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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2010-07-14 16:33:09 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2010-07-14 16:33:09 +0000
commit26fdacbc0d1cddffe387bb382f35672e1ee5d446 (patch)
tree41b6a133425a7bdaf73671adff12ff7e0ce04464 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
parent8e104c87c3953860c1c4a558c5e6576083648dcb (diff)
latex2e-help-texinfo jul10 (12jul10)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@19442 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk862
1 files changed, 614 insertions, 248 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
index 2efdec9b56a..6b6d3154370 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk
@@ -4,19 +4,24 @@
<!ENTITY latex "LaTeX">
]>
<book id="latex2e.dbk" lang="en">
- <title>&latex;2e reference manual (September 2009)</title>
+ <title>&latex;2e reference manual (July 2010)</title>
<!-- %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) -->
+<!-- xx latex 2.09 commands should all be present now, -->
+<!-- xx but latex2e stuff is missing. -->
+<!-- xx mention \mathring -->
+<!-- xx mention usrguide -->
+<!-- xx mention ! float placement, p.15 of usrguide -->
<!-- xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ -->
-<!-- xx check http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latexcheat -->
-<!-- xx latex 2.09 should be complete, but latex2e stuff is missing. -->
<!-- xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel -->
<!-- xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. -->
<!-- xx define additional commands, and some of the kernel commands are -->
<!-- xx internal and so shouldn't be included here. -->
+<!-- xx packages - required, additional, useful; oberdiek ... -->
+<!-- xx fonts - latexsys -->
<bookinfo>
<legalnotice>
<para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version as of September 2009.</para>
+document preparation system, version of July 2010.</para>
<para>This was originally translated from <filename>LATEX.HLP</filename> v1.0a in the VMS
Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
George&#xa0;D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ using <citetitle>Hypertext Help with &latex;</citetitle>, by Sheldon Green, and
and C.&#xa0;Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as
<citetitle>&tex;niques</citetitle> number 10), as reference material (text was not
directly copied).</para>
- <para>Copyright &copy; 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry.
+ <para>Copyright &copy; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry.
Copyright &copy; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.
Copyright &copy; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.</para>
<para>Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.</para>
<chapter label="" xreflabel="LaTeX2e" id="Top">
<title>&latex;2e</title>
<para>This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is
+document preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is
intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of
&latex; for many years.</para>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Knuth, Donald E.</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Lamport, Leslie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&latex; Project team</primary></indexterm>&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald&#xa0;E. Knuth's
@@ -627,18 +632,24 @@ the second is the line spacing to use; this is stored in a parameter
named <literal>\baselineskip</literal>. The unit of both parameters defaults to
pt. The default <literal>\baselineskip</literal> for the Computer Modern typeface
is 1.2 times the <literal>\fontsize</literal>.</para>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\baselinestretch</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>setspace</literal> package</primary></indexterm>The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\baselinestretch</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary><literal>setspace</literal> package</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double spacing</primary></indexterm>The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the
<literal>\baselinestretch</literal> parameter when the type size changes; the
default is 1. However, the best way to &ldquo;double space&rdquo; a document,
if you should be unlucky enough to have to produce such, is to use the
<literal>setspace</literal> package; see
<ulink url="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace</ulink>.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linespread</primary></indexterm></para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><literal>\selectfont</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\linespread{<replaceable>factor</replaceable>}</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\selectfont</primary></indexterm>The changes made by calling the four font commands described above do
+ <para>Equivalent to
+<literal>\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{<replaceable>factor</replaceable>}</literal>, and
+therefore must be followed by <literal>\selectfont</literal> to have any effect.
+Best specified in the preamble, or use the <literal>setspace</literal> package, as
+described just above.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\selectfont</primary></indexterm>The changes made by calling the font commands described above do
not come into effect until <literal>\selectfont</literal> is called.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -886,6 +897,13 @@ command is something like</para>
\appendix
\chapter{The First Appendix}
</screen>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>secnumdepth counter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>section numbers, printing</primary></indexterm>The <literal>secnumdepth</literal> counter controls printing of section numbers.
+The setting</para>
+ <screen>
+\setcounter{secnumdepth}{<replaceable>level</replaceable>}
+</screen>
+ <para role="continues">suppresses heading numbers at any depth &gt; <replaceable>level</replaceable>, where
+<literal>chapter</literal> is level zero. (See <xref linkend="\setcounter"></xref>.)</para>
</chapter>
<chapter label="7" id="Cross-references">
@@ -2189,8 +2207,8 @@ intercolumn material.</para>
<para>This inserts <replaceable>text</replaceable> in every row. An @-expression suppresses the
intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space
between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in
-text. An <literal>\extracolsep{wd}</literal> command in an @-expression causes
-an extra space of width <literal>wd</literal> to appear to the left of all
+<replaceable>text</replaceable>. An <literal>\extracolsep{wd}</literal> command in an @-expression
+causes an extra space of width <literal>wd</literal> to appear to the left of all
subsequent columns, until countermanded by another <literal>\extracolsep</literal>
command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not
suppressed by an @-expression. An <literal>\extracolsep</literal> command can be
@@ -2532,7 +2550,176 @@ stanzas.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="9" id="Footnotes">
+ <chapter label="9" id="Line-breaking">
+ <title>Line breaking</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking lines</primary></indexterm>
+The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to
+translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To
+produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines
+(and these lines must be broken into pages).</para>
+ <para>&latex; usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in
+some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the
+<literal>\\</literal> command, and you can always manually force breaks.</para>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.1" id="\\">
+ <title><literal>\\</literal>[*][<replaceable>morespace</replaceable>]</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\\ force line break</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line break, forcing</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\\</literal> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an
+optional argument, <replaceable>morespace</replaceable>, that specifies how much extra
+vertical space is to be inserted before the next line. This can be a
+negative amount.</para>
+ <para>The <literal>\\*</literal> command is the same as the ordinary <literal>\\</literal> command
+except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.2" id="\obeycr-&-\restorecr">
+ <title><literal>\obeycr</literal> &amp; <literal>\restorecr</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\obeycr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\restorecr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, output as input</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\obeycr</literal> command makes a return in the input file
+(&lsquo;<literal>^^M</literal>&rsquo;, internally) the same as <literal>\\</literal> (followed by
+<literal>\relax</literal>). So each new line in the input will also be a new line
+in the output.</para>
+ <para><literal>\restorecr</literal> restores normal line-breaking behavior.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.3" id="\newline">
+ <title><literal>\newline</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newline</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting (paragraph mode)</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\newline</literal> command breaks the line at the present point, with
+no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph
+mode.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.4" id="\--(hyphenation)">
+ <title><literal>\-</literal> (discretionary hyphen)</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\- (hyphenation)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, forcing</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\-</literal> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at
+that point. &latex; is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually
+find most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an
+incorrect one. The <literal>\-</literal> command is used for the exceptional
+cases.</para>
+ <para>When you insert <literal>\-</literal> commands in a word, the word will only be
+hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points
+that &latex; might otherwise have chosen.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.5" id="\fussy">
+ <title><literal>\fussy</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fussy</primary></indexterm>
+The declaration <literal>\fussy</literal> (which is the default) makes &tex;
+picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between
+words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.</para>
+ <para>This command cancels the effect of a previous <literal>\sloppy</literal> command
+(see <xref linkend="\sloppy"></xref>.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.6" id="\sloppy">
+ <title><literal>\sloppy</literal></title>
+ <para>The declaration <literal>\sloppy</literal> makes &tex; less fussy about line
+breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose
+interword spacing.</para>
+ <para>Lasts until a <literal>\fussy</literal> command is issued (see <xref linkend="\fussy"></xref>).</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.7" id="\hyphenation">
+ <title><literal>\hyphenation</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hyphenation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, defining</primary></indexterm>
+Synopsis:</para>
+ <screen>
+\hyphenation{<replaceable>word-one</replaceable> <replaceable>word-two</replaceable>}
+</screen>
+ <para>The <literal>\hyphenation</literal> command declares allowed hyphenation points
+with a <literal>-</literal> character in the given words. The words are separated
+by spaces. &tex; will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no
+inflections are tried. Multiple <literal>\hyphenation</literal> commands
+accumulate. Some examples (the default &tex; hyphenation patterns
+misses the hyphenations in these words):</para>
+ <screen>
+\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
+</screen>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="9.8" id="\linebreak-&-\nolinebreak">
+ <title><literal>\linebreak</literal> &amp; <literal>\nolinebreak</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nolinebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, preventing</primary></indexterm>
+Synopses:</para>
+ <screen>
+\linebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
+\nolinebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
+</screen>
+ <para>By default, the <literal>\linebreak</literal> (<literal>\nolinebreak</literal>) command forces
+(prevents) a line break at the current position. For
+<literal>\linebreak</literal>, the spaces in the line are stretched out so that it
+extends to the right margin as usual.</para>
+ <para>With the optional argument <replaceable>priority</replaceable>, you can convert the command
+from a demand to a request. The <replaceable>priority</replaceable> must be a number from
+0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.</para>
+ </sect1>
+ </chapter>
+
+ <chapter label="10" id="Page-breaking">
+ <title>Page breaking</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking pages</primary></indexterm>
+&latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
+accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically,
+but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.</para>
+
+ <sect1 label="10.1" id="\cleardoublepage">
+ <title><literal>\cleardoublepage</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cleardoublepage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting on a right-hand page</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\cleardoublepage</literal> command ends the current page and causes all
+figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
+In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
+(odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="10.2" id="\clearpage">
+ <title><literal>\clearpage</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\clearpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>flushing floats and starting a page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page and clearing floats</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\clearpage</literal> command ends the current page and causes all
+figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="10.3" id="\newpage">
+ <title><literal>\newpage</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new page, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page</primary></indexterm>
+The <literal>\newpage</literal> command ends the current page, but does not clear
+floats (see <literal>\clearpage</literal> above).</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="10.4" id="\enlargethispage">
+ <title><literal>\enlargethispage</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\enlargethispage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>enlarge current page</primary></indexterm>
+<literal>\enlargethispage{size}</literal></para>
+ <para><literal>\enlargethispage*{size}</literal></para>
+ <para>Enlarge the <literal>\textheight</literal> for the current page by the specified
+amount; e.g. <literal>\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}</literal> will allow one
+additional line.</para>
+ <para>The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page as
+much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
+<literal>\pagebreak</literal>.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="10.5" id="\pagebreak-&-\nopagebreak">
+ <title><literal>\pagebreak</literal> &amp; <literal>\nopagebreak</literal></title>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nopagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, preventing</primary></indexterm>
+Synopses:</para>
+ <screen>
+\pagebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
+\nopagebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
+</screen>
+ <para>By default, the <literal>\pagebreak</literal> (<literal>\nopagebreak</literal>) command forces
+(prevents) a page break at the current position. For
+<literal>\linebreak</literal>, the vertical space on the page is stretched out
+where possible so that it extends to the normal bottom margin.</para>
+ <para>With the optional argument <replaceable>priority</replaceable>, you can convert the
+<literal>\pagebreak</literal> command from a demand to a request. The number must
+be a number from 0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more
+insistent the request is.</para>
+ </sect1>
+ </chapter>
+
+ <chapter label="11" id="Footnotes">
<title>Footnotes</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnotes, creating</primary></indexterm>
Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced
@@ -2540,7 +2727,7 @@ with one command, the <literal>\footnote</literal> command. They can also be
produced with two commands, the <literal>\footnotemark</literal> and the
<literal>\footnotetext</literal> commands.</para>
- <sect1 label="9.1" id="\footnote">
+ <sect1 label="11.1" id="\footnote">
<title><literal>\footnote</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnote</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2556,7 +2743,7 @@ tables or in a <literal>tabular</literal> environment. (See following sections.
<!-- xx mention packages that fix this --></para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="9.2" id="\footnotemark">
+ <sect1 label="11.2" id="\footnotemark">
<title><literal>\footnotemark</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnotemark</primary></indexterm>
With no optional argument, the <literal>\footnotemark</literal> command puts the
@@ -2568,10 +2755,10 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with</para>
<screen>
\footnotemark[\value{footnote}]
</screen>
- <para>after the first <literal>\footnote</literal> command.</para>
+ <para role="continues">after the first <literal>\footnote</literal> command.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="9.3" id="\footnotetext">
+ <sect1 label="11.3" id="\footnotetext">
<title><literal>\footnotetext</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\footnotetext</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2585,9 +2772,22 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode.</para>
<para>The optional argument <replaceable>number</replaceable> changes the default footnote number.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="9.4" id="Footnote-parameters">
+ <sect1 label="11.4" id="Symbolic-footnotes">
+ <title>Symbolic footnotes</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered</primary></indexterm>If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
+numbers, redefine <literal>\thefootnote</literal> like this:</para>
+ <screen>
+\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
+</screen>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fnsymbol, and footnotes</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\@fnsymbol</primary></indexterm>The <literal>\fnsymbol</literal> command produces a predefined series of symbols
+(see <xref linkend="\alph-\Alph-\arabic-\roman-\Roman-\fnsymbol"></xref>). If you want to
+use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you'll need to also
+redefine <literal>\@fnsymbol</literal>.</para>
+ </sect1>
+
+ <sect1 label="11.5" id="Footnote-parameters">
<title>Footnote parameters</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnote parameters</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>footnote parameters</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>parameters, for footnotes</primary></indexterm></para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\footnoterule</literal></term>
@@ -2612,12 +2812,12 @@ footnotes. This is &lsquo;<literal>6.65pt</literal>&rsquo; for &lsquo;<literal>
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="10" id="Definitions">
+ <chapter label="12" id="Definitions">
<title>Definitions</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>definitions</primary></indexterm>
&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds.</para>
<!-- xx everything in this chapter needs examples. -->
- <sect1 label="10.1" id="\newcommand-&-\renewcommand">
+ <sect1 label="12.1" id="\newcommand-&-\renewcommand">
<title><literal>\newcommand</literal> &amp; <literal>\renewcommand</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newcommand</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>commands, defining new ones</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining a new command</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new commands, defining</primary></indexterm>
<literal>\newcommand</literal> and <literal>\renewcommand</literal> define and redefine a
@@ -2665,7 +2865,7 @@ text of the <replaceable>n</replaceable>th argument.</para>
</variablelist>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.2" id="\newcounter">
+ <sect1 label="12.2" id="\newcounter">
<title><literal>\newcounter</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newcounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, defining new</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2679,7 +2879,7 @@ will be reset whenever <replaceable>countername</replaceable> is incremented.</p
<para>See <xref linkend="Counters"></xref>, for more information about counters.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.3" id="\newlength">
+ <sect1 label="12.3" id="\newlength">
<title><literal>\newlength</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newlength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, defining new</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2694,7 +2894,7 @@ occurs if <literal>\foo</literal> is already defined.</para>
for more information about lengths in general.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.4" id="\newsavebox">
+ <sect1 label="12.4" id="\newsavebox">
<title><literal>\newsavebox</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newsavebox</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2705,7 +2905,7 @@ Synopsis:</para>
defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.5" id="\newenvironment-&-\renewenvironment">
+ <sect1 label="12.5" id="\newenvironment-&-\renewenvironment">
<title><literal>\newenvironment</literal> &amp; <literal>\renewenvironment</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newenvironment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\renewenvironment</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>environments, defining</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new environments</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>redefining environments</primary></indexterm>
Synopses:</para>
@@ -2758,7 +2958,7 @@ may not contain any argument parameters.</para>
</variablelist>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.6" id="\newtheorem">
+ <sect1 label="12.6" id="\newtheorem">
<title><literal>\newtheorem</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newtheorem</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>theorems, defining</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new theorems</primary></indexterm></para>
<screen>
@@ -2801,7 +3001,7 @@ The new theorem counter will be reset at the same time as the
not both.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.7" id="\newfont">
+ <sect1 label="12.7" id="\newfont">
<title><literal>\newfont</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newfont</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>fonts, new commands for</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>defining new fonts</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2815,7 +3015,7 @@ looked for on the system is named <filename><replaceable>fontname</replaceable>.
More commonly, fonts are defined in families through <filename>.fd</filename> files.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="10.8" id="\protect">
+ <sect1 label="12.8" id="\protect">
<title><literal>\protect</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\protect</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm role="cp"><primary>fragile commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>moving arguments</primary></indexterm>Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
@@ -2838,7 +3038,7 @@ be preceded by <literal>\protect</literal>.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="11" id="Counters">
+ <chapter label="13" id="Counters">
<title>Counters</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, a list of</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>variables, a list of</primary></indexterm>
Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with
@@ -2854,7 +3054,7 @@ section page footnote enumiii
subsection equation mpfootnote enumiv
subsubsection
</screen>
- <sect1 label="11.1" id="\alph-\Alph-\arabic-\roman-\Roman-\fnsymbol">
+ <sect1 label="13.1" id="\alph-\Alph-\arabic-\roman-\Roman-\fnsymbol">
<title><literal>\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol</literal>: Printing counters</title>
<para>All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for
instance, <literal>\alph{enumi}</literal>.</para>
@@ -2904,7 +3104,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
</variablelist>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.2" id="\usecounter">
+ <sect1 label="13.2" id="\usecounter">
<title><literal>\usecounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\usecounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>list items, specifying counter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>numbered items, specifying counter</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2916,7 +3116,7 @@ Synopsis:</para>
the list items.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.3" id="\value">
+ <sect1 label="13.3" id="\value">
<title><literal>\value{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\value</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, getting value of</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2932,7 +3132,7 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example:</para>
</screen>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.4" id="\setcounter">
+ <sect1 label="13.4" id="\setcounter">
<title><literal>\setcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\setcounter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>counters, setting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>setting counters</primary></indexterm>
Synopsis:</para>
@@ -2943,14 +3143,14 @@ Synopsis:</para>
<replaceable>value</replaceable> argument.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.5" id="\addtocounter">
+ <sect1 label="13.5" id="\addtocounter">
<title><literal>\addtocounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtocounter</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\addtocounter</literal> command increments <replaceable>counter</replaceable> by the
amount specified by the <replaceable>value</replaceable> argument, which may be negative.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.6" id="\refstepcounter">
+ <sect1 label="13.6" id="\refstepcounter">
<title><literal>\refstepcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\refstepcounter</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\refstepcounter</literal> command works in the same way as
@@ -2958,14 +3158,14 @@ The <literal>\refstepcounter</literal> command works in the same way as
current <literal>\ref</literal> value to be the result of <literal>\thecounter</literal>.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.7" id="\stepcounter">
+ <sect1 label="13.7" id="\stepcounter">
<title><literal>\stepcounter{<replaceable>counter</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\stepcounter</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\stepcounter</literal> command adds one to <replaceable>counter</replaceable> and
resets all subsidiary counters.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="11.8" id="\day-\month-\year">
+ <sect1 label="13.8" id="\day-\month-\year">
<title><literal>\day \month \year</literal>: Predefined counters</title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\day</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\month</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\year</primary></indexterm>
&latex; defines counters for the day of the month (<literal>\day</literal>,
@@ -2978,13 +3178,13 @@ current day (see <xref linkend="\today"></xref>).</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="12" id="Lengths">
+ <chapter label="14" id="Lengths">
<title>Lengths</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, defining and using</primary></indexterm>
A <literal>length</literal> is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a
length as an argument.</para>
- <sect1 label="12.1" id="\setlength">
+ <sect1 label="14.1" id="\setlength">
<title><literal>\setlength{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>value</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\setlength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, setting</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\setlength</literal> sets the value of <replaceable>\len</replaceable> to the <replaceable>value</replaceable>
@@ -2993,7 +3193,7 @@ understands, i.e., inches (<literal>in</literal>), millimeters (<literal>mm</lit
(<literal>pt</literal>), big points (<literal>bp</literal>, etc.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="12.2" id="\addtolength">
+ <sect1 label="14.2" id="\addtolength">
<title>\addtolength{<replaceable>\len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>amount</replaceable>}</title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\addtolength</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, adding to</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\addtolength</literal> command increments a &ldquo;length command&rdquo;
@@ -3001,7 +3201,7 @@ The <literal>\addtolength</literal> command increments a &ldquo;length command&r
may be negative.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="12.3" id="\settodepth">
+ <sect1 label="14.3" id="\settodepth">
<title><literal>\settodepth</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settodepth</primary></indexterm>
<literal>\settodepth{\gnat}{text}</literal></para>
@@ -3009,7 +3209,7 @@ may be negative.</para>
equal to the depth of the <literal>text</literal> argument.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="12.4" id="\settoheight">
+ <sect1 label="14.4" id="\settoheight">
<title><literal>\settoheight</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settoheight</primary></indexterm>
<literal>\settoheight{\gnat}{text}</literal></para>
@@ -3017,14 +3217,14 @@ equal to the depth of the <literal>text</literal> argument.</para>
equal to the height of the <literal>text</literal> argument.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="12.5" id="\settowidth">
+ <sect1 label="14.5" id="\settowidth">
<title><literal>\settowidth{\<replaceable>len</replaceable>}{<replaceable>text</replaceable>}</literal></title>
<para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\settowidth</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\settowidth</literal> command sets the value of the command <replaceable>\len</replaceable>
to the width of the <replaceable>text</replaceable> argument.</para>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="12.6" id="Predefined-lengths">
+ <sect1 label="14.6" id="Predefined-lengths">
<title>Predefined lengths</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>lengths, predefined</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>predefined lengths</primary></indexterm>
<literal>\width</literal>
@@ -3044,175 +3244,6 @@ natural size, e.g., say</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="13" id="Line-breaking">
- <title>Line breaking</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking lines</primary></indexterm>
-The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to
-translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To
-produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines
-(and these lines must be broken into pages).</para>
- <para>&latex; usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in
-some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the
-<literal>\\</literal> command, and you can always manually force breaks.</para>
-
- <sect1 label="13.1" id="\\">
- <title><literal>\\</literal>[*][<replaceable>morespace</replaceable>]</title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\\ force line break</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line break, forcing</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\\</literal> command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an
-optional argument, <replaceable>morespace</replaceable>, that specifies how much extra
-vertical space is to be inserted before the next line. This can be a
-negative amount.</para>
- <para>The <literal>\\*</literal> command is the same as the ordinary <literal>\\</literal> command
-except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.2" id="\obeycr-&-\restorecr">
- <title><literal>\obeycr</literal> &amp; <literal>\restorecr</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\obeycr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\restorecr</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, output as input</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\obeycr</literal> command makes a return in the input file
-(&lsquo;<literal>^^M</literal>&rsquo;, internally) the same as <literal>\\</literal> (followed by
-<literal>\relax</literal>). So each new line in the input will also be a new line
-in the output.</para>
- <para><literal>\restorecr</literal> restores normal line-breaking behavior.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.3" id="\newline">
- <title><literal>\newline</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newline</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new line, starting (paragraph mode)</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\newline</literal> command breaks the line at the present point, with
-no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph
-mode.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.4" id="\--(hyphenation)">
- <title><literal>\-</literal> (discretionary hyphen)</title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\- (hyphenation)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, forcing</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\-</literal> command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at
-that point. &latex; is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually
-find most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an
-incorrect one. The <literal>\-</literal> command is used for the exceptional
-cases.</para>
- <para>When you insert <literal>\-</literal> commands in a word, the word will only be
-hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points
-that &latex; might otherwise have chosen.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.5" id="\fussy">
- <title><literal>\fussy</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\fussy</primary></indexterm>
-The declaration <literal>\fussy</literal> (which is the default) makes &tex;
-picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between
-words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box.</para>
- <para>This command cancels the effect of a previous <literal>\sloppy</literal> command
-(see <xref linkend="\sloppy"></xref>.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.6" id="\sloppy">
- <title><literal>\sloppy</literal></title>
- <para>The declaration <literal>\sloppy</literal> makes &tex; less fussy about line
-breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose
-interword spacing.</para>
- <para>Lasts until a <literal>\fussy</literal> command is issued (see <xref linkend="\fussy"></xref>).</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.7" id="\hyphenation">
- <title><literal>\hyphenation</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\hyphenation</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hyphenation, defining</primary></indexterm>
-Synopsis:</para>
- <screen>
-\hyphenation{<replaceable>word-one</replaceable> <replaceable>word-two</replaceable>}
-</screen>
- <para>The <literal>\hyphenation</literal> command declares allowed hyphenation points
-with a <literal>-</literal> character in the given words. The words are separated
-by spaces. &tex; will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no
-inflections are tried. Multiple <literal>\hyphenation</literal> commands
-accumulate. Some examples (the default &tex; hyphenation patterns
-misses the hyphenations in these words):</para>
- <screen>
-\hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
-</screen>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="13.8" id="\linebreak-&-\nolinebreak">
- <title><literal>\linebreak</literal> &amp; <literal>\nolinebreak</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\linebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nolinebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>line breaks, preventing</primary></indexterm>
-Synopses:</para>
- <screen>
-\linebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
-\nolinebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
-</screen>
- <para>By default, the <literal>\linebreak</literal> (<literal>\nolinebreak</literal>) command forces
-(prevents) a line break at the current position. For
-<literal>\linebreak</literal>, the spaces in the line are stretched out so that it
-extends to the right margin as usual.</para>
- <para>With the optional argument <replaceable>priority</replaceable>, you can convert the command
-from a demand to a request. The <replaceable>priority</replaceable> must be a number from
-0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.</para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
- <chapter label="14" id="Page-breaking">
- <title>Page breaking</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page breaking</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breaking pages</primary></indexterm>
-&latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
-accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically,
-but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.</para>
-
- <sect1 label="14.1" id="\cleardoublepage">
- <title><literal>\cleardoublepage</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\cleardoublepage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting on a right-hand page</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\cleardoublepage</literal> command ends the current page and causes all
-figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
-In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
-(odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="14.2" id="\clearpage">
- <title><literal>\clearpage</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\clearpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>flushing floats and starting a page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page and clearing floats</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\clearpage</literal> command ends the current page and causes all
-figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="14.3" id="\newpage">
- <title><literal>\newpage</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newpage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>new page, starting</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>starting a new page</primary></indexterm>
-The <literal>\newpage</literal> command ends the current page, but does not clear
-floats (see <literal>\clearpage</literal> above).</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="14.4" id="\enlargethispage">
- <title><literal>\enlargethispage</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\enlargethispage</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>enlarge current page</primary></indexterm>
-<literal>\enlargethispage{size}</literal></para>
- <para><literal>\enlargethispage*{size}</literal></para>
- <para>Enlarge the <literal>\textheight</literal> for the current page by the specified
-amount; e.g. <literal>\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}</literal> will allow one
-additional line.</para>
- <para>The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page as
-much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
-<literal>\pagebreak</literal>.</para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 label="14.5" id="\pagebreak-&-\nopagebreak">
- <title><literal>\pagebreak</literal> &amp; <literal>\nopagebreak</literal></title>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\pagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\nopagebreak</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, forcing</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page break, preventing</primary></indexterm>
-Synopses:</para>
- <screen>
-\pagebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
-\nopagebreak[<replaceable>priority</replaceable>]
-</screen>
- <para>By default, the <literal>\pagebreak</literal> (<literal>\nopagebreak</literal>) command forces
-(prevents) a page break at the current position. For
-<literal>\linebreak</literal>, the vertical space on the page is stretched out
-where possible so that it extends to the normal bottom margin.</para>
- <para>With the optional argument <replaceable>priority</replaceable>, you can convert the
-<literal>\pagebreak</literal> command from a demand to a request. The number must
-be a number from 0 to&#xa0;4. The higher the number, the more
-insistent the request is.</para>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
-
<chapter label="15" id="Making-paragraphs">
<title>Making paragraphs</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>making paragraphs</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraphs</primary></indexterm>
@@ -3357,8 +3388,8 @@ below summations. For example</para>
$\displaystyle \sum_{n=0}^\infty x_n $
</screen>
<!-- xx see also \cal, \mathcal -->
- <sect1 label="16.1" id="Subscripts-&-Superscripts">
- <title>Subscripts &amp; Superscripts</title>
+ <sect1 label="16.1" id="Subscripts-&-superscripts">
+ <title>Subscripts &amp; superscripts</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>superscript</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>subscript</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>exponent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>_</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>^</primary></indexterm>
To get an expression <wordasword>exp</wordasword> to appear as a subscript, you just type
<literal>_{</literal><wordasword>exp</wordasword><literal>}</literal>. To get <wordasword>exp</wordasword> to appear as a
@@ -4991,9 +5022,9 @@ commands for use in math mode:</para>
</variablelist>
</sect1>
- <sect1 label="16.6" id="Math-Miscellany">
- <title>Math Miscellany</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math Miscellany</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <sect1 label="16.6" id="Math-miscellany">
+ <title>Math miscellany</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>math miscellany</primary></indexterm></para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\*</literal></term>
@@ -5068,7 +5099,8 @@ example, the cube root of <literal>x+y</literal> would be typed as
<term><literal>\underline{text}</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para>Causes <replaceable>text</replaceable>, which may be either math mode or not, to be
-underlined.</para>
+underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of
+descenders.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
@@ -5123,8 +5155,8 @@ these commands or environments will be called a <literal>parbox</literal>. When
in, is called &ldquo;outer paragraph mode&rdquo;.</para>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="18" id="Page-Styles">
- <title>Page Styles</title>
+ <chapter label="18" id="Page-styles">
+ <title>Page styles</title>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>styles, page</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>page styles</primary></indexterm>
The <literal>\documentclass</literal> command determines the size and position of
the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.</para>
@@ -5698,11 +5730,13 @@ with <literal>"</literal>, so the previous example could also be written as
<sect1 label="21.2" id="Text-symbols">
<title>Text symbols</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>text symbols</primary></indexterm>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
-in running text.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>text symbols</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>textcomp package</primary></indexterm>&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
+in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are
+not available in OT1; you may need to load the <literal>textcomp</literal> package.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\copyright</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textcopyright</literal></term>
<listitem>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>copyright symbol</primary></indexterm>The copyright symbol, &copy;.</para>
</listitem>
@@ -5726,10 +5760,22 @@ in running text.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\guillemotleft (&laquo;)</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\guillemotright (&raquo;)</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\guilsinglleft (&lt;)</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\guilsinglright (&gt;)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double guillemets</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>single guillemets</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left angle quotation marks</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right angle quotation marks</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double angle quotation marks</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>single angle quotation marks</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>French quotation marks</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quotation marks, French</primary></indexterm>Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French:
+&laquo;, &raquo;, &lt;, &gt;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
<term><literal>\ldots</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\dots</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textellipsis</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ellipsis</primary></indexterm>An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `&hellip;'. This
-command also works in math mode.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ellipsis</primary></indexterm>An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `&hellip;'. <literal>\ldots</literal>
+and <literal>\dots</literal> also work in math mode.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
@@ -5740,14 +5786,24 @@ command also works in math mode.</para>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\P</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textparagraph</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph sign</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pilcrow</primary></indexterm>Paragraph sign (pilcrow).</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>paragraph symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pilcrow</primary></indexterm>Paragraph sign (pilcrow).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\pounds</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textsterling</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pounds symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>sterling symbol</primary></indexterm>English pounds sterling: &pound;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\quotedblbase (&ldquor;)</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\quotesinglbase (&lsquor;)</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>pounds symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>sterling symbol</primary></indexterm>English pounds sterling.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double low-9 quotation mark</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>single low-9 quotation mark</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>low-9 quotation marks, single and double</primary></indexterm>Double and single quotation marks on the baseline:
+&ldquor; and &lsquor;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
@@ -5768,6 +5824,240 @@ command also works in math mode.</para>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>&tex; logo</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>logo, &tex;</primary></indexterm>The &tex; logo.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textasciicircum</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>circumflex, ASCII, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ASCII circumflex, in text</primary></indexterm>ASCII circumflex: ^.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textasciitilde</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tilde, ASCII, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ASCII tilde, in text</primary></indexterm>ASCII tilde: ~.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textasteriskcentered</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>asterisk, centered, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centered asterisk, in text</primary></indexterm>Centered asterisk: *.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbackslash</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>backslash, in text</primary></indexterm>Backslash: \.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbar</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical bar, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bar, vertical, in text</primary></indexterm>Vertical bar: |.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbardbl</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>vertical bar, double, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bar, double vertical, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double vertical bar, in text</primary></indexterm>Double vertical bar.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbigcircle</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>big circle symbols, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>circle symbol, big, in text</primary></indexterm>Big circle symbol.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbraceleft</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left brace, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>brace, left, in text</primary></indexterm>Left brace: {.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbraceright</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right brace, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>brace, right, in text</primary></indexterm>Right brace: }.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textbullet</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bullet, in text</primary></indexterm>Bullet: &bull;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textcircled{<replaceable>letter</replaceable>}</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>circled letter, in text</primary></indexterm><replaceable>letter</replaceable> in a circle, as in &reg;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textcompwordmark</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textcapitalwordmark</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textascenderwordmark</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>composite word mark, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cap height</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ascender height</primary></indexterm>Composite word mark (invisible). The <literal>\textcapital...</literal> form
+has the cap height of the font, while the <literal>\textascender...</literal> form
+has the ascender height.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textdagger</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>dagger, in text</primary></indexterm>Dagger: \dag.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textdaggerdbl</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>dagger, double, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double dagger, in text</primary></indexterm>Double dagger: \ddag.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textdollar (or <literal>$</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>dollar sign</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>currency, dollar</primary></indexterm>Dollar sign: $.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textemdash (or <literal>---</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>em-dash</primary></indexterm>Em-dash: &mdash; (for punctuation).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textendash (or <literal>--</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>e-dash</primary></indexterm>En-dash: &mdash; (for ranges).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\texteuro</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>euro symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>currency, euro</primary></indexterm>The Euro symbol: &euro;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textexclamdown (or <literal>!`</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>exclamation point, upside-down</primary></indexterm>Upside down exclamation point: &iexcl;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textgreater</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>greater than symbol, in text</primary></indexterm>Greater than: &gt;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textless</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>less than symbol, in text</primary></indexterm>Less than: &lt;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textleftarrow</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>arrow, left, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left arrow, in text</primary></indexterm>Left arrow.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textordfeminine</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textordmasculine</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>feminine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>masculine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ordinals, feminine and masculine</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine</primary></indexterm>Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: &ordf;, &ordm;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textordfeminine</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>feminine ordinal symbol</primary></indexterm>Feminine ordinal symbol: &reg;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textperiodcentered</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>period, centered, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>centered period, in text</primary></indexterm>Centered period: \cdot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textquestiondown (or <literal>?`</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>questionation point, upside-down</primary></indexterm>Upside down questionation point: &iquest;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textquotedblleft (or <literal>``</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left quote, double</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double left quote</primary></indexterm>Double left quote: &ldquo;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textquotedblright (or <literal>'</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right quote, double</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double right quote</primary></indexterm>Double right quote: &rdquo;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textquoteleft (or <literal>`</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>left quote, single</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>single left quote</primary></indexterm>Single left quote: `.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textquoteright (or <literal>'</literal>)</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right quote, single</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>single right quote</primary></indexterm>Single right quote: '.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textquotestraightbase</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\textquotestraightdblbase</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>quote, straight base</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>straight quote, base</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>double quote, straight base</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>straight double quote, base</primary></indexterm>Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textregistered</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>registered symbol</primary></indexterm>Registered symbol: &reg;.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textrightarrow</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>arrow, right, in text</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>right arrow, in text</primary></indexterm>Right arrow.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textthreequartersemdash</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>three-quarters em-dash</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>em-dash, three-quarters</primary></indexterm>&ldquo;Three-quarters&rdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\texttrademark</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>trademark symbol</primary></indexterm>Trademark symbol: ^\hboxTM.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\texttwelveudash</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Xx 12u-.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textunderscore</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>underscore, in text</primary></indexterm>Underscore: _.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\textvisiblespace</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>visible space symbol, in text</primary></indexterm>Visible space symbol.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect1>
@@ -5776,19 +6066,23 @@ command also works in math mode.</para>
<para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>accents</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>characters, accented</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>letters, accented</primary></indexterm>
&latex; has wide support for many of the world's scripts and
languages, through the <literal>babel</literal> package and related support. This
-section does not attempt to cover all that support. It merely the
-core &latex; commands for creating accented characters.</para>
+section does not attempt to cover all that support. It merely lists
+the core &latex; commands for creating accented characters.</para>
+ <para>The <literal>\capital...</literal> commands produce alternative forms for use with
+capital letters. These are not available with OT1.</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\"</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitaldieresis</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\" (umlaut accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>umlaut accent</primary></indexterm>Produces an umlaut, as in &ouml;.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\" (umlaut accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitaldieresis</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>umlaut accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>dieresis accent</primary></indexterm>Produces an umlaut (dieresis), as in &ouml;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\'</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalacute</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\' (acute accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>acute accent</primary></indexterm>Produces an acute accent, as in &oacute;. In the <literal>tabbing</literal>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\' (acute accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalacute</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>acute accent</primary></indexterm>Produces an acute accent, as in &oacute;. In the <literal>tabbing</literal>
environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column
(see <xref linkend="tabbing"></xref>).</para>
</listitem>
@@ -5801,28 +6095,32 @@ environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\=</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalmacron</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\= (macron accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>macron accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>overbar accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bar-over accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o&macr;.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\= (macron accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalmacron</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>macron accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>overbar accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>bar-over accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o&macr;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\^</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalcircumflex</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\^ (circumflex accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>circumflex accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hat accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in &ocirc;.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\^ (circumflex accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalcircumflex</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>circumflex accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hat accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in &ocirc;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\`</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalgrave</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\` (grave accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>grave accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a grave accent over the following, as in &ograve;. In the
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\` (grave accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalgrave</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>grave accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a grave accent over the following, as in &ograve;. In the
<literal>tabbing</literal> environment, move following text to the right margin
(see <xref linkend="tabbing"></xref>).</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\~</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitaltilde</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\~ (tilde accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tilde accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in &ntilde;.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\~ (tilde accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitaltilde</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tilde accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in &ntilde;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
@@ -5833,21 +6131,23 @@ environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\c</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalcedilla</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\c (cedilla accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cedilla accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in
-<!-- {c}. --></para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\c (cedilla accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalcedilla</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>cedilla accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in &ccedil;.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\d</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitaldotaccent</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\d (dot-under accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>dot-under accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a dot accent under the following, as in .o.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\d (dot-under accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitaldotaccent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>dot-under accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a dot accent under the following, as in .o.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\H</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalhungarumlaut</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\H (Hungarian umlaut accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hungarian umlaut accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in o''.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\H (Hungarian umlaut accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalhungarumlaut</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hungarian umlaut accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in o''.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
@@ -5863,21 +6163,51 @@ environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\k</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalogonek</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\k (ogonek)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalogonek</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ogonek</primary></indexterm>Produces a letter with ogonek, as in `o'. Not available in
+the OT1 encoding.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\r</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalring</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\r (ring accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalring</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ring accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a ring accent, as in `o*'.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
<term><literal>\t</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitaltie</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\newtie</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalnewtie</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\t (tie-after accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tie-after accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a tie-after accent, as in `oo['.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\t (tie-after accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitaltie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\newtie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalnewtie</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>tie-after accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a tie-after accent, as in `oo['. The
+<literal>\newtie</literal> form is centered in its box.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\u</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalbreve</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\u (breve accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalbreve</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breve accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a breve accent, as in `o('.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\underbar</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\u (breve accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>breve accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a breve accent, as in `o('.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\underbar</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>underbar</primary></indexterm>Not exactly an accent, this produces a bar under the argument text.
+The argument is always processed in horizontal mode. The bar is
+always a fixed position under the baseline, thus crossing through
+descenders. See also <literal>\underline</literal> in <xref linkend="Math-miscellany"></xref>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\v</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\capitalcaron</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\v (breve accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hacek accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>check accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a h&aacute;c&lt;ek (check) accent, as in `o&lt;'.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\v (breve accent)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\capitalcaron</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>hacek accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>check accent</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>caron accent</primary></indexterm>Produces a h&aacute;c&lt;ek (check, caron) accent, as in `o&lt;'.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
@@ -5904,6 +6234,27 @@ used in languages other than English.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\dh</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\DH</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\dh (&aelig;)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\DH (&AElig;)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Icelandic eth</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>eth, Icelandic letter</primary></indexterm>Icelandic letter eth: and .</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\dj</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\DJ</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\dj</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\DJ</primary></indexterm>xxxx</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\ij</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\IJ</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ij (ij)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\IJ (IJ)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>ij letter, Dutch</primary></indexterm>ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
<term><literal>\l</literal></term>
<term><literal>\L</literal></term>
<listitem>
@@ -5911,6 +6262,13 @@ used in languages other than English.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\ng</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\NG</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ng</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\NG</primary></indexterm>xxxx</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
<term><literal>\o</literal></term>
<term><literal>\O</literal></term>
<listitem>
@@ -5926,8 +6284,16 @@ used in languages other than English.</para>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>\ss</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\SS</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ss (&szlig;)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\SS (SS)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>es-zet German letter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>sharp S letters</primary></indexterm>&szlig; and SS.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>\th</literal></term>
+ <term><literal>\TH</literal></term>
<listitem>
- <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\ss (&szlig;)</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>es-zet German letter</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>sharp S letters</primary></indexterm>&szlig;.</para>
+ <para><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\th ()</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="fn"><primary>\TH ()</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>Icelandic thorn</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>thorn, Icelandic letter</primary></indexterm>Icelandic letter thorn: and .</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
@@ -6341,9 +6707,9 @@ space for your signature. <literal>\\</literal> starts a new line within
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="25" id="Terminal-Input/Output">
- <title>Terminal Input/Output</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>input/Output</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>terminal Input/Output</primary></indexterm></para>
+ <chapter label="25" id="Terminal-input/output">
+ <title>Terminal input/output</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>input/output</primary></indexterm><indexterm role="cp"><primary>terminal input/output</primary></indexterm></para>
<sect1 label="25.1" id="\typein">
<title><literal>\typein[<replaceable>cmd</replaceable>]{<replaceable>msg</replaceable>}</literal></title>
@@ -6380,9 +6746,9 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A <literal>^^J</literal> in
</sect1>
</chapter>
- <chapter label="26" id="Command-Line">
- <title>Command Line</title>
- <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>command Line</primary></indexterm>
+ <chapter label="26" id="Command-line">
+ <title>Command line</title>
+ <para><indexterm role="cp"><primary>command line</primary></indexterm>
The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted;
&tex; uses <filename>.tex</filename> as a default file extension. If you omit the
input file entirely, &tex; accepts input from the terminal. You