diff options
author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2009-02-15 00:42:49 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2009-02-15 00:42:49 +0000 |
commit | 6ffb78835e54834c65b3bd1c35e3ad939b61c5d9 (patch) | |
tree | f0cdbd0dcb1ceb28f7473b1cbbe3c12da5cd9e64 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex | |
parent | 81a77270b7c03f59f2370af7c9b45d250e363fd2 (diff) |
pst-optic 1.00 (11feb09)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@12158 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex | 1966 |
1 files changed, 419 insertions, 1547 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex index 50cafec9a3c..bd0464c9835 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/pst-optic/pst-optic-examples.tex @@ -1,63 +1,28 @@ -\documentclass[12pt]{article} -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} -\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} -\usepackage{geometry} -\usepackage{graphicx} -\usepackage{subfigure} -\usepackage{pstricks} -\usepackage{pst-optic} -\usepackage{pst-text} -\usepackage{url} -\usepackage{amsmath} -\usepackage{tabularx} -\usepackage{lscape} -\usepackage{fancyhdr} -\pagestyle{fancy} -\lfoot{\small\ttfamily\jobname.tex} -\cfoot{} -\rfoot{} -\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt} -\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} -\usepackage{listings} -\lstset{language=TEX,basicstyle=\ttfamily\footnotesize,% - extendedchars=true,numbers=left,numberstyle=\tiny} -\usepackage{multicol} -\let\myPart\part -\renewcommand{\part}[1]{% - \clearpage\myPart{#1}% -} -\newcommand{\PS}{PostScript} -\newcommand\CMD[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash#1}} -\psset{subgriddiv=0,gridlabels=7pt,griddots=5} +%% $Id: pst-func-doc.tex 64 2008-12-08 22:14:27Z herbert $ +\documentclass[11pt,english,BCOR10mm,DIV13,bibliography=totoc,parskip=false,smallheadings + headexclude,footexclude,oneside]{pst-doc} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{pst-optic,pst-text} \usepackage{hyperref} - +\let\pstOpticFV\fileversion +\lstset{pos=t,wide=true,language=PSTricks,basicstyle=\footnotesize\ttfamily} +\let\belowcaptionskip\abovecaptionskip +% \begin{document} -\author{Manuel Luque\thanks{Mluque5130@aol.com} \and Herbert Voß\thanks{voss@perce.de}} + +\title{\texttt{pst-optic}} +\subtitle{Lenses and Mirrors -- examples; v.\pstOpticFV} + +\author{Manuel Luque \\Herbert Vo\ss} +\docauthor{Herbert Vo\ss} \date{\today} -\title{Lenses and Mirrors: PST-optic v0.9\\Examples} \maketitle - \tableofcontents \clearpage -\section*{Introduction} - -\verb|pstricks| writes pure PostScript\cite{PostScript} code, so it is not possible to run \TeX{} files with pdf\LaTeX{} when there are pstricks macros in the document. If you still need a PDF output use the package \verb|pdftricks.sty|\cite{pdftricks} or the for Linux free available program \verb|vlatex| (\url{http://www.micropress-inc.com/linux/}) or build the PDF with \verb|ps2pdf| (\verb|dvi|$\rightarrow$\verb|ps|$\rightarrow$\verb|pdf|). -\par -If you need package \verb|graphicx.sty| load it before any \verb|pstricks| package. You do not need to load \verb|pstricks.sty|, it will be done by \verb|pst-optic| by default. -\par -For more informations have a look into the documentations. - -\par -\vspace{\fill} -This PDF file was created with the \textbf{vlatex} program from the free available \textit{VTeX/Lnx v7.530 - the VTeX distribution for Linux (x86)}. - - \part{Lenses} - - \section{A simple colored System} \begin{itemize} @@ -67,546 +32,204 @@ This PDF file was created with the \textbf{vlatex} program from the free availab \item $\mathrm{\overline{XO} = 2\ cm}$ \end{itemize} -\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{% +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-8.5,-3)(8.5,3) \rput(0,0){\lens[focus=3.333,OA=-10,AB=2,XO=2,xLeft=-8.5,xRight=8.5,rayColor=red]} -\pnode(!XO 2.5){L1}%extrémité supérieure de la lentille -\pnode(!XO -2.5){L2}%extrémité inférieure de la lentille -\psOutLine[length=2](L1)(B'){END} -\psBeforeLine[length=2](B')(L2){START} +\pnode(!XO 2.5){L1} \pnode(!XO -2.5){L2} +\psOutLine[length=2](L1)(B'){END} \psBeforeLine[length=2](B')(L2){START} \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(L1)(END)(START)(L2) -% pour bien distinguer le tracé des rayons. - \rput(0,0){% - \lens[% - focus=3.333,% - OA=-10,AB=2,% - XO=2,% - xLeft=-8.5,xRight=8.5,% - rayColor=red,arrowsize=0.2]} -\end{pspicture}} - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-8.5,-3)(8.5,3) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[focus=3.333,% - OA=-10,AB=2,XO=2,% - xLeft=-8.5,xRight=8.5,% - rayColor=red]% -} -\pnode(!XO 2.5){L1}%extrémité supérieure de la lentille -\pnode(!XO -2.5){L2}%extrémité inférieure de la lentille -\psOutLine[length=2](L1)(B'){END} -\psBeforeLine[length=2](B')(L2){START} -\pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(L1)(END)(START)(L2) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[% - focus=3.333,% - OA=-10,AB=2,% - XO=2,% - xLeft=-8.5,xRight=8.5,% - rayColor=red,arrowsize=0.2]% -} +\rput(0,0){\lens[focus=3.333,OA=-10,AB=2,XO=2,xLeft=-8.5,xRight=8.5,rayColor=red,arrowsize=0.2]} \end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLcs{psBeforeLine} +\clearpage \section{A Magnifier} -\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{% -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-5)(8,3) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[% - lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,% - focus=4,AB=0.5,OA=-2.8,XO=2,drawing=false]% - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt](xLeft)(xRight)} -\pnode(!XO 2.5){L1}% extrmitsuprieuredelalentille -\pnode(!XO -2.5){L2}% extrmitinfrieuredelalentille -\psOutLine[length=5.5,linestyle=none](B')(L1){END1} -\psBeforeLine[length=6,linestyle=none](L2)(B'){START} -\pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(L1)(END1)(START)(L2) -\psline[linewidth=1.5\pslinewidth,arrowinset=0]{->}(A)(B) -\uput[270](A){A} -\uput[90](B){B} -\psline[linewidth=1.5\pslinewidth,arrowinset=0,% - linestyle=dashed]{->}(A')(B') -\uput[270](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} -\uput[90](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} -\psset{linecolor=red,arrowsize=0.2} -\pcline[nodesepB=-4](B)(O)% Mittelpunktstrahl -\psline[linecolor=red,linestyle=dashed](B)(B')% ruckwaertige Verlaengerung -\Arrows(B)(O)% Mittelpunktstrahl -\psOutLine[length=2,arrows=->](B)(O){END6}% Mittelpunktstrahl -\psline(B)(I)(F') -\psOutLine(I)(F'){END2} -\Arrows(I)(F') -\Arrows(B)(I) -\psOutLine[length=1,linestyle=dashed](I')(B'){END3} -\psline[linestyle=dashed](B)(F) -\psline(B)(I') -\Arrows[arrows=->>](B)(I') -\psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(I') -\psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(I) -\psOutLine[length=2,arrows=->>](B')(I'){END4} -\psOutLine[length=4](B')(I'){END5} -\rput(8,0){\psset{linecolor=black}\eye} -\end{pspicture} -} - -\begin{lstlisting} +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-8,-5)(8,3) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[% - lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,% - focus=4,AB=0.5,OA=-2.8,XO=2,drawing=false]% +\rput(0,0){\lens[lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,focus=4,AB=0.5,OA=-2.8,XO=2,drawing=false] \psline[linewidth=0.5pt](xLeft)(xRight)} -\pnode(!XO 2.5){L1}% extrmitsuprieuredelalentille -\pnode(!XO -2.5){L2}% extrmitinfrieuredelalentille +\pnode(!XO 2.5){L1} \pnode(!XO -2.5){L2} \psOutLine[length=5.5,linestyle=none](B')(L1){END1} \psBeforeLine[length=6,linestyle=none](L2)(B'){START} \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(L1)(END1)(START)(L2) \psline[linewidth=1.5\pslinewidth,arrowinset=0]{->}(A)(B) -\uput[270](A){A} -\uput[90](B){B} -\psline[linewidth=1.5\pslinewidth,arrowinset=0,% - linestyle=dashed]{->}(A')(B') -\uput[270](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} -\uput[90](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} +\uput[270](A){A} \uput[90](B){B} +\psline[linewidth=1.5\pslinewidth,arrowinset=0,linestyle=dashed]{->}(A')(B') +\uput[270](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} \uput[90](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} \psset{linecolor=red,arrowsize=0.2} \pcline[nodesepB=-4](B)(O)% Mittelpunktstrahl \psline[linecolor=red,linestyle=dashed](B)(B')% ruckwaertige Verlaengerung \Arrows(B)(O)% Mittelpunktstrahl \psOutLine[length=2,arrows=->](B)(O){END6}% Mittelpunktstrahl -\psline(B)(I)(F') -\psOutLine(I)(F'){END2} -\Arrows(I)(F') -\Arrows(B)(I) +\psline(B)(I)(F')\psOutLine(I)(F'){END2}\Arrows(I)(F')\Arrows(B)(I) \psOutLine[length=1,linestyle=dashed](I')(B'){END3} -\psline[linestyle=dashed](B)(F) -\psline(B)(I') -\Arrows[arrows=->>](B)(I') -\psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(I') -\psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(I) -\psOutLine[length=2,arrows=->>](B')(I'){END4} -\psOutLine[length=4](B')(I'){END5} +\psline[linestyle=dashed](B)(F)\psline(B)(I')\Arrows[arrows=->>](B)(I') +\psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(I')\psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(I) +\psOutLine[length=2,arrows=->>](B')(I'){END4}\psOutLine[length=4](B')(I'){END5} \rput(8,0){\psset{linecolor=black}\eye} \end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLcs{psBeforeLine}\xLcs{eye}\xLcs{lens}\xLcs{Arrows} +\clearpage \section{Two Lenses} -This is a simple system with two lenses, where the \verb|\lens| macro is used only once. The second lense (the left one) is drawn by the \verb|\psline| macro. +This is a simple system with two lenses, where the \Lcs{lens} macro is used only once. +The second lense (the left one) is drawn by the \Lcs{psline} macro. -\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{% +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-8,-5)(8,3) - \rput(0,0){% - \lens[% - lensScale=0.6,drawing=false,% - focus=1.5,OA=-1,XO=5,nameF={},nameFi={},AB=-1]% - \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight) - } -%image intermédiaire A1B1 au foyer F'1 - \psline{->}(4,0)(4,-1) -%lentille 2 +\rput(0,0){\lens[lensScale=0.6,drawing=false,focus=1.5,OA=-1,XO=5,nameF={},nameFi={},AB=-1] + \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight)} %image intermediaire A1B1 au foyer F'1 +\psline{->}(4,0)(4,-1) %lentille 2 % \psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth,linecolor=blue]{<->}(5,1.5)(5,-1.5) %On place les points essentiels - \pnode(-6,0){O1} - \pnode(-6,2.5){E1L1}%extrémité sup de L1 - \pnode(-6,-2.5){E2L1}%extrémité inf de L1 - \pnode(4,0){A1} - \pnode(4,-1){B1} -%intersection de O1 avec la lentille L2 - \rayInterLens(O1)(B1){5}{Inter1L2} -%rayon venant de l'infini jusqu'à la lentille L2 - \pcline[nodesepB=-2](Inter1L2)(O1) -%rayon parallèle au précédent et passant par E1L1 - \Parallel(B1)(O1)(E1L1){B1infty} -%rayon parallèle au précédent et passant par E2L2 - \Parallel(B1)(O1)(E2L1){B2infty} +\pnode(-6,0){O1} \pnode(-6,2.5){E1L1} \pnode(-6,-2.5){E2L1} +\pnode(4,0){A1} \pnode(4,-1){B1} +\rayInterLens(O1)(B1){5}{Inter1L2}%intersection de O1 avec la lentille L2 +\pcline[nodesepB=-2](Inter1L2)(O1)%rayon venant de l'infini jusqu'e la lentille L2 +\Parallel(B1)(O1)(E1L1){B1infty}%rayon parallele au precedent et passant par E1L1 +\Parallel(B1)(O1)(E2L1){B2infty}%rayon passant par E2L2 %intersection de la droite passant par E1L1 et B1 avec la lentille L2 - \rayInterLens(E1L1)(B1){5}{InterE1B1L2} - \psline(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2) +\rayInterLens(E1L1)(B1){5}{InterE1B1L2}\psline(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2) %intersection de la droite passant par E2L2 et B1 avec la lentille L2 - \rayInterLens(E2L1)(B1){5}{InterE2B1L2} - \psline(E2L1)(InterE2B1L2) - \psline[linestyle=dashed]{->}(A')(B') - \psline[linestyle=dashed](InterE1B1L2)(B') - \psline[linestyle=dashed](InterE2B1L2)(B') - \psline[linestyle=dotted](B')(O) - \psOutLine[length=3](B')(InterE1B1L2){END} - \psBeforeLine[length=3](InterE2B1L2)(B'){START} - \pspolygon[% - style=rayuresJaunes,% - linestyle=none]% - (B1infty)(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2)% - (END)(START)(InterE2B1L2)% - (E2L1)(B2infty) - \uput[90](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} - \uput[270](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} - \uput[90](A1){$\mathrm{A_1}$} - \uput[270](B1){$\mathrm{B_1}$} - \uput[225](O1){O1} - \uput[45](O){O2} - \uput[90](F){$\mathrm{F_2}$} - \uput{0.4}[150](F'){$\mathrm{F'_2}$} - \uput{0.6}[90](A1){$\mathrm{F'_1}$} - \psline[linecolor=red](B1infty)(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2)(END) - \psline[linecolor=red](B2infty)(E2L1)(InterE2B1L2)(START) - \rput(8,0){\eye} -%lentille 1 - \psline[% - linewidth=2\pslinewidth,% - linecolor=blue,% - arrowsize=0.2,arrowinset=0.5]{<->}(-6,-2.5)(-6,2.5) -\end{pspicture}% -} - - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-3)(8,3) -%on place l'oculaire dès le début - \rput(0,0){% - \lens[% - lensScale=0.6,drawing=false,% - focus=1.5,OA=-1,XO=5,nameF={},nameFi={},AB=-1]% - \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight) - } -%image intermédiaire A1B1 au foyer F'1 - \psline{->}(4,0)(4,-1) -%lentille 2 -% \psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth,linecolor=blue]{<->}(5,1.5)(5,-1.5) -%On place les points essentiels - \pnode(-6,0){O1} - \pnode(-6,2.5){E1L1}%extrémité sup de L1 - \pnode(-6,-2.5){E2L1}%extrémité inf de L1 - \pnode(4,0){A1} - \pnode(4,-1){B1} -%intersection de O1 avec la lentille L2 - \rayInterLens(O1)(B1){5}{Inter1L2} -%rayon venant de l'infini jusqu'à la lentille L2 - \pcline[nodesepB=-2](Inter1L2)(O1) -%rayon parallèle au précédent et passant par E1L1 - \Parallel(B1)(O1)(E1L1){B1infty} -%rayon parallèle au précédent et passant par E2L2 - \Parallel(B1)(O1)(E2L1){B2infty} -%intersection de la droite passant par E1L1 et B1 avec la lentille L2 - \rayInterLens(E1L1)(B1){5}{InterE1B1L2} - \psline(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2) -%intersection de la droite passant par E2L2 et B1 avec la lentille L2 - \rayInterLens(E2L1)(B1){5}{InterE2B1L2} - \psline(E2L1)(InterE2B1L2) - \psline[linestyle=dashed]{->}(A')(B') - \psline[linestyle=dashed](InterE1B1L2)(B') - \psline[linestyle=dashed](InterE2B1L2)(B') - \psline[linestyle=dotted](B')(O) - \psOutLine[length=3](B')(InterE1B1L2){END} - \psBeforeLine[length=3](InterE2B1L2)(B'){START} - \pspolygon[% - style=rayuresJaunes,% - linestyle=none]% - (B1infty)(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2)% - (END)(START)(InterE2B1L2)% - (E2L1)(B2infty) - \uput[90](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} - \uput[270](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} - \uput[90](A1){$\mathrm{A_1}$} - \uput[270](B1){$\mathrm{B_1}$} - \uput[225](O1){O1} - \uput[45](O){O2} - \uput[90](F){$\mathrm{F_2}$} - \uput{0.4}[150](F'){$\mathrm{F'_2}$} - \uput{0.6}[90](A1){$\mathrm{F'_1}$} - \psline[linecolor=red](B1infty)(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2)(END) - \psline[linecolor=red](B2infty)(E2L1)(InterE2B1L2)(START) - \rput(8,0){\eye} -%lentille 1 - \psline[% - linewidth=2\pslinewidth,% - linecolor=blue,% - arrowsize=0.2,arrowinset=0.5]{<->}(-6,-2.5)(-6,2.5) -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - - +\rayInterLens(E2L1)(B1){5}{InterE2B1L2} +\psline(E2L1)(InterE2B1L2) +\psline[linestyle=dashed]{->}(A')(B')\psline[linestyle=dashed](InterE1B1L2)(B') +\psline[linestyle=dashed](InterE2B1L2)(B')\psline[linestyle=dotted](B')(O) +\psOutLine[length=3](B')(InterE1B1L2){END}\psBeforeLine[length=3](InterE2B1L2)(B'){START} +\pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B1infty)(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2)% + (END)(START)(InterE2B1L2)(E2L1)(B2infty) +\uput[90](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$}\uput[270](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} +\uput[90](A1){$\mathrm{A_1}$}\uput[270](B1){$\mathrm{B_1}$} +\uput[225](O1){O1}\uput[45](O){O2}\uput[90](F){$\mathrm{F_2}$} +\uput{0.4}[150](F'){$\mathrm{F'_2}$}\uput{0.6}[90](A1){$\mathrm{F'_1}$} +\psline[linecolor=red](B1infty)(E1L1)(InterE1B1L2)(END) +\psline[linecolor=red](B2infty)(E2L1)(InterE2B1L2)(START) +\rput(8,0){\eye} +\psline[linewidth=2\pslinewidth,linecolor=blue,arrowsize=0.2,arrowinset=0.5]{<->}(-6,-2.5)(-6,2.5) +\end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLcs{psBeforeLine}\xLcs{eye}\xLcs{lens}\xLcs{Arrows}\xLcs{rayInterLens} +\clearpage \section{Real Image} -\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{ -\begin{pspicture}*(-7.5,-3)(7.5,3) - \rput(0,0){% - \lens[lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.5,lensType=DVG,% - XO=0,AB=2,OA=-4,focus=-6,spotAi=270,spotBi=90]% - \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight) - } - \psline[linecolor=red,linestyle=dashed](I')(F)% Verlaengerung des Brennstrahls - \psOutLine[length=7](B')(I){END} -%pour prolonger au-delà de B' permet de définir END - \psBeforeLine[length=7](I')(B'){START}% permet de définir START - \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(I)(END)(START)(I') - \psline(B)(I)(END) - \psline(B)(I')(START) -\end{pspicture}% -} - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}*(-7.5,-3)(7.5,3) - \rput(0,0){% - \lens[lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.5,lensType=DVG,% - XO=0,AB=2,OA=-4,focus=-6,spotAi=270,spotBi=90]% - \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight) - } - \psline[linecolor=red,linestyle=dashed](I')(F)% Verlaengerung des Brennstrahls - \psOutLine[length=7](B')(I){END} -%pour prolonger au-delà de B' permet de définir END - \psBeforeLine[length=7](I')(B'){START}% permet de définir START - \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(I)(END)(START)(I') - \psline(B)(I)(END) - \psline(B)(I')(START) -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - - -\section{Virtual Image} - -\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{% -\begin{pspicture*}(-7.5,-6.5)(7.5,7.5) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[lensType=DVG,lensWidth=0.75, - lensHeight=7,focus=-2,OA=-6,AB=4,XO=-1,lensGlass=true,% - rayColor=red,yBottom=-5,yTop=5,drawing=false]% +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}(-7.5,-3)(7.5,3) +\rput(0,0){\lens[lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.5,lensType=DVG,XO=0,AB=2,OA=-4,focus=-6,spotAi=270,spotBi=90]% \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight)} -\pnode(!XO 2.9){L1}% extrmitdelalentillesup -\pnode(!XO -2.5){L2}% extrmitdelalentilleinf -{% - \psset{length=4,linestyle=none} - \psOutLine(B')(L1){A1} - \psOutLine(B')(L2){A2} - \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(L1)(A1)(A2)(L2) - \psset{linecolor=red,linestyle=solid} - \psline(B)(L1)(A1) - \psline(B)(L2)(A2)% - \psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(L1) - \psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(L2)% -} -\psline[linestyle=dashed]{->}(A)(B) -\psline{->}(A')(B') -\uput[90](B){B} -\uput[90](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} -\uput[270](A){A} -\uput[270](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} +\psline[linecolor=red,linestyle=dashed](I')(F)% Verlaengerung des Brennstrahls +\psOutLine[length=7](B')(I){END}\psBeforeLine[length=7](I')(B'){START}% permet de definir START +\pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(I)(END)(START)(I') +\psline(B)(I)(END) \psline(B)(I')(START) \end{pspicture*} -} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLcs{psBeforeLine}\xLcs{lens} + +\clearpage +\section{Virtual Image} -\begin{lstlisting} +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture*}(-7.5,-6.5)(7.5,7.5) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[lensType=DVG,lensWidth=0.75, - lensHeight=7,focus=-2,OA=-6,AB=4,XO=-1,lensGlass=true,% - rayColor=red,yBottom=-5,yTop=5,drawing=false]% +\rput(0,0){\lens[lensType=DVG,lensWidth=0.75,lensHeight=7,focus=-2,OA=-6,AB=4,XO=-1,lensGlass=true, + rayColor=red,yBottom=-5,yTop=5,drawing=false] \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight)} -\pnode(!XO 2.9){L1}% extrmitdelalentillesup -\pnode(!XO -2.5){L2}% extrmitdelalentilleinf -{% - \psset{length=4,linestyle=none} - \psOutLine(B')(L1){A1} - \psOutLine(B')(L2){A2} +\pnode(!XO 2.9){L1} \pnode(!XO -2.5){L2} +{ \psset{length=4,linestyle=none} + \psOutLine(B')(L1){A1} \psOutLine(B')(L2){A2} \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B)(L1)(A1)(A2)(L2) \psset{linecolor=red,linestyle=solid} - \psline(B)(L1)(A1) - \psline(B)(L2)(A2)% - \psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(L1) - \psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(L2)% -} -\psline[linestyle=dashed]{->}(A)(B) -\psline{->}(A')(B') -\uput[90](B){B} -\uput[90](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$} -\uput[270](A){A} -\uput[270](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} + \psline(B)(L1)(A1) \psline(B)(L2)(A2) \psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(L1) + \psline[linestyle=dashed](B')(L2) } +\psline[linestyle=dashed]{->}(A)(B) \psline{->}(A')(B') +\uput[90](B){B}\uput[90](B'){$\mathrm{B'}$}\uput[270](A){A}\uput[270](A'){$\mathrm{A'}$} \end{pspicture*} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLcs{psBeforeLine}\xLcs{lens} +\clearpage \section{A Microscope} -\resizebox{\textwidth}{!}{ +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-7.5,-5.5)(7.5,3) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[focus=1.5,OA=-2,AB=0.5,XO=-5,lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,drawing=false,lensScale=0.4,% - nameF=F_1,nameFi=F'_1]% - \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight) - } -\pnode(! XO 1){UPlens1} -\pnode(! XO -1){DOWNlens1} -\Transform -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[focus=2,XO=3,lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,drawing=false,% - nameF=F_2,nameFi=F'_2,spotF=90,spotFi=90]% - } -\psline{->}(A1)(B1) -\psline{->}(A'1)(B'1) -\uput[270](A1){A} -\uput[90](B1){B} -\uput[270](B'1){$\mathrm{B_1}$} -\uput{0.7}[90](A'1){$\mathrm{A_1}$} -{\psset{linecolor=red} -\rayInterLens(I11)(B'1){3}{Inter1L2} -\rayInterLens(B1)(O1){3}{Inter2L2} -\rayInterLens(UPlens1)(B'1){3}{Inter3L2} -\rayInterLens(DOWNlens1)(B'1){3}{Inter4L2} -\psline(B1)(I11)(B'1)(Inter1L2) -\psline(B1)(Inter2L2) -\psline(B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2) -\psline(B1)(DOWNlens1)(Inter4L2) -\psset{length=5} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter3L2){B1inftyRigth} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter4L2){B2inftyRigth} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter2L2){B3inftyRigth} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter1L2){B3inftyRigth} -{\psset{length=-5,linestyle=dashed} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter3L2){B1inftyLeft} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter4L2){B2inftyLeft} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter2L2){B3inftyLeft} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter1L2){B3inftyLeft} -\pcline[nodesep=6](B'1)(O)} -\pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2)% - (B1inftyRigth)(B2inftyRigth)(Inter4L2)(DOWNlens1) - \psline(B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2)(B1inftyRigth) - \psline(B2inftyRigth)(Inter4L2)(DOWNlens1)(B1)} - \rput(7,0){\eye} -\end{pspicture}% -} - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-7.5,-5.5)(7.5,3) -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[focus=1.5,OA=-2,AB=0.5,XO=-5,lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,drawing=false,lensScale=0.4,% - nameF=F_1,nameFi=F'_1]% - \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight) -} -\pnode(! XO 1){UPlens1} -\pnode(! XO -1){DOWNlens1} +\rput(0,0){\lens[focus=1.5,OA=-2,AB=0.5,XO=-5,lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4, + yBottom=-4,yTop=4,drawing=false,lensScale=0.4,nameF=F_1,nameFi=F'_1] + \psline[linewidth=1pt](xLeft)(xRight)} +\pnode(! XO 1){UPlens1} \pnode(! XO -1){DOWNlens1} \Transform -\rput(0,0){% - \lens[focus=2,XO=3,lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,drawing=false,% - nameF=F_2,nameFi=F'_2,spotF=90,spotFi=90]% -} -\psline{->}(A1)(B1) -\psline{->}(A'1)(B'1) -\uput[270](A1){A} -\uput[90](B1){B} -\uput[270](B'1){$\mathrm{B_1}$} -\uput{0.7}[90](A'1){$\mathrm{A_1}$} +\rput(0,0){\lens[focus=2,XO=3,lensGlass=true,lensWidth=0.4,yBottom=-4,yTop=4,drawing=false, + nameF=F_2,nameFi=F'_2,spotF=90,spotFi=90]} +\psline{->}(A1)(B1)\psline{->}(A'1)(B'1)\uput[270](A1){A}\uput[90](B1){B} +\uput[270](B'1){$\mathrm{B_1}$}\uput{0.7}[90](A'1){$\mathrm{A_1}$} {\psset{linecolor=red} -\rayInterLens(I11)(B'1){3}{Inter1L2} -\rayInterLens(B1)(O1){3}{Inter2L2} -\rayInterLens(UPlens1)(B'1){3}{Inter3L2} -\rayInterLens(DOWNlens1)(B'1){3}{Inter4L2} -\psline(B1)(I11)(B'1)(Inter1L2) -\psline(B1)(Inter2L2) -\psline(B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2) -\psline(B1)(DOWNlens1)(Inter4L2) -\psset{length=5} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter3L2){B1inftyRigth} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter4L2){B2inftyRigth} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter2L2){B3inftyRigth} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter1L2){B3inftyRigth} -{\psset{length=-5,linestyle=dashed} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter3L2){B1inftyLeft} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter4L2){B2inftyLeft} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter2L2){B3inftyLeft} -\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter1L2){B3inftyLeft} -\pcline[nodesep=6](B'1)(O)} -\pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none]% - (B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2)% - (B1inftyRigth)(B2inftyRigth)(Inter4L2)(DOWNlens1) -\psline(B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2)(B1inftyRigth) -\psline(B2inftyRigth)(Inter4L2)(DOWNlens1)(B1)} + \rayInterLens(I11)(B'1){3}{Inter1L2}\rayInterLens(B1)(O1){3}{Inter2L2} + \rayInterLens(UPlens1)(B'1){3}{Inter3L2}\rayInterLens(DOWNlens1)(B'1){3}{Inter4L2} + \psline(B1)(I11)(B'1)(Inter1L2)\psline(B1)(Inter2L2)\psline(B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2) + \psline(B1)(DOWNlens1)(Inter4L2) + \psset{length=5} + \Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter3L2){B1inftyRigth}\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter4L2){B2inftyRigth} + \Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter2L2){B3inftyRigth}\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter1L2){B3inftyRigth} + {\psset{length=-5,linestyle=dashed} + \Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter3L2){B1inftyLeft}\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter4L2){B2inftyLeft} + \Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter2L2){B3inftyLeft}\Parallel(B'1)(O)(Inter1L2){B3inftyLeft} + \pcline[nodesep=6](B'1)(O)} + \pspolygon[style=rayuresJaunes,linestyle=none](B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2)% + (B1inftyRigth)(B2inftyRigth)(Inter4L2)(DOWNlens1) + \psline(B1)(UPlens1)(Inter3L2)(B1inftyRigth)\psline(B2inftyRigth)(Inter4L2)(DOWNlens1)(B1)} \rput(7,0){\eye} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{pspicture}% +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLcs{psBeforeLine}\xLcs{lens}\xLcs{rayInterLens}\xLcs{Parallel} \clearpage \section{Telescope} -\begin{center} +\begin{LTXexample}[wide=false] \telescope[mirrorFocus=10,posMirrorTwo=8,yBottom=-8] -\end{center} +\end{LTXexample} -\begin{lstlisting} -\telescope[mirrorFocus=10,posMirrorTwo=8,yBottom=-8] -\end{lstlisting} - - -\begin{center} -\telescope[mirrorFocus=6,posMirrorTwo=5,yBottom=-5] -\end{center} - -\begin{lstlisting} +\xLcs{telescope} +\begin{LTXexample}[wide=false] \telescope[mirrorFocus=6,posMirrorTwo=5,yBottom=-5] -\end{lstlisting} - +\end{LTXexample} +\clearpage \section{Lightspeed measured by Foucault} 1849 Foucault (1819-1868) determines with the following configuration the speed of the light. -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-5)(7,6) - \rput(0,0){\lens[lensWidth=1,lensGlass=true,% - lensHeight=6,focus=4,drawing=false,AB=2.5]} - {% - \psset{linewidth=0.5pt,linestyle=dashed,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=|<->|} - \psline(-8,0)(4,0) - \pcline(-7.75,-3)(0,-3) - \lput*{:U}{2f} - \pcline(0,-3)(4,-3) - \lput*{:U}{f} - \pcline(7,0)(7,4) - \lput*{:U}{f} - \pcline(4,5)(5,5) - \lput*{:U}{s} - \pcline(5.25,2.3)(5.25,2.8) - \lput*{:U}{s} - } - \uput[90](0,3){\Large L} - \uput[45](-7.7,3){\Large B} - \uput[45](-7.7,-2){\Large E} - \uput[270](3,-0.5){\Large D} - \uput[-45](4,0){\Large A=F} - \uput[270](3,2){\Large S} - \uput[90](4,4){\Large Sp} - \uput[90](3.5,3.25){\Large B'} - \uput[0](6.3,2.25){\Large B''} - \uput[-90](6,1.1){\Large M} - \psarc[linewidth=0.5pt](-7.75,2.5){0.5}{-90}{0}\qdisk(-7.55,2.3){1pt} - \rput{210}(F'){\mirrorTwo} - {% - \psset{fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=lightgray} - \rput{210}(4,2.5){\psframe(-1,0)(1,0.2)} - \psframe(-8,-3)(-7.75,3) - \psframe(3,4)(3.8,4.2)\psframe(4.2,4)(5,4.2)% - }{% - \psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red,arrows=->,% - arrowsize=5pt} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](F')(4,2.5){2} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](4,2.3)(6,2.3){1} - \qdisk(6,2.3){2pt} - \psline[linestyle=dashed,arrows=-](F')(5.1,4) - \psline[linestyle=dashed,arrows=-](5,2.8)(6,2.8) - \arrowLine(4,4)(F'){3} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](I)(F'){2} - \arrowLine(F')(I){2} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.3](-7.75,2.5)(I){3} - \arrowLine(I)(-7.75,2.5){3} - } - \psframe(5.5,1.1)(6.5,3.5) - \multido{\r=1.3+0.2}{12}{% - \psline(6.1,\r)(6.5,\r)% - } -\end{pspicture} + + +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}(-8,-3.2)(7,4.5) +\rput(0,0){\lens[lensWidth=1,lensGlass=true,lensHeight=6,focus=4,drawing=false,AB=2.5]} +{\psset{linewidth=0.5pt,linestyle=dashed,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=|<->|} + \psline(-8,0)(4,0)\pcline(-7.75,-3)(0,-3)\lput*{:U}{2f} + \pcline(0,-3)(4,-3)\lput*{:U}{f}\pcline(7,0)(7,4)\lput*{:U}{f} + \pcline(4,5)(5,5)\lput*{:U}{s}\pcline(5.25,2.3)(5.25,2.8)\lput*{:U}{s} } +\uput[90](0,3){\Large L}\uput[45](-7.7,3){\Large B}\uput[45](-7.7,-2){\Large E} +\uput[270](3,-0.5){\Large D}\uput[-45](4,0){\Large A=F}\uput[270](3,2){\Large S} +\uput[90](4,4){\Large Sp}\uput[90](3.5,3.25){\Large B'}\uput[0](6.3,2.25){\Large B''} +\uput[-90](6,1.1){\Large M}\psarc[linewidth=0.5pt](-7.75,2.5){0.5}{-90}{0}\qdisk(-7.55,2.3){1pt} +\rput{210}(F'){\mirrorTwo} +{\psset{fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=lightgray} + \rput{210}(4,2.5){\psframe(-1,0)(1,0.2)}\psframe(-8,-3)(-7.75,3) + \psframe(3,4)(3.8,4.2)\psframe(4.2,4)(5,4.2) } +{\psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red,arrows=->,arrowsize=5pt} + \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](F')(4,2.5){2} + \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](4,2.3)(6,2.3){1} + \qdisk(6,2.3){2pt} + \psline[linestyle=dashed,arrows=-](F')(5.1,4)\psline[linestyle=dashed,arrows=-](5,2.8)(6,2.8) + \arrowLine(4,4)(F'){3}\arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](I)(F'){2} + \arrowLine(F')(I){2}\arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.3](-7.75,2.5)(I){3} + \arrowLine(I)(-7.75,2.5){3} } +\psframe(5.5,1.1)(6.5,3.5) +\multido{\r=1.3+0.2}{12}{\psline(6.1,\r)(6.5,\r)} +\end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} Sp chink; \\ D rotating mirror;\\ @@ -615,631 +238,210 @@ E end mirror;\\ S half diaphanous mirror;\\ M scale -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-5)(7,6) - \rput(0,0){\lens[lensWidth=1,lensGlass=true,% - lensHeight=6,focus=4,drawing=false,AB=2.5]} - {% - \psset{linewidth=0.5pt,linestyle=dashed,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=|<->|} - \psline(-8,0)(4,0) - \pcline(-7.75,-3)(0,-3) - \lput*{:U}{2f} - \pcline(0,-3)(4,-3) - \lput*{:U}{f} - \pcline(7,0)(7,4) - \lput*{:U}{f} - \pcline(4,5)(5,5) - \lput*{:U}{s} - \pcline(5.25,2.3)(5.25,2.8) - \lput*{:U}{s} - } - \uput[90](0,3){\Large L} - \uput[45](-7.7,3){\Large B} - \uput[45](-7.7,-2){\Large E} - \uput[270](3,-0.5){\Large D} - \uput[-45](4,0){\Large A=F} - \uput[270](3,2){\Large S} - \uput[90](4,4){\Large Sp} - \uput[90](3.5,3.25){\Large B'} - \uput[0](6.3,2.25){\Large B''} - \uput[-90](6,1.1){\Large M} - \psarc[linewidth=0.5pt](-7.75,2.5){0.5}{-90}{0}\qdisk(-7.55,2.3){1pt} - \rput{210}(F'){\mirrorTwo} - {% - \psset{fillstyle=solid,fillcolor=lightgray} - \rput{210}(4,2.5){\psframe(-1,0)(1,0.2)} - \psframe(-8,-3)(-7.75,3) - \psframe(3,4)(3.8,4.2)\psframe(4.2,4)(5,4.2)% - }{% - \psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red,arrows=->,% - arrowsize=5pt} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](F')(4,2.5){2} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](4,2.3)(6,2.3){1} - \qdisk(6,2.3){2pt} - \psline[linestyle=dashed,arrows=-](F')(5.1,4) - \psline[linestyle=dashed,arrows=-](5,2.8)(6,2.8) - \arrowLine(4,4)(F'){3} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.2](I)(F'){2} - \arrowLine(F')(I){2} - \arrowLine[linecolor=blue,arrowOffset=-0.3](-7.75,2.5)(I){3} - \arrowLine(I)(-7.75,2.5){3} - } - \psframe(5.5,1.1)(6.5,3.5) - \multido{\r=1.3+0.2}{12}{% - \psline(6.1,\r)(6.5,\r)% - } -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - - +\clearpage \part{Mirrors} \section{High Beam Light\label{beamlight}} +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-5.5)(10,5.5) -% \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5] - \rput(0,0){% - \beamLight[drawing=false,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorWidth=0.1,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linecolor=lightgray]} - \makeatletter - \pst@getcoor{Focus}\pst@tempf - \psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red} - \multido{\n=60+5}{18}{% - \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linewidth=1pt](Focus)(!% - /XF \pst@tempf pop \pst@number\psxunit div def - \n\space cos XF add \n\space sin neg){Endd1} - \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](Endd1)(Endd1''){Endd2}% - \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linewidth=1pt](Focus)(!% - /XF \pst@tempf pop \pst@number\psxunit div def - \n\space cos XF add \n\space sin ){End1} - \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](End1)(End1''){End2}% - } - \makeatletter -\end{pspicture} - - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-5.5)(10,5.5) - \rput(0,0){% - \beamLight[drawing=false,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorWidth=0.1,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linecolor=lightgray]} - \makeatletter - \pst@getcoor{Focus}\pst@tempf - \psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red} - \multido{\n=60+5}{18}{% - \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linewidth=1pt](Focus)(!% - /XF \pst@tempf pop \pst@number\psxunit div def - \n\space cos XF add \n\space sin neg){Endd1} - \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](Endd1)(Endd1''){Endd2}% - \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linewidth=1pt](Focus)(!% - /XF \pst@tempf pop \pst@number\psxunit div def - \n\space cos XF add \n\space sin ){End1} - \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](End1)(End1''){End2}% - } - \makeatletter -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - +\rput(0,0){\beamLight[drawing=false,mirrorDepth=4.75,mirrorWidth=0.1,mirrorHeight=10,linecolor=lightgray]} +\makeatletter +\pst@getcoor{Focus}\pst@tempf +\psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red} +\multido{\n=60+5}{18}{% + \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,mirrorDepth=4.75,mirrorHeight=10,linewidth=1pt](Focus)(!% + /XF \pst@tempf pop \pst@number\psxunit div def \n\space cos XF add \n\space sin neg){Endd1} + \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](Endd1)(Endd1''){Endd2}% + \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,mirrorDepth=4.75,mirrorHeight=10,linewidth=1pt](Focus)(!% + /XF \pst@tempf pop \pst@number\psxunit div def \n\space cos XF add \n\space sin ){End1} + \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](End1)(End1''){End2}} +\makeatletter +\end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{beamLight}\xLcs{mirrorCVGRay}\xLcs{psOutLine} +\clearpage \section{Low Beam Light} -\begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-5)(10,5) -% \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5] - \rput(0,0){% - \beamLight[drawing=false,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorWidth=0.1,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linecolor=lightgray]} - {% - \psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red} - \multido{\n=70+5}{20}{% - \psline(2.75,-0.2)(! \n\space cos 2.75 add \n\space sin ) - \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linewidth=1pt](2.75,-0.2)% - (! \n\space cos 2.75 add \n\space sin ){End1} - \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](End1)(End1''){End2}% - }} -\end{pspicture} -\begin{lstlisting} + +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-1.5,-5)(10,5) - \rput(0,0){% - \beamLight[drawing=false,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorWidth=0.1,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linecolor=lightgray]} - {% - \psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red} - \multido{\n=70+5}{20}{% - \psline(2.75,-0.2)(! \n\space cos 2.75 add \n\space sin ) - \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,% - mirrorDepth=4.75,% - mirrorHeight=10,% - linewidth=1pt](2.75,-0.2)% - (! \n\space cos 2.75 add \n\space sin ){End1} - \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](End1)(End1''){End2}% - }} +\rput(0,0){\beamLight[drawing=false,mirrorDepth=4.75,mirrorWidth=0.1,mirrorHeight=10,linecolor=lightgray]} +\psset{linewidth=1pt,linecolor=red} +\multido{\n=70+5}{20}{% + \psline(2.75,-0.2)(! \n\space cos 2.75 add \n\space sin ) + \mirrorCVGRay[linecolor=red,mirrorDepth=4.75,mirrorHeight=10,linewidth=1pt](2.75,-0.2)% + (! \n\space cos 2.75 add \n\space sin ){End1} + \psOutLine[arrows=->,length=.25](End1)(End1''){End2}} \end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{beamLight}\xLcs{mirrorCVGRay}\xLcs{psOutLine}\xLkeyword{mirrorDepth}\xLkeyword{mirrorHeight} +\clearpage \part{Refraction} \section{Vertical Medium} Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=1.5$: -\bigskip - - -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-3)(5,3) - \psgrid - \pnode(-1,-2.5){A} - \pnode(1,-2.5){B} - \pnode(1,2.5){C} - \pnode(-1,2.5){D} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-5,-3)(5,3) +\pnode(-1,-2.5){A}\pnode(1,-2.5){B}\pnode(1,2.5){C}\pnode(-1,2.5){D} % \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){10} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) -% +\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) % 1. -% - \refractionRay(-3,-3)(-2,-2)(D)(A){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,-3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% +\refractionRay(-3,-3)(-2,-2)(D)(A){1}{1.5}{END} +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(-3,-3)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} +\arrowLine(END)(Out){1}\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} +\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} % 2. - \refractionRay(-3,0)(-2,0)(A)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,0)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% +\refractionRay(-3,0)(-2,0)(A)(D){1}{1.5}{END} +\psset{linecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(-3,0)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} +\arrowLine(END)(Out){1}\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} +\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} % 3. -% - \refractionRay(-3,3)(-2,2)(D)(A){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} +\refractionRay(-3,3)(-2,2)(D)(A){1}{1.5}{END} +\psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(-3,3)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} +\arrowLine(END)(Out){1}\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} +\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} \end{pspicture} -\bigskip - - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-3)(5,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-1,-2.5){A} - \pnode(1,-2.5){B} - \pnode(1,2.5){C} - \pnode(-1,2.5){D} -% \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){10} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) -% -% 1. -% - \refractionRay(-3,-3)(-2,-2)(D)(A){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,-3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% -% 2. - \refractionRay(-3,0)(-2,0)(A)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,0)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% -% 3. -% - \refractionRay(-3,3)(-2,2)(D)(A){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{refractionRay}\xLcs{arrowLine}\xLcs{ABinterCD}\xLkeyword{length} +\clearpage \section{Horizontal Medium} Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=1.5$: -\bigskip - -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-4)(5,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-2.5,-1){A} - \pnode(2.5,-1){B} - \pnode(2.5,1){C} - \pnode(-2.5,1){D} -% \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){10} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) -% +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-5,-4)(5,3) +\pnode(-2.5,-1){A}\pnode(2.5,-1){B}\pnode(2.5,1){C}\pnode(-2.5,1){D} +%\rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){10} +\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) % 1. -% - \refractionRay(-3,3)(-2,2)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% +\refractionRay(-3,3)(-2,2)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(-3,3)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} +\arrowLine(END)(Out){1}\refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} +\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} % 2. -% - \refractionRay(0,3)(0,1)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(0,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(A)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% +\refractionRay(0,3)(0,1)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} +\psset{linecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(0,3)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(A)(B){Out} +\arrowLine(END)(Out){1}\refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} +\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} % 3. -% - \refractionRay(3,3)(2,2)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(3,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} +\refractionRay(3,3)(2,2)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} +\psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(3,3)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} +\arrowLine(END)(Out){1}\refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} +\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} \end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{refractionRay}\xLcs{arrowLine}\xLcs{ABinterCD} - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-4)(5,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-2.5,-1){A} - \pnode(2.5,-1){B} - \pnode(2.5,1){C} - \pnode(-2.5,1){D} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) -% -% 1. -% - \refractionRay(-3,3)(-2,2)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-3,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% -% 2. -% - \refractionRay(0,3)(0,1)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=green,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(0,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(A)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -% -% 3. -% - \refractionRay(3,3)(2,2)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(3,3)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\clearpage \section{Parallel Rays and a sloping medium} Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=1.5$: -\bigskip +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-7,-1)(5,6) +\pnode(0,0){A}\pnode(2,0){B}\pnode(2,5){C}\pnode(0,5){D} +\rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){40} +\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\multido{\r=1.10+0.28}{8}{% + \refractionRay(-6.00,\r)(-3.00,\r)(A)(D){1}{1.5}{End} + \arrowLine(-6.00,\r)(End){2}\ABinterCD(End)(End')(C)(B){Out} + \arrowLine(End)(Out){1}\refractionRay(End)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} + \psline(Q)(Q')\psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}} +\end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{refractionRay}\xLcs{arrowLine}\xLcs{ABinterCD}\xLcs{polygon} -\begin{pspicture}(-7,-1)(5,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(0,0){A} - \pnode(2,0){B} - \pnode(2,5){C} - \pnode(0,5){D} - \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){40} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[30](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\r=1.10+0.28}{8}{% - \refractionRay(-6.00,\r)(-3.00,\r)(A)(D){1}{1.5}{End} - \arrowLine(-6.00,\r)(End){2} - \ABinterCD(End)(End')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(End)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(End)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End} - } -\end{pspicture} -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-7,-1)(5,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(0,0){A} - \pnode(2,0){B} - \pnode(2,5){C} - \pnode(0,5){D} - \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){45} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[30](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\r=3.0+-0.3}{8}{% - \refractionRay(-7,\r)(-4,\r)(D)(A){1}{1.25}{END} - \arrowLine(-7,\r)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.25}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}% - } -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\clearpage \section{A Prisma} Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=1.5$: -\bigskip - -\begin{pspicture}(-7,0)(5,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-3,1){A}\pnode(1,1){B}\pnode(-1,5){C} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\rA=0.6+0.2,\rB=1.5+0.2}{7}{% - \refractionRay(-6,\rA)(-4,\rB)(C)(A){1}{1.5}{END} - \arrowLine(-6,\rA)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}% - } -\end{pspicture} -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-7,0)(5,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-3,1){A}\pnode(1,1){B}\pnode(-1,5){C} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\rA=0.6+0.2,\rB=1.5+0.2}{7}{% - \refractionRay(-6,\rA)(-4,\rB)(C)(A){1}{1.5}{END} - \arrowLine(-6,\rA)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}% - } +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-7,0)(5,6) +\pnode(-3,1){A}\pnode(1,1){B}\pnode(-1,5){C}\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C) +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\multido{\rA=0.6+0.2,\rB=1.5+0.2}{7}{% + \refractionRay(-6,\rA)(-4,\rB)(C)(A){1}{1.5}{END}\arrowLine(-6,\rA)(END){2} + \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} + \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.5}{1}{Q}\psline(Q)(Q')\psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}} \end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{refractionRay}\xLcs{arrowLine}\xLcs{ABinterCD}\xLcs{psOutLine} -\begin{landscape} \section{A Prisma for Dispersion} -The following figure shows the lioght dispersion with realistic values for the refractions numbers of the different light colors. +The following figure shows the light dispersion with realistic values for the refractions numbers of the different light colors. \bigskip -\begin{tabular}{l|l} - Color & Refraction number $n$ for glass\\\hline - dark blue & $1.528$ \\ - bluegreen & $1.523$ \\ - yellow & $1.517$ \\ - red & $1.514$ \\ - darkred & $1.511$ \\ +\begin{tabular}{ @{}l l l l l l @{}} + & darkblue & bluegreen & yellow & red & darkred \\ +$n$ for glass & 1.528 & 1.523 & 1.517 & 1.514 & 1.511 \end{tabular} -\bigskip -\begin{pspicture}(-7,0)(14,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-6,1){A}\pnode(-2,1){B}\pnode(-4,5){C} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C} - \pnode(12.5,0.5){E1}\pnode(12.5,5.5){E2} - \psframe[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid](E1)(12.75,5.5) - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C) - \psset{linecolor=black,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \pnode(-7,1){P1}\pnode(-6,2){P2} - \ABinterCD(P1)(P2)(C)(A){END} - \arrowLine(P1)(END){2} -% - \psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.5pt,arrowsize=2pt,} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.528}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.528}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -% - \psset{linecolor=green} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.523}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.523}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -% - \psset{linecolor=yellow} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.517}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.517}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -% - \psset{linecolor=red} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.511}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.511}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -\end{pspicture} +\begin{landscape} +\begin{LTXexample}[wide=false] +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-7,0)(14,6) +\pnode(-6,1){A}\pnode(-2,1){B}\pnode(-4,5){C}\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C} +\pnode(12.5,0.5){E1}\pnode(12.5,5.5){E2} +\psframe[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid](E1)(12.75,5.5)\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C) +\psset{linecolor=black,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\pnode(-7,1){P1}\pnode(-6,2){P2}\ABinterCD(P1)(P2)(C)(A){END}\arrowLine(P1)(END){2} +\psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.5pt,arrowsize=2pt,} +\refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.528}{END}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} +\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.528}{1}{Q}\psline(Q)(Q')\ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END}\arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} +\psset{linecolor=green} +\refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.523}{END}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} +\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.523}{1}{Q}\psline(Q)(Q')\ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END}\arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} +\psset{linecolor=yellow} +\refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.517}{END}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} +\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.517}{1}{Q}\psline(Q)(Q')\ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END}\arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} +\psset{linecolor=red} +\refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.511}{END}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} +\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.511}{1}{Q}\psline(Q)(Q')\ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END}\arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} +\end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} \end{landscape} -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-7,0)(14,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-6,1){A}\pnode(-2,1){B}\pnode(-4,5){C} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C} - \pnode(12.5,0.5){E1}\pnode(12.5,5.5){E2} - \psframe[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid](E1)(12.75,5.5) - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C) - \psset{linecolor=black,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \pnode(-7,1){P1}\pnode(-6,2){P2} - \ABinterCD(P1)(P2)(C)(A){END} - \arrowLine(P1)(END){2} -% - \psset{linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.5pt,arrowsize=2pt,} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.528}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.528}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -% - \psset{linecolor=green} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.523}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.523}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -% - \psset{linecolor=yellow} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.517}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.517}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -% - \psset{linecolor=red} - \refractionRay(P1)(P2)(C)(A){1}{1.511}{END} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){1.511}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(E1)(E2){END} - \arrowLine(Q)(END){4}\qdisk(END){1.5pt} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - - \clearpage \section{Refration with different Angles} Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=1.5$: -\bigskip -\begin{pspicture}(-6,-5)(6,5) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-6,-1){A}\pnode(6,-1){B}\pnode(6,1){C}\pnode(-6,1){D} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[30](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt](0,-5)(0,5) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\n=30+5}{25}{% - \refractionRay(5;\n)(0,1)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \arrowLine(5;\n)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}% - } +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-6,-5)(6,5) +\pnode(-6,-1){A}\pnode(6,-1){B}\pnode(6,1){C}\pnode(-6,1){D} +\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B}\uput[30](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) +\psline[linewidth=0.5pt](0,-5)(0,5) +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\multido{\n=30+5}{25}{% + \refractionRay(5;\n)(0,1)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END}\arrowLine(5;\n)(END){2} + \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} + \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q}\psline(Q)(Q')\psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}} \end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} + + -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-6,-5)(6,5) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-6,-1){A}\pnode(6,-1){B}\pnode(6,1){C}\pnode(-6,1){D} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-45](B){B} - \uput[30](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt](0,-5)(0,5) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\n=30+5}{25}{% - \refractionRay(5;\n)(0,1)(C)(D){1}{1.5}{END} - \arrowLine(5;\n)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(B)(A){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(B)(A){1.5}{1}{Q} - \psline(Q)(Q') - \psOutLine[length=3](Q)(Q'){End}% - } -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} \clearpage \section{Great difference in the Refractionsnumbers} @@ -1247,50 +449,17 @@ Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=1.5$: Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=4$: -\bigskip - -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-1)(2,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(0,0){A} - \pnode(2,0){B} - \pnode(2,5){C} - \pnode(0,5){D} - \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){45} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-40](B){B} - \uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \refractionRay(-2.5,-1)(-2,1)(A)(D){1}{4}{END} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-2.5,-1)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){4}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} -\end{pspicture} - - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-5,-1)(2,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(0,0){A} - \pnode(2,0){B} - \pnode(2,5){C} - \pnode(0,5){D} - \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){45} - \uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-40](B){B} - \uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \refractionRay(-2.5,-1)(-2,1)(D)(A){1}{4}{END} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \arrowLine(-2.5,-1)(END){2} - \ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out} - \arrowLine(END)(Out){1} - \refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){4}{1}{Q} - \arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1} - \psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-5,-1)(2,6) +\pnode(0,0){A}\pnode(2,0){B}\pnode(2,5){C}\pnode(0,5){D}\rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){45} +\uput[-135](A){A}\uput[-40](B){B}\uput[45](C){C}\uput[135](D){D} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) +\refractionRay(-2.5,-1)(-2,1)(A)(D){1}{4}{END} +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=2pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\arrowLine(-2.5,-1)(END){2}\ABinterCD(END)(END')(C)(B){Out}\arrowLine(END)(Out){1} +\refractionRay(END)(Out)(C)(B){4}{1}{Q}\arrowLine(Q)(Q'){1}\psOutLine[length=2](Q)(Q'){End} \end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} \clearpage @@ -1298,46 +467,18 @@ Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=1$ and $n_2=4$: \section{Total Reflection} Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=2$ and $n_2=1$: -\bigskip -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-3)(8,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-8,1.5){A}\pnode(8,1.5){B} - \uput[45](A){A}\uput[135](B){B} - \pnode(0,0){START} - \psframe[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](-8,-1.5)(B) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-8,-3)(8,6) +\pnode(-8,1.5){A}\pnode(8,1.5){B}\uput[45](A){A}\uput[135](B){B}\pnode(0,0){START} +\psframe[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](-8,-1.5)(B) +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} % \multido{\n=20+5}{16}{% - \multido{\n=20+5}{29}{% - \refractionRay(START)(1;\n)(A)(B){1.5}{1}{END} - \arrowLine(START)(END){2} - \arrowLine(END)(END'){1} - \psOutLine[length=3](END)(END'){Q} - \arrowLine(END')(Q){3} - } -\end{pspicture} - - -\bigskip - - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-3)(8,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-8,1.5){A}\pnode(8,1.5){B} - \uput[45](A){A}\uput[135](B){B} - \pnode(0,0){START} - \psframe[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](-8,-1.5)(B) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\n=20+5}{29}{% - \refractionRay(START)(1;\n)(A)(B){2}{1}{END} - \arrowLine(START)(END){2} - \arrowLine(END)(END'){1} - \psOutLine[length=3](END)(END'){Q} - \arrowLine(END')(Q){3} - } +\multido{\n=20+5}{29}{% + \refractionRay(START)(1;\n)(A)(B){1.5}{1}{END}\arrowLine(START)(END){2} + \arrowLine(END)(END'){1}\psOutLine[length=3](END)(END'){Q}\arrowLine(END')(Q){3}} \end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} \clearpage @@ -1347,47 +488,19 @@ Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=2$ and $n_2=1$: Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=2$ and $n_2=1$: -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-6)(8,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-6,1.5){A}\pnode(6,1.5){B} - \pnode(6,-1.5){C}\pnode(-6,-1.5){D} - \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){30} - \uput[90](A){A}\uput[135](B){B} - \pnode(0,0){START} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\n=50+5}{29}{% - \refractionRay(START)(1;\n)(A)(B){2}{1}{END} - \arrowLine(START)(END){2} - \arrowLine(END)(END'){1} - \psOutLine[length=3](END)(END'){Q} - \arrowLine(END')(Q){3} - } +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture}[showgrid=true](-8,-6)(8,6) +\pnode(-6,1.5){A}\pnode(6,1.5){B}\pnode(6,-1.5){C}\pnode(-6,-1.5){D} +\rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){30}\uput[90](A){A}\uput[135](B){B}\pnode(0,0){START} +\pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} +\multido{\n=50+5}{29}{% + \refractionRay(START)(1;\n)(A)(B){2}{1}{END}\arrowLine(START)(END){2} + \arrowLine(END)(END'){1}\psOutLine[length=3](END)(END'){Q}\arrowLine(END')(Q){3}} \end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} -\par -\bigskip - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-8,-6)(8,6) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \pnode(-6,1.5){A}\pnode(6,1.5){B} - \pnode(6,-1.5){C}\pnode(-6,-1.5){D} - \rotateFrame(A)(B)(C)(D){30} - \uput[90](A){A}\uput[135](B){B} - \pnode(0,0){START} - \pspolygon[fillcolor=lightgray,fillstyle=solid,linecolor=blue](A)(B)(C)(D) - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,arrowsize=5pt,arrows=->} - \multido{\n=50+5}{29}{% - \refractionRay(START)(1;\n)(A)(B){2}{1}{END} - \arrowLine(START)(END){2} - \arrowLine(END)(END'){1} - \psOutLine[length=3](END)(END'){Q} - \arrowLine(END')(Q){3} - } -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - +\clearpage \part{Spherical Optic} @@ -1397,216 +510,79 @@ Refrectionnumbers are $n_1=2$ and $n_2=1$: \subsection[Simple Example]{Construction for finding the position of the image point P' of a point object P formed by refraction at a sperical surface} -\begin{pspicture*}(-10,-4)(3,4) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=12,% - lensWidth=10,% - yBottom=-6,yTop=6,xLeft=-6,xRight=6,% - drawing=false]} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,dotstyle=|} - \pnode(-9,0){P}\psdots(P)\uput[-90](P){P} - \psline(P)(xRight) - \lensSPHRay(P)(-5,2){1}{9}{Q} - \psline(P)(Q)(Q') - \psdots(Q)\uput[90](Q){B} - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(0,0)(5,0){P'} - \psdots(Q')\uput[-90](P'){P'} - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=black](Center')(Q) - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=black](Q)(Q|0,0) - \psdots(Center')\uput[-90](Center'){C} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-10,-4)(3,4) +\rput(0,0){\lensSPH[lensType=CVG,lensHeight=12,lensWidth=10,yBottom=-6,yTop=6,xLeft=-6,xRight=6,drawing=false]} +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,dotstyle=|} +\pnode(-9,0){P}\psdots(P)\uput[-90](P){P}\psline(P)(xRight)\lensSPHRay(P)(-5,2){1}{9}{Q} +\psline(P)(Q)(Q')\psdots(Q)\uput[90](Q){B}\ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(0,0)(5,0){P'} +\psdots(Q')\uput[-90](P'){P'}\psline[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=black](Center')(Q) +\psline[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=black](Q)(Q|0,0)\psdots(Center')\uput[-90](Center'){C} \end{pspicture*} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{lensSPH}\xLcs{lensSPHRay}\xLcs{ABinterCD} -\bigskip - - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}*(-10,-4)(3,4) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=12,% - lensWidth=10,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,xLeft=-5,xRight=5,% - drawing=false]} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,dotstyle=|} - \pnode(-9,0){P}\psdots(P)\uput[-90](P){P} - \psline(P)(xRight) - \lensSPHRay(P)(-5,2){1}{9}{Q}% - \psline(P)(Q)(Q') - \psdots(Q)\uput[90](Q){B} - \ABinterCD(Q)(Q')(0,0)(5,0){P'} - \psdots(Q')\uput[-90](P'){P'} - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=black](Center')(Q) - \psline[linewidth=0.5pt,linecolor=black](Q)(Q|0,0) - \psdots(Center')\uput[-90](Center'){C} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - - +\clearpage \subsection[Height of an Image]{Construction for determining the height of an image formed by refraction at a sperical surface} -\begin{pspicture}*(-13,-3)(3,5) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=12,% - lensWidth=10,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,xLeft=-5,xRight=5,% - drawing=false]} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,dotstyle=|} - \pnode(-12,0){P}\psdots(P)\uput[-90](P){P} - \pnode(-12,4){Q}\psdots(Q)\uput[90](Q){Q} - \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=3pt,arrows=->](P)(Q) - \psline(P)(xRight) - \lensSPHRay(Q)(Center'){1}{9}{S1}% - \lensSPHRay(Q)(-5,0){1}{9}{S2}% - \psline(Q)(S1') - \psline(Q)(S2)(S2') - \ABinterCD(Q)(S1')(S2)(S2'){Q'} - \pnode(Q'|0,0){P'} - \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=3pt,arrows=->](P')(Q') - \uput[90](P'){P'} - \uput[-90](Q'){Q'} - \psdots(Center')\uput[90](Center'){C} -\end{pspicture} - -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}*(-13,-3)(3,5) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=12,% - lensWidth=10,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,xLeft=-5,xRight=5,% - drawing=false]} - \psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,dotstyle=|} - \pnode(-12,0){P}\psdots(P)\uput[-90](P){P} - \pnode(-12,4){Q}\psdots(Q)\uput[90](Q){Q} - \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=3pt,arrows=->](P)(Q) - \psline(P)(xRight) - \lensSPHRay(Q)(Center'){1}{9}{S1}% - \lensSPHRay(Q)(-5,0){1}{9}{S2}% - \psline(Q)(S1') - \psline(Q)(S2)(S2') - \ABinterCD(Q)(S1')(S2)(S2'){Q'} - \pnode(Q'|0,0){P'} - \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=3pt,arrows=->](P')(Q') - \uput[90](P'){P'} - \uput[-90](Q'){Q'} - \psdots(Center')\uput[90](Center'){C} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-13,-3)(3,5) +\rput(0,0){\lensSPH[lensType=CVG,lensHeight=12,lensWidth=10,yBottom=-4,yTop=4,xLeft=-5,xRight=5,drawing=false]} +\psset{linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt,dotstyle=|} +\pnode(-12,0){P}\psdots(P)\uput[-90](P){P}\pnode(-12,4){Q}\psdots(Q)\uput[90](Q){Q} +\psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=3pt,arrows=->](P)(Q)\psline(P)(xRight) +\lensSPHRay(Q)(Center'){1}{9}{S1}\lensSPHRay(Q)(-5,0){1}{9}{S2}% +\psline(Q)(S1')\psline(Q)(S2)(S2')\ABinterCD(Q)(S1')(S2)(S2'){Q'} +\pnode(Q'|0,0){P'}\psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=3pt,arrows=->](P')(Q') +\uput[90](P'){P'}\uput[-90](Q'){Q'}\psdots(Center')\uput[90](Center'){C} +\end{pspicture*} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{lensSPH}\xLcs{lensSPHRay}\xLcs{ABinterCD} +\clearpage \section{Thin Convergent Lenses} -If the two spherical surfaces are close enough we can call such a lense a \textbf{thin lens}. The following figure shows the behaviour of such a lense with real rays. +If the two spherical surfaces are close enough we can call such a lense a +\textbf{thin lens}. The following figure shows the behaviour of such a lense with real rays. +\begin{LTXexample} \psset{xunit=0.75cm} -\begin{pspicture}(-10,-4)(10,4) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=7,% - lensWidth=1.25,% - yBottom=-5,yTop=5,xLeft=-12,xRight=12,% - AB=2,OA=-9,% - refractA=1,refractB=2,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} -\end{pspicture} - -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\psset{xunit=0.75cm} -\begin{pspicture}(-10,-4)(10,4) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=7,% - lensWidth=1.25,% - yBottom=-5,yTop=5,xLeft=-12,xRight=12,% - AB=2,OA=-9,% - refractA=1,refractB=2,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-10,-4)(10,4) +\rput(0,0){\lensSPH[lensType=CVG,lensHeight=7,lensWidth=1.25,yBottom=-5,yTop=5,xLeft=-12,xRight=12,% + AB=2,OA=-9,refractA=1,refractB=2,drawing=true,rayColor=red]} +\end{pspicture*} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLkeyword{refractA}\xLkeyword{refractB}\xLkeyset{lensType=CVG}\xLkeyword{AB} \clearpage - - \section{Thick Convergent Lenses} There is no real image possible. +\begin{LTXexample} \begin{pspicture}(-10,-4)(10,4) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=7,% - lensWidth=2,% - yBottom=-5,yTop=5,xLeft=-12,xRight=12,% - AB=2,OA=-9,% - refractA=1,refractB=2,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} +\rput(0,0){\lensSPH[lensType=CVG,lensHeight=7,lensWidth=2,yBottom=-5,yTop=5,xLeft=-12,xRight=12,% + AB=2,OA=-9,refractA=1,refractB=2,drawing=true,rayColor=red]} \end{pspicture} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLkeyword{refractA}\xLkeyword{refractB}\xLkeyset{lensType=CVG}\xLkeyword{AB} -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture}(-10,-4)(10,4) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=CVG,% - lensHeight=7,% - lensWidth=2,% - yBottom=-5,yTop=5,xLeft=-12,xRight=12,% - AB=2,OA=-9,% - refractA=1,refractB=2,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} -\end{pspicture} -\end{lstlisting} - \clearpage - - \section{Thin Divergent Lenses} If the two spherical surfaces are close enough we can call such a lense a \textbf{thin lens}. The following figure shows the behaviour of such a lense with real rays. -\bigskip -\begin{pspicture*}(-6,-3)(6,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=DVG,% - lensWidth=0.1,% - lensDepth=0.2,% - AB=1,OA=-5,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} -\end{pspicture*} - -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture*}(-6,-3)(6,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=DVG,% - lensWidth=0.1,% - lensDepth=0.2,% - AB=1,OA=-5,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} +\psset{unit=1cm} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-6,-3)(6,3) +\rput(0,0){\lensSPH[lensType=DVG,lensWidth=0.1,lensDepth=0.2,AB=1,OA=-5,drawing=true,rayColor=red]} \end{pspicture*} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{lensSPH}\xLkeyset{lensType=DVG}\xLkeyword{AB} \clearpage @@ -1615,167 +591,63 @@ If the two spherical surfaces are close enough we can call such a lense a \textb There is no real image possible. -\bigskip -\begin{pspicture*}(-6,-3)(6,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=DVG,% - lensWidth=1,% - lensDepth=1,% - AB=1,OA=-5,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} -\end{pspicture*} - - -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture*}(-6,-3)(6,3) - \psgrid[subgriddiv=0,griddots=5,gridlabels=7pt] - \rput(0,0){\lensSPH[% - lensType=DVG,% - lensWidth=1,% - lensDepth=1,% - AB=1,OA=-5,% - drawing=true,% - rayColor=red]} +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-6,-3)(6,3) +\rput(0,0){\lensSPH[lensType=DVG,lensWidth=1,lensDepth=1,AB=1,OA=-5,drawing=true,rayColor=red]} \end{pspicture*} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{lensSPH}\xLkeyset{lensType=DVG}\xLkeyword{AB} \clearpage -\section{\CMD{mirrorCVG}} - - -\begin{pspicture*}(-1,-5)(8,5) - \rput(0,0){% - \mirrorCVG[% - mirrorType=SPH,% - drawing=false,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,% - mirrorHeight=8,% - mirrorDepth=3]% - \qdisk(Center){2pt}\qdisk(Focus){2pt} - \uput[-90](Center){Center}\uput[-90](Focus){F} - \psline(O)(xRight) - } - \multido{\rA=-3.50+0.25}{5}{% - \mirrorCVGRay[mirrorType=SPH,linecolor=red](6,\rA)(4,\rA){E} - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=4](E')(E''){EEnd} - } - \multido{\rA=-2.25+0.25}{19}{% - \ABinterSPHLens(6,\rA)(4,\rA)(Center){Ptemp} - \reflectionRay[mirrorType=SPH](5,\rA)(Ptemp){E} - \psline[linecolor=red](6,\rA)(Ptemp)(E) - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=6](Ptemp)(E){EEnd} - } - \multido{\rA=2.50+0.25}{5}{% - \mirrorCVGRay[mirrorType=SPH,linecolor=red](6,\rA)(4,\rA){E} - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=4](E')(E''){EEnd} - } - \psgrid +\section{\nxLcs{mirrorCVG}} + +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-1,-5)(8,5) +\rput(0,0){\mirrorCVG[mirrorType=SPH,drawing=false,yBottom=-4,yTop=4,mirrorHeight=8,mirrorDepth=3] + \qdisk(Center){2pt}\qdisk(Focus){2pt} + \uput[-90](Center){Center}\uput[-90](Focus){F}\psline(O)(xRight)} +\multido{\rA=-3.50+0.25}{5}{% + \mirrorCVGRay[mirrorType=SPH,linecolor=red](6,\rA)(4,\rA){E} + \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=4](E')(E''){EEnd}} +\multido{\rA=-2.25+0.25}{19}{% + \ABinterSPHLens(6,\rA)(4,\rA)(Center){Ptemp} + \reflectionRay[mirrorType=SPH](5,\rA)(Ptemp){E} + \psline[linecolor=red](6,\rA)(Ptemp)(E)\psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=6](Ptemp)(E){EEnd}} +\multido{\rA=2.50+0.25}{5}{% + \mirrorCVGRay[mirrorType=SPH,linecolor=red](6,\rA)(4,\rA){E} + \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=4](E')(E''){EEnd}} \end{pspicture*} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{mirrorCVG}\xLkeyset{mirrorType=SPH}\xLcs{ABinterSPHLens}\xLcs{refractionRay} +\clearpage +\section{\nxLcs{mirrorDVG}} -\bigskip -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture*}(-1,-5)(8,5) - \rput(0,0){% - \mirrorCVG[% - mirrorType=SPH,% - drawing=false,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,% - mirrorHeight=8,% - mirrorDepth=3]% - \qdisk(Center){2pt}\qdisk(Focus){2pt} - \uput[-90](Center){Center}\uput[-90](Focus){F} - \psline(O)(xRight) - } - \multido{\rA=-3.50+0.25}{5}{% - \mirrorCVGRay[mirrorType=SPH,linecolor=red](8,\rA)(4,\rA){E} - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=4](E')(E''){EEnd} - } - \multido{\rA=-2.25+0.25}{19}{% - \ABinterSPHLens(8,\rA)(4,\rA)(Center){Ptemp} - \reflectionRay[mirrorType=CVG-SPH](5,\rA)(Ptemp){E} - \psline[linecolor=red](8,\rA)(Ptemp)(E) - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=6](Ptemp)(E){EEnd} - } - \multido{\rA=2.50+0.25}{5}{% - \mirrorCVGRay[mirrorType=SPH,linecolor=red](8,\rA)(4,\rA){E} - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=4](E')(E''){EEnd} - } - \psgrid -\end{pspicture*} -\end{lstlisting} - - - - -\section{\CMD{mirrorDVG}} - - -\begin{pspicture*}(-5,-5)(8,5) - \psgrid - \rput(0,0){% - \mirrorDVG[% - mirrorType=SPH,% - drawing=false,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,% - mirrorHeight=8,% - mirrorWidth=0.25,% - mirrorDepth=2.5]% - \qdisk(Center){2pt}\qdisk(Focus){2pt} - \uput[-90](Center){C}\uput[-90](Focus){F} - \psline(xLeft)(xRight) - } - \multido{\rA=-3.00+0.25}{25}{% - \ABinterSPHLens(7,\rA)(4,\rA)(Center){Ptemp} - \reflectionRay[mirrorType=SPH](5,\rA)(Ptemp){E} - \arrowLine[linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt](7,\rA)(Ptemp){1} - \psline[linecolor=red,arrows=->,linewidth=1.5pt](Ptemp)(E) - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,% - length=6,linewidth=1.5pt,% - arrows=->](Ptemp)(E){EEnd} - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,% - length=3,linestyle=dashed,% - linewidth=0.5pt](E)(Ptemp){EEnd} - } -\end{pspicture*} - -\par - -\begin{lstlisting} -\begin{pspicture*}(-5,-5)(8,5) - \psgrid - \rput(0,0){% - \mirrorDVG[% - mirrorType=SPH,% - drawing=false,% - yBottom=-4,yTop=4,% - mirrorHeight=8,% - mirrorWidth=0.25,% - mirrorDepth=2.5]% - \qdisk(Center){2pt}\qdisk(Focus){2pt} - \uput[-90](Center){C}\uput[-90](Focus){F} - \psline(xLeft)(xRight) - } - \multido{\rA=-3.00+0.25}{25}{% - \ABinterSPHLens(7,\rA)(4,\rA)(Center){Ptemp} - \reflectionRay[mirrorType=SPH](5,\rA)(Ptemp){E} - \arrowLine[linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt](7,\rA)(Ptemp){1} - \psline[linecolor=red,arrows=->,linewidth=1.5pt](Ptemp)(E) - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,% - length=6,linewidth=1.5pt,% - arrows=->](Ptemp)(E){EEnd} - \psOutLine[linecolor=red,% - length=3,linestyle=dashed,% - linewidth=0.5pt](E)(Ptemp){EEnd} - } +\begin{LTXexample} +\begin{pspicture*}[showgrid=true](-5,-5)(8,5) +\rput(0,0){% + \mirrorDVG[mirrorType=SPH,drawing=false,yBottom=-4,yTop=4,mirrorHeight=8,mirrorWidth=0.25,mirrorDepth=2.5] + \qdisk(Center){2pt}\qdisk(Focus){2pt}\uput[-90](Center){C}\uput[-90](Focus){F} + \psline(xLeft)(xRight)} +\multido{\rA=-3.00+0.25}{25}{% + \ABinterSPHLens(7,\rA)(4,\rA)(Center){Ptemp}\reflectionRay[mirrorType=SPH](5,\rA)(Ptemp){E} + \arrowLine[linecolor=red,linewidth=1.5pt](7,\rA)(Ptemp){1} + \psline[linecolor=red,arrows=->,linewidth=1.5pt](Ptemp)(E) + \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=6,linewidth=1.5pt,arrows=->](Ptemp)(E){EEnd} + \psOutLine[linecolor=red,length=3,linestyle=dashed,linewidth=0.5pt](E)(Ptemp){EEnd}} \end{pspicture*} -\end{lstlisting} +\end{LTXexample} +\xLcs{mirrorDVG}\xLkeyset{mirrorType=SPH}\xLcs{ABinterSPHLens}\xLcs{refractionRay} +\bgroup +\raggedright +\nocite{*} +\bibliographystyle{plain} +\bibliography{pst-optic-doc} +\egroup +\printindex \end{document} |