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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-11-01 23:50:14 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-11-01 23:50:14 +0000
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tree10af70bab7eedf89d55be20d1a3b9c334ad80ea3 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/beamer/beamerug-frames.tex
parent8cdb9ebeb89ec677972e7a568938c6a0dd313145 (diff)
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-% $Header: /cvsroot/latex-beamer/latex-beamer/doc/beamerug-frames.tex,v 1.29 2005/04/18 16:33:59 tantau Exp $
-
-% Copyright 2003, 2004 by Till Tantau <tantau@users.sourceforge.net>.
-%
-% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms
-% of the GNU Public License, version 2.
-
-\section{Creating Frames}
-
-\label{section-frames}
-
-\subsection{The Frame Environment}
-
-A presentation consists of a series of frames. Each frame consists of
-a series of slides. You create a frame using the command
-|\frame| or the environment |frame|, which do the same. The command
-takes one parameter, namely the contents of the frame. All of the
-text that is not tagged by overlay specifications is shown on all
-slides of the frame. (Overlay specifications are explained
-in more detail in later sections. For the moment, let's just say
-that an overlay specification is a list of numbers or number ranges in
-pointed brackets that is put after certain commands as in
-|\uncover<1,2>{Text}|.) If a frame contains commands that have an
-overlay specification, the frame will contain multiple slides;
-otherwise it contains only one slide.
-
-\begin{environment}{{frame}\sarg{overlay specification}%
- \opt{|[<|\meta{default overlay specification}|>]|}\oarg{options}\opt{\marg{title}\marg{subtitle}}}
- The \meta{overlay specification} dictates which slides of a frame are
- to be shown. If left out, the number is calculated automatically.
- The \meta{environment contents} can be normal \LaTeX\ text, but may not contain
- |\verb| commands or |verbatim| environments or any environment that
- changes the character codes, unless the |fragile| options
- is given.
-
- The optional \meta{title} is detected by an opening brace, that is,
- if the first thing in the frame is an opening brace then it is
- assumed that a frame title follows. Likewise, the optional
- \meta{subtitle} is detected the same way, that is, by an opening
- brace following the \meta{title}. The title and subtitle can also be
- given using the |\frametitle| and |\framesubtitle| commands.
-
- The normal \LaTeX\ command |\frame| is available \emph{inside}
- frames with its usual meaning. Both outside and inside frames it is
- always available as {\color{red!75!black}|\framelatex|}.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}{A title}
- Some content.
-\end{frame}
-%% Same effect:
-\begin{frame}
- \frametitle{A title}
- Some content.
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}<beamer>{Outline} % frame is only shown in beamer mode
- \tabelofcontent[current]
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- Normally, the complete \meta{environment contents} is put on a slide. If
- the text does not fit on a slide, being too high, it will be
- squeezed as much as possible, a warning will be issued, and the text
- just extends unpleasantly over the bottom. You can use the option
- |allowframebreaks| to cause the \meta{frame text} to be split among several
- slides, though you cannot use overlays then. See the explanation of
- the |allowframebreaks| option for details.
-
- The \meta{default overlay specification} is an optional argument
- that is ``detected'' according to the following rule: If the first
- optional argument in square brackets starts with a |<|, then this
- argument is a \meta{default overlay specification}, otherwise it is
- a normal \meta{options} argument. Thus |\begin{frame}[<+->][plain]| would
- be legal, but also |\begin{frame}[plain]|.
-
- The effect of the \meta{default overlay specification} is the
- following: Every command or environment \emph{inside the frame} that
- accepts an action specification, see
- Section~\ref{section-action-specifications}, (this includes the
- |\item| command, the |actionenv| environment, |\action|, and all
- block environments) and that is not followed by
- an overlay specification gets the \meta{default overlay
- specification} as its specification. By providing an incremental
- specification like |<+->|, see Section~\ref{section-incremental},
- this will essentially cause all blocks and all enumerations to be
- uncovered piece-wise (blocks internally employ action
- specifications).
-
- \example In this frame, the theorem is shown from the first slide
- on, the proof from the second slide on, with the first two itemize
- points shown one after the other; the last itemize point is shown
- together with the first one. In total, this frame will contain four
- slides.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}[<+->]
- \begin{theorem}
- $A = B$.
- \end{theorem}
- \begin{proof}
- \begin{itemize}
- \item Clearly, $A = C$.
- \item As shown earlier, $C = B$.
- \item<3-> Thus $A = B$.
- \end{itemize}
- \end{proof}
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- The following \meta{options} may be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- \declare{|allowdisplaybreaks|}\opt{|=|\meta{break
- desirability}} causes the AMS\TeX\ command
- |\allowdisplaybreaks|\penalty0|[|\meta{break desirability}|]| to be issued
- for the current frame. The \meta{break desirability} can be a
- value between 0 (meaning formulas may never be broken) and 4 (the
- default, meaning that formulas can be broken anywhere without any
- penalty). The option is just a convenience and makes sense only
- together with the |allowsframebreaks| option.
- \item
- \declare{|allowframebreaks|}\opt{|=|\meta{fraction}}. When this option is
- given, the frame will be automatically broken up into several
- frames if the text does not fit on a single slide. In detail, when this
- option is given, the following things happen:
- \begin{enumerate}
- \item
- Overlays are not supported.
- \item
- Any notes for the frame created using the |\note| command will
- be inserted after the first page of the frame.
- \item
- Any footnotes for the frame will be inserted on the last page of
- the frame.
- \item
- If there is a frame title, each of the pages will have this
- frame title, with a special note added indicating which page of
- the frame that page is. By default, this special note is a
- Roman number. However, this can be changed using the following
- template.
- \begin{element}{frametitle continuation}\yes\yes\yes
- The text of this template is inserted at the end of every
- title of a frame with the |allowframebreaks| option set.
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- Installs a Roman number as the template. The number
- indicates the current page of the frame.
-
- \itemoption{roman}{}
- Alias for the default.
-
- \itemoption{from second}{\oarg{text}}
- Installs a template that inserts \meta{text} from the second
- page of a frame on. By default, the text inserted is
- |\insertcontinuationtext|, which in turn is |(cont.)| by
- default.
- \end{templateoptions}
- The following inserts are available:
- \begin{templateinserts}
- \iteminsert{\insertcontinuationcount}
- inserts the current page of the frame as an arabic number.
- \iteminsert{\insertcontinuationcountroman}
- inserts the current page of the frame as an (uppercase)
- Roman number.
- \iteminsert{\insertcontinuationtext}
- just inserts the text |(cont.)| or, possibly, a translation
- thereof (like |(Forts.)| in German).
- \end{templateinserts}
- \end{element}
- \end{enumerate}
- If a frame needs to be broken into several pages, the material on
- all but the last page fills only 95\% of each page by
- default. Thus, there will be some space left at the top and/or
- bottom, depending on the vertical placement option for the
- frame. This yields a better visual result than a 100\% filling,
- which typically looks crowded. However, you can change this
- percentage using the optional argument \meta{fraction}, where 1
- means 100\% and 0.5 means 50\%. This percentage includes
- the frame title. Thus, in order to split a frame ``roughly in
- half,'' you should give 0.6 as \meta{fraction}.
-
- Most of the fine details of normal \TeX\ page breaking also apply
- to this option. For example, when you wish equations to be broken
- automatically, be sure to use the |\allowdisplaybreaks|
- command. You can insert |\break|, |\nobreak|, and |\penalty|
- commands to control where breaks should occur. The commands
- |\pagebreak| and |\nopagebreak| also work, including their
- options. Since you typically do not want page breaks for the frame
- to apply also to the |article| mode, you can add a mode
- specification like |<presentation>| to make these commands apply
- only to the presentation modes. The command
- \declare{|\string\framebreak|} is a shorthand for
- |\pagebreak<presentation>| and \declare{|\string\noframebreak|} is
- a shorthand for |\nopagebreak<presentation>|.
-
- The use of this option \emph{evil}. In a (good) presentation you
- prepare each slide carefully and think twice before putting something
- on a certain slide rather than on some different slide. Using the
- |allowframebreaks| option invites the creation of horrible, endless
- presentations that resemble more a ``paper projected on the wall''
- than a presentation. Nevertheless, the option does have its
- uses. Most noticeably, it can be convenient for automatically
- splitting bibliographies or long equations.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{References}
- \begin{thebibliography}{XX}
-
- \bibitem...
- \bibitem...
- ...
- \bibitem...
- \end{thebibliography}
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks,allowdisplaybreaks]{A Long Equation}
- \begin{align}
- \zeta(2) &= 1 + 1/4 + 1/9 + \cdots \\
- &= ... \\
- ...
- &= \pi^2/6.
- \end{align}
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
- \item
- \declare{|b|}, \declare{|c|}, \declare{|t|} will cause the frame
- to be vertically aligned at the bottom/center/top. This overrides
- the global placement policy, which is governed by the class
- options |t| and |c|.
- \item
- \declare{|fragile|\opt{|=singleslide|}} tells \beamer\
- that the frame contents is ``fragile.'' This means that the frame
- contains text that is not ``interpreted as usual.'' For example,
- this applies to verbatim text, which is, obviously, interpreted
- somewhat differently from normal text.
-
- If a frame contains fragile text, different internal mechanisms
- are used to typeset the frame to ensure that inside the frame the
- character codes can be reset. The price of switching to another
- internal mechanism is that either you cannot use overlays or an
- external file needs to be written and read back (which is not
- always desirable).
-
- In detail, the following happens when this option is given for
- normal (pdf)\LaTeX: The contents of the frame is scanned and then
- written to a special file named \meta{jobname}|.vrb| or, if a
- label has been assigned to the frame,
- \meta{jobname}|.|\meta{current frame number}|.vrb|. Then, the
- frame is started anew and the content of this file is read
- back. Since, upon reading of a file, the character codes can be
- modified, this allows you to use both verbatim text and overlays.
-
- To determine the end of the frame, the following rule is used: The
- first occurence of a single line containing exactly
- |\end{|\meta{frame environment name}|}| ends the frame. The
- \meta{environment name} normally |frame|, but it can be changed
- using the |environment| option. This special rule is needed since
- the frame contents is, after all, not interpreted when it is
- gathered.
-
- You can also add the optional information |=singleslide|. This
- tells \beamer\ that the frame contains only a single slide. In
- this case, the frame contents is \emph{not} written to a special
- file, but interpreted directly, which is ``faster and cleaner.''
- \item
- \declare{|environment=|\meta{frame environment name}}. This option
- is useful only in conjuction with the |fragile| option (but it
- is not used for |fragile=singleslide|, only for the plain
- |fragile|). The \meta{frame environment name} is used to determine
- the end of the scanning when gathering the frame
- contents. Normally, the frame ends when a line reading
- |\end{frame}| is reached. However, if you use |\begin{frame}|
- inside another environment, you need to use this option:
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newenvironment{slide}[1]
- {\begin{frame}[fragile,environment=slide]
- \frametitle{#1}}
- {\end{frame}}
-
-\begin{slide}{My title}
- Text.
-\end{slide}
-\end{verbatim}
- If you did not specify the option |environment=slide| in the above
- example, \TeX\ would ``miss'' the end of the slide since it does
- not interpret text while gathering the frame contents.
- \item
- \declare{|label=|\meta{name}} causes the frame's contents to
- be stored under the name \meta{name} for later resumption using
- the command |\againframe|. Furthermore, on each slide of the frame
- a label with the name \meta{name}|<|\meta{slide number}|>| is created. On the
- \emph{first} slide, furthermore, a label with the name \meta{name}
- is created (so the labels \meta{name} and \meta{name}|<1>| point
- to the same slide). Note that labels in general, and these labels
- in particular, can be used as targets for hyperlinks.
-
- You can use this option together with |fragile|.
- \item
- \declare{|plain|} causes the headlines, footlines,
- and sidebars to be suppressed. This is useful for creating single
- frames with different head- and footlines or for creating frames
- showing big pictures that completely fill the frame.
-
- \example A frame with a picture completely filling the frame:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}[plain]
- \begin{centering}%
- \pgfimage[height=\paperheight]{somebigimagefile}%
- \par%
- \end{centering}%
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \example A title page, in which the head- and footlines are replaced
- by two graphics.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{title page}
-{
- \pgfuseimage{toptitle}
- \vskip0pt plus 1filll
-
- \begin{centering}
- {\usebeamerfont{title}\usebeamercolor[fg]{title}\inserttitle}
-
- \insertdate
- \end{centering}
-
- \vskip0pt plus 1filll
- \pgfuseimage{bottomtitle}
-}
-\begin{frame}[plain]
- \titlepage
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
- \item
- \declare{|shrink|}\opt{|=|\meta{minimum shrink percentage}}. This
- option will cause the text of the frame to be shrunk if it is
- too large to fit on the frame. \beamer\ will first normally
- typeset the whole frame. Then it has a look at vertical size of
- the frame text (excluding the frame title). If this vertical size
- is larger than the text height minus the frame title height,
- \beamer\ computes a shrink factor and scales down the frame text
- by this factor such that the frame text then fills the frame
- completely. Using this option will automatically cause the
- |squeeze| option to be used, also.
-
- Since the shrinking takes place only after everything has been
- typeset, shrunk frame text will not fill the frame completely
- horizontally. For this reason, you can specify a \meta{minimum
- shrink percentage} like |20|. If this percentage is specified, the
- frame will be shrunk \emph{at least} by this percentage. Since
- \beamer\ knows this, it can increase the horizontal width
- proportionally such that the shrunk text once more fills the
- entire frame. If, however, the percentage is not enough, the text
- will be shrunk as needed and you will be punished with a warning
- message.
-
- The best way to use this option is to identify frames that are
- overly full, but in which all text absolutely has to be fit on a
- single frame. Then start specifying first |shrink=5|, then
- |shrink=10|, and so on, until no warning is issued any more (or
- just ignore the warning when things look satisfactory).
-
- Using this option is \emph{very evil}. It will
- result in changes of the font size from slide to slide, which is a
- typographic nightmare. Its usage can \emph{always} be avoided by
- restructuring and simplifying frames, which will result in a
- better presentation.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}[shrink=5]
- Some evil endless slide that is 5\% too large.
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
- \item
- \declare{|squeeze|} causes all vertical spaces in the text to be
- squeezed together as much as possible. Currently, this just causes
- the vertical space in enumerations or itemizations to be reduced
- to zero.
-
- Using this option is not good, but also not evil.
- \end{itemize}
-
- \lyxnote
- Use the style ``BeginFrame'' to start a frame and the style
- ``EndFrame'' to end it. A frame is automatically ended by the start
- of a new frame and by the start of a new section or section (but
- not by the end of the document!).
-
- \lyxnote
- You can pass options and an overlay specification to a frame by
- giving these in \TeX-mode as the first thing in the frame
- title. (Some magic is performed to extract them in \LyX-mode from
- there.)
-
- \lyxnote
- The style ``BeginPlainFrame'' is included as a convenience. It
- passes the |plain| option to the frame. To pass further options to a
- plain frame, you should use the normal ``BeginFrame'' style and
- specify all options (including |plain|).
-
- \lyxnote
- In \LyX, you can insert verbatim text directly even in overlayed
- frames. The reason is that \LyX\ uses a different internal mechanism
- for typesetting verbatim text, that is easier to handle for \beamer.
-
- \articlenote
- In |article| mode, the |frame| environment does not create any visual
- reference to the original frame (no frame is drawn). Rather, the
- frame text is inserted into the normal text. To change this, you can
- modify the templates |frame begin| and |frame end|, see below. To
- suppress a frame in |article| mode, you can, for example, specify
- |<presentation>| as overlay specification.
-
- \begin{element}{frame begin}\yes\no\no
- The text of this template is inserted at the beginning of each
- frame in |article| mode (and only there). You can use it, say, to
- start a |minipage| environment at the beginning of a frame or to
- insert a horizontal bar or whatever.
- \end{element}
-
- \begin{element}{frame end}\yes\no\no
- The text of this template is inserted at the end of each
- frame in |article| mode.
- \end{element}
-\end{environment}
-
-You \emph{can} use the |frame| environment inside other
-environments like this
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newenvironment{slide}{\begin{frame}}{\end{frame}}
-\end{verbatim}
-or like this
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newenvironment{myframe}[1]
- {\begin{frame}[fragile,environment=myframe]\frametitle{#1}}
- {\end{frame}}
-\end{verbatim}
-However, the actual mechanics are somewhat sensitive since the
-``collecting'' of the frame contents is not easy, so
-do not attempt anything too fancy. As a rule, the beginning of the
-environment can be pretty arbitrary, but the ending must end with
-|\end{frame}| and should not contain any |\end{xxx}|. Anything really
-complex is likely to fail. If you need some |\end{xxx}| there, define
-a new command that contains this stuff as in the following example:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newenvironment{itemizeframe}
- {\begin{frame}\startitemizeframe}
- {\stopitemizeframe\end{frame}}
-
-\newcommand\startitemizeframe{\begin{bfseries}\begin{itemize}}
-\newcommand\stopitemizeframe{\end{itemize}\end{bfseries}}
-
-\begin{itemizeframe}
-\item First item
-\end{itemizeframe}
-
-\end{verbatim}
-
-
-
-\subsection{Components of a Frame}
-
-Each frame consists of several components:
-\begin{enumerate}\itemsep=0pt\parskip=0pt
-\item a headline and a footline,
-\item a left and a right sidebar,
-\item navigation bars,
-\item navigation symbols,
-\item a logo,
-\item a frame title,
-\item a background, and
-\item some frame contents.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-A frame need not have all of these components. Usually, the first
-three components are automatically setup by the theme you are using.
-
-
-\subsubsection{The Headline and Footline}
-
-The headline of a frame is the area at the top of the frame. If it is
-not empty, it should show some information that helps the audience
-orientate itself during your talk. Likewise, the footline is the area
-at the bottom of the frame.
-
-\beamer\ does not use the standard \LaTeX\ mechanisms for typesetting
-the headline and the footline. Instead, the special |headline| and
-|footline| templates are used to typeset them.
-
-The size of the headline and the footline is determined as follows:
-Their width is always the paper width. Their height is determined by
-tentatively typesetting the headline and the footline right after the
-|\begin{document}| command. The head of the headline and the footline
-at that point is ``frozen'' and will be used throughout the whole
-document, even if the headline and footline vary in height later on
-(which they should not).
-
-The appearance of the headline and footline is determined by the
-following templates:
-
-\begin{element}{headline}\yes\yes\yes
- This template is used to typeset the headline. The \beamer-color and
- -font |headline| are installed at the beginning. The background of
- the \beamer-color is not used by default, that is, no background
- rectangle is drawn behind the headline and footline (this may change
- in the future with the introduction of a headline and a footline
- canvas).
-
- The width of the headline is the whole paper width. The height is
- determined automatically as described above. The headline is typeset
- in vertical mode with interline skip turned off and the paragraph
- skip set to zero.
-
- Inside this template, the |\\| command is changed such that it
- inserts a comma instead.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{headline}
-{%
- \begin{beamercolorbox}{section in head/foot}
- \vskip2pt\insertnavigation{\paperwidth}\vskip2pt
- \end{beamercolorbox}%
-}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- The default is just an empty headline. To get the default headline
- of earlier versions of the \beamer\ class, use the |compatibility|
- theme.
- \itemoption{infolines theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |infolines|
- outer theme is loaded. The headline shows current section and subsection.
- \itemoption{miniframes theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |miniframes|
- outer theme is loaded. The headline shows the sections with small
- clickable mini frames below them.
- \itemoption{sidebar theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |sidebar|
- outer theme is loaded and if the head height (and option of the
- |sidebar| theme) is not zero. In this case, the headline is an
- empty bar of the background color |frametitle| with the logo to
- the left or right of this bar.
- \itemoption{smoothtree theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |smoothtree|
- outer theme is loaded. A ``smoothed'' navigation
- tree is shown in the headline.
- \itemoption{smoothbars theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |smoothbars|
- outer theme is loaded. A ``smoothed'' version of the
- |miniframes| headline is shown.
- \itemoption{tree}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |tree|
- outer theme is loaded. A navigational tree is shown in the headline.
- \itemoption{split theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |split|
- outer theme is loaded. The headline is split into a left part
- showing the sections and a right part showing the subsections.
- \itemoption{text line}{\marg{text}}
- The headline is typeset more or less as if it were a normal text
- line with the \meta{text} as contents. The left and right margin
- are setup such that they are the same as the margins of normal
- text. The \meta{text} is typeset inside an |\hbox|, while the
- headline is normally typeset in vertical mode.
- \end{templateoptions}
-
- Inside the template numerous inserts can be used:
- \begin{itemize}
- \iteminsert{\insertnavigation\marg{width}}
- Inserts a horizontal navigation bar of the given \meta{width} into a
- template. The bar lists the sections and below them mini frames for
- each frame in that section.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertpagenumber}
- Inserts the current page number into a template.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsection}
- Inserts the current section into a template.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionnavigation}\marg{width}
- Inserts a vertical navigation bar containing all sections, with the
- current section hilighted.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionnavigationhorizontal}\marg{width}\marg{left insert}\marg{right insert}
- Inserts a horizontal navigation bar containing all sections, with
- the current section hilighted. The \meta{left insert} will be
- inserted to the left of the sections, the \marg{right insert} to the
- right. By inserting a triple fill (a
- |filll|) you can flush the bar to the left or right.
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\insertsectionnavigationhorizontal{.5\textwidth}{\hskip0pt plus1filll}{}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \iteminsert{\insertshortauthor}\oarg{options}
- Inserts the short version of the author into a template. The text
- will be printed in one long line, line breaks introduced using the
- |\\| command are suppressed. The
- following \meta{options} may be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- \declare{|width=|\meta{width}}
- causes the text to be put into a multi-line minipage of the given
- size. Line breaks are still suppressed by default.
- \item
- \declare{|center|}
- centers the text inside the minipage created using the |width|
- option, rather than having it left aligned.
- \item
- \declare{|respectlinebreaks|}
- causes line breaks introduced by the |\\| command to be honored.
- \end{itemize}
-
- \example |\insertauthor[width={3cm},center,respectlinebreaks]|
-
- \iteminsert{\insertshortdate}\oarg{options}
- Inserts the short version of the date into a template. The same
- options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertshortinstitute}\oarg{options}
- Inserts the short version of the institute into a template. The same
- options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertshortpart}\oarg{options}
- Inserts the short version of the part name into a template. The same
- options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertshorttitle}\oarg{options}
- Inserts the short version of the document title into a template. Same
- options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertshortsubtitle}\oarg{options}
- Inserts the short version of the document subtitle. Same
- options as for |\insertshortauthor| may be given.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsection}
- Inserts the current subsection into a template.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsubsection}
- Inserts the current subsection into a template.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionnavigation}\marg{width}
- Inserts a vertical navigation bar containing all subsections of the
- current section, with the current subsection hilighted.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionnavigationhorizontal}\marg{width}\marg{left
- insert}\marg{right insert}
-
- See |\insertsectionnavigationhorizontal|.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertverticalnavigation}\marg{width}
- Inserts a vertical navigation bar of the given \meta{width} into a
- template. The bar shows a little table of contents. The individual
- lines are typeset using the templates
- |section in head/foot| and |subsection in head/foot|.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertframenumber}
- Inserts the number of the current frame (not slide) into a template.
-
- \iteminsert{\inserttotalframenumber}
- Inserts the total number of the frames (not slides) into a
- template. The number is only correct on the second run of \TeX\ on
- your document.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertframestartpage}
- Inserts the page number of the first page of the current frame.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertframeendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the current frame.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionstartpage}
- Inserts the page number of the first page of the current subsection.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the current subsection.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionstartpage}
- Inserts the page number of the first page of the current section.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the current section.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertpartstartpage}
- Inserts the page number of the first page of the current part.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertpartendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the current part.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertpresentationstartpage}
- Inserts the page number of the first page of the presentation.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertpresentationendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the presentation
- (excluding the appendix).
-
-
- \iteminsert{\insertappendixstartpage}
- Inserts the page number of the first page of the appendix. If there
- is no appendix, this number is the last page of the document.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertappendixendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the appendix. If there
- is no appendix, this number is the last page of the document.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertdocumentstartpage}
- Inserts 1.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertdocumentendpage}
- Inserts the page number of the last page of the document (including
- the appendix).
- \end{itemize}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{footline}\yes\yes\yes
- This template behaves exactly the same way as the headline. Note
- that, sometimes quite annoyingly, \beamer\ currently adds a space of
- 4pt between the bottom of the frame's text and the top of the
- footline.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- The default is an empty footline. Note that the navigational
- symbols are \emph{not} part of the footline by default. Rather,
- they are part of an (invisible) right sidebar.
- \itemoption{infolines theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |infolines|
- outer theme is loaded. The footline shows things like the author's
- name and the title of the talk.
- \itemoption{miniframes theme}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |miniframes|
- outer theme is loaded. Depending on the exact options that are
- used when the |miniframes| theme is loaded, different things can
- be shown in the footline.
- \itemoption{page number}{}
- Shows the current page number in the footline.
- \itemoption{frame number}{}
- Shows the current frame number in the footline.
- \itemoption{split}{}
- This option becomes available (and is used) if the |split|
- outer theme is loaded. The footline (just like the headline) is
- split into a left part showing the author's name and a right part
- showing the talk's title.
- \itemoption{text line}{\marg{text}}
- The footline is typeset more or less as if it were a normal text
- line with the \meta{text} as contents. The left and right margin
- are setup such that they are the same as the margins of normal
- text. The \meta{text} is typeset inside an |\hbox|, while the
- headline is normally typeset in vertical mode. Using the |\strut|
- command somewhere in such a line might be a good idea.
- \end{templateoptions}
-
- The same inserts as for headlines can be used.
-
- \begin{element}{page number in head/foot}\no\yes\yes
- These \beamer-color and -font are used to typeset the page number
- or frame number in the footline.
- \end{element}
-\end{element}
-
-
-
-
-\subsubsection{The Sidebars}
-
-
-Sidebars are vertical areas that stretch from the lower end of the
-headline to the top of the footline. There can be a sidebar at the
-left and another one at the right (or even both). Sidebars can show a
-table of contents, but they could also be added for purely aesthetic
-reasons.
-
-When you install a sidebar template, you must explicitly specify the
-horizontal size of the sidebar using the command |\setbeamesize| with
-the option |sidebar left width| or |sidebar right width|. The vertical
-size is determined automatically. Each sidebar has its own background
-canvas, which can be setup using the sidebar canvas templates.
-
-Adding a sidebar of a certain size, say 1cm, will make the main text
-1cm narrower. The distance between the inner side of a side
-bar and the outer side of the text, as specified by
-the command |\setbeamersize| with the option |text margin left| and
-its counterpart for the right margin, is not changed when a sidebar is
-installed.
-
-Internally, the sidebars are typeset by showing them as part of the
-headline. The \beamer\ class keeps track of six dimensions, three
-for each side: the variables |\beamer@leftsidebar| and
-|\beamer@rightsidebar| store the (horizontal) sizes of the side
-bars, the variables |\beamer@leftmargin| and
-|\beamer@rightmargin| store the distance between sidebar and
-text, and the macros |\Gm@lmargin| and |\Gm@rmargin| store
-the distance from the edge of the paper to the edge of the text. Thus
-the sum |\beamer@leftsidebar| and |\beamer@leftmargin| is
-exactly |\Gm@lmargin|. Thus, if you wish to put some text right
-next to the left sidebar, you might write
-|\hskip-\beamer@leftmargin| to get there.
-
-\begin{element}{sidebar left}\yes\yes\yes
- \colorfontparents{sidebar}
- The template is used to typeset the left sidebar. As mentioned
- above, the size of the left sidebar is set using the command
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamersize{sidebar width left=2cm}
-\end{verbatim}
- \beamer\ will not clip sidebars automatically if they are too
- large.
-
- When the sidebar is typeset, it is put inside a |\vbox|. You should
- currently setup things like the |\hsize| or the |\parskip|
- yourself.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- installs an empty template.
- \itemoption{sidebar theme}{}
- This option is available if the outer theme |sidebar| is loaded
- with the |left| option. In this case, this options is selected
- automatically. It shows a mini table of contents in the sidebar.
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{sidebar right}\yes\yes\yes
- \colorfontparents{sidebar}
- This template works the same way as the template for the left.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- The default right sidebar has zero width. Nevertheless, it shows
- navigational symbols and, if installed, a logo at the bottom of
- the sidebar, protruding to the left into the text.
- \itemoption{sidebar theme}{}
- This option is available, if the outer theme |sidebar| is loaded
- with the |left| option. In this case, this options is selected
- automatically. It shows a mini table of contents in the sidebar.
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{sidebar canvas left}\yes\no\no
- Like the overall background canvas, this canvas is drawn behind the
- actual text of the sidebar. This template should normally insert a
- rectangle of the size of the sidebar, though a too large height will
- not lead to an error or warning. When this template is called, the
- \beamer-color |sidebar left| will have been installed.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \item{default}{}
- uses a large rectangle colored with |sidebar.bg| as the sidebar
- canvas. However, if the background of |sidebar| is empty, nothing
- is drawn and the canvas is ``transparent.''
-
- \itemoption{vertical shading}{\oarg{color options}}
- installs a vertically shaded background. The following
- \meta{color options} may be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item \declare{|top=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the
- top of the sidebar. By default, 25\% of the foreground of the
- \beamer-color |palette primary| is used.
- \item \declare{|bottom=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the
- bottom of the sidebar (more precisely, at a distance of the page
- height below the top of the sidebar). By default, the background of
- |normal text| at the moment of invocation of this command is
- used.
- \item \declare{|middle=|\meta{color}} specifies the color
- for the middle of the sidebar. Thus, if this option is given, the
- shading changes from the bottom color to this color and then
- to the top color.
- \item \declare{|midpoint=|\meta{factor}} specifies at which
- point of the page the middle color is used. A factor of |0| is
- the bottom of the page, a factor of |1| is the top. The
- default, which is |0.5|, is in the middle.
- \end{itemize}
- Note that you must give ``real'' \LaTeX\ colors here. This often
- makes it necessary to invoke the command |\usebeamercolor| before
- this command can be used.
-
- Also note, that the width of the sidebar should be setup before
- this option is used.
-
- \example A stylish, but not very useful shading:
-\begin{verbatim}
-{\usebeamercolor{palette primary}}
-\setbeamertemplate{sidebar canvas}[vertical shading]
-[top=palette primary.bg,middle=white,bottom=palette primary.bg]
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \itemoption{horizontal shading}{\oarg{color options}}
- installs a horizontally shaded background. The following
- \meta{color options} may be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item \declare{|left=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the
- left of the sidebar.
- \item \declare{|right=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the
- right of the sidebar.
- \item \declare{|middle=|\meta{color}} specifies the color
- in the middle of the sidebar.
- \item \declare{|midpoint=|\meta{factor}} specifies at which
- point of the sidebar the middle color is used. A factor of |0| is
- the left of the sidebar, a factor of |1| is the right. The
- default, which is |0.5|, is in the middle.
- \end{itemize}
-
- \example Adds two ``pillars''
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamersize{sidebar width left=0.5cm,sidebar width right=0.5cm}
-
-{\usebeamercolor{sidebar}}
-
-\setbeamertemplate{sidebar canvas left}[horizontal shading]
-[left=white,middle=sidebar.bg,right=white]
-\setbeamertemplate{sidebar canvas right}[horizontal shading]
-[left=white,middle=sidebar.bg,right=white]
-\end{verbatim}
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{sidebar canvas right}\yes\no\no
- Works exactly as for the left side.
-\end{element}
-
-
-
-\subsubsection{Navigation Bars}
-\label{section-navigation-bars}
-
-Many themes install a headline or a sidebar that shows a
-\emph{navigation bar}. Although these navigation bars take up quite
-a bit of space, they are often useful for two reasons:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
- They provide the audience with a visual feedback of how much of your
- talk you have covered and what is yet to come. Without such
- feedback, an audience will often puzzle whether something you are
- currently introducing will be explained in more detail later on or
- not.
-\item
- You can click on all parts of the navigation bar. This will directly
- ``jump'' you to the part you have clicked on. This is particularly
- useful to skip certain parts of your talk and during a ``question
- session,'' when you wish to jump back to a particular frame someone
- has asked about.
-\end{itemize}
-
-Some navigation bars can be ``compressed'' using the following option:
-
-\begin{classoption}{compress}
- Tries to make all navigation bars as small as possible. For example,
- all small frame representations in the navigation bars for a single
- section are shown alongside each other. Normally, the representations
- for different subsections are shown in different lines. Furthermore,
- section and subsection navigations are compressed into one line.
-\end{classoption}
-
-
-
-Some themes use the |\insertnavigation| to insert a navigation bar
-into the headline. Inside this bar, small icons are shown (called
-``mini frames'') that represent the frames of a presentation.
-When you click on such an icon, the
-following happens:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
- If you click on (the icon of) any frame other than the current frame, the
- presentation will jump to the first slide of the frame you clicked
- on.
-\item
- If you click on the current frame and you are not on the last slide
- of this frame, you will jump to the last slide of the frame.
-\item
- If you click on the current frame and you are on the last slide, you
- will jump to the first slide of the frame.
-\end{itemize}
-By the above rules you can:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item
- Jump to the beginning of a frame from somewhere else by clicking on
- it once.
-\item
- Jump to the end of a frame from somewhere else by clicking on it
- twice.
-\item
- Skip the rest of the current frame by clicking on it once.
-\end{itemize}
-
-I also tried making a jump to an already-visited frame jump
-automatically to the last slide of this frame. However, this turned
-out to be more confusing than helpful. With the current implementation
-a double-click always brings you to the end of a slide, regardless
-from where you ``come.''
-
-\begin{element}{mini frames}\semiyes\no\no
- This parent template has the children |mini frame| and
- |mini frame in current subsection|.
-
- \example |\setbeamertemplate{mini frames}[box]|
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- shows small circles as mini frames.
- \itemoption{box}{}
- shows small rectangles as mini frames.
- \itemoption{tick}{}
- shows small vertical bars as mini frames.
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{mini frame}\yes\yes\yes
- The template is used to render the mini frame of the current frame
- in a navigation bar.
-
- The width of the template is ignored. Instead, when multiple mini
- frames are shown, their position is calculated based on the
- \beamer-sizes |mini frame size| and |mini frame offset|. See the
- command |\setbeamersize| for a description of how to change them.
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{mini frame in current subsection}\yes\no\no
- This template is used to render the mini frame of frames in the
- current subsection that are not the current frame. The
- \beamer-color/-font |mini frame| is installed prior to the usage of
- this template is invoked.
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{mini frame in other subsection}\yes\no\no
- This template is used to render mini frames of frame from
- subsections other than the current one.
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}}
- By default, this template shows |mini frame in current subsection|, except that the color is first
- changed to |fg!|\meta{percentage}|!bg|. The default
- \meta{percentage} is 50\%.
-
- \example To get an extremely ``shaded'' rendering of the frames
- outside the current subsection you can use the following:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][20]
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \example To render all mini frames other than the current one in
- the same way, use
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{mini frame in other subsection}[default][100]
-\end{verbatim}
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-
-
-Some themes show sections and/or subsections in the navigation bars.
-By clicking on a section or subsection in the navigation bar, you will
-jump to that section. Clicking on a section is particularly useful if
-the section starts with a |\tableofcontents[currentsection]|, since you
-can use it to jump to the different subsections.
-
-\begin{element}{section in head/foot}\yes\yes\yes
- This template is used to render a section entry if it occurs in the
- headline or the footline. The background of the \beamer-color is
- typically used as the background of the whole ``area'' where section
- entries are shown in the headline. You cannot usually use this
- template yourself since the insert |\insertsectionhead| is setup
- correctly only when a list of sections is being typeset in the
- headline.
-
- The default template just inserts the section name. The following
- inserts are useful for this template:
- \begin{itemize}
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionhead}
- inserts the name of the section that is to be typeset in a
- navigation bar.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionheadnumber}
- inserts the number of the section that is to be typeset in a
- navigation bar.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertpartheadnumber}
- inserts the number of the part of the current section or subsection
- that is to be typeset in a navigation bar.
- \end{itemize}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{section in head/foot shaded}\yes\no\no
- This template is used instead of |section in head/foot| for
- typesetting sections that are currently shaded. Such shading is
- usually applied to all sections but the current one.
-
- Note that this template does \emph{not} have its own color and
- font. When this template is called, the \beamer-font and color
- |section in head/foot| will have been setup. Then, at the start of
- the template, you will typically change the current color or start a
- |colormixin| environment.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}}
- The default template changes the current color to
- |fg!|\meta{percentage}|!bg|. This causes the current color to
- become ``washed out'' or ``shaded.'' The default percentage is
- |50|.
-
- \example You can use the following command to make the shaded
- entries very ``light'':
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{section in head/foot shaded}[default][20]
-\end{verbatim}
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-
-
-\begin{element}{section in sidebar}\yes\yes\yes
- This template is used to render a section entry if it occurs in the
- sidebar, typically as part of a mini table of contents shown
- there. The background of the \beamer-color is used as background for
- the entry. Just like |section in head/foot|, you cannot usually use
- this template yourself and you should also use |\insertsectionhead|
- to insert the name of the section that is to be typeset.
-
- For once, no default is installed for this template.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{sidebar theme}{}
- This template, which is only available if the |sidebar| outer
- theme is loaded, inserts a bar with the \beamer-color's
- foreground and background that shows the section name. The width of
- the bar is the same as the width of the whole sidebar.
- \end{templateoptions}
-
- The same inserts as for |section in head/foot| can be used.
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{section in sidebar shaded}\yes\yes\no
- This template is used instead of |section in sidebar| for
- typesetting sections that are currently shaded. Such shading is
- usually applied to all sections but the current one.
-
- Differently from |section in head/foot shaded|, this template
- \emph{has} its own \beamer-color.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{sidebar theme}{}
- Does the same as for the nonshaded version, except that a
- different \beamer-color is used.
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-
-\begin{element}{subsection in head/foot}\yes\yes\yes
- This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot|, only for
- subsections.
- \begin{itemize}
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionhead}
- works like |\insertsectionhead|.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionheadnumber}
- works like |\insertsectionheadnumber|.
- \end{itemize}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsection in head/foot shaded}\yes\no\no
- This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot shaded|,
- only for subsections.
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}}
- works like the corresponding option for sections.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{section in head/foot shaded}[default][20]
-\setbeamertemplate{subsection in head/foot shaded}[default][20]
-\end{verbatim}
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsection in sidebar}\yes\yes\yes
- This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar|, only for
- subsections.
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsection in sidebar shaded}\yes\no\no
- This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar shaded|,
- only for subsections.
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsubsection in head/foot}\yes\yes\yes
- This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot|, only for
- subsubsections. Currently, it is not used by the default themes.
- \begin{itemize}
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsubsectionhead}
- works like |\insertsectionhead|.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsubsectionheadnumber}
- works like |\insertsectionheadnumber|.
- \end{itemize}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsubsection in head/foot shaded}\yes\no\no
- This template behaves exactly like |section in head/foot shaded|,
- only for subsubsections.
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{\oarg{percentage}}
- works like the corresponding option for sections.
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsubsection in sidebar}\yes\yes\yes
- This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar|, only for
- subsubsections.
-\end{element}
-
-\begin{element}{subsubsection in sidebar shaded}\yes\no\no
- This template behaves exactly like |section in sidebar shaded|,
- only for subsubsections.
-\end{element}
-
-By clicking on the document title in a navigation bar (not all themes
-show it), you will jump to the first slide of your presentation
-(usually the title page) \emph{except} if you are already at the first
-slide. On the first slide, clicking on the document title will jump to
-the end of the presentation, if there is one. Thus by \emph{double}
-clicking the document title in a navigation bar, you can jump to the end.
-
-
-
-\subsubsection{The Navigation Symbols}
-\label{section-navigation-symbols}
-
-
-Navigation symbols are small icons that are shown on every slide
-by default. The following symbols are shown:
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item
- A slide icon, which is depicted as a single rectangle. To the left and
- right of this symbol, a left and right arrow are shown.
-\item
- A frame icon, which is depicted as three slide icons ``stacked on top of
- each other''. This symbol is framed by arrows.
-\item
- A subsection icon, which is depicted as a highlighted subsection
- entry in a table of contents. This symbols is framed by arrows.
-\item
- A section icon, which is depicted as a highlighted section entry
- (together with all subsections) in a table of contents. This symbol
- is framed by arrows.
-\item
- A presentation icon, which is depicted as a completely highlighted
- table of contents.
-\item
- An appendix icon, which is depicted as a completely highlighted
- table of contents consisting of only one section. (This icon is only
- shown if there is an appendix.)
-\item
- Back and forward icons, depicted as circular arrows.
-\item
- A ``search'' or ``find'' icon, depicted as a detective's
- magnifying glass.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-Clicking on the left arrow next to an icon always jumps to (the
-last slide of) the previous slide, frame, subsection, or
-section. Clicking on the right arrow next to an icon always jump to
-(the first slide of) the next slide, frame, subsection, or section.
-
-Clicking \emph{on} any of these icons has different effects:
-\begin{enumerate}
-\item
- If supported by the viewer application, clicking on a slide icon
- pops up a window that allows you to enter a slide number to which
- you wish to jump.
-\item
- Clicking on the left side of a frame icon will jump to the first
- slide of the frame, clicking on the right side will jump to the last
- slide of the frame (this can be useful for skipping overlays).
-\item
- Clicking on the left side of a subsection icon will jump to the
- first slide of the subsection, clicking on the right side will jump
- to the last slide of the subsection.
-\item
- Clicking on the left side of a section icon will jump to the
- first slide of the section, clicking on the right side will jump
- to the last slide of the section.
-\item
- Clicking on the left side of the presentation icon will jump to the
- first slide, clicking on the right side will jump to the last slide
- of the presentation. However, this does \emph{not} include the
- appendix.
-\item
- Clicking on the left side of the appendix icon will jump to the
- first slide of the appendix, clicking on the right side will jump to
- the last slide of the appendix.
-\item
- If supported by the viewer application, clicking on the back and
- forward symbols jumps to the previously visited slides.
-\item
- If supported by the viewer application, clicking on the search icon
- pops up a window that allows you to enter a search string. If found,
- the viewer application will jump to this string.
-\end{enumerate}
-
-You can reduce the number of icons that are shown or their layout by
-adjusting the |navigation symbols| template.
-
-\begin{element}{navigation symbols}\yes\yes\yes
- This template is invoked in ``three-star-mode'' by themes
- at the place where the navigation symbols should be
- shown. ``Three-star-mode'' means that the command
- |\usebeamertemplate***| is used.
-
- Note that, although it may \emph{look} like that the symbols are part of
- the footline, they are more often part of an invisible right
- sidebar.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- Organizes the navigation symbols horizontally.
- \itemoption{horizontal}{}
- This is an alias for the default.
- \itemoption{vertical}{}
- Organizes the navigation symbols vertically.
- \itemoption{only frame symbol}{}
- Shows only the navigational symbol for navigating frames.
- \end{templateoptions}
-
- \example The following command suppresses all navigation symbols:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- Inside this template, the following inserts are useful:
- \begin{itemize}
- \iteminsert{\insertslidenavigationsymbol}
- Inserts the slide navigation symbols, that is, the slide symbols
- (a rectangle) together with arrows to the left and right that are
- hyperlinked.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertframenavigationsymbol}
- Inserts the frame navigation symbol.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsubsectionnavigationsymbol}
- Inserts the subsection navigation symbol.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertsectionnavigationsymbol}
- Inserts the section navigation symbol.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertdocnavigationsymbol}
- Inserts the presentation navigation symbol and (if necessary) the
- appendix navigation symbol.
-
- \iteminsert{\insertbackfindforwardnavigationsymbol}
- Inserts a back, a find, and a forward navigation symbol.
- \end{itemize}
-\end{element}
-
-
-
-
-
-
-\subsubsection{The Logo}
-
-To install a logo, use the following command:
-
-\begin{command}{\logo\marg{logo text}}
- The \meta{logo text} is usually a command for including a graphic,
- but it can be any text. The position where the logo is inserted is
- determined by the current theme, you cannot (currently) specify this
- position directly.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.5cm]{logo}{tu-logo}
-\logo{\pgfuseimage{logo}}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\logo{\includegraphics[height=0.5cm]{logo.pdf}}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- Currently, the effect of this command is just to setup the |logo|
- template. However, a more sophisticated effect might be implemented
- in the future.
-
- \articlenote This command has no effect.
-
- \begin{element}{logo}\yes\yes\yes
- This template is used to render the logo.
- \end{element}
-
- The following insert can be used to insert a logo somewhere:
- \begin{itemize}
- \iteminsert{\insertlogo}
- inserts the logo at the current position. This command has the
- same effect as |\usebeamertemplate*{logo}|.
- \end{itemize}
-\end{command}
-
-
-\subsubsection{The Frame Title}
-
-The frame title is shown prominently at the top of the frame and can
-be specified with the following command:
-
-\begin{command}{\frametitle\sarg{overlay specification}\oarg{short
- frame title}\marg{frame title text}}
- You should end the \meta{frame title text} with a period, if the title is a
- proper sentence. Otherwise, there should not be a period. The
- \meta{short frame title} is normally not shown, but its available
- via the |\insertshortframetitle| command. The \meta{overlay
- specification} is mostly useful for suppressing the frame title in
- |article| mode.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}
- \frametitle{A Frame Title is Important.}
- \framesubtitle{Subtitles are not so important.}
-
- Frame contents.
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- If you are using the |allowframebreaks| option with the current frame,
- a continuation text (like ``(cont.)'' or something similar,
- depending on the template |frametitle continuation|) is
- automatically added to the \meta{frame title text} at the end,
- separated with a space.
-
- \beamernote
- The frame title is not typeset immediately when the command
- |\frametitle| is encountered. Rather, the argument of the command is
- stored internally and the frame title is only typeset when the
- complete frame has been read. This gives you access to both the
- \meta{frame title text} and to the \meta{subframe title text} that
- is possibly introduced using the |\framesubtitle| command.
-
- \articlenote
- By default, this command creates a new paragraph in |article| mode,
- entitled \meta{frame title text}. Using the \meta{overlay
- specification} makes it easy to suppress the a frame title once in
- a while. If you generally wish to suppress \emph{all} frame
- titles in |article| mode, say |\setbeamertemplate<article>{frametitle}{}|.
-
- \lyxnote
- The frame title is the text that follows on the line of the
- ``BeginFrame'' style.
-
- \begin{element}{frametitle}\yes\yes\yes
- \colorfontparents{titlelike}
-
- When the frame title and subtitle are to be typeset, this template
- is invoked with the \beamer-color and -font |frametitle| set. This
- template is \emph{not} invoked when the commands |\frametitle| or
- |\framesubtitle| are called. Rather, it is invoked when the whole
- frame has been completely read. Till then, the frame title and frame
- subtitle text are stored in a special place. This way, when the
- template is invoked, both inserts are setup correctly. The resulting
- \TeX-box is then magically put back to the top of the frame.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{\oarg{alignment}}
- The frame is typeset using the \beamer-color |frametitle| and the
- \beamer-font |frametitle|. The subtitle is put below using the
- color and font |framesubtitle|. If the color |frametitle| has a
- background, a background bar stretching the whole frame width is put
- behind the title. A background color of the subtitle is ignored. The
- \meta{alignment} is passed on to the |beamercolorbox|
- environment. In particular, useful options are |left|, |center|, and
- |right|. As a special case, the |right| option causes the left
- border of the frame title to be somewhat larger than normal so that
- the frame title is more in the middle of the frame.
-
- \itemoption{shadow theme}{}
- This option is available if the outer theme |shadow| is
- loaded. It draws the frame title on top of a horizontal shading
- between the background colors of |frametitle| and
- |frametitle right|. A subtitle is, if present, also put on this
- bar. Below the bar, a ``shadow'' is drawn.
-
- \itemoption{sidebar theme}{}
- This option is available if the outer theme |sidebar| is loaded
- and if the headline height is not set to 0pt (which can be done
- using and option of the |sidebar| theme). With this option, the
- frame title is put inside a rectangular area that is part of the
- headline (some ``negative space'' is used to raise the frame title
- into this area). The background of the color |frametitle| is not
- used, this is the job of the headline template in this case.
-
- \itemoption{smoothbars theme}{}
- This option is available if the outer theme |smoothbars| is
- loaded. It typesets the frametitle on a colored bar with the
- background color of |frametitle|. The top and bottom of the bar
- smoothly blend over to backgrounds above and below.
-
- \itemoption{smoothtree theme}{}
- Like |smoothbars theme|, only for the |smoothtree| theme.
- \end{templateoptions}
-
- The following commands are useful for this template:
- \begin{templateinserts}
- \iteminsert{\insertframetitle} yields the frame title.
- \iteminsert{\insertframesubtitle} yields the frame subtitle.
- \end{templateinserts}
- \end{element}
-\end{command}
-
-
-\begin{command}{\framesubtitle\sarg{overlay specification}\marg{frame
- subtitle text}}
- If present, a subtitle will be shown in a smaller font below the
- main title. Like the |\frametitle| command, this command can be
- given anywhere in the frame, since the frame title is actually
- typeset only when everything else has already been typeset.
-
- \example
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}
- \frametitle<presentation>{Frame Title Should Be in Uppercase.}
- \framesubtitle{Subtitles can be in lowercase if they are full sentences.}
-
- Frame contents.
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-
- \articlenote
- By default, the subtitle is not shown in any way in |article| mode.
-
- \begin{element}{framesubtitle}\no\yes\yes
- \colorfontparents{frametitle}
- This element provides a color and a font for the subtitle, but no
- template. It is the job of the |frametitle| template to also
- typeset the subtitle.
- \end{element}
-\end{command}
-
-Be default, all material for a slide is vertically centered. You can
-change this using the following class options:
-
-\begin{classoption}{t}
- Place text of slides at the (vertical) top of the slides. This
- corresponds to a vertical ``flush.'' You can override this for
- individual frames using the |c| or |b| option.
-\end{classoption}
-
-\begin{classoption}{c}
- Place text of slides at the (vertical) center of the slides. This is
- the default. You can override this for
- individual frames using the |t| or |b| option.
-\end{classoption}
-
-
-\subsubsection{The Background}
-\label{section-canvas}
-\label{section-background}
-
-Each frame has a \emph{background}, which---as the name suggests---is
-``behind everything.'' The background is a surprisingly complex
-object: in \beamer, it consists of a \emph{background canvas} and the
-\emph{main background}.
-
-The background canvas can be imagined as a large area on which
-everything (the main background and everything else) is painted on. By
-default, this canvas is a big rectangle filling the whole frame whose
-color is the background of the \beamer-color
-|background canvas|. Since this color inherits from |normal text|, by
-changing the background color of the normal text, you can change this
-color of the canvas.
-
-\example The following command changes the background color to a light
-red.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=red!20}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The canvas need not be monochrome. Instead, you can install a shading
-or even make it transparent. Making it transparent is a good idea if
-you wish to include your slides in some other document.
-
-\example The following command makes the background canvas transparent:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\setbeamercolor{background canvas}{bg=}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\begin{element}{background canvas}\yes\yes\yes
- \colorparents{normal text}
- The template is inserted ``behind everything.'' The template should
- typically be some \TeX\ commands that produce a rectangle of height
- |\paperheight| and width |\paperwidth|.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{}
- installs a large rectangle with the background color. If the
- background is empty, the canvas is ``transparent.'' Since
- |background canvas| inherits from |normal text|, you can change the
- background of the \beamer-color |normal text| to change the
- color of the default canvas. However, to make the canvas
- transparent, only set the background of the canvas empty; leave
- the background of normal text white.
-
- \itemoption{vertical shading}{\oarg{color options}}
- installs a vertically shaded background. \emph{Use with care:
- Background shadings are often distracting!} The following
- \meta{color options} may be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item \declare{|top=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the
- top of the page. By default, 25\% of the foreground of the
- \beamer-color |palette primary| is used.
- \item \declare{|bottom=|\meta{color}} specifies the color at the
- bottom of the page. By default, the background of
- |normal text| at the moment of invocation of this command is
- used.
- \item \declare{|middle=|\meta{color}} specifies the color
- for the middle of the page. Thus, if this option is given, the
- shading changes from the bottom color to this color and then
- to the top color.
- \item \declare{|midpoint=|\meta{factor}} specifies at which
- point of the page the middle color is used. A factor of |0| is
- the bottom of the page, a factor of |1| is the top. The
- default, which is |0.5| is in the middle.
- \end{itemize}
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-The main background is drawn on top of the background canvas. It can
-be used to add, say, a grid to every frame or a big background picture
-or whatever.
-
-\begin{element}{background}\yes\yes\yes
- \colorparents{background canvas}
- The template is inserted ``behind everything, but on top of the
- background canvas.'' Use it for pictures or grids or anything that
- does not necessarily fill the whole background. When this template
- is typeset, the \beamer-color and -font |background| will be
- setup.
-
- \begin{templateoptions}
- \itemoption{default}{} is empty.
-
- \itemoption{grid}{\oarg{grid options}}
- places a grid on the background. The following
- \meta{grid options} may be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item \declare{|step=|\meta{dimension}} specifies the distance
- between grid lines. The default is 0.5cm.
- \item \declare{|color=|\meta{color}} specifies the color of the
- grid lines. The default is 10\% foreground.
- \end{itemize}
- \end{templateoptions}
-\end{element}
-
-
-
-
-\subsection{Margin Sizes}
-
-The ``paper size'' of a \beamer\ presentation is fixed to 128mm times
-96mm. The aspect ratio of this size is 4:3, which is exactly what most
-beamers offer these days. It is the job of the
-presentation program (like |acroread| or |xpdf|) to display the slides
-at full screen size. The main advantage of using a small ``paper size''
-is that you can use all your normal fonts at their natural sizes. In
-particular, inserting a graphic with 11pt labels will result in
-reasonably sized labels during the presentation.
-
-You should refrain from changing the ``paper size.'' However, you
-\emph{can} change the size of the left and right margins, which
-default to 1cm. To change them, you should use the following
-command:
-
-\begin{command}{\setbeamersize\marg{options}}
- The following \meta{options} can be given:
- \begin{itemize}
- \item
- \declare{|text margin left=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets a new left
- margin. This excludes the left sidebar. Thus, it is the distance
- between the right edge of the left sidebar and the left edge of
- the text.
- \item
- \declare{|text margin right=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets a new right
- margin.
- \item
- \declare{|sidebar width left=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the
- size of the left sidebar. Currently, this command should be given
- \emph{before} a shading is installed for the sidebar canvas.
- \item
- \declare{|sidebar width right=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the
- size of the right sidebar.
- \item
- \declare{|description width=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the
- default width of description labels, see
- Section~\ref{section-descriptions}.
- \item
- \declare{|description width of=|\meta{text}} sets the
- default width of description labels to the width of the
- \meta{text}, see Section~\ref{section-descriptions}.
- \item
- \declare{|mini frame size=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} sets the size
- of mini frames in a navigation bar. When two mini frame icons are
- shown alongside each other, their left end points are \meta{\TeX\
- dimension} far apart.
- \item
- \declare{|mini frame offset=|\meta{\TeX\ dimension}} set an
- additional vertical offset that is added to the mini frame size
- when arranging mini frames vertically.
- \end{itemize}
-
- \articlenote
- This command has no effect in |article| mode.
-\end{command}
-
-
-
-\subsection{Restricting the Slides of a Frame}
-\label{section-restriction}
-
-The number of slides in a frame is automatically
-calculated. If the largest number mentioned in any
-overlay specification inside the frame is 4, four slides are
-introduced (despite the fact that a specification like |<4->|
-might suggest that more than four slides would be possible).
-
-You can also specify the number of slides in the frame ``by hand.'' To
-do so, you pass an overlay specification the |\frame| command. The
-frame will contain only the slides specified in this
-argument. Consider the following example.
-
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begin{frame}<1-2,4->
- This is slide number \only<1>{1}\only<2>{2}\only<3>{3}%
- \only<4>{4}\only<5>{5}.
-\end{frame}
-\end{verbatim}
-This command will create a frame containing four slides. The first
-will contain the text ``This is slide number~1,'' the second ``This is
-slide number~2,'' the third ``This is slide number~4,'' and the fourth
-``This is slide number~5.''
-
-A useful specification is just |<0>|, which causes the frame to
-have to no slides at all. For example, |\begin{frame}<handout:0>| causes
-the frame to be suppressed in the handout version, but to be shown
-normally in all other versions. Another useful specification is
-|<beamer>|, which causes the frame to be shown normally in |beamer|
-mode, but to be suppressed in all other versions.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-%%% Local Variables:
-%%% mode: latex
-%%% TeX-master: "beameruserguide"
-%%% End: