diff options
| author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2007-09-06 00:08:55 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2007-09-06 00:08:55 +0000 |
| commit | a8abd64279331cac2c141488b03a710e755e3fad (patch) | |
| tree | 52b10a31167e0077005f3039f2e8007a8222078a /Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite | |
| parent | ead5e3fc51a4bb838c6501f0b5629ee4bdb05f1e (diff) | |
apacite update (5sep07)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@4889 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite')
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README | 136 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf | bin | 413899 -> 508274 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex | 4082 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt | 68 |
4 files changed, 66 insertions, 4220 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README index 169ae847d17..b37c2945d3e 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/README @@ -1,70 +1,66 @@ -% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% This is file `README'.
-%
-% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed
-% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the `apacite' package.
-% -------------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a
-% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'.
-%
-% \fi
-
-THE APACITE PACKAGE [2005/06/08]
-================================
-
-The apacite package (for LaTeX and BibTeX) attempts to capture the
-requirements of the American Psychological Association concerning citations
-and reference list as closely as possible. In addition, it provides a large
-number of options and other possibilities for customization, so that a wide
-range of citation styles and reference list styles can be handled.
-Furthermore, it also provides the possibility of automatically generating an
-author index.
-
-The documentation of the apacite package is in the file apacite.pdf. This file
-can also be generated by processing the file apacite.tex, which in this way
-acts as an extensive test of the package. To get the references, the author
-index, and the table of contents of apacite.tex right, the following list of
-commands must be executed:
-
-latex apacite
-bibtex apacite
-latex apacite
-latex apacite
-latex apacite
-makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx
-latex apacite
-latex apacite
-makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx
-latex apacite
-
-So 10 runs are necessary in order to get everything OK. Apart from this, the
-url package (url.sty) must be available in a place where TeX can find it. This
-is not necessary for the apacite package itself, but for the test examples
-from the APA manual that are used in the document apacite.tex. Furthermore,
-the index package (index.sty, available from CTAN; search for index.sty or
-index.dtx) must be available in a place where TeX can find it. This is
-necessary for the apacite package if an author index is requested, and this is
-done in the document apacite.tex.
-
-If you have a problem with the package/bibstyle that is not described in the
-documentation, please locate it as specifically as possible and E-Mail me a
-short but comprehensive description of the problem and the pieces of the .tex
-and .bib files that seem to be invoking the problem. If I have time, I will
-have a look and answer (and, I hope, solve the problem).
-
-Good luck with it!
-
-Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl>
-
+ +THE APACITE PACKAGE +=================== + +Description +----------- + +The apacite package (for LaTeX and BibTeX) implements the requirements +of the American Psychological Association concerning citations and +reference list. In addition, it provides a large number of options and +other possibilities for customization, so that a wide range of citation +styles and reference list styles can be handled. Furthermore, it also +provides the possibility of automatically generating an author index. + + +Copyright and license +--------------------- + +Copyright (C) 1994-2007 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed +elsewhere in this package. + +This package may be distributed and/or modified under the +conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either +version 1.3 of this license or (at your option) any later +version. The latest version of this license is in: + + http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt + +and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of +LaTeX version 2005/12/01 or later. + +See the file apacite.dtx for more details. + + +Building the package and its documentation +------------------------------------------ + +The generated LaTeX package (.sty), BibTeX style (.bst), and supporting +files (.apc, .bib, .drv) are extracted by running: + +tex apacite.ins + + +The documentation is generated by the following sequence: + +pdflatex apacite.drv <== Produces apacite.pdf (documentation) +bibtex apacite <== Produces apacite.bbl (reference list) +pdflatex apacite.drv <== Include ref. list +pdflatex apacite.drv <== Resolve citations +pdflatex apacite.drv <== 'Labels may have changed' +makeindex -o apacite.and apacite.adx <== (author index) +pdflatex apacite.drv <== Include author index +pdflatex apacite.drv <== Resolve table of contents + +Note that apacite comes with pre-built documentation (PDF format, +U.S. letter-sized paper), so you only need to regenerate the +documentation if you are unhappy with the documentation as +provided. For example, if you want to generate a version for +A4 paper, or if you want the full reference manual, including the +documented source code and change log. In the latter case, +insert the following lines in the sequence, after generating +the author index: + +makeindex -s gind.ist apacite <== Produces apacite.ind (code index) +makeindex -s gglo.ist -o apacite.gls apacite.glo <== (change log) + diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf Binary files differindex 8cb868f330c..ed50e7a8167 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.pdf diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 5f7c318f3d9..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/apacite.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4082 +0,0 @@ -% \iffalse meta-comment -% -% This is file `apacite.tex'. -% -% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed -% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved. -% -% This file is part of the `apacite' package. -% ------------------------------------------- -% -% It may be distributed and/or modified under the -% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 -% of this license or (at your option) any later version. -% The latest version of this license is in -% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt -% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX -% version 2003/12/01 or later. -% -% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a -% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'. -% -% \fi - -%% apacite.tex : User's manual and test of the apacite package -%% Written by Erik Meijer <e.meijer@eco.rug.nl> -%% This version: [2005/06/08] -%% -%% See the README file for instructions how to process this file. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% BASIC DOCUMENTCLASS AND LOADING OF PACKAGES -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\documentclass{article} - -%%% The following line can be uncommented to test compatibility with TeX4ht. -%\usepackage{tex4ht} - -%%% The following line is used for references to internet sources. -%%% It is not generally necessary for apacite, but used in the examples. -\usepackage{url} - -%%% The following lines can be uncommented to test compatibility with -%%% the mentioned other packages and test the language support of -%%% apacite. -%\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref]{hyperref}% citations are not links here -%\usepackage[english]{babel}% babel must be loaded before apacite -%\usepackage{german} - -%%% Loading apacite with (or without) author index option. -%\usepackage[tocindex,hyper]{apacite} -\usepackage[tocindex]{apacite} -%\usepackage{apacite} - -%%% More compatibility tests with other packages. -%\usepackage{backref}% the order of backref vs. apacite seems irrelevant -%\usepackage[dvips,pagebackref]{hyperref} % 1991a does not work here - -%%% Explicitly check loading of backref. This information -%%% is used at the end of the document to change a few settings in order -%%% to prevent some errors. This explicit check is more convenient than -%%% simply defining the corresponding \if..., because the \usepackage's -%%% above can now be commented or uncommented without having to worry -%%% about these side-effects. -\makeatletter -\newif\ifbackrefloaded -\AtBeginDocument{% - \@ifpackageloaded{backref}{\backrefloadedtrue}{\backrefloadedfalse}% -} -\makeatother - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% DOCUMENT-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS THAT MAY BE USEFUL FOR WIDER USE. -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% Corporate author -\newcommand{\bibcorporate}[1]{#1} - -% Echo argument literally. Can be used to define a certain author type -% (``Producer'') in a place where \BibTeX{} expects a first name. -% Using this command between a pair of braces makes sure that the text -% is not abbreviated into an initial. -\newcommand{\bibliteral}[1]{#1} - -% If the argument is a period (`.'), \BibTeX{} puts no period after it. -\newcommand{\bibnodot}[1]{} - -% For ``On cdtitle [CD]'' etc., to be used instead of ``In''. -\newcommand{\BOn}{On} - -% Reverse order. Can be used for various reasons. -\newcommand{\SwapArgs}[2]{#2#1} - -% The following macro is esp. useful if the year field must be different -% in text and in reference list. E.g., if 1992/1993 in text and 1992 -% in reference list. Then year can be defined as \bibreftext{1992}{1992/1993}. -% The definition below displays only the second argument (``text''). -% Just before the reference list, this can then be changed to -% display only the first argument (``ref''). -\newcommand{\bibreftext}[2]{#2} - -% The same command, but now intended for Dutch-style ``von'' parts. -\newcommand{\Dutchvon}[2]{#2} - -% The following macro changes the definitions of the macros \BED and \BEDS -% to the argument and then immediately changes the definitions back to their -% old definitions. So it makes a one-time change. Can be used to use -% ``Producer'' instead of ``Ed.'' etc. -\newcommand{\bibeditortype}[1]{\relax}% -\def\renewbibeditortype{% - \def\oldBED{}% - \def\oldBEDS{}% - \def\bibeditortype##1{% - \global\let\oldBED\BED - \global\let\oldBEDS\BEDS - \global\def\BED{##1\global\let\BED\oldBED \global\let\BEDS\oldBEDS}% - \global\def\BEDS{##1\global\let\BED\oldBED \global\let\BEDS\oldBEDS}% - }% -} - -% The following macro changes the definition of the macro \BIn to the -% argument and then immediately changes the definition back to the old -% definition. So it makes a one-time change. Can be used to use ``On'' -% instead of ``In'' for a CD-track. -\newcommand{\bibInstring}[1]{% - \global\let\oldBIn\BIn - \global\def\BIn{#1\global\let\BIn\oldBIn}% -} - -% The \bibskipbracenodot macro suppresses the period after a following closing -% brace. It does not work entirely well at the moment. In particular, it -% works differently in an \AX macro in text and an \AX macro in the -% reference list. This has something to do with robust vs. fragile macros -% and/or expansion of the macro. I have experimented a lot with many -% variations, but don't seem to get it right. I don't understand these -% issues well yet. -\makeatletter -\def\swallownext#1{\relax} -\def\swallowdot{% - \@ifnextchar.% - {\swallownext}% - {\relax}% -} - -% When the above does not work, \bibskipbracenodot should reduce to nothing. -% This is the current definition. Just before the bibliography, it is -% redefined. -\def\bibskipbracenodot{\noexpand\bibskipbracenodot} - - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% CITATIONS TO THE BIBLE -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% The APA manual gives some rules how the Bible and other classic -% works should be cited. These rules are not implemented in standard -% apacite, so I provide a workaround here. - -%%% To define which Bible version you used. -\def\bibleversion#1{\gdef\@bibleversion{#1}} -\def\@bibleversion{Revised Standard Version} - -\def\bibleciteA#1{% - % If this is the first citation, add bible version. - {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}% - {\fullbibleciteA{#1}}% - {\shortbibleciteA{#1}}% - }% -} - -\def\fullbibleciteA#1{% - % Insert relevant chapter and verse. - {#1}% - { \BBOP\@bibleversion\BBCP}% - % Flag that bible has been cited. - {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% -} - -\def\shortbibleciteA#1{% - % Insert relevant chapter and verse. - {#1}% - % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?). - {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% -} - -\def\biblecite#1{% - % If this is the first citation, add bible version. - {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}% - {\fullbiblecite{#1}}% - {\shortbiblecite{#1}}% - }% -} - -\def\fullbiblecite#1{% - % Open parenthesis. - {\BBOP}% - % Insert relevant chapter and verse. - {#1}% - % Add bible version. - {\BBAY{} \@bibleversion}% - % Close parenthesis. - {\BBCP}% - % Flag that bible has been cited. - {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% -} - -\def\shortbiblecite#1{% - % Open parenthesis. - {\BBOP}% - % Insert relevant chapter and verse. - {#1}% - % Close parenthesis. - {\BBCP}% - % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?). - {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% -} - -\def\bibleciteNP#1{% - % If this is the first citation, add bible version. - {\@ifundefined{flag@bible}% - {\fullbibleciteNP{#1}}% - {\shortbibleciteNP{#1}}% - }% -} - -\def\fullbibleciteNP#1{% - % Insert relevant chapter and verse. - {#1}% - % Add bible version. - {\BBAY{} \@bibleversion}% - % Flag that bible has been cited. - {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% -} - -\def\shortbibleciteNP#1{% - % Insert relevant chapter and verse. - {#1}% - % Flag that bible has been cited (is this appropriate?). - {\global\expandafter\def\csname flag@bible\endcsname{DUMMY}}% -} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% COMMANDS TO CITE SONGS. -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% The APA manual gives some rules how songs should be cited. These -% rules require some tweaking of standard apacite. This is done here. - -\newcommand{\bibsong}[4]{} - -\newcommand{\citeAsong}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% - }% - \citeauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\fullciteAsong}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% - }% - \fullciteauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\shortciteAsong}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - \APACciteatitle{##3} {\BBOP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% - }% - \shortciteauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\citesong}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% - }% - \citeauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\fullcitesong}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% - }% - \fullciteauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\shortcitesong}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - {\BBOP}\APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}{\BBCP}% - }% - \shortciteauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\citesongNP}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}% - }% - \citeauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\fullcitesongNP}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}% - }% - \fullciteauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -\newcommand{\shortcitesongNP}[1]{% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{% - \APACciteatitle{##3},{\BAP}{##1}{\BBAY}{##2}{\BBN}{##4}% - }% - \shortciteauthor{#1}% - \def\bibsong##1##2##3##4{}% -} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% COMMANDS TO CITE DSM. -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% The APA manual gives some rules how the DSM should be cited, which -% is a bit different from ordinary citations. These rules are not -% implemented in standard apacite, so I provide a workaround here. - -\newcommand{\DSMciteA}[1]{% - \@for\@citec:=#1\do{% - % Check whether citation is defined. - \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}% - {\citeA{\@citec}}% - {\citeauthor{\@citec}}% - }% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMfullciteA}[1]{% - \fullciteA{#1}% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMshortciteA}[1]{% - \shortciteauthor{#1}% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMcite}[1]{% - {\BBOP}% - \@for\@citec:=#1\do{% - % Check whether citation is defined. - \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}% - {\citeNP{\@citec}}% - {\citeauthor{\@citec}}% - }% - {\BBCP}% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMfullcite}[1]{% - \fullcite{#1}% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMshortcite}[1]{% - {\BBOP}\shortciteauthor{#1}{\BBCP}% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMciteNP}[1]{% - \@for\@citec:=#1\do{% - % Check whether citation is defined. - \@ifundefined{flag@\@citec\@extra@b@citeb}% - {\citeNP{\@citec}}% - {\citeauthor{\@citec}}% - } -} - -\newcommand{\DSMfullciteNP}[1]{% - \fullciteNP{#1}% -} - -\newcommand{\DSMshortciteNP}[1]{% - \shortciteauthor{#1}% -} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% DOCUMENT-SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% These are some commands that are used in this document, but are -% presumably not especially relevant for users. - -\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em - T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}% copied from bibtex.web -\newcommand{\MakeIndex}{\textit{MakeIndex}} -\newcommand{\latextohtml}{\textup{\LaTeX2\texttt{HTML}}}% from html.sty -\newcommand{\LaTeXrtf}{\textup{\LaTeX2RTF}}% -\newcommand{\TeXht}{\textup{\TeX4ht}}% -\newcommand{\Perl}{\textsl{Perl}}% - -% My comments accompanying the examples. -\newcommand{\EM}{\ensuremath{\triangleright\quad}} - -% The date of a version of apacite. Makes it easy to search the document -% for these dates. The \relax is a safety measure (probably not needed), -% which ensures that the square brackets are never interpreted as an -% optional argument. -\newcommand{\APACversiondate}[1]{\relax [#1]} - -\newcommand{\LC}{\mbox{${}^{\dag}$}}% \LaTeX{} Companion -\newcommand{\X}{\ensuremath{\times}}% for one table -\newcommand{\Y}{\ensuremath{c}}% for one table - -\newcommand{\pkg}[1]{\textsf{#1}}% package name -\newcommand{\fname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% file name -\newcommand{\fieldname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% field name -\newcommand{\entryname}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% entry type name -\newcommand{\pkgoption}[1]{\texttt{#1}}% package option -\newcommand{\cmd}[1]{\texttt{\string#1}}% command, incl. `\' - -% Some trickery with backslashes and @ signs. -\newcommand{\bs}{{\ttfamily \@backslashchar}}% backslash -\newcommand{\opt}[1]{$\langle${\itshape #1}$\rangle$}% generic text - -% For \nocite{keys}: -\newcommand{\cmdtwo}[2]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1\{}\opt{#2}% - \texttt{\}}}}% -% For \cite[post]{keys}: -\newcommand{\cmdthree}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1[}\opt{#2}% - \texttt{]\{}\opt{#3}% - \texttt{\}}}}% -% For \cite<pre>{keys}: -\newcommand{\cmdthreepre}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1<}\opt{#2}% - \texttt{>\{}\opt{#3}% - \texttt{\}}}}% -% For \usepackage[options]{apacite}: -\newcommand{\cmdthreealt}[3]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1[}\opt{#2}% - \texttt{]\{#3\}}}}% -% For all \cite<pre>[post]{keys} variants: -\newcommand{\cmdfour}[4]{{\mdseries\bs\texttt{#1<}\opt{#2}% - \texttt{>[}\opt{#3}% - \texttt{]\{}\opt{#4}% - \texttt{\}}}}% - -% It is not clear where and how the \flqq command is defined, so provide -% an escape if it is not available. -\AtBeginDocument{% - \@ifundefined{flqq}{% - \newcommand{\flqq}{\raisebox{2pt}{\ensuremath{{\scriptscriptstyle\ll}}}}% - \newcommand{\frqq}{\raisebox{2pt}{\ensuremath{{\scriptscriptstyle\gg}}}}% - }{}}% - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\makeatother -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -%%% START OF ``NORMAL'' PART OF DOCUMENT -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\title{The \pkg{apacite} package\vspace{0.3\baselineskip}\\ - \large Citation and reference list with \LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{} - according to the rules of the American Psychological Association} -\author{Erik Meijer\\ - \normalsize\itshape - Department of Econometrics, - University of Groningen\\ - \normalsize\itshape - PO Box 800, - 9700 AV Groningen, - The Netherlands\\ - \normalsize - E-Mail: \textsf{e.meijer@eco.rug.nl} -} -\date{June 8, 2005} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\begin{document} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\maketitle -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\begin{abstract} - \noindent - This document describes and tests the \pkg{apacite} package - \APACversiondate{2005/06/08}. This is a package that can be used with - \LaTeX{} and \BibTeX{} to generate citations and a reference list, - formatted according to the rules of the American Psychological Association. - Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} contains an option to (almost) automatically - generate an author index as well. The package can be customized in many - ways. -\end{abstract} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\tableofcontents -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Introduction} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The American Psychological Association (APA) is very strict about the style in -which manuscripts submitted to its journals are written and formatted. The -requirements of the APA are described in the \emph{Publication Manual of the -American Psychological Association}, the latest version of which is the 5th -edition \cite{APAManual}. In the sequel, this is simply called the \emph{APA -manual}. - -The APA manual discusses how candidate authors should write their manuscripts: -writing style, parts of a manuscript and their order, presentation of the -results in the form of tables and figures, and so forth. Candidate authors -should study this and adhere to this. - -The APA manual also gives specific rules about the formatting of a manuscript. -This includes double spacing, a running head, the typographic style of section -headings, the placement of tables and figures on separate pages at the end of -the document, and so forth. \LaTeX{} users will recognize these as ``style'' -elements that should be defined in a package (\fname{.sty} file) or class -(\fname{.cls} file). Their specific documents (\fname{.tex} file) should be -largely style-independent. This idea of separating content and logical -structure from specific formatting is one of the basic elements of \LaTeX{} -\cite[p.~7]{LaTeXbook}. - -An implementation of the formatting rules of the APA manual for use with -\LaTeX{} is the \pkg{apa} class of Athanassios Protopapas. This handles all -kinds of issues about general document formatting, title page, section -headings, figures and tables, and so forth. Therefore, if you intend to submit -a manuscript to an APA journal, I strongly recommend using the \pkg{apa} -class. - -An important part of the APA style is the way citations and the reference list -should be formatted. This takes 75 pages in the APA manual (pp.~207--281, -excluding the references to legal materials). This part is not handled by the -\pkg{apa} class, but by the \pkg{apacite} package. The \pkg{apa} class -requires the \pkg{apacite} package, but \pkg{apacite} can be used without -\pkg{apa}. The current document, for example, does not use the \pkg{apa} -class, because I find it desirable that possible users can study the -\pkg{apacite} package and its documentation without having to install several -other classes and packages first. Therefore, the current document uses -standard \LaTeX{} as much as possible. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection*{Some history} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -Before the advent of the first version of \pkg{apacite} in 1994, several -authors have written \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} packages (\fname{.sty}) and \BibTeX{} -style files (\fname{.bst}) with suggestive names as \pkg{apalike}, -\pkg{newapa}, and \pkg{theapa} to try to capture some of the requirements of -the APA manual. A severe problem with the APA citations is that, if the number -of authors is between three and five, inclusive, the first citation must -include all authors, whereas subsequent citations should refer to the first -author ``et al.''. This problem had been solved by the \pkg{newapa} and -\pkg{theapa} packages. - -A lot of APA peculiarities, however, were not covered by these citation -styles. Examples are: -\begin{itemize} - \item In the reference list, authors should be formatted with - their initials after their surnames. Editors, however, - should be formatted with their initials \emph{before} their - surnames if they are not in the author position. - \item If the work referred to is a non-English-language source, - the English translation of the title should be given in - brackets after the title. - \item Edition and volume of a book and the pages of an article - in that book should be gathered between a single pair - of parentheses. - \item The publisher of a book and its address should be given as - ``address: publisher'', and not as ``publisher, address''. - \item When the work used is a reprint or translation of an - earlier work, this should be mentioned in the reference - list. In text, the year must be given in the form - ``1923/1961''. - \item There are several ``tricky'' things with brackets and - parentheses, for example, with the type of an article - (e.g., ``Letter to the editor'', - ``Review of the book \emph{The social life of information}'', - ``Abstract'', ``Special issue''). Furthermore, magazine and - newspaper articles are treated differently than journal - articles; papers presented at meetings must be treated - differently; translators of articles and books and chairs - of symposia must be introduced; an article can have editors - instead of authors (e.g., with a special issue); a PhD thesis - can be abstracted in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts International}; - a (technical) report of some institution can be an (edited) - collection of articles. -\end{itemize} -The \pkg{apacite} package is devised to get (much) closer to the APA rules -than the abovementioned other packages and styles. - -The original version of the \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package consisted for -a large part of the citation part of \fname{theapa.sty}. The current version, -however, has been changed and extended in many ways and can therefore not be -considered a straightforward adaptation of \fname{theapa.sty} anymore, -although it provides largely the same commands, such as \cmd{\citeA}, and -peculiarities in the command definitions, such as the use of \verb+<...>+ for -a prefix note and \verb+[...]+ for a postfix note. - -Although the \fname{apacite.bst} \BibTeX{} style started out as a slightly -adapted version of \fname{theapa.bst}, the number of changes became so large -and things became so unmanageable that I decided to write a completely new -bibstyle, although using some small parts of the original. The -\fname{apacite.bst} file can therefore not anymore be seen as an adaptation of -\fname{theapa.bst}. Due to the complex rules of the APA manual, it has become -a large file. In the original process of writing (back in 1994), the error -\begin{verbatim} -You've exceeded BibTeX's wizard-defined function space -\end{verbatim} -was very hard to overcome. It appears that later versions of \BibTeX{} allowed -much more space, because I have not received this message anymore in recent -years, although the bibstyle has been expanded considerably. However, if you -run an old \BibTeX{}, you may encounter this (and similar) error messages. - -In the ``dark years'' between 1994 and 2003, in which there was no official -new version of \pkg{apacite}, I have been fixing small bugs, discovered either -by me or by users who sent in their bug reports, and adding some small options -that were easy to incorporate and that I found useful or that were requested -by a user. Furthermore, in 1998, I spent considerable effort in adding an -(almost) automatic author indexing option, first used for my PhD thesis -\cite{meijer1998}. - -In the first few months of 2003, I fixed a number of problems with the -compatibility between \pkg{apacite} and some other important packages. -Although I had been planning (or wishing, rather) to release a proper official -update of \pkg{apacite} for some time, I had not done so, mainly because I had -not yet taken the time to update the documentation. The compatibility issues -were so severe, however, that I decided in March 2003 to release an -intermediate update, which thus became the first official release since the -original version. This version contained a lot of files with compatibility -patches and tests. The main shortcomings of that version were the lack of -up-to-date documentation and the lack of agreement with the latest version of -the APA manual (5th ed., 2001). - -In September 2003, I finally released a complete, fully updated and -significantly extended version of \pkg{apacite}, including extensive -documentation. However, that version still was not able to format some -citations correctly. The \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version was a small -improvement of the \APACversiondate{2003/09/05} version, but fixed the -important inadequacies of previous versions. - -The current version is also a relatively minor update, but it may be important -for some users. The main difference with previous versions is that it offers -support of non-English languages, although this is still limited. Moreover, -this is clearly a non-APA direction, because all APA publications are in -English. However, many journals, universities, etc.\ in non-English speaking -countries base their rules on the APA rules, and thus it may be useful to have -the possibility to use \pkg{apacite} in combination with documents in -non-English languages as well. See section~\ref{sec:compat-babel} for a -description of the implementation of this feature. - -Apart from this language support and the facilities for customization, the -current version of \pkg{apacite} is aimed at conforming with the 5th edition -of the APA manual. It remains, however, imperfect, although the instances of -wrongly formatted cases will be rare. Many problems can be solved by -``tricking'' the style (e.g., by defining the \fieldname{number} field as -``\verb+2, Serial No. 186+'' if the issue number and serial number of a -journal are both important), but this makes the \fname{.bib} file less -compatible with other styles. In the test examples in section~\ref{sec:xmpl} -below, many tricks are used and discussed. Remaining problems, omissions, and -things-to-be-done can be found in section~\ref{sec:todo}. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection*{Philosophy of \pkg{apacite}} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -As can be deduced from the discussion thus far, the first priority of -\pkg{apacite} is to implement the rules of the APA manual with regard to -citation and reference list as closely as possible. However, just like its -predecessors, \pkg{apacite} offers some possibilities for customization as -well. Many details of \pkg{apacite}, particularly punctuation and some fixed -texts (e.g., ``Tech.\ Rep.'') can be changed easily by the user by redefining -some commands in \LaTeX{}. Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} also offers several -proper options to change some of its settings. - -Whether certain options or customizable aspects are implemented depends on two -criteria: (1) Is it possible, easy (enough), and convenient to implement them -without compromising the ability to adhere to the APA rules, and (2) Do I (EM) -consider them important or useful enough to spend time to implement them. -Actually, the decision process is the reverse of this: First, I decide whether -I find it a relevant or useful option. If not, I will not implement it. If so, -I will think about if and how I can implement it. If I have an idea for a -solution that is practically feasible, I will pursue it. If I don't see a -solution, if I think it will take me too much time, or if I think a solution -will be inconvenient to other users, then I will not pursue it. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection*{Changes since the \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The changes since the \APACversiondate{2004/07/01} version are: -\begin{itemize} -\item Addition of the \cmd{\BBYY} command (see page~\pageref{cmd:BBYY}). -\item Limited language support (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}). -\item Resolved some compatibility problems between \pkg{apacite} and - \pkg{natbib} (see section~\ref{sec:compat-natbib}). -\item Fixed a bug that caused a compatibility problem when \pkg{apacite} - was used without one of the author indexing options, but other - indexes were requested in the document. -\item Updated the manual (the current document); rewrote some sections. -\item Improved some of the ``dirty tricks'' in \fname{apacite.tex} - (see section~\ref{sec:xmpl}). -\item Some minor changes that most users will not notice. -\end{itemize} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Basic usage and options} -\label{sec:usage} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The current \pkg{apacite} distribution consists of the following files: -\begin{description} -\item[\fname{apacite.sty}] The \LaTeX{} citation package. This must - be placed in a directory where \TeX{} can find it; -\item[\fname{apacite.bst}] The \BibTeX{} reference list style. This - must be placed in a directory where \BibTeX{} can find it; -\item[\fname{apacitex.bst}] The \BibTeX{} reference list style with - added author index support. This must also be placed in a directory - where \BibTeX{} can find it; -\item[\fname{apacite.tex}] Extensive user's manual and test of the - \pkg{apacite} package; -\item[\fname{apacite.pdf}] The processed version of \fname{apacite.tex} - so you can read the manual without having to install the package first; -\item[\fname{apa5ex.bib}] The file with bibliographic information - about the references in \fname{apacite.tex}; -\item[\fname{manifest.txt}] The list of files belonging to the \pkg{apacite} - package, with a short description; -\item[\fname{README}] A brief description of the package; -\item[\fname{lang/}] A directory containing language-specific files - (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}). -\end{description} -The \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package is loaded by putting -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\cmdthreealt{usepackage}{options}{apacite} -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -somewhere in your document between \verb+\documentclass+ and -\verb+\begin{document}+, or putting -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\cmdthreealt{RequirePackage}{options}{apacite} -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -in your own personal \LaTeX{} package (say, \fname{mysettings.sty}) -that is loaded by your document. - -The following options are recognized by \pkg{apacite}: -\begin{description} -\item[\pkgoption{BCAY}] \mbox{}\\ - This is a technical option for backwards compatibility with old versions - (pre-\APACversiondate{2003/09/05}) of \pkg{apacite}. In those versions of - \pkg{apacite}, the \cmd{\BCAY} construction was used to pass relevant - citation information from the \fname{.bbl} file (\BibTeX{}'s output) to - \LaTeX{}. This was taken over from its immediate predecessor, Young U. Ryu's - \pkg{theapa}. However, \pkg{natbib} does not recognize the \cmd{\BCAY} - construction, but it does recognize the analogous \cmd{\citeauthoryear} - construction, which was also used by an earlier predecessor of - \pkg{apacite}, \pkg{newapa}. Therefore, \pkg{apacite} has reverted to - \cmd{\citeauthoryear} as well. This makes different versions of - \pkg{apacite} incompatible with each other, because it is not possible to - support both constructions at the same time. This option is used to fix - that: In the (unlikely) event that you \emph{must} use a \fname{.bbl} file - that is generated by an old version of \pkg{apacite}, you can turn this - option on. - -\item[\pkgoption{accentfix}] \mbox{}\\ - A cedilla accent (`\c{c}': \verb+\c{c}+) in an author name used to lead to - errors, only due to the check whether subsequent authors in the same - citation are equivalent. The same problem is anticipated with the - \verb+\b{...}+ (`\b{o}') accent, the \verb+\d{...}+ (`\d{o}') accent, and - the \verb+\copyright+ (\copyright) symbol (Will the latter ever turn up in - an author name?), due to the same use of \cmd{\crcr}, cf.\ - \citeA[p.~356]{TeXbook}. - - This fix therefore redefines these to sensible alternatives, only for - comparison of authors, not for any real formatting. Therefore, the user - should not notice this, apart from the lack of error messages, of course. - Therefore, it is also a default option. However, because I am not entirely - sure that there are no possible adverse effects, I give the user the option - to turn it off (\pkgoption{noaccentfix}). The user is then responsible for - fixing any error messages generated by such characters. - -\item[\pkgoption{noaccentfix}] \mbox{}\\ - Turns \pkgoption{accentfix} off. - -\item[\pkgoption{index}] -\item[\pkgoption{stdindex}] -\item[\pkgoption{tocindex}] -\item[\pkgoption{emindex}] \mbox{}\\ - These four options turn author indexing on, but differ in the way the index - is formatted. See section~\ref{sec:autindex} for a discussion of the author - indexing facility. These should be used with the \fname{apacitex.bst} - \BibTeX{} style, see below, although they also work with - \fname{apacite.bst}, but that does not give author index entries, so these - options then typically do not have any effect (and an undesirable effect if - they do). - -\item[\pkgoption{noindex}] \mbox{}\\ - Turns author indexing off (the default). Typically used with - \fname{apacite.bst}, but can also be used with \fname{apacitex.bst}. In the - latter case, the author indexing commands are simply ignored. Therefore, - \fname{apacite.bst} is actually superfluous, but because author indexing - will be used rarely and it is more likely to lead to errors or - incompatibilities, a ``clean'' (no author indexing) version, - \fname{apacite.bst}, is provided as well. - -\item[\pkgoption{numberedbib}] \mbox{}\\ - This option implies that the bibliography (reference list) is a numbered - section or chapter, e.g., ``6.~References'', instead of just ``References''. - -\item[\pkgoption{unnumberedbib}] \mbox{}\\ - The reverse of \pkgoption{numberedbib}: The bibliography is an unnumbered - section or chapter. This is the default. However, it is possible that when - using the \pkg{apa} document class, then \pkgoption{numberedbib} works - better, because that class turns section numbering off anyway and it may be - that \pkg{apa}'s page headings work well if the reference list is a - \cmd{\section} and not if it is a \cmd{\section*}. I have not experimented - with this (yet), however. - -\item[\pkgoption{sectionbib}] \mbox{}\\ - With this option, the bibliography is a section and not a chapter. Mainly - useful in combination with the \pkg{chapterbib} package. Therefore, it will - be discussed in more detail in section~\ref{sec:compat-chapterbib}. - -\item[\pkgoption{nosectionbib}] \mbox{}\\ - With this option, the bibliography is a chapter, if the \cmd{\chapter} - command is defined. Otherwise, it is always a section. Again, see - section~\ref{sec:compat-chapterbib}. - -\item[\pkgoption{tocbib}] \mbox{}\\ - This puts the bibliography in the table of contents, even if it is - unnumbered, provided of course that a table of contents is requested in the - document (by \cmd{\tableofcontents}). This is the default. - -\item[\pkgoption{notocbib}] \mbox{}\\ - This does not put the bibliography in the table of contents if it is an - unnumbered section or chapter. If it's numbered, it is always in the table - of contents. - -\item[\pkgoption{bibnewpage}] \mbox{}\\ - The bibliography is started on a new page. This is required by some journal - styles, including the APA manual. The \pkg{apa} class already contained this - in its \pkgoption{man} option, but now it has been made available directly - in \pkg{apacite}. - -\item[\pkgoption{nobibnewpage}] \mbox{}\\ - The bibliography is not explicitly started on a new page, although if the - bibliography is a chapter, it will be started on a new page anyway, because - chapters are started on a new page. This is the default in \pkg{apacite} and - thus is the only time a non-APA setting is used as default instead of an - available APA setting. Therefore, to satisfy the APA rules, you have to - request the \pkgoption{bibnewpage} option explicitly. - -\item[\pkgoption{hyper}] \mbox{}\\ - This switches on some code provided by Ross Moore that makes \pkg{apacite} - and \pkg{hyperref} compatible to some extent. However, this also violates - the APA manual rules somewhat, so it is not a default option. See - section~\ref{sec:compat-hyper} for a more detailed description. - -\item[\pkgoption{nohyper}] \mbox{}\\ - This switches off the code of the \pkgoption{hyper} option mentioned above. - This is the default. -\end{description} -% -To load the \fname{apacite.bst} or \fname{apacitex.bst} bibliography style in -\BibTeX{}, put -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\verb+\bibliographystyle{apacite}+ -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -or -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\verb+\bibliographystyle{apacitex}+ -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -respectively, in your document before the \cmd{\bibliography} command. The -position of the bibliography (reference list) is determined by the line -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\cmdtwo{bibliography}{bibfiles} -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -where \opt{bibfiles} is a list of filenames with \fname{.bib} extension, which -contain the bibliographic information that is used by \BibTeX{} to construct -the reference list. Usually, the \cmd{\bibliographystyle} and -\cmd{\bibliography} are kept together (immediately follow each other) in the -document, although when you are using the \pkg{apa} document class, -\pkg{apacite} is used by definition and you are not supposed to use the -\cmd{\bibliographystyle} command yourself. See the documentation of the -\pkg{apa} documentclass for details about this. - -If you use one of the author indexing options, the author index is put in -the \LaTeX{} output by the line -\begin{verbatim} -\printindex[autx] -\end{verbatim} -If you put this line in your document, but use the \pkgoption{noindex} option -(either explicitly or implicitly by requesting no other index option), it will -be ignored. For more on author indexing, see section~\ref{sec:autindex}. - -To get all parts in the final output, the following sequence of runs should -typically be taken (when starting from scratch): (1) \LaTeX{}, (2) \BibTeX{}, -(3) \LaTeX{}, (4) \LaTeX{}, and, when author indexing is on, (5) \MakeIndex{}, -(6) \LaTeX{}, and (7) \LaTeX{}. The last one is to get the index in the table -of contents. If the table of contents is on a regular page, i.e., an -arabic-numbered page instead of a roman-numbered page in the front matter, it -may even be necessary to run \MakeIndex{} another time, followed by \LaTeX{} -once or twice. Occasionally, somewhere in the process, \LaTeX{} may complain -about labels that may have changed, which requires even more additional -\LaTeX{} runs at that stage. So the number of runs that are necessary to get -everything right may become large. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{The citation commands} -\label{sec:cite} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -In this section, the commands are described that can be used to cite a work. -Their default behavior will be explained. In section~\ref{sec:custom}, -customization of this behavior will be discussed. Extensive examples are given -in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}. - -If the \pkg{apacite} package is loaded, the following citation commands can be -used. -\begin{description} - \item[\cmdfour{cite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{fullcite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{shortcite}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - These three commands produce parenthetical citations of the - following form: - ``(\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Year1}; - \opt{Authors2}, \opt{Year2}; \ldots; \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{YearN}, - \opt{postfix})''. - The command \cmd{\fullcite} uses the ``full'' author list, and - the \cmd{\shortcite} command uses the abbreviated author list. - The \cmd{\cite} command uses the ``full'' list the first time - a work is referenced and the ``short'' list the second and - subsequent times. In accordance with the APA manual, the - ``full'' list consists of all authors if their number is five - or less, and the first author suffixed with ``et al.{}'' - if their number is six or more. Similarly, the ``short'' list - consists of all authors if their number is two or less and the - first author with ``et al.{}'' if their number is three or more. - There are some nuances for complicated situations. These will - be discussed in section~\ref{sec:xmpl}. - - If the (full) author lists of subsequent citations within the - same citation command are the same, they are not repeated; only - the years of the later citations are given. - This holds for all analogous cases as well. - - The prefix and postfix are optional. Thus, e.g., - \cmdtwo{cite}{keys}, \cmdthree{cite}{postfix}{keys}, - and \cmdthreepre{cite}{prefix}{keys} are also allowed. - This holds for all analogous cases as well. - - \item[\cmdfour{citeA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{fullciteA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{shortciteA}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - These commands are similar to the commands without the - ``\verb+A+'' suffix. They produce in-text citations of the form - ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1} (\opt{Year1}), - \opt{Authors2} (\opt{Year2}), \ldots, - \opt{AuthorsN} (\opt{YearN}, \opt{postfix})''. - Typically, the \opt{prefix} will be empty, because it is - part of the main text, and there typically will only be - one citation in \opt{keys} (unless the authors of - multiple citations are the same), because the authors' - names are also part of the main text. But it was easy - to provide the additional options, and this enhances - the similarity with the other citation commands, which - I found desirable. - - \item[\cmdfour{citeauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{fullciteauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{shortciteauthor}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - These commands are similar to their \cmd{\cite}-type - counterparts, except that they produce citations of the form - ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Authors2}, \ldots, - \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{postfix}'' - (the years and parentheses are left out). - This is typically used in a paragraph when a proper - citation (incl.\ year) to the same work has already been - given in the paragraph.% - \footnote{Note that a paragraph is not - a section. Nor does it need to be declared as a - \cmd{\paragraph}. A reminder for Dutch readers: - ``section'' = ``paragraaf'' and ``paragraph'' = ``alinea''.} - In such a case, according to the APA manual, the year must not be - repeated for repeated references to the same work in the same - paragraph. - - A second important application of these commands is - when some complex citations must be constructed, like - ``\citeauthor{4.05-1}'s \citeyear{4.05-1} theory'', - which makes combined use of \cmd{\citeauthor} and - \cmd{\citeyear}, see below. - - Normally, I would expect only one citation per - \cmd{\citeauthor}-type command, and no \opt{prefix} - or \opt{postfix}. - - \item[\cmdfour{citeyear}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - Produces citations of the form - ``(\opt{prefix} \opt{Year1}, \opt{Year2}, \ldots, \opt{YearN}, - \opt{postfix})''. - See the discussion of \cmd{\citeauthor} above. Typically, - the \opt{prefix} would be empty and multiple citations - would only be used if they have the same authors. - - \item[\cmdfour{citeyearNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - A ``no parentheses'' version of \cmd{\citeyear}. - Produces citations of the form - ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Year1}, \opt{Year2}, \ldots, \opt{YearN}, - \opt{postfix}''. Can be used for complex citations within - parenthetical material, like - ``the work of \citeauthor{3.99-15} (\citeyearNP{3.99-15}; - but see also \citeNP{3.99-16,3.99-17})'', - which also uses the \cmd{\citeNP} command, see below. - - \item[\cmdfour{citeNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{fullciteNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] - \item[\cmdfour{shortciteNP}{prefix}{postfix}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - ``No parentheses'' versions of \cmd{\cite}, \cmd{\fullcite}, - and \cmd{\shortcite}. They produce citations of the form - ``\opt{prefix} \opt{Authors1}, \opt{Year1}; - \opt{Authors2}, \opt{Year2}; \ldots; \opt{AuthorsN}, \opt{YearN}, - \opt{postfix}''. Can be used for complex citations within - parenthetical material, see the discussion of - \cmd{\citeyearNP} above. - - \item[\cmdtwo{nocite}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - The entries are included in the bibliography without - being cited in text. This is standard \LaTeX. - Note that the APA manual normally does not allow this. - The only exception concerns works that are studied in a - meta-analysis, but for these the \cmd{\nocitemeta} - command should be used. - - \item[\cmdtwo{nocitemeta}{keys}] \mbox{}\\ - This is similar to \cmd{\nocite}. It is used to get the - list of works included in a meta-analysis in the - bibliography. This command has the additional effect that - the corresponding items in the bibliography are preceded - by an asterisk ($\star$) and a remark explaining this - is inserted just before the bibliography, as required - by the APA manual. -\end{description} -In order to format the examples from the APA manual correctly in -section~\ref{sec:xmpl}, I have also defined the following additional citation -commands: \cmd{\DSMcite}, \cmd{\biblecite}, and \cmd{\citesong}, and obvious -variations with \verb+full+, \verb+short+, \verb+A+, and \verb+NP+. However, I -have decided not to include these in \fname{apacite.sty}. The most important -reason for this is that I find it unattractive to introduce different types of -citation commands for different types of citations. This also makes it more -difficult to use the same document with another citation package. I hope to be -able to provide, in a future version of \pkg{apacite}, more elegant solutions -to the problems for which these commands were defined. - -Nevertheless, I used these commands for the examples in section~\ref{sec:xmpl} -and therefore included their definitions at the top of the file -\fname{apacite.tex}. Thus, if you want to use them, you can copy their -definitions to the top of your own document or personal style file (say, -\fname{mysettings.sty}, do not change \fname{apacite.sty}), you can study -their behavior, and perhaps improve them. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Contents of the \fname{.bib} file} -\label{sec:bib} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The information that is used by \LaTeX/\BibTeX{} to generate -the citations and reference list must be stored by the user in one -or more files with the \fname{.bib} extension. -A detailed overview of the contents of the \fname{.bib} file is -given in \citeA[section~13.5]{LaTeXcomp}. Roughly speaking, the -\fname{.bib} file consists of a collection of \emph{entries} -of the form -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\verb+@+\opt{entryname}\verb+{+\opt{contents}\verb+}+ -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -Most entries describe a work that may be referenced, e.g., a book -or article. There are, however, two exceptions: a \entryname{preamble} -entry (with \opt{entryname} = \verb+preamble+) and a \entryname{string} -entry (with \opt{entryname} = \verb+string+). There is typically -at most one \entryname{preamble} entry. Its \opt{contents} consist of a -string---according to \BibTeX, i.e., between double quotes (\verb+"+) -or an additional pair of braces (\verb+{+ and \verb+}+). This -string, which typically consists of \LaTeX{} commands like -\verb+\newcommand{\SortNoop}[1]{}+, is literally included -in the document before the bibliography. It can therefore be used -to define commands that are used in the (other) entries of the -\fname{.bib} file and that are not standard \LaTeX{}. - -A \entryname{string} entry is similar, but the contents are now not -included in the document. Instead, the string is assigned to a kind of -``variable'', the name of which may contain characters -not usually associated with variable names, like colons and -hyphens, see \citeA[pp.~402--403]{LaTeXcomp}. An example of a -\entryname{string} entry is -\begin{verbatim} -@string{ JPSP = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology} } -\end{verbatim} -Then, if in a later entry, the journal is -\emph{Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, you can format this -as -\begin{verbatim} - journal = JPSP, -\end{verbatim} -instead of the usual -\begin{verbatim} - journal = {Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}, -\end{verbatim} -This is not only convenient because it saves typing of common -long journal names, but it can also be used to define -style-specific variations. For example, some styles abbreviate -journal names, such as -\emph{J. Pers. Soc. Psych.} instead of -\emph{Journal of Personality and Social Psychology}. -You could then put the definitions of all full journal names -in one \fname{.bib} file (\fname{fulljou.bib}, say) and the definitions -of the abbreviated journal names in another (\fname{abbrjou.bib}, say). -Suppose that the information about the referenced works is stored in a -third file, say, \fname{myrefs.bib}, and that the ``NotAPA'' -style rules, implemented in the \fname{notapa.bst} \BibTeX{} style file, -require the abbreviated journal names. Then you can use -\begin{verbatim} -\bibliographystyle{notapa} -\bibliography{abbrjou,myrefs} -\end{verbatim} -to obtain a reference list complying with the ``NotAPA'' rules. If -you change your mind and decide to switch to using the rules of the -APA manual, you only need to change the two lines above into -\begin{verbatim} -\bibliographystyle{apacite} -\bibliography{fulljou,myrefs} -\end{verbatim} -(and additionally load the \fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package -through \cmd{\usepackage}). - -In the accompanying \fname{.bib} file, I have used the -\entryname{string} entry -to put some comments in the file: -\begin{verbatim} -@string{ comment = { -\end{verbatim} -$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{comment text} -\begin{verbatim} -}} -\end{verbatim} -This is useful because \BibTeX{} does not have a comment character, e.g., the -percent sign does not work. If you put text between entries, this is ignored, -so you may not need a comment character, but I wanted to put my e-mail address -in the comments at the top of the file, and the \verb+@+ sign of an e-mail -address is interpreted as the start of a new entry by \BibTeX{}, unless it is -put into a string. - -The remaining entry types are types that correspond with the -type of a referenced work, e.g., \entryname{book} or -\entryname{article}. These entry types (reference types) are -discussed in section~\ref{subsec:types} below. -Such entries have the following structure: -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -\verb+@+\opt{entryname}\verb+{+\opt{key}\verb+,+\\ -$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldname1}\verb+ = +\opt{value1}\verb+,+\\ -$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldname2}\verb+ = +\opt{value2}\verb+,+\\ -$\mbox{}\qquad\qquad\vdots$\\ -$\mbox{}\qquad$\opt{fieldnameN}\verb+ = +\opt{valueN}\\ -\verb+}+ -\mbox{}\vspace{0.7\baselineskip}\\ -where \opt{key} corresponds to the key used in the citation -commands and matches the entry with the citation (and should -therefore be unique). The fieldnames are \verb+author+, \verb+year+, -etc., which are described in section~\ref{subsec:fields} below. -The values are strings, either defined previously by a -\entryname{string} entry or explicitly indicated as such here -by putting the relevant information between double quotes -(\verb+"+) or a pair of braces (\verb+{+ and \verb+}+). - -To be able to obey the rules of the APA manual, \pkg{apacite} -provides several fields and reference types that are not -described in the standard \BibTeX{} documentation -\cite<e.g.,>[chap.~13]{LaTeXcomp}. Furthermore, -the meaning and usage of many fields and reference types that -\emph{are} described there have been altered somewhat. Therefore, -a complete description is given here. -The symbol \LC{} will be used to indicate that the field or -reference type is also described in \citeA[Appendix~B]{LaTeXbook} -or \citeA[chapter~13]{LaTeXcomp}, although, as mentioned above, the -specific meaning of the item may have been changed. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Types of references} -\label{subsec:types} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -In this section, the list of reference types that are recognized by -\pkg{apacite} is given. An overview of which fields can be used for which -reference type is given in Table~\ref{tab:fieldref}. If fields are not -relevant, but you use them anyway in your \fname{.bib} file, they are ignored. -The fields and their use are described in more detail in -section~\ref{subsec:fields}, but here some specific issues will already be -mentioned. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\begin{table}[p] -\begin{center} -\caption{List of fields that are used by the various reference types - (blank = not used; \X{} = used; - \Y{} = used, but only for citations).} -\label{tab:fieldref} -\small -\makebox[0pt]{% some manipulation to squeeze the table onto the page -\newlength{\oldtabcolsep} -\setlength{\oldtabcolsep}{\tabcolsep} -\setlength{\tabcolsep}{2pt} -\begin{tabular}{@{}lcccccccccc@{}} -\hline - & \multicolumn{10}{c}{Reference type}\\ - \cline{2-11} -% -% Normally, I would use the sideways environment of the rotating -% package to format this nicely, but I do not want to require -% other packages to format this document, so I choose an uglier -% solution here. -% - & article\\ - & magazine & & & & & - & phdthesis\\ -Field - & newspaper & book & incollection & techreport & intechreport & lecture - & mastersthesis - & unpublished - & misc - & literal\\ -\hline -address & &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X&\X& \\ -annote & & & & & & & & & & \\ -author &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ -booktitle & & &\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -chair & & & & & &\X& & & & \\ -chapter & & &\X& & & & & & & \\ -day &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X& \\ -edition & &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & \\ -editor &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& & &\X&\X& \\ -englishtitle &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ -firstkey &\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ -howpublished &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ -institution & & & &\X&\X& & & & & \\ -journal &\X& & & & & &\X& & & \\ -key &\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ -month &\X& &\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X&\X& \\ -note &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ -number &\X&\X& &\X&\X& &\X&\X&\X& \\ -organization & & & & & & & &\X& & \\ -originaladdress &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originalbooktitle &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originaledition &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originaleditor &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originaljournal &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originalnumber &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originalpages &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originalpublisher &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originalvolume &\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & & & \\ -originalyear &\X&\X&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ -pages &\X& &\X& &\X& &\X& & & \\ -publisher & &\X&\X& & & & & &\X& \\ -school & & & & & & &\X& & & \\ -series & & & & & & & & & & \\ -symposium & & & & & &\X& & & & \\ -text & & & & & & & & & &\X\\ -title &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ -translator &\X&\X&\X&\Y&\X&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y&\Y\\ -type &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& \\ -volume &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X& &\X& & & \\ -year &\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\X&\Y\\ -\hline -\end{tabular}% -\setlength{\tabcolsep}{\oldtabcolsep} -} -\end{center} -% -\end{table} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -The following entry types (reference types) are defined in \pkg{apacite}: -\begin{description} - \item[\entryname{article}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - A journal article or comparable. If the - ``article'' referenced to is a special issue of a journal or - something else that has editors instead of authors, the - \fieldname{author} field should be empty and the \fieldname{editor} - field should be used for the editors. If the journal paginates - by issue instead of by volume, or when you are referring to a - whole special issue, the issue number should be given - in the \fieldname{number} field. In all other cases (including - referring to an article within a special issue), the - \fieldname{number} field must not be used. The \fieldname{type} - field can be used to denote the type of article, for example, - ``\verb+Letter to the editor+'', or - ``\verb+Review of the book \emph{Life in the middle}+''. - - \item[\entryname{magazine}] \mbox{}\\ - A magazine article. Unlike in previous versions of \pkg{apacite}, - this is now equivalent to \entryname{article}. However, with - an \entryname{article}, the \fieldname{month} and \fieldname{day} - fields should generally not be used, unless there is a compelling - reason to use them. For a magazine, the \fieldname{month}, and - \fieldname{day} (for weeklies) fields are commonly used. - - \item[\entryname{newspaper}] \mbox{}\\ - A newspaper article. This is similar to \entryname{article} and - \fieldname{magazine}, except that the pages are formatted a little - different, with ``pp. 23--49'' instead of just ``23--49''. - - \item[\entryname{book}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - An entire book. The \fieldname{type} field can now be used - to denote a specific type of item (so generally not strictly - a book), e.g., ``\verb+Brochure+''. Similarly, the - \fieldname{number} field can be used if this is considered - useful. (It is used in example 24 in the APA manual, see - below.) This seems quite rare to me, however. It should - certainly \emph{not} be used for ISBN numbers and the like. - - \item[\entryname{incollection}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - An article in a (usually edited) book, or other kind of larger - work, except a report, for which the \entryname{intechreport} - entry is used. The \fieldname{booktitle} field contains the - title of the whole collection (book). The \fieldname{type} - field is currently used to denote the type of article, as - with the \entryname{article} reference type, although in some - cases, it may be more naturally to let the \fieldname{type} - field contain the type of the whole work (e.g., CD). Therefore, - I may change this somewhat in future versions of \pkg{apacite}. - - \item[\entryname{techreport}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - A report. This may be a ``technical'' report such as published - by universities, or a report from government organizations or - private companies. The \fieldname{type} field can be used to - indicate what kind of report it is, e.g., - ``\verb+College Board Rep.+'' or ``\verb+{DHHS} Publication+''. - If the \fieldname{type} field is missing, the default type - ``\verb+Tech.\ Rep.{}+'' is used. If no type description should - be given, \verb+\bibnotype+ should be used as the contents of - the \fieldname{type} field. The \fieldname{number} field can - be used to give the report number. The organization that - published the report should be given in the \fieldname{institution} - field. - - \item[\entryname{intechreport}] \mbox{}\\ - An article in a (usually edited) report. This is more or less - a combination of \entryname{incollection} and - \entryname{techreport}. It uses the same fields as the former - to describe the article itself, except \fieldname{type}, e.g., - \fieldname{booktitle}, which is in this case the title of the - entire report, - and the same fields as the latter to describe the report. - In particular, the \fieldname{type}, \fieldname{number}, - and \fieldname{institution} fields are used for the report. - - \item[\entryname{lecture}] \mbox{}\\ - A paper presented at a meeting. According to the APA manual, - the year and month should be given, but \pkg{apacite} also - uses the \fieldname{day} field when available. - The \fieldname{symposium} field can be used for the - name of the symposium and the \fieldname{chair} field for the chair of - the meeting. The \fieldname{howpublished} field should be used to - indicate the occasion at which the paper was presented if the - \fieldname{symposium} field is empty, e.g., - ``\texttt{Paper presented at the meeting of the American - Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, - San Diego, CA}''. - It can also be used to give additional information about - the symposium if the \fieldname{symposium} field is not empty. - - \item[\entryname{phdthesis}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - A doctoral dissertation. The \fieldname{school} field is used - to denote the university for which the thesis was written. - The \fieldname{type} field can be used for the thesis type, - e.g., ``\verb+PhD thesis+''. If it is empty, the default type - is used, which is ``\verb+Unpublished doctoral dissertation+'' - or ``\verb+Doctoral dissertation+'', depending on whether - the \fieldname{journal} field is empty or not. - - If the thesis is abstracted in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts - International} or similar, then the \fieldname{journal}, - \fieldname{volume}, \fieldname{number}, and \fieldname{pages} fields - can be used as with journal articles. The \fieldname{year} field - should denote the year of the ``journal''. - The \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used to denote the year - of the original thesis, even if it is the same as the year of the - abstract, provided that the original thesis is used, and not - the abstract. Then, the \fieldname{school} field should also - be used, and optionally the \fieldname{type} field. If only - the abstract is used, it should presumably be treated as a - journal article. - - - \item[\entryname{mastersthesis}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - This is equivalent to the \entryname{phdthesis} type, except that - the default ``unpublished'' and ``published'' \fieldname{type}s are - ``\verb+Unpublished master's thesis+'' and - ``\verb+Master's thesis+''. - - \item[\entryname{unpublished}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - For unpublished manuscripts and similarly ``obscure'' material. - The \fieldname{howpublished} field will typically be used to - indicate what kind of work is referred to (e.g., - ``\verb+Unpublished manuscript+''). The \fieldname{organization} - field can be used to denote the organization in which the document - was produced, e.g., ``\texttt{Johns Hopkins University, Center - for Social Organization of Schools}''. Note that the larger - organization should be given first and the department after that. - The address (city and state, etc., see the discussion of the - \fieldname{address} field in section~\ref{subsec:fields} below) - of the organization should be given in the \fieldname{address} - field, unless it is already mentioned in the name of the - organization. Presumably, if the organization is - ``\verb+University of Groningen+'', the city name ``Groningen'' - should not be given in the \fieldname{address} field, but - the country ``The Netherlands'' should. When both the - \fieldname{organization} and the \fieldname{address} field - are available, \pkg{apacite} formats these as - ``organization, address''. This is different from the - usual ``address: publisher'' form. This behavior cannot - explicitly be deduced from the 5th edition, nor from the - 4th edition, of the APA manual, but the 3rd edition - \cite{APAManual3} gives an explicit example (example 53, - p.~131): \citeA{APA-3rd-ed-ex53}. - - \item[\entryname{misc}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - For works that do not fit into the other categories, such as - motion pictures, cassette recordings, computer software, etc. - The \fieldname{type} field can be used to indicate the type - of work, and \pkg{apacite} recognizes a few specific types - that should be formatted a little differently, see the discussion - of the \fieldname{type} field below. If the \fieldname{address} - and \fieldname{publisher} fields are available, the address and - publisher part is formatted as with books. The \entryname{unpublished} - and \entryname{misc} types are very similar, but there are some - differences. For example, \entryname{unpublished} uses the - \entryname{organization} field and \entryname{misc} uses the - \fieldname{publisher} field, and this part is formatted differently. - Further, the \entryname{unpublished} type requires - \fieldname{author}, \fieldname{editor}, \fieldname{title}, or - \fieldname{type}, whereas with \fieldname{misc}, - \fieldname{howpublished} takes the first position if these fields - are all empty. Finally, as briefly indicated above and discussed - in more detail below, \entryname{misc} recognizes some special - types in the \fieldname{type} field. - - \item[\entryname{literal}] \mbox{}\\ - If the other categories do not format the item correctly, this - category can be used. The \fieldname{text} field is copied literally - to the bibliography. The \fieldname{firstkey}, \fieldname{key}, - \fieldname{year}, and possibly \fieldname{originalyear} and - \fieldname{translator} fields are necessary to get correct - in-text citations. However, I have never needed to use this - entry type and I think that \entryname{misc} should also - be able to format the entry correctly. Furthermore, the - correct placement of \entryname{literal} references in the - reference list (alphabetizing, sorting), may be problematic. - - \item[\entryname{booklet}\LC] - \item[\entryname{inbook}\LC] - \item[\entryname{inproceedings}\LC] - \item[\entryname{manual}\LC] - \item[\entryname{proceedings}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - These categories are defined by all standard citation styles. They - are, however, not needed for the examples in the APA manual. For - compatibility, however, they are included and defined as follows: - \entryname{booklet} = \entryname{manual} = \entryname{proceedings} = - \entryname{misc}; \entryname{inbook} = \entryname{inproceedings} = - \entryname{incollection}. -\end{description} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Fields} -\label{subsec:fields} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The following fields can be used to describe a reference in the -\fname{.bib} file: -\begin{description} - - \item[\fieldname{address}\LC] \mbox{}\\% - The address (usually the city and state or country) of the - publisher, school, institution, or organization that published - the item or at which the item was produced. The APA manual - requires that the state or territory of a U.S.-city must be given - in the official two-letter U.S. Postal Services form. Only for - a specific list of 17 specific cities that are ``well known - for publishing'' can (must) the state and/or country - description be omitted. - - \item[\fieldname{annote}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - This is used in some annotated bibliography - styles. It is not used by \pkg{apacite}, but no warning - is given either. It is thus simply ignored. - - \item[\fieldname{author}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The author(s) of the work. This may also be a corporate - author when applicable, but some specific measures must - then be taken to prevent the corporate name from being - interpreted as a first name and last name - (such as ``Association, A. P.''), see the examples. - - As discussed in the standard \BibTeX{} documentation, - multiple authors must be separated by the word \verb+and+, - and each author's name can either be given in the form - ``\opt{firstnames}\verb+ +\opt{lastnames}'' or - ``\opt{lastnames}\verb+, +\opt{firstnames}''. However, - ``von'' parts and ``junior'' parts complicate issues - a bit. See the examples and the discussion of them. - - I would generally give the full first name(s) in the \fname{.bib} - file, even though the APA manual only requires initials, - because other styles require full first name(s) and - \pkg{apacite} abbreviates to initials automatically. - I have done this only occasionally with the examples, - because the APA manual only gives the initials. - Therefore, I have only provided first names with a few - examples for which I knew the authors' first names. - - If there are more than 6 authors, the APA manual requires - that the first 6 should be named in the reference list, - followed by ``et al.''. Therefore, \pkg{apacite} uses - only the names of the first 6 authors, and inserts an - ``et al.'' when applicable. Therefore, in the \fname{.bib} - file, the first 6 (or more) authors may be given (separated by - ``\verb+and+''), followed by ``\verb+and others+''. This phrase - is recognized by \pkg{apacite}. - It is, however, better to give all authors in - the \fname{.bib} file, so that each style can select its - own truncation number. - - \item[\fieldname{booktitle}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The title of the larger work, typically book, but sometimes - something else, like a report, in which the referenced item - (article) was published. - - \item[\fieldname{chair}] \mbox{}\\ - The chair(s) of a symposium or meeting. Used for lectures. - It is formatted the same way as editors. - - \item[\fieldname{chapter}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The chapter number if the referenced item is a chapter in - a larger collection. Typically used if the referenced work - is a chapter in an internet document. If the collection is - a book, page numbers (in the \fieldname{pages} field) - should be used instead according to the APA rules. - - \item[\fieldname{crossref}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The \pkg{apacite} package does not recognize this field, - because the APA manual does not discuss explicit - cross-referencing. If the referenced work is a chapter - (article) in an edited book, all relevant information - should be given in the reference list as part of the - information about the referenced chapter, not as, e.g., - ``In Wainrib (1992)''. If several chapters from the - book edited by Wainrib are referenced, the same information - about this book is given with each referenced chapter, - and the work itself is not a separate entry in the reference - list (unless it is explicitly referred to). - - However, the \fieldname{crossref} field - \emph{can} be used, as part of standard \BibTeX{} usage. - Missing fields for the referenced work are then copied from - the cross-referenced entry, which must come \emph{after} - the referring entry in the \fname{.bib} file. If you use - this, remember to put the title of the book (also) in the - \fieldname{booktitle} field, because the \fieldname{title} - field of the referring entry is not empty (it contains - the chapter title). - - I have not tested cross-referencing in detail, so I do not - know if it behaves well (i.e., complies with the implicit - or explicit APA rules) under various circumstances. - Therefore, I do not recommend using it without thorough - testing. - - \item[\fieldname{day}] \mbox{}\\ - The day of the month on which the referenced item was published, - produced, or presented. Mainly used for articles in daily or - weekly magazines or newspapers, for lectures (although the - APA manual only specifies the month), and electronic documents. - - \item[\fieldname{edition}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The edition of the book or report. This must be of the form 1st, 2nd, - 3rd, etc., or ``Rev.'' for a revised edition. Future work may provide - routines to handle numbers only (1, 2, 3, etc.), so that - language-specific texts are avoided. - - \item[\fieldname{editor}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The editor(s) of a book, report, or special issue of a journal. - In the examples, this field is also ``misused'' for the - producer of a television series. - - \item[\fieldname{englishtitle}] \mbox{}\\ - The English translation of the title of an item with a non-English - title. The APA manual requires that if the referenced work has a - non-English title, an English translation should be given as well. For - an article in a journal with a non-English name or in a book with a - non-English title, the journal name or book title should not be - translated or put in this field, only the title of the referenced work - itself must be translated. Because, as of version - \APACversiondate{2005/06/01}, \pkg{apacite} contains some support of - other languages for the main document (see - section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}), this field needs rethinking, which - will be deferred to a future version. - - \item[\fieldname{firstkey}] \mbox{}\\ - The \fieldname{firstkey} field, if not empty, is used as - ``author'' for the first citation to an item. Subsequent citations - then use the \fieldname{key} field. This can be used if there is - no author or editor field that can be used for citations, or in - certain cases with corporate authors, where the citation in the - text uses an abbreviation of the author's name for second and - subsequent citations, where the abbreviation is introduced in the - first citation. It can also be used to ``trick'' the system - in difficult cases. See also \fieldname{key}. - - \item[\fieldname{howpublished}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - A description of how something was published. For example, - ``Unpublished manuscript'' or ``Paper presented at the meeting - of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, - San Diego, CA''. Also used for retrieval information about - electronic documents, e.g., ``Retrieved October 13, 2001, from - \url{http://jbr.org/articles.html}\bibnodot{.}''. See also - the \fieldname{note} field. - - \item[\fieldname{institution}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The institution, university, or company that published a - (technical) report. - - \item[\fieldname{journal}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The journal, magazine, newspaper, etc.{} in which an - article, a review, or an abstract of a thesis was published. - - \item[\fieldname{key}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - See \fieldname{firstkey}. The \fieldname{key} field, if not - empty, is used for second and subsequent citations, or all citations - if \fieldname{firstkey} is missing. If \fieldname{author} is - empty and \fieldname{editor} is empty or can not be used as - author (e.g., in \entryname{incollection}), the \fieldname{key} - field may be necessary to obtain a useful citation. This is - so, because the APA manual requires an abbreviation of the - title as in-text citation, and the abbreviation must be - sensible. In the current version, \pkg{apacite} uses the - whole title if \fieldname{firstkey} and \fieldname{key} are missing. - Therefore, if the title is considered too long to use in citations, - the user must provide an abbreviation in the \fieldname{key} field. - Furthermore, the user must then also define the formatting: - If the key is used for a difficult kind of author (e.g., - corporate author), it should be formatted as an author, - i.e., in plain text, with names capitalized. - If the key is used for an abbreviation of an article - title, it should be in plain text, with major words capitalized - (unlike in the reference list), and between double quotes - (`` and ''; also unlike in the reference list). - If the key is used for an abbreviation of a book title, it - should be emphasized, with major words capitalized - (unlike in the reference list), but not between quotes. - - In a field in the \fname{.bib} file that is also - used for the citations, such as the \fieldname{key} field, - formatting through, e.g., -\begin{verbatim} - key = {{\itshape Text}}, - key = {{\em Text\/}}, -\end{verbatim} - can be done (note the extra pair of braces!), but the - seemingly more logical variations -\begin{verbatim} - key = {\textit{Text}}, - key = {{\textit{Text}}}, - key = {\emph{Text}}, - key = {{\emph{Text}}}, -\end{verbatim} - do not work. - However, it is generally preferable to use as less explicit - formatting in the \fname{.bib} files as possible, because this - decreases the possibilities of successfully using the - same \fname{.bib} file with other styles. The following works - excellent: -\begin{verbatim} - key = {{\APACcitebtitle{Text}}}, -\end{verbatim} - where the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} macro recognizes that the argument - should be formatted as a booktitle (i.e., in italics according to the - APA rules). This macro, and its companion \cmd{\APACciteatitle} for - article title formatting, are used by \pkg{apacite} if the - \fieldname{firstkey} and \fieldname{key} fields are missing, - but can also be used by the user. Note that if you use such a - \fname{.bib} file with another style, you have to provide - definitions of these macros yourself. - - \emph{Warning:} the \fieldname{key} field, which acts - as a kind of pseudo-author, should not be confused with the - (citation) \opt{key} that is used to match citations with - entries in a \fname{.bib} file. - - \item[\fieldname{month}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The month something was published. Mainly used for - magazine or newspaper articles, lectures, and electronic documents. - Use the month macros \verb+jan+, \verb+feb+, etc. These are - predefined strings in \fname{apacite.bst} and \fname{apacitex.bst}, - but can be overridden when desired, e.g., when using another - language (see section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}). - - \item[\fieldname{note}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - A note. This puts additional information between parentheses - at the end of a reference list entry. In the examples from - the APA manual, it is used for NTIS No., ERIC No., and UMI No., - and for notes about how to obtain the work - (``Available from \opt{organization}, \opt{full address}''). - If however, the work has been obtained from the internet - or from an ``aggregated database'', then the - \fieldname{howpublished} field should be used, because it - should not be between parentheses then. - - Finally, the \fieldname{note} field is used to give the - recording date (i.e., year) of a song when this is different - from the date (year) of copyright. The latter should be - put in the \fieldname{year} field. - - Do not use the \fieldname{note} field to denote the original - publication of a reprint or translation, because the - \fieldname{originalyear} field must be used in those cases to - obtain the correct citation in the text \cite<e.g.,>{ex39}. - - \item[\fieldname{number}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The number of a journal issue or a report. This can be quite - complex, for example, ``\verb+PRM~92-01+'', or - ``\verb+3, Pt.~2+'', or ``\verb+1, Serial No.~231+''. - These latter examples imply that the generality (language and - style independence) of the \fname{.bib} file is somewhat lost. - Furthermore, if the journal paginates by year and not by issue, - the issue number should not be mentioned at all (except when - referring to a whole special issue). Of course, \pkg{apacite} - does not know whether the journal paginates by issue or by year. - If the \fieldname{number} field is available, \pkg{apacite} - simply assumes that it should be included. It is the user's - responsibility to ensure that this is indeed the case. - - \item[\fieldname{organization}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - Used for the \entryname{unpublished} reference type to denote - the organization in which the unpublished work was produced. - - \item[\fieldname{originaladdress}] - \item[\fieldname{originalbooktitle}] - \item[\fieldname{originaledition}] - \item[\fieldname{originaleditor}] - \item[\fieldname{originaljournal}] - \item[\fieldname{originalnumber}] - \item[\fieldname{originalpages}] - \item[\fieldname{originalpublisher}] - \item[\fieldname{originalvolume}] - \item[\fieldname{originalyear}] \mbox{}\\ - These (\fieldname{original*-}) fields have the same - meaning as their counterparts without the ``original'' prefix, - except that they refer to the book or journal in which the - work was originally published. This can be used in referring to - translations or reprints of articles in journals or books. If the - original work is a book or other ``standalone'' work, - only the \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used. If the - original work is a (PhD or Master's) thesis that is also abstracted - in \emph{Dissertation Abstracts International}, - \emph{Masters Abstracts International}, or comparable, the - \fieldname{originalyear} field should be used to denote the year - of the dissertation and the \fieldname{year} field to - denote the year of publication of the abstract, even if they - are the same. - - \item[\fieldname{pages}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The (inclusive) page numbers of the article that is referred to, - in the journal or book in which it was published. If a range of - pages is given (which is usually the case), an en-dash should - be used: ``\verb+29--43+''. Other styles sometimes allow a - single hyphen (``\verb+29-43+''), which is then automatically - formatted as an en-dash (``29--43''), rather than as a hyphen - (``29-43''), but I have encountered situations, esp.\ software - manuals, in which the page number was of the form ``II-3'', - meaning page~3 of chapter~2. In such a situation, you may - get page numbers like ``II-1--II-15'', where the distinction - between a hyphen and an en-dash becomes important. Therefore, - \pkg{apacite} does not perform such automatic transformations. - - \item[\fieldname{publisher}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The publisher of the item. Primarily used for books. - - \item[\fieldname{school}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The school or university for which a PhD thesis or - master's thesis was written. - - \item[\fieldname{series}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - Not used, although the APA manual has a rule for series. - If you refer to a volume in a series, the series title, - volume number, and volume title should be joined into - a two-part title , e.g., \emph{Handbook of child psychology: - Vol.~4. Socialization, personality, and social development}, - see ex.~36. In the current version of \pkg{apacite} this - whole part must be put in the \fieldname{title} or - \fieldname{booktitle} field (whichever is appropriate). - Maybe in a next version I will use the \fieldname{series} - field to allow disentangling such situations. - - \item[\fieldname{symposium}] \mbox{}\\ - The name of the symposium or meeting at which a - lecture was given. This is typically used for the - construction ``In \opt{chair} (Chair), \opt{symposium}'', - see ex.~51. I have never used it myself, however, - I always use the ``Paper presented \ldots'' form, - which puts this information in the \fieldname{howpublished} - field. - - \item[\fieldname{text}] \mbox{}\\ - Used for items of type \entryname{literal}. This field contains - the complete literal text to be used in the bibliography. - - \item[\fieldname{title}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The title of the work. - - \item[\fieldname{translator}] \mbox{}\\ - The translator of a book or article. This should - be formatted in the same way as \fieldname{author} and - \fieldname{editor}. If the \fieldname{translator} and - \fieldname{editor} fields are identical, they are - formatted as if there were only an editor, except that the - editor receives the suffix ``(Ed. \& Trans.)'' instead of - just ``(Ed.)'', or similarly if there is more than 1 editor. - - \item[\fieldname{type}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The type of \entryname{phdthesis} (e.g., - ``Doctoral dissertation''), type of \entryname{article} - (e.g., ``Letter to the editor''), type of \entryname{techreport} - (e.g., ``DHHS Publication''), type of \entryname{book} - (e.g., ``Brochure''), type of \entryname{misc} - (e.g., ``Cassette recording''), and so forth. - - With a review (which is typically an \entryname{article}), - the \fieldname{type} field contains a lot of information - and formatting, e.g.: -\begin{verbatim} - type = {Review of the book {\APACcitebtitle{Life in the middle: - Psychological and social development in middle age}}}, -\end{verbatim} - where I used the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} command introduced above in - the discussion of the \fieldname{key} field. - - In one of the APA manual examples, I used the \fieldname{type} - field to give a description of the subject of an unpublished - raw data file (``Auditory response latencies in rat auditory - cortex''), leaving the \fieldname{title} field blank. - - For most reference types, if the \fieldname{type} field - is missing, it is simply ignored and no type description - is given. For a \entryname{techreport}, however, if the - \fieldname{type} field is missing, the default type - (``Tech. Rep.'') is inserted. In ex.~42 of the APA manual, - a report without a type description is given. To make it - possible to format a report successfully without a - type description, \pkg{apacite} recognizes -\begin{verbatim} - type = {\bibnotype}, -\end{verbatim} - indicating that there should be no type description. - - Another special purpose use of the \fieldname{type} - field is for a computer program, software, programming - language and/or manual. These are put into a \entryname{misc} - entry, but unlike other \entryname{misc} types (such as - motion pictures) the titles of these types should not - be italicized. This is now recognized by \pkg{apacite} - in the following way: When referring to a computer program, - software, programming language and/or manual, you should - use the \entryname{misc} reference type with - one of the following commands in the \fieldname{type} field:\\ - \cmd{\bibcomputerprogram},\\ - \cmd{\bibcomputerprogrammanual},\\ - \cmd{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual},\\ - \cmd{\bibcomputersoftware},\\ - \cmd{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual},\\ - \cmd{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}, or\\ - \cmd{\bibprogramminglanguage}.\\ - Using any of these commands as type designator of a - \entryname{misc} entry ensures that the title is not italicized, - as required. Note that the \entryname{manual} entry reduces to - \entryname{misc}, so can be used sensibly, but only if the - \fieldname{type} field is defined as above. Perhaps it would - be logical to define a default type for this, but this is not - implemented. Anyway, adding a \fieldname{type} field to a - \entryname{manual} entry in a \fname{.bib} file will probably - do not any harm with other bibstyles, so this is probably only - a minor nuisance. - - Similarly, if you refer to a message that has been posted to - a newsgroup, internet forum, etc., you should use the - \entryname{misc} reference type with \cmd{\bibmessage} as - \fieldname{type} field. - - \item[\fieldname{volume}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The volume or volumes of the referenced book(s) or - of the book in which the referenced article was published, - or the volume of the journal (magazine, newspaper, \ldots) - in which the referenced article was published. - - \item[\fieldname{year}\LC] \mbox{}\\ - The year in which the referenced item was published, or - if it was not published, the year in which it was written - or presented. For manuscripts or books that are accepted - for publication but have not yet been published, ``in press'' - should be used according to the APA rules. The best way to do - this is to use the ``\cmd{\BIP}'' command, which can be redefined - by the user if the language or editorial style requires - something else than ``in press''. Furthermore, \cmd{\BIP} - is recognized by \pkg{apacite} and treated a little differently, - because for multiple ``in press'' references with the same - author(s), a hyphen (``-'') should be inserted between the - ``year'' (i.e., ``in press'') and the ``a'', ``b'', etc., that - follow it to distinguish the works, whereas this hyphen must - be omitted if the ``year'' is an ordinary year (1991a, 1991b). - - If no date is explicitly given in (or on) the referenced work, - a ``n.d.'' (no date) should be given as year description. - For this, \pkg{apacite} supports the \cmd{\bibnodate} - command. This sometimes leads to different formatting as well, - e.g., by referencing a translation of a work of which there - is no original date. Then the \fieldname{originalyear} - field should be \cmd{\bibnodate} and the \fieldname{year} field - is then, e.g., \verb+1931+. If the \fieldname{translator} - field is not empty, the citation in the text is then formatted - as, e.g., ``\citeA{3.100-2}''. -\end{description} - - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Customization} -\label{sec:custom} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The description in the previous sections, with the exception of -section~\ref{sec:usage}, almost exclusively discussed the default behavior of -\pkg{apacite}. However, as mentioned in the introduction, in addition to the -options, \pkg{apacite} offers many possibilities for customization. Most -punctuation used in the citations and reference list are implemented through -\LaTeX{} commands instead of explicit symbols. Consequently, the user can -fine-tune the behavior of \pkg{apacite} by redefining these commands, through -\cmd{\renewcommand} after \pkg{apacite} has been loaded. Analogously, most -fixed texts, like ``Tech.\ Rep.{}'' and ``Eds.{}'' are implemented through -\LaTeX{} commands as well, and can similarly be changed by the user. The -commands used by \pkg{apacite} are discussed in this section. Of course, the -defaults are based on the rules of the APA manual. - -Some commands, predominantly punctuation, are used both in citations and in -the reference list. If you want their definitions in citations to be different -from their definitions in the reference list, you can simply redefine their -definitions before starting the bibliography. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Punctuation and formatting} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The following punctuation commands are provided and used for -the citations and reference list. -\begin{description} - \item[\cmd{\BAstyle}] This defines the text style of the authors - (or whatever takes their place) for an in-text citation. It - defaults to nothing: The authors use the same fonts as the - text surrounding it. Introduced because some journals use - a different style. For example, \emph{Statistica Neerlandica} - uses small-caps, so for that journal, you would define -\begin{verbatim} -\renewcommand{\BAstyle}{\scshape} -\end{verbatim} - Do not use the \cmd{\textsc}-type commands, but \cmd{\scshape}, - \cmd{\bfseries}, etc. The \cmd{\BAstyle} command is used for - the author-part by the citation commands - \cmd{\cite}, \cmd{\shortcite}, \cmd{\fullcite}, - \cmd{\citeA}, \cmd{\shortciteA}, \cmd{\fullciteA}, - \cmd{\citeNP}, \cmd{\shortciteNP}, and \cmd{\fullciteNP}. - - \item[\cmd{\BAastyle}] This is the same as \cmd{\BAstyle}, except that - \cmd{\BAastyle} is used for \cmd{\citeauthor}, \cmd{\shortciteauthor}, - and \cmd{\fullciteauthor}. - - \item[\cmd{\BBOP}] Open parenthesis, used for parentheses opening - a citation, as in ``(Rao, 1973)'' or ``Rao (1973)'', and the - year in the reference list, as in ``Rao, C. R. (1973).'' - Default is ``\verb+(+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBCP}] The corresponding closing parenthesis. - Default is ``\verb+)+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BAP}] This command is inserted after the prefix and before - the first citation in a \cmd{\cite} command. It defaults to an - ordinary space. - - \item[\cmd{\BBAA}] Last ``and'' between authors in a citation - between parentheses and in the reference list, as in - ``(Mooijaart \& Bentler, 1986)'' or ``Mooijaart, A., \& - Bentler, P. M. (1986).''. Default is ``\verb+\&+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBAB}] Last ``and'' between authors in a citation in text, - as in ``Mooijaart and Bentler (1986)''. Default is ``\verb+and+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBAY}] Punctuation between author(s) and year in a citation - between parentheses, as in ``(Rao, 1973)''. Default is ``\verb+, +''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBYY}] \label{cmd:BBYY} - Punctuation between two subsequent years, if two works - by the same author(s) are referenced in a single citation command, - as in ``(Rao, 1965, 1973)'' or ``Rao (1965, 1973)''. - Default is ``\verb+, +''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBC}] Punctuation between multiple cites, as in - ``(Rao, 1973; Mooijaart \& Bentler, 1986)''. - Default is ``\verb+; +''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBN}] Punctuation before a note (postfix) after - a citation, as in ``(Rao, 1973, chap.~2)''. - Default is ``\verb+, +''. - - \item[\cmd{\BBOQ}] Opening quote for an article title in the - reference list, as in - ``\flqq Random polynomial factor analysis.\frqq'' Default is - the empty string: no quotes used. - - \item[\cmd{\BBCQ}] Closing quote for an article title in the - reference list. Default is the empty string. - (The \pkg{theapa} package required the closing period to be part - of the closing quote, but this has been - changed, because the period must be left out if title comments, - such as type, English translation of non-English title, or - translator follow the title.) - - \item[\cmd{\BCBT}] Comma between authors in the reference section when - the number of authors is two, as in - ``Mooijaart, A., \& Bentler, P. M. (1986).'' The comma - after the ``A.'' is this one. Default is ``\verb+,+''. - The APA manual requires it, but other styles leave out this - comma. In such a case, you would redefine this ``comma'' to - be the empty string: -\begin{verbatim} -\renewcommand{\BCBT}{} -\end{verbatim} - - \item[\cmd{\BCBL}] Comma before the last author (for 3 or more authors) - in a citation and in the reference section, as in ``(Gill, Murray, - \& Wright, 1981)'' or ``Gill, P. E., Murray, W., \& Wright, M. H. - (1981).'' Default is ``\verb+,+''. The APA manual requires it, - which is standard U.S. usage, but other styles, particularly - European, such as British English, leave out this comma. Again, - in such a case, you would redefine this ``comma'' to - be the empty string. - - \item[\cmd{\BAnd}] This is the ``and'' that is used in the reference list - if someone is both editor and translator: - ``In J. Strachey (Ed. \& Trans),''. Default is ``\verb+\&+''. - - \item[\cmd{\theBibCnt}] If there are multiple citations with the same - author and year, a letter should be added to the year to distinguish - the references. For example, one may refer to two or more articles - by J. Smith published in 1982. They should be referred to as - ``Smith (1982a)'', ``Smith (1982b)'', and so forth. To accomplish - this, the counter \verb+BibCnt+ is defined in \fname{apacite.sty}. - The \cmd{\theBibCnt} command defines how the value of \verb+BibCnt+ - is formatted. The default is ``\verb+\alph{BibCnt}+''. To - emphasize (italicize) the ``a'', ``b'', etc., you can redefine - this as -\begin{verbatim} -\renewcommand{\theBibCnt}{{\em\alph{BibCnt}\/}} -\end{verbatim} - (This presumably works better than ``\verb+\emph{\alph{BibCnt}}+''.) - To control this behavior, redefining the \cmd{\theBibCnt} command - should normally be sufficient. However, the complete formatting - commands are \cmd{\BCnt}, \cmd{\BCntIP}, and \cmd{\BCntND}. The - second of these is for ``in press'' works, which need an extra hyphen - between ``in press'' and the ``a'' and ``b'' suffixes. The third is - similar, for works without a date. Their default definitions - in \fname{apacite.sty} are -\begin{verbatim} -\newcommand{\BCnt}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}\theBibCnt} -\newcommand{\BCntIP}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}-\theBibCnt} -\newcommand{\BCntND}[1]{\setcounter{BibCnt}{#1}-\theBibCnt} -\end{verbatim} - - \item[\cmd{\APACciteatitle}] The formatting of the title of an - article (or similar work) - when used as a citation in the text when no author or editor - is available for that purpose. Its default definition - in \fname{apacite.sty} is -\begin{verbatim} -\newcommand{\APACciteatitle}[1]{``#1''} -\end{verbatim} - i.e., the title is put between double quotes. - - \item[\cmd{\APACcitebtitle}] The formatting of the title of a book - (or other independent work) - when used as a citation in the text when no author or editor - is available for that purpose. Its default definition - in \fname{apacite.sty} is -\begin{verbatim} -\newcommand{\APACcitebtitle}[1]{{\em #1\/}} -\end{verbatim} - i.e., the title is emphasized (in italics) but not put between - double quotes. - - \item[\cmd{\APACmetastar}] The asterisk that precedes an item in the - bibliography to denote that it is included in the meta-analysis. - The default value is ``\verb+$\star$\ +''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibnewpage}] If the \pkgoption{bibnewpage} option - is chosen, this command is included before the bibliography. - Its default definition is \cmd{\clearpage}, but \fname{apa.cls} - uses a similar construction with its \pkgoption{man} option - through \cmd{\newpage}. - See \citeA[p.~215]{LaTeXbook} for the differences between - \cmd{\clearpage} and \cmd{\newpage}. - - \item[\cmd{\bibliographytypesize}] This command is used before - the reference list, but after the section or chapter heading. - It is intended for the font size of the reference list: - For \citeA{WaMe00}, I defined it as \cmd{\small} (and even then - the reference list took up 34 pages). The default value is - \cmd{\normalsize}. - - \item[\cmd{\bibleftmargin}] This gives the indentation of the second - and subsequent lines of a reference list entry, relative to the - usual left margin. It is not a proper command, but a - ``skip'' (rubber length), which means that it cannot be changed by - \cmd{\renewcommand}, but by \cmd{\setlength}. Its default - value is \verb+2.5em+. - - \item[\cmd{\bibindent}] This gives the indentation of the first - line of a reference list entry, relative to the second line. - It is also a ``skip''. Its default value is \verb+-\bibleftmargin+, - which means that the first line starts at the original left margin, - and the second and subsequent lines are indented by 2.5em. - - \item[\cmd{\bibitemsep}] This gives the vertical separation - between two reference list entries. It is also a ``skip'', with - default value ``\verb+\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax+'', i.e., 0pt, - but it may be stretched a little to fill the page nicely. - This is an old (Plain \TeX) style definition, I will probably - change that in a next version. If you want to change it, - e.g., to get a blank line between reference list entries, - you can use -\begin{verbatim} -\setlength{\bibitemsep}{\baselineskip} -\end{verbatim} -\end{description} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Labels} -\label{sec:labels} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -There are a lot of specific pieces of text that can be put into the reference -list or a citation by \pkg{apacite}. Here, these pieces are called -\emph{labels}. Almost all of these are to some extent language-specific, and -sometimes style-specific even within the same language. Therefore, they are -implemented through \LaTeX{} commands, so that users can easily change them. -In this section, these commands and their purposes are described, and their -(U.S.\ English) defaults are given. Section~\ref{sec:compat-babel} below will -discuss how these commands are changed if another language is used. - -The following label commands are used: -\begin{description} - \item[\cmd{\bibmessage}] This is the first of 9 specific type - commands that are recognized by \pkg{apacite}. If you - define the \fieldname{type} field of a \entryname{misc} - entry as ``\cmd{\bibmessage}'', the formatting of the - entry is changed (e.g., the title is not italicized), - see the discussion of the \fieldname{type} field in - section~\ref{subsec:fields} above. This one is used for - messages in newsgroups, internet forums, etc. - Default is ``\verb+Msg+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogram}] - Default is ``\verb+Computer program+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogrammanual}] - Default is ``\verb+Computer program manual+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibcomputerprogramandmanual}] - Default is ``\verb+Computer program and manual+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftware}] - Default is ``\verb+Computer software+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftwaremanual}] - Default is ``\verb+Computer software manual+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibcomputersoftwareandmanual}] - Default is ``\verb+Computer software and manual+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibprogramminglanguage}] - Default is ``\verb+Programming language+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibnotype}] - This one is a bit different from the previous 8. It is used for - \entryname{techreport} entries to indicate that the type specifier - should be suppressed. Its default value is the empty string, but this - will not have an effect on \pkg{apacite} behavior, because the type - specifier is suppressed anyway by \pkg{apacite}. However, by defining it - as the empty string, formatting may become better (i.e., closer to the - desired formatting) with other styles. - - \item[\cmd{\bibnodate}] Used in the \fieldname{year} and - \fieldname{originalyear} fields to indicate that no - publication date has been given. Default value is ``\verb+n.d.{}+''. - The extra pair of braces ensures that \TeX\ does not treat - the period before them as a sentence-ending period, after which - more space is inserted. This also applies to several other - labels discussed below. - - \item[\cmd{\BOthers}] Used for ``others'' if the number of authors - or editors is too large, as in ``(Gill et al., 1981)''. - The default is ``\verb+et al.{}+''. - - However, the definition contains a slight adaptation, because - in a previous version of \pkg{apacite}, there was a problem - implying that in some cases \BibTeX{} might put an extra period after - \cmd{\BOthers}, not recognizing that it already contains a period, - so that you would get ``et al.{}.'', which is undesirable. - It depends on the definition of \cmd{\BOthers} whether there should - be a period or not: If it is defined as ``\verb+et al.{}+'', - there should not be an additional period, but if it is defined - as, say, ``\verb+and others+'', then there should be an additional - period. But \BibTeX{} does not know what the (later) definition - of this command will be in \LaTeX{}. Therefore, the \cmd{\BOthers} - command is defined to have one argument. In \BibTeX{}, - \pkg{apacite} inserts \verb+\BOthers{.}+ in the output, so no - additional period is inserted by \BibTeX{}. By default, this - command is defined as ``\verb+et al.{}+'', and the argument is - simply ignored. - - If you redefine the \cmd{\BOthers} command and need the additional - period, you can redefine it appropriately. However, in the current - version, the \cmd{\BOthers} command is distinguished from the - \cmd{\BOthersPeriod} command and I think the mentioned problems - do not occur anymore. Nevertheless, I have kept the definition of the - previous version. I may decide, after thorough testing, to change - this again in a next version. - - There is still a complication, however. If you use a \cmd{\citeauthor} - at the end of a sentence, there may be a period too many, if - you end the sentence explicitly with it and \cmd{\BOthers} is - ``et al.{}''. On the other hand, if you omit the sentence-finishing - period but decide to redefine \cmd{\BOthers} to ``and others'', - the period is missing. Therefore, it seems wise not to end a sentence - with a \cmd{\citeauthor}, or you could define a command, e.g., - \cmd{\finishsentence}, and insert it in an appropriate place. - Then, this command should be changed along with \cmd{\BOthers}. - - \item[\cmd{\BOthersPeriod}] Also used for ``others'' if the number of - authors or editors is too large, as in ``Gill, P. E., et al. (1981)''. - But this one is used for situations when it should always end with - a period. The default is ``\verb+et al.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BIP}] ``In press'', the string to be used as year for - in-press references. In the \fname{.bib} file, the \fieldname{year} - field should be ``\verb+\BIP+'', so that \pkg{apacite} can recognize - this and use appropriate formatting and sorting. - The default value is ``\verb+in press+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BIn}] Used for \entryname{incollection} and - \entryname{intechreport}, for ``In \opt{editor} (Ed.{}), - \opt{booktitle}'', and similar phrases. Default value is ``\verb+In+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BCHAP}] Used for \entryname{incollection} if the - \fieldname{pages} field is empty, to denote the chapter number - of the referenced work in the collection. Used primarily for - internet documents, where there are no page numbers. - Default value is ``\verb+chap.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BCHAPS}] Just like \cmd{\BCHAP}, but this one is used - if the \fieldname{chapter} field refers to more than 1 chapter. - Default value is ``\verb+chap.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BED}] Editor in reference list, as in - ``In P. R. Krishnaiah (Ed.{})''. Default is ``\verb+Ed.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BEDS}] Editors (more than one editor) in reference list, - as in ``In C. R. Rao \& J. K. Ghosh (Eds.{})''. - Default is ``\verb+Eds.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BTRANS}] Translator, as in ``(J. Strachey, Trans.{})''. - Default is ``\verb+Trans.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BTRANSS}] Translators. Default is ``\verb+Trans.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BTRANSL}] Translation. Used in a text citation when - referring to a translated work for which there is no date - for the original work. This is then formatted as - ``Aristotle (trans.{} 1931)''. Default is ``\verb+trans.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BCHAIR}] Chair of a symposium, etc. - Default is ``\verb+Chair+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BCHAIRS}] Chairs. Default is ``\verb+Chairs+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BVOL}] Volume, as in ``Vol.\ 1''. - Default is ``\verb+Vol.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BVOLS}] Volumes, as in ``Vols.{} 1--4''. - Default is ``\verb+Vols.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BNUM}] Number, as in ``Tech.\ Rep.{} No.{} 12''. - Default is ``\verb+No.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BNUMS}] Numbers, as in ``Nos.{} 3--5''. - Default is ``\verb+Nos.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BEd}] Edition, as in ``2nd ed.{}''. - Default is ``\verb+ed.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BPG}] Page, default is ``\verb+p.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BPGS}] Pages, default is ``\verb+pp.{}+''. - - \item[\cmd{\BTR}] The (default) technical report type name, which can be - overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is - ``\verb+Tech.\ Rep.{}+'' - - \item[\cmd{\BPhD}] The (default) PhD thesis type name, which can be - overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is - ``\texttt{Doctoral dissertation}''. - - \item[\cmd{\BUPhD}] The (default) Unpublished PhD thesis type name, - which can be overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is - ``\texttt{Unpublished doctoral dissertation}''. - - \item[\cmd{\BMTh}] The (default) master's thesis type name, which can be - overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is - ``\texttt{Master's thesis}''. - - \item[\cmd{\BUMTh}] The (default) unpublished master's thesis type name, - which can be overridden by the \fieldname{type} field. Default is - ``\texttt{Unpublished master's thesis}''. - - \item[\cmd{\BOWP}] ``Original work published'', default is - ``\texttt{Original work published}''. - - \item[\cmd{\BREPR}] ``Reprinted from'', default is - ``\texttt{Reprinted from}''. - - \item[\cmd{\refname}] Name of the reference list if it's a section. - (So it's the section name.) Default is ``\verb+References+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibname}] Name of the reference list if it's a chapter. - Default is ``\verb+References+''. - - \item[\cmd{\bibliographyprenote}] This command is used before - the reference list, but after the section or chapter heading, - and immediately after \cmd{\bibliographytypesize}. - It is intended for an optional note just before the references - in the reference list. It defaults to nothing, but can be changed - to a list of commands (e.g., if some commands should be different - in the reference list than in the text) and/or some text. - - \item[\cmd{\APACmetaprenote}] If a meta-analysis is reported, the - works included in the meta-analysis should in the bibliography be - preceded by an asterisk, see the description of \cmd{\APACmetastar} - above. This should then be explained in a note before the references. - This command contains the text of that note. Default is - ``\texttt{References marked with an asterisk indicate studies - included in the meta-analysis.}''. - - \item[\cmd{\authorindexname}] Name (heading) of the author index. - Default is ``\verb+Author Index+''. -\end{description} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Language support} -\label{sec:compat-babel} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The APA is, of course, American, and therefore the rules in the APA manual -are also based on the (U.S.) English language. Because \pkg{apacite} was -primarily designed to implement the APA rules, and because I write all -my scientific work in English, \pkg{apacite} never contained explicit -support for other languages. However, most language-specific elements -have been implemented in the form of \LaTeX{} commands, so that users -could define their own \LaTeX{} package in which these elements were -changed. The labels discussed in section~\ref{sec:labels} above are the -most important part of this. - -Furthermore, when writing in a non-English language, the \pkg{babel} package -will usually be loaded. The \pkg{babel} package is an extensive package that -facilitates using \LaTeX{} for documents in languages other than English. -There have been some compatibility problems between \pkg{babel} and -\pkg{apacite}, and therefore since 2003 \pkg{apacite} contained some -explicit code to overcome the compatibility problems. I think this works -well, provided that \pkg{apacite} is loaded \emph{after} \pkg{babel}. - -Thus, although \pkg{apacite} did not support non-English languages -explicitly, it did facilitate them. Supporting non-English languages is -not a main objective of \pkg{apacite}, because it is not needed for -the APA. Nevertheless, it would be a useful addition. Many journals in -non-English languages and universities in countries where other languages -are spoken base their rules on the APA manual. Therefore, it would be -efficient if, with a few adaptations, \pkg{apacite} could also be used in -these circumstances. For this reason, and based on user requests, the -current version of \pkg{apacite} contains a first attempt at explicit -language support. - -The \pkg{apacite} distribution now contains a subdirectory \fname{lang}, -which contains files that have names according to the construction -\opt{language}\fname{.apc}, i.e., \fname{english.apc}, \fname{dutch.apc}, etc. -These files contain the language-specific modifications of \pkg{apacite}, -mainly translations of terms like ``and'', ``Ed.{}'', etc., and have been -written by \pkg{apacite} users that are (native) speakers of the languages -involved. If the \pkg{babel}, \pkg{german}, or \pkg{ngerman} package is -loaded, \pkg{apacite} is able to determine the language of the document that -is processed. Then the corresponding \fname{.apc} file, when available, is -read. In this way, language-specific elements are changed to the relevant -language. This is done fully automatically, the user does not have to do -anything explicitly. However, sometimes an \fname{.apc} file makes some -assumptions (such as \fname{greek.apc}, which assumes ISO-8859-7 encoding) -or makes some choices that are nontrivial. Therefore, look at the source -code of the \fname{.apc} file if you obtain unexpected results. These files -contain some brief documentation of the specific issues relevant for the -language at hand. - -The list with available \fname{.apc} files can be found in the file -\fname{manifest.txt}. One file is defined for each ``language'', which can be -used for several ``dialects'' (in \pkg{babel} terminology). For example, -\fname{english.apc} is also used if the language is ``american''. See the -documentation of the \pkg{babel} and \pkg{(n)german} packages for a list of -dialects of the language files supplied. If an \fname{.apc} file is not -available for the language you need, you can use one of the supplied ones as a -template and write your own. If you send it to me, I can include it in a next -version of \pkg{apacite}. - -Note, however, that this form of language support is still very limited. -There are many aspects that are not yet covered, like different forms of -dates (month-day vs.\ day-month). I have recently discovered the -\pkg{babelbib} package, which offers very sophisticated support of -different languages. I will study this and see whether I can use some -of its features in a future version of \pkg{apacite}. - -One of the issues that is not yet settled is how to treat the months. -I could define these as commands like \cmd{\January} or according -to a construction like \verb+\bibmonth{1}+. The months are now still -hard-coded in English as macros in \fname{apacite.bst}. -This means that, when using a different language, they can (and must) -be redefined in the \fname{.bib} file, by including lines like: -\begin{verbatim} - @string{jan = "{\APACSortNoop{01}}January"} -\end{verbatim} -etc., where you replace ``\verb+January+'' by the translation of January -in the desired language. The ``\verb+{\APACSortNoop{01}}+'' ensures that -\BibTeX{} sorts January before, say, April, when that is needed. - -It is likely that you would use these month definitions a lot, in which case -an even better solution would be to write a special \fname{.bib} file, say -\opt{language}\fname{.bib}, which only contains these month redefinitions. -Then you could put this file somewhere where \BibTeX{} can find it and include -this before your (other) \fname{.bib} file(s) that contain the actual -references: -\begin{verbatim} -\bibliographystyle{apacite} -\bibliography{language,otherbibfiles} -\end{verbatim} -See \citeA[p.~159]{LaTeXbook} or \citeA[p.~403]{LaTeXcomp} for a discussion -of these issues. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Compatibility} -\label{sec:compat} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -Generally speaking, I would want \pkg{apacite} to be compatible with other -packages, of course. However, what does compatibility mean? It can mean -various things: -\begin{enumerate} -\item \label{compat1}% - The same \fname{.bib} file can be used with - different \BibTeX{} styles and \LaTeX{} citation packages; -\item \label{compat2}% - The same citation commands as other citation packages; -\item \label{compat3}% - Another \LaTeX{} citation package can be used with a - \fname{.bbl} file that is generated by the \pkg{apacite} - \BibTeX{} style; -\item \label{compat4}% - The \pkg{apacite} \LaTeX{} citation package can be used with a - \fname{.bbl} file that is generated by another \BibTeX{} style; -\item \label{compat5}% - The \pkg{apacite} \LaTeX{} citation package can be loaded at the - same time as other packages without errors or undesirable - side-effects. -\end{enumerate} -Because of the complicated rules of the APA manual, it is not always possible -to achieve all kinds of compatibility with all other packages. Later in this -section, I will discuss compatibility issues with other packages with which -known incompatibility problems exist or have existed. A first example of this, -the \pkg{babel} package, has already been mentioned above in -section~\ref{sec:compat-babel}. - -Point~\ref{compat1} is the most important. If you have to write a completely -different \fname{.bib} file for different citation styles, there does not seem -to be an advantage in using \BibTeX{}. You might as well write the reference -list explicitly in \LaTeX{} then. However, not even this point can be achieved -completely, although the vast majority of the items will be the same for -different styles. But there remain a number of choices that are style-specific -and that lead to differences in the \fname{.bib} file. Examples from the APA -manual are: -\begin{itemize} -\item If a referenced book is volume~III according to its title - page, this should be referenced as Vol.~3 according to the - APA manual rules, but that may not be the case with other - styles; -\item Journal names are abbreviated by some styles, but not - according to the APA manual rules; -\item Publisher names should be abbreviated according to the - APA manual, e.g., ``John Wiley \& Sons'' becomes ``Wiley''. - Other styles do not do this; -\item The issue number of a journal should only be given if - the journal starts each issue with page~1, not if page - numbers of different issues in the same volume are consecutive. - Other styles may require the issue number in all cases; -\item Page ranges are given as ``341--351'' in APA style, whereas - other styles use ``341--51''; -\item The APA rules require a capital after a colon (`\verb+:+'), - so that subtitles start with a capital as well. Other styles - may not do this; -\item The APA has specific rules about the address: For a U.S. city, - the state (or territory) should be given as a 2-letter code - from the U.S. Postal Services, and the province and country - should be given if it is a non-U.S. city, unless it is one of - the 17 (U.S. and non-U.S.) cities that are ``well-known for - publishing''. Then, only the city should be mentioned. There - are similar exceptions if the name of the state (and sometimes - even city) is already mentioned in the university name and - the university acts as publisher; -\item Yearbooks like \emph{Annual Review of Psychology} should be treated - as journals according to the APA rules, whereas other styles - treat these as books; -\item The additional fields (such as \fieldname{translator} and the - \fieldname{original*}-fields) that are used by \pkg{apacite} but are - not defined in other \BibTeX{} styles are of course - \pkg{apacite}-specific. -\end{itemize} -Some of these problems can be handled relatively elegantly. For example, -the user could use a command like ``\verb+\RomanVol{3}+'' in the -\fieldname{volume} field. Then, the user could define a counter, -\verb+RomanVolcounter+, say, in \LaTeX{} and then define -\cmd{\RomanVol} (similar to \cmd{\BCnt} discussed earlier) as -\begin{verbatim} -\newcommand{\RomanVol}[1]{% - \setcounter{RomanVolcounter}{#1}\theRomanVolcounter} -\end{verbatim} -where \cmd{\theRomanVolcounter} is defined as \verb+\arabic{RomanVolcounter}+ -if \pkg{apacite} is loaded and as \verb+\Roman{RomanVolcounter}+ if another -package is loaded that desires this. The example with style-specific -\fname{.bib} files that contain the definitions of journal-strings was already -given in section~\ref{sec:bib} above. However, many users will not go through -all this trouble, and not all problems can be solved in this way. So we have -to realize that not all entries in the \fname{.bib} file will be suitable for -all citation styles. On the other hand, most citation styles and journals are -not as critical as APA journals and many styles in psychology and other social -sciences (including economics) are very similar, so a \fname{.bib} file that -is tailor-made for \pkg{apacite} is likely to be suitable enough for the -styles of most relevant alternative journals. - -Point~\ref{compat2} above is currently not fulfilled. The \pkg{apacite} -citation commands are directly based on those of its immediate predecessor, -\pkg{theapa}. But the use of `\verb+<+' and `\verb+>+' for prefixes is not -used by other packages. The influential \pkg{natbib} package uses \cmd{\citep} -and \cmd{\citet} instead of \cmd{\cite} and \cmd{\citeA}, and uses many more -alternative commands, see section~\ref{sec:compat-natbib} below. The -\pkg{chicago} package uses \cmd{\citeA} instead of \cmd{\citeauthor}, many -``numerical'' citation styles only recognize \cmd{\cite}, and so forth. As -discussed below, I now consider \pkg{natbib} as the standard with which other -packages should comply. Therefore, future versions of \pkg{apacite} will -support the \pkg{natbib} citation commands, but the current version does not -do that. - -I think that points~\ref{compat3} and~\ref{compat4} are not that important. It -seems to me that there is not much wrong with defining a style through a -combination of a \fname{.sty} and \fname{.bst} file, each requiring the other -to work. However, given the possibilities and philosophy of the \pkg{natbib} -package, it would be desirable that \fname{natbib.sty} can be used with -\fname{apacite.bst}. As discussed below, this works to some extent, although -it requires \fname{apacite.sty} to be loaded as well, before -\fname{natbib.sty}. - -Point~\ref{compat5} is very important, especially with other packages that are -complementary to \pkg{apacite} in some sense. It would be very annoying having -to choose between using \pkg{babel} and \pkg{apacite}, or between -\pkg{hyperref} and \pkg{apacite}, etc. These packages serve totally different -purposes, cannot usefully be compared, and are more valuable when they can be -used jointly. The rest of this section addresses this issue for a number of -packages with which compatibility problems are known to exist or have existed. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{natbib}} -\label{sec:compat-natbib} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The \pkg{natbib} package is a general purpose citation package that is -intended to work with a broad range of \BibTeX{} (and non-\BibTeX{}) styles -that generate the bibliography. The \pkg{natbib} package is quite advanced and -can be used to switch easily between completely different citation styles. -Furthermore, the apparent popularity of \pkg{natbib} has inspired writers of -packages that would otherwise be incompatible with \pkg{natbib} to write code -to resolve these incompatibilities. I will mention some of these packages -below. - -I consider \pkg{natbib} as the \emph{de facto} standard with which -other packages should be compatible. Unfortunately, \pkg{apacite} is still -not entirely compatible with \pkg{natbib}. The main incompatibility is that -different citation commands are used, so that it is not possible to use the -same document with \pkg{natbib} or \pkg{apacite}. - -\pkg{apacite}, building on its predecessors, uses \cmd{\cite} for -parenthetical citations and \cmd{\citeA} for in-text citations, whereas -\pkg{natbib} uses \cmd{\citep} and \cmd{\citet} for these purposes. Moreover, -text that should precede the citation is entered between \verb+<+ and \verb+>+ -marks and text that should follow the citation is entered between square -brackets (\verb+[+ and \verb+]+, i.e., a standard \LaTeX{} optional argument) -in \pkg{apacite}, whereas \pkg{natbib} uses \emph{two} optional arguments -between brackets. If there is one optional argument, \pkg{natbib} interprets -this as text following the citation (just like \pkg{apacite}). If there is -text that should precede the citation, but not text that should follow the -citation, two optional arguments must be used in \pkg{natbib}, the second -being empty. - -Furthermore, both packages have defined some alternative citation commands, -such as \cmd{\citeNP} (\pkg{apacite}) and \cmd{\citealp} (\pkg{natbib}), some -of which serve the same purpose and could therefore be mapped onto each other -easily, but some others have no equivalent in the other package. - -A partial conversion table, listing the main \pkg{apacite} commands and their -(closest) \pkg{natbib} equivalent is given in Table~\ref{tab:APAnatConv}. The -APA requirement and \pkg{apacite} behavior of listing the full author list for -the first citation (if there are at most 5 authors) and the short author list -in subsequent citations is accomplished by loading \pkg{natbib} with the -\pkgoption{longnamesfirst} option. This is assumed in the table. An example of -better APA-like behavior of \pkg{natbib} is that, by using the -\pkgoption{sort} option, \pkg{natbib} is able to sort the references within -the same citation command, as required by the APA manual, whereas -\pkg{apacite} does not have this option yet. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\begin{table}[htp] -\caption{Partial conversion table of the main \pkg{apacite} - citation commands and their (closest) \pkg{natbib} equivalents.} -\label{tab:APAnatConv} -\begin{tabular}{lcl} -\hline -\pkg{apacite} & $\mbox{}\qquad\qquad\mbox{}$ & \pkg{natbib} \\ -\cline{1-1}\cline{3-3} -\cmd{\cite} & & \cmd{\citep} \\ -\cmd{\citeA} & & \cmd{\citet} \\ -\cmd{\citeNP} & & \cmd{\citealp} \\ -\cmd{\citeauthor} & & \cmd{\citeauthor} \\ -\\ -\cmd{\fullcite} & & \cmd{\citep*} \\ -\cmd{\fullciteA} & & \cmd{\citet*} \\ -\cmd{\fullciteNP} & & \cmd{\citealp*} \\ -\cmd{\fullciteauthor} & & \cmd{\citeauthor*} \\ -\\ -\cmd{\shortcite} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citep} \\ -\cmd{\shortciteA} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citet} \\ -\cmd{\shortciteNP} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citealp} \\ -\cmd{\shortciteauthor} & & \cmdtwo{shortcites}{keys}\cmd{\citeauthor} \\ -\\ -\cmd{\citeyear} & & \cmd{\citeyearpar} \\ -\cmd{\citeyearNP} & & \cmd{\citeyear} \\ -\cmd{\nocite} & & \cmd{\nocite} \\ -\hline -\end{tabular} -\end{table} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -Many labeling and punctuation commands are also different but similar between -\pkg{natbib} and \pkg{apacite}. I haven't studied the \pkg{natbib} commands -in detail, but will do so in the future. It is my intention to add -\pkg{natbib}-compatible commands to apacite in the future, so that the same -document can be processed either with \pkg{natbib} or with \pkg{apacite}. - -With previous versions of \pkg{apacite}, there used to be some erratic -behavior (error messages and wrong formatting) when the \pkg{natbib} -\LaTeX{} package (\fname{natbib.sty}) was used with the \pkg{apacite} -\BibTeX{} style (\fname{apacite.bst} or \fname{apacitex.bst}). These -problems have now been almost entirely resolved (I believe). - -When you want to use \pkg{natbib} for citation and \pkg{apacite} for the -reference list, you still need to load the \LaTeX{} package \fname{apacite.sty} -(with \cmd{\usepackage}), because of the commands that are included in the -\BibTeX{} output (as defined in section~\ref{sec:custom} above). The -\fname{apacite.sty} file must be loaded \emph{before} \fname{natbib.sty}, -otherwise you will get lots of error messages. I may try to fix that for -a future version of \pkg{apacite}. - -Using \pkg{natbib} for the citations has some advantages over using -\pkg{apacite} for the citations. Apart from the abovementioned sorting -of citations within a single citation command, these are mainly -\pkg{natbib}'s better compatibility with other important packages, -such as \pkg{hyperref}. - -However, \pkg{natbib} does not fully comply with the APA rules. -Known incompatibilities between \pkg{natbib} and the APA rules are: (1) -Multiple adjacent citations with the same author and year are formatted -as ``Johnson, 1991a,b'' by \pkg{natbib}, whereas the APA manual requires -this to be ``Johnson, 1991a, 1991b''; (2) The APA manual requires ``and'' -between authors to be ``and'' in text and ``\&'' in parenthetical citation. - -I could change the \fname{apacite.bst} and \fname{apacitex.bst} \BibTeX{} -style files so that \pkg{natbib} would be ``fooled'' and the first -problem would be resolved. However, this has the drawback of imposing APA -style citations when you request \pkg{natbib} style citations, and you -may actually want the behavior mentioned above. I am only able to provide -one of these possibilities. It would be better to add an option to -\pkg{natbib} with which the desired behavior can be chosen. Thus, you -could try to put pressure on the author of \pkg{natbib} to achieve this. -Alternatively, I might attempt to provide an option to \pkg{apacite} -in the future that controls this behavior of \pkg{natbib}. - -The second incompatibility between \pkg{natbib} and the APA rules mentioned -above occurs because \pkg{apacite} uses the re-definable \cmd{\BBA} -command for this usage of ``and''. With \pkg{natbib}, it is not possible -that \cmd{\BBA} ``knows'' whether it is parenthetical or in-text, so you can -choose only one of these, or you must redefine \cmd{\BBA} explicitly before -each citation. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{hyperref}} -\label{sec:compat-hyper} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The \pkg{hyperref} package turns (cross-) references into hypertext links. -This can be used in conjunction with a program such as \latextohtml{} to -compose \fname{.html} files with clickable links, to internet pages or within -the same document, or it can be used to create a \fname{.pdf} document with -clickable crossreferences. Evidently, citations are also references. -Therefore, the \pkg{hyperref} package transforms these into hypertext links as -well, and needs to redefine the citation commands and reference list commands -in order to do so. These redefinitions are incompatible with redefinitions of -the citation commands by \pkg{apacite}. - -Similar problems occur between \pkg{hyperref} and \pkg{natbib}, and some code -is included in both packages, which jointly resolves these incompatibilities. -In order to make \pkg{apacite} compatible with \pkg{hyperref}, similar code -should be developed and included in \pkg{apacite}. - -An attempt to achieve this can be tried through the \pkgoption{hyper} option -of \pkg{apacite}. This activates some code provided by Ross Moore (thanks, -Ross) that makes \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{hyperref} work together to some -extent. However, different things go wrong depending on the order in which the -two packages are loaded. - -If the \pkg{hyperref} package is loaded \emph{after} \pkg{apacite}, different -citations with the same author(s) and year do not work well: \pkg{hyperref} -suppresses the ``a'', ``b'', etc., so ``(Johnson, 1991a)'' becomes ``(Johnson, -1991)'', which is undesirable. If the \pkg{hyperref} package is loaded -\emph{before} \pkg{apacite}, this problem does not occur, but the citations in -the text do not link to the reference list anymore. - -The following problems are independent of the order of loading: -(1) Citations of the form ``(Author, year1, year2)'', i.e., with multiple - references to the same author(s) in the same citation command are not - recognized as such and are thus formatted as ``(Author, year1; Author, - year2)''; -(2) If the \cmd{\url} command from the \pkg{url} package is used for internet - addresses (e.g., for retrieval information in the reference list), line - breaks are not inserted within the address, even if it's way too long for - the line, and ``\verb+#+'' characters in the internet address are not - processed well, see the discussion of the \pkg{backref} package below. - -Because of these known problems, the \pkgoption{hyper} option is not executed -by default (the \pkgoption{nohyper} option is), but if you find the advantages -more important than the disadvantages, you can request this option. Note that -you should load the \pkg{hyperref} package yourself, this is not done by -\pkg{apacite}. Thus, you can choose the order in which to load the packages. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Compatibility of \pkg{apacite} and \pkg{backref}} -\label{sec:compat-backref} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The \pkg{backref} package adds to each entry in the bibliography a list -of pages (or sections) on which it is referenced. Hence, it serves as -an alternative to an author index, in which not the entries themselves -are backreferenced, but the authors of these entries, see -section~\ref{sec:autindex}. Note that \pkg{natbib} offers yet another -possibility, viz.\ the citations in the standard index, or a separate -citation index, see the \pkg{natbib} documentation. In my opinion, -the \pkg{backref} way of indexing the page numbers of the citations -is more logical. Moreover, it is more condensed as well. - -Obviously, the \pkg{backref} package has to change the citation commands -and reference list to be able to do its backreferencing. -Because \pkg{apacite} redefines these as well, they are conflicting -to some degree. A similar compatibility problem between \pkg{backref} -and \pkg{natbib} was noticed by the author of \pkg{backref}. Therefore, -\pkg{backref} contains some code to make it compatible with \pkg{natbib}. -This code has been adapted for \pkg{apacite} and incorporated in -\pkg{apacite}. Thus, \pkg{backref} as a standalone package has been made -compatible with \pkg{apacite}. The drawback of this solution is that if -changes are made in the \pkg{backref} package, this may result in new -incompatibilities with \pkg{apacite} unless \pkg{apacite} is changed as -well. Whether, and if so, when, this will occur will be a question for -the future. - -Ex.~74 of the APA manual references an internet address that contains a -``\verb+#+''. This leads to an error with \pkg{backref} and when entered -through, \LaTeX{} inserts ``\verb+##+'' in the output instead of ``\verb+#+''. -This will not occur often in practice, but unfortunately occurs in the -mentioned example, which might give the impression that it is an \pkg{apacite} -bug, but it is not an \pkg{apacite} problem or even a compatibility problem, -but a \pkg{backref} problem. I had to use some nasty code in the current -document (\fname{apacite.tex}) to have the bibliography entry of this -reference formatted correctly when \pkg{backref} is loaded. When you -encounter this problem, you can use this code. - -Apart from being a standalone package, \pkg{backref} can also be -combined with \pkg{hyperref}. It is then not loaded separately, -but through the \pkgoption{backref} or \pkgoption{pagebackref} -option of the \pkg{hyperref} package. In this case, the backreferences -become hypertext links. See the discussion of the \pkg{hyperref} -package above. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Multiple bibliographies} -\label{sec:compat-chapterbib} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The \pkg{chapterbib} package allows separate bibliographies for separate -chapters of a book, or, technically, separate \cmd{\include}d files. To work -properly, it needs some small changes to the citation package, which are -clearly described in the \pkg{chapterbib} documentation. These changes have -been incorporated in \pkg{apacite}, and therefore \pkg{apacite} is compatible -with \pkg{chapterbib}. - -It is generally advisable not to use the \pkgoption{sectionbib} option of -\pkg{chapterbib}, because this redefines \cmd{\thebibliography}, which -interferes with the redefinition by \pkg{apacite}. You can use the -\pkgoption{sectionbib} option of \pkg{apacite} to accomplish that the -bibliography or bibliographies are sections, rather than chapters. - -Moreover, \pkg{apacite} is configured such that it takes a section as default -if it is in the main matter (signified by \cmd{\mainmatter}) of the document. -In the back matter (\cmd{\backmatter}) the bibliography is put in a chapter. -This is also the case if \cmd{\chapter} is defined but \cmd{\mainmatter} not. -(Is this possible? Perhaps for reports?) Consequently, the -\pkgoption{sectionbib} option is only useful in specific circumstances. The -\pkgoption{nosectionbib} forces the bibliography to be a chapter, provided -\cmd{\chapter} is defined. (I figured a \pkgoption{chapterbib} option would be -a bit confusing, so I stuck with \pkgoption{nosectionbib}.) - -The \pkg{bibunits} package is an alternative to \pkg{chapterbib}. It allows a -greater flexibility in choosing the scope of a bibliography (chapter, section, -or arbitrarily defined part of the document). I haven't tested it thoroughly, -but it seems like there are no compatibility problems between \pkg{apacite} -and \pkg{bibunits}. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\subsection{Programs for conversion to html, rtf, etc.} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -There are several programs that convert \LaTeX{} files to other types -of files, most notably html and rtf. This may, for example, be useful if you -want to publish your document on the internet or if you are requested to send -a ``Word'' file to a journal. I have received reports that \latextohtml{} -and \LaTeXrtf{} do not handle documents that use \pkg{apacite} well. -Therefore, I have studied these programs. - -\latextohtml{} is a \Perl{} program that converts a \LaTeX{} input -file into one or more \fname{.html} files, so that a document that is prepared -with \LaTeX{} can be used as a (user-friendly) internet document. For papers, -lecture notes, and transparencies of classes, I always convert the -\fname{.dvi} file output by \LaTeX{} to a \fname{.pdf} file (through the -\pkg{dvipdfm} program), which can be read by most people, e.g., using the -\pkg{Adobe Reader} program or browser plug-in. I find \fname{.pdf} files -more convenient, because I can download a whole paper or presentation -with a single click and then print it and read it when and where I desire, -whereas typical examples of conversions to \fname{.html} use many -\fname{.html} files, which can only be conveniently read from the computer -screen when and where you're connected to the internet. Nevertheless, I can -imagine that someone would like to convert a document to \fname{.html}, e.g., -because it loads faster and reads easier from the screen, because for some -documents most people will have to use only a small part and can easier browse -or search through it, or just because you want to make a home page and do not -want to learn the html-language. - -Similarly, \LaTeXrtf{} is a standalone program that converts a \LaTeX{} -document to \fname{.rtf} format, which can be read by most word processors. -This may be convenient if you (a \LaTeX{} user) want to share a document with -someone who does not work with \LaTeX{}, or as mentioned above, if you are -required to send a ``Word'' file to a journal. - -Both \latextohtml{} and \LaTeXrtf{} implement \LaTeX{} macros etc.\ in -another programming language (\latextohtml{}: \Perl{}; \LaTeXrtf{}: C) and -process the \fname{.tex} files directly. This design implies that the -conversion program must know the definitions of all \LaTeX{} macros that -are used. A drawback of this design is that essentially the same code has -to be written in different programming languages (\LaTeX{} macros for the -\fname{.sty} file, \Perl{} for \latextohtml{}, and C for \LaTeXrtf{}), but -typically with some adaptations specific for the application at hand. - -With \LaTeXrtf{}, the \LaTeX{} macros that it is able to process are included -in the C source code that is compiled. Consequently, no user additions are -possible in principle. However, the source code is freely available, so if you -define a \LaTeX{} macro, you could adapt \LaTeXrtf{}'s source code and -recompile \LaTeXrtf{}. It is obvious that this is very inconvenient, -especially if \LaTeX{} macros are defined differently for different styles or -if they are defined differently in different parts of the same document. - -Version~1.9.15 and higher of \LaTeXrtf{} contains some support for -\pkg{apacite}, but lags a few versions of \pkg{apacite} behind and thus -doesn't work with recent versions of \pkg{apacite}. Moreover, even if this -would be fixed, e.g., because I (or you) send patches to the \LaTeXrtf{} -authors, this wouldn't do justice to the flexibility of \pkg{apacite}, i.e., -its customization options. - -In contrast with this, \latextohtml{} allows the possibility to supply -external \Perl{} scripts. If \latextohtml{} encounters a -\cmdtwo{usepackage}{package} command in the document, it attempts to read the -corresponding \opt{package}\fname{.perl} \Perl{} script. \latextohtml{} is -shipped with many such \Perl{} scripts. There is not one for \pkg{apacite}, -but there is one for \pkg{natbib}, which could possibly be adapted for -\pkg{apacite}. Alternatively, you could use the \pkg{natbib} citation commands -and use the \pkg{natbib} package, which should work. This will become more -straightforward when, in a future version, \pkg{apacite} also supports the -\pkg{natbib} citation commands. Then the \fname{natbib.perl} script may -possibly be copied to \fname{apacite.perl} without having to adapt much. -However, I have never studied \Perl{}, and I do not particularly like the -idea of having to learn that language for this purpose, so it is not very -likely that in the near future \latextohtml{} will work well with -\pkg{apacite}. - -Note, however, that the design with the \Perl{} scripts has the advantage -that, if you customize the usage of \pkg{apacite} by writing your own -\fname{.sty} file that renews the definitions of some macros, you can also -supply a corresponding \Perl{} script, so that your customizations are -processed. - -An alternative to both \latextohtml{} and \LaTeXrtf{} is \TeXht{}. This is -a collection of programs and style files that convert \LaTeX{} to -various formats, such as html, xml, and OpenOffice format. If you have -OpenOffice, the latter can be used to convert to Word (or rtf) format. -The principle of \TeXht{} is to let \LaTeX{} do most of the formatting and -processing of commands, and do the conversion at low-level \TeX{} commands. -In this way, all newly defined commands and user-defined changes are -automatically supported. This even carries over to redefinitions of macros -in the middle of a document. However, for some specific purposes, there are -some additional things that must be arranged. Therefore, \TeXht{} contains a -large list of \fname{.4ht} files that are necessary to support various -\LaTeX{} packages. One of these is the \fname{apacite.4ht} file. The main -purpose of this file is to make citations into hyperlinks to the corresponding -entries in the reference list. Currently, this only works partially, but -the citation text itself is formatted correctly, so this is only a -relatively minor inconvenience. But, of course, it would be better if this -would work perfectly. I suspect that this issue is related to the problems -with the compatibility of \pkg{apacite} with \pkg{hyperref}, and can be -solved in the same way. I intend to study this issue in the near future and -hope to solve this for a future version (although, technically, it is a -\TeXht{} problem and not an \pkg{apacite} problem). - -The choice of which converter to use will typically not (only) depend on how -good it works in conjunction with \pkg{apacite}. Furthermore, apart from the -converters mentioned above, there are several additional converters that I -haven't studied at all. I will only study them if I receive reports about -incompatibility and even then it is far from certain that I will be willing or -able to fix the problems. It would be very demanding if I would have to define -the \pkg{apacite} commands in a large number of programming languages for a -large number of different converters. Because I prefer the design of \TeXht{} -and because this converter seems to work best at the moment, I will give a -bit more attention to this one. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Generating an author index} -\label{sec:autindex} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -The \pkg{apacite} package contains an option to (almost) automatically -generate an author index. This is done by using the \fname{apacitex.bst} -\BibTeX{} style file instead of \fname{apacite.bst} and loading the -\fname{apacite.sty} \LaTeX{} package with one of the \pkgoption{index}, -\pkgoption{stdindex}, \pkgoption{tocindex}, or \pkgoption{emindex} options. In -that case, the \pkg{apacite} package automatically loads the \pkg{index} -package that supports multiple indexes, so that you can have a subject index -as well as an author index. Consequently, the \pkg{index} package must be -available in a directory that is read by \LaTeX{}. If a subject index is -desired, it must be defined by the user, it is not defined by \pkg{apacite}. -See the manual of the \pkg{index} package on how to do this. A default author -index \emph{is} defined by \pkg{apacite}. The author index is then requested -by putting -\begin{verbatim} -\printindex[autx] -\end{verbatim} -at the point in the \LaTeX{} document where the index is supposed to appear. -To include the author index in the processed document, the following sequence -must be followed: First, \LaTeX{}, which puts citation entries in the -\fname{.aux} file. Second, \BibTeX{}, which generates the bibliography in the -\fname{.bbl} file. Third, \LaTeX{} (at least) twice, which puts index entries -in a \fname{.adx} file, Fourth, \MakeIndex{}, which uses the \fname{.adx} file -as input and puts the formatted index in a \fname{.and} file, which can be -processed by \LaTeX{}. So, if the main document is \fname{filename.tex}, then -\MakeIndex{} must be called as follows: -\begin{verbatim} -makeindex -o filename.and filename.adx -\end{verbatim} -although the command with which the \MakeIndex{} program must be called may on -some systems be slightly different, e.g., \fname{makeinde} or -\fname{makeindx}. Furthermore, several additional options may be chosen on the -\MakeIndex{} command line. Fifth, run \LaTeX{} again, which (finally) includes -the formatted author index in the \fname{.dvi} file. - -The \pkg{apacite} package provides some options to change the appearance of -the index somewhat. With the \pkgoption{index} option, the indexing facility -is turned on, but the \cmd{theindex} environment is not explicitly (re)defined -by \pkg{apacite}. This means that this environment is defined just like in the -\pkg{index} package, unless it is overridden by the \pkgoption{tocindex} or -\pkgoption{emindex} options or redefined by the user or another package that -is loaded. - -The \pkgoption{stdindex} option explicitly uses the definition of the -\cmd{theindex} environment that is defined in the \pkg{index} package -[1995/09/28 v4.1beta Improved index support (dmj)]. -With this definition, the index does not appear in the table of contents. With -the \pkgoption{tocindex} option, this definition is augmented with a table of -contents entry. Finally, with the \pkgoption{emindex} option, there are some -alternative definitions. It writes a table of contents entry as well, but the -index itself is now set in two columns using the \pkg{multicol} package -instead of the \cmd{\twocolumn} command, the text of the index is set in small -type, and the page head is not put in uppercase. - -When a table of contents entry is desired, another additional \LaTeX{} run is -required to obtain the table of contents with the author index included. In -exceptional cases, such as the current document, the extra line in de table of -contents may cause the text to be moved as well, so that it may be necessary -to run \MakeIndex{} a second time, followed by yet another \LaTeX{} run. - -The definitions of the index discussed apply to all indexes in the document, -so to, e.g., the subject index as well as the author index. Finally, the -formatting of the index itself can be changed by writing a \fname{.ist} file -containing the preferred options. \MakeIndex{} should then be called with the -filename of this index style file after a ``\verb+-s+'' option on the command -line, so, e.g., -\begin{verbatim} -makeindex -s mystyle.ist -o filename.and filename.adx -\end{verbatim} -The \MakeIndex{} documentation discusses the possible options that can be put -into the \fname{.ist} file. - -If you process the file \fname{apacite.tex} in the way discussed above (look -at the instructions in the \fname{README} file), it becomes clear that the -author index is almost as desired, but there are a few exceptions. First, I -can imagine that you would not want corporate authors, such as ``American -Psychological Association'', in the author index, but only human authors. I -haven't (yet) figured out a way to do this (semi-) automatically, so this has -to be done manually by editing the \fname{.bbl} file, see below. - -Second, serious problems occur with cases such as ``Bender, J.~{(Director)}.'' -and ``Bulatao, E.~{(with Winford, C. A.)}.''. Obviously, the description -``{(Director)}.'' should not be in the index and Winford should not be listed -as part of Bulatao, but as a separate author. These problems are caused by the -``tricks'' I used to make \BibTeX{} format them correctly in the reference -list, see section~\ref{sec:xmpl} below. They can also be manually solved by -editing the \fname{.bbl} file as discussed below. - -The author index does not contain entries for the authors Shocked and -Goodenough (as well as several corporate authors) as cited in text, although -it does for the reference list part, because the \fieldname{key} field was -used for the citations. If you use the \fieldname{key} (and -\fieldname{firstkey}) field and you want the authors in the author index as -well, you have to include the index command \verb+\protect\AX+ explicitly. For -example, the ``tricked'' \fieldname{key} field for Michelle Shocked is -\begin{verbatim} - key = {{\protect\bibsong{Shocked}{1992}{Over the - Waterfall}{track~5}}}, -\end{verbatim} -and if we change this into -\begin{verbatim} - key = {{\protect\bibsong{Shocked\protect\AX{shocked m - @Shocked, M.}}{1992}{Over the Waterfall}{track~5}}}, -\end{verbatim} -then citations to her are included in the author index. The \cmd{\AX} command -will be discussed below. - -Summarizing, the author indexing part works very well for most commonly -encountered cases. However, it does not work (entirely) correctly if special -measures need to be taken to get them formatted correctly in \BibTeX{} -(citations, reference list). - -An easy solution to incorrect formatting and/or sorting in the author index is -to edit the \fname{.bbl} file manually. This should be done at a time when -\BibTeX{} will not have to be run again. Otherwise, the changes would be -overwritten by the next \BibTeX{} run. This editing of the \fname{.bbl} file -is not in the \TeX-spirit, but in my experience --- I used it for two books -with lots of references \cite{meijer1998,WaMe00}, with a previous version of -\pkg{apacite} that caused many more problematic cases --- this takes very -little time, usually only minutes (compare that with the time spent on writing -a book, or with the time that would be necessary to manually make an author -index). - -The connection between the \fname{.bbl} file and the author index is through -\cmd{\AX} commands that are entered by \fname{apacitex.bst} in the -\fname{.bbl} file. These are responsible for the author indexing facilities. -By looking at the contents of the \fname{.bbl} file, some changes that lead to -correct formatting are immediately obvious. For example, the entry for Bender -is generated by the following lines: -\begin{verbatim} -\protect\AX{bender jdirector -@Bender, J.~{\bibliteral{(Director)}}.}}{% -\end{verbatim} -It is immediately clear that this can be changed to -\begin{verbatim} -\protect\AX{bender j -@Bender, J.}}{% -\end{verbatim} -Then, this author will be placed and formatted correctly in the author index. -Note that \pkg{apacite} uses the \opt{key}\verb+@+\opt{visual} form of -indexing. This form is used in \MakeIndex{} to distinguish between the actual -representation in the index and the place where it should occur. The \opt{key} -is used by \MakeIndex{} to sort the entry, but the entry actually appearing in -the index is \opt{visual}. In the \opt{key} part as formatted by -\pkg{apacite}, all names are in lower case letters and all accents and -punctuation are removed. Furthermore, \pkg{apacite} inserts \emph{two} spaces -between surname and initials, and to \MakeIndex{}, two spaces are different -from one space. Spaces between surnames are removed, as well as spaces between -initials. - -The correct author index could also be accomplished by editing the final -\fname{.and} file, which contains the final formatted author index. However, -it is more convenient to edit the \fname{.bbl} file, which is usually -``final'' in a much earlier stage. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Known problems, things to be done, etc.} -\label{sec:todo} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -With any kind of software, there is usually a list with known problems (bugs) -and desirable future work (to-do), and \pkg{apacite} is no exception. These -subjects will be discussed in this section. - -A class of problems was already discussed in section~\ref{sec:compat} above. -This concerns the incompatibility of the \fname{.bib} file with other citation -styles, through \pkg{apacite}-specific fields, APA-specific contents of -fields, or through special tricks. These lead to correctly formatted -references in APA style, but may cause problems with using the \fname{.bib} -file with other styles (in case APA journals reject your article~\ldots). As -discussed there, however, this problem is unavoidable and presumably not a -very big problem to most users. - -An incomplete list of other known problems and things that I would -like to do with \pkg{apacite} is: -\begin{itemize} -\item Sort entries within a single citation command. The \pkg{natbib} - package already offers this option; -\item Swap (optionally?) the order of closing quotes and various other - punctuation marks (\verb+.,;!?+) in a citation, for articles where - there is no named author and the title (between quotes) takes the - role of the author; -\item If a work is authored by someone, ``with'' someone else: This - currently must be tricked in a nonelegant way. Perhaps I can - think of a better solution. -\item Add the \fieldname{address} field for \entryname{lecture} entries. - In the current version, the address is part of the description of - the meeting in the \fieldname{howpublished} field, but it makes - sense to disentangle these; -\item Give explicit support for citation to the Bible and other - ``classic'' works and the \emph{DSM}; -\item Give explicit support for music recordings in \entryname{incollection} - entries; -\item Study referencing legal materials (Appendix~D of the APA manual); -\item Define \BibTeX{} macros or strings for commonly encountered - journals (at least the APA journals); -\item Support \pkg{natbib} citation commands (\cmd{\citet}, \cmd{\citep}, - etc.); -\item Improve and extend language support; -\item Make a \pkg{doc}/\pkg{docstrip} version, so that the whole suite - consists of a \fname{.dtx} file containing all code, documentation, - and test documents, and a \fname{.ins} file that extracts the various - desired files from the \fname{.dtx} file. -\end{itemize} -Quite likely, other problems will come up when using the current version of -\pkg{apacite}, but at least I got it working on the APA manual examples, see -section~\ref{sec:xmpl} below. I have lots of ideas for improvements, -extensions, options, etc., but not much time to devote to it. Therefore, it is -difficult to give a good estimate of when I will release a new update. -However, in the meantime, if you have questions, remarks, suggestions, or bug -reports, you can e-mail them to me. - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\section{Examples of the APA manual} -\label{sec:xmpl} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -In this section, the \pkg{apacite} package is tested by citing the examples of -the APA manual (5th ed., pp.~207--281), and some additional references for -additional purposes. - -The following list gives the examples from chapter~3 of the APA manual, with -section number. For these and all later examples, whenever I thought it -necessary or desirable, I added some comments. These are indicated by the \EM{} -symbol. Especially for later examples (from chap.~4), the comments frequently -pertain to the corresponding reference list entry. - -\begin{itemize} -\item[3.94] \citeA{3.94-1} compared reaction times\\ - In a recent study of reaction times \cite{3.94-1}\\ - In \citeyearNP{3.94-1} \citeauthor{3.94-1} compared - reaction times\\ - In a recent study of reaction times, \citeA{3.94-1} - described the method\ldots. \citeauthor{3.94-1} also found -\item[3.95] \citeA{3.95-1} found\\ - \citeA{3.95-1} found\\ - \citeauthor{3.95-1} found\\ - \fullcite{3.95-2} and \fullcite{3.95-3}\\ - \citeA{3.95-2} and \citeA{3.95-3}\\ - \EM It seems that if ``et al.'' would refer to one additional - author, then this author is named instead of the ``et al.'' - clause.\\ - \citeA{3.95-4} and \citeA{3.95-5}\\ - as \citeA{3.95-6} demonstrated\\ - \EM The comma after ``Nightlinger'' in the reference list - does not look right, but is explicitly required by the APA. - Of course, with people as authors, - one almost always has initials (although I have seen - an example of an econometrician who only had - one name), so this problem is not likely to occur. - With nicknames (``screen names'' as they are called in the - APA manual below ex. 85) in messages to newsgroups, initials - are typically missing, but then there is usually (always?) - only one author, so the problem does not exist either. - The problem can, however, come up when there are two authors, - the first of which is a corporate author, or with artists, - e.g., the song ``Into the Groove'' is written by - Madonna and Stephen Bray. (But perhaps the APA would want - Madonna to be referred to as ``Ciccone, M.'').\\ - as has been shown \cite{3.95-7} -\item[3.96] \cite{3.96-1}\\ - \cite{3.96-1}\\ - \cite{3.96-2}\\ - \EM For this document, I defined the \cmd{\bibcorporate} - macro, which indicates that the author is a corporate - author. The way it is used now only has the effect that - in the reference list, the name is treated as a whole, - and not as a firstname-lastname combination. My idea is - to think of a way to define this macro such that it is - able to suppress inclusion of the corporate author in the - author index, but I have not succeeded in this. - Note, however, that this is not part of \pkg{apacite}, but - part of the trick box of the user.\\ - \EM If the \fieldname{firstkey} field is different - and the \fieldname{key} field is the same, then, analogous - to the use of extra authors in 3.95 above, \pkg{apacite} - uses the \fieldname{firstkey} field for all citations:\\ - \citeA{3.96-3}, \citeA{3.96-4}, \citeA{3.96-5}, \citeA{3.96-6};\\ - \citeA{3.96-3}, \citeA{3.96-4}, \citeA{3.96-5}, \citeA{3.96-6}.\\ - Although this is a constructed example, these organizations - really exist. The ``Koninklijke Nederlandse Schaakbond'' - is the Royal Dutch Chess Association and the - ``Koninklijke Nederlandse Schaatsbond'' is the Royal Dutch - Skating Association. Both are abbreviated to KNSB and - presumably, both publish an annual report each year. -\item[3.97] on free care \cite{3.97-1}\\ - \EM The order of the - closing quotes and the comma is different from the - APA manual. I think this one is more logical, although the - APA manual's is the conventional one, presumably for - aesthetic reasons. I hope to implement this in a future - version.\\ - the book \citeA{3.97-2}\\ - \cite{3.97-3}\\ - \EM If two articles both have no author and the title and - the year are the same, a's and b's should be used: - \citeA{3.97-4}, \citeA{3.97-5}, and \citeA{3.97-6}. - The latter two entries are correctly sorted by month, - through the way the month macros are defined in - \fname{apacitex.bst}. -\item[3.98] \citeA{3.98-1} and \citeA{3.98-2} also found\\ - \citeA{3.98-3} and \citeA{3.98-4} studied -\item[3.99] Past research \cite{3.99-1,3.99-2}\\ - Past research \cite{3.99-3,3.99-4,3.99-5}\\ - Several studies - \cite{3.99-6,3.99-7,3.99-8,3.99-9,3.99-10,3.99-11}\\ - Several studies \cite{3.99-12,3.99-13,3.99-14}\\ - \EM \pkg{apacite} does not (yet?) sort the cited - references in the text (of course it does for the reference - list), as required by the APA manual.\\ - (\citeNP{3.99-15}; see also \citeNP{3.99-16,3.99-17})\\ - \EM Note that I had to use \cmd{\citeNP} here. -\item[3.100] \cite{3.100-1}\\ - \EM This is not an example, but a rule in the text. - The ``\bibnodate'' is handled by the \cmd{\bibnodate} - macro. It is not clear whether it is really meant that the - in-text form is \citeauthor{3.100-1}, \citeyearNP{3.100-1} - or the more logically consistent \citeA{3.100-1}. - The former can (currently) only be accomplished by using - \cmd{\citeauthor} and \cmd{\citeyearNP} explicitly, - whereas the latter is simply obtained by \cmd{\citeA}.\\ - \cite{3.100-2}\\ - \citeA{3.100-3} - - \EM For citations to the bible, I defined a \cmd{\biblecite} - command and several obvious variations on it. For example:\\ - \cmd{\bibleciteA}, first cite: \bibleciteA{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ - \cmd{\bibleciteA}, second cite: \bibleciteA{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ - \cmd{\biblecite}, first cite: \fullbiblecite{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ - \cmd{\biblecite}, second cite: \biblecite{1 Cor.\ 13:1}\\ - (\cmd{\bibleciteNP}, first cite: - \fullbibleciteNP{1 Cor.\ 13:1} and some text surrounding it)\\ - (\cmd{\bibleciteNP}, second cite: - \bibleciteNP{1 Cor.\ 13:1} and some text surrounding it)\\ - \EM Here, there probably should be a comma if it's the first - cite and not a comma when it's a later cite. A difficult one.\\ - \EM Are there other ``classical works'' that should be treated - like this? If so, which and how? -\item[3.101] \cite[p.~332]{3.101-1}\\ - \cite[chap.~3]{3.101-2}\\ - \EM If you like, you can use the \pkg{apacite}-defined - abbreviation commands \verb+\BPG+ and \verb+\BCHAP+.\\ - \cite[\P~5]{3.101-3}\\ - \cite[Conclusion section, para.~1]{3.101-4} -\item[3.102] \EM Personal communication is not really citation and should - be done manually:\\ - T.~K. Lutes (personal communication, April 18, 2001)\\ - (V.-G. Nguyen, personal communication, September 28, 1998) -\item[3.103] \cite<see Table~2 of>[for complete data]{3.103-1} -\end{itemize} - -\noindent -Chapter~4 of the APA manual deals with the reference list -and only mentions some in-text citation issues in passing. -Therefore, the rest mainly requires a lot of moving back and forth -between the reference list and this part. I start with the -more ``general'' part, sections 4.01--4.15, presented similar to -the sections from chapter~3 as presented above. -\begin{itemize} -\item[4.04] \EM First, some examples mentioned in the text:\\ - \citeA{4.04-t1}, - \citeA{4.04-t2}, - \citeA{4.04-t3}, - \citeA{4.04-t4}, - \citeA{4.04-t5}, - \citeA{4.04-t6}, - \citeA{4.04-t7}, - \citeA{4.04-t8}, - \citeA{4.04-t9}\\ - \EM The APA manual states that prefixes must be treated - according to the rules of the language of origin. These rules - can differ a lot between languages (and countries) and it - is impossible to know all these rules. The APA manual gives two - examples, one in which ``De Vries'' is treated as the surname, - and one in which ``Helmholtz'' is the surname and ``von'' is - the ``von'' part of the name. - - In the former case, the author is referred to as, say, ``De Vries - (1999)'' in text and ``De Vries, J. (1999).'', alphabetized under - ``D'' in the reference list. In the second example, the author is - referred to as, say, ``Helmholtz (1870)'' and listed in the - reference list as ``Helmholtz, H. L. F. von. (1870).'', - alphabetized under ``H''. To get this right, the author must be - defined as -\begin{verbatim} - author = {H. L. F. von Helmholtz}, -\end{verbatim} - or -\begin{verbatim} - author = {von Helmholtz, H. L. F.}, -\end{verbatim} - then \BibTeX{} will assign the correct parts to the first names, - ``von''-part, and last name. The seemingly logical -\begin{verbatim} - author = {Helmholtz, H. L. F. von}, -\end{verbatim} - will not be formatted correctly, because ``von'' is now - considered to be part of the first names and therefore - abbreviated to ``v.''. - - Below, under example B-2, I will further discuss some - issues about ``von'' parts. - - \EM The APA manual requires that numerals are alphabetized - as if they were spelled out. This is not done by \pkg{apacite}, - so when applicable should be done by the user, e.g.\ by using - the \cmd{\SortNoop} command as defined in - \citeA[p.~404]{LaTeXcomp}. I give one fictitious example - \cite{4.04-t10}. - - \citeA{4.04-1}\\ - \citeA{4.04-2}\\ - \citeA{4.04-3}\\ - \citeA{4.04-4}\\ - \citeA{4.04-5}\\ - \citeA{4.04-6}\\ - \citeA{4.04-7}\\ - \citeA{4.04-8}\\ - \citeA{4.04-9}\\ - \citeA{4.04-10}\\ - \citeA{4.04-11}\\ - \citeA{4.04-12}\\ - \citeA{4.04-13}\\ - \citeA{4.04-14}\\ - \EM I have not (yet?) studied referencing legal materials. - In the first version of \pkg{apacite}, I defined a - \entryname{literal} type, so that the users can - literally format such entries themselves. However, - I think that if you need to refer to legal cases, you - can find a way to use the \entryname{misc} type to get - it right. I might study this and give examples in a - next version of \pkg{apacite}. -\item[4.05] \citeA{4.05-1}\\ - \nocitemeta{4.05-2}\citeA{4.05-2}\\ - \EM Here I used the \cmd{\nocitemeta} command to let - \pkg{apacite} know that a meta-analysis is reported and this - work is included in it. As you can see, you can still cite - the work by using the normal citation commands such as - \cmd{\citeA}. -\item[4.08] \citeA{4.08-1}\\ - \citeA{4.08-2}\\ - \citeA{4.08-3}\\ - \EM I used the \verb+\bibliteral+ construction, - which echoes its argument literally, to obtain the - ``(with \ldots)'' description in the reference list. However, - to \BibTeX{}, this is not a description, but a complicated - accented character which is the second initial of the author. - Consequently, this does not work properly with styles that put - the initials \emph{before} the surnames, and care must be - exercised with ``junior'' parts (see ex. 70). Furthermore, - this construction must be put between a pair of - braces in order for \BibTeX{} to treat it as an accented letter. -\item[4.09] \citeA{4.09-1} -\item[4.10] \citeA{4.10-1}\\ - \citeA{4.10-2} -\item[4.11] \citeA{4.11-1}\\ - \citeA{4.11-2}\\ - \EM Note that in the \fname{.bib} file, the ``junior'' part comes - directly after the surname and a comma, with the initials - after the ``junior'' part, whereas in the formatted - reference list, the more logical order \opt{surname}, - \opt{initials}, \opt{junior}, is used. -\item[4.12] \citeA{4.12-1} -\item[4.13] \citeA{4.13-1}\\ - \EM ``For substantial reference works with a large editorial - board, naming the lead editor followed by \texttt{et al.} is - acceptable''. This is now implemented in \pkg{apacite} as - follows: If there are 7 or more editors, only the first one - is named, followed by ``et al.'' \cite{4.13-2}.\\ -\item[4.15] \citeA{4.15-1}\\ - \EM I used the \cmd{\url} command from the \pkg{url} - package to format internet addresses. This command, however, - breaks addresses at different positions than the APA requires - (in particular, \emph{after} a dot and \emph{before} the - double slashes). Furthermore, I used a construction - through a \verb+\bibnodot{.}+ expression, which swallows - the dot, to prevent \BibTeX{} from adding a period - after the internet address.\\ - \citeA{4.15-2} -\end{itemize} - -\noindent -The rest is from section 4.16, the examples section. The section number -is omitted, but A--I are used instead for the unnumbered examples. For -the numbered examples, only the number is given. - -The following enumerated list gives the example number, and -the two basic in-text citation commands, both in a full and -short form, of the examples. -\begin{enumerate} -\item[A-1] \cite{A-1} \\ \cite{A-1} \\ \fullciteA{A-1} \\ \citeA{A-1} -\item \cite{ex1} \\ \cite{ex1} \\ \fullciteA{ex1} \\ \citeA{ex1} -\item \cite{ex2} \\ \cite{ex2} \\ \fullciteA{ex2} \\ \citeA{ex2} -\item \cite{ex3} \\ \cite{ex3} \\ \fullciteA{ex3} \\ \citeA{ex3} -\item \cite{ex4} \\ \cite{ex4} \\ \fullciteA{ex4} \\ \citeA{ex4}\\ - \cite{ex4-2} \\ \cite{ex4-2} \\ \fullciteA{ex4-2} \\ \citeA{ex4-2}\\ - \EM Note that the list of authors can be finished with - ``\verb+and others+'' if there are more than 6 authors, or - all authors can be given, in which case \pkg{apacite} truncates - the list after the first 6. For compatibility with other styles, - the latter is preferable. -\item \cite{ex5} \\ \cite{ex5} \\ \fullciteA{ex5} \\ \citeA{ex5} -\item \cite{ex6} \\ \cite{ex6} \\ \fullciteA{ex6} \\ \citeA{ex6} -\item \cite{ex7} \\ \cite{ex7} \\ \fullciteA{ex7} \\ \citeA{ex7}\\ - \EM Here, I used -\begin{verbatim} - month = {Spring}, -\end{verbatim} - which is perfectly fine to \BibTeX{}. -\item \cite{ex8} \\ \cite{ex8} \\ \fullciteA{ex8} \\ \citeA{ex8}\\ - \EM Here, again, the order of the closing quotes and the - following comma should be reversed according to the APA rules. -\item \cite{ex9} \\ \cite{ex9} \\ \fullciteA{ex9} \\ \citeA{ex9}\\ - \EM Here, again, the order of the closing quotes and the - following comma should be reversed according to the APA rules. -\item \cite{ex10} \\ \cite{ex10}\\ \fullciteA{ex10}\\ \citeA{ex10} -\item \cite{ex11} \\ \cite{ex11}\\ \fullciteA{ex11}\\ \citeA{ex11}\\ - \EM Apparently, a weekly newspaper is not a magazine and should - therefore include ``p.'' or ``pp.'' in front of the page - number(s), whereas a magazine article should not. I do not - understand the distinction very well and find it not very - useful as well, but will adhere to it. It means that the - \entryname{newspaper} type gets the ``pp.'', whereas - \entryname{magazine} and \entryname{article}, which are now - identical, do not. -\item \cite{ex12} \\ \cite{ex12}\\ \fullciteA{ex12}\\ \citeA{ex12}\\ - \EM Here, \verb+\emph{DSM-IV}+ must be entered without an extra - pair of braces in the title field, see ex.~73 for the intricacies - of braces and \verb+\emph+ in the title field. -\item \cite{ex13} \\ \cite{ex13}\\ \fullciteA{ex13}\\ \citeA{ex13} -\item \cite{ex14} \\ \cite{ex14}\\ \fullciteA{ex14}\\ \citeA{ex14} -\item \cite{ex15} \\ \cite{ex15}\\ \fullciteA{ex15}\\ \citeA{ex15} -\item \cite{ex16} \\ \cite{ex16}\\ \fullciteA{ex16}\\ \citeA{ex16} -\item \cite{ex17} \\ \cite{ex17}\\ \fullciteA{ex17}\\ \citeA{ex17}\\ - \EM This case is the opposite of the more common situation where a - reprint is cited and an original publication year is given. I could - implement similar code to handle this case (and I may if I get requests - to do this), but for the moment, I decided to trick the system: I - defined a macro \cmd{\bibreftext} which must be called with two - arguments. Initially, it places the second argument in the text, but - just before the bibliography, its definition is changed so that the - first argument is placed in the reference list. By defining -\begin{verbatim} - year = {{\protect\bibreftext{1992}{1992/1993}}}, -\end{verbatim} - in the \fname{.bib} file, the year is ``1992'' in the reference - list and ``1992/1993'' in the text citations. The \cmd{\protect} - is necessary to make sure that the \cmd{\bibreftext} macro is not - written out in the label-part of the bibliography, because then - only ``1992'' would appear in the text reference. The additional - pair of braces are necessary to make sure that the entry - is alphabetized correctly. When these are omitted, the entry - is alphabetized under the ``P'' of ``protect''. Of course, the - latter is only important if the reference list contains - multiple works by the same author(s), but the same phenomenon - is encountered when the \fieldname{author} or \fieldname{editor} - field starts with a command, or when there is no author or editor - and the \fieldname{title} field starts with a command, as in - the entry \citeA{4.04-t10} introduced in 4.04 above. - - Of course, you can save yourself a lot of trouble by - obtaining the original article and citing that. -\item \cite{ex18} \\ \cite{ex18}\\ \fullciteA{ex18}\\ \citeA{ex18} -\item \cite{ex19} \\ \cite{ex19}\\ \fullciteA{ex19}\\ \citeA{ex19} -\item \cite{ex20} \\ \cite{ex20}\\ \fullciteA{ex20}\\ \citeA{ex20} -\item \cite{ex21} \\ \cite{ex21}\\ \fullciteA{ex21}\\ \citeA{ex21}\\ - \EM Apparently, a translator and original publication date - do not have to be mentioned here. -\item Seidenberg and McClelland's study \cite<as cited in>{ex22}\\ - %\cite{ex22} \\ \cite{ex22}\\ \fullciteA{ex22}\\ \citeA{ex22} -\item[B-1] \cite{B-1} \\ \cite{B-1} \\ \fullciteA{B-1} \\ \citeA{B-1} -\item \cite{ex23} \\ \cite{ex23}\\ \fullciteA{ex23}\\ \citeA{ex23} -\item \cite{ex24} \\ \cite{ex24}\\ \fullciteA{ex24}\\ \citeA{ex24}\\ - \EM The APA manual gives a number, which would not ordinarily be - done with proper books and which suggests that it could also - be treated as a report. In that case, the default ``Tech. Rep.'' - description should be left out, however. This can be accomplished - by defining -\begin{verbatim} - type = {\bibnotype}, -\end{verbatim} - which flags that the type must be left out, see example 42. - However, for books, it now works fine leaving the \fieldname{type} - field empty and giving the number in the \fieldname{number} field. -\item \cite{ex25} \\ \cite{ex25}\\ \fullciteA{ex25}\\ \citeA{ex25}\\ - \EM According to the note after ex.~25 in the APA manual, - an edited book with ``just one'' author should list - the editor (and translator, when available) after the - title, just like the translator. An example of this is - \citeA{ex25-t1}. (Should the original years of publication - be used here?) - - However, what does ``just one author'' mean here? Does it mean that if - there are 2 authors and 1 or more editors, the editors should - not be mentioned, or the authors should not be mentioned? - Presumably, it means the following: - In the default case, an edited book consists of several chapters, - with different chapters written by different authors. In this case, - the reference to the whole book lists only the editor(s). - If every chapter is written by the same author, and there are 1 - or more editors, their condition holds. I think that if all - chapters are written by the same $n$ ($\geq 2$) authors, it should - also be treated in this way, i.e., with the authors in the - author position and the editor behind the title. A difficult - case would appear if the book were a collection of works of, say, - 2 authors, with some chapters written by one and some by the - other, and some jointly, as in \citeA{ex25-t2}. These choices have - to be made by the user, however, \pkg{apacite} will format author, - editor, and translator, whenever available. -\item \cite{ex26} \\ \cite{ex26}\\ \fullciteA{ex26}\\ \citeA{ex26}\\ - \EM According to section~3.97, the title should be in italics. - In this example, in the citation, it is not given in italics, - but this must be an error, because they do give it in italics - on p.~219 (but give no date there). -\item \cite{ex27} \\ \cite{ex27}\\ \fullciteA{ex27}\\ \citeA{ex27} -\item \cite{ex28} \\ \cite{ex28}\\ \fullciteA{ex28}\\ \citeA{ex28} -\item \EM I defined a \verb+\DSMcite+ macro and some related - alternatives to get the \emph{DSM} references right:\\ - \cmd{\DSMcite}, first citation: \DSMcite{ex29} \\ - \cmd{\DSMcite}, second citation: \DSMcite{ex29} \\ - \cmd{\DSMciteA}, first citation: \DSMfullciteA{ex29} \\ - \cmd{\DSMciteA}, second citation: \DSMciteA{ex29} \\ - \cmd{\DSMciteNP}, first citation: \DSMfullciteNP{ex29} \\ - \cmd{\DSMciteNP}, second citation: \DSMciteNP{ex29} \\ - \EM Actually, these macros are not related to the \emph{DSM} at all, - except that they are defined to handle these. These macros - act as a normal citation the first time a \emph{DSM} is - referenced and all subsequent times as a suitably formatted - \cmd{\citeauthor}. So the only difference with ordinary - citations is that the year is left out the second and later - times. By defining -\begin{verbatim} - firstkey = {{American Psychiatric Association}}, - key = {{\APACcitebtitle{DSM-IV}}}, -\end{verbatim} - using the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} macro introduced before, - the \emph{DSM} citations are correctly formatted. - However, the \cmd{\DSM*} macros are still very rough. Multiple - citations are not handled well, so only one work should - be cited with such a macro. Furthermore, the pre- and - postfixes (through \verb+<...>+ and \verb+[...]+) are not - available. - - \EM The following two are for testing the ordering (sorting) - in \BibTeX{} and \MakeIndex{} \cite{ex29-2,ex29-3}. - -\item \cite{ex30} \\ \cite{ex30}\\ \fullciteA{ex30}\\ \citeA{ex30}\\ - \EM Here, ``6th ed.'' comes before ``Vols.\ 1--20'', so it is - Vols.\ 1--20 of the 6th edition. \pkg{apacite} now uses this - order. Pre-[2003/09/05] versions placed volumes before editions, - which is appropriate when different volumes of a series - are not updated jointly, so that you may have the 3rd edition - of Vol.~2, but only the 1st edition of Vol.~6. Should you - want this, you have to trick the system by putting both - elements in the \fieldname{edition} field: -\begin{verbatim} - edition = {\BVOLS\ 1--20, 6th}, -\end{verbatim} - and leaving the \fieldname{volume} field empty.\\ - \EM Does the remark about large editorial boards mean that the - APA intended to add ``et al.'' here? Anyway, here is an example - of such a situation: \citeA{ex30-2}. -\item \cite{ex31} \\ \cite{ex31}\\ \fullciteA{ex31}\\ \citeA{ex31} -\item \cite{ex32} \\ \cite{ex32}\\ \fullciteA{ex32}\\ \citeA{ex32} -\item \cite{ex33} \\ \cite{ex33}\\ \fullciteA{ex33}\\ \citeA{ex33} -\item[B-2] \cite{B-2} \\ \cite{B-2} \\ \fullciteA{B-2} \\ \citeA{B-2} \\ - \EM This is a suitable point to discuss ``von'' parts further. - One of the editors in the current example is called - P. van den Broek. I am Dutch and I recognize this as a Dutch - name, so let's assume that this person is Dutch. Let us now - consider the situation that this person is the (only) author. - Then according to the Dutch rules, this person would be listed in the - reference list as ``Broek, P. van den. (1992)'' and listed under ``B'', - but referred to in the text as ``Van den Broek (1992)'', including - the ``von'' part and capitalizing the first letter. When an - initial precedes the ``von'' part (e.g., when there are two - primary authors with this surname, but with different initials), - then this person would be referred to in the text as - ``P. van den Broek (1992)'', including the ``von'' part, but now - in lower case. The Dutch rules are very difficult to do right in - \BibTeX{}/\LaTeX{} and they conflict with the rules for other - languages, and presumably with the rules of the APA, which would - require this person to be alphabetized under ``V'', at least. - - For the current editor position, there is no big problem with - the APA rules. The ``von'' part can really be put in the ``von'' - part as recognized by \BibTeX{}, which I did, or it can be enclosed - in braces, making the whole last name one part. Either will come - out right and the editor will not be referred to in the text - anyway. With styles that put the initials behind the surname, - it will only work right when put in the ``von'' part. In the - author position, however, things are different. Then this author - could be formatted as -\begin{verbatim} - author = {Van {\lowercase{D}}en Broek, P.}, -\end{verbatim} - where the \verb+{\lowercase{D}}+ construction is used to prevent - \BibTeX{} from interpreting it as a ``von'' part, or -\begin{verbatim} - author = {Van{\ }den{\ }Broek, P.}, - author = {{Van den Broek}, P.}, -\end{verbatim} - which in most situations gives the correct version according to the - Dutch rules with the correct alphabetizing according to the APA - rules. Only in situations when the initial would appear - \emph{before} the surname (when there are other authors with the - same surname or when using other styles), this would lead to - unwanted results. - - If you really want to alphabetize according to the Dutch rules - (which is \emph{not} APA in my interpretation), you can use the - following trick. Define a macro \verb+\Dutchvon+ with - two arguments which is equivalent to the \verb+\bibreftext+ - macro discussed in ex.~17 above. That is, in the beginning - of the document, it is defined as echoing its second argument, - and just before the reference list, it is redefined to echo - its first argument. Then define the author as -\begin{verbatim} - author = {van den {\protect\Dutchvon{Broek}{Van den Broek}}, P.}, -\end{verbatim} - which, combined with the \pkg{apacite} formatting implies - that in text, ``Van den Broek'' is used, whereas the author - is alphabetized under ``B'' in the reference list, and listed - as ``Broek, P. van den''. Of course, we could simply have - used \verb+\bibreftext+ again, but that was used to cover a - completely different situation, and I can easily imagine that - when switching to another citation style, the former application - (i.e., 1992/1993) must be kept, but the ``von'' part is handled - differently, so that \verb+\Dutchvon+ must be redefined. - Based on this example, users should be able to define their - own tricks for similar peculiarities. - - Finally, note that in Belgium, where many people - speak Dutch as well, it is customary to alphabetize under ``V'' - anyway (``Van Damme''). -\item \cite{ex34} \\ \cite{ex34}\\ \fullciteA{ex34}\\ \citeA{ex34} -\item \cite{ex35} \\ \cite{ex35}\\ \fullciteA{ex35}\\ \citeA{ex35} -\item \cite{ex36} \\ \cite{ex36}\\ \fullciteA{ex36}\\ \citeA{ex36}\\ - \EM I had to use some tricks to get the Series and Volume Editors' - descriptions right. The ``(Series Ed.)'' is according to - \BibTeX{} part of the last name of the first editor, - and I used a \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro to get the volume - editor right. The \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro has one argument. - The macro changes the definitions of the macros \verb+\BED+ and - \verb+\BEDS+ to the argument and then immediately changes the - definitions back to their old definitions. So it makes a one-time - change. - - It seems to me that only mentioning the - volume editor as ``editor'' would be sufficient, but the APA - requires both. It raises the question when series editors - should be mentioned: only if the specific volume in the - series is itself an edited work (as with this handbook), - or also with books that are published in a series. Many books - are published in some series, with one or more series editors - and I have never seen any mentioning of the series editors of - such books, but it is not clear to me when this should be done - then. -\item \cite{ex37} \\ \cite{ex37}\\ \fullciteA{ex37}\\ \citeA{ex37} -\item \cite{ex38} \\ \cite{ex38}\\ \fullciteA{ex38}\\ \citeA{ex38} -\item \cite{ex39} \\ \cite{ex39}\\ \fullciteA{ex39}\\ \citeA{ex39}\\ - \EM Here, it is stated that the translator's name should be put - after the editor's name when both are different, but in example - 40, the translators are put after the title, before the editors. - Apparently, if the book is a collection of works by one - author(-group), edited and translated, then the translator - should come after the editor, but if different chapters - are translated by different translators, or perhaps not all - are translated works, then the translator should come after - the title. Of course, \pkg{apacite} has no way of knowing this. - In the current implementation, for an \entryname{incollection}, - if the editor and translator are the same, they are formatted as - in this example, whereas if they are different, they are treated - as in example 40 below. I think this will be satisfactory in - most cases. If you really want the translator after the editor - when they are different, you can trick the system in a way - similar to example 36. -\item \cite{ex40} \\ \cite{ex40}\\ \fullciteA{ex40}\\ \citeA{ex40}\\ - \EM See my comments to example 39 above. -\item[C-1] \cite{C-1} \\ \cite{C-1} \\ \fullciteA{C-1} \\ \citeA{C-1} -\item \cite{ex41} \\ \cite{ex41}\\ \fullciteA{ex41}\\ \citeA{ex41} -\item \cite{ex42} \\ \cite{ex42}\\ \fullciteA{ex42}\\ \citeA{ex42}\\ - \EM I used the \cmd{\bibnotype} construction discussed - in example~24 to suppress the default ``(Tech.\ Rep.{})'' - description. Actually, I don't think there is anything wrong with - calling a report a report, be it ``technical'' by default, or by - specifying -\begin{verbatim} - type = {Report}, -\end{verbatim} - except that it's not done so in this specific example in the - APA manual. But there does not seem to be a rule against it. -\item \cite{ex43} \\ \cite{ex43}\\ \fullciteA{ex43}\\ \citeA{ex43} -\item \cite{ex44} \\ \cite{ex44}\\ \fullciteA{ex44}\\ \citeA{ex44} -\item \cite{ex45} \\ \cite{ex45}\\ \fullciteA{ex45}\\ \citeA{ex45} -\item \cite{ex46} \\ \cite{ex46}\\ \fullciteA{ex46}\\ \citeA{ex46}\\ - \EM Note that in the example in the APA manual, ``Western Australia'' - \emph{is} mentioned in the publisher location, whereas their rule - explicitly states that this should not be the case in this - situation, and they stress that again below the example. - Therefore, I did not mention ``Western Australia'' in the - \fieldname{publisher} field. -\item \cite{ex47} \\ \cite{ex47}\\ \fullciteA{ex47}\\ \citeA{ex47} -\item \cite{ex48} \\ \cite{ex48}\\ \fullciteA{ex48}\\ \citeA{ex48} -\item \cite{ex49} \\ \cite{ex49}\\ \fullciteA{ex49}\\ \citeA{ex49} -\item \cite{ex50} \\ \cite{ex50}\\ \fullciteA{ex50}\\ \citeA{ex50} -\item \cite{ex51} \\ \cite{ex51}\\ \fullciteA{ex51}\\ \citeA{ex51} -\item \cite{ex52} \\ \cite{ex52}\\ \fullciteA{ex52}\\ \citeA{ex52} -\item \cite{ex53} \\ \cite{ex53}\\ \fullciteA{ex53}\\ \citeA{ex53} -\item \cite{ex54} \\ \cite{ex54}\\ \fullciteA{ex54}\\ \citeA{ex54} -\item \cite{ex55} \\ \cite{ex55}\\ \fullciteA{ex55}\\ \citeA{ex55}\\ - \EM It seems logical to suppress the original year if it's the - same as the year of the abstract. - - \EM According to example 54 and the text below it, an ``A'' - or ``B'' should be added to the volume number of \emph{DAI} - of this entry, presumably an ``A'', but because they did not - give one, I left it out as well. -\item \cite{ex56} \\ \cite{ex56}\\ \fullciteA{ex56}\\ \citeA{ex56} -\item \cite{ex57} \\ \cite{ex57}\\ \fullciteA{ex57}\\ \citeA{ex57} -\item \cite{ex58} \\ \cite{ex58}\\ \fullciteA{ex58}\\ \citeA{ex58} -\item \cite{ex59} \\ \cite{ex59}\\ \fullciteA{ex59}\\ \citeA{ex59} -\item \cite{ex60} \\ \cite{ex60}\\ \fullciteA{ex60}\\ \citeA{ex60} -\item \cite{ex61} \\ \cite{ex61}\\ \fullciteA{ex61}\\ \citeA{ex61}\\ - \EM The description of the data goes into the - \fieldname{type} field. It may be more logical to put it - in the \fieldname{title} field, with some trickery to indicate - that it's a description and not a title, but putting it in the - \fieldname{type} field already ensures that it's formatted - correctly, so I think I'm gonna be lazy on this one. The same - applies more or less to reviews (G-1, 63, 64), although there - it is logical to put at least ``Review'' in the \fieldname{type} - field, so as we're already there, we might as well make it - complete. -\item \cite{ex62} \\ \cite{ex62}\\ \fullciteA{ex62}\\ \citeA{ex62} -\item[G-1] \cite{G-1} \\ \cite{G-1} \\ \fullciteA{G-1} \\ \citeA{G-1}\\ - \EM See my comments to example 61 above about the logic of the - \fieldname{type} field. For a review, the \fieldname{type} - field must contain the message that it is a review of a - \emph{book} (or motion picture, or whatever it is a review of) - and give the title of the reviewed work in italics, which must - be manually formatted, e.g., by using the \cmd{\APACcitebtitle} - macro. The author of the reviewed work should apparently not be - mentioned. -\item \cite{ex63} \\ \cite{ex63}\\ \fullciteA{ex63}\\ \citeA{ex63} -\item \cite{ex64} \\ \cite{ex64}\\ \fullciteA{ex64}\\ \citeA{ex64} -\item \EM The rules for movies, television series, etc.\ do not appeal - very much to me, although they are not nearly as bad as those - for music recordings (ex.~69 and further, see below). My - primary objection is that when referring to movies and TV series, - the title is the most important characteristic. The director - may be a good second in some cases, but producers and writers are - almost always unknown to the general public and not relevant - when referring to them. You talk about the movie \emph{Jaws} - and not about Spielberg (1975) or whoever wrote the script. - Recognizing the primary creative input or authorship may be - politically correct, but not particularly informative. - However, you may think that my objections are mainly - driven by the difficulties of trying to format the entries - in \BibTeX{}. Anyway, here are my attempts to implement - the APA rules.\\ - \cite{ex65-1} \\ \cite{ex65-1}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-1}\\ \citeA{ex65-1} \\ - \cite{ex65-2} \\ \cite{ex65-2}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-2}\\ \citeA{ex65-2} \\ - \EM Note that this and the following ``Available from'' must be between - parentheses (accomplished by putting it in the \fieldname{note} field), - whereas ``Available from'' some web site must not be between - parentheses, cf.\ ex.~95 (accomplished by putting it in the - \fieldname{howpublished} field). - - \EM Here I also used the \cmd{\bibliteral} construction again, which - was introduced in my discussion of 4.08 above. - Furthermore, I used the \cmd{\bibskipbracenodot} - macro, which suppresses the period after the closing - brace after ``(Producer)''.\\ - \cite{ex65-3} \\ \cite{ex65-3}\\ \fullciteA{ex65-3}\\ \citeA{ex65-3}\\ - \EM Here, I simply let ``(Producer)'' be part of the author name, - but because of this addendum, the entry is not sorted correctly - in the reference list: It should be before \citeA{APAManual}, - but because of the addendum, the authors are different to \BibTeX{} - and this one comes after \citeA{APAManual}. I don't see an easy - solution to this (presumably extremely rare) problem. Therefore, - in such a case, the \fname{.bbl} file should be edited manually. -\item \cite{ex66} \\ \cite{ex66}\\ \fullciteA{ex66}\\ \citeA{ex66} \\ - \EM Here, I used the same tricks as in example 65. -\item \cite{ex67} \\ \cite{ex67}\\ \fullciteA{ex67}\\ \citeA{ex67} \\ - \EM I used several tricks introduced before: the \cmd{\bibeditortype} - (cf.\ ex.~36) construction to be able to use ``(Producer)'' in - the editor position instead of ``(Ed.)'', and the ones used - in the previous examples. Because there is another Miller as well, - the initial is given here. To make sure that \BibTeX{} thinks - that there is only one initial, but the ``(Producer)'' is formatted - correctly, the name is defined as follows: -\begin{verbatim} - editor = {Miller, {\bibliteral{R\protect\bibeditortype{Producer}}}}, -\end{verbatim} - It is then formatted correctly both in the text and in the reference - list if \cmd{\bibeditortype} is defined to swallow its argument - in the text, and redefined prior to the bibliography. After the - bibliography (before the index), it has to be redefined again - to swallow its argument. However, it leads to two different entries - in the author index, so if you're requesting an author index, - you still have to edit the \fname{.bbl} file manually, as with - all such types of ``authors'' or ``editors''. -\item \cite{ex68} \\ \cite{ex68}\\ \fullciteA{ex68}\\ \citeA{ex68}\\ - \EM Again, I used several tricks that were also used in the previous - examples. -\item \EM The rules for music recordings do not make any sense, and they - are not entirely clear as well. It would seem to me that - most pop, rock, and other ``light'' music songs are almost always - attributed to the performing artist. You can usually read who the - composer and lyricist of the song are on the inlay-details - of the CD, but if you want the reader to refer to ``My Way'', - the reader will easier find it (in a CD store or on the - internet, for example) under ``Frank Sinatra'' than under - the composer's name (whoever that may be). Furthermore, the - year of release of the CD (or other medium) seems more relevant - in referring to the CD than the year of copyright of the - specific song, or the recording date. - - For classical music, things are different. Then, the writer (composer) - is usually more important than the performing artist, although - the percentage of people who know who wrote the lyrics for - Mozart's operas may not be high. Furthermore, it may be - time-consuming and not very relevant for most authors and - readers to find the year in which a certain piece was written, - although strictly speaking, we should use the ``date of copyright'', - which is not relevant for a lot of classical music. - - However, when referring to Beethoven's 9th symphony, say, it will - typically not be very informative to refer to a specific recording on a - specific CD, unless that specific recording is the subject of interest, - but then it would seem that the ``performing artist'' (conductor or - orchestra) should take the role of ``author''. For example, when - comparing a performance of this symphony conducted in 1975 by Masur with - a performance of this symphony conducted in 1990 by Bernstein (assuming - this exists), it does not seem logical to compare ``9th Symphony'' - (Beethoven, 1823a, tracks~1--4) with ``9th Symphony'' (Beethoven, 1823b, - tracks~1--4), but more logical to compare Masur (1975) with - Bernstein (1990). - - Finally, it seems a bit strange that the track number should be - mentioned in text, but not in the reference list. - - Again, you may think that my objections are mainly - driven by the difficulties of trying to format the entries - in \BibTeX{}. Nevertheless, here are my attempts to implement - the APA rules.\\ - \begin{tabular}{ll} - \verb+\citeAsong+: & \citeAsong{ex69-1} \\ - \verb+\citesong+: & \citesong{ex69-1} \\ - \verb+\citesongNP+: & \citesongNP{ex69-1}\\ - \verb+\citeAsong+: & \citeAsong{ex69-2} \\ - \verb+\citesong+: & \citesong{ex69-2} \\ - \verb+\citesongNP+: & \citesongNP{ex69-2} - \end{tabular}\\ - \EM I defined and used several macros, i.e., \verb+\citesong+ - and some variations. These cite a song as required by the APA - (except for the relative placement of closing quotes and comma). - For that, the \fieldname{key} field (and possibly \fieldname{firstkey}) - should contain the relevant information in the form of a protected - \verb+\bibsong+ command: -\begin{verbatim} - key = {{\protect\bibsong{author}{year}{song title}{track info}}}, -\end{verbatim} - Furthermore, I used some tricks to get the reference list - entry right. I used the \entryname{incollection} type as - a basis, with the CD title in the \fieldname{booktitle} field. - At first sight, it seems natural to define -\begin{verbatim} - type = {CD}, -\end{verbatim} - but with an \entryname{incollection}, the \fieldname{type} - field is put after the title, not after the book title. - I plan to change this for music-types (CD, record, etc.), - but this is currently not yet implemented. This means that the - ``[CD]'' description must be put in the \fieldname{booktitle} - field, after the CD title and with explicit formatting - commands: -\begin{verbatim} - booktitle = {Arkansas Traveler {\upshape[\uppercase{CD}]}}, -\end{verbatim} - On the other hand, we can now use the \fieldname{type} - field to put the recording artists in for the second example: -\begin{verbatim} - type = {Recorded by G. Bok, A. Mayo, \& E. Trickett}, -\end{verbatim} - We have to change the ``In'' string to ``On'' - (``In'' a book versus ``On'' a CD). This is done with a - macro similar to the \verb+\bibeditortype+ macro discussed - in example 36. In this case, the macro is \verb+\bibInstring+, - which has one argument. The macro changes the definition of - the macro \verb+\BIn+ to the argument and then immediately changes - the definition back to the old definition. So it makes a one-time - change. Of course, the \verb+\bibInstring+ macro only works - if it is executed \emph{before} the \verb+\BIn+ macro. The latter - macro comes before the \fieldname{booktitle}, so - \verb+\bibInstring+ must be added to a field that comes before - that. I put it in the \fieldname{title} field: -\begin{verbatim} - title = {Over the Waterfall{\bibInstring{\BOn}}}, -\end{verbatim} - where \verb+\BOn+ is defined by default as ``\BOn''. - Finally, the recording date of the second example (1990) must - be put in the \fieldname{note} field. - - Note that this is all trickery within the \LaTeX{} domain - and the \fname{.bib} file, i.e., the user-definable and - user-customizable area. -\item \cite{ex70} \\ \cite{ex70}\\ \fullciteA{ex70}\\ \citeA{ex70} -\item \cite{ex71-1} \\ \cite{ex71-1}\\ \fullciteA{ex71-1}\\ \citeA{ex71-1} \\ - \cite{ex71-2} \\ \cite{ex71-2}\\ \fullciteA{ex71-2}\\ \citeA{ex71-2} \\ - \EM Here and in almost all remaining examples, the - ``Retrieved \ldots'' message must be put in the - \fieldname{howpublished} field if it refers to an internet - address or aggregated database. See the discussion of 4.15 - above for the use of \verb+\url+ and \verb+\bibnodot{.}+. -\item \cite{ex72} \\ \cite{ex72}\\ \fullciteA{ex72}\\ \citeA{ex72} -\item \cite{ex73} \\ \cite{ex73}\\ \fullciteA{ex73}\\ \citeA{ex73} \\ - \EM Note that the APA manual breaks a line \emph{after} a - period instead of before. I take it that it's not very - detrimental to use slightly different line breaking through - the \pkg{url} package. Furthermore, the APA manual uses a - typeface in which `1' (one) and `l' (ell) are not distinguishable. - This requires some guessing of the correct url's. I think that this - conflicts with their own stress on accuracy w.r.t.\ url's. - - \EM Note the subtle use of braces to get \emph{Homo sapiens} - correctly formatted: The capital in \verb+\emph{Homo}+ - is retained by \BibTeX{}, whereas the capital in - \verb+{\emph{Sapiens}}+ is changed into a lower case letter - by \BibTeX{}, because of the extra pair of braces. -\item \cite{ex74} \\ \cite{ex74}\\ \fullciteA{ex74}\\ \citeA{ex74}\\ - \EM As mentioned in section~\ref{sec:compat-backref}, I had - to use some nasty code in the current document to have the - bibliography entry of this reference formatted correctly - when \pkg{backref} is loaded. -\item \cite{ex75} \\ \cite{ex75}\\ \fullciteA{ex75}\\ \citeA{ex75} -\item \cite{ex76} \\ \cite{ex76}\\ \fullciteA{ex76}\\ \citeA{ex76} -\item \cite{ex77} \\ \cite{ex77}\\ \fullciteA{ex77}\\ \citeA{ex77} -\item \cite{ex78} \\ \cite{ex78}\\ \fullciteA{ex78}\\ \citeA{ex78} -\item \cite{ex79} \\ \cite{ex79}\\ \fullciteA{ex79}\\ \citeA{ex79} -\item \cite{ex80} \\ \cite{ex80}\\ \fullciteA{ex80}\\ \citeA{ex80} -\item \cite{ex81} \\ \cite{ex81}\\ \fullciteA{ex81}\\ \citeA{ex81} -\item \cite{ex82} \\ \cite{ex82}\\ \fullciteA{ex82}\\ \citeA{ex82} -\item \cite{ex83} \\ \cite{ex83}\\ \fullciteA{ex83}\\ \citeA{ex83} \\ - \EM Here and in the next example, both ``Paper presented \ldots'' - and ``Retrieved \ldots'' must be put in a single - \fieldname{howpublished} field. -\item \cite{ex84} \\ \cite{ex84}\\ \fullciteA{ex84}\\ \citeA{ex84} -\item \cite{ex85} \\ \cite{ex85}\\ \fullciteA{ex85}\\ \citeA{ex85} \\ - \EM When referring to a message to a newsgroup, internet forum, etc., - use the \entryname{misc} type. Then define -\begin{verbatim} - type = {\bibmessage}, -\end{verbatim} - and use the \fieldname{number} field when relevant. Furthermore, - you should include a description like ``Message posted to ... '' - in the \fieldname{howpublished} field. Then the entry is formatted - correctly: If the message has a number, say 1, it reverts to - ``\verb+[\bibmessage\ 1]+'', i.e., ``[Msg\ 1]'' with the default - definition of \cmd{\bibmessage}. If there is no number, the - type identifier is omitted (because it must be mentioned in the - \fieldname{howpublished} field anyway). In both cases, - however, the title is formatted as an article title, i.e., not - italicized. -\item \cite{ex86} \\ \cite{ex86}\\ \fullciteA{ex86}\\ \citeA{ex86} -\item \cite{ex87} \\ \cite{ex87}\\ \fullciteA{ex87}\\ \citeA{ex87} -\item \cite{ex88} \\ \cite{ex88}\\ \fullciteA{ex88}\\ \citeA{ex88} -\item \cite{ex89} \\ \cite{ex89}\\ \fullciteA{ex89}\\ \citeA{ex89} -\item \cite{ex90} \\ \cite{ex90}\\ \fullciteA{ex90}\\ \citeA{ex90} \\ - \EM Here, ``de Ridder'' may well be a Dutch name. If the APA - manual is serious about its rule to format names as they - should according to the rule of the country of origin, - this name should then be formatted as ``De Ridder''. -\item \cite{ex91} \\ \cite{ex91}\\ \fullciteA{ex91}\\ \citeA{ex91} -\item \cite{ex92} \\ \cite{ex92}\\ \fullciteA{ex92}\\ \citeA{ex92} -\item \cite{ex93} \\ \cite{ex93}\\ \fullciteA{ex93}\\ \citeA{ex93}\\ - \EM Strangely enough, the APA apparently does not find it necessary - to give a retrieval date or more exact publication date for - downloaded software, whereas it does require a retrieval date - for downloaded papers. -\item \cite{ex94} \\ \cite{ex94}\\ \fullciteA{ex94}\\ \citeA{ex94}\\ - \EM The example in the APA manual does not list a date, not even - a ``n.d.''. Given the logic of the APA manual, this seems an error - to me, so I added a ``\verb+\bibnodate+'' in the \fieldname{year} - field, which becomes ``\bibnodate'' in the output. If it would - really be the rule to omit the year, then it is not clear when - a year must be omitted and when not, or replaced by ``n.d.''. - Furthermore, formatting in both the \fname{.sty} file and - the \fname{.bst} file would have to be adapted to anticipate - a missing year. Currently, I assume that there should always - be something that acts like a date (a year, an ``in press'', - or a ``n.d.''). - - \EM To get the version number correctly formatted, I added the - information and the correct formatting to the title field: - \verb+{\upshape(\uppercase{V}ersion~4)}+. A version is a kind - of edition, but it is more difficult to obtain the correct - formatting if the \fieldname{edition} field would be used, - because ``Version'' comes before the number and ``ed.'' after. -\item \cite{ex95} \\ \cite{ex95}\\ \fullciteA{ex95}\\ \citeA{ex95}\\ - \EM Note that here, unlike ex.~44 and ex.~91, - ``U.S.'' is omitted before ``Department of Health and Human - Services''. -\end{enumerate} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% -% Redefine commands that should be different in the bibliography. -\renewcommand{\bibreftext}[2]{#1}% -\renewcommand{\Dutchvon}[2]{#1}% -\renewbibeditortype -\def\bibskipbracenodot{\aftergroup\swallowdot} -% -% Dirty trick: request apacitex.bst if apacite is loaded with one of the -% index options, and request apacite.bst otherwise. -\makeatletter -\if@APAC@index - \bibliographystyle{apacitex}% with index option -\else - \bibliographystyle{apacite}% or without -\fi -\makeatother -% -% Solve the `#' problem of backref, see the backref section above. -% This hack provided by Heiko Oberdiek. -\ifbackrefloaded - \catcode`\#=12\relax -\fi -% -% Include the bibliography -\bibliography{apa5ex} -% -% Reset the above hack. -\ifbackrefloaded - \catcode`\#=6\relax -\fi -% -% Again redefine a command. -\renewcommand{\bibeditortype}[1]{}% -% -% Include the author index if the index option is on. -\printindex[autx] -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -\end{document} -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% EOF apacite.tex - diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 26d670ce0c1..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/apacite/manifest.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,68 +0,0 @@ -% \iffalse meta-comment -% -% This is file `manifest.txt'. -% -% Copyright 1994-2005 Erik Meijer and any individual authors listed -% elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved. -% -% This file is part of the `apacite' package. -% ------------------------------------------- -% -% It may be distributed and/or modified under the -% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3 -% of this license or (at your option) any later version. -% The latest version of this license is in -% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt -% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX -% version 2003/12/01 or later. -% -% The list of all files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a -% short description, is given in the file `manifest.txt'. -% -% \fi - -CONTENTS OF THE APACITE PACKAGE [2005/06/08] -============================================ - -apacite.sty -> The LaTeX citation package. This must - be placed in a directory where TeX can find it; - -apacite.bst -> The BibTeX reference list style. This must be placed - in a directory where BibTeX can find it; - -apacitex.bst -> The BibTeX reference list style with added author - index support. This must also be placed in a directory - where BibTeX can find it; - -apacite.tex -> Extensive user's manual and test of the apacite package; - -apacite.pdf -> The processed file apacite.tex, so you can read the manual - without having to install the package first; - -apa5ex.bib -> The file with bibliographic information about the - references in apacite.tex; - -manifest.txt -> The list of files belonging to the `apacite' package, with a - short description; - -README -> A brief description of the package; - - -Directory lang/ -=============== - -This subdirectory contains files that contain language-specific -modifications of apacite, mainly translations of terms like "and", "Ed.", -etc., and have been written by apacite users that are (native) speakers -of the languages involved. See the documentation for further details. -The following files are currently available (note that most of these -are also used for ``dialects'' in the sense of babel): - -dutch.apc -> dutch -english.apc -> english -german.apc -> german -greek.apc -> greek -ngerman.apc -> german (new orthography) -swedish.apc -> swedish - - |