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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-11-01 23:50:14 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2006-11-01 23:50:14 +0000 |
commit | bcec5cf9be8a366b39aab4c13fa9e455b6e724ca (patch) | |
tree | 10af70bab7eedf89d55be20d1a3b9c334ad80ea3 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex | |
parent | 8cdb9ebeb89ec677972e7a568938c6a0dd313145 (diff) |
beamer update to get solutions/ et al. (reported by gerben)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@2379 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex | 1765 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1765 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex deleted file mode 100644 index d0a7fd18ac2..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1765 +0,0 @@ -% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/doc/beamerug-frames.tex,v 1.29 2005/04/18 16:33:59 tantau Exp $ - -% Copyright 2003, 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>. -% -% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms -% of the GNU Public License, version 2. - -\section{Creating Frames} - -\label{section-frames} - -\subsection{The Frame Environment} - -A presentation consists of a series of frames. Each frame consists of -a series of slides. You create a frame using the command -|\frame| or the environment |frame|, which do the same. The command -takes one parameter, namely the contents of the frame. All of the -text that is not tagged by overlay specifications is shown on all -slides of the frame. (Overlay specifications are explained -in more detail in later sections. For the moment, let's just say -that an overlay specification is a list of numbers or number ranges in -pointed brackets that is put after certain commands as in -|\uncover<1,2>{Text}|.) If a frame contains commands that have an -overlay specification, the frame will contain multiple slides; -otherwise it contains only one slide. - -\begin{environment}{{frame}\sarg{overlay specification}% - \opt{|[<|\meta{default overlay specification}|>]|}\oarg{options}\opt{\marg{title}\marg{subtitle}}} - The \meta{overlay specification} dictates which slides of a frame are - to be shown. If left out, the number is calculated automatically. - The \meta{environment contents} can be normal \LaTeX\ text, but may not contain - |\verb| commands or |verbatim| environments or any environment that - changes the character codes, unless the |fragile| options - is given. - - The optional \meta{title} is detected by an opening brace, that is, - if the first thing in the frame is an opening brace then it is - assumed that a frame title follows. Likewise, the optional - \meta{subtitle} is detected the same way, that is, by an opening - brace following the \meta{title}. The title and subtitle can also be - given using the |\frametitle| and |\framesubtitle| commands. - - The normal \LaTeX\ command |\frame| is available \emph{inside} - frames with its usual meaning. Both outside and inside frames it is - always available as {\color{red!75!black}|\framelatex|}. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}{A title} - Some content. -\end{frame} -%% Same effect: -\begin{frame} - \frametitle{A title} - Some content. -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline} % frame is only shown in beamer mode - \tabelofcontent[current] -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - - Normally, the complete \meta{environment contents} is put on a slide. If - the text does not fit on a slide, being too high, it will be - squeezed as much as possible, a warning will be issued, and the text - just extends unpleasantly over the bottom. You can use the option - |allowframebreaks| to cause the \meta{frame text} to be split among several - slides, though you cannot use overlays then. See the explanation of - the |allowframebreaks| option for details. - - The \meta{default overlay specification} is an optional argument - that is ``detected'' according to the following rule: If the first - optional argument in square brackets starts with a |<|, then this - argument is a \meta{default overlay specification}, otherwise it is - a normal \meta{options} argument. Thus |\begin{frame}[<+->][plain]| would - be legal, but also |\begin{frame}[plain]|. - - The effect of the \meta{default overlay specification} is the - following: Every command or environment \emph{inside the frame} that - accepts an action specification, see - Section~\ref{section-action-specifications}, (this includes the - |\item| command, the |actionenv| environment, |\action|, and all - block environments) and that is not followed by - an overlay specification gets the \meta{default overlay - specification} as its specification. By providing an incremental - specification like |<+->|, see Section~\ref{section-incremental}, - this will essentially cause all blocks and all enumerations to be - uncovered piece-wise (blocks internally employ action - specifications). - - \example In this frame, the theorem is shown from the first slide - on, the proof from the second slide on, with the first two itemize - points shown one after the other; the last itemize point is shown - together with the first one. In total, this frame will contain four - slides. -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}[<+->] - \begin{theorem} - $A = B$. - \end{theorem} - \begin{proof} - \begin{itemize} - \item Clearly, $A = C$. - \item As shown earlier, $C = B$. - \item<3-> Thus $A = B$. - \end{itemize} - \end{proof} -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - - The following \meta{options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item - \declare{|allowdisplaybreaks|}\opt{|=|\meta{break - desirability}} causes the AMS\TeX\ command - |\allowdisplaybreaks|\penalty0|[|\meta{break desirability}|]| to be issued - for the current frame. The \meta{break desirability} can be a - value between 0 (meaning formulas may never be broken) and 4 (the - default, meaning that formulas can be broken anywhere without any - penalty). The option is just a convenience and makes sense only - together with the |allowsframebreaks| option. - \item - \declare{|allowframebreaks|}\opt{|=|\meta{fraction}}. When this option is - given, the frame will be automatically broken up into several - frames if the text does not fit on a single slide. In detail, when this - option is given, the following things happen: - \begin{enumerate} - \item - Overlays are not supported. - \item - Any notes for the frame created using the |\note| command will - be inserted after the first page of the frame. - \item - Any footnotes for the frame will be inserted on the last page of - the frame. - \item - If there is a frame title, each of the pages will have this - frame title, with a special note added indicating which page of - the frame that page is. By default, this special note is a - Roman number. However, this can be changed using the following - template. - \begin{element}{frametitle continuation}\yes\yes\yes - The text of this template is inserted at the end of every - title of a frame with the |allowframebreaks| option set. - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - Installs a Roman number as the template. The number - indicates the current page of the frame. - - \itemoption{roman}{} - Alias for the default. - - \itemoption{from second}{\oarg{text}} - Installs a template that inserts \meta{text} from the second - page of a frame on. By default, the text inserted is - |\insertcontinuationtext|, which in turn is |(cont.)| by - default. - \end{templateoptions} - The following inserts are available: - \begin{templateinserts} - \iteminsert{\insertcontinuationcount} - inserts the current page of the frame as an arabic number. - \iteminsert{\insertcontinuationcountroman} - inserts the current page of the frame as an (uppercase) - Roman number. - \iteminsert{\insertcontinuationtext} - just inserts the text |(cont.)| or, possibly, a translation - thereof (like |(Forts.)| in German). - \end{templateinserts} - \end{element} - \end{enumerate} - If a frame needs to be broken into several pages, the material on - all but the last page fills only 95\% of each page by - default. Thus, there will be some space left at the top and/or - bottom, depending on the vertical placement option for the - frame. This yields a better visual result than a 100\% filling, - which typically looks crowded. However, you can change this - percentage using the optional argument \meta{fraction}, where 1 - means 100\% and 0.5 means 50\%. This percentage includes - the frame title. Thus, in order to split a frame ``roughly in - half,'' you should give 0.6 as \meta{fraction}. - - Most of the fine details of normal \TeX\ page breaking also apply - to this option. For example, when you wish equations to be broken - automatically, be sure to use the |\allowdisplaybreaks| - command. You can insert |\break|, |\nobreak|, and |\penalty| - commands to control where breaks should occur. The commands - |\pagebreak| and |\nopagebreak| also work, including their - options. Since you typically do not want page breaks for the frame - to apply also to the |article| mode, you can add a mode - specification like |<presentation>| to make these commands apply - only to the presentation modes. The command - \declare{|\string\framebreak|} is a shorthand for - |\pagebreak<presentation>| and \declare{|\string\noframebreak|} is - a shorthand for |\nopagebreak<presentation>|. - - The use of this option \emph{evil}. In a (good) presentation you - prepare each slide carefully and think twice before putting something - on a certain slide rather than on some different slide. Using the - |allowframebreaks| option invites the creation of horrible, endless - presentations that resemble more a ``paper projected on the wall'' - than a presentation. Nevertheless, the option does have its - uses. Most noticeably, it can be convenient for automatically - splitting bibliographies or long equations. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References} - \begin{thebibliography}{XX} - - \bibitem... - \bibitem... - ... - \bibitem... - \end{thebibliography} -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks,allowdisplaybreaks]{A Long Equation} - \begin{align} - \zeta(2) &= 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + \cdots \\ - &= ... \\ - ... - &= \pi^2/6. - \end{align} -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - \item - \declare{|b|}, \declare{|c|}, \declare{|t|} will cause the frame - to be vertically aligned at the bottom/center/top. This overrides - the global placement policy, which is governed by the class - options |t| and |c|. - \item - \declare{|fragile|\opt{|=singleslide|}} tells \beamer\ - that the frame contents is ``fragile.'' This means that the frame - contains text that is not ``interpreted as usual.'' For example, - this applies to verbatim text, which is, obviously, interpreted - somewhat differently from normal text. - - If a frame contains fragile text, different internal mechanisms - are used to typeset the frame to ensure that inside the frame the - character codes can be reset. The price of switching to another - internal mechanism is that either you cannot use overlays or an - external file needs to be written and read back (which is not - always desirable). - - In detail, the following happens when this option is given for - normal (pdf)\LaTeX: The contents of the frame is scanned and then - written to a special file named \meta{jobname}|.vrb| or, if a - label has been assigned to the frame, - \meta{jobname}|.|\meta{current frame number}|.vrb|. Then, the - frame is started anew and the content of this file is read - back. Since, upon reading of a file, the character codes can be - modified, this allows you to use both verbatim text and overlays. - - To determine the end of the frame, the following rule is used: The - first occurence of a single line containing exactly - |\end{|\meta{frame environment name}|}| ends the frame. The - \meta{environment name} normally |frame|, but it can be changed - using the |environment| option. This special rule is needed since - the frame contents is, after all, not interpreted when it is - gathered. - - You can also add the optional information |=singleslide|. This - tells \beamer\ that the frame contains only a single slide. In - this case, the frame contents is \emph{not} written to a special - file, but interpreted directly, which is ``faster and cleaner.'' - \item - \declare{|environment=|\meta{frame environment name}}. This option - is useful only in conjuction with the |fragile| option (but it - is not used for |fragile=singleslide|, only for the plain - |fragile|). The \meta{frame environment name} is used to determine - the end of the scanning when gathering the frame - contents. Normally, the frame ends when a line reading - |\end{frame}| is reached. However, if you use |\begin{frame}| - inside another environment, you need to use this option: - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\newenvironment{slide}[1] - {\begin{frame}[fragile,environment=slide] - \frametitle{#1}} - {\end{frame}} - -\begin{slide}{My title} - Text. -\end{slide} -\end{verbatim} - If you did not specify the option |environment=slide| in the above - example, \TeX\ would ``miss'' the end of the slide since it does - not interpret text while gathering the frame contents. - \item - \declare{|label=|\meta{name}} causes the frame's contents to - be stored under the name \meta{name} for later resumption using - the command |\againframe|. Furthermore, on each slide of the frame - a label with the name \meta{name}|<|\meta{slide number}|>| is created. On the - \emph{first} slide, furthermore, a label with the name \meta{name} - is created (so the labels \meta{name} and \meta{name}|<1>| point - to the same slide). Note that labels in general, and these labels - in particular, can be used as targets for hyperlinks. - - You can use this option together with |fragile|. - \item - \declare{|plain|} causes the headlines, footlines, - and sidebars to be suppressed. This is useful for creating single - frames with different head- and footlines or for creating frames - showing big pictures that completely fill the frame. - - \example A frame with a picture completely filling the frame: -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}[plain] - \begin{centering}% - \pgfimage[height=\paperheight]{somebigimagefile}% - \par% - \end{centering}% -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - - \example A title page, in which the head- and footlines are replaced - by two graphics. -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{title page} -{ - \pgfuseimage{toptitle} - \vskip0pt plus 1filll - - \begin{centering} - {\usebeamerfont{title}\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}\inserttitle} - - \insertdate - \end{centering} - - \vskip0pt plus 1filll - \pgfuseimage{bottomtitle} -} -\begin{frame}[plain] - \titlepage -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - \item - \declare{|shrink|}\opt{|=|\meta{minimum shrink percentage}}. This - option will cause the text of the frame to be shrunk if it is - too large to fit on the frame. \beamer\ will first normally - typeset the whole frame. Then it has a look at vertical size of - the frame text (excluding the frame title). If this vertical size - is larger than the text height minus the frame title height, - \beamer\ computes a shrink factor and scales down the frame text - by this factor such that the frame text then fills the frame - completely. Using this option will automatically cause the - |squeeze| option to be used, also. - - Since the shrinking takes place only after everything has been - typeset, shrunk frame text will not fill the frame completely - horizontally. For this reason, you can specify a \meta{minimum - shrink percentage} like |20|. If this percentage is specified, the - frame will be shrunk \emph{at least} by this percentage. Since - \beamer\ knows this, it can increase the horizontal width - proportionally such that the shrunk text once more fills the - entire frame. If, however, the percentage is not enough, the text - will be shrunk as needed and you will be punished with a warning - message. - - The best way to use this option is to identify frames that are - overly full, but in which all text absolutely has to be fit on a - single frame. Then start specifying first |shrink=5|, then - |shrink=10|, and so on, until no warning is issued any more (or - just ignore the warning when things look satisfactory). - - Using this option is \emph{very evil}. It will - result in changes of the font size from slide to slide, which is a - typographic nightmare. Its usage can \emph{always} be avoided by - restructuring and simplifying frames, which will result in a - better presentation. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}[shrink=5] - Some evil endless slide that is 5\% too large. -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - \item - \declare{|squeeze|} causes all vertical spaces in the text to be - squeezed together as much as possible. Currently, this just causes - the vertical space in enumerations or itemizations to be reduced - to zero. - - Using this option is not good, but also not evil. - \end{itemize} - - \lyxnote - Use the style ``BeginFrame'' to start a frame and the style - ``EndFrame'' to end it. A frame is automatically ended by the start - of a new frame and by the start of a new section or section (but - not by the end of the document!). - - \lyxnote - You can pass options and an overlay specification to a frame by - giving these in \TeX-mode as the first thing in the frame - title. (Some magic is performed to extract them in \LyX-mode from - there.) - - \lyxnote - The style ``BeginPlainFrame'' is included as a convenience. It - passes the |plain| option to the frame. To pass further options to a - plain frame, you should use the normal ``BeginFrame'' style and - specify all options (including |plain|). - - \lyxnote - In \LyX, you can insert verbatim text directly even in overlayed - frames. The reason is that \LyX\ uses a different internal mechanism - for typesetting verbatim text, that is easier to handle for \beamer. - - \articlenote - In |article| mode, the |frame| environment does not create any visual - reference to the original frame (no frame is drawn). Rather, the - frame text is inserted into the normal text. To change this, you can - modify the templates |frame begin| and |frame end|, see below. To - suppress a frame in |article| mode, you can, for example, specify - |<presentation>| as overlay specification. - - \begin{element}{frame begin}\yes\no\no - The text of this template is inserted at the beginning of each - frame in |article| mode (and only there). You can use it, say, to - start a |minipage| environment at the beginning of a frame or to - insert a horizontal bar or whatever. - \end{element} - - \begin{element}{frame end}\yes\no\no - The text of this template is inserted at the end of each - frame in |article| mode. - \end{element} -\end{environment} - -You \emph{can} use the |frame| environment inside other -environments like this -\begin{verbatim} -\newenvironment{slide}{\begin{frame}}{\end{frame}} -\end{verbatim} -or like this -\begin{verbatim} -\newenvironment{myframe}[1] - {\begin{frame}[fragile,environment=myframe]\frametitle{#1}} - {\end{frame}} -\end{verbatim} -However, the actual mechanics are somewhat sensitive since the -``collecting'' of the frame contents is not easy, so -do not attempt anything too fancy. As a rule, the beginning of the -environment can be pretty arbitrary, but the ending must end with -|\end{frame}| and should not contain any |\end{xxx}|. Anything really -complex is likely to fail. If you need some |\end{xxx}| there, define -a new command that contains this stuff as in the following example: -\begin{verbatim} -\newenvironment{itemizeframe} - {\begin{frame}\startitemizeframe} - {\stopitemizeframe\end{frame}} - -\newcommand\startitemizeframe{\begin{bfseries}\begin{itemize}} -\newcommand\stopitemizeframe{\end{itemize}\end{bfseries}} - -\begin{itemizeframe} -\item First item -\end{itemizeframe} - -\end{verbatim} - - - -\subsection{Components of a Frame} - -Each frame consists of several components: -\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt\parskip=0pt -\item a headline and a footline, -\item a left and a right sidebar, -\item navigation bars, -\item navigation symbols, -\item a logo, -\item a frame title, -\item a background, and -\item some frame contents. -\end{enumerate} - -A frame need not have all of these components. Usually, the first -three components are automatically setup by the theme you are using. - - -\subsubsection{The Headline and Footline} - -The headline of a frame is the area at the top of the frame. If it is -not empty, it should show some information that helps the audience -orientate itself during your talk. Likewise, the footline is the area -at the bottom of the frame. - -\beamer\ does not use the standard \LaTeX\ mechanisms for typesetting -the headline and the footline. Instead, the special |headline| and -|footline| templates are used to typeset them. - -The size of the headline and the footline is determined as follows: -Their width is always the paper width. Their height is determined by -tentatively typesetting the headline and the footline right after the -|\begin{document}| command. The head of the headline and the footline -at that point is ``frozen'' and will be used throughout the whole -document, even if the headline and footline vary in height later on -(which they should not). - -The appearance of the headline and footline is determined by the -following templates: - -\begin{element}{headline}\yes\yes\yes - This template is used to typeset the headline. The \beamer-color and - -font |headline| are installed at the beginning. The background of - the \beamer-color is not used by default, that is, no background - rectangle is drawn behind the headline and footline (this may change - in the future with the introduction of a headline and a footline - canvas). - - The width of the headline is the whole paper width. The height is - determined automatically as described above. The headline is typeset - in vertical mode with interline skip turned off and the paragraph - skip set to zero. - - Inside this template, the |\\| command is changed such that it - inserts a comma instead. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{headline} -{% - \begin{beamercolorbox}{section in head/foot} - \vskip2pt\insertnavigation{\paperwidth}\vskip2pt - \end{beamercolorbox}% -} -\end{verbatim} - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - The default is just an empty headline. To get the default headline - of earlier versions of the \beamer\ class, use the |compatibility| - theme. - \itemoption{infolines theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |infolines| - outer theme is loaded. The headline shows current section and subsection. - \itemoption{miniframes theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |miniframes| - outer theme is loaded. The headline shows the sections with small - clickable mini frames below them. - \itemoption{sidebar theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |sidebar| - outer theme is loaded and if the head height (and option of the - |sidebar| theme) is not zero. In this case, the headline is an - empty bar of the background color |frametitle| with the logo to - the left or right of this bar. - \itemoption{smoothtree theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |smoothtree| - outer theme is loaded. A ``smoothed'' navigation - tree is shown in the headline. - \itemoption{smoothbars theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |smoothbars| - outer theme is loaded. A ``smoothed'' version of the - |miniframes| headline is shown. - \itemoption{tree}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |tree| - outer theme is loaded. A navigational tree is shown in the headline. - \itemoption{split theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |split| - outer theme is loaded. The headline is split into a left part - showing the sections and a right part showing the subsections. - \itemoption{text line}{\marg{text}} - The headline is typeset more or less as if it were a normal text - line with the \meta{text} as contents. The left and right margin - are setup such that they are the same as the margins of normal - text. The \meta{text} is typeset inside an |\hbox|, while the - headline is normally typeset in vertical mode. - \end{templateoptions} - - Inside the template numerous inserts can be used: - \begin{itemize} - \iteminsert{\insertnavigation\marg{width}} - Inserts a horizontal navigation bar of the given \meta{width} into a - template. The bar lists the sections and below them mini frames for - each frame in that section. - - \iteminsert{\insertpagenumber} - Inserts the current page number into a template. - - \iteminsert{\insertsection} - Inserts the current section into a template. - - \iteminsert{\insertsectionnavigation}\marg{width} - Inserts a vertical navigation bar containing all sections, with the - current section hilighted. - - \iteminsert{\insertsectionnavigationhorizontal}\marg{width}\marg{left insert}\marg{right insert} - Inserts a horizontal navigation bar containing all sections, with - the current section hilighted. The \meta{left insert} will be - inserted to the left of the sections, the \marg{right insert} to the - right. By inserting a triple fill (a - |filll|) you can flush the bar to the left or right. - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\insertsectionnavigationhorizontal{.5\textwidth}{\hskip0pt plus1filll}{} -\end{verbatim} - - \iteminsert{\insertshortauthor}\oarg{options} - Inserts the short version of the author into a template. The text - will be printed in one long line, line breaks introduced using the - |\\| command are suppressed. The - following \meta{options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item - \declare{|width=|\meta{width}} - causes the text to be put into a multi-line minipage of the given - size. Line breaks are still suppressed by default. - \item - \declare{|center|} - centers the text inside the minipage created using the |width| - option, rather than having it left aligned. - \item - \declare{|respectlinebreaks|} - causes line breaks introduced by the |\\| command to be honored. - \end{itemize} - - \example |\insertauthor[width={3cm},center,respectlinebreaks]| - - \iteminsert{\insertshortdate}\oarg{options} - Inserts the short version of the date into a template. The same - options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given. - - \iteminsert{\insertshortinstitute}\oarg{options} - Inserts the short version of the institute into a template. The same - options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given. - - \iteminsert{\insertshortpart}\oarg{options} - Inserts the short version of the part name into a template. The same - options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given. - - \iteminsert{\insertshorttitle}\oarg{options} - Inserts the short version of the document title into a template. Same - options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given. - - \iteminsert{\insertshortsubtitle}\oarg{options} - Inserts the short version of the document subtitle. Same - options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsection} - Inserts the current subsection into a template. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsubsection} - Inserts the current subsection into a template. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionnavigation}\marg{width} - Inserts a vertical navigation bar containing all subsections of the - current section, with the current subsection hilighted. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionnavigationhorizontal}\marg{width}\marg{left - insert}\marg{right insert} - - See |\insertsectionnavigationhorizontal|. - - \iteminsert{\insertverticalnavigation}\marg{width} - Inserts a vertical navigation bar of the given \meta{width} into a - template. The bar shows a little table of contents. The individual - lines are typeset using the templates - |section in head/foot| and |subsection in head/foot|. - - \iteminsert{\insertframenumber} - Inserts the number of the current frame (not slide) into a template. - - \iteminsert{\inserttotalframenumber} - Inserts the total number of the frames (not slides) into a - template. The number is only correct on the second run of \TeX\ on - your document. - - \iteminsert{\insertframestartpage} - Inserts the page number of the first page of the current frame. - - \iteminsert{\insertframeendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the current frame. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionstartpage} - Inserts the page number of the first page of the current subsection. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the current subsection. - - \iteminsert{\insertsectionstartpage} - Inserts the page number of the first page of the current section. - - \iteminsert{\insertsectionendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the current section. - - \iteminsert{\insertpartstartpage} - Inserts the page number of the first page of the current part. - - \iteminsert{\insertpartendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the current part. - - \iteminsert{\insertpresentationstartpage} - Inserts the page number of the first page of the presentation. - - \iteminsert{\insertpresentationendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the presentation - (excluding the appendix). - - - \iteminsert{\insertappendixstartpage} - Inserts the page number of the first page of the appendix. If there - is no appendix, this number is the last page of the document. - - \iteminsert{\insertappendixendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the appendix. If there - is no appendix, this number is the last page of the document. - - \iteminsert{\insertdocumentstartpage} - Inserts 1. - - \iteminsert{\insertdocumentendpage} - Inserts the page number of the last page of the document (including - the appendix). - \end{itemize} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{footline}\yes\yes\yes - This template behaves exactly the same way as the headline. Note - that, sometimes quite annoyingly, \beamer\ currently adds a space of - 4pt between the bottom of the frame's text and the top of the - footline. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - The default is an empty footline. Note that the navigational - symbols are \emph{not} part of the footline by default. Rather, - they are part of an (invisible) right sidebar. - \itemoption{infolines theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |infolines| - outer theme is loaded. The footline shows things like the author's - name and the title of the talk. - \itemoption{miniframes theme}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |miniframes| - outer theme is loaded. Depending on the exact options that are - used when the |miniframes| theme is loaded, different things can - be shown in the footline. - \itemoption{page number}{} - Shows the current page number in the footline. - \itemoption{frame number}{} - Shows the current frame number in the footline. - \itemoption{split}{} - This option becomes available (and is used) if the |split| - outer theme is loaded. The footline (just like the headline) is - split into a left part showing the author's name and a right part - showing the talk's title. - \itemoption{text line}{\marg{text}} - The footline is typeset more or less as if it were a normal text - line with the \meta{text} as contents. The left and right margin - are setup such that they are the same as the margins of normal - text. The \meta{text} is typeset inside an |\hbox|, while the - headline is normally typeset in vertical mode. Using the |\strut| - command somewhere in such a line might be a good idea. - \end{templateoptions} - - The same inserts as for headlines can be used. - - \begin{element}{page number in head/foot}\no\yes\yes - These \beamer-color and -font are used to typeset the page number - or frame number in the footline. - \end{element} -\end{element} - - - - -\subsubsection{The Sidebars} - - -Sidebars are vertical areas that stretch from the lower end of the -headline to the top of the footline. There can be a sidebar at the -left and another one at the right (or even both). Sidebars can show a -table of contents, but they could also be added for purely aesthetic -reasons. - -When you install a sidebar template, you must explicitly specify the -horizontal size of the sidebar using the command |\setbeamesize| with -the option |sidebar left width| or |sidebar right width|. The vertical -size is determined automatically. Each sidebar has its own background -canvas, which can be setup using the sidebar canvas templates. - -Adding a sidebar of a certain size, say 1cm, will make the main text -1cm narrower. The distance between the inner side of a side -bar and the outer side of the text, as specified by -the command |\setbeamersize| with the option |text margin left| and -its counterpart for the right margin, is not changed when a sidebar is -installed. - -Internally, the sidebars are typeset by showing them as part of the -headline. The \beamer\ class keeps track of six dimensions, three -for each side: the variables |\beamer@leftsidebar| and -|\beamer@rightsidebar| store the (horizontal) sizes of the side -bars, the variables |\beamer@leftmargin| and -|\beamer@rightmargin| store the distance between sidebar and -text, and the macros |\Gm@lmargin| and |\Gm@rmargin| store -the distance from the edge of the paper to the edge of the text. Thus -the sum |\beamer@leftsidebar| and |\beamer@leftmargin| is -exactly |\Gm@lmargin|. Thus, if you wish to put some text right -next to the left sidebar, you might write -|\hskip-\beamer@leftmargin| to get there. - -\begin{element}{sidebar left}\yes\yes\yes - \colorfontparents{sidebar} - The template is used to typeset the left sidebar. As mentioned - above, the size of the left sidebar is set using the command -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamersize{sidebar width left=2cm} -\end{verbatim} - \beamer\ will not clip sidebars automatically if they are too - large. - - When the sidebar is typeset, it is put inside a |\vbox|. You should - currently setup things like the |\hsize| or the |\parskip| - yourself. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - installs an empty template. - \itemoption{sidebar theme}{} - This option is available if the outer theme |sidebar| is loaded - with the |left| option. In this case, this options is selected - automatically. It shows a mini table of contents in the sidebar. - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{sidebar right}\yes\yes\yes - \colorfontparents{sidebar} - This template works the same way as the template for the left. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - The default right sidebar has zero width. Nevertheless, it shows - navigational symbols and, if installed, a logo at the bottom of - the sidebar, protruding to the left into the text. - \itemoption{sidebar theme}{} - This option is available, if the outer theme |sidebar| is loaded - with the |left| option. In this case, this options is selected - automatically. It shows a mini table of contents in the sidebar. - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{sidebar canvas left}\yes\no\no - Like the overall background canvas, this canvas is drawn behind the - actual text of the sidebar. This template should normally insert a - rectangle of the size of the sidebar, though a too large height will - not lead to an error or warning. When this template is called, the - \beamer-color |sidebar left| will have been installed. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \item{default}{} - uses a large rectangle colored with |sidebar.bg| as the sidebar - canvas. However, if the background of |sidebar| is empty, nothing - is drawn and the canvas is ``transparent.'' - - \itemoption{vertical shading}{\oarg{color options}} - installs a vertically shaded background. The following - \meta{color options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item \declare{|top=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the - top of the sidebar. By default, 25\% of the foreground of the - \beamer-color |palette primary| is used. - \item \declare{|bottom=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the - bottom of the sidebar (more precisely, at a distance of the page - height below the top of the sidebar). By default, the background of - |normal text| at the moment of invocation of this command is - used. - \item \declare{|middle=|\meta{color}} specifies the color - for the middle of the sidebar. Thus, if this option is given, the - shading changes from the bottom color to this color and then - to the top color. - \item \declare{|midpoint=|\meta{factor}} specifies at which - point of the page the middle color is used. A factor of |0| is - the bottom of the page, a factor of |1| is the top. The - default, which is |0.5|, is in the middle. - \end{itemize} - Note that you must give ``real'' \LaTeX\ colors here. This often - makes it necessary to invoke the command |\usebeamercolor| before - this command can be used. - - Also note, that the width of the sidebar should be setup before - this option is used. - - \example A stylish, but not very useful shading: -\begin{verbatim} -{\usebeamercolor{palette primary}} -\setbeamertemplate{sidebar canvas}[vertical shading] -[top=palette primary.bg,middle=white,bottom=palette primary.bg] -\end{verbatim} - - \itemoption{horizontal shading}{\oarg{color options}} - installs a horizontally shaded background. The following - \meta{color options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item \declare{|left=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the - left of the sidebar. - \item \declare{|right=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the - right of the sidebar. - \item \declare{|middle=|\meta{color}} specifies the color - in the middle of the sidebar. - \item \declare{|midpoint=|\meta{factor}} specifies at which - point of the sidebar the middle color is used. A factor of |0| is - the left of the sidebar, a factor of |1| is the right. The - default, which is |0.5|, is in the middle. - \end{itemize} - - \example Adds two ``pillars'' -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamersize{sidebar width left=0.5cm,sidebar width right=0.5cm} - -{\usebeamercolor{sidebar}} - -\setbeamertemplate{sidebar canvas left}[horizontal shading] -[left=white,middle=sidebar.bg,right=white] -\setbeamertemplate{sidebar canvas right}[horizontal shading] -[left=white,middle=sidebar.bg,right=white] -\end{verbatim} - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{sidebar canvas right}\yes\no\no - Works exactly as for the left side. -\end{element} - - - -\subsubsection{Navigation Bars} -\label{section-navigation-bars} - -Many themes install a headline or a sidebar that shows a -\emph{navigation bar}. Although these navigation bars take up quite -a bit of space, they are often useful for two reasons: - -\begin{itemize} -\item - They provide the audience with a visual feedback of how much of your - talk you have covered and what is yet to come. Without such - feedback, an audience will often puzzle whether something you are - currently introducing will be explained in more detail later on or - not. -\item - You can click on all parts of the navigation bar. This will directly - ``jump'' you to the part you have clicked on. This is particularly - useful to skip certain parts of your talk and during a ``question - session,'' when you wish to jump back to a particular frame someone - has asked about. -\end{itemize} - -Some navigation bars can be ``compressed'' using the following option: - -\begin{classoption}{compress} - Tries to make all navigation bars as small as possible. For example, - all small frame representations in the navigation bars for a single - section are shown alongside each other. Normally, the representations - for different subsections are shown in different lines. Furthermore, - section and subsection navigations are compressed into one line. -\end{classoption} - - - -Some themes use the |\insertnavigation| to insert a navigation bar -into the headline. Inside this bar, small icons are shown (called -``mini frames'') that represent the frames of a presentation. -When you click on such an icon, the -following happens: -\begin{itemize} -\item - If you click on (the icon of) any frame other than the current frame, the - presentation will jump to the first slide of the frame you clicked - on. -\item - If you click on the current frame and you are not on the last slide - of this frame, you will jump to the last slide of the frame. -\item - If you click on the current frame and you are on the last slide, you - will jump to the first slide of the frame. -\end{itemize} -By the above rules you can: -\begin{itemize} -\item - Jump to the beginning of a frame from somewhere else by clicking on - it once. -\item - Jump to the end of a frame from somewhere else by clicking on it - twice. -\item - Skip the rest of the current frame by clicking on it once. -\end{itemize} - -I also tried making a jump to an already-visited frame jump -automatically to the last slide of this frame. However, this turned -out to be more confusing than helpful. With the current implementation -a double-click always brings you to the end of a slide, regardless -from where you ``come.'' - -\begin{element}{mini frames}\semiyes\no\no - This parent template has the children |mini frame| and - |mini frame in current subsection|. - - \example |\setbeamertemplate{mini frames}[box]| - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - shows small circles as mini frames. - \itemoption{box}{} - shows small rectangles as mini frames. - \itemoption{tick}{} - shows small vertical bars as mini frames. - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{mini frame}\yes\yes\yes - The template is used to render the mini frame of the current frame - in a navigation bar. - - The width of the template is ignored. Instead, when multiple mini - frames are shown, their position is calculated based on the - \beamer-sizes |mini frame size| and |mini frame offset|. See the - command |\setbeamersize| for a description of how to change them. -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{mini frame in current subsection}\yes\no\no - This template is used to render the mini frame of frames in the - current subsection that are not the current frame. The - \beamer-color/-font |mini frame| is installed prior to the usage of - this template is invoked. -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{mini frame in other subsection}\yes\no\no - This template is used to render mini frames of frame from - subsections other than the current one. - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}} - By default, this template shows |mini frame in current subsection|, except that the color is first - changed to |fg!|\meta{percentage}|!bg|. The default - \meta{percentage} is 50\%. - - \example To get an extremely ``shaded'' rendering of the frames - outside the current subsection you can use the following: -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][20] -\end{verbatim} - - \example To render all mini frames other than the current one in - the same way, use -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][100] -\end{verbatim} - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - - - -Some themes show sections and/or subsections in the navigation bars. -By clicking on a section or subsection in the navigation bar, you will -jump to that section. Clicking on a section is particularly useful if -the section starts with a |\tableofcontents[currentsection]|, since you -can use it to jump to the different subsections. - -\begin{element}{section in head/foot}\yes\yes\yes - This template is used to render a section entry if it occurs in the - headline or the footline. The background of the \beamer-color is - typically used as the background of the whole ``area'' where section - entries are shown in the headline. You cannot usually use this - template yourself since the insert |\insertsectionhead| is setup - correctly only when a list of sections is being typeset in the - headline. - - The default template just inserts the section name. The following - inserts are useful for this template: - \begin{itemize} - \iteminsert{\insertsectionhead} - inserts the name of the section that is to be typeset in a - navigation bar. - - \iteminsert{\insertsectionheadnumber} - inserts the number of the section that is to be typeset in a - navigation bar. - - \iteminsert{\insertpartheadnumber} - inserts the number of the part of the current section or subsection - that is to be typeset in a navigation bar. - \end{itemize} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{section in head/foot shaded}\yes\no\no - This template is used instead of |section in head/foot| for - typesetting sections that are currently shaded. Such shading is - usually applied to all sections but the current one. - - Note that this template does \emph{not} have its own color and - font. When this template is called, the \beamer-font and color - |section in head/foot| will have been setup. Then, at the start of - the template, you will typically change the current color or start a - |colormixin| environment. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}} - The default template changes the current color to - |fg!|\meta{percentage}|!bg|. This causes the current color to - become ``washed out'' or ``shaded.'' The default percentage is - |50|. - - \example You can use the following command to make the shaded - entries very ``light'': -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{section in head/foot shaded}[default][20] -\end{verbatim} - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - - - -\begin{element}{section in sidebar}\yes\yes\yes - This template is used to render a section entry if it occurs in the - sidebar, typically as part of a mini table of contents shown - there. The background of the \beamer-color is used as background for - the entry. Just like |section in head/foot|, you cannot usually use - this template yourself and you should also use |\insertsectionhead| - to insert the name of the section that is to be typeset. - - For once, no default is installed for this template. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{sidebar theme}{} - This template, which is only available if the |sidebar| outer - theme is loaded, inserts a bar with the \beamer-color's - foreground and background that shows the section name. The width of - the bar is the same as the width of the whole sidebar. - \end{templateoptions} - - The same inserts as for |section in head/foot| can be used. -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{section in sidebar shaded}\yes\yes\no - This template is used instead of |section in sidebar| for - typesetting sections that are currently shaded. Such shading is - usually applied to all sections but the current one. - - Differently from |section in head/foot shaded|, this template - \emph{has} its own \beamer-color. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{sidebar theme}{} - Does the same as for the nonshaded version, except that a - different \beamer-color is used. - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - - -\begin{element}{subsection in head/foot}\yes\yes\yes - This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot|, only for - subsections. - \begin{itemize} - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionhead} - works like |\insertsectionhead|. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionheadnumber} - works like |\insertsectionheadnumber|. - \end{itemize} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsection in head/foot shaded}\yes\no\no - This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot shaded|, - only for subsections. - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}} - works like the corresponding option for sections. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{section in head/foot shaded}[default][20] -\setbeamertemplate{subsection in head/foot shaded}[default][20] -\end{verbatim} - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsection in sidebar}\yes\yes\yes - This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar|, only for - subsections. -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsection in sidebar shaded}\yes\no\no - This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar shaded|, - only for subsections. -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsubsection in head/foot}\yes\yes\yes - This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot|, only for - subsubsections. Currently, it is not used by the default themes. - \begin{itemize} - \iteminsert{\insertsubsubsectionhead} - works like |\insertsectionhead|. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsubsectionheadnumber} - works like |\insertsectionheadnumber|. - \end{itemize} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsubsection in head/foot shaded}\yes\no\no - This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot shaded|, - only for subsubsections. - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}} - works like the corresponding option for sections. - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsubsection in sidebar}\yes\yes\yes - This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar|, only for - subsubsections. -\end{element} - -\begin{element}{subsubsection in sidebar shaded}\yes\no\no - This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar shaded|, - only for subsubsections. -\end{element} - -By clicking on the document title in a navigation bar (not all themes -show it), you will jump to the first slide of your presentation -(usually the title page) \emph{except} if you are already at the first -slide. On the first slide, clicking on the document title will jump to -the end of the presentation, if there is one. Thus by \emph{double} -clicking the document title in a navigation bar, you can jump to the end. - - - -\subsubsection{The Navigation Symbols} -\label{section-navigation-symbols} - - -Navigation symbols are small icons that are shown on every slide -by default. The following symbols are shown: -\begin{enumerate} -\item - A slide icon, which is depicted as a single rectangle. To the left and - right of this symbol, a left and right arrow are shown. -\item - A frame icon, which is depicted as three slide icons ``stacked on top of - each other''. This symbol is framed by arrows. -\item - A subsection icon, which is depicted as a highlighted subsection - entry in a table of contents. This symbols is framed by arrows. -\item - A section icon, which is depicted as a highlighted section entry - (together with all subsections) in a table of contents. This symbol - is framed by arrows. -\item - A presentation icon, which is depicted as a completely highlighted - table of contents. -\item - An appendix icon, which is depicted as a completely highlighted - table of contents consisting of only one section. (This icon is only - shown if there is an appendix.) -\item - Back and forward icons, depicted as circular arrows. -\item - A ``search'' or ``find'' icon, depicted as a detective's - magnifying glass. -\end{enumerate} - -Clicking on the left arrow next to an icon always jumps to (the -last slide of) the previous slide, frame, subsection, or -section. Clicking on the right arrow next to an icon always jump to -(the first slide of) the next slide, frame, subsection, or section. - -Clicking \emph{on} any of these icons has different effects: -\begin{enumerate} -\item - If supported by the viewer application, clicking on a slide icon - pops up a window that allows you to enter a slide number to which - you wish to jump. -\item - Clicking on the left side of a frame icon will jump to the first - slide of the frame, clicking on the right side will jump to the last - slide of the frame (this can be useful for skipping overlays). -\item - Clicking on the left side of a subsection icon will jump to the - first slide of the subsection, clicking on the right side will jump - to the last slide of the subsection. -\item - Clicking on the left side of a section icon will jump to the - first slide of the section, clicking on the right side will jump - to the last slide of the section. -\item - Clicking on the left side of the presentation icon will jump to the - first slide, clicking on the right side will jump to the last slide - of the presentation. However, this does \emph{not} include the - appendix. -\item - Clicking on the left side of the appendix icon will jump to the - first slide of the appendix, clicking on the right side will jump to - the last slide of the appendix. -\item - If supported by the viewer application, clicking on the back and - forward symbols jumps to the previously visited slides. -\item - If supported by the viewer application, clicking on the search icon - pops up a window that allows you to enter a search string. If found, - the viewer application will jump to this string. -\end{enumerate} - -You can reduce the number of icons that are shown or their layout by -adjusting the |navigation symbols| template. - -\begin{element}{navigation symbols}\yes\yes\yes - This template is invoked in ``three-star-mode'' by themes - at the place where the navigation symbols should be - shown. ``Three-star-mode'' means that the command - |\usebeamertemplate***| is used. - - Note that, although it may \emph{look} like that the symbols are part of - the footline, they are more often part of an invisible right - sidebar. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - Organizes the navigation symbols horizontally. - \itemoption{horizontal}{} - This is an alias for the default. - \itemoption{vertical}{} - Organizes the navigation symbols vertically. - \itemoption{only frame symbol}{} - Shows only the navigational symbol for navigating frames. - \end{templateoptions} - - \example The following command suppresses all navigation symbols: -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} -\end{verbatim} - - Inside this template, the following inserts are useful: - \begin{itemize} - \iteminsert{\insertslidenavigationsymbol} - Inserts the slide navigation symbols, that is, the slide symbols - (a rectangle) together with arrows to the left and right that are - hyperlinked. - - \iteminsert{\insertframenavigationsymbol} - Inserts the frame navigation symbol. - - \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionnavigationsymbol} - Inserts the subsection navigation symbol. - - \iteminsert{\insertsectionnavigationsymbol} - Inserts the section navigation symbol. - - \iteminsert{\insertdocnavigationsymbol} - Inserts the presentation navigation symbol and (if necessary) the - appendix navigation symbol. - - \iteminsert{\insertbackfindforwardnavigationsymbol} - Inserts a back, a find, and a forward navigation symbol. - \end{itemize} -\end{element} - - - - - - -\subsubsection{The Logo} - -To install a logo, use the following command: - -\begin{command}{\logo\marg{logo text}} - The \meta{logo text} is usually a command for including a graphic, - but it can be any text. The position where the logo is inserted is - determined by the current theme, you cannot (currently) specify this - position directly. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{logo}{tu-logo} -\logo{\pgfuseimage{logo}} -\end{verbatim} - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\logo{\includegraphics[height=0.5cm]{logo.pdf}} -\end{verbatim} - - Currently, the effect of this command is just to setup the |logo| - template. However, a more sophisticated effect might be implemented - in the future. - - \articlenote This command has no effect. - - \begin{element}{logo}\yes\yes\yes - This template is used to render the logo. - \end{element} - - The following insert can be used to insert a logo somewhere: - \begin{itemize} - \iteminsert{\insertlogo} - inserts the logo at the current position. This command has the - same effect as |\usebeamertemplate*{logo}|. - \end{itemize} -\end{command} - - -\subsubsection{The Frame Title} - -The frame title is shown prominently at the top of the frame and can -be specified with the following command: - -\begin{command}{\frametitle\sarg{overlay specification}\oarg{short - frame title}\marg{frame title text}} - You should end the \meta{frame title text} with a period, if the title is a - proper sentence. Otherwise, there should not be a period. The - \meta{short frame title} is normally not shown, but its available - via the |\insertshortframetitle| command. The \meta{overlay - specification} is mostly useful for suppressing the frame title in - |article| mode. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame} - \frametitle{A Frame Title is Important.} - \framesubtitle{Subtitles are not so important.} - - Frame contents. -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - - If you are using the |allowframebreaks| option with the current frame, - a continuation text (like ``(cont.)'' or something similar, - depending on the template |frametitle continuation|) is - automatically added to the \meta{frame title text} at the end, - separated with a space. - - \beamernote - The frame title is not typeset immediately when the command - |\frametitle| is encountered. Rather, the argument of the command is - stored internally and the frame title is only typeset when the - complete frame has been read. This gives you access to both the - \meta{frame title text} and to the \meta{subframe title text} that - is possibly introduced using the |\framesubtitle| command. - - \articlenote - By default, this command creates a new paragraph in |article| mode, - entitled \meta{frame title text}. Using the \meta{overlay - specification} makes it easy to suppress the a frame title once in - a while. If you generally wish to suppress \emph{all} frame - titles in |article| mode, say |\setbeamertemplate<article>{frametitle}{}|. - - \lyxnote - The frame title is the text that follows on the line of the - ``BeginFrame'' style. - - \begin{element}{frametitle}\yes\yes\yes - \colorfontparents{titlelike} - - When the frame title and subtitle are to be typeset, this template - is invoked with the \beamer-color and -font |frametitle| set. This - template is \emph{not} invoked when the commands |\frametitle| or - |\framesubtitle| are called. Rather, it is invoked when the whole - frame has been completely read. Till then, the frame title and frame - subtitle text are stored in a special place. This way, when the - template is invoked, both inserts are setup correctly. The resulting - \TeX-box is then magically put back to the top of the frame. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{\oarg{alignment}} - The frame is typeset using the \beamer-color |frametitle| and the - \beamer-font |frametitle|. The subtitle is put below using the - color and font |framesubtitle|. If the color |frametitle| has a - background, a background bar stretching the whole frame width is put - behind the title. A background color of the subtitle is ignored. The - \meta{alignment} is passed on to the |beamercolorbox| - environment. In particular, useful options are |left|, |center|, and - |right|. As a special case, the |right| option causes the left - border of the frame title to be somewhat larger than normal so that - the frame title is more in the middle of the frame. - - \itemoption{shadow theme}{} - This option is available if the outer theme |shadow| is - loaded. It draws the frame title on top of a horizontal shading - between the background colors of |frametitle| and - |frametitle right|. A subtitle is, if present, also put on this - bar. Below the bar, a ``shadow'' is drawn. - - \itemoption{sidebar theme}{} - This option is available if the outer theme |sidebar| is loaded - and if the headline height is not set to 0pt (which can be done - using and option of the |sidebar| theme). With this option, the - frame title is put inside a rectangular area that is part of the - headline (some ``negative space'' is used to raise the frame title - into this area). The background of the color |frametitle| is not - used, this is the job of the headline template in this case. - - \itemoption{smoothbars theme}{} - This option is available if the outer theme |smoothbars| is - loaded. It typesets the frametitle on a colored bar with the - background color of |frametitle|. The top and bottom of the bar - smoothly blend over to backgrounds above and below. - - \itemoption{smoothtree theme}{} - Like |smoothbars theme|, only for the |smoothtree| theme. - \end{templateoptions} - - The following commands are useful for this template: - \begin{templateinserts} - \iteminsert{\insertframetitle} yields the frame title. - \iteminsert{\insertframesubtitle} yields the frame subtitle. - \end{templateinserts} - \end{element} -\end{command} - - -\begin{command}{\framesubtitle\sarg{overlay specification}\marg{frame - subtitle text}} - If present, a subtitle will be shown in a smaller font below the - main title. Like the |\frametitle| command, this command can be - given anywhere in the frame, since the frame title is actually - typeset only when everything else has already been typeset. - - \example -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame} - \frametitle<presentation>{Frame Title Should Be in Uppercase.} - \framesubtitle{Subtitles can be in lowercase if they are full sentences.} - - Frame contents. -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} - - \articlenote - By default, the subtitle is not shown in any way in |article| mode. - - \begin{element}{framesubtitle}\no\yes\yes - \colorfontparents{frametitle} - This element provides a color and a font for the subtitle, but no - template. It is the job of the |frametitle| template to also - typeset the subtitle. - \end{element} -\end{command} - -Be default, all material for a slide is vertically centered. You can -change this using the following class options: - -\begin{classoption}{t} - Place text of slides at the (vertical) top of the slides. This - corresponds to a vertical ``flush.'' You can override this for - individual frames using the |c| or |b| option. -\end{classoption} - -\begin{classoption}{c} - Place text of slides at the (vertical) center of the slides. This is - the default. You can override this for - individual frames using the |t| or |b| option. -\end{classoption} - - -\subsubsection{The Background} -\label{section-canvas} -\label{section-background} - -Each frame has a \emph{background}, which---as the name suggests---is -``behind everything.'' The background is a surprisingly complex -object: in \beamer, it consists of a \emph{background canvas} and the -\emph{main background}. - -The background canvas can be imagined as a large area on which -everything (the main background and everything else) is painted on. By -default, this canvas is a big rectangle filling the whole frame whose -color is the background of the \beamer-color -|background canvas|. Since this color inherits from |normal text|, by -changing the background color of the normal text, you can change this -color of the canvas. - -\example The following command changes the background color to a light -red. -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=red!20} -\end{verbatim} - -The canvas need not be monochrome. Instead, you can install a shading -or even make it transparent. Making it transparent is a good idea if -you wish to include your slides in some other document. - -\example The following command makes the background canvas transparent: -\begin{verbatim} -\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=} -\end{verbatim} - -\begin{element}{background canvas}\yes\yes\yes - \colorparents{normal text} - The template is inserted ``behind everything.'' The template should - typically be some \TeX\ commands that produce a rectangle of height - |\paperheight| and width |\paperwidth|. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} - installs a large rectangle with the background color. If the - background is empty, the canvas is ``transparent.'' Since - |background canvas| inherits from |normal text|, you can change the - background of the \beamer-color |normal text| to change the - color of the default canvas. However, to make the canvas - transparent, only set the background of the canvas empty; leave - the background of normal text white. - - \itemoption{vertical shading}{\oarg{color options}} - installs a vertically shaded background. \emph{Use with care: - Background shadings are often distracting!} The following - \meta{color options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item \declare{|top=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the - top of the page. By default, 25\% of the foreground of the - \beamer-color |palette primary| is used. - \item \declare{|bottom=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the - bottom of the page. By default, the background of - |normal text| at the moment of invocation of this command is - used. - \item \declare{|middle=|\meta{color}} specifies the color - for the middle of the page. Thus, if this option is given, the - shading changes from the bottom color to this color and then - to the top color. - \item \declare{|midpoint=|\meta{factor}} specifies at which - point of the page the middle color is used. A factor of |0| is - the bottom of the page, a factor of |1| is the top. The - default, which is |0.5| is in the middle. - \end{itemize} - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - -The main background is drawn on top of the background canvas. It can -be used to add, say, a grid to every frame or a big background picture -or whatever. - -\begin{element}{background}\yes\yes\yes - \colorparents{background canvas} - The template is inserted ``behind everything, but on top of the - background canvas.'' Use it for pictures or grids or anything that - does not necessarily fill the whole background. When this template - is typeset, the \beamer-color and -font |background| will be - setup. - - \begin{templateoptions} - \itemoption{default}{} is empty. - - \itemoption{grid}{\oarg{grid options}} - places a grid on the background. The following - \meta{grid options} may be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item \declare{|step=|\meta{dimension}} specifies the distance - between grid lines. The default is 0.5cm. - \item \declare{|color=|\meta{color}} specifies the color of the - grid lines. The default is 10\% foreground. - \end{itemize} - \end{templateoptions} -\end{element} - - - - -\subsection{Margin Sizes} - -The ``paper size'' of a \beamer\ presentation is fixed to 128mm times -96mm. The aspect ratio of this size is 4:3, which is exactly what most -beamers offer these days. It is the job of the -presentation program (like |acroread| or |xpdf|) to display the slides -at full screen size. The main advantage of using a small ``paper size'' -is that you can use all your normal fonts at their natural sizes. In -particular, inserting a graphic with 11pt labels will result in -reasonably sized labels during the presentation. - -You should refrain from changing the ``paper size.'' However, you -\emph{can} change the size of the left and right margins, which -default to 1cm. To change them, you should use the following -command: - -\begin{command}{\setbeamersize\marg{options}} - The following \meta{options} can be given: - \begin{itemize} - \item - \declare{|text margin left=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets a new left - margin. This excludes the left sidebar. Thus, it is the distance - between the right edge of the left sidebar and the left edge of - the text. - \item - \declare{|text margin right=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets a new right - margin. - \item - \declare{|sidebar width left=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the - size of the left sidebar. Currently, this command should be given - \emph{before} a shading is installed for the sidebar canvas. - \item - \declare{|sidebar width right=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the - size of the right sidebar. - \item - \declare{|description width=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the - default width of description labels, see - Section~\ref{section-descriptions}. - \item - \declare{|description width of=|\meta{text}} sets the - default width of description labels to the width of the - \meta{text}, see Section~\ref{section-descriptions}. - \item - \declare{|mini frame size=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the size - of mini frames in a navigation bar. When two mini frame icons are - shown alongside each other, their left end points are \meta{\TeX\ - dimension} far apart. - \item - \declare{|mini frame offset=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} set an - additional vertical offset that is added to the mini frame size - when arranging mini frames vertically. - \end{itemize} - - \articlenote - This command has no effect in |article| mode. -\end{command} - - - -\subsection{Restricting the Slides of a Frame} -\label{section-restriction} - -The number of slides in a frame is automatically -calculated. If the largest number mentioned in any -overlay specification inside the frame is 4, four slides are -introduced (despite the fact that a specification like |<4->| -might suggest that more than four slides would be possible). - -You can also specify the number of slides in the frame ``by hand.'' To -do so, you pass an overlay specification the |\frame| command. The -frame will contain only the slides specified in this -argument. Consider the following example. - -\begin{verbatim} -\begin{frame}<1-2,4-> - This is slide number \only<1>{1}\only<2>{2}\only<3>{3}% - \only<4>{4}\only<5>{5}. -\end{frame} -\end{verbatim} -This command will create a frame containing four slides. The first -will contain the text ``This is slide number~1,'' the second ``This is -slide number~2,'' the third ``This is slide number~4,'' and the fourth -``This is slide number~5.'' - -A useful specification is just |<0>|, which causes the frame to -have to no slides at all. For example, |\begin{frame}<handout:0>| causes -the frame to be suppressed in the handout version, but to be shown -normally in all other versions. Another useful specification is -|<beamer>|, which causes the frame to be shown normally in |beamer| -mode, but to be suppressed in all other versions. - - - - - - - - -%%% Local Variables: -%%% mode: latex -%%% TeX-master: "beameruserguide" -%%% End: |