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+%%% File: README.txt
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+
+MFpic defines a command group \mfpic...\endmfpic (optionally in LaTeX
+an environment, mfpic) and drawing commands to be used inside this group.
+When TeX (or LaTeX) is run on a file containing those commands, a
+Metafont (or MetaPost) source file is created. When that file is correctly
+processed by Metafont (or MetaPost), and LaTeX or TeX is run again, the
+result is a figure in the TeX document in the location of each
+environments.
+
+See install.txt for initial setup and brief installation instructions.
+See mfpguide.pdf for a short tutorial. See below for a summary of
+features added since the previous official release (0.6c beta). See the
+manual mfpman.pdf for more detailed instructions and descriptions
+of features.
+
+This is mfpic version 0.7a beta.
+
+LEGALITIES
+----------
+
+All files of the core mfpic distribution (listed below) may be
+distributed and/or modified under the conditions of the LaTeX Project
+Public License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option)
+any later version. The latest version of this license is in
+  http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX version
+1999/12/01 or later.
+
+While every effort has been made to make mfpic useful, it comes with no
+warranty, expressed or implied.
+
+
+MANIFEST
+--------
+
+Here is a list, plus explanation of purpose, of all files in the mfpic
+distribution. Read it *before* trying to process any of the example
+files. These, and the files generated by TeXing mfpic.ins, constitute
+the mfpic distribution to which the LPPL applies.
+
+The three files marked with * below are the only ones essential
+for using all the facilities of mfpic.
+
+All the *.tex files in the src directory (except the plainTeX file
+refcard.tex) require the LaTeX style file mfpdoc.sty. The manual is
+mfpman.pdf.
+
+TeX/LaTeX code:
+--------------
+*mfpic.dtx           Contains mfpic.sty and mfpic.tex
+*mfpic.ins           The unpacking script, run latex on it. It reads in
+                     mfpic.dtx and grafbase.dtx and produces the only
+                     required files: mfpic.sty, mfpic.tex, grafbase.mf,
+                     grafbase.mp, and dvipsnam.mp
+
+MetaPost/Metafont code:
+----------------------
+*grafbase.dtx        Contains grafbase.mf, grafbase.mp and dvipsnam.mp
+
+Documentation:
+-------------
+
+ install.txt          Basic information on installation
+ README.txt           This file.
+ changes.txt          Rambling history of (most) changes
+ mfpguide.pdf         Precompiled tutorial
+ mfpman.pdf           Precompiled manual
+ src/refcard.tex      reference card, landscape, should fit on two sides
+                      of either USletter or A4paper. Plain TeX source.
+ src/mfpdoc.sty       LaTeX style used by the next two
+ src/mfpguide.tex     tutorial (LaTeX source, requires mfpdoc.sty and mfpic)
+ src/mfpman.tex       manual (LaTeX source, requires mfpdoc.sty)
+
+ examples/pictures.tex    Run tex, produce pics.mf file
+ examples/lapictures.tex  Run latex, produce pics.mf file (same)
+ examples/data.dat        External data file needed for above two
+ examples/forfun.tex      Example of \mfsrc: Run tex, produce forfun.mp
+
+
+NEW FEATURES since Version 0.6c
+-------------------------------
+  -- Mfpic is now distribution in two .dtx files and an unpacking
+     script (mfpic.ins). The manual is now supplied as a linked PDF file
+     written in LaTeX. A short introductory guide is supplied, also PDF.
+
+  -- New path modification commands that produce a subpath of a
+     given path:
+     \partpath{<frac1>,<frac2>}<path>
+         The arguments are fractions of the length of <path> indicating
+         where the subpath begins and ends.
+     \subpath{n,m}<path>
+         {n,m} are the `times' on <path> where the subpath begins and
+         ends. (See the Metafontbook for the meaning of `time'.)
+     \cutoffbefore{X}<path>
+         X is a symbolic name for a path previously defined using \store.
+         The subpath produced begins where X and <path> first intersect,
+         and ends where <path> ends.
+     \cutoffafter{X}<path>
+         Similar to \cutoffafter but starts where <path> starts and ends
+         where X and <path> _last_ intersect.
+     \trimpath{<dim1>,<dim2>}<path>
+         The dimensions are the lengths trimmed from the start and end
+         of the following path.
+
+  -- Color commands now work under Metafont in the sense that no errors
+     or even warnings are caused by the commands that set and change
+     colors, and moreover, \draw[white]<path>. will erase the pixels
+     along <path> and \gfill[<color>]<closed path> will attempt to convert
+     the color to a shade of gray and approximate that by filling with a
+     pattern of pixels. All the following: \draw, \dashed, \dotted,
+     \plot, \plotnodes, all hatching commands, \point and \plotsymbol are
+     limited to black and white. \gfill and \polkadot will produce
+     shades of gray if the color is not black or white. filling (or
+     polkadotting) with white will erase pixels.
+
+     For this to work, bare MetaPost color triples should not be used,
+     but only color functions (e.g., rgb(1,.5,0)) or names defined with
+     \mfpdefinecolor. The colors defined in dvipsnam.mp are not
+     recognized by Metafont.
+
+  -- New color setting command, \pointcolor. The \point and \plotsymbol
+     commands now draw in the color set with \pointcolor. (In Metafont
+     this can be black or white.)
+
+  -- The dashpatterns, colors, and symbols used by the \plotdata command
+     for different curves can be reconfigured by the user with
+       \reconfigureplot {dashes}{<list>},
+       \reconfigureplot {colors}{<list>}, and
+       \reconfigureplot{symbols}{<list>},
+     where <list> is a comma separated list of dash patterns, colors, or
+     symbols. The builtin defaults can be restored with
+     \defaultplot{dashes}, etc.
+
+  -- \circle now accepts an optional argument similar to \arc that
+     allows one to define the circle in different ways. For example,
+     \circle[t]{<p1>,<p2>,<p3>}, will draw the circle that passes
+     through the three given points.
+
+  -- For those curve creation commands that accept an optional tension
+     argument, the default (= 1) can be changed with the command
+     \settension. The affected commands are \curve, \cyclic, \function,
+     \plrfcn, \datafile, \plotdata, \bclosed, \sclosed, \btwnfcn,
+     \plrregion, \fcncurve, \mfbezier, and \closedmfbezier.
+
+  -- The closure commands \bclosed and \sclosed now accept an optional
+     argument for the tension to be used in the closing link. The
+     commands \sclosed\curve and \cycle have always produced the same
+     path. Now the same is true when tension is used:
+     \sclosed[1.5]\curve[1.5] = \cycle[1.5] The default tension is the
+     same as for \curve.
+
+  -- The commands to surround text with a path (\tlabelrect, \tlabeloval
+     and \tlabelellipse) now accept a second optional argument that
+     is the same as that taken by \tlabel for justification/rotation of
+     the text. In order to use it, the first optional argument must be
+     present (though it may be empty to select the default). The
+     preloaded default for this new argument is [cc]. This can be
+     changed with \tlpathjustify.
+
+     Moreover, the first optional argument of \tlabelrect (which gives
+     the radius of the rounded corners) may now consist of the keyword
+     "roundends" which tells mfpic to use the maximum reasonable radius:
+     so that the short sides of the rectangle become half-circles.
+
+  -- All commands that take an optional argument can now take an empty
+     optional argument to select the default. Useful only when a command
+     has 2 optional arguments and you want only to change the second.
+
+  -- A command \overlaylabels (or package option) is available to make
+     the behavior of labels under mplabels close to the same as without
+     mplabels: this option causes them to be added last, on top of all
+     picture elements. They are then not covered up by any drawing
+     commands and they are not clipped off under the clip option or by
+     the \gclip command.
+
+  -- A command  \clearsymbols  (or package option) that makes
+     \plotsymbol and \plotnodes behave like \point does when
+     \pointfillfalse: the portions of the drawing in the interior of the
+     open symbols is cleared (erased). \noclearsymbols restores the
+     previous default.
+
+  -- New figures:
+     \makesector\arc
+         Makes a sector by connecting the arc's center to the arc's
+         endpoints. Calculates the center automatically.
+     \mfbezier[<tens>]{<list>}
+     \closedmfbezier[<tens>]{<list>}
+         Connect the list of point with the standard MF connector ".."
+         or optionally with "..tension <tens>..".
+     \qbeziers{<list>}
+     \closedqbeziers{<list>}
+         Make a path by connecting the first point in the list to the
+         third, then the fifth, etc., with quadratic Bezier curves using
+         the second, fourth, etc., points as controls. The equivalent of
+         a series of LaTeX \qbezier commands.
+     \regpolygon{<n>}{<name>}{<eqn1>}{<eqn2>}
+         Makes a regular polygon with n sides, <name> being a symbolic
+         name for the array of points. The last two parameters are
+         equations that should fix the location of two of the vertices,
+         or of the center and one vertex. In the equations, <name>0 is
+         the center, <name>1 through <name><n> are the vertices
+         anticlockwise. Example:
+             \regpolygon{17}{Bob}{Bob0=(0,0)}{Bob1=(0,1)}
+         After this, the names Bob0 through Bob17 can be used in drawing
+         commands where MF or MP point data is required (but not in TeX
+         commands like \tlabel without mplabels).
+
+  -- \pairarray{<name>}{<list-of-ordered-pairs>}
+     \numericarray{<name>}{<list-of-numbers>}
+     These define <name>1, <name>2, etc., as symbolic names for the
+     elements in the list. After
+        \pairarray{Bob}{(0,1),(1,2),(3,0)}
+     one can draw a triangle with \polygon{Bob1,Bob2,Bob3}. The
+     symbolic names are only recognized by MF or MP and so can't be
+     used to position text without mplabels.
+
+  -- \hgridlines{<yspace>}: like \gridlines, but draw only horizontal
+     lines. Similarly:  \vgridlines{<xspace>} .  All three commands now
+     draw their lines within the margins set by \axismargin and its
+     relatives.
+
+  -- \gridarcs{<dr>}: Like \plrgrid except only the arcs are drawn.
+     Similarly: \gridrays{<dtheta>}
+
+  -- Enhanced \barchart: the data can be ordered pairs that specifiy a
+     _both_ ends of the bar (Gantt diagrams).
+
+  -- Almost all commands that set or change an mfpic variable or value
+     now arrange for the change to be global when outside an mfpic
+     environment, unconstrained by other groups, but local when inside.
+     The main exceptions are \store and \patharr, which need to be
+     inside a picture to work at all and so are always global. There may
+     be other exceptions.
+
+  -- Some backward incompatibilities have been introduced; the above
+     changes in scope is the main one. Also: a permitted but
+     undocumented syntax in \plottext is no longer permitted. Points and
+     symbols are drawn in pointcolor, where in the past the filled
+     symbols were drawn in fillcolor and unfilled symbols in drawcolor.
+
+  -- All old commands have been reexamined and most rewritten or
+     tweaked. All known bugs have been removed. (Unknown bugs might well
+     have been increased.)
+
+
+This distribution, the latest updates, and some past versions, should also be
+available at my web site:
+<http://comp.uark.edu/~luecking/tex/mfpic.html>.
+
+--
+Dan Luecking  <luecking at uark dot edu>
+Department of Mathematical Sciences
+University of Arkansas
+Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701-1201
+U.S.A.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/changes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/changes.txt
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+%%% File: changes.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+
+                            Changes History.
+
+VERSION 0.0.x:
+
+Development versions.  Never released.
+
+
+VERSION 0.1:
+
+First version released to network, 30 June 1992.
+
+
+VERSION 0.1.x:
+
+Test versions for new features, fixes, etc. None of them
+were released for general distribution. Many new features added, bugs
+worked out, code cleaned up.
+
+
+VERSION 0.2:
+
+Second version released to network, 7 Sept. 1992. (Still had 0.1.13.1
+version number in code---oops!)
+
+
+VERSIONS 0.2.x:
+
+Resumed serious development of TeX code:  Sun 7 Nov. 1993. Much work
+done on graphbase code in meantime, especially by Geoffrey Tobin.  The
+primary task at this point was a radical rewrite of the TeX code,
+including defining a prefix form for shading macros.
+
+
+VERSION 0.2.5 of Wed 10 Nov. 1993:
+
+Bug fix release  Primarily work by Geoffrey Tobin.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.(5.0.)9 of Mon 28 Feb. 1994:
+
+Intended to release as version 0.3 to network. Release delayed, as
+picture operator code is overhauled to cope with arbitrary overlays:  11
+Mar. 1994.
+
+Horizontal offset by unwanted glue is traced to missing comment
+characters:  Fri 29 Apr. 1994.
+
+Vertical displacement of shading reported for MF modes with
+nonrectangular pixels:  Mon 23 May 1994.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.5.1 of Wed 13 July 1994:
+
+Bug fix release  Corrected  "unxconv"  bug which remained in version
+0.2.5's  graphbase.mf.
+
+
+Alpha Test Versions.
+
+VERSION 0.2.9 Alpha of Thu 11 August 1994:
+
+A test release prior to any official version 0.3, is ready for intrepid
+users. Introduces coordinate transforms, and other novelties.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.1 Alpha} of Thu 8 September 1994: Fixes a bug in \sclosed
+and a bug in \white, corrects some omissions and typos in the
+documentation, and adds the \shadewd, \hatchwd, \lhatch and \rhatch
+macros.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.2 Alpha of Fri 24 February 1995: Rearranges some code in
+mfpic.tex; little else to report.
+
+In 0.2.9.3 Alpha of Thu 21 March 1995:
+
+GT renamed \fill to \gfill, in order to avoid conflict with the LaTeX
+\fill macro.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.4 Alpha of Thu 13 April 1995:
+
+Contributes a test for an existing definition of each macro in
+mfpic.tex,
+
+Renaming of \label to \tlabel, and \caption to \tcaption, in order to
+avoid conflict with the LaTeX macros with those names.
+
+\white was renamed to \gclear, because \white is a likely name for a
+color macro.
+
+Also, a new macro for defining Metafont functions was introduced,
+because user-defined functions provide more power, and function plotting
+macros were added that accept Metafont function names instead of
+Metafont expressions.
+
+Renaming of graphbase.mf and graphdoc.tex to grafbase.mf and grafdoc.tex
+to emphasise incompatible upgrade of mfpic Metafont macros, and to
+provide $8+3$ filenames for ms-dos users.
+
+Added \hbox{} to start of \mfpic, for some now forgotten reason to do
+with formatting, I suppose.
+
+VERSION 0.2.9.5 Alfa of Wed 19 July 1995:
+
+Replaces TeX dimensions by font dimensions for economy.
+
+Renames  \mfcmd  to  \mfsrc  for clarity.
+
+Renames  \wedge  to  \sector  to avoid conflict with the character name
+defined in plain TeX and LaTeX.
+
+Introduces  \mftitle,  \tmtitle  and  \plr.
+
+Abolishes  \plrpoint,  \plrlines,  \plrcurve  and  \plrcyclic  as
+redundant specializations. The meaning of  \turtle  is changed to a
+Cartesian form, for flexibility.
+
+Changed  objects.tex  to use  \tmtitle,  \plr,  \mfsrc,  \gfill,
+\gclear,  \tlabel,  and  \tcaption.
+
+Rendering macros redesigned, and  \setrender  introduced. Coordinate
+transforms in  grafbase.mf  made slightly more robust. Begin an attempt
+to make  grafbase.mf  compatible with John Hobby's MetaPost drawing
+program.
+
+Added comment in  grafbase.mf  about dangers of text arguments,
+
+Updated the documentation files  grafdoc.tex,  Acknowl.tex,  README2,
+MANIFEST  and  mfpicdoc.tex.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.6 Alfa of Mon 24 July 1995:
+
+Contributes  \thatch  which provides hatching by lines at any angle.
+
+Modifications to  \pen,  \shadewd  and  \hatchwd,  along with changes to
+grafbase.mf  to make drawing, shading and hatching more independent.
+
+Decided that the behavior of  \point  inside a connect environment was
+bizarre, hazardous, and an unnecessary complication to the mfpic macros,
+so  \point  has reverted to its original, obvious and simple definition.
+
+Renamed  \rotate  to  \rotatepath.
+
+Also renamed the affine transform macros, so that they no longer use the
+`s'  of the present tense, which could be mistaken for a plural. (The
+sample files did not hitherto use the affine transform macros, so the
+damage may be slight.)
+
+Modified  grafbase.mf  to use a transform stack to implement local
+Metafont coordinate systems; this may be more robust, and extensible to
+other graphic localizations.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.7 alfa, Fri 18 August 1995:
+
+Changes to  pictures.tex:
+
+Replaced version from "0.2.9.1 alpha  Thu 8 September 1994" to
+"0.2.9.7 alfa  Sat 5 August 1995".
+
+Added a comment containing an ASCII sketch of the commutative diagram
+example, and indicated where each arc is drawn.
+
+Replaced all uses of  \label  by  \tlabel,  \caption  by  \tcaption,
+\fill  by  \gfill,  \wedge  by  \sector.
+
+Added some uses of  \mftitle.
+
+Moved one arrow in the commutative diagram, to illustrate the  b
+option of the  \arrow  command.
+
+Simplified Metafont algebraic expressions used in function plots, so
+that they use fewer  *  operators.
+
+Edited the example of  \turtle  to allow for the new semantics of
+rectangular coordinates.
+
+Captioned all eight figures, with figure numbers and descriptions.
+
+Deleted an instance of  "\vfill\eject".
+
+Increased the complexity of the seventh figure, to illustrate use of
+hatching, closing, point, dotted curves, and so forth.
+
+Made figures seven and eight twice as large.
+
+
+Changes to lapictures.tex:
+
+Renamed version from "0.2.9.1 alpha  Thu 8 September 1994" to
+"0.2.9.7 alfa  Thu 17 August 1995".
+
+Magnified the LaTeX pictures document to the same scale as the plain TeX
+one, using the  \mag  command.
+
+Set  \fboxsep  to zero.
+
+Initialized arrow heads using  \headshape.
+
+Commented out the center environment around the commutative diagram
+example.
+
+Placed  \fbox  commands around each picture.
+
+Other changes as in  pictures.tex.
+
+
+Extensive changes to  grafbase.mf:
+
+Turned  warningcheck  off.
+
+Used an explicit  designsize.
+
+Debugging refined.
+
+Rearranged some code.
+
+Made  ClipOn  boolean (instead of numeric).
+
+Added  maparr  macro.
+
+Eliminated mistake of using  hround  in graph-to-pixel coordinate
+transformation.
+
+Remarked that clipping can distort paths by changing their points.
+
+Tried to clip on character boundary.
+
+Added Metafont vector coordinate transform, to complement affine
+transform for geometric points.
+
+Write message when drawing nominal Metafont bounding box.
+
+Changed  beginmfpic  Metafont macro to take only the character code as
+an argument.
+
+Introduced global Metafont transform stack, for coordinate changes.
+
+Replaced  currentpen  by  drawpen  in path stroking.
+
+Changed  ourfill  and  ourunfill  to use an undelimited path argument.
+
+Added  setdotpath,  ourdot.
+
+Changed  onedot  to use  dotpath  instead of a scaled shape path.
+
+Edited  tightbbox  and  bbox  to take a path described in pixel
+coordinates as their first argument, instead of one in graph
+coordinates.
+
+Added tbbox.
+
+Did some more saving of local variables in Metafont functions.
+
+Deleted  lhatchf  and  rhatchf.
+
+Added  thatchf,  thatch,  hhatch  and  xhatch.
+
+Rewrote  lhatch  and  rhatch  to use  thatch.
+
+Edited  dotted,  renamed it  dashed.
+
+Added a separate  dotted  Metafont macro.
+
+Changed  head  from a  def  to a  vardef;  edited  head  to clarify its
+code.
+
+Altered axis tic mark macros,  xmarks  and  ymarks  to ensure that the
+tic marks are always at right angles to their axes, irrespective of
+coordinate transforms.
+
+Added a  grid  command.
+
+Renamed  mkellipse  to  ellipse,  deleted old  ellipse.
+
+Renamed  mkarc  to  arc.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.8 alfa, Mon 11 September 1995:
+
+Added to Acknowl.tex.
+
+
+In  mfpic.tex:
+
+Add comment about use of  \ignorespaces  to skip spaces in user's
+document after  \mfpic  command.
+
+Retain line separations of user's document's  mfpic  environment when
+writing Metafont file.  This prevents long Metafont commands from
+exceeding Metafont's input buffer.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.9 alfa, Thu 5 October 1995:
+
+In  mfpicdoc.tex:
+
+changed  \wedge  references to  \sector,  and  \rotateabout  to
+\rotatearound.
+
+Added some logical formatting commands to  mfpicdoc.tex.
+
+Included much more information about recent changes (from 0.2.9.1 to
+0.2.9.8).
+
+
+In  mfpic.tex:
+
+Renamed  \@graph  to  \@graphfont  for  identifiability.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.10 alfa, Fri 6 October 1995:
+
+In  grafbase.mf:
+
+Deleted spurious argument to  \xyswap.
+
+Changed  \store  to take two arguments, and to logically bracket the
+second, which is the path description.
+
+
+UPDATE 0.2.9.11 alfa, Fri 24 November 1995:
+
+In  grafbase.mf:
+
+Fixed X-coordinate rounding bug in  thatchf.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.0 alfa, Wed 17 January 1996:
+
+In  mfpic.tex  and  grafbase.mf:
+
+Changed names of five Metafont macros:  xslanted,  yslanted,  zslanted,
+boosted,  and  xyswapped  to  xslant,  yslant,  zslant,  boost,  xyswap.
+
+
+In  grafbase.mf:
+
+Replaced my dash and dot code by Frank Michielsen's, modified to use
+suffix arguments instead of text for l-values.
+
+Also, the  dotsize  argument to  dotted  is now effective.
+
+Deleted the unused  ourdraw,  ourfill,  ourunfill  macros.
+
+Simplified the  dotpath  and  onedot  initialization code; it was too
+baroque.
+
+Added a  pixdot  macro as a shorthand for  picdot(active_plane,onedot,p).
+
+Replaced the  apoint (w, a)  macro by  bpoint (w, b)  which is a
+shorthand for  fullcircle scaled w shifted b.
+
+Gratuitously added Bruce Leban's overlay macros from the METAFONTbook,
+page 295.
+
+Cosmetic reformatting of source.
+
+
+In Acknowl.tex:
+
+Add Frank Michielsen's name.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.1 alfa, Thu 18 January 1996:
+
+In  grafbase.mf:
+
+Fixed wrong declaration in  dotted  of  dp  from  path  to  pair.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.2 alfa, Tue 23 January 1996:
+
+Editing to restore compatibility with older  graphbase.mf  versions used
+with xfig's (actually, transfig's  fig2dev's) mf  driver  (genmf.c).
+
+
+In  mfpic.tex:
+
+Edited writing of setting of Metafont variables  xscale  and  yscale  to
+omit factor of  unitlen.
+
+Changed references to  drawwd  to  penwd  in  \drawpen.
+
+
+In  grafbase.mf:
+
+Add declarations and initializations of these variables:  unitlen,
+xscale,  yscale,  xneg,  xpos,  yneg,  ypos.
+
+Renamed  drawwd  to its former name,  penwd.
+
+Again made  penwd,  hdwdr,  hdten  into newinternal variables, and
+assign them using  interim.
+
+Definition of  ztr  now includes  unitlen  as a factor in the x and y
+scaling.
+
+mfpicenv  and  endmfpicenv  defined as empty statements.
+
+bounds defined for setting  xneg,  xpos,  yneg,  ypos.
+
+beginchar  now includes  unitlen.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.3 alfa, Tue 6 February 1996:
+
+In  mfpicdoc.tex:
+
+Updated documentation to cover to  \dotted,  \dotsize  and  \dotspace
+on the one hand, and  \dashed,  \dashlen  and  \dashspace  on the other.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.4 alfa, Mon 26 February 1996:
+
+In mfpic.tex:
+
+Let internal  \sim@gdef  (simple global definition) stand for  \gdef.
+
+Added  \newgdef  for new global definitions with a test for previous
+definition.
+
+Replaced use of  \obeylines  by  \mfpicobeylines,  to use  \endgraf  instead
+of  \par,  because LaTeX(2e) redefines  \par  with unpleasant effects on
+Metafont files when using LaTeX's center environment.  (To wit, LaTeX's
+center environment would write  \@@par  to the Metafont file.
+
+Defined  \preservelines  to call  \mfpicobeylines  then set
+\newlinechar  to  control-M  (carriage return).
+
+Use  \preservelines  in  \mfsrc,  thus bypassing (I hope) the mischief
+arising from LaTeX in the center environment.
+
+Wrapped replacement text of  \mfsrc  in a layer of braces.
+
+Added descriptive comments for  \tlabel  and  \tcaption.
+
+Set TeX's primitives  \leftskip  and  \rightskip  to zero dimension
+inside  \tcaption,  so as to protect typesetting of diagrams' captions
+from unwanted effects.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.5 alfa, Sat 9 March 1996:
+
+Minor reformatting of  mfpic.tex,  including adding spaces, adding
+comment characters at end of more lines, and renaming some internal
+register variables.
+
+Introduced  \polyline  as an alternative name for  \lines.
+
+In order to avoid repetition of side-effects, changed  \tcaption  to use
+\unhbox\@textbox,  instead of repeating its text argument.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.6 alfa, (two hours later) on Sat 9 March 1996:
+
+Updated  mfpic.tex  and documentation files to incorporate improvements
+by Dan Luecking:
+
+a loading check that automatically saves and restores the catcode of
+`@';
+
+the name of the graph base is now stored in a macro near the top of
+mfpic.tex;
+
+\leavevmode  is now moved [GT has, for now, commented it out
+completely];
+
+\polyline  introduced as a synonym for  \lines;  a  \polygon  figure
+has been introduced;
+
+\\  specifies explicit line breaks in tlabels and tcaptions;
+
+\onelevel  causes one level of expansion in an  \edef;
+
+\savepic  and  \copypic  allow saving, use and copying of an entire
+mfpic picture, including its tcaptions and tlabels.
+
+Also modified \tcaption code to prevent repeated use of the text
+argument, as that can cause side effects, as reported by Dennis
+Petrovic.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.7 alfa, Sat 28 March 1996:
+
+First release via Geoffrey Tobin's School's local anon ftp site:
+
+    ftp.ee.latrobe.edu.au : pub/gt/mfpic
+
+Added  skip-pix.tex  file, which tests whether TeX's  \leftskip
+primitive breaks up mfpic's typesetting of diagrams.  Fortunately, it
+seems not.
+
+
+REVISION 0.2.10.8 alfa, Tue 26 May 1996:
+
+Second, and bug fix, release via Geoffrey Tobin's anonymous ftp area.
+
+Due to change in syntax of  \store  to take the path command as a second
+argument (which made coding of  mfpic.tex  easier),  objects.tex  and
+part of  mfpicdoc.tex  needed to be amended. Reported by Miroslav Dont
+(Thu 16 May 1996).
+
+Descriptions of LaTeX environments clarified to emphasise that mfpic's
+plain TeX command names may be used in LaTeX.  This is useful to know
+when designing automatic code generators.  Reported by Van Snyder (Fri
+17 May 1996).
+
+Added hyphenation to  \MFbook  in documentation macro file  header.tex.
+
+Noticed that the method by which the line breaks in the TeX file are
+copied into the Metafont file can cause command arguments to be omitted
+from the Metafont file unless at least the left brace (immediately
+before the arguments) occurs on the same line as the command. Corrected
+objects.tex  to obey this restriction. Also noted this phenomenon in
+mfpicdoc.tex.  Effect reported by Miroslav Dont (Thu 16 May 1996).
+
+Updated  lapictures.tex  to LaTeX2e.
+
+Added LaTeX2e logo to  header.tex.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.0 alpha, 1998:
+
+Numbers jump a lot from here because I (Dan Luecking) have been lax in
+keeping track of changes. First version with support for Metapost.
+(Yes!)
+
+Translated  grafbase.mf  to  grafbase.mp,  retaining all(?)
+functionality.  Now any(?)  .mf  file created by a recent mfpic can be
+run through Metapost to produce a PostScript picture.  Lots of problems
+with Metapost capacity, especially with shading.  It is apparently a lot
+more memory intensive to hold thousands of circular paths in memory than
+hundreds of thousands of pixels.  Ultimately recoded the  grafbase.mp
+shading macros to simply calculate a gray colored fill.
+
+Added  grafbase  functions  sin,  cos,  and their inverses  invsin,
+etc., that compute in radian measure. Also  tan  and  cot.
+
+Wrote  mppicdoc.tex,  which can be TeX-ed alone or input from
+mfpicdoc.tex.  Should probably combine the two documents. Made small
+changes to  header.tex:  added logos for pdfTeX and pdfLaTeX. Changed
+The macros  \MF  and  \MP  to use small capitals. Minor modifications to
+\LaTeX  and  \LaTeXe
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.8 alpha, 1999:
+
+Color has been added. Standard colors for lines/curves  (drawcolor),
+fills  (fillcolor),  hatch patterns  (hatchcolor),  and arrowheads
+(headcolor)  added to  grafbase.mp.  Corresponding macros in  mppic.tex
+for setting these colors. Optional arguments for color added to  \gfill,
+\draw,  \arrow,  and all the hatching macros. A new macro  \polkadot
+creates polkadot fill patterns.
+
+Changed some of the commands for setting dimensions so that they
+actually worked, and so they are local to mfpic environments.
+
+Added support for LaTeX2e's  \usepackage  command and options. Added
+graphics inclusion code, summoning the following packages:  epsf  for
+plain TeX or LaTeX209,  graphics  for LaTeX2e and pdfLaTeX, the macro
+files  supp-pdf.tex  and  supp-mis.tex  from the ConTeXt distribution
+for plain \pdfTeX). Added code to detect which TeX format was in use.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.9 alpha, 2000:
+
+Altered almost all messages written to the log file or the terminal to
+announce they were from mfpic. Altered format detection code to test
+against both  \UndEfInEd  _and_  \relax  (lest some previous package
+convert certain commands to  \relax  using the  \csname  style test).
+Minor change to definition of  \circle  to avoid error messages in LaTeX.
+
+Changed the graphic placement code so that it tests for the existence of
+the graphic first (to avoid all those error messages from  epsf,
+graphics,  etc., on the first pass, or when Metapost fails to make a
+graphic).
+
+Tried to find and change code in  grafbase  where we could inadvertently
+divide by zero. Added another closure prefix  \uclosed  and its
+corresponding  grafbase  support, to close a path smoothly (meaning
+simply matching directions at both ends), but keep the original curve
+Unchanged. The current  (\sclosed  simply closes with  ..cycle  which
+alters the original curve.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.10 alpha, 2000:
+
+Put mfpic version, date and package name into macros for use in
+messages. Decided the package name is "mfpic" if it is input as
+mfpic.tex  or  mfpic.sty,  otherwise  mppic,  regardless of whether the
+metafont  or  metapost  option is used. There are four files
+m[fp]ic.[sty,tex],  which simply set the package name and input
+mppic.tex  if necessary. Also put this version and date info into
+strings in  grafbase.mf.
+
+Added changes contributed by Jaromir Kuben (Thanks!): An option
+centercaptions  and command  \centercaptions  to center the lines in a
+\tcaption.  Also  \nocentercaptions;  these can be used at any point to
+turn the feature on and off. Improvements (corrections?) to the code
+that positions text labels (so that) labels that extend outside the
+picture are correctly taken into account. Changes to the positioning
+parameters in  \tlabel.  Both  c  and  b  now take into account the
+depth of the text  b  puts the absolute bottom of the text in line with
+the point.  A new parameter  B  to align the baseline of the text with
+the point. Jaromir also contributed several corrections to grafbase.mp
+(mostly inadvertently introduced by me, DHL).
+
+Added option  dvipsnames  to allow color names as in the dvips header
+color.pro.  Requires file  dvipsnam.mp.  Added  grafbase.mp  macros:
+cmyk,  RGB,  gray  and  rgb  to convert from the indicated color space
+to Metapost's internal color space (which is  rgb,  so the last is a
+no-op).  In plain TeX the command  \dvipsnames  can be used in the
+preamble (before  \opengraphsfile).
+
+Added macro  \ConTeXt  to  header.tex,  a macro  \opt  for style of
+LaTeX2e option names. Changed  \prog  to typeset its argument in
+sans serif font. Changed  \tmtitle  in  mppic.tex  so it _doesn't_ ignore
+following spaces (it ended with  \mftitle  which invokes  \ignorespaces).
+
+Added functions  tanh,  its inverse  atanh,  and additional trig
+functions  secd,  sec,  cscd,  csc,  atan,  invtan.  Made  log  a
+synonym for  ln.  Added complex variables functions  Arg,  cis,  zexp
+and  Log.
+
+Changed all trig, hyperbolic,  exp,  log,  etc, to use syntax "vardef
+<name> primary X"  so as to match (I hope) as close as possible the
+behavior of the built-in  sind  and  cosd.
+
+Changed  \do@ptparami  so that it does not strip too many braces. This
+was done by changing the line  \redef\@ptparami  to be parameterless
+(delaying the reading of the optional parameter). The old code read the
+optional parameter, replaced it, then read it again. This strips two
+levels of braces, making two levels of bracing necessary to hide an
+enclosed bracket:
+  \draw[{{\color[cmyk]{1,1,0,0}}}]...
+(Such use of LaTeX color macros has not yet been added, but might be one
+day.) This strategy is closer to LaTeX's optional parameter handling
+technique.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.11 alpha, 2000:
+
+Added  \plot  (usage \plot[<size>,<separation>]{<shape>}...) similar to
+\dotted  except:
+1) explicit shape required (shapes  Triangle,  Square,  Circle,  Plus,
+   Cross,  Star,  SolidTriangle,  SolidSquare,  SolidCircle).
+2) initial size and separation are  2pt  and  5pt.
+3) Size is governed by  \plotsymbolsize,  and separation by
+   \plotsymbolspace.  The dimension  \plotsymbolsize  corresponds
+   roughly to the _average_ diameter of the shape.
+
+Added code to  mkfcn  and  parafcn  so that the end of the curve falls
+on the given endpoint (even if  bst  doesn't go evenly into  bmax-bmin).
+Also ensure the loop parameter doesn't exceed infinity. Also avoid
+problems if the sign of  bmax-bmin  differs from that of bst.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.12 alpha, 2000:
+
+Save and restore catcodes of certain punctuation  (@.,:;!?{}`'=/-  and
+parentheses), as well as spaces, setting punctuation to 12 while reading
+mppic.tex  to ensure the right stuff gets written to the  .log  and  .mp
+files.
+
+Added macro  \datafile  to read a file of number pairs and create the
+polygonal path connecting them. Works like the other figure macros
+(i.e., may take any prefixes).
+
+Added options  clip  (to clip all pictures to the specified dimensions),
+truebbox  (to give the metapost output file the true bounding box rather
+than the one specified in the  \mfpic  arguments), and  debug  (write
+debugging info to terminal and log file). Command forms:  \clipmfpic
+turns it on  \noclipmfpic  turns it off. Similarly, \usetruebbox  and
+\notruebbox.  For debug we can define  \mfpicdebug  before loading
+mfpic.tex  (which will turn on debugging information written prior to
+option processing), and in the rest of a source file,  \mfpicdebugtrue
+and  \mfpicdebugfalse  will switch it on and off.
+
+%%% Revised after here, adding spaces before and after code and math
+%%% removing blank lines, stray TeX markup, reformatting  paragraphs, etc.
+Changed names of various commands to a more imperative form:
+\usingmetapost  becomes  \usemetapost,  \usingmetafont  becomes
+\usemetafont,  \dvipsnames  becomes  \usedvipsnames,  etc. Also changed
+name of option  centercaptions  to  centeredcaptions.  Changed many
+internal names, prefixing most with  "mfp@",  inserting  "@mfp@"  in the
+\if...  commands.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.13 alpha, 2000:
+
+\datafile  rewritten, now ignores leading blank lines and comments, and
+won't gag on commented out EOLs. Code somewhat modularized.
+
+Went back to technique of expanding argument of  \tcaption  twice
+(caveat emptor).
+
+New command  \plotdata  reads a data file and draws one (polygonal) path
+for each non-blank sequence of lines in the data file. Exits when a pair
+of blank lines is encountered (or EOF). Cycles through six different
+drawing styles for successive curves. User may elect different colors
+(with  \coloredlines),  different symbols  (\pointedlines),  or
+different dashing patterns  (\dashedlines).  NOT a figure macro, (i.e.,
+no prefixes).
+
+New command  \using  affects what  \datafile  and  \plotdata  write to
+the  .mf  output.  Default is  \using{#1 #2 #3}{#1,#2},  meaning: of two
+or more space delimited numbers, write the first two separated by a
+comma.
+
+Brand new dashing and dotting code in grafbase. A complete
+reorganization of the code made dashing faster. That was followed by
+another reorganization and the  gendashed  (generalized dashes) command
+added to  grafbase.  Now any dashing pattern can be drawn. A dashing
+pattern,  ptrn,  consists of three arrays:  ptrn.start[],  ptrn.rep[],
+ptrn.finish[].  The command  gendashed (ptrn) p;  draws the path  p
+beginning with  ptrn.start,  repeating  ptrn.rep,  and ending with
+ptrn.finish.  The arrays are numeric and specify the lengths of dashes
+and gaps. A command
+    dashpat (suffix name) (text dims)
+takes a comma separated list dims, assigns them to the array  name.rep,
+and computes reasonable  name.start  and  name.finish.
+
+\gendashed{<pattern>}...  is a generalized dashing command;  <pattern>
+is the name of a dashing pattern.
+    \dashpat{<name>}{<dim1>,<dim2>,...,<dim2n>}
+will create a dashing pattern with the specified name. Here  <dim1>,
+etc., are dimensions specifying the length of dashes (odd positions) and
+the length of gaps (even positions). A dash length of 0 is written as a
+dot.  Patterns  dashtype0  through  dashtype5  are predefined and used by
+\plotdata  when  \dashedlines  is selected.
+
+Commented out several macros in  grafbase  that were never used
+elsewhere, and also some that were only used once (replacing that use by
+the replacement text). I haven't done any comparisons, but for the macro
+dotted,  avoiding two expansions out of four (what it used to take to
+draw a dot) might be a significant time saving when thousands of dots
+are being drawn.
+
+Added a couple of rounding commands to the  .mf  shading code. All dots
+now pixel aligned, looks infinitely better.
+
+Corrections to  mkfcn  and  parafcn,  they could still have overshot the
+value of  bmax.
+
+Removed all spaces (commenting out EOL's) in  mppic.tex.  It can now be
+\input  in horizontal mode without generating any spaces (even without
+switching to  \nullfont).  Removed  \nullfont.
+
+Changed some more internal names.  Added  Diamond  and  SolidDiamond  to
+the symbols available to  \plot  and  \plotsymbol.
+
+At some point (perhaps this or the last revision) I added a command
+\fcncurve  that draws a function (i.e., curve doesn't double back) if
+the x-values are unique and listed in order. It has an optional
+tension-like argument. Added an optional tension parameter to  \curve,
+also.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.14 alpha, 2000:
+
+Added  \@@tlabel  to write label text to output file between  btex  and
+etex.  Added  mplabels  to make  \tlabel  use it instead of original
+\@tlabel.  Commands  \usemplabels  and  \nomplabels  to turn the option
+on and off. Added third part to the optional argument of  \tlabel  to
+rotate the text (ignored in  \@tlabel)  so  \tlabel[Bl45]  will place
+the left baseline at the point and rotate 45 degrees around that point.
+
+New macro  \mfpdatacomment  so that  \datafile  and  \plotdata  can now
+have their comment character reset. A side effect is that  `%'s  in the
+data file will be recognized. Commands  \makepercentother  and
+\makepercentcomment  created to allow the user to use  `%'  in  \using
+arguments.
+
+Gave  \plotdata  the ability to cycle through 8 colors or 9 symbols
+(instead of only 6), but still only 6 dash patterns. (Too many makes for
+confusion. Only increased colors and symbols because it was so easy.)
+
+Added framing macro. On the first TeX run (indicated by nonexistence of
+.tfm  or  fig.1),  now show a visible rectangle of appropriate size with
+the figure number inside. For plain TeX users, the internal code is made
+available in the user level command  \framed[<fgap>]{...}. Parameters
+\framegap  and  \framethickness  control the default appearance.
+(Internal code for undefined figures uses  \framegap =-\framethickness
+so not to take up any extra space.)
+
+Added some error checking: when option  mplabels  is selected without
+metapost, issue error message and ignore.  Same when  \usemetapost  is
+used after  \opengraphsfile.  Remove  dvipsnames  option, making all
+dvips color names always available to mfpic.
+
+Multiple changes to documentation: Added  \GS  for Ghostscript and  \sc
+for small caps to  header.tex.  Folded all the new macros and their
+descriptions into  mfpicdoc.tex.  Still keeping  mppicdoc.tex  for more
+detail on differences between the Metafont and Metapost support.
+
+Made some small additions to  MFobjs.tex  and  MPobjs.tex  to better
+illustrate some new features.  Adjusted  pictures.tex  and
+lapictures.tex  so they produce the same output and no overfull boxes.
+Changed  TeXMPobjs.tex  and  LTXMPobjs.tex  so that they work better in
+pdfTeX and pdfLaTeX, resetting  \pdfpageheight  and  \pdfpagewidth  (which
+otherwise get magnified by  \mag=1200).
+
+Replaced  curves.dat  with  curves1.dat  and  curves2.dat  to better
+show features of  \plotdata.
+
+Changed the default for  \using  to  \using{#1 #2 #3}{(#1,#2)},
+(redundant parentheses).
+
+Added  \fdef,  which seemed to be documented, but not defined!  Changed
+the format slightly and adjusted the documentation to reflect that.
+
+Changed  \savepic:  Now use  \newpic{\foo}  to allocate a box,
+\savepic{\foo}  to store the next picture, and  \usepic{\foo}  to copy
+it. Now more like LaTeX's system of save boxes.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.15 alpha, 2000:
+
+In  grafbase,  changed  secd  and  cscd  so that  abs(temp) <
+nottoosmall is tested instead of  temp  itself (which was incorrect when
+temp < -nottoosmall).  Renamed  dashed  to  DASHED  to make primitive
+dashed  available to power users. Added some error checking to dashing
+code. Added  save  in several places in  *fcn  commands.  Changed
+hatching code in  grafbase.mp  so that all (even those not used by mfpic)
+respect  hatchcolor.
+
+Redefined  parafcn  so it can call  mkfcn  like all the other function
+drawing commands.
+
+Added  \mfpverbtex  to write  verbatimtex  block to  .mp  file.
+
+Changed a few  \newdef-s  and  \newlets  to  \def  and  \let  to keep
+ConTeXt from complaining. Affected commands are  \rotate,  \mirror,
+\scale  and  \grid.  Changed code for date written to output file for
+same reason.
+
+Changed  \newpic  to  \newsavepic  to more closely parallel LaTeX's
+\newsavebox  command.
+
+Allow plotting of a number in a data file against its sequence position
+with  \using{...}{...\sequence...}.
+
+Rename  \mf@gobble  to  \mfp@gobble.  Move the definition of  \newdef
+earlier and use it more (didn't catch any new conflicts).
+
+Changed  \rotatepath  from a  \@modmac  to a  \@closmac  (even though it
+doesn't close anything), because that makes its behavior vis-a-vis
+rendering more in line with what one might expect. Actually, closing and
+rotating both simply accept a path, change it, and pass the result on.
+So both should be handled the same.
+
+Added contributed macro \pointdef:  \pointdef{A}(1,3)  makes  \A  expand
+to  (1,3),  with  \Ax  and  \Ay  expanding
+to  1  and  3,  respectively.
+
+Provide a directory structure to the distribution. Rename file mppic.tex
+to  mfpic.tex  and provide files  mppic.tex,  mfpic.sty,  and  mppic.sty
+as wrappers to input it.  Made Metapost the default when  mppic.*  are
+used.
+
+Add some error correction to  dashpat:  force an even number of
+dimensions.
+
+
+REVISION 0.3.16 alpha, 2000:
+
+In grafbase:
+
+Change name of  glabel  (in  grafbase.mp)  to  gblabel  so as not to
+conflict with  glabel  from  graph.mp  in the standard Metapost
+distribution. Adjusted  mfpic.tex  accordingly.
+
+Correct the change to  dashpat  made in 0.3.15: don't force dashing when
+there are fewer than 2 dimensions in the list. Instead, this is the
+signal to draw a solid curve.
+
+Save the variables  dashes  and  dots  used in the macros  DASHED  and
+dotted.
+
+Uncomment three macros commented out in 0.3.13:  tightbbox,  tbbox  and
+bbox.  Though these are not used in any other macro, but they might
+nevertheless be useful to users of grafbase.
+
+Change the  dashtype[]  arrays that mix dots and dashes so they begin
+with a dot.  This will produce a dot at the ends of the curve. This just
+looks better than a partial dash.
+
+Added  unbound.tex  updating mfpic info in "TeX Unbound".
+
+Restored  mf-revu.tex,  somewhat altering its formatting and correcting a
+TeX error.
+
+Changed  \endconnect  so it tests for its use in LaTeX as an
+environment and if so issues  \aftergroup\@startfigtrue  and
+\aftergroup\@imrendtrue  to bypass the LaTeX-supplied  \endgroup.
+Added a similar test to  \endmfpic  to set  \@ignoretrue.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.0 beta, Aug 2000:
+
+Released to CTAN. Removed  mppic.*,  package is named  mfpic  regardless
+of whether MF or MP support is needed.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.01 beta, Nov/Dec 2000:
+
+Sergei V. Znamenskii reported (and mostly solved) an incompatibility
+with AmSTeX using  amsppt  style if  mfpic.tex  is input after the
+\documentstyle[amsppt]  command.  The file  amstex.tex  loads the dummy
+font, setting 22 font dimensions. Then  amsppt.sty  loads some more fonts.
+It appears that if font loading intervenes,  mfpic.tex  cannot add extra
+font dimension parameters to dummy to use with  \newfdim.  Solved by
+changing
+  \font\@dummy=dummy
+to
+  \font\@dummy=dummy scaled 1002
+in  mfpic.tex
+
+Also corrected code that purported to detect LaTeX when in fact AmSTeX
+was in use.
+
+Added documentation of a bug in  supp-pdf.tex  which requires
+\usemetapost  (as well as  \usepackage[metapost]{mfpic})  to come before
+\usepackage[french]{babel}  when running pdfLaTeX. The conflict was
+reported by Pascal Chantriaux.
+
+Changed  \tmtitle  and  \mftitle  so they read the argument as a token
+list and write it to  .mf  file and  .log  file without expansion. Simple
+things like  "\'"  expand to quite long expressions in LaTeX2e.
+
+Added commands  \MFPdebugwrite  (to write its argument only in presence
+of debug option),  \MFPmsg  (as a synonym for  \immediate\write16)  and
+\MFPICmsg  (to write its argument preceded by "MFpic: ".
+
+Added  \restoreCODE to shorten all the lines in  \mfpic-package  that
+restore the category codes of punctuation.
+
+Added a few new debug lines in response to previous failure to detect
+\AmSTeX.
+
+Rewrote  \mfp@now  (which generates a time-stamp for the output file) to
+use only 2  \count  registers instead of three.
+
+Added  \dimendef\mfp@scratch=255  for scratch use instead having
+\dimen255  hard coded. This will make changes easier should use of
+\dimen255  cause any problem.
+
+Added  \penwd  as a synonym for  \pen  (to be more in line with
+\shadewd,  etc.).
+
+Removed redundant parentheses from default \using.
+
+Changed internal command  \mfp@rwdata,  which is responsible for reading
+and writing in the  \datafile  and  \plotdata  commands, so that it
+outputs
+  polyline (false)((x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2),...,(x_n,y_n));
+instead of
+  (x_1,y_1)--(x_2,y_2)--...--(x_n,y_n);
+The intent is to have a better interface if ever we get 3D support
+started.  For example,  polyline  calls  textpairs  which processes the
+list of coordinates. In a hypothetical 3D environment, we'd need to
+change only  \using  to write triples, and then  textpairs  could choose
+to run some command that processes triples instead of pairs.
+
+Changed use of  \unpreservelines  in  \plotdata,  etc., to the expicit
+resetting of the category of ascii 13 (which was its only purpose
+anyway).
+
+Added macros  \xaxis[<hlen>]  and  \yaxis[<hlen>]  with the obvious
+meanings. Plan on adding something like  \leftaxis,  \bottomaxis,  etc.,
+with changes to  \xmarks  and  \ymarks  for putting tics on them.
+(Haven't figured out the best interface yet.)
+
+Added some new error messages. Rewrote almost all error messages, adding
+linebreaks. Added command  \mfp@errmsg  to format error messages and set
+the  \errhelp  tokens.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.02 beta, Jan 2001:
+
+Backward comparability was inadvertently destroyed when  \curve  was
+given an optional parameter and the definition of curve in  grafbase.m?
+was changed.  Any  .mf  file created by using  \curve  with an older
+version of mfpic would give curve the wrong number of parameters for the
+new  grafbase  files. I renamed the new curve to  tcurve  and gave  curve
+a definition equivalent to its old one.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.03 beta, Feb 2001:
+
+Corrected a typo in  vardef thegblabel:  had  zz  for a parameter, but
+used  z  in the replacement text. I am surprised  \tlabel  _ever_ worked
+when the  mplabels  option was selected.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.04 beta, Mar 2001:
+
+Added  \smoothdata[<tension>]  to cause  \datafile  and  \plotdata  to
+draw smooth curves with optional tension setting. And  \unsmoothdata  to
+restore the default.
+
+Changed  \pointedlines  to work as documented (causing  \plotdata  to
+issue the equivalent of  \plot{<symbol>})  and added  \datapointsonly to
+behave as it used to (causing  \plotdata  to issue the equivalent of
+\plotnodes,  plotting only the data points).
+
+Some documentation changes: added info that something like
+\xmarks{-4 step 2 until 6}  is valid.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.05 beta, Mar 2001:
+
+Changed  vc=vt;  to  vc:=vt;  in function  clipsto.  When used on an
+array of paths, the original caused an "Inconsistent equation" error
+on the second iteration. Fortunately, this does not come up in mfpic
+except for very advanced users.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.10 beta, May 2001:
+
+Renamed  \fileversion  and  \filedate  to  \mfpfileversion  and
+\mfpfiledate to avoid name clashes with other packages. Most packages
+only use these macros for messages while loading, but mfpic writes the
+information as a header comment in the output file
+
+Added  \mfp@ifnextchar,  a clone of LaTeX's  \@ifnextchar,  and
+redefined the macros  \do@ptparam  and  \alt@ptparam  in terms of it.
+Copied LaTeX's code to eat one space after a command into the macro
+\eatspacedef.
+
+Added  \mfp@delim  as an all-purpose argument delimiter. For debugging
+purposes, its definition is to issue an error message saying it
+shouldn't ever be triggered.
+
+Slight rewrite of  \mfp@now  and  \mfp@today.
+
+Renamed  \framed  and related macros by prefixing  mfp  or  mfp@.  Some
+formats and packages (ConTeXt, for example) have a  \framed  macro. Now
+\mfpframed  _can_ be used, and  _must_ be used if  \framed  already
+exists (as in ConTeXt).  Replaced   \framegap   and  \framethickness
+with  \mfpframegap  and  \mfpframethickness.  If  \framed  is already
+defined, the old version is kept and the user may not get the effect
+described.
+
+Slight change to what is printed in the  .dvi  file when a mfpic detects
+that Metafont or Metapost has not been run, or the figure is absent.
+
+New  dimensions:  \tlabel@hadj,  \tlabel@vadj  and  \tlabel@sep  for
+shifting  \tlabel  text. The first is a horizontal adjustment, the second
+vertical, added to every label. The third shifts the label directly away
+from the point of placement (unless optional argument  "[Bc]"  or
+"[cc]"  is used).  A label is shifted by  \tlabel@sep  downward when the
+`t'  parameter is found, upward for  `b',  rightward for  `l'  and
+leftward for  `r'.  The first two dimensions can be set with a new macro
+\adjustlabels{<hadj>}{<vadj>}  (name later changed to  \tlabeljustify,
+and the third with  \tlabelsep{<dimen>}.  Need to do it this way because
+under  mplabels  they need to write the information to the output file.
+
+Added  \expandafter  before  \@render\fi  in several places.  This now
+appears not to be needed, but the  \fi  following  \@render  caused
+problems with some experimental versions of optional argument handling.
+
+Added the following macros for drawing axes along the borders of the
+picture:
+ \leftaxis
+ \rightaxis
+ \topaxis
+ \bottomaxis
+ \bottomleftaxes
+ \borderaxes
+ \leftaxisshift
+ \rightaxisshift
+ \topaxisshift
+ \bottomaxisshift
+The first four draw the appropriate axis (no head by default), the last
+four set an amount (in graph units) to shift the axis inward.
+
+For tick marks we have:
+  \lmarks
+  \rmarks
+  \tmarks
+  \bmarks
+  \lmarksposition
+  \rmarksposition
+  \tmarksposition
+  \bmarksposition
+  \xmarksposition
+  \ymarksposition
+The first four set the positions (and optionally size) of the tick marks
+on the corresponding axis, the next six determine if the marks are
+centered, or on one side of the axis. They take an argument which must
+be one of  inside,  outside,  centered,  ontop,  onbottom,
+onleft,  or  onright.  For side axes the default is  inside,  while
+for x- and y-axes it is  centered.
+
+For arrowheads on the side axis we have  \sideaxishead  which takes a
+dimension argument and sets the length of the arrowhead. To turn heads
+off again set the length to  0pt.
+
+Added  \gridlines  to draw a regular grid of lines. It's syntax is the
+same as that of  \grid.  Changed the behavior of  \grid  so that instead
+of starting at the left and bottom, it draws the grid centered on the
+origin of the graph coordinates.
+
+Changed most of the \if-tests so that if an incorrect optional parameter
+is used, the default behavior will be seen. For example,  \function
+takes an optional argument of  [s]  or  [p]  with  s  the default.  The
+code had been:
+  \if ##1s true\else false\fi
+and I changed it to
+  \if ##1p false\else true\fi
+so for the typographical error  \function[o],  the user will get the effect
+of the default  s.
+
+Added the command  \labeljustify  to change the default justification
+of text labels. For example,  \labeljustify[cr]  makes the default
+[cr]  instead of  [Bl].
+
+When  truebbox  is in effect, but mfpic detects that Metapost has not
+been run,  truebbox  is turned off for each picture. Before, this was
+global, now it is local (so that it doesn't affect a new  \opengraphsfile
+command, even though mfpic does not officially support more than one
+\opengraphsfile  commands per file).
+
+Added the command  \tlabels  (note the plural). It has one mandatory
+argument which contains a concatenation of arguments for one or more
+\tlabel  commands. These arguments may (but need not be) separated by
+spaces or new-lines.
+
+Replaced all occurrences of  \@labeldim,  which had been  \let  equal to
+\mfp@scratch,  to the explicit control sequence  \mfp@scratch.  This was
+to avoid confusion that could have been caused by changing one of them,
+not realizing they should be the same.
+
+
+REVISIONs 0.4.11--15 beta, July 2001:
+
+Restored a lost backward comparability: I stored the (Metapost)
+primitive meaning of  dashed  in the command  dashed_  and made  dashed
+synonymous with  DASHED.  Power users will have to use dashed_  if they
+wish to invoke that primitive after loading  grafbase.mp
+
+Added  \MFPICwarn  in addition to  \MFPICmsg  and  \mfp@errmsg.  Added
+"MFpic error: " to the front of all mfpic generated error messages.
+Introduced  \on@line  (from LaTeX) to place the line number in warnings.
+
+Removed many more spaces and eols from  mfpic.tex  (lest it be input
+with spaces or eols active).  Added some spaces between a command and
+`!'  lest the latter have category 11.
+
+Changed name of  \restoreCODE  (and others) to  \MFPrestorecode  (etc.)
+after running across a package which defined  \restorecode.  Introduced
+\@xp  (from AMSLaTeX) for  \expandafter.  Removed saving of the current
+font as  \@torig,  since we no longer change to \nullfont.
+
+Added test for equality to  \relax  in  \testdef.  Removed  \newlet
+(later put it back),  \sim@def  and  \sim@gdef  as they are not used (any
+longer). The latter two were used once each and those were changed.
+
+Changed handling of  \if@mfp@metafont  and  \if@mfp@metapost  to ensure
+they are kept mutually exclusive. Changed handling of
+\@if@mfp@beforefileopen  from a simple  \if...\else...\fi  to saving the
+alternatives in a macro and then issuing the macro after the test.
+Changed  \mfp@clip  to make it global if issued before  \opengraphsfile.
+Redid  \mfp@truebbox  to ensure it is global, but leave an out so that
+\@mfp@truebboxtrue/false  could be set locally.  Made similar
+changes to  mplabels.
+
+Removed  \unpreservelines  from  \mfsrc  since grouping restores EOLs.
+Also made  \mfsrc  check that a  .mf/p  file has been opened.
+
+Removed the definition of  \mf@bsl  since it is not used (any longer).
+
+Delayed the definition of  \mfp@data  until  \@mfpic@graf@macs.
+Introduce the hook  \mfp@additions,  to be expanded last in
+\@mfpic@graf@macs.
+
+Changed the name of macro  \mfplinestyle  to  \mfplinetype and the
+\count  register  \mfp@linestyle  to  \mfp@linetype.
+Changed name of  \missinggraphfileerror  to  \nooutputfileerror.
+Changed name of  \adjustlabels  to  \tlabeloffset.
+Changed name of  \labeljustify  to  \tlabeljustify.
+
+Try to support multiline labels even in the case of mplabels by writing
+appropriate definition of  `\\'  to the  .mp.
+
+Changed definition of  \mfp@scratch  from  \dimension255  to a register
+defined by  \newdimen.
+
+Added ability to create a curve surrounding some text: macro
+\textboundary  creates a rectangle, with optionally rounded corners,
+\textoval  creates an ellipse with aspect ratio the same as the block of
+text,  \textellipse  creates an ellipse with a given aspect ratio,
+\textcircle  is  \textellipse  with aspect ratio of  1.  TeX measures
+the text and transmits the information to Metafont.
+
+New macro  \axislabels.  This takes a letter indicating the axis, an
+optional justification parameter (as in  \tlabel)  and a comma separated
+list of TeX text and numbers. The numbers indicating the position on the
+given axis to place the text. Since side axes may be offset from the
+edge of the graph, the utility  \mfp@addto  is used to add the boundary
+coordinate (one of the parameters of  \mfpic)  to the appropriate offset,
+returning the result in graph units for use in a  \tlabel  command. The
+default justification depends on the axis. It is chosen so that the text
+ends up outside the border axes, below the x-axis and left of the
+y-axis.
+
+Color additions: added  \tlabelcolor  and  grafbase  color variable
+tlabelcolor  to control color of Metapost placed text; added
+\backgroundcolor  to set the color variable  background,  the color used
+by  \gclear  and by all plain Metapost  unfill  operations. Had to
+rewrite the various color setting macros since, till now, all assumed
+the color variable name ended with the string  "color".
+
+Changed the macros introduced in 0.4.10 or previous that controlled the
+position of the side axis. Now instead of saying
+  \leftaxisshift{<num>}
+one says
+  \axismargin{l}{<num>}.
+One can set all 4 margins at once with
+  \setaxismargins{<num>}{<num>}{<num>}{<num>}.
+or all margins to the same number with
+  \setallaxismargins{<num>}.
+
+A similar change was made to the setting of the axis marks position
+(i.e., inside, outside or centered). Instead of
+  \lmarksposition{inside}
+one writes
+  \setaxismarks{l}{inside}.
+One can also set the position of all the border marks at once with
+\setbordermarks,  or all border marks to the same position with
+\setallbordermarks.
+
+Command  \drawaxes  added: it takes a comma separated list of
+letters chosen from  x,  y,  l,  b,  r  and  t,  and draws the specified
+axes.  Later renamed to  \doaxes,  and commas omitted.
+
+Added optional parameter to  \plotdata  and  \datafile  which
+has the form  p  or s<num>.   "[p]"  causes a polygonal curve to be
+plotted and  "[s<num>]"  causes a smooth curve to be drawn, with the
+given number as the tension. The number may be omitted, and then
+grafbase's  value of  curvetension  (default 1.0) will be used.  Any
+other letter or none is the same as  [p].  Internally, the optional
+parameter is passed to  \mfp@rwdata,  which now, of course, takes
+parameters.  Along with this,  \smoothdata  was revamped to simply
+change the default optional parameter, rather than set a switch.
+
+When option  metapost  is selected, each  mfpic  environment writes the
+current font to the output file (in  verbtimtex)  to have at least the
+chance (under  mplabels)  to match the fonts that TeX would use in
+tlabels.
+
+Framing code: in addition to  \framed  or  \mfpframed,  we now have a
+LaTeX environment:  \begin{mfpframe}...\end{mfpframe}  or, in plain TeX,
+a command group  \mfpframe...\endmfpframe.  This is actually recommended
+(over the first form) if the user wishes to frame an  mfpic  environment.
+This ensures that category codes are not prematurely set by reading the
+whole picture as an argument.
+
+Changes to grafbase:
+
+Moved  interim warningcheck:=0;  after  mode_setup  because  mode_setup
+sets it to 1. Now that  warningcheck  is correctly set, we can change
+the test of parameters in  secd,  etc., from comparing with  nottoosmall,
+to comparing with  reallysmall.
+
+Streamlined  minpair  and  maxpair.
+
+Define transform  vtr  on its own in  setztr  rather than only the macro
+vconv  being defined (in terms of  ztr).  Define ztr  in terms of  vtr
+(the "right way to do things", said the linear algebra teacher).
+Remove definition of  invztr  and use  inverse ztr  the few times necessary.
+
+Remove the "complicated  zconv"  entirely.
+
+Added plain Metapost's  image  command to  grafbase.mf.
+
+Changed the command executed when  clipall  is true to  clipto  instead
+of  clipsto.
+
+Added  textboundary,  textoval  and  textellipse  to put paths around
+text. Only the size and center point of the text is passed by mfpic, not
+the actual text. These implement the mfpic commands  \textboundary,  etc.
+
+Added parameters  pair label_adjust and  numeric label_sep.
+These are used in  grafbase.mp  for shifting labels. They are also
+used there and in  grafbase.mf  for positioning and sizing  textboundary,
+textoval  and  textellipse.
+
+Added test for  ClipOn  to dashing code,  plotsymbol  and  plotnodes.
+
+arrowdraw  now checks for  hlen > 0  before drawing head.
+
+Complete rewrite of axes code and drawing of hash marks on axes. Four
+new axes added  leftaxis, etc.
+
+Changed code for  grid  so it is fitted to the coordinates: integer
+multiples of  xspace  and  yspace  are plotted. Added  gridlines.
+
+Changed  arcppp  in  grafbase  for more robustness (I hope) and better
+result on small values of  sweep.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.16 beta, July 28--30 2001:
+
+-- Changed name of  \textboundary  to  \tlabelboundary  and then
+   \tlabelrect.
+-- Changed name of  \textoval  to  \tlabeloval.
+-- Changed name of  \textellipse to  \tlabelellipse.
+-- Added "star form" of each that defines the curve without placing the
+   label.
+-- Renamed  grafbase  command  textboundary  to  textrect.
+
+Replaced the four commands  \leftaxis,  etc., with single
+command
+  \axis[<hlen>]{<one-axis>}
+(example \axis{l}) and \borderaxes, etc., with
+  \doaxes[<hlen>]{<axis-list>}
+(example \doaxes{lbrt} for the 4 borders).
+
+Recoded  \mfp@now  so that only 1 count register is used.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.17 beta, July 28--Aug 10, 2001:
+
+Changed  grafbase.mp  commands  textrect,  etc., so the first two
+parameters (dimensions of some unspecified text) became one parameter,
+which could be either of type  pair  (the two dimensions),  string,  or
+picture  (e.g., a  btex...etex  expression).  In the latter two cases,
+Metapost measures it and uses those dimensions to make a rectangle, etc.
+
+Gave all commands that take a  [s]  smoothness specification the
+option to make it  [s<tension>]  to draw the curve more tightly.
+Commands affected:  \function,  \parafcn,  \plrfcn,  \btwnfcn  and
+\plrregion.  This necessitated changes in grafbase code to  mkfcn  so
+that it accepts a tension parameter. Plus changes to all the macros that
+call it:  parafcn,  xfcn,  function,  rfcn,  and  plrfcn.  Those that
+are used by mfpic, like  function,  were altered as follows. The name was
+changed to  tfunction,  it was given a tension parameter and the call to
+mkfcn  passes that parameter. A new macro named  function  simply calls
+tfunction  with default tension. This was to make the new  grafbase
+accept old files generated by mfpic.  Those macros not used by mfpic
+(rfcn  and  xfcn) simply call  mkfcn  with tension equal to 1.
+
+Redid  doplot,  plotsymbol,  and  plotnodes  so that the plotting symbol
+can be a picture as well as a path. If a path, it is scaled by the scale
+parameter. A picture is not scaled, since this is essentially not
+possible in Metafont and since it is expected that in Metapost it will
+be a  btex...etex  expression and the size is determined by the font.
+Because this is expected to be the typical case, the picture is shifted
+so that its center at the chosen position (instead of the left
+baseline). This is not done in Metafont since finding the center of a
+picture is non-trivial. In  grafbase.mp  the first parameter is also
+allowed to be a string, and is then converted to a picture with the
+infont  operator. In all other cases it reverts to a default dot scaled
+by the second parameter.
+
+Changed the  \mfpic  command so both optional parameters may be omitted
+(scale 1 is then assumed).  Also, the first parameter is no longer saved
+in  \@param.  That was not a serious problem, but I did experience a
+hard-to-debug problem from using the same temporary name in another
+command. (It seems that  \@param  is not expanded until  \@xconv  and
+\@yconv  are used in tlabels, and I included a redefinition of  \@param
+in a command that calls  \tlabel).
+
+Added  EOL, `*',  `"'  and  `$'  to the list of symbols whose catcodes
+are saved, changed while reading  mfpic.tex,  and restored at the end.
+`$'  is put in category 12 and used then in several  \if  tests for empty
+arguments (previously  `!'  was used, then  `@'. (Changed again a couple
+of times!)
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.18 beta, Aug 10--20, 2001:
+
+Added point size option to  \grid.
+
+Added a macro  \plottext  similar to  \plotsymbol  except instead of a
+symbol, it takes a bit of TeX text.  The macro runs entirely in TeX,
+issuing a sequence of  \tlabel  commands.
+
+Changed  grid  and  gridlines  so the lines and points are fitted to the
+pixel grid. We now use  safedraw  on
+hroundpair(zconv(p1))--hroundpair(zconv(point))  instead of on
+zconv((p1)--(p2)).  When  grid  and  gridlines are used with the same
+parameters, this seems to make the picture periodic.
+
+Added  \plrgrid  and  \plrpatch.
+
+Added  \piechart  and  \piewdge.
+
+Removed  \d@adv,  \i@mul,  \i@div,  \q@mul  as it turns out they are
+either no longer used or unnecessary: \i@mul  and  \i@div,  were only
+used in  \q@mul  and it isn't needed as  \x= 1.2\x  works for fdims.
+\d@adv  seems to have disappeared from use.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.19 beta, Aug 20--26, 2001:
+
+Added  \mfpicnumber  to set the number of the next character or figure.
+
+Removed explicit references to  gcode,  instead of writing
+beginmfpic(incr gcode),  \mfpic  now writes
+beginmfpic(\number\mfp@count).  This way TeX's understanding of the
+current figure number and Metafont's understanding are guaranteed to be
+the same. The opening code of  beginmfpic  sets gcode in case any existing
+files make use of it. This simplifies maintenance, and such things as
+\noship  and  \mfpicnumber.
+
+Speaking of which, added code to  \noship  to set a switch so
+\endmfpic  could skip placing an empty box. I hope this makes an
+mfpic environment a typesetting no-op. The only worry is that an
+invisible character or box might creep into the output. (It hasn't yet,
+that I've noticed, but checking would require testing virtually every
+macro we've defined that can be used in an mfpic.)
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.20 beta, Aug 26--Sep 1, 2001:
+
+Added  \barchart  (it was easy after  \piechart)  after seeing comments
+on gnuplot list that deprecated pie charts as a means of conveying
+quantitative information. The rectangles become available as
+\chartbar{<n>}. Where  <n>  is the number of the bar.
+
+Changed the code (again!) for shade in  grafbase.mf.  I was certain
+there had to be a faster way. The key turned out to be not to do a
+double loop. Instead, draw the bottom row of pixels in one loop, and
+then copy that row in a separate loop. The original looped O(nm) times
+if  n  and  m  are the dimensions of the rectangle. The new one loops,
+O(n+m)  times.  A slight extra bit of efficiency in coding is obtained
+by finding the smallest repeating pattern and repeating that (avoids
+shifting every other row). This turned out to be two dots at a 45 degree
+angle placed  \shadespace  apart. Then copy _that_ picture.
+
+I was worried that this algorithm had to copy a much larger picture the
+second loop, but it seemed to make little difference. The bottleneck
+seems to be the loop overhead. There was a seven-fold speed increase in
+shading a  100pt by 100pt  rectangle with a  \shadespace  of  1.2pt
+(this is about the most dots MiKTeX's Metafont could handle). I came up
+with another algorithm that is  O(m/n + \log n),  when  n < m.  But it
+was only marginally better at the sizes Metafont could handle. Plus it
+traded memory for speed. It built a shading rectangle of size at least
+n/8  in  O(\log n)  iterations and then tiled with  O(m/n)  of them.
+This could require up to an additional 12.5% more memory, as the last
+row or column could overshoot by up to  n/8.
+
+Changed timing so that  \mfp@count  is initialized to 1, and
+incremented only in  \endmfpic  (where it is in the code skipped if
+\noship  is used).
+
+Changed  \newdef  to  \def  for  \arrow  so eplain won't generate a
+complaint.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.21 beta, Sept 1--10, 2001:
+
+Got tired of typing  "\macro"  so I changed it to  \mac.  Also got
+tired of  "\vskip\myskip",  etc., so I wrote  \bcd  and  \ecd  to
+bracket the headers of command descriptions. For examples, I wrote
+\bex  and  \eex.  Changed the font for  \prog  to small caps and for
+\opt  to sans serif. Added  \null  to the end of the definition of  \TeX
+for \spacefactor reasons (saw this somewhere).
+
+Wrote a  \myverbatim  macro for  mfpicdoc.tex  since header.tex's
+verbatim wouldn't work for me. Completely rewrote  \head  and  \subhead
+for better spacing and page breaks. (One of these days I will give them
+numbers and perhaps translate everything to either LaTeX or eplain to
+provide cross references.)
+
+Added  SolidStar  to symbols allowed by  \plot,  etc.  Changed  grafbase
+code so that  Star  produces an open five-pointed star instead of the
+asterisk previously drawn. Added  Asterisk  in case anyone prefers the
+old way.
+
+Separated the part of  \mfp@rwdata  that writes the rendering code from
+the part that writes the data. This is for later enhancements. The
+wrapper that writes the rendering code is called  \do@datafile.  Took
+out of  \mfp@rwdata  the code that wraps the point in (redundant)
+parentheses. Now the parentheses _must_ be added by  \using.
+
+Changed the name of  \mfpic-package  to  MFPicpackagE,  (part of
+the paranoia that catcodes of punctuation might be changed).
+
+Added code to several commands to test for empty optional arguments. The
+reason: when an optional argument has two parts,  as in  \plotdata[s1.2]
+the code splits it up as  [#1#2]  so that  s  is assigned to
+#1  and  1.2  is assigned to  #2.  If  1.2  is omitted, then  #2  is
+empty, but if both parts are accidentally omitted, then the closing
+bracket is assigned to  #1  and TeX searches for another right
+bracket. This can cause extremely unhelpful error messages from internal
+commands generated much later. Now, a command like  \plotdata[]  is
+treated as if there were no optional argument: default values are used.
+The user can deduce from incorrect output where an error occurred.
+
+Did the above for  \tlabel,  but only for the second part of the
+optional parameter (laziness).
+
+Added commands similar to  \rotatepath:  \shiftpath{p},  \scalepath{p,sc},
+\xscalepath{x,sc},  \yscalepath{y,sc}  and  \slantpath{y,sl}.  "p"  is a
+point  "sc" is a scale factor,  "x"  is an x-coordinate,  "y"  is a
+y-coordinate and  "sl"  is a slant factor. These commands accept a
+following path and pass back the corresponding transformed path (to
+preceding prefix macros).
+
+Released to alpha testers.
+
+
+REVISION 0.4.22 beta, Sept 11--22, 2001:
+
+Added  \reflectpath{p1,p2},  \xyswappath  and  \yslantpath{x,sl}.  Added
+also  \xslantpath  as a synonym for  \slantpath.
+
+Removed grouping in  \mftitle  that inadvertently caused  \tmtitle's
+argument to be omitted from the  .log  file. Rewrote both to call a
+third macro. The third macro loads the argument in a token list and
+writes to the  .mf  file.  \mftitle  supplies the grouping to preserve
+the token variable.  \tmtitle  also adds the grouping, plus writes to
+the  .log  and to the document.
+
+Redid  \tlabel  so that it checks for completely empty optional
+parameter.
+
+Also avoid duplicating every  \@...tlabel  command. Only ever did that
+to avoid the message about rotation being ignored in the  \nomplabels
+case. Somewhere along the way handling of default optional parameters
+made that moot.
+
+Now  \tlabel  begins a group, then sets  \tlabel@rot  to empty (not
+zero!) if  mplabels  is not in effect, then passes
+"[\tlabel@vpos\tlabel@hpos\tlabel@rot]"  as the optional parameter. The
+two different commands  \@tlabel  and  \@@tlabel  ultimately end the
+group. This necessitated changing a number of commands that call for
+tlabels: I thought it more efficient to say
+
+  \if@mfp@mplabels\expandafter\@tlabels\else\@@tlabels\fi...
+
+than to call  \tlabel  directly. But now that would unbalance the
+grouping.
+
+Somehow I overwrote the version of  mfpic.tex  in which I made the above
+three paragraphs of changes with the previous version. So I did it all
+again, but now it does the following.  \tlabel  starts a group and calls
+two different commands: if no  "[]"  follows, it defines  \tlabel@rot
+to be empty under  \nomplabels;  and if  "[]"  follows, it calls
+\tlabeljustify.  Finally it calls either  \@@tlabel  or  \@tlabel,
+depending on mplabels, feeding the arguments  \tlabel@vpos,
+\tlabel@hpos  and  \tlabel@rot.  This ensures that insufficient optional
+parameters produce default results, as  \tlabeljustify  does default
+things with empty parameters.
+
+In  grafbase: push  vtr  in  bcoords  command and pop it in  ecoords.
+Added  vtr:=ztr shifted -zconv((0,0));  to  apply_t.  It seems  coords
+and  apply_t  were broken ever since I defined  vconv  in terms of  vtr
+instead of  zconv.
+
+Added  \@firstoftwo and \@secondoftwo and rewrote several commands to
+use them, including  \@if@mfp@beforefileopen..
+
+REVISION 0.5.0 beta, Sept 24--Oct25, 2001:
+
+Change comment written at the top of the output file.  Now includes the
+name of the output file, as well as the  \jobname  of the TeX source
+that produced it.
+
+Changed how  \grid  handles optional point size. Now it writes a command
+vgrid  that takes the extra parameter (and the old  grid  just calls
+vgrid  with default parameter).
+
+Made  \mfpic  and  \endmfpic  write the source line number to the
+output for debugging use.
+
+Added token list  \every@tlabel  and a command  \everytlabel  for
+setting it (and writing the settings to the  .mp  file when  mplabels
+is in effect.) In order to make this local to mfpic
+environments, now  \mfpic  writes  "verbatimtex \begingroup etex"  to
+output and  \endmfpic  ends the group (under  mplabels).
+
+Renamed  \if@graphfileexists  to  \ifmfpicFirstTime  which
+required reversing the sense of all  \if...  tests. This will allow the
+user to override the behavior of mfpic in unusual circumstances.
+
+Restored the command that expands to a backslash with category 12, for
+writing the outer token  \newtoks  to the output file.
+
+Because  \mfsrc  ends with  \ignorespaces  (should it?)  commands
+can generate a space under metafont but not under metapost with
+mplabels  (because they write TeX code to the output). I have therefore
+started to look out for such differences and am adding  \ignorespaces
+when I notice them.
+
+Released to CTAN, Oct ??, 2001.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.01 beta
+
+This modification actually occurred in February 2002, but I made it on
+version 0.5.0, correcting a small bug by adding some braces around the
+point arguments of  \tlabel  in a couple of places. The problem was that
+Metapost code in the point argument could contain parentheses or commas,
+and these had to be hidden inside braces. The code of \tlabels  and
+other commands would read this argument twice so two levels of braces
+were needed, but that would cause errors in other contexts. The internal
+braces in the right places meant the user need only use one. All of this
+was only a problem with  mplabels.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.02 alpha, Oct 26--Nov 8, 2001:
+
+Put most of the catcode changes (in the "paranoia" section of
+mfpic.tex)  in a command  \mfp@sanitize  for possible reuse.
+
+In preparation for a planned enhancement, I have divided  \@figmac into
+three parts: the set-up, write, and post-write phases. The idea is that,
+e.g.,  \@curve[1.2]  will do the setup, and write the code
+tcurve(1.2, false)  but not the points or the ending semicolon, then
+close with the all-purpose macro  \@figmacdata.  This macro will scoop up
+the last parameter (listing the points), write them to output, adding
+the semicolon, and then issue the post-write code.  Why?  Ultimately I
+would like to be able to present the data in more than one form.
+\@figmacdata  would detect the form and do the appropriate thing. In
+particular I would like to be able to do something like
+\curve[1.2]\datafile{file.dat}  to draw a curve connecting the points
+listed in  file.dat.
+
+Have actually changed the definition of  \curve  and  \cyclic  to use
+this scheme, although  \@figmacdata  just writes the inline data points
+to output. Shouldn't be unusually hard to make it open the file handle
+and call  \mfp@rwdata.  I will first try to organize the opening,
+reading, writing and closing of files into reusable modules.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.03 alpha, Nov 8, 2001--???:
+
+Further modified  \@figmacdata:  Split it in two. First,  \mfp@writelist
+writes the list, enclosed in parentheses and followed by a semicolon,
+then issue  \@figmacend.  This is because lists are also used by
+"non-figmacs", like  \xmarks  and  \point.  For these I just use
+\mfp@writelist.  Perhaps it wouldn't hurt to include  \@figmacend  on
+those, but I wasn't prepared to chance it. Also put the common
+combination  \@figmacstart\mfsrc{#1}\@figmacdata in a new macro
+\@listmac.
+
+Now all those macros that take a list as last argument (thank goodness
+it always _is_ the last argument) follow the scheme. This includes
+\xmarks,  \ymarks,  \lmarks,  \bmarks,  \rmarks,  \tmarks,  \point,
+\plotsymbol,  \piechart,  \barchart,  \polyline,  \polygon,  \fcncurve,
+\curve,  \cyclic,  \qspline,  \closedqspline,  \cspline,
+\closedcspline,  and  \turtle.  Ultimately, I may make  \@figmacdata
+write data from a file (if the next token is  \datafile)  or data listed
+inline as if in a file (if the next token is  \inline).
+
+I rewrote the code in  \@mfpic  that loads the figure into  \@wholegraph
+so that when  \ifmfpicdraft  is true then it is skipped completely and
+\@wholegraph  is just set to an empty box. Then, at the end of  \@mfpic,
+if  \ifmfpicdraft  is true, the figure number in  \tt  is set as a
+\tlabel  (so the size of the figure will automatically adjust to
+accommodate it).
+
+Oops! Had to change the above behavior:  \tlabel  doesn't expand its
+contents when writing to the  .mp  file in  mplabels.  So it is
+impossible to get  \mfp@count  (the picture number) written as a number.
+Rather than have to write the definition of  \mfp@count  to the output
+file, I changed the code that loads the figure into  \@wholegraph  to put
+the figure number into the box as straight text. Now, the figure number
+may again overwrite the boundaries of the box, but that's OK, I guess,
+since it's just a temporary situation.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.04 alpha, ???--April 11, 2002:
+
+Added  \@XP  which expands to three  \expandafters.
+
+Changed what the  truebbox  option writes to the  .mf  file. The scope
+in Metafont should now more closely match the scope in TeX.
+
+Added options  draft,  final,  and  nowrite  (as well as command
+versions  \mfpicdraft,  \mfpicfinal,  and  \mfpicnowrite) which should
+avoid including the pictures  (draft)  or include the pictures (final),
+overriding automatic decisions. Option  nowrite  avoids writing anything
+to the  .mf  file.
+
+Made several assignments, such as  \mfp@count,  \@graphfont,  etc.,
+global, in case the command  \opengraphsfile  is issued inside a group.
+
+Rewrote  \tlabel  and friends so that the point arguments could
+optionally be enclosed in braces. This was done by checking for a left
+parenthesis with  \mfp@ifnextchar  and branching on that. This allowed
+me to change the  gblabel  command to accept a list of points, and now
+\tlabel  can, under  mplabels  accept a list of points in braces.
+
+Completely reorganized the data file reading macros (much smaller and
+free of  \loop...\repeat  constructs). Also added the previously
+mentioned capability to replace any list after a macro such as
+\curve{...}  with the construct such as  \curve\datafile{<file>}  to
+construct the list from the data in file
+
+Changed explicit value of 5 data points per line to the value of
+\mfpdataperline when plotting data files.
+
+Added error messages  \nodatafileerror  and  \emptydatafileerror.
+
+Added command  resizedrawpen  to  grafbase  to unclutter the
+output file.
+
+Collected the common code in  \xmarks,  \ymarks, etc., so that now they
+are implemented with  \marks x,  etc.
+
+Added aliases  \lattice  and  \gridpoints  for  \grid.
+
+Changed the option handling in  \tlabel  so that it is translated into
+integer values and  \ifcase  can be used, making for simpler conditional
+code. Added  \mfp@justifyerror  to the  \tlabeljustify  command, to
+occur if an invalid letter is used.
+
+Added  \extra@tlabel  command at the end of  \@tlabel  and  \@@tlabel.
+Redefining this makes it easier to write macros looping through many
+\tlabel  commands.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.05 alpha, April 16, 2002:
+
+Corrected bug in  \mfpverbtex  which caused  #  symbols to be doubled in
+the output: simply change catcode of  #  before reading the  verbatimtex
+material into the token list.
+
+Remove  \DeclareGraphicsRule  commands issued in  mfpic.tex  so
+as not to interfere with the graphics package error checking. Instead
+the equivalent is done inside a group for each picture with
+\@namedef{Gin@rule@.\mfp@count}.
+
+Added a command index to  \mfpicdoc.tex.  The distribution now includes
+a recent version of  eplain.tex  for the indexing macros and the actual
+index  mfpicdoc.ind.  The  makeindex  style file that was used,
+mfpic.ist,  is also included.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.06 alpha, April 16--May 7, 2002:
+
+After installing new MiKTeX and forgetting to set localfont, I found
+that  textrect,  textoval  and  textellipse  (in  grafbase.mf)  fail due
+to arithmetic overflow. This is because rather simple text can be (say)
+40pt  by  40pt.  Since that is  400 by 400 pixels  (under mode:=ljfour),
+and we have to compute numbers on the order of their product, we exceed
+the 32K limit on numbers. Changed these commands to do computations in
+graph coordinates. That is at least resolution independent. Also change
+some formulas involving  sqrt  to instead use  ++  or  abs  to minimize
+such problems.
+
+Updated most docs. Changed  mfpic.ist  so it will write an mfpic package
+comment to the top of  mfpicdoc.ind.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5.07 alpha, May 7--June 25, 2002:
+
+Added  \usingpairdefault  to reset the  \using  specification to the
+default. Also  \usingnumericdefault  for commands that take a numeric
+list (equivalent to  \using{#1 #2}{#1} ).
+
+Documented  \marks<axis>  commands.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5g alpha, June 26--July 31, 2002:
+
+Changed version numbering scheme so LaTeX file utilities like the
+snapshot package are better served.
+
+Change the graphic inclusion to use  \@setmfpicgraphic  which, in
+addition to executing  \setmfpicgraphic,  also runs any additional
+commands that may be needed and should be transparent to the user. These
+include the above setting of the graphics inclusion rule, and now also a
+scheme for recovering the bounding box (for future feature allowing
+truebbox  without  mplabels).  The graphics package makes this hard by
+not saving it globally except in  \@gtempa,  which hardly seems safe to
+rely on. Nevertheless that is what I use now, though it doesn't get used
+yet.
+
+Changed  \DeclareOption*  to print a warning or a message (depending on
+whether  graphics  was already loaded or not) instead of just passing
+the option on to  graphics  package).
+
+The default  verbatimtex  stuff that was written to the out file in
+\opengraphsfile  is now stored in a token register
+\mfp@commonverbatimtex  and then written.
+
+\opengraphsfile  now checks for the existence of a file with the
+extension of the current value of  \mfp@count  (default 1) in case the
+user changes its value (with  \mfpicnumber)  before that command.
+mfpic.tex  now sets it to 1 rather than rely on  \opengraphsfile  to do
+so.
+
+Changed  \tlabel  to place its contents in a simple left aligned
+\halign.  This makes it possible to right-align or center multi-line
+labels with an  \hfill  or  \hfil  on left.
+
+Corrected bugs in file read/write (\plotdata,  etc.): Moved whitespace
+resetting to  \@processdatafile,  and changed one  \def  in
+\mfp@rwdataloop  to  \edef.
+
+Moved the LaTeX2e graphics rule stuff to  \mfpic,  \usemetapost now just
+saves the graphics rule signature ("eps" or "mps") for use in that
+stuff.
+
+Remove  eplain.tex,  substituting  indexing.tex  which contains only(?)
+macros necessary to process the one indexing command actually used in
+mfpicdoc.tex,  and the two-column printing of the index.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5h alpha, Aug 1--6, 2002:
+
+Added code to  \@setmfpicgraphic  to retain the lower left corner of the
+picture under metapost. I did this by redefining  \Gin@def@bp  to make
+its definitions (of  \Gin@llx,  etc.) global. Then added that info to
+\@xconv  and  \@yconv. This allows  truebbox  to work without  mplabels.
+Added code to  graphbase.mp  that keeps track of maximum bounding box of
+all the text labels and to adjust the figure's bounding box if that
+extends past the boundary of the  mfpic  environment. This allows labels
+to expand the size of the graph (as documented) in the remaining case:
+with  mplabels  but without  truebbox.
+
+This requires that any user who redefines  \setmfpicgraphic  must also
+redefine a command  \getmfpicoffset  that stores the coordinates of the
+lower left corner in the macros  \mfpicllx  and  \mfpiclly.
+
+Reverted to the previous  \tlabel  method of producing multiline
+labels. The  \halign  method (specifically the  \let\\=\cr)  produces
+an error when either of the packages latexsym or amsfonts is used. So it
+is not (yet) possible to right align or center multiline labels.
+
+Reverted back when I discovered that  \def\\{\cr}  did _not_ conflict
+and seems to work just as well. It is again possible to right align and
+center multiline labels.
+
+Added  \gclip  rendering macro (did no one ever miss this?), that clips
+the current picture to the interior of the following path. And added an
+example to  *objs.tex.
+
+
+
+REVISION 0.5i alpha, Aug 7--12, 2002:
+
+Rearranged the endmfpic code of  grafbase.mp  so that  truebbox,  clip
+and  mplabels  interact properly, meaning that text which is clipped off
+_doesn't_  expand the bounding box.
+
+Announced to mfpic mailing list. Maybe this will become version 0.6 beta.
+(Ha!)
+
+
+REVISION 0.5j alpha, Aug 12--15, 2002:
+
+Changed name of  \marks  command (introduced in 0.5.04) to  \axismarks
+to avoid name clash with  \eTeX  primitive command (reported by Guy
+Worthington).
+
+
+REVISION 0.5k alpha, Aug 15--26, 2002:
+
+Rearrangement of  \begingroup-s  at some point caused a problem with
+\datafile  commands: the  \@figmacend  was issued inside a group.
+(reported by Jaromir Kuben).
+
+I moved the location of  \@figmacstart  and  \@figmacend  and that
+solved it but caused a problem with  \plotdata,  which reused that code.
+Solved by putting an appropriate  \@figmacend  in the  \plotdata  code.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5l alpha, Aug 26--29, 2002:
+
+Changed the code that saves the lower left corner of the picture under
+metapost. Instead of making  \Gin@llx,  etc., global, I redefine
+\Gread@parse@bb  to store them globally in our own macros. This
+redefinition happens only in the  \mfpic  environment (in fact only
+inside the box where the graphic is included).
+
+I settled on this as having almost no side effects. Perhaps there is a
+reason the  \Gin@*  commands are local even though no one on
+comp.text.tex came up with one.
+
+Also, since now the only  \begingroup/\endgroup  pair in the
+file read/write code is in one place: the  \@processdatafile command, I
+deleted all the  \global  in front of  \read  commands.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5m alpha, Aug 29--30, 2002:
+
+Updates to  *.txt,  readme.1st,  and documentation.
+
+Changed  \mfp@ifnextchar  so that when looking for the next token, it
+will skip over  \relax.  This means one can put the optional argument on
+another line even when  \preservelines  is in effect (at which time the
+line end character is active and has been  \let  equal to \relax)
+
+Change  \@figmaclist  and  \@mfp@writelist  so they preserve lines.
+Since all commands that write lists of data to the output file
+ultimately run one of these, all those commands preserve lines. Then I
+removed  \preservelines  from  \mfpic.  Now we no longer need the
+caution about putting a macro and its arguments on the same line.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5n alpha, Aug 30--Sep 04, 2002:
+
+Allow  \tlabelsep  and  \tlabeloffset  to have any  <dimen>  argument. I
+was so stupid: it was just a matter of setting the TeX dimensions first
+and then writing their values to the output.
+
+Documented  \mfpdataperline.  Also changed it to a macro rather than a
+\count  because LaTeX users are unfamiliar with count registers
+(\newcounter,  yes,  \newcount,  no). I could have called it
+\c@mfpdataperline,  but then it wouldn't be user-level for plain TeX.
+
+Changed  "\ifnum\mfp@n=\mfpdataperline"  to
+"\ifnum\mfp@n<\mfpdataperline" and exchanged the true and false clauses.
+Just in case some user sets \mfpdataperline to some number which is not a
+positive integer.
+
+Added  \space  to  "\mfsrc{verbatimtex\endgroup\space etex}",  just in
+case TeX could enter a state where it doesn't append a space when it
+writes the  \endgroup.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5o alpha, Sep 04--06, 2002:
+
+Corrected  LTXMFobj.tex  and  LTXMPobj.tex.  After testing various
+combinations of  mplabels  and  truebbox,  I'd incorrectly added these
+options to the former file and failed to restore them to the latter.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5p alpha, Sep 06--09, 2002:
+
+Added commands  \setpapersize  and  \setpagegeometry  to  header.tex.
+Now the preamble of almost every  .tex  file in the docs directory is
+reduced to using these two commands.
+
+Deleted old verbatim macros which were no longer used.
+
+Removed  save piecenter;  from grafbase. This variable was documented to
+be set by the piechart command, but saving it made it unavailable.
+
+Corrected the example concerning \datafile with  \xmarks:  the
+parameters of  \using  needed a space between them.
+
+
+REVISION 0.5q alpha, Sep 09--12, 2002:
+
+Multiple documentation refinements.
+
+Removed  \if@mfp@metafont,  using only the switch  \if@mfp@metapost.
+
+Added  \mfp@ifdefined:  it checks if a token is neither \undefined  nor
+\relax.  Used in macros to detect format. Moved definition of
+\@firstoftwo  and  \@secondoftwo  before it.
+
+Made some definitions in \usemetapost global, in case it is
+mistakenly issued inside a group.
+
+Removed  \@eatspacedef  since it was used only once to define something,
+and it was shorter to define it directly.
+
+Changed all  \ifx  in  \@@arrowoption  to  \if  in case someone wants to
+pass the the letter as a macro
+
+In axis code, changed  `\x  to simply  `x  lest  \x  have some
+definition and some TeX state causes it to be expanded.
+
+Gave  \newsavepic  a definition closer to  \newsavebox,  which uses
+\@ifundefined  rather than strictly testing against \undefined.
+
+
+REVISION 0.6 beta, Sep 12, 2002:
+
+Uploaded to CTAN.
+
+
+REVISION 0.6a alpha, Sep 12--Nov 5, 2002.
+
+Added  \let\par\relax  in the definition of  \@mfpic  to
+nullify blank lines in user code. Needed since I stopped using
+\preservelines.  (Reported by Jaromir Kuben.)  Put in commands to
+restore  \par  to its normal meaning in labels and captions.
+
+
+REVISION 0.6b beta, Nov 6--, 2002.
+
+Incorrect sign on sinh function in grafbase.
+
+REVISION 0.6c beta, Nov 6--, 2002.
+
+Bounding box had the horizontal and vertical data reversed if all
+of the following three options were selected: metapost, mplabels and
+clip.
+
+REVISION 0.63 alpha
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Added code to write into the graphs file a test of the major version
+number (to assure that the files mfpic.tex and graphbase.mf/p  are
+comparable).
+
+Added a switch \in@mfpicenv that is true inside an mfpic environment and
+false outside. This allows macros to make global changes outside and
+local changes inside, helping TeX and Metafont stay in sync. Modified
+some commands to use it (clip and truebbox options, so far). Added
+\mfp@local  which expands to nothing inside and  mfpic  environment and
+to  \global  outside.
+
+Changed  \@dummy  to  \mfp@dummy  (mfpic.tex)  lest its name clash with
+other packages.
+
+Added a  \partialpath{a,b}  command. It's argument is two fractions
+separated by a comma and produces the subpath of the following path  f
+that goes from  a*length(f)  to  b*length(f). (Hmmm...so
+\partialpath{1,0} would inefficiently reverse a path!)
+
+Also added  \subpath{a,b}  to give the equivalent of the MF code
+   subpath (a, b) of <following path>
+
+Added command  \closed[<tension>]{<method>}  where <method> is l,  b,
+s,  cb,  or  u  so that, for example,  \closed[2]{s}  does the same as
+\sclosed,  except that added or modified links will have tension equal
+to 2. Then I defined the previous commands in terms of this one (tension is
+ignored for  \lclosed  and  \cbclosed  since they specify exactly what the
+link should be.)  Default for <tension> is 1.
+
+Moved  \fdef  to a global location and added  "save #1;"  to its
+definition. Functions defined with it should now be local if it is used
+in an  mfpic  environment and global otherwise.
+
+Redefine  \+  for entire  mfpic.tex.  Avoids somewhat complicated
+work-around of its outerness in  \usemetapost.  Restore previous meaning
+at end of file.
+
+Added  \@bsphack  and  \@esphack  (as in LaTeX).
+
+Rewrote \tlabelrect, etc., so that they take a second optional
+parameter: the label justification. Made the current  \tlabel  defaults
+the default for  \tlabel<path>  also. Might change this to  [cc]  after
+talking to Jaromir.
+
+Changed  \store  to be usable as a prefix command. It still takes a
+second argument but doesn't wrap anything around it, so
+\store{m}\circle{...}  is as valid as  \store{m}{\circle{...}}.  But now
+    \xscalepath{0,2}\store{m}\circle{...}
+is also valid, storing the untransformed circle. It is written as a
+\@rendmac  so that it turns off automatic path rendering. It invokes a
+new grafbase command  stored , which stores the path and passes it on
+(as the other prefix macros do). This may have restored the old behavior
+(prior to 0.2.9.10 alpha), but I can't tell, since I never had any
+experience using those versions and don't know why the change was made.
+
+Streamlined  \arrow  so that instead of a chain of 4 macros (that all
+did the same thing!), each calling the next, it loops until no more
+optional arguments are found.
+
+Renamed  \mfpicdebugwrite  to \mfpDBwrite  to streamline the source
+file. Later renamed to  \mfp@DBlog  to remind me that it only writes to
+the  .log .
+
+Change  \getmfpicoffset  and  \preparemfpicgraphic  so they take an
+argument: the name of the figure file. The default versions do nothing
+with it. Changed  \@setmfpicgraphic  so it calls them with the name of
+file. In case a power user needed the file name in his redefinition.
+
+Shortened  \usemetapost.  Defined as much as possible outside it, and
+include only what needs to be changed. E.g., we no longer redefine
+\@setmfpicgraphic  inside it (nor  \preparemfpicgraphic  in the
+non-LaTeX version).
+
+Rearranged code so that  \usemetapost  is defined in three ways instead
+of two: LaTeX2e, plain pdfTeX and plain TeX. Formerly the second two
+were combined in one which contained an \ifpdf-\else-\fi construct. That
+is now moved to an outer level. Shortened the name of  \if@mfp@pdftex  to
+\if@mfp@pdf  since pdftex could be used to produce dvi output, and we
+want this to be true only when pdf is being produced.
+
+Added  \mfcmd  (adds semicolon to argument) and  \mflist (wraps argument
+in parentheses). Done so that we can delay reading the argument and
+therefore preserve lines. Both of these and  \mfsrc  now call  \@mfwrite
+with an appropriate argument. It initiates  \preservelines  and
+continues with  \@mfcmd,  \@mflist,  or  \@mfsrc.  These read the
+argument and end with  \@mfsrc,  which ends line preserving.
+
+Rearranged code of  \@figmac.  It now issues  \@startfigtrue  before
+writing its argument and doesn't do  \@imrendtrue.  This allows it to
+end with the code to read the argument, and avoids some cases of having
+to read large arguments before  \preservelines  is issued.  There was
+only one case where the timing mattered:  \connect,  and there we needed
+the current order!
+
+Simplified the scheme for list macros (\mfp@writedata). The above
+rearrangement meant there was no longer any need for different treatment
+of figmacs and non-figmacs.
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Added code to grafbase file to test if the major version of mfpic
+(assuming it is input by an mfpic generated file) and that of
+grafbase.mf/p  are comparable. Added a boolean MFPIC that is true if
+the test succeeds. Not used yet.
+
+Rewrote most of the arc commands in grafbase, focusing on trying to make
+any points that were explicitly specified into actual nodes of the path
+(i.e., use nothing that could result in round-off error) plus trying to
+increase robustness.
+
+"Corrected"  cbclosed  command in grafbase. Its code used to put in one
+cubic B-spline link and connect that to the beginning and end of the
+path  f  with two ordinary MF Bezier path joins. Now it connects with
+three cubic B-spline links, the middle one being the same as before.
+
+removed  w,  d,  and  h  as internal variables because of another user
+name clash, this time with  \fdef(h)... .
+
+Rewrote grafbase messages and error messages for consistency and
+pithiness.
+
+Changed gblabel to newlabel, but gblabel remains as an interface for old
+files, calling newlabel. There are now three parameters rather than four
+for horizontal and vertical adjustment. The first gives the fraction
+of the text left of the point of placement. The third is a
+boolean. If false, the second parameter is taken as the absolute
+fraction of the text below this point. If true, it represents the same
+except the depth of the text is ignored. This  (.5,0,true) gives  [Bc]
+placement, while  (.5,0,false)  gives  [bc].
+
+Added textrectx, textellipsex and textovalx which now allow horizontal
+and vertical adjustment and rotation, just like gblabel. The original
+commands just call it with the old default (centered, not rotated).
+
+Rewrote nearly all error messages in  grafbase.mf/p. Changed "GUBED" to
+"END DEBUG". (That has always bothered me.)
+
+Reintroduced "bounds" to the mfpic file. It seemed a reasonable
+shorthand, replacing four lines of code with one. And has been around
+forever.
+
+Reexamined clipping, trying to make sure that when ClipOn is true,
+nothing is written outside the clipping paths. Except there are things
+drawn for debugging purposes, so I added  noclip() which executes its
+contents in a group where ClipOn is set to false. Added  DoClip(v)  as a
+shorthand for:
+    if ClipOn and (ClipPath > 0) : clipsto (v, ClipPath); fi
+Correspondingly changed several commands to write to a temporary picture
+variable, which is then DoClip-ed before adding to active_plane. This
+turned out to be a prescient act for the purpose of using color in MF
+(see below).
+
+Changed  P1  in  headpath  (giving the direction of the arrowhead)
+from  "direction n of g"  to  "point n of g - precontrol n of g".
+This gives the arrowhead from  \arrow\rect{...}  a reasonable direction
+without having to rotate it +/- 45 degrees.
+
+Determined that the filling commands  shade , polkadot  and  tess  (all
+these are my doing) did not respect  aspect_ratio.  Changed all of
+them to invoke a macro,  filledwith,  that returns a rectangular picture
+tiled with shifted copies of a given picture. This macro respects
+aspect_ratio  (i.e, invokes  .t_  where it should -- I hope).
+
+Introduced color to Metafont (gray levels only): made  color synonymous
+with  numeric; assigned numeric gray levels to the variables  red,
+green,  etc.  Defined the color commands (rgb,  RGB,  cmyk,  gray  and
+named) to produce appropriate gray levels. Added macro  makegray  for
+this purpose. Allow  black  or  white  in drawing commands and gray
+levels in filling commands. Gray fill is implemented by a new macro
+shaded  which is similar in some ways to the internal code of  shade and
+may one day replace it. Right now  shade  uses round dots and respects
+shadewd  and the spacing parameter. But  shaded  just builds a square
+picture which is either two black almost-squares in a white background
+(gray levels > .5) or two white almost-squares in a black background.
+Works well in simple tests so far.
+
+Changed the code executed if  mode  is unknown back to switching on a
+default mode, but this time  ljfour  instead of  cx.
+
+Removed the  aspect_ratio  scaling from  resizedrawpen,  and also from
+the definition of  drawpen  and  hatchpen.  Added that scaling to
+shpath.
+
+Added  partialpath  and  gsubpath  to support  mfpic's  \partialpath
+and  \subpath .
+
+Docs:
+
+Changed this file  (changes.tex)  from a .tex file to a .txt file for
+simplicity of maintenance.
+
+Transcribed  mfpicdoc.tex  to a LaTeX file adding  mfpdoc.sty  to preserve
+most of the previous formatting. Adds a table of contents; allows an index
+without the extra files  indexing.tex  and  mfpic.ist  (both now removed).
+Added hyperref, producing a linked  .pdf  file if pdflatex is used. Did
+the same with  grafdoc.tex  and  mf-revu.tex,  except the latter has no
+index.  Have removed  mppicdoc.tex  since the small part of it that was
+not already covered in  mfpicdoc.tex  has been added in an additional
+appendix.
+
+Made  mfpic.dtx,  mfpic.ins  and  grafbase.dtx  files. Processing
+mfpic.ins  produces  mfpic.tex  and  mfpic.sty  from  mfpic.dtx,  plus
+grafbase.mf,  grafbase.mp  and dvipsnam.mp  from  grafbase.dtx.
+
+REVISION 0.64 alpha
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Rewrote the mfpic macro \polkadotwd  so all it does is set the width
+(omitting the code "thepolkadot := setdot(...)"). The grafbase  polkadot
+command now remakes the dot each time it is run. This is really just for
+simplicity (for the \cs{polkadotwd} macro). Same was done for  \shadewd
+and  shade.  To change the shape of the dots used, I've added
+shadedotpath  and  polkadotpath  in addition to dotpath.  The last is
+now only used for dotted lines and  grid.
+
+Added command  threeangles (suffix s) (expr A, B, C)  that finds the
+three angles of the triangle ABC and assigns them to the  s1,  s2,  and
+s3.  Now used in  arcppp  and the new command  circleppp . Later
+threeangles  was replaced by three calls to a new vardef:  cornerangle
+(A,B,C) , which was useful on its own.
+
+Added circleppp producing the circle through three points.
+
+Added  circlecp  producing the circle with center at a given point, and
+passing through a given point.
+
+Added  circlepps  producing the circle completing the arc produced by
+the corresponding  arcpps. These three form their circle from arcs,
+ensuring that the circle (a) begins at the first given point on the
+circumference, (2) has all the given points as nodes (though more may
+have to be added, of course), and (iii) it is at least as robust as the
+arc commands, into which a lot of thought was put.
+
+Added commands that produce circles related to triangle. A triangle  Q
+is, by definition, required to be a closed path in the form
+Q0--Q1--Q2--cycle.
+
+circumcircle Q      produces the circle through all three corners
+incircle Q          produces the inscribed circle (inside the triangle
+                    and tangent to all three sides)
+excircle n of Q     produces the exscribed circle opposite Q[n] (tangent
+                    to Q[n-1]--Q[n+1], and to the extensions of
+                    Q[n]--Q[n-1] and Q[n]--Q[n+1] outside the triangle)
+ninepointcircle Q   The circle through the base of all three altitudes,
+                    through all three midpoints of the sides and through
+                    the points on each median that is halfway
+                    between the corner and the common intersection of
+                    the medians.
+
+And commands that produce points related to a triangle:
+incenter Q              center of  incircle Q (= intersection of angle
+                        bisectors)
+circumcenter Q          center of  circumcircle Q
+excenter n of Q         center of excircle n of Q
+ninepointcenter Q       center of  ninepointcircle Q
+
+None of the triangle related command integrated into mfpic yet.
+
+Added command  pathcenter c  which obtains the center of a circle  c
+(or a rectangle  c!)  by finding the intersection of the perpendicular
+bisectors of two chords. It will happily find the "center" of any path.
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Rewrote  \function,  \plrfcn  and  \parafcn  so they all simply define
+\mfp@fcnname  to the appropriate grafbase command name and call the
+same macro to write the code. As with a lot of other commands, we now
+write the old shorter commands when the new parameter (in this case the
+tension) is absent:  \function {...}  produces "function (true) (...)"
+while \function[s1.5]{...} produces "tfunction (true) (1.5) (...)".
+In retrospect it would have made cleaner code if I had placed the extra
+"t" at the end of the name and the tension parameter at the beginning of
+the parameters.
+
+Made similar changes to  \btwnfcn  and  \plrregion .
+
+All the commands that have an optional argument for the color (\draw,
+\gfill,  \arrow  and all the hatching commands) now have an empty value
+for color as the default. When the color is empty we write the old
+simpler commands. That is, "\draw..." or "\draw[]..." produces
+"drawn ..." rather than "colordrawn (drawcolor) ..." Trying to
+streamline the output file.
+
+Added optional argument to  \circle  (similar to the ones for  \arc). So
+the circle through three points can be easily drawn, filled, etc.
+
+Renamed  \@graphdp  to  \@graphbot,  since it is not the TeX depth, but
+the coordinate of the bottom recalculated after each  \tlabel .  Also
+\@graphht -> \@graphtop for the consistency.
+
+Streamlined some aspects of tlabel macros, reducing number of
+macros in the chain. Also keep track of the  \@graphleft, etc.,
+calculations so that we can later set the label on the graph with only
+two kerns and no \if-clauses.  \tb@moveright  is the accumulated value to
+kern horizontally, and  \tb@raise  is the amount to move vertically.
+
+Streamlined \tlabel<path> macros, including consolidating main code into
+one, rather than two alternative macros.
+
+Added  \@firstofone  and use it in place of  \mfp@identity .  Also use it
+when passing a pair of coordinates for  \tlabel : provides grouping that
+is not stripped by parameter matching, but also not written into output
+file.
+
+Assigned numbers to axes:  x=0,  y=1,  l=2,  b=3,  r=4,  t=5 .  Defined
+\get@axisnum  similar to  \tlabeljustify  to assign the numbers, and can
+now use  \ifnum  in  \axis  and  \ifcase  in  \axislabels  to branch on.
+This also consolidates the error message in one place.
+
+Rewrote the \endmfpic debug messages to give me information I want to
+see: compare \@graphleft and \@graphright with \wd\@wholegraph, etc.
+
+Rewrote  \plottext  under the assumption that all points are specified
+as in other plotting commands: pairs separated by commas (i.e., no
+braces). Changed docs to reflect it.
+
+Redid  \axislabels  so that it could proceed gracefully on an empty
+argument.  In fact...
+
+Added  \mfp@ifempty  as an abbreviation for
+    \if~#1~\@xp\@firstoftwo \else \@xp\@secondoftwo\fi
+to make several such changes possible.  Redid  \do@mtparam  using it.  
+
+
+Docs:
+
+Documented some aspects of MF naming conventions (basically: no
+suffixes) and suggested only letters be used.
+
+
+REVISION 0.65 alpha
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Rename \mfp@metaposttrue to \mfp@mposttrue, etc.
+
+Since  \@mfp@mposttrue  is never otherwise used, we don't define it
+(i.e., remove \newif command), instead, replace its use in
+\mfp@mposttrue with \global\let\if@mfp@mpost\iftrue . Similar
+changes for the false version and for other switches: \if@mfp@clip,
+\if@mfp@centcapt (formerly \if@mfp@centercaptions), \if@mfp@mplabels
+
+Added  \mfp@ifmpost{1}{2}  as shorthand for  \if@mfp@mpost 1\else 2\fi.
+Added  \@ifmplabels{1}{2}  as shorthand for  \if@mfp@mplabels 1\else 2\fi.
+
+Added  \xxxfalse  (initializations). Though unnecessary, it provides
+documentation of the default.
+
+Renamed  \@if@mfp@beforefileopen  to  \@if@mfp@filenotopen  (since it
+could conceivably have been previously opened but then closed).
+
+Added  \setdatadashes,  \setdatacolors,  and  setdatasymbols,  to allow
+the user to set the dashing style, colors and symbols used when
+\dashedlines,  \coloredlines , or \pointedlines  (or  \datapointsonly),
+respectively,  are in effect. (later removed them, see below).
+
+Added  \@nameuse  and  \@namedef  and replaced a several lines of code
+with shorter versions using them.
+
+Added  \@ifmtarg  (from  ifmtarg.sty)  and use it when possible instead
+of  \mfp@ifempty
+
+Reordered much of both  mfpic.dtx  and  grafbase.dtx  (many times!) to
+make documentation more natural.
+
+Rather extensive revision of  \axislabels , mainly so that braces around
+the text argument are not prematurely stripped (bug introduced when we
+tried to "gracefully" handle empty portions of the arguments).
+
+Added  \@makeother  and used it in \mfp@sanitize.
+
+Removed a number of  \newif's : those whose values are always set by
+another command. These commands now contain  \let\ifxxx\iftrue  instead
+of  \xxxtrue . This saves a couple of strings of pool.
+
+Added  \mf@T  for the frequently used string  "true" , and  \mf@F  for
+"false" .
+
+Removed  grafdoc.tex  from the manifest  (grafbase.dtx  documents the
+grafbase macros). Also removed  mf-revu.tex  (because I'm lazy).
+But will add  mfpguide.tex  as a short intro/tutorial.
+
+Set  \@mfp@verbtexfalse  after writing the verbatimtex in
+\opengraphsfile (in case it a user tries to have more than one
+\opengraphsfile  command in a document).
+
+The utility  \mfp@gettoks  that was only used in  \tmtitle  and
+\mftitle  has now been used to abbreviate similar  \afterassignment
+constructs elsewhere.
+
+Rewrote  \curve  and  \cyclic  so both call the same command (as was
+done some time ago with  \polyline  and  \polygon  though not documented
+until now).
+
+Rewrote  \noship  and added  \stopshipping  and  \resumeshipping  so that
+shipping can be turned off for several figures.
+
+Simplifies  \mfpdatacomment  so that it just sets the register
+\@datacommentchar  to the character code.  Then  \mfp@setcomment
+changes the category of  \@datacommentchar  to 14 (comment).
+
+Added  \transformpath , similar to  \applyT  except that it is a
+modification macro for figures. It's argument is a transformer
+
+Added  \cutoffafter {<obj>}  and  \cutoffbefore {<obj>}  as prefix
+macros that cut the following path after its intersection with the named
+<obj>  (a name defined with  \store)
+
+Added  \trimpath{<dim1>,<dim2>} , a prefix macro that removes the part
+of the following path within  <dim1>  of its start and within  <dim2>
+of its end.
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Added  transformedpath (transformer) expr f  that reads a path  f , applies
+the transformer and returns the result. This is to supply the correct
+syntax for the  \transformpath  macro.
+
+Added  gbcutafter  and  gbcutbefore . Unlike the similarly named MP
+macros, these try to cut off as much as possible. Later changed the
+names to cutoffafter and cutoffbefore, but gave them standard mfpic
+syntax:  "vardef cutoffbefore (expr b) expr f =".  Also reverted to
+essentially the same as the MP definitions.
+
+Added  trimmedpath (expr a,b)  to implement  \trimpath .
+
+Rewrote  textovalx  and  textellipsex  so they now simply call a common
+command,  xellipse  with a switch set that affects only two lines of the
+calculations.
+
+Slightly revised MF handling of colors. Now the only real difference
+between MF and MP is in one macro,  makeclr , plus the "color" keyword
+("color" still means "numeric" in MF).  What makeclr does is accept
+three parameters and calculate a gray level in MF, but simply return a
+color triple in MP. Then  rgb(r, g, b) means
+  makeclr(snapto(r), snapto(g), snapto(b))
+while all other color functions (except  named ) call  rgb .
+
+
+REVISION 0.66 alpha
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Will try to converge behavior of labels between options  mplabels  and
+nomplabels . Therefor, we add the labels in grafbase on top of the
+drawing, after any clipping. We do this in  newgblabel (oh, yes, I
+renamed newabel to newgblabel)  by adding the label to their own
+picture:  currentlabels. Then  currentlabels  is added onto the picture
+as the very last thing in  endmfpic .
+
+Added  emin(x,y)  and  emax(x,y)  as  somewhat more efficient versions
+of  min()  and  max() .  They are vardefs and take two expression
+arguments rather than a text parameter with an arbitrary list.
+
+Added the possibility for  textrectx  to be given "maximally" rounded
+corners: each quarter circle meets the one at the nearest corner so the
+end is a semicircle. This is done by allowing the radius parameter to be
+a boolean. When it is true, maximal roundedness is used, when false the
+corners are not rounded. Provided a  mfpic  interface by defining the
+boolean variable  roundends,  which is true by default.
+
+Added  TruncateWarn  and  NoCycleWarn , that print common warning
+messages.
+
+Added  pointcolor , the color in which points are drawn by  pointd  and
+in which symbols are drawn by  plotsymbol . Now implement  pointd  with
+plotsymbol .  However  plotnodes , being a drawing command, uses
+drawcolor .
+
+Removed  "withcolor fillcolor" from the definition of  interior , which
+is normally only used in  grafbase.mp  in some other command that has a
+color parameter. The only really "benefit" of having it there was a
+dubious one:  plotsymbol  produced  fillcolor  solid symbols and
+drawcolor  open ones. Now all are in  pointcolor . Also moved a couple
+of other instances of  withcolor  out of low level commands and into
+higher level commands.
+
+Removed the color parameter from  thatchf . For MF to respond to
+hatchcolor , the color has to be invoked when the hatching is added to
+active_plane , and only the higher level command,  thatch , does that.
+
+Rearranged some of  grafbase.dtx  for documentation purposes. I am
+trying to follow this order: bitwise operations, picture manipulation
+commands with use-motivated names, and then the rendering commands that
+use those to manipulate  active_plane, finally followed by the graph
+coordinate rendering commands.
+
+Added vardefs  pnt@#(f) ,  pre@#(f)  and  post@#(f)  as abbreviations
+for  point @# of f ,  precontrol @# of f  and  postcontrol @# of f .
+
+Changed a few "max (x,0)" to "abs(x)".  These had mostly been not
+well-thought-out attempts to gracefully handle erroneous negative values
+of "x". The "abs(x)" versions avoid problems in more situations
+
+Mfpic:
+
+I will eventually move the import of the picture from the beginning of
+the environment  (\mfpic)  to the end (\endmfpic). Labels (when TeX is
+placing them) will be kept in a separate box, and it will be added onto
+the picture at the end.
+
+The optional parameter of  \tlabelrect  may now be the literal word
+"roundends". This will make the radius of the quarter circles equal to
+half the narrower dimension of the rectangle, giving the "rectangle"
+semicircular ends.
+
+Added  \pointcolor  for setting the color of points (for \point) and for
+symbols  (\plotsymbol), but  \plotnodes  is interpreted as a drawing
+command, and so still uses  \drawcolor.
+
+Changed (again!) the name of \@if@mfp@filenotopen, this time to
+\@if@mfp@fileisopen, reversing its sense, and reversed the order of all
+commands.
+
+Moved the undefining of  \mfp@filename  in  \closegraphsfile  outside
+the conditional (just in case).
+
+
+
+REVISION 0.67 alpha
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Added  knownarray suffix arr,  which returns a boolean: true if  arr  is
+the name of a known array (arr  is numeric and a positive integer and
+arr[1]  through  arr[arr]  are known). Added  isdashpat suffix pat,
+which applies  knownarray  to  pat.start,  pat.rep  and  pat.finish.
+
+Added  defaultdashes,  defaultsymbols,  and  defaultcolors,  which
+contains the code to define  dashtype0, etc.,  pointtype0, etc., and
+colortype0, etc.
+
+Added  setdatadashes,  setdatasymbols,  and  setdatacolors  to allow the
+user to change the definitions of the  dashtype,  pointtype,  and
+colortype  arrays.
+
+Added  getdashpat,  getsymbol,  and  getcolor  which perform the modding
+operation that used to be done in TeX for reverting (for example) to
+pointtype0  after the ninth curve is drawn by  \plotdata.
+
+Changed  thepolkadot  (in MF) so it is shaded.  But we should make it
+cover other contents of a region, and we need to subtract black ones
+before we add gray ones. Done.
+
+Added  regularpolygon (expr n) (suffix P) (text eqns),  where  n
+is the number of sides,  P  is the name of the array of vertices, and
+eqns is a pair of equations specifying either the center,  P0,  and one
+vertex, or two vertices.  Vertices are numbered anticlockwise (otherwise
+two points are not enough data).
+
+Added variables  default_tension  and  fcn_tension  to be used as the
+default in path creation commands instead of the hard coded values 1 and
+1.2.
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Realized that the opening code of  \mfpic  no longer needs to know the
+setting of  truebbox. No longer make it an error to use it in an  mfpic
+environment.
+
+Replaced the three commands  \setdatadashes,  \setdatacolors etc., with
+a single command  \reconfigureplot  which takes the word  `dashes',
+`colors',  or  `symbols'  for an argument.  Added  \defaultplot  which
+takes the same arguments and restores the builtin defaults.
+
+Changed name of  \partialpath  to  \partpath.
+
+Added  \regpolygon{n}{P}{<eqn1>}{<eqn2>}  which writes
+reguralpolygon (n) (P) (<eqn1>;<eqn2>;)  (see above).
+
+Moved the loading of the figure to  \endmfpic.  Now  tlabels  are added
+to a box  \@alltlabels  which is appended to the figure right after it
+is loaded. This helps keep most of the box loading in one place. It also
+permits the possibility of adding a write-18 capability for on-the-fly
+figure creation.
+
+Added  \mpobj  as a synonym for  \mfobj.
+
+Added  \settension  to set the grafbase variable  default_tension.
+and  \setfcntension  to set the grafbase variable  fcn_tension.
+
+Docs:
+
+Started  mfpguide.tex,  a beginner's tutorial.
+
+Renamed  mfpicdoc.tex  to  mfpicman.tex  (can't remember why -- maybe
+because I got it confused with  mfpdoc.sty).
+
+
+REVISION 0.68 alpha
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Improved  fcncurve:  fcncontrol  does `the right thing' when two
+successive points have the same x-coordinate. This gives the curve a
+decent ending if, instead of extending the sequence by symmetry (in
+order to calculate the controls for the endpoints) we extend by making
+the additional points equal to the endpoints. Looks _so_ much better!
+That was surprising given that all I tried to do was avoid dividing by
+0!
+
+Modified  plotnodes  as well as  plotsymbol  so that both store the
+relevant pairs in an array and call  dosymbols,  which draws the symbol
+at each coordinate in the array.  And  dosymbols  call another command,
+addsymbols,  one or two times (once to clear).
+
+Added boolean:  clearsymbols.  When true, those symbols place by
+plotsymbol  or  plotnodes  which are `clearable' (open paths that satisfy
+their first point equals their last) are first closed and filled with
+background color in MP (cleared in MF) before being drawn.
+
+Added complex function  sgn Z : returns 0 if  Z  is  (0,0)  otherwise
+unitvector Z.
+
+Modified  shadepic. The main point to make sure we don't divide by 0.
+But also, set dimensions for the picture by doing the lowest resolution
+first (thus ensuring both dimensions are at least 2 _pixels_).
+
+Modified the arrowhead routine so that when the head is filled, the
+extra line that closes the head is also drawn.
+
+Modified  arcpps  so that angles less than 45 are drawn as a single
+segment without passing through a midpoint.
+
+Modified  pathcenter c  so it can find the center when  c  is only an
+arc.
+
+Added  barycenter expr t  to average the points of the the path  t.
+
+Added  makesector expr p,  where  p  is an arc (or any path). Connects
+pathcenter p  to its endpoints.  Could be a little more accurate if we
+limited it to  arcpps  and used  arccenter.
+
+Added boolean:  overlaylabels.  When true, labels are added to
+current_labels,  which is then overlayed at  endmfpic (new behavior),
+when false, labels are added immediately to  active_plane.
+
+Changed these so they produce a path (line segment); used to be they
+returned the endpoint. (You can get the point by invoking
+"point 1 of altitude n of Q".)
+
+altitude n of Q         the altitude from Q[n] to the opposite side
+                        (produced if necessary).
+median n of Q           the median from Q[n] to the opposite side
+anglebisector n of Q    the angle bisector from Q[n] to the opposite
+                        side
+
+Added
+    tbezier (expr tens, cyclic) (text lst)
+which makes the simple cubic bezier (connects the points in the list
+with  ..tension tens.. ), as well as its non-tense counterpart  bezier.
+Also added
+    mkbezier (expr tens, cyclic) (suffix pts)
+which is called by the above after loading the text list in the
+the array  pts.
+
+For quadratic  Be'ziers we have  qbezier,  and  mkqbezier.
+
+Removed  fcn_tension,  using instead 1.2*default_tension.  This is for
+consistency, all curves responding to the same default
+
+Added  verbatimtex  definition to  grafbase.mf.  It just gobbles
+everything to the next semicolon.
+
+Redid  openqbs  and  closedqbs  so they behave like most other
+path-making commands: they call textpairs and then some common code,
+mkqbs  with the name of an array. Also redid  mkclosedcbs  so it
+utilizes  mkopencbs.
+
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Changed the axis commands so they explicitly call  \arrow.  The purpose
+was to ensure that the arrowhead is drawn _after_ the shaft.
+Significant only for colored heads. This turns out to make  axis@#  in
+grafbase  unnecessary  \arrow[l##1]\@figmac{axisline.##2} is all that is
+required.
+
+Added  \makesector,  a  \@closmac  prefix that can make a sector out of
+a following arc. Useful when the arc is given without a known center
+([t]  or  [s]).
+
+Added  \let\@nl=\@activectrlM  to  \@mfwrite  so that  \@nl  can
+be used for line breaks when catcodes of EOL are already fixed (e.g., in
+macro definitions)
+
+Added check to  \opengraphsfile  that no previous file is still open.
+
+Added  \clearsymbols  \noclearsymbols  to interface with the  grafbase
+clearsymbols  boolean. Added  clearsymbols  LaTeX option
+
+Added  \newdef\pinumber{3.14159}.
+
+Added new option:  overlaylabels  and commands  \overlaylabels  and
+\nooverlaylabels.  Similar in implementation to  truebbox:  a TeX
+boolean is used only to communicate the setting to  \opengraphsfile
+before a file is open. Otherwise a MetaPost boolean (above) is switched
+on or off.
+
+Moved  \@processdatafile  outside  \@mfpic@graf@macs. Also moved
+\skipBlanksandComments  and definition of  \mfp@data  since they are
+used by  \@processdatafile. Also moved  \skipcoomments  because it
+seemed it should go along with  \skipBlanksandComments.  Then I rewrote
+the latter to actually call  \skipcomments,  so now it _has_ to go where
+it goes.
+
+Renamed  \mfp@empty  to  \@empty.
+
+Added  \pairarray{<name>}{<list-of-pairs>}  and
+\numericarray{<name>}{<list-of-numbers>}. They define, respectively, an
+array of pairs and an array of numbers. They can be used outside an  mfpic
+environments (unlike  \patharr), and have the usual scoping properties.
+
+Added  \mfbezier[<tens>]{<list>}  to interface with grafbase's new
+bezier  command.  Also  \closedmfbezier.
+
+And the equivalent of (a sequence of) LaTeX  \qbezier:  \qbeziers  and
+\closedqbeziers.
+
+Removed  \setfcntension  because  grafbase's  fcn_tension  was removed.
+Adjusted docs.
+
+Renamed  \if@mfp@mpost  to  \ifmfpmpost  so power users can use it to
+write code dependent on the figure processor. The commands to change it
+are still private:  \mfp@mposttrue/false .
+
+Added the test for file being open to  \setmfvariable.  Saves a lot of
+tokens.  It seems we never used it without  \@if@mfp@fileisopen. Require
+moving it considerably earlier.
+
+Added  \mfp@let  as abbreviation for  \mfp@local\let.  Likewise
+\mfp@def.
+
+Renamed  \mfp@addto  to  \mfpaddto  for power users (i.e., me) and added
+\mfpmultiply  (same syntax and similar effect).
+
+Renamed  \@if@mfp@fileisopen  to  \@ifmfpfileisopen  (it was just too
+many @'s !)
+
+Changed  \everytlabel  so it tests for  metapost rather than mplabels.
+This allows it to be used anywhere without worrying whether  \nomplabels
+might have cancelled its effect.
+
+Renamed  \massage@data  to  \parse@data.
+
+Make sure every write of  verbatimtex ... etex  ends with a semicolon so
+it can be used by  grafbase.mf  (see above).
+
+
+Docs:
+
+First version of  mfpguide.tex  finished. Writing it exposed a number of
+bugs that got by the usual suite of tests. It is the first documentation
+that actually shows the code and its result together.
+
+Second version of  mfpguide.tex,  adds appendices.  Planning to ship a
+PDF version.
+
+
+REVISION 0.69 alpha and 0.69a
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Rewrote  \do@ptparam  so its first parameter is the command token (e.g.,
+\do@ptparam\@draw{} instead of the old \do@ptparam{@draw}{}). Added a
+command  \simple@opt  to process simple optional arguments (those that
+don't need further parsing), it calls a second command to read the
+option, substitute the default if empty, and then call the command with
+the given or supplied option as a normal (brace enclosed) argument. The
+idea is to make all empty optional arguments the same as none at all.
+Added a command \null@opt which is essentially \do@ptparam with a null
+second argument. It turns out that now all commands can be handled by
+the last two:  \do@ptparam  and  \alt@ptparam  are not used anywhere
+anymore, although the bare "\mfp@ifnextchar[" does appear once or twice.
+
+Make  \gridlines  honor the settings of \axismargin (see grafbase
+section below).
+
+Added  \hgridlines  to draw only the horizontal and  \vgridlines  to
+draw only the vertical.
+
+Added  \gridarcs  and  \gridrays  to draw only the arcs or rays of a
+polar grid.
+
+Added  \setmfboolean  for  \setmfvariable{boolean}.
+Added  \setmfnumeric  for  \setmfvariable{numeric}.
+
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Rewrote  gridlines  to honor the axis margins (laxis,  baxis,  raxis,
+and  taxis).
+
+Added  hgridlines (expr ysp)  and  vgridlines (expr xsp)
+
+Corrected  polargrid.  How did it ever last this long without a bug
+report? The computation of  rmin  was wrong, and it seems a semicolon
+was missing!  Added  gridarcs (expr rstep)  to draw only the arcs, and
+gridrays (tstep)  for only the rays.  Complemented  plrpatch  with
+patcharcs  and  patchrays  for this purpose.
+
+Corrected  polargrid  again!  It seems the calculation of max and min
+angles didn't take into account that  angle (0,0)  was undefined but
+could occur in the code.
+
+Redid  resizedrawpen  to  save  drawpen  and  currentpen  (not just
+penwd).
+
+Removed  mindiam  and substituted  minpenwd  in the MP version (they
+were equal anyway).
+
+Added \InputIfFileExists{mfpic.cfg} in the LaTeX section just before
+\ProcessOptions. Added code to detect and input  mfppatch.tex  if it
+exists.
+
+Docs:
+
+Added a file plotting example to  pictures.tex  and  lapictures.tex.
+
+Added some of the new commands to  Objects.tex . Converted  Objects.tex
+to use built-in  \ifmfpmpost  instead of the ad hoc  \ifmetapost
+defined in  TeXMPobj.tex  and  LTXMPobj.tex.
+
+Renamed  mfpicman.tex  to  mfpman.tex.
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Packed up for distribution in mfpic69b.zip:
+
+    mfpic.dtx
+    grafbase.dtx
+    mfpic.ins
+    README.txt
+    install.txt
+    changes.txt
+    mfpman.pdf
+    mfpguide.pdf
+    examlpes\pictures.tex
+    examlpes\lapictures.tex
+    examlpes\forfun.tex
+    examlpes\data.dat
+    scr\mfpman.tex
+    scr\mfpguide.tex
+    scr\refcard.tex
+    scr\mfpdoc.sty
+
+And placed on web site.
+
+
+REVISION 0.69c alpha
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Redid  gendashed  so that it balances speed versus memory: If there are
+n  repeated patterns, add  sqrt(_n)  of them to the picture  _v,  then
+DoClip (_v); coloraddto (drawcolor) (active_plane, _v); <repeat>.  Doing
+that for each pattern was too slow, doing it only once wasted memory.
+
+Put on web site.
+
+
+REVISION 0.69d
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Modified  barchart  so that the data can be pairs. Interpret  (a,b)
+as an interval and creates bars that begin at  a  and end at  b  (Gantt
+diagrams).
+
+Added  predirection@# (expr p)  and  postdirection@# (expr p)  which
+give correct results *whenever* the path  p  is nontrivial.  Based on
+the easily prove fact (which I only recently discovered) that for a
+nontrivial single knot with keypoints  A, B, C and D, the direction at A
+is towards the first one of B, C or D that is not equal to A. The
+predirection[j] returns  (0,0)  if the path is trivial. If the path is
+trivial upto time  j,  it returns  postdirection[j].  postdirection[j]
+is analogous.
+
+Changed  headpath  to use  predirection[length p](p)  instead of
+point length p of p - precontrol length p of p.
+
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Added  \gantt  (= \barchart)
+
+
+Distribution:
+
+Placed on web site, announced on c.t.t.
+
+
+REVISION 0.69e
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Somehow the last version of grafbase included failed to include a
+long-ago change to  colorsafefill  in which non-black fills first
+subtract the interior under MF. Corrected that.
+
+Experimented with a  O(log n)  loop for  filledwith.  Made no significant
+difference in speed in tests. Must be the extra overhead. Keeping old
+O(n) method.
+
+Experimented with using  "..tension atleast tens.." in  mksmooth  and
+sclosed.  All other tension using operations either call these or
+require different treatment. The one case in the test suite where a
+visible difference occured, it looked worse. Returned to old method.
+
+Proofed  grafbase.dvi,  the documentation of grafbase macros.
+
+
+Docs:
+
+Proofed  mfpguide.
+
+
+REVISION 0.69f
+
+Mfpic:
+
+Made  [cc]  the default for  \tlabelrect,  etc.  Added command
+\tlpathjustify  to change the default.
+
+Added code to input local additions, defaults, etc., in  mfpic.usr,  if
+it exists.
+
+Changed  \let\par\relax  to  \let\par\@empty at the beginning of
+\@mfpic.  It isn't really necessary to use  \relax,  we just want
+to disable blank lines, we don't necessarily want to skip over them in
+\mfp@ifnextchar.  In fact, for catching errors, it is better if a blank
+line stops  \mfp@ifnextchar.
+
+Grafbase:
+
+New definition of  image  (writing on  active_plane)  prevents use of
+plain.mp  macros  (draw  and  undraw,  for example) inside it.  Revert
+to  plain.mp  version.
+
+Change  patcharcs  and  patchrays  so they draw on a suffix parameter
+This avoids the use of  image  and saves memory since drawing on a
+picture takes less memory (in some circumstances) than creating a
+picture and then assigning it. Actually, the least memory would be to
+clip each line as created and add that directly to active_plane.
+
+Re-examined use (or lack of use) of mono().  Added a few.
+
+
+REVISION 0.69g
+
+Packed it up in mfpic69g.zip and put it on my web site.
+
+Docs:
+
+Added documentation that several arrays become defined after a
+\piechart  or  \barchart  command.
+
+Added documentation on  \mfpicversion.  Added a couple of overlooked
+\index  entries and a couple of commands omitted from the "by type"
+list.
+
+Grafbase:
+
+Modified  piechart  and  barchart  so that the documentation about
+arrays was correct  What was missing:  pieangle  and  piedirection
+(without numeric suffixes) were not declared, nor given the correct
+value.
+
+Modified code of  textrectx  so that documentation of  \tlabelrect  was
+accurate: negative values of the optional argument should now produce
+indented arcs and reversed path. All that needed doing was reversing the
+order of the path connections for negative radii.
+
+Fine tune the calculation of gray level for the MP version of  shade  so
+that the result more closely matches the MF version on modern printers
+(600+ DPI). Formula is now  gray = 1 - (.88*shadewd/sp)**2, which gives
+a lighter gray than before.  We therefore rewrite the MF code to permit
+shadewd  to be as high as  sp/.88  before resorting to filling. The
+number .88 was empirically arrived at (i.e. I determined what number
+made most of the MP and MF shaded figures in Objects.tex look the most
+similar on two different printers; then I averaged the two values).
+
+Change  pi  and  deg  to internals (along with  radians).
+
+Make  plrpatch  do what it used to do: draw in  drawcolor.  Also change
+polarpatch  back to calling  plrpatch.
+
+
+REVISION 0.7 beta, 14 Nov 2003
+
+Packed up and put on web page and CTAN.
+
+
+REVISION 0.7a beta, 16 Apr 2004
+
+Change one semicolon (;) in a string written by  \opengraphsfile  to a
+colon (:) to work around a bug in the perl scripts mptopdf and/or
+texexec.
+
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+                              Stuff To Do
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+                          Pie-in-the-sky stuff
+
+A command to obtain the boundary of a region defined by  F(x,y), where
+F  is a boolean valued function. Easy if the region is convex.
+
+A command to draw a path paralleling another path.  Will need
+predirection  and  postdirection  and some notion of what to do when
+they differ. Inside corners/cusps should be easy,
+
+   /\       /\
+  /  \ --> /  \
+ /    \   / /\ \
+
+outside corners might need some limit on "mitering":
+          __         /\
+         /  \       /  \
+ /\ --> / /\ \  or / /\ \ or a rounded (circular?) connection.
+
+
+A command to render a path with a "photon"?
+
+Try 'write18' on-the-fly creation of figures? Most straightforward would
+be to mimic \opengraphsfile with each \mfpic. That would require
+rethinking those commands that write to the graph file _outside_ an
+mfpic figure. Maybe redo \mfsrc so it added to some macro or token list,
+and write _that_ after the file is opened.
+
+Or maybe:  \opengraphsfile  at beginning of document, then
+\closegraphsfile just before processing the figure, then \opengraphsfile
+again right afterwards. Then only commands we insert occur when a file
+is closed.
+
+Truebbox for MF?  Might be done if every drawing command kept track of
+bounding boxes (commands that fill, hatch, etc. already get this info
+with  gbbox). Would just need to add it to plotsymbol (for pointd  and
+plotnodes) and to the drawing commands (drawn, gendashed, etc.).  Might
+want to skip the lower-level things like safedraw, safefill, etc. (or
+maybe add it _only_ there). Don't want to do it for anything that
+doesn't add to active_plane. But some things only add pictures to
+active_plane and by then it's impossible to determine the size. Once a
+bounding box is known, endmfpic can adjust tfm dimensions. and shift the
+picture before shipout.
+
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/data.dat b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/data.dat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..24db6380230
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/data.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+### File: data.dat
+### A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+###
+# A file of data to plot a function curve
+# (Sharp, not percent, must be comment character when this is read.)
+
+
+#
+-10%    11.68# This is a comment
+ -9%    9.62
+ -8.5%  8.445
+ -8%    8.28
+ -7.5%   5.865  unused: random list, of, words,,,
+ -7%     5.5
+# This is not a blank line
+ -5.5%   3.445
+ -5%     1
+ -4.5%   1.965
+ -4%     2.14
+ -3.5%   2.985
+ -2.5%  -1.215
+ -2%     1.52
+ -0.5%   1.545
+  0%     0.42
+  0.5%  -0.435
+  1%     0.96
+  2.5%  -1.235
+  3%     0.94
+  3.5%   0.165
+  4%     0.28
+  5%     1.1
+  5.5%   3.145
+  6%     1.94
+  6.5%   5.505
+  7%     3.44
+  9.5%   8.925
+ 10%     9.84
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/forfun.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/forfun.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f9279a8763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/forfun.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+%%% File: forfun.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+\nopagenumbers
+\input mfpic.tex
+\usemetapost
+\usetruebbox
+\opengraphsfile{forfun}
+
+\mfpicunit=1bp
+
+\noindent
+\mfpic[1]{-1.25}{118.5}{-11.25}{40}
+
+% meta-ness:
+\mfsrc{h:=25; % height of "m"
+       s:=10; % width of stems
+}
+
+% Calculate key points:
+\mfsrc{% the "m"
+z1=(0,0);
+y1=y2=y5=y6=y9=y10;
+x2-x1=x6-x5=x10-x9=s;
+x6-x1=x10-x5=h;
+z15-z1=z3-z2=z4-z5=z7-z6=z8-z9=z11-z10=(0,h/2);
+y12=y1+h; x12=.5[x6,x9];
+y14=y12; x14=.5[x2,x5];
+z13= arcppp(z7,z14,z15) intersectionpoint arcppp(z11,z12,z4);}
+
+\mfsrc{% the "f"
+z21=z10; % start "f" where the "m" ends
+z22=z21+(s,0);
+z23=z22+(0,h-s);
+z24=z23+(3s/4,0);
+z25=z24+(0,s);
+z26=z23+(0,s);
+z27=z26+(0,s/4);
+z28=z27+(s/4,0)+ (s/4)*dir(30);
+z29=z28+s*dir(30);
+x30=x21; y30=y27;}%
+
+\mfsrc{% the "p"
+x31=x24;
+y31=y21;
+z32=z31-(0,s);
+z33=z32+(s,0);
+z35=(x33,h/2);
+z39=z31+(h,h)/2; %center of round part
+z34=(z33--z35) intersectionpoint (fullcircle scaled h shifted z39);
+z36=z39+(h/2,0);
+z37=z31+(0,h/2);}%
+
+\mfsrc{% the "i"
+z41=(x36,y31);
+z42=z41+(s,0);
+z43=z42+(0,h);
+z44=z41+(0,h);
+x45=0.5[x41,x42]; y45=y43 + s/2 +3/50;}% Center of dot
+
+\mfsrc{% the "c"
+z51=z42;
+z52=z51+(h,h)/2; %center
+z53=z52+(h/2)*dir(15);
+z54=z52-(h/2,0);
+z55=z52+(h/2)*dir(-15);
+z56=z52+(s/4)*dir(-15);
+z57=z52-(s/4,0);
+z58=z52+(s/4)*dir(15);}%
+
+\pen{2.5*\the\mfpicunit}
+
+% Calculate bounding box
+
+\mfsrc{%
+% Need to account for half the thickness of pen;
+% penwd is in absolute units so we need to convert.
+% This is a displacement, so use invvconv (not invzconv):
+begingroup
+save border,ll,ur;
+pair border,ll,ur; border:= invvconv((penwd,penwd))/2;
+ll=(0,y32)-border;
+ur=(x55,y30+(x29-x30)/2)+border;}
+
+\gfill[yellow]\rect{ll,ur}
+
+\mfsrc{endgroup;}
+
+\fillcolor{blue}
+\drawcolor{green}
+
+\mftitle{m}
+\draw\gfill\lclosed
+ \connect
+  \lines{z15,z1,z2,z3}
+  \arc[s]{z3,z4,-180}
+  \lines{z4,z5,z6,z7}
+  \arc[s]{z7,z8,-180}
+  \lines{z8,z9,z10,z11}
+  \arc[t]{z11,z12,z13}
+  \arc[t]{z13,z14,z15}
+ \endconnect
+
+
+\mftitle{f}
+\draw\gfill\lclosed
+ \connect
+  \lines{z21,z22,z23,z24,z25,z26,z27}
+  \arc[s]{z27,z28,-150}
+  \lines{z28,z29}
+  \arc[s]{z29,z30,150}
+ \endconnect
+
+\mftitle{p}
+\draw\gfill\lclosed
+ \connect
+  \lines{z31,z32,z33,z34}
+  \arc[t]{z34,z36,z37}
+ \endconnect
+
+\draw\gfill[yellow]\circle{z39,(h/2-s)}
+
+\mftitle{i}
+\draw\gfill\lclosed\lines{z41,z42,z43,z44}
+\draw\gfill\circle{z45,s/2}
+
+\mftitle{c}
+\draw\gfill\lclosed
+ \connect
+  \arc[t]{z53,z54,z55}
+  \arc[t]{z56,z57,z58}
+ \endconnect
+
+\endmfpic
+
+\closegraphsfile%{forfun}
+\bye
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/install.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/install.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e881942298
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/install.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+%%% File: instruct.txt
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+
+This is an alpha-test version of mfpic. See README.txt for a list of
+files and a brief description of each.
+
+Generating and installing the files
+-----------------------------------
+
+-- Put mfpic.ins, mfpic.dtx and grafbase.dtx in the same temporary
+   directory and change to that directory. Run latex on mfpic.ins, which
+   should produce the five files
+      mfpic.tex
+      mfpic.sty
+      grafbase.mf
+      grafbase.mp
+      dvipsnam.mp
+
+-- If you have an older version of mfpic, remove the old files with the
+   same names as the above five from your TeX directories, or ensure
+   that the following procedure overwrites them (back them up somewhere
+   else first if you wish).
+
+-- Copy mfpic.tex (and mfppatch.tex, if it exists) where TeX or LaTeX
+   will find it, and mfpic.sty where LaTeX will find it. On any TDS
+   compliant system (such as teTeX, fpTeX, TeXLive, or MiKTeX) they can
+   both be put in $TEXMF/tex/generic/mfpic/ (where $TEXMF indicates a
+   directory serving as a root of a texmf tree).
+
+-- Copy grafbase.mp and dvipsnam.mp where MetaPost will find them, for
+   example $TEXMF/metapost/mfpic/ .
+
+-- Copy grafbase.mf where Metafont will find it. For example,
+   $TEXMF/metafont/mfpic/ .
+
+-- Copy mfpguide.pdf and mfpman.pdf where documentation is kept. For
+   example, $TEXMF/doc/generic/mfpic/ . Optionally, copy src/*.* to the
+   LaTeX input path, and examples/*.* to either the same place or the
+   documentation area.
+
+-- If required by your TeX system (MiKTeX, teTeX, fpTeX, TeXLive
+   DO require it): UPDATE THE TeX FILENAME DATABASE !
+
+There is one optional step that may be useful (if you only wish to use
+mfpic to produce MetaPost pictures, you may skip this): find the file
+modes.mf on your system. Typically this will be in $TEXMF/metafont/misc/
+Find near the end a line similar to
+
+    localfont := ljfour;
+
+Replace, if necessary, the string "ljfour" by one of the modes listed in
+that file. At minimum, select one whose resolution (DPI) matches your
+printer and/or the configuration of your dvi viewer. If you make such a
+change, regenerate the mf.base file (fmtutil on teTeX, fpTeX or TeXLive;
+MiKTeX Options in MiKTeX). On some systems this may be named plain.base.
+
+Read mfpguide.pdf before trying anything further. If you are already
+familiar with mfpic, version 0.2.10.9 or later, you can probably get
+going right away.
+
+If you want to read the documented source code for mfpic, run latex on
+mfpic.dtx and grafbase.dtx (Peter Wilson's docmfp.sty is required
+for grafbase.dtx) 2 or 3 times each. Then run makeindex for each:
+
+    makeindex -s gind.ist -o mfpic.ind    mfpic.idx
+    makeindex -s gind.ist -o grafbase.ind grafbase.idx
+
+and then latex again (once each).  The docmfp package can be found at
+your favorite CTAN mirror. A copy of docmfp.sty is also on my web page
+(see README.txt).
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+If you desire to remake the mfpic manual (and why in the world would you
+be wanting to do a daft thing like that?), make sure mfpman.tex and
+mfpdoc.sty are in the current directory or where LaTeX can find them.
+Edit, if you like, the paper size option in the \documentclass command
+in mfpman.tex. Make sure mfpdoc.sty is where LaTeX will find it. Then
+run pdflatex two (2) times:
+
+    pdflatex mfpman
+    pdflatex mfpman
+
+then run makeindex:
+
+    makeindex mfpman
+
+then run latex two (2) more times
+
+    pdflatex mfpman
+    pdflatex mfpman
+
+The last run is required to get the index into the table of contents.
+You can use latex instead of pdflatex, but you won't get clickable links
+in the result. (I was too lazy to work out the kinks.)
+
+You could do something similar for mfpguide.tex (but that, too, would be
+daft):
+    pdflatex mfpguide
+    mpost guide.mp
+    pdflatex mfpguide
+    pdflatex mfpguide
+
+This relies on mfpic so you should probably wait to do that until after
+you are accustomed to that process. (And then take a cold shower until
+this compulsion passes.)
+
+And finally, if you forgot:
+                ****************************************
+                * ! UPDATE THE TeX FILENAME DATABASE ! *
+                ****************************************
+
+--
+Dan Luecking  (luecking at uark dot edu)
+Department of Mathematical Sciences
+University of Arkansas
+Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701-1201
+U.S.A
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/lapictures.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/lapictures.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..52a9f060d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/lapictures.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+%%% File: lapictures.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+% Magnify to same scale as pictures.tex :
+% (Use of \mag is against the law of LaTeX, but Bugs Bunny set a precedent.)
+\mag=1200
+\documentclass{article}
+
+%%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+% adjust these to your liking:
+\setlength{\paperheight}{11truein}
+\setlength{\paperwidth}{8.5truein}
+
+% Default plainTeX margins
+\setlength{\textwidth}{\paperwidth}
+\addtolength{\textwidth}{-2truein}
+\setlength{\textheight}{\paperheight}
+\addtolength{\textheight}{-2.1truein}
+\setlength{\headheight}{0in}
+\setlength{\headsep}{0in}
+\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0in}
+\setlength{\evensidemargin}{\oddsidemargin}
+\setlength{\footskip}{\baselineskip}
+
+% Add the metapost option if you prefer.
+\usepackage{mfpic}
+
+\ifx\pdfoutput\UndEfInEd
+\else
+  \setlength{\pdfpageheight}{\paperheight}
+  \setlength{\pdfpagewidth}{\paperwidth}
+\fi
+
+\opengraphsfile{pics}
+
+\setlength{\mfpframesep}{0pt}
+\headshape{1}{1}{true}
+\newcommand{\vs}{\bigskip\filbreak}
+\renewcommand\raggedright{\rightskip 0pt plus2em \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em\relax}
+\begin{document}
+\mftitle{Commutative Diagram example.}
+
+%  A-----D
+%  |\   /|
+%  | C-F |
+%  |/   \|
+%  B- - -E
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[12]{0}{10}{0}{10}
+\tlabeljustify{cc}
+\tcaption[2.0,1.0]{\raggedright{\it Figure 1:}  Commutative diagram example.}
+\tlabels{(1,9){A} (1,1){B} (3,5){C} (9,9){D} (9,1){E} (7,5){F}}
+\setrender{\draw\arrow\trimpath{6pt}}
+\lines{(1,9), (1,1)}  % A -> B.
+\lines{(1,9), (3,5)}  % A -> C.
+\lines{(3,5), (1,1)}  % C -> B.
+\lines{(1,9), (9,9)}  % A -> D.
+\lines{(9,9), (9,1)}  % D -> E.
+\lines{(9,9), (7,5)}  % D -> F.
+\lines{(7,5), (9,1)}  % F -> E.
+\lines{(3,5), (7,5)}  % C -> F.
+% B- - ->E :
+%\dotted\arrow[r90][b-12pt]\arrow[b15pt]\reverse\arrow\lines{(1.5,1), (8.5,1)}
+\dotted\arrow\arrow[b10pt]\reverse\arrow\trimpath{6pt}\lines{(1,1), (9,1)}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Function Plot with Cartesian Axes.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[20]{-3}{3}{-3}{3}
+\axes
+\function{-2,2,0.1}{((x**3)-x)/3}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 2:}  Function Plot with Cartesian Axes.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Parametric Function Plot, and Filled Circle.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[30]{-1.5}{1.5}{-1}{1}
+\parafcn{0,6,0.1}{cosd(150t)*dir(90t)}
+\gfill\circle{(0,0),0.25}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 3:}  Parametric Function Plot, and Filled Circle.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Bar Graph.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[20]{-0.5}{4}{-0.5}{4}
+\axes
+\shade\draw\rect{(0,0),(1,0.5)}
+\darkershade
+\shade\draw\rect{(1,0),(2,1)}
+\hatch\draw\rect{(2,0),(3,2)}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 4:}  Bar Graph.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Pie Chart.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[30]{-1.3}{1.7}{-1}{1.1}
+\gfill\sector{(0.3,0.2), 1, 0,60}
+\shade\sector{(0,0), 1, 60,105}
+\turtle{(0,0), \plr{(1,105)}}
+\sector{(0,0), 1, 60,360}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 5:}  Pie Chart.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\noindent Unindented text here.
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Circle with Arrow.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[20]{-2}{2}{-1}{1}
+\arrow\circle{(0,0),1}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 6:}  Circle with Arrow.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Use of hatch, draw, lclosed, connect, curve, point, lines,
+  dotted, reverse.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[20]{-3}{3}{-3}{3}
+\hatch\draw\lclosed\connect
+\curve{(1,0), (1,0.5), (1,1), (0,1.5)}
+\point{(0,0)}
+\endconnect
+\lines{(-1,1), (-1,-1), (1,-1.5)}
+\point{(0,0)}
+\dotted\reverse\lines{(-2,2), (-2,-2), (2,-3)}
+\tcaption{\rightskip= 0pt plus 3em {\it Figure 7:}  Use of hatch, draw, lclosed, connect,
+  curve, point, lines, dotted, reverse.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Simpler variant of the previous figure.}
+
+\noindent
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[40]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}  % Was `[20]'.
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 8:} Simpler variant of the previous figure.}
+\hatch\draw\lclosed\connect
+\curve{(1,0), (0.5,0.25), (0.5,0.5), (0,0.75)}
+\point{(0,0)}
+\endconnect
+\reverse\lines{(-0.5,0.5), (-0.5,-0.5), (0.5,-0.75)}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 8:} Simpler variant of the previous figure.}
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Graph of data from file.}
+
+\begin{mfpframe}
+\begin{mfpic}[6]{-10}{10}{-2}{12}
+  \makepercentother
+    \using{#1% #2 #3}{(#1,#2)}
+  \makepercentcomment
+  \mfpdatacomment\#
+  \fcncurve\datafile{data.dat}
+  \axes
+\end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpframe}
+
+\closegraphsfile
+
+\end{document}
+
+%%%
+%%%  EOF  lapictures.tex
+%%%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpdoc.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpdoc.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..674dc965061
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpdoc.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+%%% File: mfpdoc.sty
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+\ProvidesPackage{mfpdoc}[2003/11/14 v0.5 macros for mfpic documentation]
+
+\RequirePackage{ifpdf}
+
+\newcommand\mfpversion{0.7a beta}
+\newcommand\mfpdate   {2004/04/16}
+
+% Text size:
+
+\textwidth      5.4167 in
+\textheight     7.4166 in
+
+% Equal LR margins
+\oddsidemargin  0.5\paperwidth
+  \advance\oddsidemargin-.5\textwidth
+  \advance\oddsidemargin-1truein
+\evensidemargin\oddsidemargin
+
+% "Equal" TB margins (if headings are ignored).
+\topmargin      0.5\paperheight
+  \advance\topmargin-0.5\textheight
+  \advance\topmargin-\headheight
+  \advance\topmargin-\headsep
+  \advance\topmargin-1truein
+
+\ifpdf
+  \pdfpageheight\paperheight
+  \pdfpagewidth\paperwidth
+\else
+  \ifx\mfpdvipdfm\UndEfInEd
+    \special{papersize=\the\paperwidth,\the\paperheight}
+  \else
+    \special{pdf: pagesize width \the\paperwidth\space height \the\paperheight}
+  \fi
+\fi
+
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+                                   {-2.4ex \@plus -.5ex \@minus -.1ex}%
+                                   {1.0ex \@plus.1ex}%
+                                   {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                                     {-1.8ex\@plus -.4ex \@minus -.1ex}%
+                                     {.75ex \@plus .1ex}%
+                                     {\normalfont\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                                     {-1.2ex\@plus -.3ex \@minus -.1ex}%
+                                     {.5ex \@plus .1ex}%
+                                     {\normalfont\scshape\raggedright}}
+
+\def\mfpicversiontext{\prog{Mfpic} version:  \mfpversion.}
+
+\def\@maketitle{%
+  \newpage\vspace*{-2\baselineskip}
+  \ifx\mfpicversiontext\relax
+  \else
+    {\let\p@footnote\relax\let\@thempfn\relax
+    \footnotetext{\mfpicversiontext}}%
+  \fi
+  {\centering%
+    {\Large \@title \par}%
+    \vskip 1em%
+    {\large \lineskip .5em%
+      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
+        \@author
+      \end{tabular}\par}%
+    \vskip .7em%
+    {\normalsize \@date}%
+    \par
+  }%
+  \vskip 1em\relax}
+
+\def\mfpindexheading{}
+\def\mfpindexpagemarks{}
+
+\renewenvironment{theindex}
+               {%
+                \@restonecoltrue
+                \columnseprule \z@
+                \columnsep 35\p@
+                \twocolumn[\mfpindexheading%
+                \vspace{1ex}]%
+                \mfpindexpagemarks
+                \parindent\z@
+                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
+                \let\item\@idxitem
+                }
+               {\clearpage}
+
+% command descriptions:
+\newenvironment{cd}
+  {\def\ {\leavevmode\null\quad}% small space at beginning of line
+   \par\addvspace{1.75ex plus .3ex minus .1ex}
+   \vbox\bgroup\parindent0pt\ignorespaces}
+  {\unskip\strut\egroup\nobreak\vspace{.75ex plus .3ex minus .1ex}%
+   \@ignoretrue}
+
+% examples:
+\newenvironment{ex}
+  {\par\def\ {\leavevmode\null\quad}%
+   \addvspace{1ex plus.2ex minus.1ex}\leftskip2\parindent\relax
+   \vbox\bgroup\parindent0pt\ignorespaces}
+  {\unskip\egroup\vskip 1ex plus.2ex minus.1ex \@ignoretrue\@endpetrue}
+
+\def\pdfTeX{pdf\kern.04em\TeX}
+\def\pdfLaTeX{pdf\kern.06em\LaTeX}
+\def\ConTeXt{Con\kern-.16em \TeX \kern-0.06em t}
+\def\eTeX{e\kern-.10em \TeX}
+\def\AmSTeX{$\cal A$\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex
+    \hbox{$\cal M$}\kern-.125em$\cal S$-\TeX}
+\def\PiCTeX{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC\kern-.11em\TeX}
+
+\hyphenation{meta-font meta-post Post-Script Ghost-script}
+
+\def\MF{\prog{metafont}}
+\def\CMF{\prog{Metafont}}
+\def\MP{\prog{metapost}}
+\def\CMP{\prog{Metapost}}
+\def\PS{\prog{PostScript}}
+\def\GS{\prog{Ghostscript}}
+\def\EPS{\prog{EPS}\null}
+\def\mfp{\prog{mfpic}}
+\def\Mfp{\prog{Mfpic}}
+\def\grafbase{\prog{grafbase}}
+\def\Grafbase{\prog{Grafbase}}
+
+\def\mytt#1{\relax
+    \ifmmode \mathtt{#1}
+    \else {\upshape\mdseries\ttfamily#1}\fi}
+\def\mfc{\begingroup\mdseries\ttfamily\catcode`\_=12 \grabit}
+\def\grabit#1{#1\endgroup}
+\def\_{{\tt\char`\_}}
+\def\prog#1{{\mdseries\scshape#1}}      % programs, packages
+\let\file\mytt                          % filenames
+\def\opt#1{{\upshape\sffamily#1}}       % LaTeX option names
+\let\gbc  \mfc                          % grafbase code
+\let\env  \file                         % LaTeX environment names
+\let\email\file
+\let\mail \file
+\let\dim  \file                         % TeX and Metafont dimensions
+
+\edef\otherbackslash{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
+\DeclareRobustCommand\cs[1]{\mytt{\char`\\#1}}
+\def\bbsl{\cs{}\cs{}}% prints "\\"
+\DeclareRobustCommand\meta[1]{%
+     \ensuremath{\langle\mbox{\rmfamily\itshape#1\/}\rangle}}
+\providecommand\marg[1]{\mytt{\char`\{#1\char`\}}}
+\providecommand\oarg[1]{\mytt{[#1]}}
+\providecommand\parg[1]{\mytt{(#1)}}
+
+\def\ps@mfpdoc{%
+      \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
+      \def\@oddhead{\small{\scshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
+      \let\@evenhead\@oddhead
+      \let\@mkboth\markboth
+    \def\sectionmark##1{\thispagestyle{plain}}
+    \def\subsectionmark##1{%
+      \markright {\thesubsection\quad##1}}%
+    \def\subsubsectionmark##1{}}
+
+\renewcommand\tableofcontents{\pagenumbering{roman}%
+    \section*{\contentsname
+        \@mkboth{\scshape\contentsname}{\scshape\contentsname}}%
+    \@starttoc{toc}\clearpage\pagenumbering{arabic}}
+
+% figures at top of float pages:
+\@fptop=-\@fpsep
+
+\frenchspacing
+\endinput
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpguide.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpguide.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6567586c67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpguide.pdf
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpguide.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpguide.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea0eaf04d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpguide.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,1614 @@
+%%% File: mfpguide.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+%  Tutorial on mfpic
+\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}
+
+\usepackage{pslatex}
+
+\usepackage{mfpdoc}
+\usepackage{verbatim}
+
+\makeatletter
+\def\verbatim@processline{\hspace{20pt}\the\verbatim@line\par}
+\@addtoreset{figure}{section}
+\makeatother
+
+\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\thesection.\arabic{figure}}
+
+\newenvironment{mfpfig}[1]
+{\figure[htb] \centering \refstepcounter{figure} \label{#1}}
+{\par\medskip Figure \thefigure. \endfigure}
+
+\usepackage[dvipdfm]{graphics}
+\usepackage[metapost]{mfpic}
+\opengraphsfile{guide}
+
+\ifpdf
+\usepackage[pdftex,colorlinks,pdfpagemode=none,pdfstartview=FitH,%
+plainpages=false,hypertexnames=true]{hyperref}
+\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\def\cs#1{\otherbackslash#1}%
+    \def\opt#1{#1}\def\prog#1{#1}}
+\fi
+
+\def\theHfigure{\thefigure}
+
+\title{\Mfp: A Short Introduction}
+\author{Daniel H. Luecking\thanks{luecking at uark dot edu}}
+\date{\mfpdate}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
+
+As this document aims only to instruct the reader in the building of
+figures with \mfp{}, we will not be too concerned with the intricacies
+of running programs in various operating systems and \TeX{}
+distributions. What will be described here is the simplest case: a
+command-line system in which commands are typed at a keyboard. To
+simplify things further, we will assume that \mfp{} is used with the
+\opt{metapost} option, in a \LaTeX{} document, with \pdfLaTeX{} as the
+compiler. An appendix will discuss some of the differences when these
+assumptions are not satisfied.
+
+We will start right out with the ``Hello, world'' of \mfp{}. Construct a
+\LaTeX{} document by typing the following in a text editor and saving it
+as \file{first.tex}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \documentclass{article}
+    \usepackage[metapost]{mfpic}
+    \opengraphsfile{myfigs}
+  \begin{document}
+    My first figure:
+    \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+      \ellipse{(0,0),1,.5}
+    \end{mfpic}
+    \closegraphsfile
+  \end{document}
+\end{verbatim}
+Run the command
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{pdflatex first}
+\end{ex}
+which should create several files, the two most important being
+\file{first.pdf} and \file{myfigs.mp}. You can go ahead and open
+\file{first.pdf}. You should see a 2 inch by 2 inch square with
+something similar to `\texttt{\#1}' in the lower left corner. This shows
+where the picture will be when it has been created.
+
+Now run the command
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{mpost myfigs}
+\end{ex}
+which should create the file \file{myfigs.1}. This is an EPS file
+(Encapsulated PostScript) and can be opened in GhostScript or GSview or
+similar Postscript viewing program to see an ellipse.
+
+If you are viewing \file{first.pdf} in Acrobat Reader or Adobe Reader,
+you will need to close it. Now repeat the \pdfLaTeX{} step:
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{pdflatex first}
+\end{ex}
+and then view the file \file{first.pdf}. You should see something very
+close to figure~\ref{fig1}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig1}
+  My first figure:
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \ellipse{(0,0),1,.5}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+What can go wrong? According to Murphy's Law: anything. If \mfp{} is
+not properly installed, one could obtain messages of files not found. If
+that happens, determine (from your \TeX{} system's documentation) where
+\TeX{} input files should go and make sure that \file{mfpic.tex} and
+\file{mfpic.sty} reside there. Similarly, find out where \MP{} inputs
+should go and make sure that \file{grafbase.mp} and \file{dvipsnam.mp}
+reside there. Then run whatever command your \TeX{} system might require
+to ``update the filename database''. You may safely ignore the message
+from \mfp{} itself that \file{myfigs.1} is not found (on the first run
+of \pdfLaTeX). This file should be created only after running
+\texttt{mpost}.
+
+If you get an error message from \LaTeX{}, carefully check your typing.
+Also check whether an older version of \mfp{} might have been used
+instead of the current version. If you get an error message from \MP{}
+do the same, especially within the \env{mfpic} environment. If you get a
+message from \MP{} that ``Grafbase'' believes your \mfp{} installation
+may be broken, check the log files (\file{first.log} and
+\file{myfigs.log}) to find out the locations of these input files:
+\begin{ex}
+    \file{mfpic.tex} and \file{grafbase.mp}
+\end{ex}
+and make sure that both these files are from the most recently installed
+\mfp{} package. If you are only evaluating \mfp{} without committing to
+upgrading it, just make sure all the files mentioned in the previous
+paragraphs are in the current directory.
+
+If \pdfLaTeX{} complains it can't write on the file \file{first.pdf},
+unload first.pdf from your pdf viewer and try again.
+
+If the figures look a little choppy in Acrobat Reader, turn on ``smooth
+line art'' in the edit preferences dialogue.
+
+I will assume that eventually all went well and you are now able to
+obtain the ellipse of figure~\ref{fig1}. Each time you change an
+\env{mfpic} environment or the options to the package, you potentially
+change the file \file{myfigs.mp} produced and you should repeat the
+sequence:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  pdflatex first
+  mpost myfigs
+  pdflatex first
+\end{verbatim}
+to be sure of seeing the changes.
+
+One thing you might notice about figure~\ref{fig1} is that the ellipse
+is positioned quite a bit above the base line of the text. This is
+because \mfp{} reserves the amount of space specified in the arguments
+of the \env{mfpic} environment. These arguments are
+\verb$[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}$, which means the each unit in the picture is
+72 times the value of \cs{mfpicunit}, that is, about one inch. the first
+pair of mandatory arguments, \verb${-1}{1}$, indicate the
+$x$-coordinates run from $-1$ to $1$. Since these differ by 2, they
+indicate a width of two inches. The second pair similarly represents a
+height of two inches. But the ellipse is centered at $(0,0)$, which is
+one inch above the bottom (bottom is at $y = -1$), and its vertical
+radius is .5. So the lowest point on the ellipse should be .5 inches
+above the bottom of the space reserved. \Mfp{} provides a way to fit the
+space reserved to the actual extent of `ink' in the picture. That is by
+the option \opt{truebbox}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \usepackage[metapost,truebbox]{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This would then produce something like figure~\ref{fig2}.
+From now on, this option will be in effect in our examples.
+\usetruebbox
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig2}
+  My first figure:
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \ellipse{(0,0),1,.5}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+Even though the arguments to the \env{mfpic} environment are ignored in
+determining the size of the figure (under \opt{truebbox}), they are
+still needed in order to establish the coordinate system that the
+ordered pairs refer to (for example \texttt{(0,0)} in the \cs{ellipse}
+arguments).
+
+\section{Positioning text}\label{sec:text}
+
+By now you are probably thinking: ``This so-called `Hello, world'
+of \mfp{} doesn't say `Hello, world' anywhere!'' We correct that
+with the following example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \ellipse{(0,0),1,.5}
+    \tlabel[cc](0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This should give you figure~\ref{fig3}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig3}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \ellipse{(0,0),1,.5}
+    \tlabel[cc](0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The \cs{tlabel} command places the given text at the given position
+($(0,0)$) adjusted according to the optional argument \texttt{[cc]},
+which says to center the text (both vertically and horizontally) at that
+location. The \texttt{[cc]} is optional. Without it, the text would have
+the leftmost point of its baseline (the imaginary line that most letters
+sit on) placed at $(0,0)$.
+
+You are no doubt thinking: ``The ellipse doesn't really match the
+text. What you need is some macro that measures the text and produces an
+oval with similar domensions.'' For that we have the \cs{tlabeloval}
+command. The \cs{tlabeljustify} command in the example below is to
+communicate to both the text placement and the curve generation
+procedures that they are to be centered at the point $(0,0)$. (We'll see
+an easier way to do this later.)
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This produces figure~\ref{fig4}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig4}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+This would be better still if a little space is left around the text so
+the ellipse doesn't touch it. The \cs{tlabelsep} command can do that:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+producing figure~\ref{fig5}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig5}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+Now it would be nice to make the text pop out a bit with some color.
+Adding \verb$\gfill[yellow]$ in front of either \verb$\ellipse$ or
+\verb$\tlabeloval$ will do that:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \gfill[yellow]\tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will produce figure~\ref{fig6}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig6}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \gfill[yellow]\tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+Notice that now the boundary of the oval has not been drawn. This is the
+standard behavior of \mfp{}. A figure command alone will draw the
+figure. If you want some other rendering than that, you must explicitly
+provide all of it. To get the boundary back, simply add \verb$\draw$
+before the \verb$\gfill$. You can draw the curve in a color other than
+black with an optional argument. We can also make the line thicker with
+the command \verb$\penwd$:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \penwd{1.5pt}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \draw[blue]\gfill[yellow]\tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will produce figure~\ref{fig7}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig7}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \penwd{1.5pt}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \tlabeljustify{cc}
+    \draw[blue]\gfill[yellow]\tlabeloval(0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+This last version doesn't look too bad, but it seems that the oval ought
+to be a little fatter (slightly higher than it now is). By default,
+\verb$\tlabeloval$ will make the ratio of width to height the same as
+that of the text, or rather of the text plus the additional space
+specified by \verb$\tlabelsep$. This can be changed with an optional
+argument, a number that multiplies the width-to-height ratio. Decreasing
+this ratio will decrease the width (slightly) and increase the height.
+Here we have also omitted the \cs{tlabeljustify} command and shown that
+\cs{tlabeloval} takes a second optional argument that can be used to
+`justify' both the curve and the text. To use this, one must explicitly
+include the first optional argument; if the default is intended, an
+empty pair of brackets may be used.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \penwd{1.5pt}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \draw[blue]\gfill[yellow]\tlabeloval[.8][cc](0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will produce figure~\ref{fig8}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig8}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+    \penwd{1.5pt}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \draw[blue]\gfill[yellow]\tlabeloval[.8][cc](0,0){Hello, world.}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The \cs{tlabeloval} command places the label last, after the action of
+all the preceding macros; therefore the text ends up on top of
+everything else. The \cs{tlabeloval} command also has a \mbox{`*-form'} that
+does everything \emph{except} place the text. Finally, ovals are not the
+only thing that can be used to surround text. See the manual
+(\file{mfpman.pdf}) and below for others.
+
+Here is a more common use of \verb$tlabel$ commands: labeling a graph
+and axes. In the following example we have given \cs{tlabel} the option
+\texttt{[bl]} to place the bottom left corner of the text at the given
+coordinates. However, we have used \verb$\tlabelsep{3pt}$ (which has the
+additional effect of moving text away from its nominal location) to
+prevent the text from colliding with the curve.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \polyline{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \tlabel[bl](.5,1){Max output}
+    \dashed\polyline{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+    \tlabel[bl](1.5,.7){Max input}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will produce figure~\ref{fig9}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig9}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \polyline{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \tlabel[bl](.5,1){Max output}
+    \dashed\polyline{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+    \tlabel[bl](1.5,.7){Max input}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+Notice that \verb$\polyline$ alone produces a solid line while
+\verb$\dashed\polyline$ makes a dashed line. Let us close this section
+by dressing up this figure with axes, some fat dots marking the
+keypoints, and hash marks on the axes:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \polyline{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \tlabel[bl](.5,1){Max output}
+    \dashed\polyline{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+    \pointfillfalse
+    \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+    \tlabel[bl](1.5,.7){Max input}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{0,0.5,1,1.5,2}
+    \axislabels x{{$50$} .5, {$100$} 1, {$150$} 1.5, {$200$} 2}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will produce figure~\ref{fig10}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig10}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \polyline{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \tlabel[bl](.5,1){Max output}
+    \dashed\polyline{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+    \pointfillfalse
+    \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+    \tlabel[bl](1.5,.7){Max input}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{0,0.5,1,1.5,2}
+    \axislabels x{{$50$} .5, {$100$} 1, {$150$} 1.5, {$200$} 2}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The optional argument of \verb$\point$ specifies the diameter of the
+points to draw. The command \verb$\pointfillfalse$ forces the points to
+be drawn as open circles. The axes configure themselves to the size
+specified in the argument of the \env{mfpic} environment. The
+\verb$axislabels$ command takes as arguments a letter, to specify the
+axis, and a comma separated list of labels, each of which is specified
+by some text to place (in braces) and the x-coordinate to place it at.
+
+\section{Drawing figures}
+
+\Mfp{} has several predefined figures and commands to obtain essentially
+any curve (provided one can obtain enough points on it with sufficient
+precision). We've already seen \verb$\polyline$ and \verb$\ellipse$. The
+former needs a list of points to connect with line segments and the
+latter needs the center and radii of the ellipse. The \verb$\ellipse$
+also takes an optional argument: the number of degrees to rotate the
+ellipse. Here we list some of the more common such figures. Remember
+that all of them will produce some sort of line drawing if used alone.
+They can be preceded by \verb$\dashed$ to make the lines dashed or
+\verb$dotted$ to make them dotted. If the figure is a closed curve,
+\verb$\gfill$ will fill them in.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{4}{0}{1}
+    \rect{(0,0),(1,.75)}
+    \circle{(1.5,.5),.45}
+    \arc[s]{(3,0),(2,1),45}
+    \ellipse[20]{(3.5, 0.5), 0.6, 0.4}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This produces figure~\ref{fig11}. The \verb$\arc$ command has several
+forms. The optional argument picks the form to use. This one specifies
+the endpoints of the circular arc and the angle of the arc (the angle
+between the radii from the center of the circle to those two points).
+Other possibilities are a three-point form (option \texttt{[t]}), a
+polar form (option \texttt{[p]}), and a center-point-sweep form (option
+\texttt{[c]}, specify a center, starting point, and angle). See the
+manual for details. The default (what would be assumed if no optional
+argument is given) is \oarg{s} and is called the point-sweep form.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig11}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{4}{0}{1}
+    \rect{(0,0),(1,.75)}
+    \circle{(1.5,.5),.45}
+    \arc[s]{(3,0),(2,1),45}
+    \ellipse[20]{(3.5, 0.5), 0.6, 0.4}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The \cs{polyline} command draws straight lines connecting points. We can
+also draw smooth curves. Lets take the same points from our
+\cs{polyline} example (figure~\ref{fig9}), but change \cs{polyline} to
+\cs{curve}, omit the text, and add the points from figure~\ref{fig10}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \curve{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \dashed\curve{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+      \pointfillfalse
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This should produce figure~\ref{fig12}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig12}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \curve{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \dashed\curve{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+      \pointfillfalse
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+This is somewhat unsatisfying. One could improve the result by selecting
+more points, or by increasing the `tension' in the curve.
+
+Roughly speaking, tension determines how straight the segments between
+the points are, and how sharp the turns at each point. High tension
+makes the curve look a little more like a polyline. The default tension
+is 1, a tension of about 5 makes the result look somewhat like a
+polyline with very slightly rounded corners, very high tensions make the
+curve indistinguishable from a polyline. Another effect of increased
+tension is to reduce the little wobbles we can see in the first curve.
+Let's try a tension of 1.5, which can be specified as an optional
+argument to \cs{curve}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \curve[1.5]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \dashed\curve[1.5]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+      \pointfillfalse
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This give figure~\ref{fig13}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig13}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \curve[1.5]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,1),(1,.7),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \dashed\curve[1.5]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+      \pointfillfalse
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,.6),(1,.3),(1.5,.7),(2,.1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+When we use \cs{curve}, there is no way \MP{} can tell if we are just
+connecting points or if we are trying to graph a function.
+It \emph{cannot} enforce the requirement, which every function must
+satisfy, that the curve should travel left-to-right. The command
+\cs{fcncurve} does enforce this (assuming the points to be connected are
+listed in left-to-right order). This command also permits a tension
+argument. The dotted line in figure~\ref{fig14} is produced with
+\cs{curve}, the solid one with \cs{fcncurve}. One might want
+to increase the tension a bit here, too.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \dotted\curve{(0,.2),(.5,0),(.85,.5),(1,1),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \fcncurve{(0,.2),(.5,0),(.85,.5),(1,1),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+      \pointfillfalse
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,0),(.85,.5),(1,1),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig14}
+  \begin{mfpic}[72]{0}{2.5}{0}{1}
+    \dotted\curve{(0,.2),(.5,0),(.85,.5),(1,1),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+    \fcncurve{(0,.2),(.5,0),(.85,.5),(1,1),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+      \pointfillfalse
+      \point[3pt]{(0,.2),(.5,0),(.85,.5),(1,1),(1.5,0),(2,.3)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+Other figures available include\leftmargini=2\leftmargini
+\begin{description}
+\item[\cs{cyclic}] Used just like \cs{curve} but closes the path
+    (connects the last point smoothly to the starting point).
+\item[\cs{polygon}] Used just like \cs{polyline} except it connects the
+    last point to the first with a straight line.
+\item[\cs{sector}] Makes a wedge with two straight lines and an arc. The
+    arguments are almost the same as \cs{arc}\oarg{s}, but the order is
+    different: center, radius and two angles.
+\end{description}
+
+Here are some other curves that, like \cs{tlabeloval}, are proportioned
+to fit given text. All have a \texttt{*}-form that draws the path
+without placing the text.
+\begin{description}
+\item[\cs{tlabelrect}]  This produces a rectangle. It has the same usage
+    as \cs{tlabeloval}, except the first optional argument specifies
+    the radius of quarter-circles used to make rounded corners.
+\item[\cs{tlabelellipse}] This is similar to \cs{tlabeloval}
+    except that instead of modifying the width-to-height ratio, the
+    first optional argument \emph{is} the width-to-height ratio. If that
+    argument is 1 (the default) you get a circle.
+\item[\cs{tlabelcircle}] This produces a circle, of course.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\section{Functions}
+
+\CMP{} is able to calculate a number of functions natively, and still
+more have been defined in \mfp{}. Also available are the usual
+arithmetic operations. Any valid \MP{} expression, containing
+one unknown \gbc{x} and producing a numerical result can be graphed.
+
+Here is an example of the graphs of $y = x^2$ and $y = \pm\sqrt{x}$.
+Note that exponentials are denoted by \texttt{**} and it is important to
+note that it has the same precedence as multiplication (denoted by
+a single \texttt{*}). That is, in a formula like \mfc{3*3**2}, the
+operations are performed in order, left to right, producing $9^2 = 81$ and
+not $3\cdot 9 = 27$. Parentheses are needed if the latter is intended:
+\mfc{3*(3**2)}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2.5}{2.5}{-1.5}{4}
+    \function{-2,2,.1}{x**2}
+    \function{0,2,.1}{sqrt x}
+    \function{0,2,.1}{-sqrt x}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{-2,-1,1,2}
+    \ymarks{-1,1,2,3}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \axislabels x{{$-2$}-2,{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2}
+    \axislabels y{{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2,{$3$}3}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+This produces figure~\ref{fig15}.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig15}
+  \setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2.5}{2.5}{-1.5}{4}
+    \function{-2,2,.1}{x**2}
+    \function{0,2,.1}{sqrt x}
+    \function{0,2,.1}{-sqrt x}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{-2,-1,1,2}
+    \ymarks{-1,1,2,3}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \axislabels x{{$-2$}-2,{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2}
+    \axislabels y{{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2,{$3$}3}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The command \cs{function} has two arguments. The first contains the
+starting and ending x-values of the desired graph, followed by a
+\emph{step size}. Generally the smaller the steps the better the
+accuracy, but \MP{} has a limit on the number of steps (usually about
+2000). There is also an optional argument which can be \oarg{s}, the
+default, which means the graph is to be smooth, or \oarg{p}, which means
+the graph is constructed by connecting the calculated points with
+straight lines. Here is the same example with larger step size to
+emphasize the difference (see figure~\ref{fig16})
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2.5}{2.5}{-1.5}{4}
+    \function[p]{-2,2,.5}{x**2}
+    \function[p]{0,2,.5}{sqrt x}
+    \function[p]{0,2,.5}{-sqrt x}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{-2,-1,1,2}
+    \ymarks{-1,1,2,3}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \axislabels x{{$-2$}-2,{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2}
+    \axislabels y{{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2,{$3$}3}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig16}
+  \setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2.5}{2.5}{-1.5}{4}
+    \function[p]{-2,2,.5}{x**2}
+    \function[p]{0,2,.5}{sqrt x}
+    \function[p]{0,2,.5}{-sqrt x}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{-2,-1,1,2}
+    \ymarks{-1,1,2,3}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \axislabels x{{$-2$}-2,{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2}
+    \axislabels y{{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1,{$2$}2,{$3$}3}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+In addition, one can increase the tension in the curve drawn by putting
+a tension value after the \gbc{s} in \oarg{s}. For a tension of 2.4:
+\cs{function}\oarg{s2.4}\marg{\dots}.
+
+The functions available include \gbc{sqrt} and all the trig functions:
+\gbc{sin x} assumes \gbc{x} is an angle in radians, \mfc{sind x} assumes
+it is in degrees, with a similar naming convention for the remaining
+trig functions. The inverses are \gbc{asin x}, \gbc{acos x}, and
+\gbc{atan x}, which produce angles in degrees, and \gbc{invsin x}, etc.,
+which produce angles in radians. There is also \gbc{ln~x} or \gbc{log~x}
+for the natural logarithm, \gbc{exp~x} for $e^x$, \gbc{logten}~\gbc{x}
+for the base 10 logarithm, \gbc{logtwo}~\gbc{x} for base 2, and
+\gbc{logbase} for other bases:
+\gbc{logbase(16)}~\gbc{x} (for example) for base 16. The general syntax of
+these functions is the following: if the argument is \gbc{x} alone or a
+pure number alone or the particular case of a number followed by \gbc{x}
+(no \gbc{*} in between!) then parentheses are not needed. Example:
+\gbc{sin~2x}. For almost anything else, parentheses are required:
+\gbc{sin(3*x)} or \gbc{sin(x**2)}.
+
+Some other functions available are the hyperbolic functions, \gbc{sinh x},
+\gbc{cosh x}, etc. (all 6 of them), and the inverses of three of them:
+\gbc{asinh x}, \gbc{acosh x}, and \gbc{atanh x}.
+
+These functions (or any \MP{} numeric expression) can also be used in
+any of the coordinates of points in drawing commands like \cs{polyline}
+(but not usually in text placement commands like \cs{tlabeloval}). For
+example (from now on the value of \cs{mfpicunit} is set to
+\texttt{1cm}):\setlength{\mfpicunit}{1cm}
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-1.5}{1.5}
+    \polyline{(2,-sqrt 2),(1,-1),(.5,- sqrt .5),(0,0),
+        (.5,sqrt .5),(1,1),(2,sqrt 2)}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{1,2}
+    \ymarks{-1,1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \axislabels x{{$1$}1,{$2$}2}
+    \axislabels y{{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig17}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-1.5}{1.5}
+    \polyline{(2,-sqrt 2),(1,-1),(.5,- sqrt .5),(0,0),
+        (.5,sqrt .5),(1,1),(2,sqrt 2)}
+    \axes
+    \xmarks{1,2}
+    \ymarks{-1,1}
+    \tlabelsep{3pt}
+    \axislabels x{{$1$}1,{$2$}2}
+    \axislabels y{{$-1$}-1,{$1$}1}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+There are other types of functions: parametric functions, and polar
+coordinate versions. \Mfp{} provides \cs{parafcn} and \cs{plrfcn} to
+graph these. The \cs{parafcn} requires a starting value, and ending
+value and a step size just as in \cs{function}, but in the second
+argument there must be either a pair of expressions in the variable
+\gbc{t}, separated by a comma and enclosed in parentheses, or a single
+\emph{pair-valued} expression. \CMP{} and \mfp{} provide only a few
+pair-valued functions; one is used below.
+
+The second argument of \cs{plrfcn} must contain a single numeric
+expression in the variable \gbc{t}, and indicates a function of $\theta$
+to be graphed in polar coordinates: $r = f(\theta)$. In the following
+example (figure~\ref{fig22}), we draw a portion of the graph of $x =
+y^2$ by representing it as the graph of the parametric equations $x =
+t^2$, $y = t$, and a portion of a circle of radius $1.5$ by representing
+it as the graph of the pair-valued function \mfc{dir(t)}. The expression
+\mfc{dir(t)} gives the point whose distance from $(0,0)$ is $1$ in the
+direction given by the angle \mfc{t}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2}{4}{-2}{2}
+    \parafcn{-2,2,.1}{(t**2,t)}
+    \dotted\parafcn{45,315,5}{1.5*dir(t)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig22}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2}{4}{-2}{2}
+    \parafcn{-2,2,.1}{(t**2,t)}
+    \dotted\parafcn{45,315,5}{1.5*dir(t)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+
+Here is an example of a graph of the polar coordinate function
+$r=2\sin 3\theta$ (figure~\ref{fig23}). We use the degree version
+\mfc{sind} in order to work with integers.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2}{2}{-2}{2}
+    \plrfcn{0,180,5}{2*sind 3t}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig23}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-2}{2}{-2}{2}
+    \plrfcn{0,180,5}{2*sind 3t}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+
+\section{Transforming figures}
+
+\CMP{} is capable of any affine transformation (things like shifting,
+rotating, scaling, reflecting and slanting) of any path. The figures
+we've been dealing with so far (\cs{ellipse}, \cs{curve}, \cs{function},
+etc.) all produce, in the \MP{} code, the definition of some path (as
+well as a drawing of that path). \Mfp{} provides for different methods
+of `drawing' the path with \emph{prefix macros}. We've seen \cs{dashed},
+\cs{dotted}, \cs{gfill} so far, in addition to the default \cs{draw}.
+\Mfp{} also provides for modifying the shape and position of the path
+with other prefixes. Here's a simple example.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \rotatepath{(1,.5), 45}\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \point{(1,.5)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+The command \cs{rotatepath} obviously rotates the path that follows, but
+it needs to know what the center of rotation will be, and how much to
+rotate. These are given in its mandatory argument, separated by a comma.
+The example above (pictured in figure~\ref{fig18}) rotates 45 degrees
+around the center of the rectangle.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig18}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \rotatepath{(1,.5), 45}\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \point{(1,.5)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+Notice that we have no drawing prefix. A combination of
+transformation-plus-figure is treated as a figure in its own right and
+behaves the same. If we want the figure dashed, we could write
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \dashed\rotatepath{(1,.5),45}\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+\end{verbatim}
+It may not be obvious, but we can also write a drawing macro between
+the rotation and the figure, producing figure~\ref{fig19}
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \rotatepath{(1,.5), 45}\draw\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \point{(1,.5)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig19}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \rotatepath{(1,.5), 45}\draw\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \point{(1,.5)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+This illustrates another property of \mfp{} macros: the combination of a
+rendering prefix and a figure is also treated the same as a figure in
+its own right: the same figure as the one that follows. In fact, the
+only difference between \cs{rect} and \cs{draw}\cs{rect} in this
+example is that the second one has a minor (!) side effect: the
+rectangle is drawn.
+
+Finally, try to guess what happens if we add another prefix at the
+front:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \dotted\rotatepath{(1,.5), 45}
+      \draw\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+and if we add another rotation in front of that.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \rotatepath{(0,0),45}
+      \dotted\rotatepath{(1,.5), 45}
+        \draw\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Transformations availiable include \cs{scalepath},
+\cs{shiftpath}, \cs{xscalepath}, \cs{yscalepath}, \cs{slantpath}, and
+\cs{reflectpath}. See the manual for a description of what arguments are
+required for each. Here's a final example, producing figure~\ref{fig20}
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \shiftpath{(-1,1)}\draw[red]\slantpath{.5,1}\dotted
+    \rotatepath{(0,0), 90}\dashed\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \point{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \tlabelsep{2pt}
+    \tlabel[tr](0,0){$(0,0)$}
+    \tlabel[bl](2,1){$(2,1)$}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig20}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-.5}{2.5}{-.5}{2.5}
+    \shiftpath{(-1,1)}\draw[red]\slantpath{.5,1}\dotted
+    \rotatepath{(0,0), 90}\dashed\rect{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \point{(0,0),(2,1)}
+    \tlabelsep{2pt}
+    \tlabel[tr](0,0){$(0,0)$}
+    \tlabel[bl](2,1){$(2,1)$}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+\section{Rendering figures}
+
+\emph{Rendering} is the act of making a description of a figure visible.
+Examples are: drawing a solid curve, drawing a dashed curve, or filling
+its interior, For \mfp{} figure macros the default, in the absence of
+explicit commands, is to use \cs{draw}. That is,
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \rect{(0,0),(1,2)}
+\end{verbatim}
+has the same result as
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \draw\rect{(0,0),(1,2)}
+\end{verbatim}
+The default rendering can be changed. Just say
+\cs{setrender}\marg{\cs{dashed}}, and all figures afterward will be dashed
+(see figure~\ref{fig21}).
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{2}{0}{1}
+  \setrender{\dashed}
+    \rect{(0,0),(1,1)}
+    \circle{(1.5,.5),.5}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig21}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{2}{0}{1}
+  \setrender{\dashed}
+    \rect{(0,0),(1,1)}
+    \circle{(1.5,.5),.5}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+The \cs{setrender} command can be inside an \env{mfpic} environment to
+affect only later commands in that figure, or outside to affect all
+later \mfp{} figures.
+
+We give a few examples now of the renderings possible. These divide
+more-or-less into those that trace a path and those that fill in a path.
+In order to fill in a path, it must be a closed path, of course, but
+\MP{} distinguishes between closed paths and those that merely happen to
+end where they began. There is a good reason for this: \MP{} cannot,
+without human aid, know if two points are the same, or merely
+accidentally so close that the accuracy of the program sees them as the
+same. It requires human aid in the form of an explicit request to
+create a closed path. Of the \mfp{} macros we've seen so far,
+\cs{ellipse}, \cs{circle}, \cs{rect}, \cs{polygon}, and \cs{cyclic}
+produce closed paths, but \cs{polyline}, \cs{curve}, \cs{function},
+\cs{parafcn}, and \cs{plrfcn} do not. Also producing closed paths are
+\cs{tlabeloval} and its relatives.
+
+The following example illustrates filling with a hatching pattern
+(parallel lines) and an \emph{unfilling}. Clearing the interior of a
+path may not seem like rendering, it is treated in exactly the same way
+(think of it as a negative rendering). We first hatch a rectangle, then
+clear out a smaller rectangle with rounded corners to place our text
+inside. The results are in figure~\ref{fig24}.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{2}{0}{2}
+    \draw[red]\lhatch[2pt][blue]\rect{(0,0),(2,2)}
+    \gclear\tlabelrect[6pt][cc](1,1){Hatching!}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig24}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{2}{0}{2}
+    \draw[red]\lhatch[2pt][blue]\rect{(0,0),(2,2)}
+    \gclear\tlabelrect[6pt][cc](1,1){Hatching!}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+This example illustrates that \cs{lhatch} fills with left slanting
+lines. And that it takes two optional arguments. The first is the
+distance between lines, and the second is the color to make the lines.
+There are also \cs{rhatch} which slants the lines the other way,
+\cs{xhatch} which uses both slants, and \cs{thatch} which can draw
+the lines at any angle.
+
+Here is another example of rendering (figure~\ref{fig26}). The new
+macro is \cs{polkadot}. We've repeated this example twice to
+show the effect of changing the order of the prefixes. Each prefix
+applies its rendering to the result of everything to the right of it. In
+the second example the hatching goes over the dots (and a bit of the
+dashes as well). If the \cs{gfill} were first, it would cover almost
+everything else.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{6}{0}{2}
+    \penwd{2pt}
+    \hatchwd{2pt}
+    \drawcolor{blue}
+    \hatchcolor{red}
+    \fillcolor{green}
+    \dashed\polkadot\rhatch[5pt]\gfill[yellow]\rect{(0,0),(2.8,1.8)}
+    \rhatch[5pt]\dashed\polkadot\gfill[yellow]\rect{(3,0),(5.8,1.8)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+We've added a couple of other new features to this example. To emphasize
+effects, we've increased the thickness of the drawing pen (\cs{penwd})
+and the hatch lines (\cs{hatchwd}). We've also used the \cs{drawcolor}
+macro and its relatives to set the colors to be used. The \cs{polkadot}
+macro uses the color set by \cs{fillcolor}; so does \cs{gfill} if no
+optional color is given.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig26}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{6}{0}{2}
+    \penwd{2pt}
+    \hatchwd{2pt}
+    \drawcolor{blue}
+    \hatchcolor{red}
+    \fillcolor{green}
+    \dashed\polkadot\rhatch[5pt]\gfill[yellow]\rect{(0,0),(2.8,1.8)}
+    \rhatch[5pt]\dashed\polkadot\gfill[yellow]\rect{(3,0),(5.8,1.8)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+If one wants to plot several curves in a single graph, they often need
+to be rendered differently. The three methods we've seen so far,
+\cs{draw}, \cs{dashed}, and \cs{dotted}, may not be enough. The
+\cs{dashed} and \cs{dotted} commands permit an optional argument to
+adjust the length of the dashes and spaces, and size of the dots. One
+can also change the curve thickness with \cs{penwd}. But
+that may not be `different' enough. \Mfp{} provides a few solutions.
+When color is available, they may be drawn in different colors. When
+not, there are two possibilities: \cs{gendashed} and \cs{plot}.
+
+The first, \cs{gendashed}, is a generalized dashing macro. It takes one
+mandatory argument, the name of a dashing pattern. Named dashing
+patterns may be created with the \cs{dashpattern} command, as shown by
+the following example (see figure~\ref{fig27}):
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-3.5}{3.5}{-1}{1}
+    \dashpattern{dotdash}{0pt,4pt,3pt,4pt}
+    \gendashed{dotdash}\function{-pi,pi,.2}{sin 2x}
+    \function{-pi,pi,.2}{cos 2x}
+    \axes
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig27}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-3.5}{3.5}{-1}{1}
+    \dashpattern{dotdash}{0pt,4pt,3pt,4pt}
+    \gendashed{dotdash}\function{-pi,pi,.2}{sin 2x}
+    \function{-pi,pi,.2}{cos 2x}
+    \axes
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The \cs{dashpattern} command takes a name and an even number of lengths.
+The first, third, etc., lengths represent the lengths of dashes
+(\texttt{0pt} means a dot), and the second, fourth, etc., represent
+spaces. The given pattern is dot-space-dash-space. This pattern, when
+used in a \cs{gendashed} command, is repeated for the length of the
+curve.
+
+This last example illustrates that the predefined \MP{} variable
+\gbc{pi} (equal to 3.14159) can be used pretty much anywhere a number
+can be used (except, often, in text label commands).
+
+Another way to get more distinctive curves is to `dot' them with
+something other than tiny dots. The \cs{plot} command does that. It
+takes one mandatory argument, the name of a symbol to use instead of a
+dot. Here are the same two curves \cs{plot}-ed (figure~\ref{fig28}):
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-3.5}{3.5}{-1.2}{1.2}
+    \setlength{\pointsize}{2.5pt}
+    \plot{Triangle}\function{-pi,pi,.2}{sin 2x}
+    \plot[2pt,6pt]{SolidCircle}\function{-pi,pi,.2}{cos 2x}
+    \axes
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig28}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-3.5}{3.5}{-1.2}{1.2}
+    \setlength{\pointsize}{2.5pt}
+    \plot{Triangle}\function{-pi,pi,.2}{sin 2x}
+    \plot[2pt,6pt]{SolidCircle}\function{-pi,pi,.2}{cos 2x}
+    \axes
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The \cs{plot} command takes an optional argument to specify the size of
+the symbols and the spacing between them. The size of the symbols can
+also be adjusted by changing the length command \cs{pointsize} (that also
+adjusts the size of the dots placed with the \cs{point} command).
+
+In this last example, \cs{plotnodes} is similar to \cs{plot}, except it
+placed the symbols at the `nodes' defined by the path command. In the
+case of \cs{function}, these are the points $(x_k, f(x_k))$ with $x_k$
+stepping through all the $x$-values determined by the first argument of
+\cs{function} (figure~\ref{fig29}).
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-3.5}{3.5}{-1.2}{1.2}
+    \plotnodes[2.5pt]{Square}\function{-pi,pi,pi/16}{sin 2x}
+    \axes
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig29}
+  \begin{mfpic}{-3.5}{3.5}{-1.2}{1.2}
+    \plotnodes[2.5pt]{Square}\function{-pi,pi,pi/16}{sin 2x}
+    \axes
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+See the manual for the list of predefined symbols available to the
+\cs{plot} and \cs{plotnodes} command.
+
+\section{More on text}
+
+The text positioning commands used so far in this guide are entirely
+handled by \TeX{} or \LaTeX. This is why we have occasionally had to say
+that certain things could be done ``except in text placement commands''.
+It is possible for text positioning to be done within \MP, making many
+things possible that couldn't be done otherwise. For example, text can
+be rotated about the point of placement. You are probably thinking that
+\LaTeX{} can rotate text, but it is not all that easy to arrange for the
+point on the graph where we place the text to be the center of rotation.
+Below are two examples, in which we attempt to place the text separated
+from $(0,0)$ by \texttt{5pt} and rotated 45 degrees around $(0,0)$. In
+the first we try to use \LaTeX's \cs{rotatebox} command, and in the
+second we turn on \MP{} handling of labels and use a rotation option to
+the \cs{tlabel} command.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{1}{0}{1}
+    \point{(0,0)}
+    \polyline{(0,0),(1,1)}
+  \tlabel[Bl](0,0){\rotatebox{45}{\hspace{5pt}Test text}}
+  \end{mfpic}\renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\arabic{figure}a}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \usemplabels
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{1}{0}{1}
+    \point{(0,0)}
+    \polyline{(0,0),(1,1)}
+    \tlabelsep{5pt}
+    \tlabel[Bl45](0,0){Test text}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{figure}[!hb]
+  \centering
+  \begin{minipage}{4cm}
+    \centering
+    \begin{mfpic}{0}{1}{0}{1}
+      \point{(0,0)}
+      \polyline{(0,0),(1,1)}
+    \tlabel[Bl](0,0){\rotatebox{45}{\hspace{5pt}Test text}}
+    \end{mfpic}\renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\arabic{figure}a}
+    \refstepcounter{figure}\label{fig30a}
+    \par\medskip (a)
+  \end{minipage}\addtocounter{figure}{-1}\qquad
+  \begin{minipage}{4cm}\usemplabels
+    \centering
+    \begin{mfpic}{0}{1}{0}{1}
+      \point{(0,0)}
+      \polyline{(0,0),(1,1)}
+      \tlabelsep{5pt}
+      \tlabel[Bl45](0,0){Test text}
+    \end{mfpic}\renewcommand\thefigure{\thesection.\arabic{figure}b}
+    \refstepcounter{figure}\label{fig30b}
+    \par\medskip (b)
+  \end{minipage}
+
+  \medskip Figure \thesection.\arabic{figure}.
+\end{figure}
+
+The first produces figure~\ref{fig30a} and the second produces
+figure~\ref{fig30b}. Our goal was to get the baseline of the text lined
+up with the reference line drawn.
+
+In the first example, \LaTeX's \cs{rotatebox} command produces the
+following result, where we put a frame around both the unrotated text
+and the rotated result to emphasize what \LaTeX{} sees as the
+boundaries:
+$$
+  \hbox{\setlength\fboxsep{0pt}%
+    \fbox{\rotatebox{45}{\fbox{\hspace{5pt}Test text}}}}
+$$
+This is then placed by the \cs{tlabel} command with the lower left
+corner of the \emph{outer} box at $(0,0)$. But \LaTeX's axis of rotation
+was at the lower left corner of the inner box. In the second case, \MP{}
+placed the label. The command \cs{tlabelsep}\marg{5pt} and the parameter
+\oarg{Bl45} explicitly request that the label be placed with its left
+baseline 5 points from $(0,0)$ and rotated 45 degrees \emph{about that
+point}.
+
+The \cs{usemplabels} command used above asks \MP{} to arrange for the
+setting of labels. Adding the option \opt{mplabels} to the
+\cs{usepackage} command that loads \mfp{} has the same effect for the
+whole document.  There can be problems with using \MP{} to set labels.
+One is that \MP{} has to call a \file{tex} program to do the actual
+typesetting, and then one must either make arrangements that ensure
+\MP{} will call \LaTeX, or never use any macros in the labels that are
+not defined in plain\TeX. If one does arrange for \LaTeX{} to be used,
+one needs to arrange that a \LaTeX{} preamble is prepended to the output
+\file{.mp} file. The \cs{mfpverbtex} command can be used for this.
+
+The command \cs{nomplabels} can be used to return to having labels set
+at the document level. For the rest of this guide, we have
+\opt{mplabels} in effect.
+
+There are a few more commands that place text on the picture. All of
+them pass the final responsability for text placement to \MP{} if
+\opt{mplabels} is in effect. See the manual for more details.
+
+
+\section{Arrows}
+
+The command \cs{arrow} adds an arrowhead onto the \emph{end} of any path
+that follows. For this to have predictable effects, you need to know
+which part of a curve is the end, and which the start. Not surprisingly,
+for the commands that connect a list of points in order the first point
+in the list is the start point and the last point is the end. Except the
+closed paths (\cs{cyclic}, \cs{polygon}, etc.); for them, the start and
+the end points are the same, but the order of the points gives a
+direction to the arrowhead. The default \cs{circle} has an anticlockwise
+direction, but if the circle is defined by three points (for example)
+the direction of the circle is determined by the order in which the
+points are written.
+
+Anyway, here are a few examples, illustrating the use of \cs{arrow}, and
+some of its optional arguments.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{4}{0}{4}
+    \arrow[r -5]\circle{(1,1),.5}
+    \arrow[b 4pt]\arrow\polyline{(3,2),(3,0)}
+    \arrow[c red]\reverse\arrow\polyline{(0,3),(2,3)}
+    \arrow[l 5pt]\rect{(4,2),(2,4)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+See figure~\ref{fig31} for the  results of this example. There are four
+possible optional arguments, the first character inside the brackets
+tells what option the rest of the argument applies to. The first example
+above starts with `\texttt{r}', which stands for `rotate' and asks for
+the arrowhead to be rotated -5 degrees (5 degrees clockwise). The second
+starts with `\texttt{b}', which stands for `backset' and it moves the
+head back \texttt{4pt} from where it would otherwise be placed. In the
+example, this is used to put a double arrowhead on the line. In the
+third example we put an arrow at both ends by reversing the sense of the
+curve in between the two \cs{arrow} prefixes. We also used the letter
+`\texttt{c}' in the optional argument of one arrowhead. This stands for
+`color' and the requested color is `\texttt{red}'. Finally, the
+\texttt{l} option, standing for `length', changes the length of the
+arrowhead to \texttt{5pt} (from the default \texttt{3pt}). The space
+between the letter and the value in these arguments may be omitted.
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig31}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{4}{0}{4}
+    \arrow[r -5]\circle{(1,1),.5}
+    \arrow[b 4pt]\arrow\polyline{(3,2),(3,0)}
+    \arrow[c red]\reverse\arrow\polyline{(0,3),(2,3)}
+    \arrow[l 5pt]\rect{(4,2),(2,4)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+The options can be combined in one command:
+\cs{arrow}\oarg{cblue}\oarg{b4pt}\oarg{r25}\oarg{l6pt} would produce a
+\texttt{6pt} long blue arrowhead rotated 25 degrees anticlockwise, set back
+\texttt{4pt}. The setting back is done in the direction determined
+\emph{after} rotation. The order of the options is not significant.
+
+The need to occasionally tweak the arrowhead with a small rotation will
+be apparent if you look closely at the circle example without any
+rotation.
+
+The shape of the arrowhead can be changed with the \cs{headshape}
+command. The following example draws the arrowhead first normally, and
+then after an instance of this command. We increase the length of head
+and the thickness of the pen to emphasize the effects.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{4}{0}{4}
+    \setlength{\headlen}{20pt}
+    \penwd{3pt}
+    \arrow\polyline{(0,3),(4,3)}
+      \headshape{.5}{2}{true}
+    \arrow\polyline{(0,1),(4,1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+The results are pictured in figure~\ref{fig32}. The first argument to
+\cs{headshape} sets the ratio of width to height for the head. We have
+cut it in half here. The second argument sets the tension in the curves
+that form the sides of the head. This reduces the curvature in the
+sides. The third argument can be only \texttt{true} or \texttt{false}
+and determines whether the head is a solid shape, or only the two
+`barbs'. The defaults correspond to \verb$\headshape{1}{1}{false}$
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig32}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{4}{0}{4}
+    \setlength{\headlen}{20pt}
+    \penwd{3pt}
+    \arrow\polyline{(0,3),(4,3)}
+      \headshape{.5}{2}{true}
+    \arrow\polyline{(0,1),(4,1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+
+\section{Color}
+
+We saw the use of color in earlier sections, and now it's time to be
+systematic about it. The several rendering commands have a color option;
+examples are \cs{draw}, \cs{gfill}, \cs{arrow}, and the hatching
+commands. However, even those commands that don't provide such an option
+can have the color of their rendering changed. \Mfp{} provides the
+following commands to change certain colors. Those commands with a
+color option can be used without that option and then they will the use
+the appropriate color described here. Each of these color-changing
+commands takes a mandatory argument containing the color to change to,
+and an optional argument to be described later.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\cs{backgroundcolor}] This sets the color to be used by \cs{gclear}.
+        It is the same color used by \cs{point} for the inside of the
+        points when \cs{pointfillfalse} has been used.  In \MP{}, the
+        only way to clear the inside of a region is to cover it up. The
+        default color for this purpose is \mfc{white}. Use this command
+        to change that default.
+\item[\cs{drawcolor}] This sets the default color used by those rendering
+        commands that draw a path. This includes \cs{draw}, but also
+        includes \cs{dashed}, \cs{dotted}, \cs{plot} and \cs{plotnodes}.
+        It is also used by other commands that produce lines or curves:
+        figure macros used without any rendering prefix, as well as
+        \cs{axes} and related commands.
+\item[\cs{fillcolor}] This sets the default color used by \cs{gfill}. It
+        is also the color used  by \cs{polkadot} (which has no color
+        option).
+\item[\cs{hatchcolor}] This sets the default color used by any hatching
+        command.
+\item[\cs{headcolor}] This sets the default color for arrowheads added
+        by the \cs{arrow} command. It is also the color of
+        arrowheads on any coordinate axis.
+\item[\cs{pointcolor}] This sets the color used by \cs{point}, \cs{grid},
+        and \cs{plotsymbol} (the last one will be described later).
+\item[\cs{tlabelcolor}] This sets the color used for all text labels if
+        the \opt{mplabels} option is turned on.
+\end{description}
+
+The color can be a common name for a color, provided that name is one of
+the following: \texttt{white}, \texttt{black}, \texttt{red},
+\texttt{green}, \texttt{blue}, \texttt{cyan}, \texttt{magenta}, or
+\texttt{yellow}. We have already seen this usage. It can also be a color
+name defined in the file \file{dvipsnam.mp} that accompanies \mfp. It can
+also be an explicit color formula, where color formulas are described in
+the \mfp{} manual.
+
+The optional argument is one of the \emph{color models}. See the manual
+for details, but the syntax is just like that of the \prog{color}
+package's \cs{color} command. For example,
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \pointcolor[rgb]{0,1,0}
+\end{verbatim}
+would use the color model \opt{rgb} with parameters 0, 1, and 0 (this is
+green). After each of these commands a certain color name is assigned a
+value. For example, a use of the \cs{pointcolor} command assigns a value
+to the color named \gbc{pointcolor}. This pattern is followed for all the
+color setting commands above (i.e., \cs{drawcolor} sets \gbc{drawcolor})
+except \cs{backgroundcolor}, which assigns its value to the color named
+\gbc{background}.
+
+Color names for \mfp{} use can be defined using the \cs{mfpdefinecolor}
+command. Here's an example (figure~\ref{fig33}). Note the use of the
+color name \gbc{pointcolor} to make arrowheads and points have the same
+color.
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{3.5}{0}{3.5}
+    \tlabelcolor{red}
+    \pointcolor{rgb(0,1,0)}% green
+    \drawcolor[rgb]{0,0,1} % blue
+    \fillcolor{Goldenrod}  % from dvipsnam.mp
+    \headcolor{pointcolor} % will be green after above
+    \mfpdefinecolor{DarkerRed}{rgb}{.67,0,0}
+    \hatchcolor{DarkerRed}
+    \penwd{1pt}
+    \gfill\circle{(1,1),.5}
+    \point[3pt]{(1,.5),(1,1.5),(.5,1),(1.5,1)}
+    \hatch\rect{(2.5,2.5),(3.5,3.5)}
+    \arrow[l 5pt]\polyline{(1,1),(3,3)}
+    \tlabel[cc](1,3){Examples \\of\\colors}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig33}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{3.5}{0}{3.5}
+    \tlabelcolor{red}
+    \pointcolor{rgb(0,1,0)}% green
+    \drawcolor[rgb]{0,0,1} % blue
+    \fillcolor{Goldenrod}  % from dvipsnam.mp
+    \headcolor{pointcolor} % will be green after above
+    \mfpdefinecolor{DarkerRed}{rgb}{.67,0,0}
+    \hatchcolor{DarkerRed}
+    \penwd{1pt}
+    \gfill\circle{(1,1),.5}
+    \point[3pt]{(1,.5),(1,1.5),(.5,1),(1.5,1)}
+    \hatch\rect{(2.5,2.5),(3.5,3.5)}
+    \arrow[l 5pt]\polyline{(1,1),(3,3)}
+    \tlabel[cc](1,3){Examples \\of\\colors}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+\section{Closing paths}
+
+There are many different ways to modify a figure. We have already seen
+\cs{arrow}, which appends an arrowhead, \cs{reverse} which reverses the
+sense, and several that apply an affine transformation
+(\cs{rotatepath}, \cs{shiftpath}, etc.).  Now we will see the simple
+operation of closing a path.
+
+All methods of closing a path have to connect the end to the start, but
+simply drawing a connection is not enough. \MP{} has to be told to close
+the path, and what kind of connection is desired. We have several macros
+that can do the job, the simplest being \cs{lclosed}, which closes with
+a straight line. Putting \cs{lclosed} in front of \cs{polyline}, for
+example, produces the same result as \cs{polygon}. Another macro is
+\cs{sclosed} which produces a smooth closure. Putting it in front of
+\cs{curve} gives the same result as \cs{cyclic}. There is one other
+useful macro, \cs{bclosed}, which also informs \MP{} to make a
+smooth closure. The difference between \cs{sclosed} and
+\cs{bclosed} is that the first modifies slightly the original path (in
+order to achieve the effect that
+\cs{sclosed}${}+{}$\cs{curve}${}={}$\cs{cyclic}), the second just asks
+\MP{} to do its best to connect the ends smoothly. Here's an example
+comparing the two smooth methods (figure~\ref{fig34}).
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{4}{0}{4}
+   % an open curve:
+    \curve{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+   % \sclosed a shifted copy:
+    \draw\gfill[green]\sclosed\shiftpath{(2,0)}
+        \curve{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+   % \bclosed another copy:
+    \draw\gfill[yellow]\bclosed\shiftpath{(2,-2)}
+        \curve{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+   % \cyclic with same points, shifted:
+    \draw\gfill[red]\shiftpath{(0,-2)}
+        \cyclic{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \tlabeljustify{bc}
+    \nomplabels
+    \tlabels{
+      (1,2.4){\cs{curve}}
+      (3,2.4){\cs{sclosed}}
+      (1,0.4){\cs{cyclic}}
+      (3,0.4){\cs{bclosed}}
+    }
+   % Some points to help illustrate
+    \point{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \point{(2.49,3),(2.5,3.7),(3,4),(3.5,3.7),(3.51,3)}
+    \point{(0.49,1),(.5,1.7),(1,2),(1.5,1.7),(1.51,1)}
+    \point{(2.49,1),(2.5,1.7),(3,2),(3.5,1.7),(3.51,1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{verbatim}
+\begin{mfpfig}{fig34}
+  \begin{mfpic}{0}{4}{0}{4}
+    \curve{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \draw\gfill[green]\sclosed\shiftpath{(2,0)}
+        \curve{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \draw\gfill[yellow]\bclosed\shiftpath{(2,-2)}
+        \curve{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \draw\gfill[red]\shiftpath{(0,-2)}
+        \cyclic{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \tlabeljustify{bc}
+    \nomplabels
+    \tlabels{
+      (1,2.4){\cs{curve}}
+      (3,2.4){\cs{sclosed}}
+      (1,0.4){\cs{cyclic}}
+      (3,0.4){\cs{bclosed}}
+    }
+    \point{(0.49,3),(.5,3.7),(1,4),(1.5,3.7),(1.51,3)}
+    \point{(2.49,3),(2.5,3.7),(3,4),(3.5,3.7),(3.51,3)}
+    \point{(0.49,1),(.5,1.7),(1,2),(1.5,1.7),(1.51,1)}
+    \point{(2.49,1),(2.5,1.7),(3,2),(3.5,1.7),(3.51,1)}
+  \end{mfpic}
+\end{mfpfig}
+
+A word about the labels: we turned off \opt{mplabels} with the command
+\verb$\nomplabels$, because we used a command (\verb$\cs$) defined for
+this document and not known to basic \TeX{} or \LaTeX. The labels
+therefore are position by \LaTeX{} while it assembles this document,
+instead of by \MP{} which would call a separate instance of \TeX{} or
+\LaTeX{} where \cs{cs} was unknown. We could have kept \opt{mplabels},
+provided we had used \verb$\mfpverbtex$ to write the appropriate
+\LaTeX{} preamble to the \file{.mp} output. It would need to be some
+subset of the preamble of this document.
+
+\appendix
+\section{Appendices}
+
+In addition to \pdfLaTeX, \Mfp{} works with plain \pdfTeX, \LaTeX, and
+plain \TeX{}. Instead of \MP{} as the figure processor, \MF{} can also
+be used. Let's start with the difference between using \mfp{} in a
+plain~\TeX{} document and using it in a \LaTeX{} document.
+
+\subsection{\Mfp{} in plain \TeX}
+
+Here is a sample plain \pdfTeX{} document with results the same as our
+first ``Hello, world'' example. Let's call this file \file{plfirst}
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \input mfpic
+    \usemetapost
+  \opengraphsfile{myfigs}
+    My first figure:
+    \mfpic[72]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}
+      \ellipse{(0,0),1,.5}
+    \endmfpic
+    \closegraphsfile
+  \end
+\end{verbatim}
+The main difference is the lack of \LaTeX{} commands. The crucial
+difference is in the first two lines. There we simply
+\verb$\input mfpic$ and we turn on \MP{} support with the
+\verb$\usemetapost$ command instead of an option to \verb$\usepackage$.
+
+Since \verb$\usepackage$ and its options don't exist in plain \TeX{},
+all those features that we select with options in \LaTeX{} must be
+selected by some command in plain. For example, the \opt{mplabels}
+option is replaced with the command \verb$\usemplabels$ (which can also
+be used in \LaTeX).
+
+Also, plain \TeX{} doesn't have environments, so instead of
+\verb$\begin{mfpic}$ we just use \verb$\mfpic$ and instead of
+\verb$\end{mfpic}$ we use \verb$\endmfpic$.
+
+The external processing is essentially the same:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  pdftex plfirst
+  mpost myfigs
+  pdftex plfirst
+\end{verbatim}
+should produce \texttt{plfirst.pdf} with the same picture of an ellipse.
+
+
+\subsection{\Mfp{} without PDF}
+
+If we wish to use nonPDF versions of \LaTeX{} or plain \TeX, the only
+difference is in the processing steps. To process \file{first.tex} with
+\LaTeX, run the command
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{latex first}
+\end{ex}
+followed by
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{mpost myfigs}
+\end{ex}
+followed by latex again.
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{latex first}
+\end{ex}
+Then run the dvi processor of your choice. It should be one that can
+successfully handle eps figures (or at least the simple eps produced by
+\MP). Certainly \prog{dvips} can do it:
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{dvips first}
+\end{ex}
+will produce \file{first.ps}. The file{.ps} file can be viewed with
+\prog{gsview} or printed, or converted to PDF with some distillation
+program like \prog{ps2pdf}. Also \prog{dvipdfm} (if recent, and properly
+configured) can be used convert the \file{.dvi} file to PDF.
+
+\subsection{\Mfp{} without \MP}
+
+\Mfp{} can produce figures using \MF{} instead of \MP. What it does is
+work with \MF{} to produce a made-to-order font, where each picture is a
+large character in that font.
+
+Since \pdfTeX{} and \pdfLaTeX{} do not work well with the fonts produced
+by \MF, and many PDF viewers don't display them well anyway, I do not
+recommend using \mfp{} to produce PDF without turning on \MP{} support.
+However, all dvi viewers and \prog{dvips} \emph{do} work well with such
+fonts, so it can make sense to use \mfp{} with \MF{} \emph{if} you don't
+need the features that \MP{} enables: color and rotation of labels. One
+advantage of doing this is the smaller number of files produced. If
+there are 100 \mfp{} figures in a document, \MP{} produces 100 files
+(apart from a couple of temporary files and the \file{.log} file), but
+the \MF{} procedure produces only four files no matter how many figures
+are present.
+
+To use \mfp{} without \MP{}, omit the \opt{metapost} option or the
+\verb$\usemetapost$ command. If you want a visible reminder of the fact
+that \MF{} is being used, you can use the \opt{metafont} option or the
+\verb$\usemetafont$ command. Of course, you may not use \opt{mplabels}
+without \MP. You may use the color commands and options, but the only
+colors actually produced will be black and white (and occasionally a
+pattern of pixels that simulate gray). The processing steps are
+different. After
+\begin{ex}
+  \texttt{latex first} \quad(or \texttt{tex plfirst})
+\end{ex}
+run \MF:
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{mf myfigs}
+\end{ex}
+This should produce three files: \texttt{myfigs.log},
+\texttt{myfigs.tfm}, and \texttt{myfigs.600gf}. The last one (which
+might have a different number on your system) is called a \emph{generic
+font} (GF) file and contains the bitmap descriptions. If the file
+produced is \texttt{myfigs.2602gf}, and the \file{.tfm} is not produced,
+that indicates a configuration problem with your system that we'll get
+to later. If this did work, one needs to convert the \file{gf} file to a
+PK font file, the standard format for bitmap fonts in the \TeX{} world.
+This may be done with
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{gftopk myfigs.600gf}
+\end{ex}
+Some systems may require you to name the output file on the command
+line:
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{gftopk myfigs.600gf myfigs.600pk}
+\end{ex}
+And some systems may require the extension to be simply \file{.pk}:
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{gftopk myfigs.600gf myfigs.pk}
+\end{ex}
+Finally, some systems may have a \prog{makepk} or \prog{mktexpk} command
+that can be used in place of the combination of \MF{} and \prog{gftopk}.
+You'll have to check what your system has and what its usage might be,
+and what it might do with the PK file produced.
+
+After the above, one again runs `\texttt{latex first}' (or `\texttt{tex
+plfirst}'), and then the {.dvi} can be viewed or processed with dvips.
+The two files \file{myfigs.log} and \file{myfigs.600gf} can be deleted;
+only \file{myfigs.tfm} and \file{myfigs.600pk} are needed. If the viewed
+image shows the pictures at a far different size than you expect, this can
+also indicate a configuration problem.
+
+Some systems permit on-the-fly creation of PK files by various
+\file{.dvi} processing programs. It is not wise to allow this to happen
+when working with \mfp. The problem is that this automatic creation
+process is \emph{not} repeated when a figure is edited unless the old PK
+files are deleted, and it may take some hunting to even locate them. One
+should \emph{always} follow the \MF{} step with the \prog{gftopk} step.
+You might even want to write a batch script or makefile to ensure that
+this happens.
+
+Another problem, more an annoyance, that can occur comes from the
+behavior of most dvi viewers: most will reload a \file{.dvi} file if
+they detect that it has changed (or if asked to), but will usually
+\emph{not} reload any fonts even if they have changed. So if one is
+going through a edit-compile-view cycle involving \mfp{} figures, one
+usually has to close the viewer and open it again before one can see
+changes that were made in the figures after starting the viewer.
+
+\subsection{\MF{} configuration problems}
+
+To diagnose these problems it important to know something about
+\emph{printer modes}. \CMF{} produces bitmap images of characters. This
+means a description of a block of pixels, telling which ones are black
+and which are white. If the description says that 60 pixels in a row are
+black, that produces a thin black line. How long that line is depends on
+the size of a printer's pixels. For the LaserJet IV, there are 600
+pixels to the inch, so 60 pixels makes 1/10 of an inch. The LaserJet~II,
+however, has 300 pixels to the inch, so 60 pixels is 1/5 of an inch
+long. What \MF{} needs in order to produce an image that is the correct
+size is (at a minimum) the \emph{resolution} of the intended printer.
+This is typically reported in DPI (dots per inch) and \MF{} keeps the
+value in the variable \mfc{pixels_per_inch}.
+
+As part of the configuration of your DVI viewer or of \prog{dvips} you
+may have needed to select a printer from a list, or edit a line in some
+configuration file (e.g., \file{config.ps}). What was going on then was
+the assigning of a default \MF{} printer mode. There is a file on most
+\TeX{} systems named \file{modes.mf} which assigns symbolic names to a
+set of parameters that enable \MF{} to tune its output to a particular
+printer. For example, the LaserJet~IV is given the name
+`\texttt{ljfour}' and that name is associated with the value 600 for
+\mfc{pixels_per_inch}. In order to tell \MF{} to make output for the
+LaserJet~IV, one can put that information on the command line:
+\begin{ex}
+    \texttt{mf \cs{mode}:=ljfour; input myfigs}
+\end{ex}
+Your operating system or \TeX{} distribution may require you to quote
+the backslash in the above command.
+
+There is a system for making the selection of the correct mode
+semi-automatic, not requiring a command line specification. Near the end
+of \file{modes.mf} is a line similar to
+\begin{ex}
+    \mfc{localfont:=ljfour;}
+\end{ex}
+This is intended to equate the symbolic name \mfc{localfont} with the
+user's default printer. If the LaserJet~IV is your default printer, the
+line above would be the correct one. If it is not, then that line should
+be changed. This can be done with an ordinary text editor, or your
+\TeX{} system may have a configuration utility to take care of it.
+
+If you say ``\texttt{mf myfigs}'' on an \mfp{} file \file{myfigs.mf}, \mfp's
+internal code will detect that no mode was defined on the command line.
+It will then check if \mfc{localfont} is defined and if so, use that for
+the printer mode. Finally, if that fails, it will select \mfc{ljfour}.
+If even that is unknown, \MF{} will go into \emph{proof mode} and set
+\mfc{pixels_per_inch} equal to approximately 2602 (and it will
+\emph{not} produce a \file{.tfm} file).
+
+\Mfp{} doesn't need to know all the parameters associated to a printer
+mode, only the value of \mfc{pixels_per_inch}. If you get a GF file that
+indicates an incorrect DPI value for your printer, you should arrange
+for the line in \file{modes.mf} that sets \mfc{localfont} to be
+corrected. At the very least it should equate \mfc{localfont} to a name
+defined in \file{modes.mf} and associated to a printer with the same DPI
+as yours. After changing \file{modes.mf}, you need to run whatever
+programs your \TeX{} systems requires to remake the \MF{} format.
+
+\end{document}
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+<< /S /GoTo /D (section.1) >>
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+startxref
+384155
+%%EOF
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpman.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/mfpman.tex
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,4991 @@
+%%% File: mfpman.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+%  Documentation of mfpic macros
+\documentclass[letterpaper]{article}
+
+\usepackage{pslatex}
+
+\usepackage{mfpdoc}
+\pagestyle{mfpdoc}
+\usepackage{verbatim}
+\usepackage{makeidx}
+\makeindex
+
+\ifpdf
+\usepackage[pdftex,colorlinks,pdfpagemode=none,pdfstartview=FitH,%
+plainpages=false,hypertexnames=true]{hyperref}
+\pdfstringdefDisableCommands{\def\cs#1{\otherbackslash#1}%
+    \def\opt#1{#1}\def\prog#1{#1}}
+\fi
+
+\title{\Mfp: Pictures in \TeX\\ with Metafont and MetaPost}
+\author{Dr Thomas E. Leathrum
+\and Geoffrey Tobin\thanks{\email{G.Tobin@latrobe.edu.au}}
+\and Daniel H. Luecking\thanks{\email {luecking@uark.edu}}}
+\date{\mfpdate}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\pagenumbering{roman}
+\maketitle
+\tableofcontents
+
+\clearpage
+\pagenumbering{arabic}
+
+\section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
+
+\subsection{Why?}\label{why}
+
+Tom got the idea for \mfp%
+    \footnote{If you're wondering how to pronounce `\mfp': I always say
+    `em-eff-\textbf{pick}', speaking the first two letters. ---DHL.} %
+mostly out of a feeling of frustration. Different output mechanisms for
+printing or viewing \TeX{} DVI files each have their own ways to include
+pictures.  More often than not, there are provisions for including
+graphic objects into a \prog{DVI} file using \TeX{} \cs{special}'s.
+However, this technique seemed far from \TeX's ideal of
+device independence because different \TeX{} output drivers recognize
+different \cs{special's}, and handle them in different ways.
+
+\LaTeX's \env{picture} environment has a hopelessly limited supply of
+available objects to draw---if you want to draw a graph of a polynomial
+curve, you're out of luck.
+
+There was, of course, \PiCTeX, which is wonderfully flexible and general,
+but its most obvious feature was its speed---or rather lack of it.
+Processing a single picture in \PiCTeX{} could often take several seconds.
+
+It occurred to Tom that it might be possible to take advantage of the
+fact that \MF{} is \emph{designed} for drawing things. The result of
+pursuing this idea is \mfp, a set of macros for \TeX{} and
+\MF{} which incorporate \MF-drawn pictures into a \TeX{} file.
+
+With the creation of \MP{} by John Hobby, and the almost universal
+availability of free \PS{} interpreters like \GS, some \mfp{} users
+wanted to run their \mfp{} output through \MP, to produce \PS{}
+pictures. Moreover, users wanted to be able to use \pdfTeX, which does
+not get along well with PK fonts, but is quite happy with \MP{}
+pictures. Unfortunately \file{grafbase.mf}, which contained the \MF{}
+macros responsible for processing \mfp's output, was far too
+pixel-oriented for \MP. A new file, \file{grafbase.mp} was created,
+based very heavily on \file{grafbase.mf} but compatible with \MP. Now
+when an \mfp{} output file says \mfc{input grafbase}, either \MF{} or
+\MP{} may be run on it, and each program will select its own macros, and
+produce (nearly) the same picture. This gets us away from device
+independence, but many users were not so much concerned with that as
+with having a convenient way to have text and pictures described in the
+same document.
+
+With the extra capabilities of \PS{} (e.g., color) and the corresponding
+abilities of \MP, there was a demand for some \mfp{} interface to
+access them. Consequently, switches (options) have been added to access
+some of them. When these are used, output files may no longer be
+compatible with \MF.
+
+\subsection{Who?}\label{author}
+
+\Mfp{} was written primarily by Tom Leathrum during the late
+(northern hemisphere) spring and summer of 1992, while at Dartmouth
+College. Different versions were being written and tested for nearly two
+years after that, during which time Tom finished his Ph.D. and took a
+job at Berry College, in Rome, GA.  Between fall of 1992 and fall of
+1993, much of the development was carried out by others.  Those who
+helped most in this process are credited in the Acknowledgements.
+
+Somewhere in the mid 1990's the development passed to Geoffrey Tobin who
+kept things going for several years.
+
+The addition of \MP{} support was carried out by Dan Luecking around
+1997--99. He is also responsible for all other additions and changes
+since then, with help from Geoffrey and a few others mentioned in the
+Acknowledgements.
+
+\subsection{What?}\label{manifest}
+
+See \file{README.txt} for a list and a brief explanation of each of
+the files. Only five are actually needed for full access to
+\mfp's capabilities: \file{mfpic.tex}, \file{mfpic.sty} (the
+latter needed only for \LaTeX's \cs{usepackage}), \file{grafbase.mf}
+(needed only if \MF{} will be processing the figures),
+\file{grafbase.mp} and \file{dvipsnam.mp} (needed only if \MP{} will be
+the processor).
+
+The readme file that accompanies \mfp{} gives some guidence on the
+proper location for the installation of these files.
+
+\subsection{How?}\label{process}
+
+Setting up \TeX{} and \MF{} to process these files will, to an extent,
+depend on your local installation. The biggest problem you are likely to
+have, regardless of your installation, will be convincing \TeX{} and its
+output drivers to find \MF's output files. You should do whatever is
+necessary (perhaps nothing!) to insure that \TeX{} looks in the current
+directory for \file{.tfm} files, and that your dvi driver/viewer looks
+in the current directory for \file{.pk} files. If you process your
+pictures with \MP{} there is nothing to do in this regard.
+
+Here is an example of the process: for the sample file
+\file{pictures.tex}%
+    \footnote{Read \file{mfpguide.pdf} for examples of minimal \mfp{}
+    input files.}, %
+first run \TeX{} on it (or run \LaTeX{} on \file{lapictures.tex}). You
+may see a message from \mfp{} that there is no file \file{pics.tfm}, but
+\TeX{} will continue processing the file anyway. When \TeX{} is
+finished, you will now have a file called \file{pics.mf}. This is the
+\MF{} file containing the descriptions of the pictures for
+\file{pictures.tex}. You need to run \MF{} on \file{pics.mf}, with
+\cs{mode:=localfont} set up.  (Read your \MF{} manual to see how to do
+this.%
+    \footnote{If you are new to running \MF, the document
+    \textit{Metafont for Beginners}, by \hbox{Geoffrey Tobin}, is a good
+    start. Fetch \file{CTAN/info/metafont-for-beginners.tex}.
+    `\file{CTAN}' means the Comprehensive \TeX{} Archive Network. You
+    can find the mirror nearest you by pointing your browser at
+    \file{http://www.ctan.org/}.}) %
+Typically, you just type
+\begin{verbatim}
+    mf pics.mf
+\end{verbatim}
+or, to use a particular printer mode such as \texttt{ljfour}, possibly
+something like
+\begin{verbatim}
+    mf '\mode:=ljfour; input pics.mf'
+\end{verbatim}
+This produces a \file{pics.tfm} file and a GF file with a name something
+like \file{pics.600gf}. The actual number may be different and the
+extension may get truncated on some file systems. Then you run
+\prog{gftopk} on the GF file to produce a PK font file. (Read your
+\prog{gftopk} manual on how to do this.) Typically, you just run
+\begin{verbatim}
+    gftopk pics.600gf
+\end{verbatim}
+(or possibly \ \verb$gftopk pics.600gf pics.600pk$ \ or \
+\verb$gftopk pics.600gf pics.pk$ ).
+
+Now you have the font (the \file{.pk} file) and font metric file (the
+\file{.tfm}) generated by \MF, reprocess the file \file{pictures.tex}
+with \TeX. The resulting DVI file should now be complete, and you should
+be able to print and view it at your computer (assuming your viewer and
+print driver have been set up to be able to find the PK font generated
+from \file{pics.mf}). You can delete \file{pics.600gf} and
+\file{pics.log}.
+
+If you use \mfp{} with the \opt{metapost} option (this would require you
+to edit \file{pictures.tex} or \file{lapictures.tex}. See
+chapter~\ref{options} for how to do this), then \file{pics.mp} is
+produced, and you need to replace the \MF/\prog{gftopk} steps with the
+single step of running \MP. (Read your \MP{} documentation on how to do
+this.%
+    \footnote{The document \textit{Some experiences on running Metafont
+    and MetaPost}, by Peter Wilson, can be useful for beginners. Fetch
+    \file{CTAN/info/metafp.pdf}.}) %
+Typically just
+\begin{verbatim}
+    mpost pics.mp
+\end{verbatim}
+or possibly \ \verb$mp pics.mp$ .
+
+After reprocessing \file{pictures.tex} with \TeX{} you should then be
+able to run dvips on the resulting DVI file and print or view its \PS{}
+output. It \pdfTeX{} is used instead of \TeX{} on the second run, you
+should be able to view the resulting PDF file with the pictures
+included.
+
+It is not advisable to rely on automatic font generation to create the
+\file{.tfm} and \file{.pk} files. (Different systems do this in
+different ways, so here I will try to give a generic explanation.) The
+reason: later editing of a figure will require new files to be built,
+and most automatic systems will \emph{not} remake the files once they
+have been created. This is not so much a problem with the \file{.tfm},
+as \mfp{} never tries to load the font if the \file{.tfm} is absent and
+therefore no automatic \file{.tfm}-making should ever be triggered.
+However, if you forget to run \prog{gftopk}, then try to view your
+resulting file, you may have to search your system and delete some
+automatically generated \file{.pk} file (they can turn up in
+unpredictable places) before you can see any later changes. It might
+be wise to write a shell script (batch file) that (1)~runs \MF, (2)~runs
+\prog{gftopk} if step~1 returns no error, (3)~deletes the \file{.tfm} if
+the \file{.pk} file does not exist. That way, if anything goes wrong,
+the \file{.dvi} will not contain the font (\mfp{} will draw a rectangle
+and the figure number in place of the figure).
+
+These processing steps---processing with \TeX, processing with
+\MF/\prog{gftopk}, and reprocessing with \TeX---may not always be
+necessary. In particular, if you change the \TeX{} document without
+making any changes at all to the pictures, then there will be no need to
+repeat the \MF{} or \MP{} steps.
+
+There are also somewhat subtle circumstance under which you can skip the
+second \TeX{} step after editing a file that has gone through the above
+process. Listing the exact cirumstances is rather involved, so it is
+recommended that you always repeat the \TeX{} step if changes have been
+made.
+
+What makes \mfp{} work? When you run \TeX{} on the file
+\file{pictures.tex}, the \mfp{} macros issue \TeX{} \cs{write
+commands}, writing \MF{} (or \MP) commands to a file \file{pics.mf} (or
+\file{pics.mp}).  The user should never have to read or change the
+file \file{pics.mf} directly---the \mfp{} macros take care of it.
+
+The enterprising user can determine by examining the \mfp{} source and
+the resulting \MF{} file, that \mfp{} drawing macros translate almost
+directly into similar \MF/\MP{} commands, defined in one of the files
+\file{grafbase.mf} or \file{grafbase.mp}. The labels and
+captions, however, are placed on the graph by \TeX{} using box
+placement techniques similar to those used in \LaTeX's \env{picture}
+environment (except when option \opt{mplabels} is in effect, in which
+case \MP{} places the labels).
+
+
+\clearpage
+\section{Options.}\label{options}
+
+There are now several options to the \mfp{} package. These can be listed
+in the standard \LaTeX{} \cs{usepackage} optional argument, or can be
+turned on with certain provided commands (the only possibility for plain
+\TeX). Some options can be switched off and on throughout the document.
+Here we merely list them and provide a general description of their
+purpose. More details may be found later in the discussion of the
+features affected. The headings below give the option name, the
+alternative macro and, if available, the command for turning off the
+option. Any option not among those given below will be passed on to the
+\prog{graphics} package, provided the \opt{metapost} option has been
+used.
+
+If the file \file{mfpic.cfg} exists, it will be input just before all
+options are processed. You can create such a file containing an
+\cs{ExecuteOptions} command to execute any options you would like to
+have as default. Actual options to \cs{usepackage} will override these
+defaults, of course. And so will any of the commands below.
+
+If the file \file{mfpic.usr} exists, it will be input at the end of the
+loading of \mfp. The user can create such a file containing any of the
+commands of this section that he would like to have as default.
+
+\subsection{\opt{metapost}, \cs{usemetapost}}\label{metapost}
+\index{metapost@\opt{metapost}}\index{usemetapost@\cs{usemetapost}}
+
+Selects \MP{} as the figure processor and makes specific features
+available. It changes the extension used on the output file to
+\file{.mp} to signal that it can no longer be processed with \MF. There
+is also a \opt{metafont} option (command \cs{usemetafont}), but it is
+redundant, as \MF{} is the default. Either command must come before the
+\cs{opengraphsfile} command (see section~\ref{files}). They should not
+be used together in the same document. (Actually, they can but one needs
+to close one output file and open another. Moreover, it hasn't ever been
+seriously tested, and it wasn't taken into consideration in writing most
+of the macros.) If the command form \cs{usemetapost} is used in a
+\LaTeXe{} document, it must come in the preamble. Because of the timing
+of actions by the \prog{babel} package and by older versions of
+\file{supp-pdf.tex} (input by \file{pdftex.def} in the \prog{graphics}
+package), when \pdfLaTeX{} is used \mfp{} should be loaded and
+\cs{usemetapost} (if used) declared before \prog{babel} is loaded.
+
+
+\subsection{\opt{mplabels}, \cs{usemplabels},
+\cs{nomplabels}}\label{mplabels}
+\index{mplabels@\opt{mplabels}}\index{usemplabels@\cs{usemplabels}}%
+\index{nomplabels@\cs{nomplabels}}
+
+Causes all label creation commands to write their contents to the output
+file. It has no effect on the \cs{tcaption} command. In this case labels
+are handled by \MP{} and can be rotated. It requires \MP, and will be be
+ignored without it (\MF{} cannot handle labels). It may also produce an
+error either from \TeX{} or \MF. Otherwise the commands can come
+anywhere and affect subsequent \cs{tlabel} commands. When this is in
+effect, the labels become part of the figure and, in the default
+handling, they may be clipped off or covered up by later drawing
+elements. But see the next section on the \opt{overlaylabels} option.
+Labels added to a picture contribute to the bounding box even if
+\opt{truebbox} is not in effect.
+
+The user is responsible for adding the appropriate \mfc{verbatimtex}
+header to the output file if necessary. For this purpose, there is the
+\cs{mfpverbtex} command, see section~\ref{labels}. If
+the label text contains only valid plain \TeX{} macros, there is
+generally no need for a \mfc{verbatimtex} preamble at all. If you add a
+\mfc{verbatimtex} preamble of \LaTeX{} code take care to make sure \MP{}
+calls \LaTeX{} (for example, by setting the environmental variable
+\texttt{TEX} to \texttt{latex} in the command shell of your operating
+system.).
+
+
+\subsection{\opt{overlaylabels}, \cs{overlaylabels}, \cs{nooverlaylabels}}
+\label{overlaylabels}
+\index{overlaylabels@\opt{overlaylabels}}%
+\index{overlaylabels@\cs{overlaylabels}}%
+\index{nooverlaylabels@\cs{nooverlaylabels}}
+
+In the past, under \opt{mplabels} all text labels created by \cs{tlabel}
+and its relatives were added to the picture by \MP{} \emph{as they
+occurred}. This made them subject to later drawing commands: they could
+be covered up, erased, or clipped. With this option (or after the
+command \cs{overlaylabels}) text labels are saved in a separate place
+from the rest of a picture. When a picture is completed, the labels that
+were saved are added on top of it. This is the way labels always behave
+under the \opt{metafont} option, because then \TeX{} must add the labels
+and there is no possibility for special effects involving clipping or
+erasing (at the \MF{} level).
+
+With the \opt{metapost} option, but without \opt{mplabels} it has been
+decided to keep the same behavior (and the same code) as under the
+\opt{metafont} option. However, when \opt{mplabels} is used, there is
+the possibility for special effects with text, and it has always been
+the behavior before this version to simply place the labels as they
+occurred. It turns out that placing the labels at the end is cleaner and
+simpler to code, so I experimented with it and rejected it as a default,
+but now offer it as an option. With this option, \mfp{} labels have
+almost the same behavior with or without \opt{mplabels}.
+
+
+\subsection{\opt{truebbox}, \cs{usetruebbox},
+\cs{notruebbox}}\label{truebbox}
+\index{truebbox@\opt{truebbox}}\index{usetruebbox@\cs{usetruebbox}}%
+\index{notruebbox@\cs{notruebbox}}
+
+Normally \MP{} outputs an EPS file with the actual bounding box of the
+figure. By default, \mfp{} \emph{overrides} this and sets the bounding
+box to the dimensions specified by the \cs{mfpic} command that produced
+it. (This used to be needed for \TeX{} is to handle \cs{tlabel} commands
+correctly. Now, it is just for backward compatability, and for
+compatability with \MF's behavior.) It is reasonable to let \MP{} have
+its way, and that is what this option does. If one of the command forms
+is used in an \env{mfpic} environment, it affects only that environment,
+otherwise it affects all subsequent figures. This option currently has
+no effect with \MF, but should cause no errors.
+
+
+\subsection{\opt{clip}, \cs{clipmfpic}, \cs{noclipmfpic}}\label{clip}
+\index{clip@\opt{clip}}\index{clipmfpic@\cs{clipmfpic}}%
+\index{noclipmfpic@\cs{noclipmfpic}}
+
+Causes all parts of the figure outside the rectangle specified by the
+\cs{mfpic} command to be removed. The commands can come anywhere. If
+issued inside an \env{mfpic} environment they affect the current figure
+only. Otherwise all subsequent figures are affected. Note: this is a
+rather rudimentary option. It has an often unexpected interaction with
+truebbox. When both are in effect, \MP{} will produce a bounding box
+that is the intersection of two rectangles: the true one \emph{without
+clipping}, and the box specified in the \cs{mfpic} command. It is
+possible that the actual figure will be much smaller (even empty!). This
+is a property of the \MP{} \gbc{clip} command and we know of no way to
+avoid it.
+
+
+\subsection{\opt{centeredcaptions}, \cs{usecenteredcaptions},
+\cs{nocenteredcaptions}}\label{centeredcaptions}
+\index{centeredcaptions@\opt{centeredcaptions}}%
+\index{usecenteredcaptions@\cs{usecenteredcaptions}}%
+\index{nocenteredcaptions@\cs{nocenteredcaptions}}
+
+Causes multiline captions created by \cs{tcaption} to have all lines
+centered. This has no effect on the normal \LaTeX{} \cs{caption}
+command.%
+    \footnote{This writer [DHL] feels that \cs{tcaption} is too limited
+    and users ought to apply the caption by other means, such as
+    \LaTeX's \cs{caption} command, outside the \env{mfpic}
+    environment.} %
+The commands can be issued anywhere. If inside an \env{mfpic}
+environment they should come before the \cs{tcaption} command and affect
+only it, otherwise they affect all subsequent figures.
+
+\subsection{\opt{debug}, \cs{mfpicdebugtrue},
+\cs{mfpicdebugfalse}}\label{debug}
+\index{debug@\opt{debug}}\index{mfpicdebugtrue@\cs{mfpicdebugtrue}}%
+\index{mfpicdebugfalse@\cs{mfpicdebugfalse}}
+
+Causes \mfp{} to write a rather large amount of information to the
+\file{.log} file and sometimes to the terminal. Debug information
+generated by \file{mfpic.tex} \emph{while loading} is probably of
+interest only to developers, but can be turned on by giving a definition
+to the command \cs{mfpicdebug} prior to loading.
+
+\subsection{\opt{clearsymbols}, \cs{clearsymbols}, \cs{noclearsymbols}}
+\index{clearsymbols@\opt{clearsymbols}}
+\index{clearsymbols@\cs{clearsymbols}}
+\index{noclearsymbols@\cs{noclearsymbols}}
+
+\Mfp{} has two commands, \cs{point} and \cs{plotsymbol} that place a
+small symbol at each of a list of points. The first can place either a
+small filled disk or an open disk, the choice being dictated by the
+setting of the boolean \cs{pointfilltrue} or \cs{pointfillfalse}. The
+behavior of \cs{point} in the case of \cs{pointfillfalse} is to erase the
+interior of the disk in addition to drawing its circumference.
+
+The second command \cs{plotsymbol} can place a variety of shapes, some
+open, some not. Its behavior until now was always simply to draw the
+shape without erasing the interior. Two other commands that placed these
+symbols, \cs{plotnodes} and \cs{plot}, had the same behavior. With this
+option, two of these, \cs{plotsymbol} and \cs{plotnodes}, will erase the
+interior of the open symbols before drawing them. Thus
+\cs{plotsymbol}\marg{SolidCircle} still works just like
+\cs{pointfilltrue}\cs{point}, and now with this option
+\cs{plotsymbol}\marg{Circle} behaves the same as
+\cs{pointfillfalse}\cs{point}. The \cs{plot} command is unaffected by
+this option.
+
+
+\subsection{\opt{draft}, \opt{final}, \opt{nowrite}, \cs{mfpicdraft},
+    \cs{mfpicfinal}, \cs{mfpicnowrite}}\label{draft}
+\index{draft@\opt{draft}}\index{final@\opt{final}}%
+\index{nowrite@\opt{nowrite}}\index{mfpicdraft@\cs{mfpicdraft}}%
+\index{mfpicfinal@\cs{mfpicfinal}}\index{mfpicnowrite@\cs{mfpicnowrite}}
+
+Under the \opt{metapost} option, the various macros that include the
+\EPS{} files emit rather large amounts of confusing error messages when
+the files don't exist (especially in \LaTeX). For this reason, before
+each picture is placed, \mfp{} checks for the existence of the
+graphic before trying to include it. However, on some systems checking
+for the existence of a nonexistent file can be very slow because the
+entire \TeX{} search path will need to be checked. Therefore, \mfp{}
+doesn't even attempt any inclusion on the first run. The first run is
+detected by the non-existence of \file{\meta{file}.1}, where \meta{file}
+is the name given in the \cs{opengraphsfile} command (but see also
+section~\ref{files}). These options can be used to override this
+automatic detection. All the command versions should come \emph{before}
+the \cs{opengraphsfile} command. The \cs{mfpicnowrite} command
+\emph{must} come before it.
+
+These options might be used if, for example, the first figure has an
+error and is not created by \MP, but you would like \mfp{} to go
+ahead and include the remaining figures. Then use \opt{final}. It can
+also be used to override a \LaTeX{} global \opt{draft} option. Or if
+\file{\meta{file}.1} exists, but other figures still have errors and you
+would like several runs to be treated as first runs until \MP{} has
+stopped issuing error messages, then use \opt{draft}.  These commands
+also work under the \opt{metafont} option, but time and error messages
+are less of an issue then. If all the figures have been created and
+debugged, some time might be saved (with either \opt{metafont} or
+\opt{metapost}) by not writing the output file again, then \opt{nowrite}
+can be used.
+
+
+\subsection{Option Scoping Rules}\label{scoping}
+
+Some of these options merely change \TeX{} behavior, others write
+information to the output file for \MF{} or \MP. Changes in \TeX{}
+behavior obey the normal \TeX{} grouping rules, the information written
+to the output file obeys \MF{} grouping rules. Since each \env{mfpic}
+environment is both a \TeX{} group and (corresponds to) a \MF{} group,
+the following always holds: use of one of the command forms inside of an
+\env{mfpic} environment makes the change local to that environment.
+
+An effort has been made (as of version 0.7) to make this universal. That
+is, any of the commands listed above for turning options on and off will
+be global when issued outside an \env{mfpic} environment. The debug
+commands are exceptions; they obey all \TeX{} scoping rules.
+
+We have also tried to make all other \mfp{} commands for changing the
+various parameters follow this rule: local inside \env{mfpic}
+environment, global outside. However, as of this writing I don't
+claim to have caught every one.
+
+The following are special:
+\cs{usemetapost}\index{usemetapost@\cs{usemetapost}},
+\cs{usemetafont}\index{usemetafont@\cs{usemetafont}},
+\cs{mfpicdraft}\index{mfpicdraft@\cs{mfpicdraft}},
+\cs{mfpicfinal}\index{mfpicfinal@\cs{mfpicfinal}},
+and
+\cs{mfpicnowrite}\index{mfpicnowrite@\cs{mfpicnowrite}}.
+Their effects are always global, partly because they should occur prior
+to the initialization command \cs{opengraphsfile} (described in
+section~\ref{files}). Note that \cs{usemetapost} may cause a file of
+graphic inclusion macros to be input. If this command is issued inside a
+group, some definitions in that file may be lost, breaking the graphic
+inclusion code.
+
+\clearpage
+\section{The Macros.}\label{macros}
+
+In these descriptions we will often refer to `\MF{}' when we really mean
+`\MF{} or \MP{}'. This will especially be the case whenever we need to
+refer to commands in the two languages which are substantially the same,
+but occasionally we will even talk about running `\MF{}' when we mean
+running one or the other to process the figures. If we need to
+discriminate between the two processors, (for example when they have
+different behavior) we will make the difference explicit.
+
+A similar shorthand is used when referring to \TeX{}. It should not be
+taken to mean plain\TeX, but rather whatever version of \TeX{} is used
+to process the source file: \LaTeX, \pdfTeX, \pdfLaTeX, etc.
+
+Many of the commands of \mfp{} have optional arguments. These are
+denoted just as in \LaTeX, with square brackets. Thus, the command for
+drawing a circle can be given
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{circle}\marg{(0,0),1}
+\end{ex}
+having only the mandatory argument, or
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{circle}\oarg{p}\marg{(0,0),1}
+\end{ex}
+Whenever an optional argument is omitted, the behavior is equivalent to
+some choice of the optional argument. In this example, the two forms
+have exactly the same behavior, drawing a circle centered at $(0,0)$
+with radius $1$. In this case we will say that \oarg{p} is the
+\emph{default}. Another example is \cs{point}\marg{(1,0)} versus
+\cs{point}\oarg{3pt}\marg{(1,0)}. They both place a dot at the point
+$(1,0)$. The second one explicitly request that it have diameter
+\dim{3pt}; the first will examine the length command \cs{pointsize},
+which the user can change, but it is initialized to \dim{2pt}. In this
+case we will say the default is the value of \cs{pointsize},
+\emph{initially \dim{2pt}}.
+
+Optional arguments for \mfp{} commands may consist of empty brackets
+(completely empty, no spaces) and the default will be used. This is
+useful only for commands that have two optional arguments and one only
+wants to change from the defaults in the second one. An optional
+argument should normally not contain any spaces. Even when the argument
+contains more than one piece of data, spaces should not separate the
+parts. In many cases (perhaps most) this will cause no harm, but it
+would be better to avoid doing it altogether.
+
+
+\subsection{Files and Environments.}\label{files}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{opengraphsfile}\marg{\meta{file}}\\
+  \ $\ldots$\\
+\cs{closegraphsfile}%
+\index{opengraphsfile@\cs{opengraphsfile}}%
+\index{closegraphsfile@\cs{closegraphsfile}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These macros open and close the \MF{} or \MP{} file which will contain
+the pictures to be included in this document.  The name of the file will
+be \file{\meta{file}.mf} (or \file{\meta{file}.mp}). Do \emph{not}
+specify the extension, which is added automatically.
+
+\emph{Note}: This command will cause \file{\meta{file}.mf} or
+\file{\meta{file}.mp} to be overwritten if it already exists, so be sure
+to consider that when selecting the name. Repeating the running of
+\TeX{} will overwrite the file created on previous runs, but that should
+be harmless. For if no changes are made to \env{mfpic} environments, the
+identical file will be recreated, and if changes have been made, then
+you want the file to be replaced with the new version.
+
+It is possible (but \emph{has not} been seriously tested) to close one
+file and open another, and even to change between \opt{metapost} and
+\opt{metafont} in between. If anything goes wrong with this, contact the
+maintainer and it might be fixed in some later version.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpic}\oarg{\meta{xscale}}\oarg{\meta{yscale}}%
+  \marg{\meta{xmin}}\marg{\meta{xmax}}\marg{\meta{ymin}}\marg{\meta{ymax}}\\
+  \ $\ldots$\\
+\cs{endmfpic}%
+\index{mfpic@\cs{mfpic}}\index{endmfpic@\cs{endmfpic}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These macros open and close the \env{mfpic} environment in which most of
+the rest of the macros make sense. The \cs{mfpic} macro also sets up the
+local coordinate system for the picture. The \meta{xscale} and
+\meta{yscale} parameters establish the length of a coordinate system
+unit, as a multiple of the \TeX{} dimension \cs{mfpicunit}. If neither
+is specified, both are taken to be 1 (i.e., each coordinate system unit
+is 1 \cs{mfpicunit}). If only one is specified, then they are assumed to
+be equal. The \meta{xmin} and \meta{xmax} parameters establish the lower
+and upper bounds for the $x$-axis coordinates; similarly, \meta{ymin}
+and \meta{ymax} establish the bounds for the $y$-axis. These bounds are
+expressed in local units---in other words, the actual width of the
+picture will be $(\meta{xmax}-\meta{xmin})\cdot\meta{xscale}$ times
+\cs{mfpicunit}, its height $(\meta{ymax}-\meta{ymin})\cdot\meta{yscale}$
+times \cs{mfpicunit}, and its depth zero. One can scale all pictures
+uniformly by changing \cs{mfpicunit}, and scale an individual picture by
+changing \meta{xscale} and \meta{yscale}. After loading \mfp,
+\cs{mfpicunit} has the value \dim{1pt}. One \texttt{pt} is a
+\emph{printer's point}, which equals 1/72.27 inches or 0.35146
+millimeters.
+
+\emph{Note}: Changing \cs{mfpicunit} or the optional parameters will
+scale the coordinate system, but not the values of certain parameters
+that are defined in absolute units. Examples of these are the default
+width of the drawing pen, the default lengths of arrowheads, the default
+sizes of dashes and dots, etc. If you wish, you can set these to
+multiples of \cs{mfpicunit}, but it is difficult (and probably unwise)
+to get them to scale along with the scale parameters.
+
+In addition to establishing the coordinate system, these scales and
+bounds are used to establish the metric for the \MF{} character or
+bounding box for the \MP{} figure described within the environment. If
+any of these parameters are changed, the \file{.tfm} file (\MF) or the
+bounding box (\MP) will be affected, so you will have to be sure to
+reprocess the \TeX{} file after processing the \file{.mf} or \file{.mp}
+file, even if no other changes are made in the figure.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpicnumber}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{mfpicnumber@\cs{mfpicnumber}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Normally, \cs{mfpic} assigns the number 1 to the first \env{mfpic}
+environment, after which the number is increased by one for each new
+\env{mfpic} environment. This number is used internally to include the
+picture. It is also transmitted to the output file where it is used as
+the argument to a \gbc{beginmfpic} command. In \MF{} this number becomes
+the position of the character in the font file, while in \MP{} it is the
+extension on the graphic file that is output. The above command tells
+\mfp{} to ignore this sequence and number the next \env{mfpic}
+figure with \meta{num} (and the one after that $\meta{num}+1$, etc.). It
+is up to the user to make sure no number is repeated, as no checking is
+done. Numbers greater than 255 may cause errors, as \TeX{} assumes that
+characters are represented by 8-bit numbers. If the first figure is to
+be numbered something other than $1$, then, under the \opt{metapost}
+option, this command should come before \cs{opengraphsfile}, as that
+command checks for the existence of the first numbered figure to
+determine if there are figures to be included.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{begin}\marg{mfpic}\texttt{...}\cs{end}\marg{mfpic}%
+\index{begin@\cs{begin}\marg{mfpic}}
+\end{cd}
+
+In \LaTeX, instead of \cs{mfpic} and \cs{endmfpic}, you may prefer to
+use \cs{begin}\marg{mfpic} and \cs{end}\marg{mfpic}. This is by no means
+required: in \LaTeX{} \cs{begin}\marg{command} invokes \cs{command}, and
+\cs{end}\marg{command} invokes \cs{endcommand}, for any environment
+\env{command}.
+
+The sample file \file{lapictures.tex} provided with \mfp{}
+illustrates this use of an \env{mfpic} environment in \LaTeX.
+
+\medskip
+The rest of the \mfp{} macros do not affect the font metric file
+(\file{\meta{file}.tfm}), and so if these commands are changed or added
+in your document, you will not have to repeat the third step of
+processing (reprocessing with \TeX) to complete your \TeX{} document.
+The same is true when option \opt{metapost} is selected without the
+\opt{truebbox} option, except under \pdfTeX{} or \pdfLaTeX. Those \TeX{}
+programs will embed the figures right in the \file{.pdf} output. For
+normal \LaTeX{} + \prog{dvips}, the figures are embedded by
+\prog{dvips}, which must always be repeated.
+
+\medskip
+For the remainder of the macros, the numerical parameters are expressed
+in the units of the local coordinate system specified by \cs{mfpic},
+unless otherwise indicated.
+
+
+\subsection{Figures.}\label{figures}
+
+\subsubsection{\CMF{} Pairs.}\label{pairs}
+
+Since many of the arguments of the \mfp{} drawing commands are
+sent to \MF{} to be interpreted, it's useful to know something about
+\MF{} concepts.
+
+In particular, \MF{} has \mfc{pair} objects, which may be constants or
+variables.  Pair constants have the form \mfc{($x$,$y$)}.  Pairs are
+two-dimensional rectangular (cartesian) quantities, and are clearly
+useful for representing both points and vectors on the plane.
+
+Moreover, we herein often represent each pair by a brief name, such as
+$p$, $v$ or $c$, the meanings of which are usually obvious in the
+context of the macro. The succinctness of this notation also helps us to
+think geometrically rather than only of coordinates.
+
+\CMP{} has these same concepts, but also has color objects, which may
+also be constants or variables. Color constants have the form
+\mfc{($r$,$g$,$b$)} where $r$, $g$, and $b$ are numbers between $0$ and
+$1$ determining the relative proportions of red, green and blue in the
+color (rgb model). A color variable is a name, like \mfc{magenta} or
+\mfc{RoyalBlue} (predefined). There are also color functions like
+\mfc{cmyk($x$,$y$,$z$,$w$)} which is defined to convert cmyk values into
+\MP's native rgb model.
+
+Some commands depend on the value of separately defined parameters. All
+these parameters are initialized when \mfp{} is loaded. In the following
+descriptions we give the initial value of all the relevant parameters.
+When \MP{} output is selected, figures can be drawn in any color.
+Several of the above mentioned parameters are colors. \Mfp{} provides
+commands to change any of these parameters.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Points, Lines, and Rectangles.}\label{points}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{pointdef}\marg{\meta{name}}\texttt{($x$,$y$)}%
+\index{pointdef@\cs{pointdef}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Defines a symbolic name for points and their coordinates. \meta{name} is
+any legal \TeX{} command name \emph{without} the backslash; $x$ and $y$
+are any numbers. For example, after the command
+\cs{pointdef}\marg{A}\texttt{(1,3)}, \cs{A} expands to \texttt{(1,3)}, while
+\cs{Ax} and \cs{Ay} expand to \texttt{1} and \texttt{3}, respectively. Because
+of the way \cs{tlabel} is defined (see section~\ref{labels} below), one
+cannot use \cs{A} to specify where to place a label (unless
+\opt{mplabels} is in effect), but must use \texttt{ (\cs{Ax},\cs{Ay})}. In
+most other commands, one can use \cs{A} where a pair or point is
+required.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{point}\oarg{\meta{ptsize}}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{point@\cs{point}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws small disks centered at the points \meta{$p_0$}, \meta{$p_1$}, and
+so on. If the optional argument \meta{ptsize} is present, it determines
+the diameter of the disks, which otherwise equals the \TeX{} dimension
+\cs{pointsize}, initially \dim{2pt}. The disks have a filled interior if
+the command \cs{pointfilltrue} has been issued (the initial value),
+\cs{pointfillfalse} causes the interior to be erased and an outline
+drawn. The color of the circles is the value of the predefined variable
+\gbc{pointcolor}, and the inside of the open circles is the value of
+\mfc{background}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plotsymbol}\oarg{\meta{size}}\marg{\meta{symbol}}%
+\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{plotsymbol@\cs{plotsymbol}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws small symbols centered at the points \meta{$p_0$}, \meta{$p_1$},
+and so on. The symbols must be given by name, and the available symbols
+are
+\gbc{Asterisk}\index{Asterisk@\gbc{Asterisk}},
+\gbc{Circle}\index{Circle@\gbc{Circle}},
+\gbc{Diamond}\index{Diamond@\gbc{Diamond}},
+\gbc{Square}\index{Square@\gbc{Square}},
+\gbc{Triangle}\index{Triangle@\gbc{Triangle}},
+\gbc{Star}\index{Star@\gbc{Star}},
+\gbc{SolidCircle}\index{SolidCircle@\gbc{SolidCircle}},
+\gbc{SolidDiamond}\index{SolidDiamond@\gbc{SolidDiamond}},
+\gbc{SolidSquare}\index{SolidSquare@\gbc{SolidSquare}},
+\gbc{SolidTriangle}\index{SolidTriangle@\gbc{SolidTriangle}},
+\gbc{SolidStar}\index{SolidStar@\gbc{SolidStar}},
+\gbc{Cross}\index{Cross@\gbc{Cross}} and
+\gbc{Plus}\index{Plus@\gbc{Plus}}.
+The names should be self-explanatory. Under \opt{metapost}, symbols are
+drawn in \gbc{pointcolor}. The \meta{size} defaults to \cs{pointsize} as
+in \cs{point} above. \gbc{Asterisk} consists of six
+line segments while \gbc{Star} is the standard closed, ten-sided
+polygon. The name `\cs{plotsymbol}' comes from the fact that the \cs{plot}
+command, which was written first, utilizes these same symbols. The command
+\cs{symbol} was already taken (standard \LaTeX).
+
+The difference between \cs{pointfillfalse}\cs{point}$\ldots$ and
+\cs{plotsymbol}\marg{Circle}$\ldots$ is that the inside of the circle
+will not be erased in the second version (i.e., whatever else has already
+been drawn in that area will remain visible). This is the default (for
+backward compatibility), but that can be changed with the commands
+below.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{clearsymbols}\\
+\cs{noclearsymbols}%
+\index{clearsymbols@\cs{clearsymbols}}%
+\index{noclearsymbols@\cs{noclearsymbols}}
+\end{cd}
+
+After the first of these two commands, subsequent \cs{plotsymbol}
+commands will draw the open symbols with their interiors erased. After
+the second, the default behavior (described above) will be restored.
+These commands have no effect on \cs{point}. \cs{plotnodes} (see
+subsection~\ref{drawing}) also responds to the settings made by these
+commands. The \cs{plot} command (also in subsection~\ref{drawing}) does
+not.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{polyline}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}\\
+\cs{lines}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{polyline@\cs{polyline}}\index{lines@\cs{lines}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws the line segment with endpoints at \meta{$p_0$} and \meta{$p_1$},
+then the line segment with endpoints at \meta{$p_1$} and \meta{$p_2$},
+etc. The result is an open polygonal path through the specified points,
+in the specified order. \cs{polyline} and \cs{lines} mean the same
+thing.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{polygon}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{polygon@\cs{polygon}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a closed polygon with vertices at the specified points in the
+specified order.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{rect}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$}}%
+\index{rect@\cs{rect}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws the rectangle specified by the points \meta{$p_0$} and
+\meta{$p_1$}, these being either pair of opposite corners of the
+rectangle in any order.
+
+It is occasionally helpful to know that connected paths like those
+produced by \cs{polyline} or \cs{rect} have a \emph{sense} (a
+direction). The sense of \cs{polyline} is the direction determined by
+the order of the points. For \cs{rect} the sense may be clockwise or
+anticlockwise depending on the corners used: it begins at the first of
+the two points and goes horizontally from there.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{regpolygon}\marg{\meta{num}}\marg{\meta{name}}%
+\marg{\meta{eqn$_1$}}\marg{\meta{eqn$_2$}}%
+\index{regpolygon@\cs{regpolygon}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This produces a regular polygon with \meta{num} sides. The second
+argument, \meta{name} is a symbolic name. It can be used to refer to the
+vertices later. The last two arguments should be equations that position
+two of the vertices or one vertex and the center. The center is refered
+to by \meta{name}\gbc{0} and the vertices by \meta{name}\gbc{1}
+\meta{name}\gbc{2}, etc., going anticlockwise around the polygon. The
+\meta{name} itself (without a number) will be a \MF{} variable assigned
+the value of \meta{num}. For example,
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{regpolygon}\marg{5}\marg{Meg}\marg{Meg0=(0,1)}\marg{Meg1=(2,0)}
+\end{ex}
+will produce a regular pentagon with its center at $(0,1)$ and its first
+vertex at $(2,0)$. One could later draw a star inside it with
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{polygon}\marg{Meg1,Meg3,Meg5,Meg2,Meg4}
+\end{ex}
+Moreover, \gbc{Meg} will equal $5$.
+The name given becomes a \MF{} variable and care should be taken to make
+the name distinctive so as not to redefine some internal variable.
+
+\subsubsection{A Word on List Arguments}\label{list}
+
+We have seen already four \mfp{} macros that take a mandatory argument
+consisting of a list of coordinate pairs. There are many more, and some
+that take a comma-separated lists of other types of items. If the lists
+are long, especially if they are generated by a program, it might be
+more convenient if one could simply refer to an external file for the
+data. This is possible, and one does it the following way: instead of
+\cs{lines}\marg{\meta{list}}, one can write\index{datafile@\cs{datafile}}
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{lines}\cs{datafile}\marg{\meta{filename}}
+\end{ex}
+where \meta{filename} is the full name of the file containing the data.
+The required format of this file and the details of this usage can be
+found in subsection~\ref{external}. This method is available for any
+command that takes a comma-separated list of data as its last argument,
+\emph{with the exception of those commands that adds text to the
+picture}. Examples of the latter are \cs{plottext} and \cs{axislabels}
+(subsection~\ref{text}).
+
+\subsubsection{Axes, Axis Marks, and Grids.}\label{axes}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{axes}\oarg{\meta{hlen}}\\
+\cs{xaxis}\oarg{\meta{hlen}}\\
+\cs{yaxis}\oarg{\meta{hlen}}%
+\index{axes@\cs{axes}}%
+\index{xaxis@\cs{xaxis}}%
+\index{yaxis@\cs{yaxis}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These are retained for backward compatibility, but there are more
+flexible alternatives below. They draw $x$- and  $y$-axes for the
+coordinate system. The command \cs{axes} is equivalent to \cs{xaxis}
+followed by \cs{yaxis} which produce the obvious. The $x$- and $y$-axes
+extend the full width and height of the \env{mfpic} environment. The
+optional \meta{hlen} sets the length of the arrowhead on each axis. The
+default is the value of the \TeX{} dimension \cs{axisheadlen}, initially
+\dim{5pt}. The shape of the arrowhead is determined as in the \cs{arrow}
+macro (section~\ref{modifier}). The color of the head is the value of
+\gbc{headcolor}, the shaft is \gbc{drawcolor}.
+
+Unlike other commands that produce lines or curves, these do not respond
+to the prefix macros of sections \ref{modifier}~and \ref{rendering}.
+They always draw a solid line (with an arrowhead unless \cs{axisheadlen}
+is \dim{0pt}). They \emph{do} respond to changes in the pen thickness
+(see \cs{penwd} in section~\ref{parameters}) but that is pretty much the
+only possibility for variation.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{axis}\oarg{\meta{hlen}}\marg{\meta{one-axis}}\\
+\cs{doaxes}\oarg{\meta{hlen}}\marg{\meta{axis-list}}%
+\index{axis@\cs{axis}}
+\index{doaxes@\cs{doaxes}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These produce any of 6 different axes. The parameter \meta{one-axis} can
+be \texttt{x} or \texttt{y}, to produce (almost) the equivalent of \cs{xaxis}
+and \cs{yaxis}; or it can be \texttt{l}, \texttt{b}, \texttt{r}, or \texttt{t} to
+produce an axis on the border of the picture (left, bottom, right or
+top, respectively). \cs{doaxes} takes a list of any or all of the six
+letters (with either spaces or nothing in between) and produces the
+appropriate axes. Example: \cs{doaxes}\marg{lbrt}. The optional argument
+sets the length of the arrowhead. In the case of axes on the edges, the
+default is the value of \cs{sideheadlen}, which \mfp{}
+initializes to \dim{0pt}. For the $x$- and $y$-axis the default is
+\cs{axisheadlen} as in \cs{xaxis} and \cs{yaxis} above.
+
+The commands \cs{axis}\marg{x}, \cs{axis}\marg{y}, and
+\cs{doaxes}\marg{xy} differ from the old \cs{xaxis}, \cs{yaxis} and
+\cs{axes} in that these new versions respond to changes made by
+\cs{setrender} (see subsection~\ref{default}). Moreover, prefix macros
+may be applied to \cs{axis} without error (see sections
+\ref{modifier}~and \ref{rendering}): \cs{dotted}\cs{axis}\marg{x} draws
+a dotted $x$-axis, but \cs{dotted}\cs{xaxis} produces a \MF{} error. A
+prefix macro applied to \cs{doaxes} generates no error, but only the
+first axis in the list will be affected.
+
+The side axes are drawn by default with a pen stroke along the very edge
+of the picture (as determined by the parameters to \cs{mfpic}). This can
+be changed with the command \cs{axismargin} described below.
+
+Axes on the edges are drawn so that they don't cross each other.
+\cs{doaxes}\marg{lbrt}, for example, produces a perfect rectangle. If the
+$x$- and $y$-axis are drawn with \cs{axis} or \cs{doaxis}, then they
+will not cross the side axes. For this to work properly, all the
+following margin settings have to be done before the axes are drawn.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{axismargin}\marg{\meta{axis}}\marg{\meta{num}}\\
+\cs{setaxismargins}\marg{\meta{num}}\marg{\meta{num}}\marg{\meta{num}}\marg{\meta{num}}\\
+\cs{setallaxismargins}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{axismargin@\cs{axismargin}}%
+\index{setaxismargins@\cs{setaxismargins}}%
+\index{setallaxismargins@\cs{setallaxismargins}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The \meta{axis} is one of the letters \texttt{l}, \texttt{b}, \texttt{r}, or \texttt{
+t}. \cs{axismargin} causes the given axis to be shifted \emph{inward} by
+the \meta{num} specified (in \emph{graph} coordinates). The second
+command \cs{setaxismargins} takes 4 arguments, using them to set the
+margins starting with the left and proceeding anticlockwise. The last
+command sets all the axis margins to the same value.
+
+A change to an axis margin affects not only the axis at that edge but
+also the three axes perpendicular to it. For example, if the margins are
+$M_{\mathrm{lft}}$, $M_{\mathrm{bot}}$, $M_{\mathrm{rt}}$ and
+$M_{\mathrm{top}}$, then
+\cs{axis b} draws a line starting $M_{\mathrm{lft}}$ graph units from the
+left edge and ending $M_{\mathrm{rt}}$ units from the right edge. Of course,
+the entire line is $M_{\mathrm{bot}}$  units above the bottom edge. The
+margins are also respected by the $x$- and $y$-axis, but only when drawn
+with \cs{axis}. The old \cs{xaxis}, \cs{yaxis} and \cs{axes} ignore
+them.
+
+Special effects can be achieved by lying to one axis about the other
+margins.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{xmarks}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}\\
+\cs{tmarks}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}\\
+\cs{bmarks}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}\\
+\cs{ymarks}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}\\
+\cs{lmarks}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}\\
+\cs{rmarks}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}\\
+\cs{axismarks}\marg{\meta{axis}}\oarg{\meta{len}}\marg{\meta{numberlist}}%
+\index{xmarks@\cs{xmarks}}%
+\index{tmarks@\cs{tmarks}}%
+\index{bmarks@\cs{bmarks}}%
+\index{ymarks@\cs{ymarks}}%
+\index{lmarks@\cs{lmarks}}%
+\index{rmarks@\cs{rmarks}}%
+\index{axismarks@\cs{axismarks}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These macros place hash marks on the appropriate axes at the places
+indicated by the values in the list. The optional \meta{len} gives the
+length of the hash marks. If \meta{len} is not specified, the \TeX{}
+dimension \cs{hashlen}, initially \dim{4pt}, is used. The marks on the
+$x$- and $y$-axes are centered on the respective axis; the marks on the
+border axes are drawn to the inside.  Both these behaviors can be
+changed (see below). The commands may be repeated as often as desired.
+(The timing of drawing commands can make a difference as outlined in
+appendix~\ref{mpconsiderations}.) The command \cs{axismarks}\marg{x} is
+equivalent to \cs{xmarks} and so on for each of the six axes. (I would
+have used \cs{marks}, but e\kern-.16em\TeX{} makes that a primitive.)
+
+The \meta{numberlist} is normally a comma-separated list of numbers. In
+place of this, one can give a starting number, an increment and an
+ending number as in the following example:
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{xmarks}\marg{-2 step 1 until 2}
+\end{ex}
+is the equivalent of
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{xmarks}\marg{-2,-1,0,1,2}
+\end{ex}
+
+One must use exactly the words \mfc{step} and \mfc{until}. There must be
+spaces between, but the number of spaces is not
+significant.%
+    \footnote{Experienced \MF{} programmers may recognize that anything
+    can be used that is permitted in \MF's \meta{forloop} syntax. Thus
+    the given example can also be reworded \cs{xmarks}\marg{-2 upto 2},
+    or even \cs{xmarks}\marg{2 downto -2}} %
+Users should be aware that if any of the numbers are non-integral then
+due to natural round-off effects, the last value might be overshot and a
+mark not printed there.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{setaxismarks}\marg{\meta{axis}}\marg{\meta{pos}}\\
+\cs{setbordermarks}\marg{\meta{lpos}}\marg{\meta{bpos}}\marg{\meta{rpos}}\marg{\meta{tpos}}\\
+\cs{setallbordermarks}\marg{\meta{pos}}\\
+\cs{setxmarks}\marg{\meta{pos}}\\
+\cs{setymarks}\marg{\meta{pos}}%
+\index{setaxismarks@\cs{setaxismarks}}%
+\index{setbordermarks@\cs{setbordermarks}}%
+\index{setallbordermarks@\cs{setallbordermarks}}%
+\index{setxmarks@\cs{setxmarks}}%
+\index{setymarks@\cs{setymarks}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+These set the placement of the hash marks relative to the axis. The
+parameter \meta{axis} is one of the letters \texttt{x}, \texttt{y}, \texttt{l},
+\texttt{b}, \texttt{r}, or \texttt{t}, and \meta{pos} must be one of the literal
+words \gbc{inside}, \gbc{outside}, \gbc{centered}, \gbc{onleft},
+\gbc{onright}, \gbc{ontop} or \gbc{onbottom}. The second command takes
+four arguments and sets the position of the marks on each border. The
+third command sets the position on all four border axis to the same
+value. The last two commands are abbreviations for
+\cs{setaxismarks}\marg{x}\marg{\meta{pos}} and
+\cs{setaxismarks}\marg{y}\marg{\meta{pos}}, respectively.
+
+Not all combinations make sense (for example,
+\cs{setaxismarks}\marg{r}\marg{ontop}). In these cases, no error message
+is produced: \gbc{ontop} and \gbc{onleft} are considered to be
+equivalent, as are \gbc{onbottom} and \gbc{onright}. The parameters
+\gbc{inside} and \gbc{outside} make no sense for the $x$- and $y$-axes,
+but if they are used then \gbc{inside} means \gbc{ontop} for the
+$x$-axis and \gbc{onright} for the $y$-axis. These words are actually
+\MF{} numeric variables defined in the file \file{grafbase.mf}, and the
+variables \gbc{ontop} and \gbc{onleft}, for example, are given the same
+value.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{grid}\oarg{\meta{ptsize}}\marg{\meta{xsep},\meta{ysep}}\\
+\cs{gridpoints}\oarg{\meta{ptsize}}\marg{\meta{xsep},\meta{ysep}}\\
+\cs{lattice}\oarg{\meta{ptsize}}\marg{\meta{xsep},\meta{ysep}}\\
+\cs{hgridlines}\marg{\meta{ysep}}\\
+\cs{vgridlines}\marg{\meta{xsep}}\\
+\cs{gridlines}\marg{\meta{xsep},\meta{ysep}}
+\index{grid@\cs{grid}}%
+\index{gridpoints@\cs{gridpoints}}%
+\index{lattice@\cs{lattice}}%
+\index{vgridlines@\cs{vgridlines}}%
+\index{hgridlines@\cs{hgridlines}}%
+\index{gridlines@\cs{gridlines}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+\cs{grid} draws a dot at every point for which the first coordinate is
+an integer multiple of the \meta{xsep} and the second coordinate is an
+integer multiple of \meta{ysep}. The diameter of the dot is determined
+by \meta{ptsize}. The default is \dim{.5bp} and is hard coded in the
+\MF{} macros that ultimately do the drawing. Under the \opt{metapost}
+option, the color of the dot is \gbc{pointcolor}. The commands
+\cs{gridpoints and \cs{lattice}} are synonyms for \cs{grid}.
+
+\cs{hgridlines} draws the horizontal and \cs{vgridlines} the vertical
+lines through these same points. \cs{gridlines} draws both sets of
+lines. The thickness of the lines is set by \cs{penwd}. Authors are
+recommended to either reduce the pen width or change \gbc{drawcolor} to
+a lighter color for grids. Or omit them entirely: well-designed graphs
+usually don't need them and almost never should both horizontals and
+verticals be used.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plrgrid}\marg{\meta{rsep},\meta{anglesep}}\\
+\cs{gridarcs}\marg{\meta{rsep}}\\
+\cs{gridrays}\marg{\meta{anglesep}}\\
+\cs{plrpatch}\marg{\meta{rmin},\meta{rmax},\meta{rsep},%
+    \meta{tmin},\meta{tmax},\meta{tsep}}\\
+\cs{plrgridpoints}\marg{\meta{rsep},\meta{anglesep}}%
+\index{plrgrid@\cs{plrgrid}}%
+\index{plrpatch@\cs{plrpatch}}%
+\index{gridarcs@\cs{gridarcs}}%
+\index{gridrays@\cs{gridrays}}%
+\index{plrgridpoints@\cs{plrgridpoints}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+\cs{plrgrid} fills the graph with circular arcs and radial lines.
+\cs{gridarcs} draws only the arcs, \cs{gridrays} only the radial lines.
+\cs{plrgridpoints} places a dot at all the places the rays and arcs
+would intersect.
+
+The arcs are centered at $(0,0)$ and the lines emanate from $(0,0)$
+(even if $(0,0)$ is not in the graph space). The corresponding \MF{}
+commands actually draw enough to cover the graph area and then clip them
+to the graph boundaries. If you don't want them clipped, use
+\cs{plrpatch}.
+
+\cs{plrpatch} draws arcs with radii starting at \meta{rmin}, stepping by
+\meta{rsep} and ending with \meta{rmax}. Each arc goes from angle
+\meta{tmin} to \meta{tmax}. It also draws radial lines with angles
+starting at \meta{tmin}, stepping by \meta{tsep} and ending with
+\meta{tmax}. Each line goes from radius \meta{rmin} to \meta{rmax}. If
+$\meta{rmax}-\meta{rmin}$ doesn't happen to be a multiple of
+\meta{rsep}, the arc with radius \meta{rmax} is drawn anyway. The same
+is true of the line at angle \meta{tmax}, so that the entire boundary is
+always drawn.
+
+If \meta{tsep} is larger than \meta{tmax}${}-{}$\meta{tmin}, then only
+the boundary rays will be drawn. If \meta{rsep} is larger than
+\meta{rmax}${}-{}$\meta{rmin}, then only the boundary arcs will be
+drawn.
+
+The color used for rays and arcs is \gbc{drawcolor}, and for dots
+\gbc{pointcolor}. The advice about \cs{gridlines} holds for \cs{plrgrid}
+as well.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Circles and Ellipses.}\label{circles}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{circle}\oarg{\meta{format}}\marg{\meta{specification}}%
+\index{circle@\cs{circle}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a circle. Starting with \mfp{} version 0.7, there are 4
+different ways to specify a circle, so \cs{circle} can be given an
+optional argument that determines what data is specified in the
+mandatory argument.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{circle}\oarg{p}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$r$}}\\
+\cs{circle}\oarg{c}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$p$}}\\
+\cs{circle}\oarg{t}\marg{\meta{$p_1$},\meta{$p_2$},\meta{$p_3$}}\\
+\cs{circle}\oarg{s}\marg{\meta{$p_1$},\meta{$p_2$},\meta{$\theta$}}%
+\index{circle@\cs{circle}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+The optional arguments produce circles according to the following
+descriptions.
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[\oarg{p}] The \textit{Polar form} is the default. The data in the
+mandatory argument should then be the center $c$ and radius $r$ of the
+circle.
+
+\item[\oarg{c}] The \textit{Center-point form}. In this case the data
+should be the center and one point on the circumference.
+
+\item[\oarg{t}] The \textit{Three-point form}. The data are three points
+that do not lie in a straight line.
+
+\item[\oarg{s}] The \textit{point-sweep}. The data are two points on the
+circle, followed by the angle of arc between them.
+\end{description}
+These optional arguments are also used in the \cs{arc} command (see
+subsection~\ref{arcs}). The \cs{circle} command draws the whole circle
+which the equivalent \cs{arc} command draws only part of. The sense of
+the circle produced is anticlockwise except in the case \texttt{[t]},
+where it is the direction determined by the order of the three points,
+and the case \texttt{[s]}, where it is determined by \meta{$\theta$}:
+clockwise if negative, anticlockwise if positive.
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{ellipse}\oarg{\meta{$\theta$}}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$r_x$},\meta{$r_y$}}%
+\index{ellipse@\cs{ellipse}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws an ellipse with the $x$ radius \meta{$r_x$} and $y$ radius
+\meta{$r_y$}, centered at the point \meta{$c$}. The optional parameter
+\meta{$\theta$} provides a way of rotating the ellipse by
+\meta{$\theta$} degrees anticlockwise around its center.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Curves.}\label{curves}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{curve}\oarg{\meta{tension}}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{curve@\cs{curve}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a smooth path through the specified points, in the specified
+order. It is `smooth' in two ways: it never changes direction abruptly
+(no `corners' or `cusps' on the curve), and it tries to make turns that are
+not too sharp. This latter property is acheived by specifying (to \MF) that
+the tangent to the curve at each listed point is to be parallel to the
+line from that point's predecessor to its successor.
+
+The optional \meta{tension} influences \emph{how} smooth the curve is.
+The special value \mfc{infinity} (in fact, usually anything greater than
+about $10$), makes the curve not visibly different from a polyline. The
+higher the value of tension, the sharper the corners on the curve and
+the flatter the portions in between. \CMF{} requires the tension to be
+larger than 0.75. The default value of the tension is $1$ when \mfp{} is
+loaded, but that can be changed with the following command.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{settension}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{settension@\cs{settension}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This sets the default tension for all commands that take an optional
+tension parameter.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{cyclic}\oarg{\meta{tension}}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{cyclic@\cs{cyclic}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a cyclic (i.e., closed) \MF{} B\'ezier curve through the specified
+points, in the specified order. It uses the same procedure as
+\cs{curve}, but treats the first listed point as having the last as its
+predecessor and the last point has the first as its successor. The
+\meta{tension} is as in the \cs{curve} command.
+
+\medskip
+Occasionally it is necessary to specify a sequence of points with
+\emph{increasing} $x$ coordinates and draw a curve through them. One
+would then like the resulting curve both to be smooth \textit{and} to
+represent a function (that is, the curve always has increasing $x$
+coordinate, never turning leftward). This cannot be guaranteed with the
+\cs{curve} command unless the tension is \texttt{infinity}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{fcncurve}\oarg{\meta{tension}}\marg{($x_0$,$y_0$),($x_1$,$y_1$),$\ldots$}%
+\index{fcncurve@\cs{fcncurve}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a curve through the points specified. If the points are listed
+with increasing (or decreasing) $x$ coordinates, the curve will also
+have increasing (resp., decreasing) $x$ coordinates. The \meta{tension}
+is a number equal to or greater than $1.0$ which controls how tightly
+the curve is drawn. Generally, the larger it is, the closer the curve is
+to the polyline through the points. The default tension is typically $1.2$
+(actually $1.2$ times the value set with \cs{settension}). For those who
+know something about \MF, this `tension' is not the same as the \MF{}
+notion of tension, the tension in the \cs{curve} command, but it
+functions in a similar fashion. In this case it can be any positive
+number, but only values greater than or equal to $1$ guarantee the
+property of never doubling back.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Circular Arcs.}\label{arcs}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{arc}\oarg{\meta{format}}\marg{\meta{specification}}%
+\index{arc@\cs{arc}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a circular arc specified as determined by the \meta{format}
+optional parameter. This macro and \cs{circle} are unusual in that the
+optional \meta{format} parameter determines the format of the other
+parameter, as indicated below. The user is responsible for ensuring that
+the parameter values make geometric sense.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{arc}\oarg{s}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},\meta{sweep}}\\
+\cs{arc}\oarg{t}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$p_1$},\meta{$p_2$}}\\
+\cs{arc}\oarg{p}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$\theta_1$},\meta{$\theta_2$},\meta{$r$}}\\
+\cs{arc}\oarg{a}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$r$},\meta{$\theta_1$},\meta{$\theta_2$}}\\
+\cs{arc}\oarg{c}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$p_1$},\meta{$\theta$}}%
+\index{arc@\cs{arc}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+The optional arguments produce arcs according to the following
+descriptions.
+\begin{description}
+\item[\oarg{s}] The \textit{point-Sweep form} is the default format. It
+draws the circular arc starting from the point \meta{$p_0$}, ending at
+the point \meta{$p_1$}, and covering an arc angle of \meta{sweep}
+degrees, measured anticlockwise around the center of the circle. If,
+for example, the points \meta{$p_0$} and \meta{$p_1$} lie on a
+horizontal line with \meta{$p_0$} to the \emph{left}, and \meta{sweep}
+is between 0~and 360 (degrees), then the arc will sweep \emph{below} the
+horizontal line (in order for the arc to be anticlockwise). A
+negative value of \meta{sweep} gives a clockwise arc from \meta{$p_0$}
+to \meta{$p_1$}.
+
+\item[\oarg{t}] The \textit{Three-point form} draws the circular arc
+which passes through all three points given, in the order given.
+Internally, this is converted to two applications of the point-sweep
+form.
+
+\item[\oarg{p}] The \textit{Polar form} draws the arc of a circle with
+center \meta{$c$} starting at the angle \meta{$\theta_1$} and ending at
+the angle \meta{$\theta_2$}, with radius \meta{$r$}. Both angles are
+measured anticlockwise from the positive $x$ axis.
+
+\item[\oarg{a}] The \textit{Alternate polar form} draws the arc of a
+circle with center \meta{$c$} and radius \meta{$r$}, starting at the
+angle \meta{$\theta_1$} and ending at the angle \meta{$\theta_2$}. Both
+angles are measured anticlockwise from the positive $x$ axis. This is
+provided because it seems a more reasonable order of arguments, and
+matches the order \cs{sector} requires (see subsection~\ref{other}
+below). The \texttt{p} option is retained for backward compatibility.
+
+\item[\oarg{c}] The \textit{Center-point form} draws the circular arc with
+center \meta{$c$}, starting at the point \meta{$p_1$}, and sweeping an
+angle of \meta{$\theta$} around the center from that point. (This and
+the point sweep form are the basic methods of handling arcs---the
+previous three formats are translated to one of these two before drawing.)
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Other Figures.}\label{other}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{turtle}\marg{\meta{$p_0$},\meta{$v_1$},\meta{$v_2$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{turtle@\cs{turtle}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws a line segment, starting from the point \meta{$p_0$}, and
+extending along the (2-dimen\-sional vector) displacement \meta{$v_1$}.
+It then draws a line segment from the previous segment's endpoint, along
+displacement \meta{$v_2$}. This continues for all listed displacements,
+a process similar to `turtle graphics'.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{sector}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$r$},\meta{$\theta_1$},\meta{$\theta_2$}}%
+\index{sector@\cs{sector}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws the sector, from the angle \meta{$\theta_1$} to the angle
+\meta{$\theta_2$} inside the circle with center at the point \meta{$c$}
+and radius \meta{$r$}, where both angles are measured in degrees
+anticlockwise from the direction parallel to the $x$ axis. The sector
+forms a closed path. \emph{Note}: \cs{sector} and \cs{arc}\oarg{p} have
+the same parameters, but \emph{in a different
+order}.%
+    \footnote{This apparently was unintended, but we now have to live
+    with it so as not to break existing \file{.tex} files.}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{makesector}
+\index{makesector@\cs{makesector}}
+\end{cd}
+The \cs{sector} command requires the center of the arc as one of its
+arguments. But if one doesn't know that center (say one only knows three
+points the arc connects) then even though the arc can be drawn,
+\cs{sector} cannot. The \cs{makesector} command, when followed by any
+\cs{arc} command, will find the center and connect it to the two ends of
+the arc. It will actually attempt to do the same with any path that
+follows, but the `center' it finds (if it finds one) will usually be
+meaningless.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Bar Charts and Pie Charts.}\label{charts}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{barchart}\oarg{\meta{start},\meta{sep},\meta{r}}\marg{\meta{h-or-v}}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+\cs{bargraph}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{gantt}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{histogram}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{chartbar}\marg{\meta{num}}\\
+\cs{graphbar}\marg{\meta{num}}\\
+\cs{histobar}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{barchart@\cs{barchart}}%
+\index{bargraph@\cs{bargraph}}%
+\index{histogram@\cs{histogram}}%
+\index{chartbar@\cs{chartbar}}%
+\index{graphbar@\cs{graphbar}}%
+\index{histobar@\cs{histobar}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+The macro \cs{barchart} computes a bar chart or a Gantt chart. It does
+not draw the bars, but only defines their rectangular paths which the
+user may then draw or fill or both using the \cs{chartbar} macros (see
+below). Since bar charts have many names, \cs{bargraph} and
+\cs{histogram} are provided as synonyms. The macro \cs{gantt} is also a
+synonym; whether a Gantt chart or bar chart is created depends on the
+data.
+
+\meta{h-or-v} should be \texttt{v} if you want the ends of the bars to
+be measured vertically from the $x$-axis, or \texttt{h} if they should
+be measured horizontally from the $y$-axis. \meta{list} should be a
+comma-separated list of numbers and/or pairs giving the coordinates of
+the end(s) of each bar. A number $c$ is interpreted as the pair $(0,c)$;
+a pair $(a,b)$ is interpreted as an interval giving the ends of the bar
+(for Gantt diagrams). The rest of this description refers to the
+\texttt{h} case; the \texttt{v} case is analogous.
+
+By default the bars are 1 graph unit high (thickness), from $y = n-1$ to
+$y = n$. Their width and location are determined by the data. The
+optional parameter consists of three numeric parameters separated by
+commas. \meta{start} is the $y$-coordinate of the bottom edge of the
+first bar, \meta{sep} is the distance between the  bottom edges of
+successive bars, and \meta{r} is the fraction of \meta{sep} occupied by
+each bar. The default behavior corresponds to \texttt{[0,1,1]}. In
+general, bar number $n$ will be from $y = \meta{start} +
+(n-1)*\meta{sep}$ to $y = \meta{start} + (n-1 + \meta{r})*\meta{sep}$
+
+Notice the bars are numbered in order from bottom to top. You can
+reverse them by making \meta{sep} negative, and making \meta{start} the
+top edge of the first bar.
+
+The fraction \meta{r}  should be between -1 and 1. A negative value
+reverses the direction from the `leading edge' of the bar to the
+`trailing edge'. For example, if one bar chart is created with
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{barchart}\oarg{1,1,-.4}\marg{h}\marg{..}
+\end{ex}
+and another with
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{barchart}\oarg{1,1,.4}\marg{h}\marg{..}
+\end{ex}
+both having the same number of bars, then the first will have its first
+bar from $y = 1$ to $y = 1 -.4 = .6$, while the second will have its
+first bar adjacent to that one, from $1$ to $1 + .4$. Similarly the next
+bars will be above and below $y=2$, etc. This makes it easy to draw bars
+next to one another for comparison.
+
+The macro \cs{chartbar} (synonyms \cs{graphbar}, \cs{ganttbar}, and
+\cs{histobar}) takes a number from $1$ to the number of elements in the
+\meta{list} and draws the rectangular path. This behaves just like any
+other figure macro, and the prefix macros from section~\ref{rendering}
+may be used to give adjacent bars contrasting colors, fills, etc.
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{piechart}\oarg{\meta{dir}\meta{angle}}\marg{\meta{$c$},\meta{$r$}}%
+    \marg{\meta{list}}\\
+\cs{piewedge}\oarg{\meta{spec}\meta{trans}}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{piechart@\cs{piechart}}%
+\index{piewedge@\cs{piewedge}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+The macro \cs{piechart} also does not draw anything, but computes the
+\cs{piewedge} regions described below. The first part of the optional
+parameter, \meta{dir}, is a single letter which may be either \texttt{c} or
+\texttt{a} which stand for \emph{clockwise} or \emph{anticlockwise},
+respectively. It is common to draw piecharts with the largest wedge
+starting at 12 o'clock (angle 90 degrees) and successive wedges
+clockwise from there. This is the default. You can change the starting
+angle from 90 with the \meta{angle} parameter, and the change the
+direction to counter-clockwise by specifying \texttt{a} for \meta{dir}. It
+is also traditional to arrange the wedges from largest to smallest,
+except there is often a miscellaneous category which is usually last and
+may be larger than some others. Therefore \cs{piechart} makes no attempt
+to sort the data. The data is entered as a comma separated \meta{list}
+of positive numbers in the second required parameter. These are only
+used to determine the relative sizes of the wedges and are not printed
+anywhere. The first required parameter should contain a pair \meta{c}
+for the center and a positive number \meta{r} for the radius, separated
+by a comma.
+
+After a \cs{piechart} command has been issued, the individual wedges may
+be drawn, filled, etc., using \cs{piewedge}\marg{1},
+\cs{piewedge}\marg{2}, etc. Without the optional argument, the wedges
+are located according to the arguments of the last \cs{piechart}
+command. The optional argument to \cs{piewedge} can override this. The
+parameter \meta{spec} is a single letter, which can be \texttt{x}, \texttt{s}
+or \texttt{m}. The \texttt{x} stands for \emph{exploded} and it means the
+wedge is moved directly out from the center of the pie a distance
+\meta{trans}. \meta{trans} should then be a pure number and is
+interpreted as a distance in graph units. The \texttt{s} stands for
+\emph{shifted} and in this case \meta{trans} should be a pair of the
+form \texttt{(\meta{dx},\meta{dy})} indicating the wedge should be shifted
+\meta{dx} horizontally and \meta{dy} vertically (in graph units). The
+\texttt{m} stands for \emph{move to}, and \meta{trans} is then the absolute
+coordinates \texttt{(\meta{x},\meta{y})} in the graph where the point of
+the wedge should be placed.
+
+\subsubsection{Polar Coordinates to Rectangular.}\label{polar}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plr}\marg{(\meta{$r_0$},\meta{$\theta_0$}),
+(\meta{$r_1$},\meta{$\theta_1$}), $\ldots$}%
+\index{plr@\cs{plr}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+Replaces the specified list of polar coordinate pairs by the equivalent
+list of rectangular (cartesian) coordinate pairs. Through \cs{plr},
+commands designed for rectangular coordinates can be applied to data
+represented in polar coordinates---and to data containing both
+rectangular and polar coordinate pairs.
+
+
+\subsection{Colors}\label{colors}
+
+\subsubsection{Setting the Default Colors.}\label{defaultcolors}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{drawcolor}\oarg{\meta{model}}\marg{\meta{colorspec}}\\
+\cs{fillcolor}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{hatchcolor}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{pointcolor}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{headcolor}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{tlabelcolor}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{backgroundcolor}$\ldots$%
+\index{drawcolor@\cs{drawcolor}}%
+\index{fillcolor@\cs{fillcolor}}%
+\index{hatchcolor@\cs{hatchcolor}}%
+\index{pointcolor@\cs{pointcolor}}%
+\index{headcolor@\cs{headcolor}}%
+\index{tlabelcolor@\cs{tlabelcolor}}%
+\index{backgroundcolor@\cs{backgroundcolor}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+These macros set the default color for various drawing
+elements. Any curve (with one exception, those drawn by \cs{plotdata}),
+whether solid, dashed, dotted, or plotted in symbols, will be in the
+color set by \cs{drawcolor}. Set the color used by \cs{gfill} with
+\cs{fillcolor}. For all the hatching commands use \cs{hatchcolor}. For
+the \cs{point}, \cs{plotsymbol} and \cs{grid} commands use
+\cs{pointcolor}, and for arrowheads, \cs{headcolor}. When \opt{mplabels}
+is in effect, the color of labels can be set with \cs{tlabelcolor}, and
+one can set the color used by \cs{gclear} with \cs{backgroundcolor} (the
+same color is used in the interior of unfilled points drawn with
+\cs{point}). The optional \meta{model} may be one of \opt{rgb},
+\opt{RGB}, \opt{cmyk}, \opt{gray}, and \opt{named}. The \meta{colorspec}
+depends on the model, as outlined below. Each of these commands sets a
+corresponding \MP{} color variable with the same name (except
+\cs{backgroundcolor} sets the color \mfc{background}). Thus one can set
+the filling color to the drawing color with
+\cs{fillcolor}\marg{drawcolor}.
+
+\subsubsection{\CMP{} Colors.}\label{mpcolors}
+
+If the optional \meta{model} specification is omitted, the color
+specification may be any expression recognized as a color by \MP. In
+\MP, a color is a triple of numbers like \mfc{(1,.5,.5)}, with the
+coordinates between 0 and 1, representing red, green and blue levels,
+respectively. White is given by \mfc{(1,1,1)} and black by
+\mfc{(0,0,0)}. \CMP{} also has color variables and several have been
+predefined: \mfc{red}, \mfc{green}, \mfc{blue}, \mfc{yellow},
+\mfc{cyan}, \mfc{magenta}, \mfc{white}, and \mfc{black}. All the names
+in the \LaTeX{} \prog{color} package's \file{dvipsnam.def} are
+predefined color variable names. Since \MP{} allows color expressions,
+colors may be added and multiplied by numerics. Moreover, several \MP{}
+color functions have been defined in \file{grafbase.mp}:
+
+\begin{cd}
+\mfc{cmyk($c$,$m$,$y$,$k$)}%
+\index{cmyk@\mfc{cmyk($c$,$m$,$y$,$k$)}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Converts a \opt{cmyk} color specification to \MP's native \opt{rgb}. For
+example, the command \mfc{cmyk(1,0,0,0)} yields \mfc{(0,1,1)}, which is
+the definition of \mfc{cyan}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\mfc{RGB($R$,$G$,$B$)}%
+\index{RGB@\mfc{RGB($R$,$G$,$B$)}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Converts an \opt{RGB} color specification to \opt{rgb}. It essentially
+just divides each component by 255.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\mfc{gray($g$)}%
+\index{gray@\mfc{gray($g$)}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Converts a numeric $g$ (a gray level) to the corresponding multiple of
+\mfc{(1,1,1)}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\mfc{named(\meta{name})},
+\mfc{rgb($r$,$g$,$b$)}%
+\index{named@\mfc{named(\meta{name})}}%
+\index{rgb@rgb($r$,$g$,$b$)}
+\end{cd}
+
+These are essentially no-ops. However; \mfc{rgb} will truncate the
+arguments to the 0--1 range,  an unknown \meta{name} is converted to
+\mfc{black}, and an unknown numeric argument is set to 0.
+
+\medskip
+As an example of the use of these functions, one could conceivable
+write:
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{drawcolor}\marg{0.5*RGB(255,0,0)+0.5*cmyk(1,0,0,0)}
+\end{ex}
+to have all curves drawn in a color halfway between red and cyan (which
+turns out to be the same as \gbc{gray(0.5)}).
+
+\subsubsection{Color Models.}\label{colormodels}
+
+When the optional \meta{model} is specified in the color setting
+commands, it determines the format of the color specification:
+
+\medskip
+\halign{\quad#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\cr
+{\sl Model:}& {\sl Specification:}\cr
+\opt{rgb}&  Three numbers in the range 0 to 1 separated by commas.\cr
+\opt{RGB}&  Three numbers in the range 0 to 255 separated by commas.\cr
+\opt{cmyk}& Four numbers in the range 0 to 1 separated by commas.\cr
+\opt{gray}& One number in the range 0 to 1, with 1 indicating
+                  white, 0 black.\cr
+\opt{named}& A \MP{} color variable name either predefined by
+                   \mfp{} or by the user.\cr}
+
+\medskip
+\Mfp{} translates
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{fillcolor}\oarg{cmyk}\marg{1,.3,0,.2}
+\end{ex}
+into the equivalent of
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{fillcolor}\marg{cmyk(1,.3,0,.2)}.
+\end{ex}
+Note that when the optional model is specified, the color
+specification must not be enclosed in parentheses. Note also that each
+model name is the name of a color function described in the previous
+subsection. That is how the models are implemented internally.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Defining a Color Name.}\label{colorname}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpdefinecolor}\marg{\meta{name}}\marg{\meta{model}}\marg{\meta{colorspec}}%
+\index{mfpdefinecolor@\cs{mfpdefinecolor}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This defines a color variable \meta{name} for later use, either in the
+commands \cs{drawcolor}, etc., or in the optional parameters to
+\cs{draw}, etc. The name can be used alone or in the \opt{named} model.
+The mandatory \meta{model} and \meta{colorspec} are as above.
+
+\medskip
+A final caution, the colors of an \mfp{} figure are stored in the
+\file{.mp} output file, and are not related to colors used or defined by
+the \LaTeX{} \prog{color} package. In particular a color defined only by
+\LaTeX's \cs{definecolor} command will remain unknown to \mfp.
+Conversely, \LaTeX{} commands will not recognize any color defined only
+by \cs{mfpdefinecolor}.
+
+\subsubsection{Color in \MF}
+
+\CMF{} was never meant to understand colors, but it certainly can be
+taught the difference between black and white and, to a limited extent,
+various grays. Starting with version 0.7, \mfp{} will no longer generate
+an error when a color-changing command is used under the \opt{metafont}
+option. Instead, when possible, the variables that represent colors in
+\MP{} will be converted to a numeric value between 0 and 1 in \MF. When
+possible (for example, when a region is filled) the numeric will be
+interpreted as a gray level and shading (see subsection~\ref{filling})
+will be used to approximate the gray. In other cases (drawing or dashing
+of curves, placing of points or symbols, filling with a pattern of hatch
+lines) the number will be interpreted as black or white: a value less
+than 1 will cause the figure to be rendered (in black), while a value
+equal to 1 (white) will cause pixels corresponding to the figure to be
+erased.
+
+This is still somewhat experimental and depends on adhering to certain
+restrictions. \CMF's syntax does not recognize a triple of numbers as
+any sort of data structure, but it does allow \emph{commands} to have
+any number of parameters in parentheses. So colors must be specified
+using the color commands such as \gbc{rgb(1,1,0)} or color names such as
+\gbc{yellow}, and never as a bare triple. Also, as currently written,
+the color names defined in \file{dvipsnam.mp} are not defined in \MF.
+With these provisions the same \mfp{} code can often produce either gray
+scale \MF{} pictures or \MP{} color pictures depending only on the
+\opt{metapost} option.
+
+The commands \cs{shade} and \cs{gfill}\oarg{gray(.75)} (see
+subsection~\ref{filling} for their meaning) will produce a similar shade
+of gray, but there is a difference. The first simply adds small dots on
+top of whatever is already drawn. The second, however, tries to simulate
+the \MP{} effect, which is to cover up whatever is previously drawn.
+Therefore, it first zeros all affected pixels before adding the dots to
+simulate gray. In particular, \cs{gfill}\oarg{white} should have the
+same effect as \cs{gclear}.
+
+
+\subsection{Shape-Modifier Macros.}\label{modifier}
+
+Some \mfp{} macros operate as \emph{shape-modifier} macros---for
+example, if you want to put an arrowhead on a line segment, you could
+write: \cs{arrow}\cs{lines}\marg{(0,0),(1,0)}. These are always prefixed
+to some figure drawing command, and apply only to the next following
+figure macro (which can be rather far removed) provided that only other
+prefix commands intervene. This is a rather long section, but even more
+modification prefixes are documented in subsection~\ref{transformation}.
+
+For the purposes of these macros, a distinction must be made in the
+figure macros between `open' and `closed' paths. A path that merely
+returns to its starting point is \emph{not} automatically closed; such a
+path is open, and must be explicitly closed, for example by \cs{lclosed}
+(see below). The (already) closed paths are those that have
+`\texttt{closed}' in their name plus: \cs{rect}, \cs{circle},
+\cs{ellipse}, \cs{sector}, \cs{cyclic}, \cs{polygon}, \cs{plrregion},
+\cs{chartbar}, \cs{piewedge}, \cs{tlabelrect}, \cs{tlabeloval},
+\cs{tlabelellipse}, \cs{tlabelcircle} and \cs{btwnfcn} (below).
+
+\subsubsection{Closure of Paths.}\label{closure}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{lclosed}$\ldots$%
+\index{lclosed@\cs{lclosed}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Makes each open path into a closed path by adding a line segment between
+the endpoints of the path.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{bclosed}\oarg{\meta{tens}}$\ldots$
+\index{bclosed@\cs{bclosed}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+This macro is similar to \cs{lclosed}, except that it closes an open
+path smoothly by drawing a B\'ezier curve. A B\'ezier is \MF's natural
+way of connecting points into a curve, and \cs{bclosed} is the simplest
+and most efficient closure next to \cs{lclosed}. Moreover it usually
+gives a reasonably aesthetic result. Sometimes, however, one might wish
+a tighter connection. If that is the case, use the optional argument
+with a value of the tension \meta{tens} greater than $1$, the default.
+The command \cs{settension} (see subsection~\ref{curves}) can be used to
+change the default.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{sclosed}\oarg{\meta{tens}}$\ldots$%
+\index{sclosed@\cs{sclosed}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This closes the curve by mimicking the definition of the \cs{curve}
+command. That command tries to force the curve to pass through the $n$th
+point in a direction parallel to the line from point $(n-1)$ to point
+$(n+1)$. In order to close a curve in this way, the direction at the two
+endpoints often has to be changed, and this changes the shape of the
+first and last segments of the curve. Use \cs{bclosed} if you don't wish
+this to happen. However, \cs{sclosed}\cs{curve} produces the same result
+as \cs{cyclic} given the same points and tension valuse. The optional
+tension argument is as in the \cs{bclosed} command.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Reversal, Connection and Subpaths.}\label{reversal}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{reverse}$\ldots$%
+\index{reverse@\cs{reverse}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Turns a path around, reversing its sense. This will affect both
+the direction of arrows (e.g. bi-directional arrows can be coded with
+\cs{arrow}\cs{reverse}\cs{arrow}$\ldots$, where the first \cs{arrow}
+modifier applies to the \emph{reversed} path), and the order of
+endpoints for a \cs{connect}$\ldots$\cs{endconnect} environment (below).
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{connect} $\ldots$
+\cs{endconnect}%
+\index{connect@\cs{connect}}
+\index{endconnect@\cs{endconnect}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This pair of macros, acting as an environment, adds line segments from
+the trailing endpoint of one path to the leading endpoint of the
+next path, in the given order. The result is a connected, \emph{open}
+path.
+
+\emph{Note}: In \LaTeX, this pair of macros can be used in the form of a
+\LaTeX-style environment called \env{connect} ---as in
+\cs{begin}\marg{connect}$\ldots$\cs{end}\marg{connect}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{partpath}\marg{\meta{frac1},\meta{frac2}}\dots\\
+\cs{subpath}\marg{\meta{num1},\meta{num2}}\dots%
+\index{partpath@\cs{partpath}}%
+\index{subpath@\cs{subpath}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Both produce a part of the following path. In \cs{partpath} the
+parameters \meta{frac1} and \meta{frac2} should be numbers between 0 and
+1. The path produced travels the same course as the path that follows,
+but starts at the point that is \meta{frac1} of the original length
+along it, and ends at the point \meta{frac2} of its original length. If
+\meta{frac1} is greater than \meta{frac2}, the sense of the path is
+reversed. In \cs{subpath}, the two numbers should be between 0 and the
+number of B\'ezier segments in the path. This is mainly for experienced
+\MF ers and provides an \mfp{} interface to \MF's
+`\mfc{subpath}' operation.
+
+As an example of \cs{partpath}, one can put an arrowhead (see next
+subsection) in the middle of a path with something like the following.
+
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{arrow}\cs{partpath}\marg{0,.5}\cs{draw}\dots
+\end{ex}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Arrows.}\label{arrows}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{arrow}\oarg{l\meta{headlen}}\oarg{r\meta{rotate}}%
+    \oarg{b\meta{backset}}\oarg{c\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{arrow@\cs{arrow}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws an arrowhead at the endpoint of the open path (or at the last key
+point of the closed path) that follows. The optional parameter
+\meta{headlen} determines the length of the arrowhead.  The default is
+the value of the \TeX{} dimension \cs{headlen}, initially \dim{3pt}. The
+optional parameter \meta{rotate} allows the arrowhead to be rotated
+anticlockwise around its point an angle of \meta{rotate} degrees. The
+default is 0. The optional parameter \meta{backset} allows the arrowhead
+to be `set back' from its original point, thus allowing e.g. double
+arrowheads. This parameter is in the form of a \TeX{} dimension---its
+default value is \dim{0pt}. If an arrowhead is both rotated and set
+back, the rotation affects the direction in which the arrowhead is set
+back. The optional \meta{color} defaults to \gbc{headcolor}. The
+optional parameters may appear in any order, but the indicated key
+character for each parameter must always appear.
+
+
+\subsection{Rendering macros}\label{rendering}
+
+\subsubsection{Drawing.}\label{drawing}
+
+When \mfp{} is loaded, the initial way in which figures are drawn
+is with a solid outline. That is, \cs{lines}\marg{(1,0),(1,1),(0,0)}
+will draw two solid lines connecting the points. When the macros in this
+section are used, any previously established default (see
+subsection~\ref{default} below) is overridden.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{draw}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{draw@\cs{draw}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws the subsequent path using a solid outline. For an example: to both
+draw a curve and hatch its interior, \cs{draw}\cs{hatch} must be used.
+The default for \meta{color} is \gbc{drawcolor}.
+
+To save repetition, the color used for the following commands is also
+\gbc{drawcolor}: \cs{dashed}, \cs{dotted}, \cs{plot}, \cs{plotnodes},
+and \cs{gendashed},
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{dashed}\oarg{\meta{length},\meta{space}}$\ldots$%
+\index{dashed@\cs{dashed}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws dashed segments along the path specified in the next command. The
+default length of the dashes is the value of the \TeX{} dimension
+\cs{dashlen}, initially \dim{4pt}. The default space between the dashes
+is the value of the \TeX{} dimension \cs{dashspace}, initially
+\dim{4pt}. The dashes and the spaces between may be increased or
+decreased by as much as ${1\over n}$ of their value, where $n$ is the
+number of spaces appearing in the curve, in order to have the proper
+dashes at the ends. The dashes at the ends are half of \cs{dashlen}
+long.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{dotted}\oarg{\meta{size},\meta{space}}$\ldots$%
+\index{dotted@\cs{dotted}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws dots along the specified path. The default size of the dots is the
+value of the \TeX{} dimension \cs{dotsize}, initially \dim{0.5pt}. The
+default space between the dots is the value of the \TeX{} dimension
+\cs{dotspace}, initially \dim{3pt}. The size of the spaces may be
+adjusted as in \cs{dashed}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plot}\oarg{\meta{size},\meta{space}}\marg{\meta{symbol}}$\ldots$%
+\index{plot@\cs{plot}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Similar to \cs{dotted} except copies of  \meta{symbol} are drawn along
+the path. Possible symbols are those listed under \cs{plotsymbol} in
+subsection~\ref{points}. The default \meta{size} is \cs{pointsize} and
+the default \meta{space} is \cs{symbolspace}, initially \dim{5pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plotnodes}\oarg{\meta{size}}\marg{\meta{symbol}}$\ldots$%
+\index{plotnodes@\cs{plotnodes}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This places a symbol (same possibilities as in \cs{plotsymbol}, see
+subsection~\ref{points}) at each node of the path that follows. A node
+is one of the points through which \MF{} draws its curve.  If one of the
+macros \cs{polyline}\marg{$\ldots$} or \cs{curve}\marg{$\ldots$}
+follows, each of the points listed is a node. In the \cs{datafile}
+command (below), each of the data points in the file is. In the function
+macros (below) the points corresponding to \meta{min}, \meta{max} and
+each step in between are nodes. The optional \meta{size} defaults to
+\cs{pointsize}. If the command \cs{clearsymbols} has been issued then
+the interiors of the open symbols are erased. The effect of something
+like the following is rather nice:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \clearsymbols
+  \plotnodes{Circle}\draw\polyline{...}
+\end{verbatim}
+This will first draw the polyline with solid lines, and then the points
+listed will be plotted as open circles with the portion of the lines
+inside the circles erased. One sees a series of open circles connected
+one to the next by line segments
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{dashpattern}\marg{\meta{name}}%
+    \marg{\meta{len1},\meta{len2},$\ldots$,\meta{len2k}}%
+\index{dashpattern@\cs{dashpattern}}
+\end{cd}
+
+For more general dash patterns than \cs{dashed} and \cs{dotted} provide,
+there is a generalized dashing command. One must first establish a named
+dashing pattern with this command. \meta{name} can be any sequence of
+letters and underscores. Try to make it distinctive to avoid undoing
+some internal variable. \meta{len1} through \meta{len2k} are an even
+number of lengths. The odd ones determine the lengths of dashes, the
+even ones the lengths of spaces. A dash of length \texttt{0pt} means a
+dot. An alternating dot-dash pattern can be specified with
+
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{dashpattern}\marg{dotdash}\marg{0pt,4pt,3pt,4pt}.
+\end{ex}
+\emph{Note}: Since pens have some thickness, dashes look a little
+longer, and spaces a little shorter, than the numbers suggest. If one
+wants dashes and space with the same length, one needs to take the size
+desired and increase the spaces by the thickness of the drawing pen
+(normally \dim{0.5pt}) and decrease the dashes by the same amount.
+
+If \cs{dashpattern} is used with an odd number of entries, a space of
+length \dim{0pt} is appended. This makes the last dash in one copy of
+the pattern abut the first dash in the next copy.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{gendashed}\marg{\meta{name}}$\ldots$%
+\index{gendashed@\cs{gendashed}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Once a dashing pattern name has been defined, it can be used in this
+command to draw the curve that follows it. Using a name not previously
+defined will cause the curve to be drawn with a solid line, and generate
+a \MF{} warning, but \TeX{} will not complain. If all the dimensions in
+a dash pattern are 0, \cs{gendashed} responds by drawing a solid curve.
+The same is true if the pattern has only one entry.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Shading, Filling, Erasing, Clipping,
+Hatching.}\label{filling}
+
+These macros can all be used to fill (or unfill) the interior of closed
+paths, even if the paths cross themselves. Filling an open curve is
+technically an error, but the \MF{} code responds by drawing the path
+and not doing any filling. These macros replace the default rendering:
+when they are used the outline will not be drawn unless an explicit
+prefix to do so is present.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{gfill}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{gfill@\cs{gfill}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Fills in the subsequent closed path. Under \MP{} it fills with
+\meta{color}, which defaults to
+\index{fillcolor@\gbc{fillcolor}}\gbc{fillcolor}. Under \MF{} it
+approximates the color with a shade of gray, clears the interior, and
+then fills with a pattern of black and white pixels simulating gray.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{gclear}$\ldots$%
+\index{gclear@\cs{gclear}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Erases everything \emph{inside} the subsequent closed path (except text
+labels under some circumstances, see section~\ref{mplabels} and
+\ref{overlaylabels}). Under \MP{} it actually fills with the
+predefined color named \mfc{background}. Since \mfc{background} is normally
+white, and so are most actual backgrounds, this is usually
+indistinguishable from clearing.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{gclip}$\ldots$%
+\index{gclip@\cs{gclip}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Erases everything \emph{outside} the subsequent closed path from the
+picture (except text labels under some circumstances, see
+section~\ref{mplabels} and \ref{overlaylabels}).
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{shade}\oarg{\meta{shadesp}}$\ldots$%
+\index{shade@\cs{shade}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Shades the interior of the subsequent closed path with dots. The
+diameter of the dots is the \MF{} variable \mfc{shadewd}, set by the
+macro \cs{shadewd}\marg{\meta{size}}. Normally this is \dim{0.5pt}. The
+optional argument specifies the spacing between (the centers of) the
+dots, which defaults to the \TeX{} dimension \cs{shadespace}, initially
+\dim{1pt}. If \cs{shadespace} is less than \mfc{shadewd}, the closed
+path is filled with black, as if with \cs{gfill}. Under \MP{} this macro
+actually fills the path's interior with a shade of gray. The shade to
+use is computed based on \cs{shadespace} and \mfc{shadewd}. The default
+values of these parameters correspond to a gray level of 75\% of white.%
+    \footnote{If \cs{shadewd} is $w$ and \cs{shadespace} is $s$, then
+    the level of gray is $1 - (w/s)^2$, where $0$ denotes black and $1$
+    white.} %
+The \MF{} version attempts to optimize the dots to the pixel grid
+corresponding to the printers resolution (to avoid generating dither
+lines). Because this involves rounding, it will happen that values of
+\cs{shadespace} that are relatively close and at the same time close to
+\mfc{shadewd} produce exactly the same shade. Most of the time, however,
+values of \cs{shadespace} that differ by at least 20\% will produce
+different patterns. The actual behavior for particular values of the
+parameters and particular printer resolutions cannot be predicted, and
+we even make no guarantee it will not change from one version of \mfp{}
+to another.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{polkadot}\oarg{\meta{space}}$\ldots$%
+\index{polkadot@\cs{polkadot}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Fills the interior of a closed path with large dots. This is almost what
+\cs{shade} does, but there are several differences. \cs{shade} is
+intended solely to simulate a gray fill in \MF{} where the only color is
+black. So it is optimized for small dots aligned to the pixel grid (in
+\MF). In \MP{} all it does is fill with gray and is intended merely for
+compatibility. The macro \cs{polkadot} is intended for large dots in any
+color, and so it optimizes spacing (a nice hexagonal array) and makes no
+attempt to align at the pixel level. The \meta{space} defaults to the
+\TeX{} dimension \cs{polkadotspace}, initially \dim{10pt}. The diameter
+of the dots is the value of the \MF{} variable \mfc{polkadotwd}, which
+can be set with \cs{polkadotwd}\marg{\meta{size}}, and is initially
+\dim{5pt}. The dots are colored with
+\index{fillcolor@\gbc{fillcolor}}\gbc{fillcolor}. In \MF, nonblack
+values of \gbc{fillcolor} will produce shaded dots.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{thatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp},\meta{angle}}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{thatch@\cs{thatch}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Fills a closed path with equally spaced parallel lines at the specified
+angle. The thickness of the lines is set by the macro \cs{hatchwd}. In
+the optional argument, \meta{hatchsp} specifies the space between lines,
+which defaults to the \TeX{} dimension \cs{hatchspace}, initially
+\dim{3pt}. The \meta{angle} defaults to 0. The \meta{color} defaults to
+\gbc{hatchcolor}. If \cs{hatchspace} is less than the line thickness,
+the closed path is filled with \meta{color}, as if with \cs{gfill}. If
+the first optional argument appears, both parts must be present,
+separated by a comma. For the color argument to be present, the other
+optional argument must also be present. However, if one wishes only to
+override the default color one can use an empty first optional argument
+(completely empty, no spaces).
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{lhatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp}}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{lhatch@\cs{lhatch}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws lines shading in the subsequent closed path in a left-oblique
+hatched (upper left to lower right) pattern. It is exactly the same as
+\cs{thatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp},-45}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{rhatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp}}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{rhatch@\cs{rhatch}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws lines shading in the subsequent closed path in a right-oblique
+hatched (lower left to upper right) pattern. It is exactly the same as
+\cs{thatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp},45}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{hatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp}}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{xhatch}\oarg{\meta{hatchsp}}\oarg{\meta{color}}$\ldots$%
+\index{hatch@\cs{hatch}}%
+\index{xhatch@\cs{xhatch}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws lines shading in the subsequent closed path in a cross-hatched
+pattern. It is exactly the same as \cs{rhatch} followed by \cs{lhatch}
+using the same \meta{hatchsp} and \meta{color}.
+
+Hatching should normally be used very sparingly, or never if
+alternatives are available (color, shading). Hatching at two different
+angles is, however, almost the only way to fill in two regions that
+\emph{automatically} shows the overlapping region.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Changing the Default Rendering.}\label{default}
+
+\emph{Rendering} is the process of converting a geometric description
+into a drawing.  In \MF, this means producing a bitmap (\MF{} stores
+these in \mfc{picture} variables), either by stroking (drawing) a path
+using a particular pen), or by filling a closed path. In \MP{} it means
+producing a \PS{} description of strokes with pens, and fills
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{setrender}\marg{\meta{\TeX{} commands}}%
+\index{setrender@\cs{setrender}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Initially, \mfp{} uses the \cs{draw} command (stroking) as the default
+operation when a figure is to be rendered.  However, this can be changed
+to any combination of \mfp{} rendering commands and/or other \TeX{}
+commands, by using the \cs{setrender} command.  This redefinition is
+local inside an \env{mfpic} environment, so it can be enclosed in braces
+to restrict its range. Outside an \env{mfpic} environment it is a global
+redefinition.
+
+For example, after \cs{setrender}\marg{\cs{dashed}\cs{shade}} the
+command \cs{circle}\marg{(0,0),1} produces a shaded circle with a dashed
+outline. Any explicit rendering prefix overrides this default.
+
+\subsubsection{Examples.}\label{examples}
+
+It may be instructive, for the purpose of understanding the syntax of
+\emph{shape-modifier and rendering prefixes}, to consider two examples:
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{draw}\cs{shade}\cs{lclosed}\cs{lines}\marg{...}
+\end{ex}
+which shades inside a polygon and draws its outline; and
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{shade}\cs{lclosed}\cs{draw}\cs{lines}\marg{...}
+\end{ex}
+which draws all of the outline \emph{except} the line segment supplied
+by \cs{lclosed}, then shades the interior. Thus, in the first case the
+path is defined (by \cs{lines}) then closed, then the resulting closed
+path is shaded, then drawn; while in the second case the order is:
+defined, drawn, closed, shaded. In particular, what is drawn is the path
+not yet closed.
+
+
+\subsection{Functions and Plotting.}\label{functions}
+
+In the following macros, expressions like $f(\mathtt{x})$, $g(\mathtt{t})$
+stand for any legal \MF{} expression, in which the only unknown
+variables are those indicated (\texttt{x} in the first case, and \texttt{t} in
+the second).
+
+\subsubsection{Defining Functions}\label{defining}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{fdef}\marg{\meta{fcn}}\marg{\meta{param1},\meta{param2},$\ldots$}%
+    \marg{\meta{mf-expr}}%
+\index{fdef@\cs{fdef}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Defines a \MF{} function \meta{fcn} of the parameters \meta{param1},
+\meta{param2}, $\ldots$, by the \MF{} expression \meta{mf-expr} in which
+the only free parameters are those named.  The return type of the
+function is the same as the type of the expression. What is allowed for
+the function name \meta{fcn} is more restrictive than \MF's rule for
+variable names. Roughly speaking, it should consist of letters and
+underscore characters only. (In particular, for those that know what
+this means, the name should have no suffixes.) Try to make the names
+distinctive to avoid redefining internal \MF{} commands.
+
+The expression \meta{mf-expr} is passed directly into the corresponding
+\MF{} macro and interpreted there, so \MF's rules for algebraic
+expressions apply. If \cs{fdef} occurs inside an \env{mfpic}
+environment, it is local to that environment, otherwise it is available
+to all subsequent \env{mfpic} environments.
+
+As an example, after \cs{fdef}\marg{myfcn}\marg{s,t}\marg{s*t-t}, any
+place below where a \MF{} expression is required, you can use
+\mfc{myfcn(2,3)} to mean \mfc{2*3-3} and \mfc{myfcn(x,x)} to mean
+\mfc{x*x-x}.
+
+Operations available include \mfc{+}, \mfc{-}, \mfc{*}, \mfc{/}, and
+\mfc{**} (\mfc{x**y}$=x^y$), with \mfc{(} and \mfc{)} for grouping.
+Functions already available include the standard \MF{} functions
+\mfc{round}, \mfc{floor}, \mfc{ceiling}, \mfc{abs}, \mfc{sqrt},
+\mfc{sind}, \mfc{cosd}, \mfc{mlog}, and \mfc{mexp}. Note that in \MF{}
+the operations \mfc{*} and \mfc{**} have the same level of precedence,
+so \mfc{x*y**z} means $(xy)^z$. Use parentheses liberally!
+
+(\textit{Notes:} The \MF{} trigonometric functions \mfc{sind} and
+\mfc{cosd} take arguments in degrees; \mfc{mlog(x)}$=256\ln x$, and
+\mfc{mexp} is its inverse.) You can also define the function \meta{fcn}
+by cases, using the \MF{} conditional expression
+\begin{ex}
+    \mfc{if~\meta{boolean}:~\meta{expr}~elseif
+    \meta{boolean}:~$\ldots$~else:~\meta{expr}~fi}.
+\end{ex}
+Relations available for the \meta{boolean} part of the expression
+include \mfc{=}, \mfc{<}, \mfc{>}, \mfc{<=}, \mfc{<>} and \mfc{>=}.
+
+Complicated functions can be defined by a compound expression, which is
+a series of \MF{} statements, followed by an expression, all enclosed in
+the commands \mfc{begingroup} and \mfc{endgroup}. The \cs{fdef}
+command automatically supplies the grouping around the definition so
+the user need not type them if the entire \meta{mf-expr} is one such
+compound expression. \CMF{} functions can call \MF{} functions,
+even recursively.
+
+Many common functions have been predefined in \file{grafbase}. These
+include all the usual trig functions \mfc{tand}, \mfc{cotd}, \mfc{secd},
+\mfc{cscd}, which take angles in degrees, plus variants \mfc{sin},
+\mfc{cos}, \mfc{tan}, \mfc{cot}, \mfc{sec}, and \mfc{csc}, which take
+angles in radians. Some inverse trig functions are also available, the
+following produce angles in degrees: \mfc{asin}, \mfc{acos}, and
+\mfc{atan}, and the following in radians: \mfc{invsin}, \mfc{invcos},
+\mfc{invtan}. The exponential and hyperbolic functions: \mfc{exp},
+\mfc{sinh}, \mfc{cosh}, \mfc{tanh}, and their inverses \mfc{ln} (or
+\mfc{log}), \mfc{asinh}, \mfc{acosh}, and \mfc{atanh} are also defined.
+
+\subsubsection{Plotting Functions}\label{plotting}
+
+The plotting macros take two or more arguments. They have an optional
+first argument, \meta{spec}, which determines whether a function is
+drawn smooth (as a \MF{} B\'ezier curve), or polygonal (as line
+segments)---if \meta{spec} is \texttt{p}, the function will be
+polygonal. Otherwise the \meta{spec} should be \texttt{s}, followed by
+an optional positive number no smaller than 0.75. In this case the
+function will be smooth with a tension equal to the number. See the
+\cs{curve} command (subsection~\ref{curves}) for an explanation of
+tension. The default \meta{spec} depends on the purpose of the macro.
+
+One compulsory argument contains three values \meta{min}, \meta{max} and
+\meta{step} separated by commas.  The independent variable of a function
+starts at the value \meta{min} and steps by \meta{step} until reaching
+\meta{max}. If \meta{max}${}-{}$\meta{min} is not a whole number of
+steps, then round$((\meta{max}-\meta{min})/\meta{step})$ equal steps are
+used. One may have to experiment with the size of \meta{step}, since
+\MF{} merely connects the points corresponding to these steps with what
+\emph{it} considers to be a smooth curve. Smaller \meta{step} gives
+better accuracy, but too small may cause the curve to exceed \MF's
+capacity or slow down its processing. Increasing the tension may help
+keep the curve in line, but at the expense of reduced smoothness.
+
+There are one or more subsequent arguments, each of which is a \MF{}
+function or expression as described above.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{function}\oarg{\meta{spec}}\marg{\meta{$x_{\mathrm{min}}$},%
+    \meta{$x_{\mathrm{max}}$},\meta{$\Delta x$}}%
+    \marg{$f(\mathtt{x})$}%
+\index{function@\cs{function}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Plots $f(\mathtt{x})$, a \MF{} numeric function or expression of one
+numeric argument, which must be denoted by a literal \texttt{x}. The
+default \meta{spec} is \texttt{s}. For example
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{function}\marg{0,pi,pi/10}\marg{sin x}
+\end{ex}
+draws the graph of $\sin x$ between 0 and $\pi$.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{parafcn}\oarg{\meta{spec}}\marg{\meta{$t_{\mathrm{min}}$},%
+    \meta{$t_{\mathrm{max}}$},\meta{$\Delta t$}}%
+    \marg{\meta{pfcn}}%
+\index{parafcn@\cs{parafcn}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Plots the parametric path determined by \meta{pfcn}, where \meta{pfcn}
+is a \MF{} function or expression of one numeric argument \texttt{t},
+returning a \MF{} \emph{pair}. Or a pair of numeric expressions
+$(x(\mathtt{t}),y(\mathtt{t}))$ enclosed in parentheses and separated by
+a comma. The default \meta{spec} is \texttt{s}. For example
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{parafcn}\marg{0,1,.1}\marg{(2t, t + t*t)}
+\end{ex}
+plots a smooth parabola from $(0,0)$ to $(2,2)$.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plrfcn}\oarg{\meta{spec}}\marg{\meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{min}}$},%
+    \meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{max}}$},\meta{$\Delta\theta$}}%
+    \marg{$f(\mathtt{t})$}%
+\index{plrfcn@\cs{plrfcn}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Plots the polar function determined by $r=f(\theta)$, where $f$ is a
+\MF{} numeric function or expression of one numeric argument, and
+$\theta$ varies from \meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{min}}$} to
+\meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{max}}$} in steps of \meta{$\Delta\theta$}. Each
+$\theta$ value is interpreted as an angle measured in \emph{degrees}. In
+the expression $f(\mathtt{t})$, the unknown \texttt{t} stands for
+$\theta$. The default \meta{spec} is \texttt{s}. For example
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{plrfcn}\marg{0,90,5}\marg{sind (2t)}
+\end{ex}
+draws one loop of a 4-petal rosette. If one needs radian measures, use
+something like the following.
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{plrfcn}\marg{0,pi*radian,pi*radian/18}\marg{sin (2t/radian)}
+\end{ex}
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{btwnfcn}\oarg{\meta{spec}}\marg{\meta{$x_{\mathrm{min}}$},\meta{$x_{\mathrm{max}}$},\meta{$\Delta x$}}%
+    \marg{$f(\mathtt{x})$}\marg{$g(\mathtt{x})$}%
+\index{btwnfcn@\cs{btwnfcn}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws the region between the two functions $f(x)$ and $g(x)$, these
+being numeric functions of one numeric argument \texttt{x}. The region is
+bounded also by the vertical lines at \meta{$x_{\mathrm{min}}$} and \meta{$x_{\mathrm{max}}$}.
+Unlike the previous function macros, the default \meta{spec} is
+\texttt{p}---this macro is intended to be used for shading between drawn
+functions, a task for which smoothness is usually unnecessary.
+For example
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{shade}\cs{btwnfcn}\marg{0,180,5}\marg{0}\marg{sind x}
+\end{ex}
+shades the area between first crest of a sine wave and the x-axis.
+
+Note: the effect of \cs{btwnfcn} could also be accomplished with
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{lclosed}\cs{connect}\\
+    \cs{function}\marg{\meta{$x_{\mathrm{min}}$},%
+    \meta{$x_{\mathrm{max}}$},\meta{$\Delta x$}}\marg{$f(\mathtt{x})$}\\
+    \cs{reverse}\cs{function}\marg{\meta{$x_{\mathrm{min}}$},%
+    \meta{$x_{\mathrm{max}}$},\meta{$\Delta x$}}\marg{$g(\mathtt{x})$}\\
+  \cs{endconnect}
+\end{ex}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plrregion}\oarg{\meta{spec}}%
+    \marg{\meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{min}}$},\meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{max}}$},%
+    \meta{$\Delta\theta$}}\marg{$f(\mathtt{t})$}%
+\index{plrregion@\cs{plrregion}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Plots the polar region determined by $r=f(\theta)$, where $f$ is a \MF{}
+numeric function of one numeric argument \texttt{t}.  The $\theta$
+values are angles (measured in \emph{degrees}), varying from
+\meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{min}}$} to \meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{max}}$} in
+steps of \meta{$\Delta\theta$}. In the expression $f(\mathtt{t})$, the
+\texttt{t} stands for $\theta$. The region is also bounded by the angles
+\meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{min}}$} and \meta{$\theta_{\mathrm{max}}$}, i.e.
+by the line segments joining the origin to the endpoints of the
+function. The default \meta{spec} is \texttt{p} ---this macro is
+intended to be used for shading a region with the boundary drawn, a task
+for which smoothness is usually unnecessary. For example
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{shade}\cs{plrregion}\marg{0,90,5}\marg{sind (2t)}
+\end{ex}
+shades one loop of the 4-petal rosette.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Plotting external data files}\label{external}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{datafile}\oarg{\meta{spec}}\marg{\meta{file}}\\
+\cs{smoothdata}\oarg{\meta{tension}}\\
+\cs{unsmoothdata}%
+\index{datafile@\cs{datafile}}%
+\index{smoothdata@\cs{smoothdata}}%
+\index{unsmoothdata@\cs{unsmoothdata}}
+\end{cd}
+
+\cs{datafile} defines a curve connecting the points listed in the file
+\meta{file}. (The context makes it clear whether this meaning of
+\cs{datafile} or that of subsection~\ref{list} is meant.) The
+\meta{spec} may be \texttt{p} to produce a polygonal path, or \texttt{s}
+followed by a tension value (as in \cs{curve}) to produce a smooth path.
+If no \meta{spec} is given, the default is initially \texttt{p}, but
+\cs{smoothdata} may be used to change this. Thus, after the command
+\cs{smoothdata}\oarg{\meta{tension}} the default \meta{spec} is changed
+to \texttt{s\meta{tension}}. If the tension parameter is not supplied it
+defaults to \mfc{1.0} (or the value set by the \cs{settension} command
+if one has been used).
+
+The command \cs{unsmoothdata} restores the default \meta{spec} to
+\texttt{p}.
+
+By default, each non-blank line in the file is assumed to contain at
+least two numbers, separated by whitespace (blanks or tabs). The first
+two numbers on each line are assumed to represent the $x$- and
+$y$-coordinates of a point. Initial blank lines in the file are ignored,
+as are comments. The comment character in the data file is assumed to be
+\texttt{\%}, but it can be reset using \cs{mfpdatacomment} (below). Any
+blank line other than at the start of the file causes the curve to
+terminate. The \cs{datafile} command may be preceded by any of the
+prefix commands, so that, for example, a closed curve could be formed
+with \cs{lclosed}\cs{datafile}\marg{data.dat}.
+
+The \index{datafile@\cs{datafile}}\cs{datafile} command has another use,
+independent of the above description. We saw in subsection~\ref{list}
+that any \mfp{} command (other than one that prints text labels) that
+takes as its last argument a list of points (or numerical values)
+separated by commas, can have that list replaced with a reference to an
+external data file. For example, if a file \file{ptlist.dat} contains
+two or more numerical values per line separated by whitespace, then one
+can draw a dot at each of the points corresponding to the first pair of
+numbers on each line with the following.
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{point}\cs{datafile}\marg{ptlist.dat}
+\end{ex}
+In fact there is no essential difference between `\cs{datafile}\oarg{p}'
+and `\cs{polyline}\cs{datafile}', and no difference between
+`\cs{datafile}\oarg{s}' and `\cs{curve}\cs{datafile}'.
+
+Here is the full list of \mfp{} macros that allow this usage of
+\cs{datafile}\index{datafile@\cs{datafile}}:
+
+    \begin{raggedright}
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Numeric data: \cs{piechart}, \cs{barchart}, \cs{numericarray}, and
+    all the axis marks commands.
+\item Point or vector data: \cs{point}, \cs{plotsymbol}, \cs{polyline},
+    \cs{polygon}, \cs{fcncurve}, \cs{curve}, \cs{cyclic}, \cs{turtle},
+    \cs{qspline}, \cs{closedqspline}, \cs{cspline}, \cs{closedcspline},
+    \cs{mfbezier}, \cs{closedmfbezier}, \cs{qbeziers},
+    \cs{closedqbeziers}, and \cs{pairarray}.
+\end{itemize}
+
+    \end{raggedright}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpdatacomment}\cs{}\meta{char}%
+\index{mfpdatacomment@\cs{mfpdatacomment}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Changes \meta{char} to a comment character and changes the usual \TeX{}
+comment character \texttt{\%} to an ordinary character \emph{while reading a
+datafile for drawing}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{using}\marg{\meta{in-pattern}}\marg{\meta{out-pattern}}%
+\index{using@\cs{using}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Used to change the assumptions about the format of the data file. For
+example, if there are four numbers on each line separated by commas, to
+plot the third against the second (in that order) you can say
+\cs{using}\marg{\#1,\#2,\#3,\#4}\marg{(\#3,\#2)}. This means the
+following: Everything on a line up to the first comma is assigned to
+parameter \texttt{\#1}, everything from there up to the second comma is
+assigned to parameter \texttt{\#2}, etc. Everything from the third comma
+to the end of line is assigned to \texttt{\#4}. When the line is
+processed by \TeX{} a \MF{} pair is produced representing a point on the
+curve. \CMF{} pair expressions can be used in the output portion of
+\cs{using}. For example \cs{using}\marg{\#1,\#2,\#3}\marg{(\#2,\#1)/10}
+or even \cs{using}\marg{\#1 \#2 \#3}\marg{polar(\#1,\#2)} if the data
+are polar coordinates. The default assumptions of the \cs{datafile}
+command (i.e., space separated numbers, the first two determining each
+point) correspond to the setting
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{using}\marg{\#1 \#2 \#3}\marg{(\#1,\#2)}
+\end{ex}
+The \cs{using} command cannot normally be used in the replacement text
+of another command. Or rather, it can be so used, but then each
+\texttt{\#} has to be doubled. If a \cs{using} declaration occurs in an
+\env{mfpic} environment it is local to that environment. Otherwise it
+affects all subsequent ones.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{sequence}\index{sequence@\cs{sequence}}
+\index{sequence@\cs{sequence}}
+\end{cd}
+
+As a special case, you can plot any number against its sequence
+position, with something like
+\cs{using}\marg{\#1 \#2}\marg{(\cs{sequence},\#1)}. Here, the macro
+\cs{sequence} will take on the values \texttt{1}, \texttt{2}, etc. as
+lines are read from the file.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{usingpairdefault}\\
+\cs{usingnumericdefault}%
+\index{usingpairdefault@\cs{usingpairdefault}}%
+\index{usingnumericdefault@\cs{usingnumericdefault}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The command \cs{usingpairdefault} restores the above default for pair
+data. The command \cs{usingnumericdefault} is the equivalent of
+\cs{using}\marg{\#1 \#2}\marg{\#1}.
+
+Note that the default value of \cs{using} appears to reference three
+arguments. If there are only two numbers on a line separated by
+whitespace, this will still work because of \TeX's argument matching
+rules. \TeX's file reading mechanism normally converts the EOL to a
+space, but there are exceptions so \mfp{} internally adds a space at
+the end of each line read in to be on the safe side. Then the default
+definition of \cs{using} reads everything up to the first space as
+\texttt{\#1} (whitespace is normally compressed to a single space by
+\TeX's reading mechanism), then everything to the second space (the one
+added at the end of the line, perhaps) is \texttt{\#2}, then everything
+to the EOL is \texttt{\#3}. This might assign an empty argument to
+\texttt{\#3}, but it is discarded anyway.
+
+If the numerical data contain percentages with explicit \texttt{\%} signs,
+then choose another comment character with \cs{mfpdatacomment}. This
+will change \texttt{\%} to an ordinary character \emph{in the data file}.
+However, in your \cs{using} command it would still be read as a comment.
+The following example shows how to overcome this:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \makepercentother
+  \using{#1% #2 #3}{(#1/100,#2)}
+  \makepercentcomment
+\end{verbatim}
+
+
+Here\index{makepercentother@\cs{makepercentother}}%
+\index{makepercentcomment@\cs{makepercentcomment}}
+is an analysis of the meaning of this example: everything in a line, up
+to the first percent followed by a space is assigned to parameter
+\texttt{\#1}, everything from there to the next space is assigned to
+\texttt{\#2} and the rest of the line (which may be empty) is
+\texttt{\#3}. On the output side in the above example, the percentage is
+divided by 100 to convert it to a fraction, and plotted against the
+second parameter. Note: normal comments should not be used between
+\cs{makepercentother} and \cs{makepercentcomment}, for obvious reasons.
+
+\begin{cd}
+    \cs{plotdata}\oarg{\meta{spec}}\marg{\meta{file}}%
+    \index{plotdata@\cs{plotdata}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This plots several curves from a single file. The \meta{spec} and the
+command \cs{smoothdata} have the same effect on each curve as in the
+\cs{datafile} command. The data for each curve is a succession of
+nonblank lines separated from the data for the next curve by a single
+blank line. A \emph{pair} of successive blank lines is treated as the
+end of the data. No prefix macros are permitted in front of
+\cs{plotdata}.
+
+Each successive curve in the data file is drawn differently. By default,
+the first is drawn as a solid line the next dashed, the third dotted,
+etc., through a total of six different line types. A \cs{gendashed}
+command is used with predefined dash patterns named \mfc{dashtype0}
+through \mfc{dashtype5}. This behavior can be changed with:
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{coloredlines}\\
+\cs{pointedlines}\\
+\cs{datapointsonly}\\
+\cs{dashedlines}%
+\index{coloredlines@\cs{coloredlines}}%
+\index{pointedlines@\cs{pointedlines}}%
+\index{datapointsonly@\cs{datapointsonly}}%
+\index{dashedlines@\cs{dashedlines}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The command \cs{coloredlines} changes to cycling through eight different
+colors starting with black (hey, black is a color too). This has an
+effect only for \MP. The sole exception to the general rule that all
+curves are drawn in \gbc{drawcolor} is the \cs{plotdata} command after
+\cs{coloredlines} has been issued. The command \cs{pointedlines} causes
+\cs{plotdata} to use \cs{plot} commands, cycling through nine symbols.
+The command \cs{datapointsonly} causes \cs{plotdata} to use
+\cs{plotnodes}\marg{\meta{symbol}} commands to plot the data points
+only. (See the Appendix for more details.) The command \cs{dashedlines}
+restores the default. If, for some reason, you do not like the default
+starting line style (say you want to start with a color other than
+black), you can use one of the following commands.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfplinetype}\marg{\meta{num}}, or\\
+\cs{mfplinestyle}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{mfplinetype@\cs{mfplinetype}}%
+\index{mfplinestyle@\cs{mfplinestyle}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Here \meta{num} is a non-negative number, less than the number of
+different drawing types available. The four previous commands reset the
+number to 0, so if you use one of them, issue \cs{mfplinetype}
+\emph{after} it. The different line styles are numbered starting from
+$0$. If two or more \cs{plotdata} commands are used in the same
+\env{mfpic} environment, the numbering in each continues where the one
+before left off (unless you issue one of the commands above in between).
+\cs{mfplinestyle} means the same as \cs{mfplinetype}, and is included
+for compatibility. See the Appendix to find out what dash pattern,
+color or symbol corresponds to each number by default. The commands
+below can be used to change the default dashess,  colors, or symbols.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{reconfigureplot}\marg{dashes}\marg{\meta{pat$_1$},\dots,\meta{pat$_n$}}\\
+\cs{reconfigureplot}\marg{colors}\marg{\meta{clr$_1$},\dots,\meta{clr$_n$}}\\
+\cs{reconfigureplot}\marg{symbols}\marg{\meta{symb$_1$},\dots,\meta{symb$_n$}}%
+\index{reconfigureplot@\cs{reconfigureplot}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The first argument of \cs{reconfigureplot} is the rendering method to
+change: \texttt{dashes}, \texttt{colors}, or \texttt{symbols}. The
+second argument is a list of dash patterns, colors, or symbols. The dash
+patterns should be names of patterns defined through the use of
+\cs{dashpattern}. The colors can be any color names already known to
+\MP, or defined through \cs{mfpdefinecolor}. The symbols can be any of
+those listed with the \cs{plotsymbol} command (see
+subsection~\ref{points}), or any known \MF{} path variable. The colors
+can also be \MP{} expressions of type color, and the symbols can be
+expressions of type path. Within a \env{mfpic} environment, the changes
+made are local to that environment. Outside, they affect all subsequent
+environments.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{defaultplot}\marg{dashes}\\
+\cs{defaultplot}\marg{colors}\\
+\cs{defaultplot}\marg{symbols}
+\index{defaultplot@\cs{defaultplot}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The command \cs{defaultplot} restores the built-in defaults for the
+indicated method of rendering in \cs{plotdata}.
+
+The commands \cs{using}, \cs{mfpdatacomment} and \cs{sequence} have the
+same meaning here (for \cs{plotdata}) as they do for \cs{datafile}
+(above). The sequence numbering for \cs{sequence} starts over with each
+new curve.
+
+\subsection{Labels and Captions.}\label{labels}
+
+\subsubsection{Setting Text.}\label{text}
+
+If option \opt{metafont} is in effect macros \cs{tlabel}, \cs{tlabels},
+\cs{axislabels} and \cs{tcaption} do not affect the \MF{} file
+(\file{\meta{file}.mf}) at all, but are added to the picture by \TeX. If
+\opt{metapost} is in effect but \opt{mplabels} is not, they do not
+affect the \MP{} file. In these cases, if these macros are the only
+changes or additions to your document, there is no need to repeat the
+processing with \MF{} or \MP{} nor the reprocessing with \TeX{} in order
+to complete your \TeX{} document.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabel}\oarg{\meta{just}}\parg{\meta{x},\meta{y}}\marg{\meta{labeltext}}\\
+\cs{tlabel}\oarg{\meta{just}}\marg{\meta{pair-list}}\marg{\meta{label text}}\\
+\cs{tlabels}\marg{\meta{params$_1$} \meta{params$_2$} $\ldots$}%
+\index{tlabel@\cs{tlabel}}\index{tlabels@\cs{tlabels}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Places \TeX{} labels on the graph. (Not to be confused with \LaTeX's
+\cs{label} command.) The special form \cs{tlabels} (note the plural)
+essentially just applies \cs{tlabel} to each set of parameters listed in
+its argument. That is, each \meta{params$_k$} is a valid set of
+parameters for a \cs{tlabel} command. These can be separated by spaces,
+newlines, or nothing at all. They should \emph{not} be separated by
+blank lines.
+
+The last required parameter is ordinary \TeX{} text. The pair
+\parg{\meta{x},\meta{y}} gives the coordinates of a point in the graph
+where the text will be placed. It may optionally be enclosed in braces.
+In fact, the second syntax may be used if \opt{mplabels} is in effect,
+where \meta{pair-list} is any expression recognized as a pair by \MP, or
+a comma-separated list of such pairs.
+
+The optional parameter \oarg{\meta{just}} specifies the
+\emph{justification}, the relative placement of the label with respect
+to the point \parg{\meta{x},\meta{y}}. It is a two-character sequence
+where the first character is one of \texttt{t} (top), \texttt{c} (center),
+\texttt{b} (bottom), or \texttt{B} (Baseline), to specify vertical placement,
+and the second character is one of \texttt{l} (left), \texttt{c} (center), or
+\texttt{r} (right), to specify horizontal placement. These letters specify
+what part of the \emph{text} is to be placed at the given point, so
+\texttt{r} puts the right end of the text there---which means the text will be
+left of the point. The default justification is \oarg{Bl}.
+
+When \opt{mplabels} is in effect, the two characters may optionally be
+followed by a number, specifying an angle in degrees to rotate the text
+about the point \parg{\meta{x},\meta{y}}. If the angle is supplied
+without \opt{mplabels} it is ignored after a warning. If the angle is
+absent, there is no rotation. Note that the rotation takes place after
+the placement and uses the given point as the center of rotation. For
+example, \oarg{cr} will place the text left of the point, while
+\oarg{cr180} will rotate it around to the right side of the point (and
+upsidedown, of course).
+
+There should be no spaces before, between, or after the first two
+characters. However the number, if present, is only required to be a
+valid \MP{} numerical expression containing no bracket characters; as
+such, it may contain some spaces (e.g., around operations as in
+\texttt{45 + 30}).
+
+A multiline \cs{tlabel} may be specified by explicit line breaks, which
+are indicated by the \bbsl{} command or the \cs{cr} command. This is a
+very rudimentary feature. By default it left justifies the lines and
+causes \cs{tlabel} to redefine \bbsl. One can center a line by putting
+\cs{hfil} as the first thing in the line, and right justify by putting
+\cs{hfill} there (these are \TeX{} primitives). Redefining \bbsl{} can
+interfere with \LaTeX's definition. For better control in \LaTeX{} use
+\cs{shortstack} inside the label (or a \env{tabular} environment or some
+other environment which always initializes \bbsl{} with its own
+definition).
+
+If the label goes beyond the bounds of the graph in any direction, the
+space reserved for the graph is expanded to make room for it. (Note:
+this behavior is very much different from that of the \LaTeX{}
+\env{picture} environment.)
+
+If the \opt{mplabels} option is in effect, \cs{tlabel} will write a
+\mfc{btex $\ldots$ etex} group to the output file, allowing \MP{} to
+arrange for typesetting the label. Normally, the label becomes part of
+the picture, rather than being laid on top of it, and can be covered up
+by any filling macros that follow, or clipped off by \cs{gclear} or
+\cs{gclip}. However, under the \opt{overlaylabels} option (or after the
+command \cs{overlaylabels}), labels are saved and added to the picture
+at the very end. This may prevent some special effects, but it makes the
+behavior of labels much more consistent through all the 12 permissable
+settings of the options \opt{metapost}, \opt{mplabels}, \opt{clip}, and
+\opt{truebbox}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{everytlabel}\marg{\meta{\TeX-code}}%
+\index{everytlabel@\cs{everytlabel}}
+\end{cd}
+
+One problem with multi-line \cs{tlabel}s is that each line of their
+contents constitutes a separate group. This makes it difficult to change
+the \cs{baselineskip} (for example) inside a label. The command
+\cs{everytlabel} saves it's contents in a token register and the code is
+issued in each \cs{tlabel}, as the last thing before the actual line(s)
+of text. Any switch you want to apply to every line can be supplied. For
+example
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{everytlabel}\marg{\cs{bf}\cs{baselineskip} 10pt}
+\end{ex}
+will make every line of every \cs{tlabel}'s text come out bold with 10
+point baselines. The effect of \cs{everytlabel} is local to the
+\env{mfpic} environment, if it is issued inside one. Note that the lines
+of a tlabel are wrapped in a box, but the commands of \cs{everytlabel}
+are outside all of them, so no actual text should be produced by these
+commands.
+
+Using \cs{tlabel} without an optional argument is equivalent to
+specifying \oarg{Bl}. Use the following command to change this
+behavior.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabeljustify}\marg{\meta{just}}%
+\index{tlabeljustify@\cs{tlabeljustify}}
+\end{cd}
+
+After this command the placement of all subsequent labels without
+optional argument will be as specified in this command. For example,
+\cs{tlabeljustify}\marg{cr45} would cause all subsequent \cs{tlabel}
+commands lacking an optional argument to be placed as if the argument
+\oarg{cr45} were used in each. If \opt{mplabels} is not in effect at the
+time of this command, the rotation part will be saved in case that
+option is turned on later, but a warning message will be issued. Without
+\opt{mplabels}, the rotation is ignored by \cs{tlabel} .
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabeloffset}\marg{\meta{hlen}}\marg{\meta{vlen}}\\
+\cs{tlabelsep}\marg{\meta{len}}%
+\index{tlabeloffset@\cs{tlabeloffset}}%
+\index{tlabelsep@\cs{tlabelsep}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The first command causes all subsequent \cs{tlabel} commands to shift
+the label right by \meta{hlen} and up by \meta{vlen} (negative lengths
+cause it to be shifted left and down, respectively).
+
+The \cs{tlabelsep} command causes labels to be shifted by the given
+amount in a direction that depends on the optional positioning
+parameter. For example, if the first letter is \texttt{t} the label is
+shifted down by the amount \meta{len} and if the second letter is
+\texttt{l} it is also shifted right. In all cases it is shifted \emph{away} from
+the point of placement (unless the dimension is negative). If \texttt{c} or
+\texttt{B} is the first parameter, no vertical shift takes place, and if
+\texttt{c} is the second, there is no horizontal shift. This is intended to
+be used in cases where something has been drawn at that particular
+point, in order to separate the text from the drawing, but the value is
+also written to the output file for use by \cs{tlabelrect}
+(subsection~\ref{surrounding}) and related
+commands.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{axislabels}\marg{\meta{axis}}\oarg{\meta{just}}%
+    \marg{\marg{\meta{text$_1$}}\meta{$n_1$},%
+    \marg{\meta{text$_2$}}\meta{$n_2$},$\ldots$}%
+\index{axislabels@\cs{axislabels}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This command places the given \TeX{} text (\meta{text$_k$}) at the given
+positions (\meta{$n_k$}) on the given axis, \meta{axis}, which must be a
+single letter and one of \texttt{l}, \texttt{b}, \texttt{r}, \texttt{t},
+\texttt{x}, or \texttt{y}. The text is placed as in \cs{tlabels}
+(including the taking into account of \cs{tlabelsep} and
+\cs{tlableoffset}), except that the default justification depends on the
+axis (the settings of \cs{tlabeljustify} are ignored). In the case of
+the border axes, the default is to place the label outside the axis and
+centered. So, for example, for the bottom axis it is \oarg{tc}. The
+defaults for the $x$- and $y$-axis are below and left, respectively. The
+optional \meta{just} can be used to change this. For example, to place
+the labels \emph{inside} the left border axis, use \oarg{cl}. If
+\opt{mplabels} is in effect, rotations can be included in the
+justification parameter. For example, to place the text strings
+`first', `second' and `third' just below the positions 1, 2 and 3
+on the $x$-axis, rotated so they read upwards at a 90 degree angle, one
+can use \cs{axislabels}\marg{x}\oarg{cr90}\marg{\marg{first}1,
+\marg{second}2, \marg{third}3}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{plottext}\oarg{\meta{just}}\marg{\meta{text}}\marg{($x_0$,$y_0$),
+ ($x_1$,$y_1$), $\ldots$}%
+\index{plottext@\cs{plottext}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Similar in effect to \cs{point} and \cs{plotsymbol} (but without
+requiring \MF), \cs{plottext} places a copy of \meta{text} at each of
+the listed points. It simply issues multiple \cs{tlabel} commands with
+the same text and optional parameter, but at the different points
+listed. This is intended to plot a set of points with a single letter or
+font symbol (instead of a \MF{} generated shape). Like \cs{axislabels},
+this does not respond to the setting of \cs{tlabeljustify}. It has a
+default setting of \oarg{cc} if the optional argument is omitted. The
+points may be MetaPost pair expressions under \opt{mplabels}, but they
+must \emph{not} be individually enclosed in braces. (This requirement is
+new with version 0.7; prior to that pairs in braces didn't work reliably
+anyway.) This command is actually unnecessary under \opt{mplabels} as
+the plain \cs{tlabel} command can then be given a list of points. The
+\cs{tlabel} command is more efficient, and \cs{plottext} is converted to
+it internally.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpverbtex}\marg{\meta{\TeX-cmds}}%
+\index{mfpverbtex@\cs{mfpverbtex}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This writes a \mfc{verbatimtex} block to the \file{.mp} file. It makes
+sense only if the \opt{mplabels} option is used and so only for \MP. The
+\meta{\TeX-cmds} in the argument are written to the \file{.mp} file,
+preceded by the \MP{} command \mfc{verbatimtex} and followed by
+\mfc{etex}. Line breaks within the \meta{\TeX-cmd} are preserved. The
+\cs{mfpverbtex} command must come before any \cs{tlabel} that is to be
+affected by it. Any settings common to all \env{mfpic} environments
+should be in a \cs{mfpverbtex} command preceding all such environments.
+It may be issued at any point after \mfp{} is loaded, and any number of
+times. If it issued before \cs{opengraphsfile}, its contents are saved
+and written by that command. Because of the way \MP{} handles
+\mfc{verbatimtex} material, the effects cannot be constrained by any
+grouping unless one places \TeX{} grouping commands within
+\meta{\TeX-cmds}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tcaption}\oarg{\meta{maxwd},\meta{linewd}}\marg{\meta{caption text}}%
+\index{tcaption@\cs{tcaption}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Places a \TeX{} caption at the bottom of the graph. (Not to be confused
+with \LaTeX's similar \cs{caption} command.) The macro will
+automatically break lines which are too much wider than the graph---if
+the \cs{tcaption} line exceeds \meta{maxwd} times the width of the
+graph, then lines will be broken to form lines at most \meta{linewd}
+times the width of the graph. The default settings for \meta{maxwd} and
+\meta{linewd} are 1.2 and 1.0, respectively. \cs{tcaption} typesets its
+argument twice (as does \LaTeX's \cs{caption}), the first time to test
+its width, the second time for real. Therefore, the user is advised
+\emph{not} to include any global assignments in the caption text.
+
+If the \cs{tcaption} and graph have different widths, the two are
+centered relative to each other. If the \cs{tcaption} takes multiple
+lines, then the lines are both left- and right-justified (except for the
+last line), but the first line is not indented. If the option
+\opt{centeredcaptions} is in effect, each line of the caption will be
+centered.
+
+In a \cs{tcaption}, Explicit line breaks may be specified by using the
+\bbsl{} command. The separation between the bottom of the picture and
+the caption can be changed by increasing or decreasing the skip
+\cs{mfpiccaptionskip}\index{mfpiccaptionskip@\cs{mfpiccaptionskip}}
+(a `rubber' length in Lamport's terminology).
+
+Many \mfp{} users find the \cs{tcaption} command too limiting (one
+cannot, for example, place the caption to the side of the figure). It is
+common to use some other method (such as \LaTeX's \cs{caption} command
+in a \env{figure} environment). The dimensions \cs{mfpicheight} and
+\cs{mfpicwidth} (see section~\ref{parameters}) might be a convenience
+for plain \TeX{} users who want to roll their own caption macros.
+
+\subsubsection{Curves surrounding text}\label{surrounding}
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabelrect}\oarg{\meta{rad}}\oarg{\meta{just}}%
+    \meta{pair}\marg{\meta{text}}\\
+\cs{tlabelrect*...}%
+\index{tlabelrect@\cs{tlabelrect}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This and the following two methods of surounding a bit of text with a
+curve share some common characteristics which will be described here.
+The commands all take an optional argument that can modify the shape of
+the curve. After that come arguments exactly as for the \cs{tlabel}
+command except that only a single point is permitted, not a list. (So
+\meta{pair} is either of the form \parg{\meta{x},\meta{y}} or the same
+enclosed in braces, or for \opt{mplabels} a pair expression in braces.)
+After processing the surrounding curve, a \cs{tlabel} is applied to
+those arguments unless a \texttt{*} is present. In order for the second
+optional argument to be recognized as the second, the first optional
+argument must also be present. An empty first optional argument is
+permitted, causing the default value to be used. The default for the
+justification parameter is \texttt{cc}, for compatibility with past
+\mfp{} versions in which these commands all centered the figure around
+the point and no justification parameter existed. This default can be
+changed with the \cs{tlpathjustify} command below.
+
+The plain rectangle version produces a frame separated from the text on
+all sides by the amount defined with \cs{tlabelsep}. All other versions
+produce the smallest described curve that contains this rectangle.
+
+These commands may be preceded by prefix macros (see the sections
+\ref{modifier}~and \ref{rendering}, above). They all have a
+`\texttt{*}-form' which produces the curve but omits placing the text.
+All have the effect of rendering the path \emph{before} placing any
+text. For example, \cs{gclear}\cs{tlabelrect}\dots\ will clear the
+rectangle and then place the following text in the cleared space.
+
+The optional argument of \cs{tlabelrect}, \meta{rad}, is a dimension,
+defaulting to \dim{0pt}, that produces rounded corners made from
+quarter-circles of the given radius. If the corners are rounded, the
+sides are expanded slightly so the resulting shape still encompasses the
+rectangle mentioned above. There is one special case for the optional
+argument \meta{rad}: if the keyword `\texttt{roundends}' is used instead
+of a dimension, the radius will be chosen to make the nearest quarter
+circles just meet, so the narrow side of the rectangle is a half circle.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabeloval}\oarg{\meta{mult}}\oarg{\meta{just}}%
+    \meta{pair}\marg{\meta{text}}\\
+\cs{tlabeloval*...}%
+\index{tlabeloval@\cs{tlabeloval}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This is similar to \cs{tlabelrect}, except it draws an ellipse. The
+ellipse is calculated to have the same ratio of width to height as the
+rectangle mentioned above. The optional \meta{mult} is a multiplier that
+increases or decreases this ratio. Values of \meta{mult} larger than 1
+increase the width and decrease the height.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabelellipse}\oarg{\meta{ratio}}\oarg{\meta{just}}%
+    \meta{pair}\marg{\meta{text}}\\
+\cs{tlabelellipse*...}\\
+\cs{tlabelcircle}\oarg{\meta{just}}\meta{pair}\marg{\meta{text}}\\
+\cs{tlabelcircle*...}%
+\index{tlabelellipse@\cs{tlabelellipse}}\index{tlabelcircle@\cs{tlabelcircle}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Draws the smallest ellipse centered at the point that encompasses the
+rectangle defined above, and that has a ratio of width to height equal
+to \meta{ratio} then places the text. The default ratio is $1$, which
+produces a circle. We also provide the command \cs{tlabelcircle}, which
+take only the \oarg{\meta{just}} optional argument. Internally, it just
+processes any \texttt{*} and calls \cs{tlabelellipse} with parameter 1.
+
+In the above \cs{tlabel...} curves, the optional parameter should be
+positive. If it is zero, all the curves silently revert to
+\cs{tlabelrect}. If it is negative, it is silently accepted. In the case
+of \cs{tlabelrect} this causes the quarter-circles at the corners to be
+indented rather than convex. In the other cases, there is no visible
+effect, but in all cases the sense of the curve is reversed.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlpathjustify}\marg{\meta{just}}
+\index{tlpathjustify@\cs{tlpathjustify}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This can be used to change the default justification for \cs{tlabelrect}
+and friends. The \meta{just} parameter is exactly as in
+\cs{tlabeljustify} in subsection~\ref{text}.
+
+
+\subsection{Saving and Reusing an \mfp{} Picture.}\label{saving}
+
+These commands have been changed from versions prior to 0.3.14 in order
+to behave more like the \LaTeX's \cs{savebox}, and also to allow the
+reuse of an allocated box. Past files that use \cs{savepic} will have to
+be edited to add \cs{newsavepic} commands that allocate the \TeX{}
+boxes.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{newsavepic}\marg{\meta{picname}}\\
+\cs{savepic}\marg{\meta{picname}}\\
+\cs{usepic}\marg{\meta{picname}}%
+\index{newsavepic@\cs{newsavepic}}%
+\index{savepic@\cs{savepic}}%
+\index{usepic@\cs{usepic}}
+\end{cd}
+
+\cs{newsavepic} allocates a box (like \LaTeX's \cs{newsavebox}) in which
+to save a picture. As in \cs{newsavebox}, \meta{picname} is a control
+sequence. Example: \cs{newsavepic}\marg{\cs{foo}}.
+
+\cs{savepic} saves the \emph{next} \cs{mfpic} picture in the named box,
+which should have been previously allocated with \cs{newsavepic}. (This
+command should not be used \emph{inside} an \env{mfpic} environment.)
+The next picture will not be placed, but saved in the box for later use.
+This is primarily intended as a convenience. One \emph{could} use
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{savebox}\marg{\meta{picname}}\marg{\meta{entire \env{mfpic} environment}},
+\end{ex}
+but \cs{savepic} avoids having to place the \env{mfpic} environment in
+braces, and avoids one extra level of \TeX{} grouping. It also avoids
+reading the entire \env{mfpic} environment as a parameter, which would
+nullify \mfp's efforts to preserve line breaks in parameters
+written to the \MF{} output file. If you repeat \cs{savepic} with the
+same \meta{picname}, the old contents are replaced with the next
+picture.
+
+\cs{usepic} copies the picture that had been saved in the named box.
+This may be repeated as often as liked to create multiple copies of one
+picture.
+
+
+\subsection{Picture frames.}\label{frames}
+
+When \TeX{} is run but before \MF{} or \MP{} has been run on the output
+file, \mfp{} detects that the \file{.tfm} file is missing or that
+the first \MP{} figure file \file{\meta{file}.1} is missing. In these
+cases, the \env{mfpic} environment draws only a rectangular frame with
+dimensions equal to the nominal size of the picture, containing the
+figure name and number (and any \TeX{} labels). The command(s) used
+internally to do this are made available to the user.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpframe}\oarg{\meta{fsep}}%
+    \meta{ material-to-be-framed }%
+\cs{endmfpframe}\\
+\cs{mfpframed}\oarg{\meta{fsep}}\marg{\meta{material-to-be-framed}}%
+\index{mfpframed@\cs{mfpframed}}%
+\index{endmfpframe@\cs{endmfpframe}}%
+\index{mfpframe@\cs{mfpframe}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These surround their contents with a rectangular frame consisting of
+lines with thickness \cs{mfpframethickness} separated from the contents
+by the \meta{fsep} if specified, otherwise by the value of the dimension
+\cs{mfpframesep}. The default value of the \TeX{} dimensions
+\cs{mfpframesep} and \cs{mfpframethickness} are \dim{2pt} and
+\dim{0.4pt}, respectively. The \cs{mfpframe} $\ldots$ \cs{endmfpframe}
+version is preferred around \env{mfpic} environments or verbatim
+material since it avoids reading the enclosed material before
+appropriate \cs{catcode} changes go into effect. In \LaTeX, one can also
+use the \cs{begin}\marg{mfpframe} $\ldots$ \cs{end}\marg{mfpframe}
+syntax.
+
+An alternative way to frame \env{mfpic} pictures is to save them with
+\cs{savepic} (see previous section) and issue a corresponding
+\cs{usepic} command inside any framing environment/command of the user's
+choice or devising.
+
+
+\subsection{Affine Transforms.}\label{transforms}
+
+Coordinate transformations that keep parallel lines in parallel are
+called \emph{affine transforms}.  These include translation, rotation,
+reflection, scaling and skewing (slanting). For the \MF{} coordinate
+system only---that is, for paths, but not for \cs{tlabel}'s (let alone
+\cs{tcaption}'s)---\mfp{} provides the ability to apply \MF{}
+affine transforms.
+
+
+\subsubsection{Affine Transforms of the \MF{} Coordinate
+System.}\label{affine}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{coords} $\ldots$
+\cs{endcoords}%
+\index{coords@\cs{coords}}%
+\index{endcoords@\cs{endcoords}}
+\end{cd}
+
+All affine transforms are restricted to the innermost enclosing
+\cs{coords}$\ldots$\cs{endcoords} pair.  If there is \emph{no} such
+enclosure, then the transforms will apply to the rest of the \env{mfpic}
+environment
+
+\emph{Note}:  In \LaTeX, a \env{coords} environment may be used.
+
+\medskip
+Transforms provided by \mfp.
+
+\medskip
+\halign
+{#\hfil&\quad#\hfil\cr
+  \cs{rotate}\marg{\meta{$\theta$}}%
+    \index{rotate@\cs{rotate}}%
+    & Rotates around origin by \meta{$\theta$} degrees  \cr
+  \cs{rotatearound}\marg{\meta{point}}\marg{\meta{$\theta$}}%
+    \index{rotatearound@\cs{rotatearound}}%
+    & Rotates around point \meta{point} by \meta{$\theta$} degrees  \cr
+  \cs{turn}\oarg{\meta{point}}\marg{\meta{$\theta$}}%
+    \index{turn@\cs{turn}}%
+    & Rotates around point \meta{point} (origin is default) by
+    \meta{$\theta$} \cr
+  \cs{mirror}\marg{\meta{$p_1$}}\marg{\meta{$p_2$}}%
+    \index{mirror@\cs{mirror}}%
+    & Same as \cs{reflectabout}\cr
+  \cs{reflectabout}\marg{\meta{$p_1$}}\marg{\meta{$p_1$}}%
+    \index{reflectabout@\cs{reflectabout}}%
+    & Reflect about the line \meta{$p_1$}\texttt{--}\meta{$p_2$}  \cr
+  \cs{shift}\marg{\meta{pair}}%
+    \index{shift@\cs{shift}}%
+    & Shifts origin by the vector \meta{pair}  \cr
+  \cs{scale}\marg{\meta{s}}%
+    \index{scale@\cs{scale}}%
+    & Scales uniformly by a factor of \meta{s}  \cr
+  \cs{xscale}\marg{\meta{s}}%
+    \index{xscale@\cs{xscale}}%
+    & Scales only the X coordinates by a factor of \meta{s}  \cr
+  \cs{yscale}\marg{\meta{s}}%
+    \index{yscale@\cs{yscale}}%
+    & Scales only the Y coordinates by a factor of \meta{s}  \cr
+  \cs{zscale}\marg{\meta{pair}}%
+    \index{zscale@\cs{zscale}}%
+    & Scales uniformly by magnitude of \meta{pair}, and rotates by angle
+        of \meta{pair}  \cr
+  \cs{xslant}\marg{\meta{s}}%
+    \index{xslant@\cs{xslant}}%
+    & Skew in $X$ direction by the multiple \meta{s} of $Y$  \cr
+  \cs{yslant}\marg{\meta{s}}%
+    \index{yslant@\cs{yslant}}%
+    & Skew in $Y$ direction by the multiple \meta{s} of $X$  \cr
+  \cs{zslant}\marg{\meta{pair}}%
+    \index{zslant@\cs{zslant}}%
+    & See \mfc{zslanted} in \file{grafdoc.tex}  \cr
+  \cs{boost}\marg{\meta{$\chi$}}%
+    \index{boost@\cs{boost}}%
+    & Special relativity boost by $\chi$, see \mfc{boost} in
+        \file{grafdoc.tex}  \cr
+  \cs{xyswap}%
+    \index{xyswap@\cs{xyswap}}%
+    & Exchanges the values of $x$ and $y$.  \cr}%
+
+An arbitrary \MF{} transformation can be implemented with
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{applyT}\marg{\meta{transformer}}%
+\index{applyT@\cs{applyT}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This is mainly for \MF{} hackers. This applies the \MF{}
+\meta{transformer} to the current coordinate system. For example, the
+\mfp{} \TeX{} macro \cs{zslant\#1} is implemented as
+\cs{applyT}\marg{zslanted \#1} where the argument \mfc{\#1} is a \MF{}
+pair, such as $(x,y)$. Any code that satisfies \MF's syntax for a
+\meta{transformer} (see D.~E.~Knuth, ``The \MF book'') is permitted,
+although no effort is made to correctly write \TeX{} special characters
+nor to preserve linebreaks in the code.
+
+When any of these commands is issued, the effect is to transform all
+subsequent figures (within the enclosing \env{coords} or \env{mfpic}
+environment). In particular, attention may need to be paid to whether
+these transformations move (part of) the figure outside the space
+allotted by the \cs{mfpic} command parameters.
+
+A not-so-obvious point is that if several of these transformations are
+applied in succession, then the most recent is applied first, so that
+figures are transformed as if the transformations were applied in the
+reverse order of their occurrence. This is similar to the application of
+prefix macros (as well as application of transformations in mathematics:
+$T_1 T_2 z$ usually means to apply $T_1$ to the result of $T_2 z$).
+
+
+\subsubsection{Transformation of Paths.}\label{transformation}
+
+In the previous section we discussed transformations of the \MF{}
+coordinate system. Those macros affect the \emph{drawing} of paths and
+other figures, but do not change the actual paths. We will explain the
+distinction after introducing two macros for storing and reusing
+figures.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{store}\marg{\meta{path variable}}\marg{\meta{path}}\\
+\cs{store}\marg{\meta{path variable}}\meta{path}%
+\index{store@\cs{store}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This stores the following \meta{path} in the specified \MF{} \meta{path
+variable}. Any valid \MF{} symbolic token will do, in particular, any
+sequence of letters or underscores. You should be careful to make the
+name distinctive to avoid overwriting the definition of some internal
+variable. The stored path may later be used as a figure macro
+using \cs{mfobj} (below). The \meta{path} may be any of the figure
+macros (such as \cs{curve}\marg{(0,0),(1,0),(1,1)}) or the result of
+modifying it. For example.
+
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{store}\marg{pth}\cs{lclosed}\cs{reverse}%
+    \cs{curve}\marg{(0,0),(1,0),(1,1)})
+\end{ex}
+
+In fact, \cs{store} is a prefix macro that does nothing to the following
+curve except store it. It acts as a rendering macro with a null
+rendering, so the curve is not made visible unless other rendering
+macros appear before or after it. It is special in that it is the only
+prefix macro that allows the following path to be an argument, that is,
+enclosed in braces. This is solely to support past \mfp{} versions in
+which \cs{store} was \emph{not} defined as a prefix macro.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfobj}\marg{\meta{path expression}}\\
+\cs{mpobj}\marg{\meta{path expression}}%
+\index{mfobj@\cs{mfobj}}\index{mpobj@\cs{mpobj}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The \meta{path expression} is a previously stored path variable, or a
+valid \MF{} (or \MP) expression combining such variables and/or constant
+paths. This allows the use of path variables or expressions as figure
+macros, permitting all prefix operations, etc.. Here's some
+oversimplified uses of \cs{store} and \cs{mfobj}:
+
+\nobreak
+\begin{verbatim}
+\store{my_f}{\circle{...}}              % Store a circle.
+\dotted\mfobj{my_f}                     % Now draw it dotted,
+\hatch\mfobj{my_f}                      % and hatch its interior
+% Store two curves:
+\store{my_f}{\curve{...}}
+\store{my_g}{\curve{...}}
+% Store two combinations of them:
+\store{my_h}{\mfobj{my_f--my_g--cycle}} % a MF path expression
+\store{my_k}{%
+  \lclosed\connect                      % a combination path created from
+  \mfobj{my_f}\mfobj{my_g}              %   mfpic commands.
+  \endconnect}
+\dotted\mfobj{my_f}                     % Draw the first dotted,
+\dotted\mfobj{my_g}                     % then the second.
+\shade\mfobj{my_h}                      % Now shade one combination.
+\hatch\mfobj{my_k}                      % and hatch the other
+\end{verbatim}
+The two forms \cs{mfobj} and \cs{mpobj} are absolutely equivalent.
+
+It should be noted that every \mfp{} figure is implicitly stored in the
+object \gbc{curpath}. So you can use \cs{mfobj}\marg{curpath} and get
+the path defined by the most recent sequence of prefix macros and
+figure.
+
+Getting back to coordinate transforms, if one changes the coordinate
+system and then stores and draws a curve, say by
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \coords
+    \rotate{45 deg}
+    \store{xx}{\rect{(0,0),(1,1)}}
+    \dashed\mfobj{xx}
+  \endcoords
+\end{verbatim}
+one will get a transformed picture, but the object \cs{mfobj}\marg{xx}
+will contain the simple, unrotated rectangular path and drawing it later
+(outside the \env{coords} environment) will prove that. This is because
+the \texttt{coords} environment works at the drawing level, not at the
+definition level. In oversimplified terms, \cs{dashed} invokes the
+transformation, but not \cs{store}. More precisely, \mfp{} prefix macros
+have an input and an output and a side effect. The input is the output
+of whatever follows it, the output can be the same as the input (the
+case for rendering prefixes) or modified version of that (the closure
+prefixes). The side effect is the drawing (dashing, filling) of the path,
+appending of an arrowhead, etc.. These side effects have to know where
+to place their marks, so a computation is invoked that converts the
+user's graph coordinates into \MF's drawing coordinates. The previous
+transformation macros work by modifying the parameters used in this
+computation.
+
+The following transformation prefixes provide a means of actually
+creating and storing a transformed path. In the terms just discussed,
+their input is a path, their output is the transformed path, and they
+have no side effects (other than invoking the default rendering if no
+rendering prefix was previously provided).
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{rotatepath}\marg{(\meta{x},\meta{y}),\meta{$\theta$}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{shiftpath}\marg{(\meta{dx},\meta{dy})}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{scalepath}\marg{(\meta{x},\meta{y}),\meta{s}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{xscalepath}\marg{\meta{x},\meta{s}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{yscalepath}\marg{\meta{y},\meta{s}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{slantpath}\marg{\meta{y},\meta{s}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{xslantpath}\marg{\meta{y},\meta{s}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{yslantpath}\marg{\meta{x},\meta{s}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{reflectpath}\marg{\meta{$p_1$},\meta{$p_2$}}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{xyswappath}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{transformpath}\marg{\meta{transformer}}$\ldots$
+\index{rotatepath@\cs{rotatepath}}\index{shiftpath@\cs{shiftpath}}%
+\index{scalepath@\cs{scalepath}}\index{xscalepath@\cs{xscalepath}}%
+\index{yscalepath@\cs{yscalepath}}\index{slantpath@\cs{slantpath}}%
+\index{xslantpath@\cs{xslantpath}}\index{yslantpath@\cs{yslantpath}}%
+\index{reflectpath@\cs{reflectpath}}\index{xyswappath@\cs{xyswappath}}%
+\index{transformpath@\cs{transformpath}}
+\end{cd}
+
+\cs{rotatepath} rotates the following path by \meta{$\theta$} degrees
+about point \mfc{(\meta{x},\meta{y})}. After the commands:
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{store}\marg{xx}\marg{\cs{rotatepath}\marg{(0,0), 45}%
+    \cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}}
+\end{ex}
+the object \cs{mfobj}\marg{xx} contains an actual rotated rectangle, as
+drawing it will prove. The above macro, and the five that follow are
+extremely useful (and better than \env{coords} environments) if one
+needs to draw a figure, together with many slightly different versions
+of it.
+
+\cs{shiftpath} shifts the following path by the horizontal amount
+\meta{dx} and the vertical amount \meta{dy}.
+
+\cs{scalepath} scales (magnifies or shrinks) the following path by the
+factor \meta{s}, in such a way that the point \parg{\meta{x},\meta{y}}
+is kept fixed. That is
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{scalepath}\marg{(0,0),2}\cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}
+\end{ex}
+is essentially the same as \cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(2,2)}, while
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{scalepath}\marg{(1,1),2}\cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}
+\end{ex}
+is the same as \cs{rect}\marg{(-1,-1),(1,1)}. In both cases the
+rectangle is doubled in size. In the first case the lower left corner
+stays the same, while in the second case the the upper right corner
+stays the same.
+
+\cs{xscalepath} is similar to \cs{scalepath}, but only the $x$-direction
+is scaled, and all points with first coordinate equal to \meta{x} remain
+fixed. \cs{yscalepath} is similar, except the $y$-direction is affected.
+
+\cs{slantpath} applies a slant transformation to the following path,
+keeping points with second coordinate equal to \meta{y} fixed. That is,
+a point $p$ on the path is moved right by an amount proportional to the
+height of $p$ above the line $y={}$\meta{y}, with $s$ being the
+proportionality factor. Vertical lines in the path will acquire a slope
+of $1/s$, while horizontal lines stay horizontal.
+
+\cs{xslantpath} is an alias for \cs{slantpath}
+
+\cs{yslantpath} is similar to \cs{xslantpath}, but exchanges the roles
+of $x$ and $y$ coordinates.
+
+\cs{reflectpath} returns the mirror image of the following path, where
+the line determined by the points \meta{$p_1$} and \meta{$p_2$} is the
+mirror.
+
+\cs{xyswappath} returns the path with the roles of $x$ and $y$
+exchanged. This is similar in some respects to
+\cs{reflectpath}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}, and produces the same result if the
+$x$ and $y$ scales of the picture are the same. However,
+\cs{reflectpath} compensates for such different scales (so the path
+shape remains the same), while \cs{xyswappath} does not (so that after a
+swap, verticals become horizontal and horizontals become vertical). One
+cannot have both when the scales are different.
+
+For \MF{} or \MP{} power users, \cs{transformpath} can take any
+`transformer' and transform the following path with it. Here, a
+\emph{transformer} is anything that can follow a path  and create a new
+path. Examples are \mfc{scaled}, \mfc{shifted (1,1)}, and \mfc{rotatedabout
+(0,1)}.
+
+All these prefixes change only the path that follows, not any rendering
+of it that follows. For example:
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{gfill}\cs{rotatepath}\marg{(0,0),90}\cs{dashed}%
+    \cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}
+\end{ex}
+will not produce a rotated dashed rectangle. Rather the original
+rectangle will be dashed, and the rotated rectangle will be filled.
+
+
+\subsection{Parameters.}\label{parameters}
+
+There are many parameters in \mfp{} which the user can modify to
+obtain different effects, such as different arrowhead size or shape.
+Most of these parameters have been described already in the context of
+macros they modify, but they are all described together here.
+
+Many of the parameters are stored by \TeX{} as dimensions, and so are
+available even if there is no \MF{} file open; changes to them are not
+subject to the usual \TeX{} rules of scope however: they are local to
+\TeX{} groups only if set inside an \env{mfpic} environment otherwise
+they are global. This is for consistency: other parameters are stored by
+\MF{} (so the macros to change them will have no effect unless a \MF{}
+file is open) and the changes are subject to \MF's rules of scope---to
+the \mfp{} user, this means that changes inside the \cs{mfpic} $\ldots$
+\cs{endmfpic} environment are local to that environment, but other
+\TeX{} groupings have no effect on scope. Some commands (notably those
+that set the axismargins and \cs{tlabel} parameters) change both \TeX{}
+parameters and \MF{} parameters, and it is important to keep then
+consistent.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpicunit}%
+\index{mfpicunit@\cs{mfpicunit}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension stores the basic unit length for \mfp{}
+pictures---the $x$ and $y$ scales in the \cs{mfpic} macro are multiples
+of this unit. The default value is \dim{1pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{pointsize}%
+\index{pointsize@\cs{pointsize}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension stores the diameter of the circle drawn by the
+\cs{point} macro and the diameter of the symbols drawn by
+\cs{plotsymbol} and by \cs{plot}. The default value is \dim{2pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{pointfilltrue} and \cs{pointfillfalse}%
+\index{pointfilltrue@\cs{pointfilltrue}}%
+\index{pointfillfalse@\cs{pointfillfalse}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} boolean switch determines whether the circle drawn by
+\cs{point} will be filled or open (outline drawn, inside erased).
+The default is \texttt{true}: filled. This value is local to any \TeX{}
+group inside an \env{mfpic} environment. Outside such it is global.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{pen}\marg{\meta{drawpensize}}\\
+\cs{drawpen}\marg{\meta{drawpensize}}\\
+\cs{penwd}\marg{\meta{drawpensize}}%
+\index{pen@\cs{pen}}%
+\index{drawpen@\cs{drawpen}}%
+\index{penwd@\cs{penwd}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Establishes the width of the normal drawing pen. The default is
+\dim{0.5pt}. This width is stored by \MF. The shading dots and hatching
+pen are unaffected by this. There exist three aliases for this command,
+the first two to maintain backward compatibility, the last one for
+consistency with other dimension changing commands. Publishers generally
+recommended authors to use at least a width of one-half point for
+drawings submitted for publication.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{shadewd}\marg{\meta{dotdiam}}%
+\index{shadewd@\cs{shadewd}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Sets the diameter of the dots used in the shading macro. The drawing and
+hatching pens are unaffected by this. The default is \dim{0.5pt}, and
+the value is stored by \MF.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{hatchwd}\marg{\meta{hatchpensize}}%
+\index{hatchwd@\cs{hatchwd}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Sets the line thickness used in the hatching macros. The drawing pen and
+shading dots are unaffected by this. The default is \dim{0.5pt}, and the
+value is stored by \MF.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{polkadotwd}\marg{\meta{polkadotdiam}}%
+\index{polkadotwd@\cs{polkadotwd}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Sets the diameter of the dots used in the \cs{polkadot} macro. The
+default is \dim{5pt}, and the value is stored by \MF.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{headlen}%
+\index{headlen@\cs{headlen}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension stores the length of the arrowhead drawn by
+the \cs{arrow} macro. The default value is \dim{3pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{axisheadlen}%
+\index{axisheadlen@\cs{axisheadlen}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension stores the length of the arrowhead drawn by the
+\cs{axes}, \cs{xaxis} and \cs{yaxis} macros, and by the macros \cs{axis}
+and \cs{doaxes} when applied to the parameters \texttt{x} and \texttt{y}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{sideheadlen}%
+\index{sideheadlen@\cs{sideheadlen}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension stores the length of the arrowhead drawn by the
+\cs{axis} and \cs{doaxes} macros when applied to \texttt{l}, \texttt{b},
+\texttt{r} or \texttt{t}. The default value is \dim{0pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{headshape}\marg{\meta{hdwdr}}\marg{\meta{hdten}}\marg{\meta{hfilled}}%
+\index{headshape@\cs{headshape}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Establishes the shape of the arrowhead drawn by the \cs{arrow} and
+\cs{axes} macros. The value of \meta{hdwdr} is the ratio of the width of
+the arrowhead to its length; \meta{hdten} is the tension of the B\'ezier
+curves; and \meta{hfilled} is a \MF{} boolean value indicating whether
+the arrowheads are to be filled (if \mfc{true}) or open. The default
+values are $1$, $1$, \mfc{false}, respectively. The \meta{hdwdr},
+\meta{hdten} and \meta{hfilled} values are stored by \MF. Setting
+\meta{hdten} to `\mfc{infinity}' will make the sides of the arrowheads
+straight lines. These values are all stored by \MF.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{dashlen}, \cs{dashspace}%
+\index{dashlen@\cs{dashlen}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These \TeX{} dimensions store, respectively, the length of dashes and
+the length of spaces between dashes, for lines drawn by the \cs{dashed}
+macro. The \cs{dashed} macro may adjust the dashes and the spaces
+between by as much as $1\over{n}$ of their value, where $n$ is the
+number of spaces appearing in the curve, in order not to have partial
+dashes at the ends. The default values are both \dim{4pt}. The dashes
+will actually be longer (and the spaces shorter) by the thickness of the
+pen used when they are drawn.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{dashlineset},
+\cs{dotlineset}%
+\index{dashlineset@\cs{dashlineset}}%
+\index{dotlineset@\cs{dotlineset}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These macros provide convenient standard settings for the \cs{dashlen}
+and \cs{dashspace} dimensions. The macro \cs{dashlineset} sets both
+values to \dim{4pt}; the macro \cs{dotlineset} sets \cs{dashlen} to
+\dim{1pt} and \cs{dashspace} to \dim{2pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{hashlen}%
+\index{hashlen@\cs{hashlen}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension stores the length of the axis hash marks drawn by
+the \cs{xmarks} and \cs{ymarks} macros. The default value is \dim{4pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{shadespace}%
+\index{shadespace@\cs{shadespace}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension establishes the spacing between dots drawn by the
+\cs{shade} macro. The default value is \dim{1pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{darkershade},
+\cs{lightershade}%
+\index{darkershade@\cs{darkershade}}%
+\index{lightershade@\cs{lightershade}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These macros both multiply the \cs{shadespace} dimension by constant
+factors, $5/6=.833333$ and $6/5=1.2$ respectively, to provide convenient
+standard settings for several levels of shading.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{polkadotspace}%
+\index{polkadotspace@\cs{polkadotspace}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension establishes the spacing between the centers of the
+dots used in the macro \cs{polkadot}. The default is \dim{10pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{dotsize}, \index{dotspace@\cs{dotspace}}\cs{dotspace}%
+\index{dotsize@\cs{dotsize}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These \TeX{} dimensions establishes the size and spacing between the
+centers of the dots used in the \cs{dotted} macro. The defaults are
+\dim{0.5pt} and \dim{3pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{symbolspace}%
+\index{symbolspace@\cs{symbolspace}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Similar to \cs{dotspace}, this \TeX{} dimension establishes the space
+between symbols placed by the macro
+\cs{plot}\marg{\meta{symbol}}$\ldots\,$. Its default is \dim{5pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{hatchspace}%
+\index{hatchspace@\cs{hatchspace}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This \TeX{} dimension establishes the spacing between lines drawn by the
+\cs{hatch} macro. The default value is \dim{3pt}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabelsep}\marg{\meta{separation}}%
+\index{tlabelsep@\cs{tlabelsep}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This macro establishes the separation between a label and its nominal
+position. It affects text written with any of the commands \cs{tlabel},
+\cs{tlabels}, \cs{axislabels} or \cs{plottext}. It also sets the
+separation between the text and the curve defined by the commands
+\cs{tlabelrect}, \cs{tlabeloval} or \cs{tlabelellipse}. The default is
+\dim{0pt}. The value is stored by both \TeX{} and \MF.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tlabeloffset}\marg{\meta{hlen}}\marg{\meta{vlen}}%
+\index{tlabeloffset@\cs{tlabeloffset}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This macro establishes a uniform offset that applies to all labels. It
+affects text written with any of the commands \cs{tlabel}, \cs{tlabels},
+\cs{axislabels} or \cs{plottext}. The default is to have both horizontal
+and vertical offsets of \dim{0pt}. The values are stored by both \TeX{}
+and \MF.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpdataperline}%
+\index{mfpdataperline@\cs{mfpdataperline}}
+\end{cd}
+
+When \mfp{} is reading data from files and writing it to the
+output file, this macro stores the maximum number of points that will be
+written on a single line in the output file. Its default is defined by
+\cs{def}\cs{mfpdataperline}\marg{5}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpicheight},
+\cs{mfpicwidth}%
+\index{mfpicheight@\cs{mfpicheight}}%
+\index{mfpicwidth@\cs{mfpicwidth}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These \TeX{} dimensions store the height and width of the figure created
+by the most recently completed \env{mfpic} environment. This might
+perhaps be of interest to hackers or to aid in precise positioning of
+the graphics. They are meant to be read-only: the \cs{endmfpic} command
+globally sets them equal to the height and width of the picture. But
+\mfp{} does not otherwise make any use of them.
+
+
+\subsection{For Advanced Users.}\label{advanced}
+
+\subsubsection{Power Users.}\label{power}
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{qspline}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+\cs{closedqspline}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+\cs{cspline}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+\cs{closedcspline}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+\index{qspline@\cs{qspline}}%
+\index{closedqspline@\cs{closedqspline}}%
+\index{cspline@\cs{cspline}}%
+\index{closedcspline@\cs{closedcspline}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+These are alternate ways of defining curves. In each case, \meta{list}
+is a comma separated list of points. These represent not the points the
+curve passes through, but the \emph{control points}. The first two
+produce quadratic B-splines and the last two produce cubic B-splines. If
+you don't know what B-splines are, or don't know what control points
+are, it is recommended you not use these commands.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{cbclosed}$\ldots$\\
+\cs{qbclosed}$\ldots$%
+\index{cbclosed@\cs{cbclosed}}%
+\index{qbclosed@\cs{qbclosed}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These are prefix macros for closing curves. The first closes with a
+cubic B-spline, the second with a quadratic B-spline. They will close
+any given curve, but the command \cs{cbclosed} is meant to close a cubic
+B-spline (see above). That is, \cs{cbclosed}\cs{cspline} should produce
+the same result as \cs{closedcspline} with the same argument. The
+corresponding statements are true of \cs{qbclosed}: it is meant to close
+a quadratic B-spline and \cs{qbclosed}\cs{qspline} should produce the
+same result as \cs{closedqspline} with the same argument.
+
+The power user, having noticed that \cs{curve} and \cs{cyclic} insert
+some direction modifiers into the path created, may have decided that
+there is no \mfp{} command to create a simple \MF{} default style path,
+for example \mfc{(1,1)..(0,1)..(0,0)..cycle}. If so, he or she has forgotten
+about \cs{mfobj}: the command
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \mfobj{(1,1)..(0,1)..(0,0)..cycle}
+\end{verbatim}
+will produce, in the \file{.mf} file, exactly this path, but surround it
+with the \TeX{} wrapping needed to make \mfp's prefix macro system work.
+However, the syntax of more complicated paths can be extremely lengthy,
+so we offer this interface:
+
+\begin{cd}
+  \cs{mfbezier}\oarg{\meta{tens}}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+  \cs{closedmfbezier}\oarg{\meta{tens}}\marg{\meta{list}}%
+\index{mfbezier@\cs{mfbezier}}
+\index{closedmfbezier@\cs{closedmfbezier}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This connects the points in the list with the path join operator
+\mfc{..tension \meta{tens}..}. If the tension option \oarg{\meta{tens}}
+is omitted, the value set by \cs{settension} (initially 1) is used. One
+can get a cyclic path by prepending \cs{bclosed} (with matching tension
+option), but it will not produce the same result as \cs{closedmfbezier}.
+These are cubic B\'ezier's (but you know that if you are a power user).
+Quadratic B\'eziers (as in \LaTeX's picture environment) can be
+obtained with the following:
+
+\begin{cd}
+  \cs{qbeziers}\oarg{\meta{tens}}\marg{\meta{list}}\\
+  \cs{closedqbeziers}\oarg{\meta{tens}}\marg{\meta{list}}%
+\index{qbeziers@\cs{qbeziers}}
+\index{closedqbeziers@\cs{closedqbeziers}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Note the plural, to indicate that they will draw a series of quadratic
+B\'eziers. In the \meta{list}, the first, third, fifth, etc., are the
+points to connect, while the second, fourth, etc., are the control
+points. The open version requires an ending point, and so needs an odd
+number of points in the list. The closed version assumes the first point
+is the ending, and so requires an even number in the list. The curve
+will not automatically be smooth. That depends on the choice of the
+control points.
+
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfsrc}\marg{\meta{metafont code}}\\
+\cs{mfcmd}\marg{\meta{metafont code}}\\
+\cs{mflist}\marg{\meta{metafont code}}%
+\index{mfsrc@\cs{mfsrc}}%
+\index{mfcmd@\cs{mfcmd}}%
+\index{mflist@\cs{mflist}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+These all write the \meta{metafont code} directly to the \MF{} file,
+using a \TeX{} \cs{write} command. Line breaks within \meta{metafont
+code} are preserved.%
+    \footnote{Under most circumstances, but not if the command (plus its
+    argument) is part of another macro} %
+Almost all the \mfp{} drawing macros invoke one of these. Because of the
+way \TeX{} reads and processes macro arguments, not all drawing macros
+preserve line breaks (nor do they all need to). However, the ones that
+operate on long lists of pair or numeric data (for example, \cs{point},
+\cs{curve}, etc.), do preserve line breaks in that data. The difference
+in these is minor: \cs{mfsrc} writes its argument without change,
+\cs{mfcmd} appends a semicolon (`\mfc{;}') to the code, while
+\cs{mflist} surrounds its argument with parentheses and then appends a
+semicolon.
+
+Using these can have some rather bizarre consequences, though, so
+it is not recommended to the unwary. It is, however, currently the
+only way to make use of \MF's equation solving ability. Here's an
+oversimplified example:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+\mfpic[20]{-0.5}{1.5}{0}{1.5}
+\mfsrc{z1=(0,0);
+  z2-z3=(1,2);
+  z2+2z3=(1,-1);}       % z2=(1,1), z3=(0,-1)
+\arc[t]{z1,z2,z3}
+\endmfpic
+\end{verbatim}
+
+Check out the sample \file{forfun.tex} for a more realistic example.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{setmfvariable}\marg{\meta{type}}\marg{\meta{name}}\marg{\meta{value}}\\
+\cs{setmpvariable}\marg{\meta{type}}\marg{\meta{name}}\marg{\meta{value}}%
+\index{setmfvariable@\cs{setmfvariable}}
+\index{setmpvariable@\cs{setmpvariable}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These formerly internal \mfp{} macros can be use to define symbolic
+names for any \MF{} or \MP{} variable type. They are interchangeable;
+you can use either one with or without the \opt{metapost} option.
+As an example of their use, since dimensions are numeric data types in
+\MF, the command
+\begin{ex}
+ \cs{setmfvariable}\marg{numeric}\verb${my_dim}$\marg{7pt}
+\end{ex}
+would set the \MF{} variable \verb$my_dim$ to the value \texttt{7pt}.
+After that, \verb$my_dim$ can be used in any \emph{drawing} command
+where a dimension is required:
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{plotsymbol}\verb$[my_dim]$\marg{Triangle}\cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}
+\end{ex}
+will plot the rectangle with small triangles spaced \dim{7pt} apart.
+
+You can define paths this way
+(\cs{setmfvariable}\marg{path}\marg{X}\marg{(0,0)..(1,1)..(0,1)}), but
+the \meta{value} has to be valid \MF{} path construction syntax,
+\emph{not} something like \cs{rect}\marg{$\ldots$}. You need \cs{store}
+if you want to set a variable to an \mfp{} path. However, defined either
+way, they can be used in \cs{mfobj}.
+
+A variable defined this way is local to the \env{mfpic} environment it
+is contained in. It is in fact local to any \MF{} group. In \mfp, only
+\cs{connect} {\dots} \cs{endconnect} and \cs{mfpic} {\dots}
+\cs{endmfpic} create \MF{} groups in the graph file.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{noship}\\%
+\cs{stopshipping}\\%
+\cs{resumeshipping}\\%
+\index{noship@\cs{noship}}
+\index{stopshipping@\cs{stopshipping}}
+\index{resumeshipping@\cs{resumeshipping}}
+\end{cd}
+
+\cs{stopshipping} turns off character shipping (by \MF{} to the TFM and
+GF files, or by \MP{} to appropriate \EPS{} output file) until
+\cs{resumeshipping} occurs. If you want just one character not shipped,
+just use \cs{noship} inside the mfpic environment. This is useful if all
+one wishes to do in the current \env{mfpic} environment is to make
+\emph{tiles} (see below).
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{patharr}\marg{\meta{pv}}$\ldots$\cs{endpatharr}%
+\index{patharr@\cs{patharr}}\index{endpatharr@\cs{endpatharr}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This pair of macros, acting as an environment, accumulate all enclosing
+paths, in order, into a path array named \meta{pv}. A path array is a
+collection of paths with a common base name indexed by integers from 1
+to the number of paths.  Any path in the array can be accessed by means
+of \cs{mfobj}. For example, after
+\begin{verbatim}
+\patharr{pa}
+  \rect{(0,0),(1,1)} \circle{(.5,.5), .5}
+\endpatharr
+\end{verbatim}
+then \cs{mfobj}\marg{pa[1]} refers to the rectangle and
+\cs{mfobj}\marg{pa[2]} refers to the circle. In case explicit numbers
+are used, \MF{} allows \gbc{pa1} as an abbreviation for \gbc{pa[1]}.
+However, if a numeric variable or some expression is used (e.g.,
+\gbc{pa[n+1]}) the square brackets are required.
+
+This command can only be used in an \env{mfpic} environment. The
+definitions it makes are, however, global.
+
+\emph{Note}: In \LaTeX, this pair of macros can be used in the form of a
+\LaTeX-style environment called \env{patharr}---as in
+\cs{begin}\marg{patharr}$\ldots$\cs{end}\marg{patharr}.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{pairarray}\marg{\meta{var}}{\meta{list-of-points}}\\
+\cs{numericarray}\marg{\meta{var}}{\meta{list-of-numbers}}%
+\index{pairarray@\cs{pairarray}}%
+\index{numericarray@\cs{numericarray}}
+\end{cd}
+
+These enable the simultaneous definition of pair and numeric variables.
+For example, after
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \pairarray{X}{(0,1),(1,1),(0,0),(1,0)}
+\end{verbatim}
+the variables \mfc{X1}, \mfc{X2}, \mfc{X3}, and \mfc{X4} are equal to
+the given points in that order. And then
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \polyline{X1,X2,X3,X4}
+\end{verbatim}
+will draw the lines connecting these four points. The index may
+optionally be put in square brackets and may be separated from the name
+by any number of spaces. If a numeric expression is used instead of an
+explicit number, square brackets \emph{must} surround it: \gbc{X[1+1]},
+\gbc{X[2]}, \gbc{X2} and \gbc{X 2} are all the same. The arrays are
+defined locally if these commands occur in an \env{mfpic} environment,
+global otherwise. In all arrays, the variable \gbc{X} itself (not
+followed by any digit or brackets) is a number equal to the number of
+elements in the array.
+
+Array variables may be used only where the values are processed only by
+\MF{} or \MP, they are unknown to \TeX. In particular, they cannot be
+used in commands that position text unless \opt{mplabels} is in effect.
+
+Several commands in \mfp{} define arrays of objects that can be used in
+other commands. The main ones are \cs{piechart} and \cs{barchart}. These
+arrays are always global. Using \cs{piechart} causes the following
+arrays to become defined:
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item \gbc{piewedge}, a path array describing the wedges of the chart.
+        The command \cs{piewdge}\marg{\meta{num}} (without optional
+        argument) is almost exactly the same as
+        \cs{mfobj}\marg{piewedge[\meta{num}]}.
+  \item \gbc{pieangle}, a numeric array, the starting angle of each wedge.
+  \item \gbc{piedirection}, a pair array, the unit vectors pointing in
+        the directions of the centers of the wedges. If \cs{pieangle1}
+        is 0 and \gbc{pieangle2} is 90 degrees, then \gbc{piedirection1}
+        is $(\cos 45,\sin 45)$.
+\end{itemize}
+
+Using \cs{barchart} causes the following arrays to become defined. The
+exact meaning depends on whether bars are horizontal or vertical. The
+following describes horizontal bars; interchange the roles of $x$ and
+$y$ if they are vertical:
+\begin{itemize}
+  \item \gbc{barstart}, the position on the $y$-axis of the leading edge
+        of the bars.
+  \item \gbc{barbegin}, the $x$-coordinate of the leftmost end of the
+        bars.
+  \item \gbc{barend}, the $x$-coordinate of the rightmost end of the
+        bars.
+  \item \gbc{chartbar}, the rectangular path of the bar; \gbc{chartbar1}
+        is the rectangle with corners at \gbc{(barbegin1,barstart1)} and
+        \gbc{(barend1,barstart+barwd)}, where \gbc{barwd} is the
+        width (thickness) of the bar.
+  \item \gbc{barlength}, the same as \gbc{barend}. This is for backward
+        compatibility; the was name chosen at a time when all the bars
+        had one side on an axis (i.e., \gbc{barbegin[n] = 0}).
+\end{itemize}
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tile}\marg{\meta{tilename},\meta{unit},\meta{wd},\meta{ht},\meta{clip}}\\
+  \ $\ldots$\\
+\cs{endtile}%
+\index{tile@\cs{tile}}\index{endtile@\cs{endtile}}
+\end{cd}
+
+In this environment, all drawing commands contribute to a \emph{tile}. A
+\emph{tile} is a rectangular picture which may be used to fill the
+interior of closed paths.  The units of drawing are given by
+\meta{unit}, which should be a dimension (like \dim{1pt} or \dim{2in}).
+The tile's horizontal dimensions are $0$ to $\meta{wd}\cdot\meta{unit}$
+and its vertical dimensions $0$ to $\meta{ht}\cdot\meta{unit}$, so
+\meta{wd} and \meta{ht} should be pure numbers. If \meta{clip} is
+\mfc{true} then all drawing is clipped to be within the tile's boundary.
+
+By using this macro, you can design your own fill patterns (to use them,
+see the \cs{tess} macro below), but please take some care with the
+\ae sthetics! The \meta{tilename} is globally defined by this command.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tess}\marg{\meta{tilename}}$\ldots$%
+\index{tess@\cs{tess}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Tile the interior of a closed path with a tessellation comprised of
+copies of the \emph{tile} specified by \meta{tilename}.  There is no
+default \meta{tilename}; you must make all your own tiles. Tiling an
+open curve is technically an error, but the \MF{} code responds by
+drawing the path and not doing any tiling.
+
+Tiling large regions with complicated tiles can exceed the capacity of
+some versions of \MP. There is less of a problem with \MF. This is not
+because \MF{} has greater capacity, but because of the natural
+difference between bitmaps and vector graphics.
+
+In \MP, the tiles are copied with whatever color they are given when
+they are defined. They can be multicolored.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{cutoffafter}\marg{\meta{obj}}\dots\\
+\cs{cutoffbefore}\marg{\meta{obj}}\dots\\
+\cs{trimpath}\marg{\meta{dim$_1$},\meta{dim$_2$}}\dots\\
+\cs{trimpath}\marg{\meta{dim$_1$}}\dots\\
+\index{cutoffafter@\cs{cutoffafter}}%
+\index{cutoffbefore@\cs{cutoffbefore}}%
+\index{trimpath@\cs{trimpath}}%
+\end{cd}
+
+These are prefix macros. The first two take an `object' (a variable in
+which a path was previously stored using \cs{store}) and uses it to trim
+one end off the following path. \cs{cutoffbefore} cuts off the part of
+the path before its first intersection with the object, while
+\cs{cutoffafter} cuts off the part after the last intersection. If the
+path does not intersect the object, nothing is cut off. If the object
+and the path intersect in more than one point, as little as possible
+(usually%
+    \footnote{\MF's methods for finding the `first' point of
+    intersection do not always find the actual first one.}) %
+is cut off. This is completely reliably only when there is only one
+point of intersection.
+
+The \cs{trimpath} macro takes two dimensions separated by commas and
+trims those lengths off the initial and terminal ends of the path. If
+only one dimension is given, that is used at both ends. This macro is
+essentially equivalent to applying \cs{cutoffafter} and then
+\cs{cutoffbefore} where the objects are circles which have radii equal
+to the given dimensions and which are centered at the endpoints of the
+path. Consequently, if the path is shorter than either dimension, it
+will not intersect either circle and nothing will be trimmed. Similarly,
+if the result of \cs{cutoffafter} is shorter than the first dimension,
+then \cs{cutoffbefore} will not trim any more off. The first two macros
+can be used to create a curve that starts or ends right at another
+figure without having to find the point where the two curves intersect.
+The third one can be used on the result to produce a curve that stops
+just short of the point of intersection.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mftitle}\marg{\meta{title}}%
+\index{mftitle@\cs{mftitle}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Write the string \meta{title} to the \MF{} file, and use it as a \MF{}
+message. (See \textit{The \MF{}book}, chapter 22, page 187, for two uses of
+this.)
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{tmtitle}\marg{\meta{title}}%
+\index{tmtitle@\cs{tmtitle}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Write the text \meta{title} to the \TeX{} document, and to the log file,
+and use it implicitly in \cs{mftitle}. This macro forms a local group
+around its argument.
+
+\medskip
+
+Since \TeX{} is limited to 256 dimension registers, and since dimensions
+are so important to typesetting and drawing, it is common to use up all
+256 when drawing packages are loaded. Therefore \mfp{} uses font
+dimensions to store dimension values. The following is the command that
+handles the allocation of these dimensions.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{newfdim}\marg{\meta{fdim}}%
+\index{newfdim@\cs{newfdim}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This create a new global font dimension named \meta{fdim}, which is a
+\TeX{} control sequence (with backslash). It can be used almost like
+an ordinary \TeX{} dimension.  One exception is that the \TeX{} commands
+\cs{advance}, \cs{multiply} and \cs{divide} cannot be applied directly
+to font dimensions (nor \LaTeX's \cs{addtolength}); however, the font
+dimension can be copied to a temporary \TeX{} dimension register, which
+can then be manipulated and copied back (using \cs{setlength} in \LaTeX,
+if desired). Another exception is that all changes to a font dimension
+are global in scope. Also beware that \cs{newfdim} uses font dimensions
+from a single font, the \file{dummy} font, which most \TeX{} systems
+ought to have. (You'll know if yours doesn't, because \mfp{} will fail
+upon loading!) Also, implementations of \TeX{} differ in the number of
+font dimensions allowed per font. Hopefully, \mfp{} won't exceed your
+local \TeX's limit.
+
+All of \mfp's basic dimension parameters are font dimensions. We have
+lied slightly when we called them `\TeX{} dimensions'. We arrange for
+them to be local to \env{mfpic} environments by saving their values at
+the start and restoring them at the end.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\marg{\meta{filename}}%
+\index{setmfpicgraphic@\cs{setmfpicgraphic}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This is the command that is invoked to place the graphic created. See
+appendix~\ref{graphics} for a discussion of its use and its default
+definition. It is a user-level macro so that it can be redefined in
+unusual cases. It operates on the output of the following macro:
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{setfilename}\marg{\meta{file}}\marg{\meta{num}}%
+\index{setfilename@\cs{setfilename}}
+\end{cd}
+
+\Mfp's figure inclusion code ultimately executes
+\cs{setmfpicgraphic} on the result of applying \cs{setfilename} to two
+arguments: the file name specified in the \cs{opengraphsfile} command
+and the number of the current picture. Normally \cs{setfilename} just
+puts them together with the `\texttt{.}' separator (because that is
+usually the way \MP{} names its output), but this can be redefined if
+the \MP{} output undergoes further processing or conversion to another
+format in which the name is changed. Any redefinition of
+\cs{setfilename} must come before \cs{opengraphsfile} because that
+command tests for the existence of the first figure. After any
+redefinition, \cs{setfilename} must be a macro with two arguments that
+creates the actual filename from the above two parts. It should also be
+completely expandable. See the appendices, subsection~\ref{graphics} for
+further dicussion.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{preparemfpicgraphic}\marg{\meta{filename}}%
+\index{preparemfpicgraphic@\cs{preparemfpicgraphic}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This command is automatically invoked before \cs{setmfpicgraphic} to
+make any preparations needed. The default definition is to do nothing
+except when the \prog{graphics} package is used. That package provides
+no clean way to determine the bounding box of the graphic after it is
+included. Since \mfp{} needs this information, this command
+redefines an internal command of the graphics package to make the data
+available. If \cs{setmfpicgraphic} is redefined then this may also have
+to be redefined.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{getmfpicoffset}\marg{\meta{filename}}%
+\index{getmfpicoffset@\cs{getmfpicoffset}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This command is automatically invoked after \cs{setmfpicgraphic} to
+store the offset of the lower left corner of the figure in the macros
+\cs{mfpicllx} and \cs{mfpiclly}. If \cs{setmfpicgraphic} is redefined
+then this may also have to be redefined.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{ifmfpmpost}%
+\index{ifmfpmpost@\cs{ifmfpmpost}}
+\end{cd}
+
+Users wishing to write code that adjusts its behavior to the graph file
+processor can use this to test which option is in effect. The macro
+\cs{usemetapost} sets it true and \cs{usemetafont} sets it false. There
+are no commands \cs{mfpmposttrue} nor \cs{mfpmpostfalse}, since the user
+should not be changing the setting once it is set: a great deal of
+\mfp{} internal code depends on them, and on keeping them consistent
+with the \cs{opengraphsfile} commands reading of these booleans.
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{mfpicversion}
+\index{mfpicversion@\cs{mfpicversion}}
+\end{cd}
+
+This expands to the current \mfp{} version multiplied by 100. At this
+writing, it produces `\texttt{70}' because the version is 0.7. It
+can be used to test for the current version:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \ifx\mfpicversion\undefined \def\mfpicversion{0}\fi
+  \ifnum\mfpicversion>70 ... \else ... \fi
+\end{verbatim}
+\cs{mfpicversion} was added in version 0.7.
+
+\subsubsection{Hackers.}\label{hackers}
+
+\Mfp{} employs a modified version of \LaTeX's \cs{@ifnextchar}
+that not only skips over spaces when seeking the next character, but
+also skips over \cs{relax} or tokens that have been \cs{let} equal to
+it. This is because, in contexts where we try to preserve lines, we make
+the end-of-line character active and set it equal to \cs{relax}. Since
+it is hard to predict in what context a macro will be used, this gives
+code like
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{function}\\
+  \oarg{s1.2}\marg{0,2,.1}\marg{ x**2 }
+\end{ex}
+the same behavior in both.%
+    \footnote{Actually, because of a bug in previous versions, this was
+    not true, but it is now. I hope.}
+One consequence is that putting \cs{relax} to stop a command from seeing
+a `\texttt{[}' as the start of an optional argument will not work for
+\mfp{} commands. The same holds for the `\texttt{*}' in those few
+commands that have a star-form, and also for other commands that look
+ahead (\cs{tlabel} looks for a `\texttt{(}' starting off the location,
+and macros that operate on lists of data look ahead for
+`\cs{datafile}'). This is not a serious problem, because there is only
+one command (\cs{smoothdata}) that takes an optional arguments but
+doesn't have mandatory arguments after that. If a `\cs{relax}' appeared
+after any other \mfp{} command, it would be taken as an argument and an
+error would result. In any case, \cs{empty} will stop the looking ahead
+if it should ever be necessary.
+
+Most of \mfp's commands have arguments with parts delimited by commas
+and parentheses. In most cases this is no problem because they are
+written unchanged to the \file{.mf} and there they are parsed just fine.
+Some commands' arguments, however, have to be parsed by both \TeX{} and
+\MF. Examples are \cs{tlabel} (sometimes, under \opt{mplabels}), and
+\cs{pointdef}. One might be tempted to use \MP{} expressions there and
+that works fine as long as they do not contain commas or parentheses. In
+such cases, they can sometimes be enclosed in braces to prevent \TeX{}
+seeing these elements as delimiters, but sometimes these braces might
+get written to the \file{.mf} (or \file{.mp}) output and cause a \MF{}
+(\MP) error. In such cases the following work-around might be possible:
+
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \def\identity#1{#1}
+  \pointdef{A}(\identity{angle (1,2)},3)
+  \rect{(0,0),\A}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The braces prevent \TeX's argument parsing from seeing the first comma
+as a delimiter, but upon writing to the \file{.mf}, the \cs{identity}
+commands are expanded and only the contents appear in the output. (\TeX{}
+parses the argument to assign meanings to \cs{Ax} and \cs{Ay}.)
+
+
+\clearpage
+
+\def\sectionmark#1{\markright {\thesection\quad#1}}%
+\def\subsectionmark#1{}
+\def\subsubsectionmark#1{}
+\thispagestyle{plain}
+\section{Appendices}\label{appendices}
+
+\subsection{Acknowledgements.}\label{acknowledgements}
+
+Tom would like to thank all of the people at Dartmouth as well as out in
+the network world for testing \mfp{} and sending him back
+comments. He would particularly like to thank:
+
+\medskip
+Geoffrey Tobin %(G.Tobin@latrobe.edu.au)
+for his many suggestions, especially about cleaning up the \MF{} code,
+enforcing dimensions, fixing the dotted line computations, and speeding
+up the shading routines (through this process, Geoffrey and Tom managed
+to teach each other many of the subtleties of \MF), and for keeping
+track of \mfp{} for nearly a year while Tom finished his thesis;
+
+\medskip
+Bryan Green %(bgreen@sanjuan.uvic.ca)
+for his many suggestions, some of which (including his rewriting the
+\cs{tcaption} macro) ultimately led to the current version's ability to
+put graphs in-line or side-by-side; and
+
+\medskip
+Uwe Bonnes %(bon@lte.e-technik.uni-erlangen.de)
+and Jarom\'\i r Kuben, % (vabo@muni.cz)
+who worked out rewrites of \mfp{} during Tom's
+working hiatus and who each contributed several valuable ideas.
+
+\medskip
+Some credit also belongs to Anthony Stark, % (ajs@merck.com)
+whose work on a FIG to \MF{} converter has had a serious impact on the
+development of many of \mfp's capabilities.
+
+\medskip
+Finally, Tom would like to thank Alan Vlach, the other \TeX{}nician at
+Berry College, for helping him decide on the format of many of the
+macros, and for helping with testing.
+
+\medskip
+Dan Luecking would like to echo Tom's thanks to all of the above,
+especially Geoffrey Tobin and Jarom\'\i r Kuben. And to add the names
+Taco Hoekwater, for comments, advice and suggestions, and Zaimi
+Sami~Alex for suggestions.
+
+But mostly, he'd like to thank Tom Leathrum for starting it all.
+
+\subsection{Changes History.}\label{changes}
+
+See the file \file{changes.txt} for a somewhat sporadic and rambling
+history of changes to \mfp. See the file \file{readme.txt} for a
+list of any known problems.
+
+%\clearpage
+\subsection{Summary of Options}\label{summary}
+
+Unless otherwise stated, any of the command forms will be local to the
+current \env{mfpic} environment if used inside. Otherwise it will affect
+all later environments.
+
+\medskip
+\def\stack#1{\everycr{}\def\\{\cr}\halign{\strut##\hfil\cr#1\crcr}}
+{\everycr{\noalign{\medskip}}
+\halign to \hsize{\opt{#}\hfil\quad\tabskip0pt plus 1fil&
+        \vtop{\stack{#}}\hfil\quad&
+        \vtop{\parindent0pt \hsize.45\hsize \rightskip0pt plus1fil\relax
+            \strut\ignorespaces#\strut}\tabskip0pt\cr
+{\rmfamily\scshape Option}:& \textsc{Command form(s)}:& \omit\textsc{Restrictions}: \hfil\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\hrule\smallskip}
+metapost&\cs{usemetapost}& Command must come before
+    \cs{opengraphsfile}. Incompatible with \opt{metafont} option.   \cr
+metafont&\cs{usemetafont}& The default. Command must come before
+    \cs{opengraphsfile}. Incompatible with \opt{metapost} option.   \cr
+mplabels&\cs{usemplabels},\\ \cs{nomplabels}& Requires
+    \opt{metapost}. If command is used inside an \env{mfpic}
+    environment, it should come before \cs{tlabel} commands to be
+    affected.                                                       \cr
+overlaylabels&\cs{overlaylabels},\\ \cs{nooverlaylabels}& Has no effect
+    without \opt{metapost}.                                         \cr
+truebbox& \cs{usetruebbox},\\ \cs{notruebbox}& Has no effect
+    without \opt{metapost}.                                         \cr
+clip& \cs{clipmfpic},\\ \cs{noclipmfpic}& No restrictions.          \cr
+clearsymbols& \cs{clearsymbols},\\ \cs{noclearsymbols}& No restrictions.          \cr
+centeredcaptions& \cs{usecenteredcaptions},\\ \cs{nocenteredcaptions}&
+    No restrictions.                                                \cr
+debug&\cs{mfpicdebugtrue},\\\cs{mfpicdebugfalse}& To turn on
+    debugging while \file{mfpic.tex} is loading, issue
+    \cs{def}\cs{mfpicdebug}\marg{true}.                             \cr
+\vtop{\hbox{draft\strut}
+      \hbox{final\strut}
+      \hbox{nowrite\strut}}&\cs{mfpicdraft}\\
+                            \cs{mfpicfinal}\\
+                            \cs{mfpicnowrite}& Should not be used
+                            together. Command forms should come before
+                            \cs{opengraphsfile}\cr
+}}
+
+%\clearpage
+\subsection{Plotting styles for \cs{plotdata}}\label{styles}
+
+When \cs{plotdata} passes from one curve to the next, it increments a
+counter and uses that counter to select a dash pattern, color, or symbol.
+It uses predefined dash pattern names \mfc{dashtype0} through
+\mfc{dashtype5}, or predefined color names \mfc{colortype0} through
+\mfc{colortype7}, or predefined symbols \mfc{pointtype0} through
+\mfc{pointtype8}. Here follows a description of each of these variables.
+These variables must not be used in the second argument of
+\cs{reconfigureplot}, whose purpose is to redefine these variables.
+
+\medskip
+Under \cs{dashedlines}, we have the following dash patterns:
+
+\medskip
+\indent\vbox{%
+\halign{#\hfil\qquad&#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\strut\cr
+\textsc{Name}&\textsc{Pattern}&\textsc{Meaning}\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\hrule\smallskip}
+\mfc{dashtype0}&    \dim{0bp}                       & solid line   \cr
+\mfc{dashtype1}&    \dim{3bp,4bp}                   & dashes       \cr
+\mfc{dashtype2}&    \dim{0bp,4bp}                   & dots         \cr
+\mfc{dashtype3}&    \dim{0bp,4bp,3bp,4bp}           & dot-dash     \cr
+\mfc{dashtype4}&    \dim{0bp,4bp,3bp,4bp,0bp,4bp}   & dot-dash-dot \cr
+\mfc{dashtype5}&    \dim{0bp,4bp,3bp,4bp,3bp,4bp}   & dot-dash-dash\cr
+}}
+
+\medskip
+Under \cs{coloredlines}, we have the following colors. Except for
+\mfc{black} and \mfc{red}, each color is altered as indicated. This is
+an attempt to make the colors more equal in visibility against a white
+background. (The success of this attempt varies greatly with the output
+or display device.)
+
+\medskip
+\indent\vbox{%
+\halign{#\hfil\qquad&#\hfil\quad&#\hfil\strut\cr
+\textsc{Name}&\textsc{Color}&\textsc{(r,g,b)}\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\hrule\smallskip}
+\mfc{colortype0}&   black  &  $(  0,  0,  0)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype1}&   red    &  $(  1,  0,  0)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype2}&   blue   &  $( .2, .2,  1)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype3}&   orange &  $(.66,.34,  0)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype4}&   green  &  $(  0, .8,  0)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype5}&   magenta&  $(.85,  0,.85)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype6}&   cyan   &  $(  0,.85,.85)$\cr
+\mfc{colortype7}&   yellow &  $(.85,.85,  0)$\cr
+}}
+
+\medskip
+
+Under \cs{pointedlines} and \cs{datapointsonly}, the following symbols
+are used. Internally each is referred to by the numeric name, but they
+are identical to the more descriptive name. Syntactically, all are \MF{}
+path variables. (The order changed between versions 0.6 and 0.7.)
+
+\medskip
+\indent\vbox{%
+\halign{#\hfil\qquad&#\hfil\strut\cr
+\textsc{Name}&\textsc{Description}\cr
+\noalign{\smallskip\hrule\smallskip}
+\mfc{pointtype0}&   \mfc{Circle}       \cr
+\mfc{pointtype1}&   \mfc{Cross}        \cr
+\mfc{pointtype2}&   \mfc{SolidDiamond} \cr
+\mfc{pointtype3}&   \mfc{Square}       \cr
+\mfc{pointtype4}&   \mfc{Plus}         \cr
+\mfc{pointtype5}&   \mfc{Triangle}     \cr
+\mfc{pointtype6}&   \mfc{SolidCircle}  \cr
+\mfc{pointtype7}&   \mfc{Star}         \cr
+\mfc{pointtype8}&   \mfc{SolidTriangle}\cr
+}}
+
+\subsection{Special considerations when using \MF}\label{mfconsiderations}
+
+The most important restriction in \MF{} is on the size of a picture.
+Coordinates in \MF{} ultimately refer to pixel units in the font that is
+output. These are required to be less than 4096, so an absolute limit on
+the size of a picture is whatever length a row of 4096 pixels is. In
+fonts prepared for a LaserJet4 (600 DPI), this means about 6.8 inches.
+For a 1200 DPI pronter, the limit is about 3.4 inches.
+
+A similar limit holds for numbers input, and the values of variables:
+\MF{} will return an error for \mfc{sin 4096}. Intermediate values can
+be greater (\mfc{sin (2*2048)} will cause no error), but final, stored
+results are subject to the limit. An \mfp{} example that generated an
+error recently was:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  \mfpicunit 1mm
+  \mfpic[10]{-3}{7}{-3.5}{5}
+    \function{-4.5,4,.1}{x*x}
+  \endmfpic
+\end{verbatim}
+The problem was the value of $(-4.5)^2=20.25$ in pixel units (after
+multiplying by the \cs{mfpic} scaling factor the \cs{mfpicunit} in
+inches and the DPI value): $20.25\times10\times0.03937\times600 > 4783$.
+The error did not occur at the point of creating the font, but merely at
+the point of storing the path in an internal variable for manipulation
+and drawing.
+
+
+\subsection{Special considerations when using \MP}\label{mpconsiderations}
+
+\subsubsection{Required support}
+
+To use \mfp{} with \MP, the following support is needed (besides a
+working \MP{} installation):
+
+\medskip
+\halign{#\hfil\quad&\vtop{\hsize 4.4 truein \raggedright \noindent
+    \strut#\strut}\hfil\cr
+Under plain\TeX           &The file \file{epsf.tex}\cr
+Under \LaTeX209           &The file \file{epsf.tex} or \file{epsf.sty}\cr
+Under \LaTeXe             &The package \prog{graphics} or \prog{graphicx}\cr
+Under \pdfLaTeX{}         &The package \prog{graphics} or
+                           \prog{graphicx} with option \opt{pdftex}\cr
+Under plain \pdfTeX{}     &The files \file{supp-pdf.tex} and
+                           \file{supp-mis.tex}\cr
+In all cases              &The files \file{grafbase.mp} and
+                           \file{dvipsnam.mp} plus, of course,
+                           \file{mfpic.tex} (and \file{mfpic.sty} for
+                           \LaTeX)\cr
+}
+
+\medskip
+The files \file{grafbase.mp} and \file{dvipsnam.mp} should be in a
+directory searched by \MP. The remaining files should be in directories
+searched by the appropriate \TeX{} variant. If \MP{} cannot find the
+file \file{grafbase.mp}, then by default it will try to input
+\file{grafbase.mf}, which is generally futile (or fatal).
+
+In case \pdfLaTeX{} is used, the graphics package is given the
+\opt{pdftex} option. This option requires the file \file{pdftex.def}
+which currently inputs the files \file{supp-pdf.tex} and
+\file{supp-mis.tex}. The file \file{pdftex.def} is supplied with the
+\prog{graphics} package. The other two are usually supplied with a
+\pdfTeX{} distribution, and are definitely part of the \ConTeXt{}
+distribution. Older versions had some bugs in connection with the
+\prog{babel} package. One workaround was to load the \prog{graphics}
+package and \mfp{} before \prog{babel}.
+
+If the user loads one of the above required files or packages before the
+\mfp{} macros are loaded then \mfp{} will not reload them.
+If they have not been input, \mfp{} will load whichever one it
+decides is required. In the \LaTeXe{} case, \mfp{} will load the
+\prog{graphics} package. If the user wishes \prog{graphicx}, then that
+package must be loaded before \mfp.
+
+\subsubsection{\CMP{} is not \MF}
+
+\PS{} is not a pixel oriented language and so neither is \MP. The model
+for drawing objects is completely different between \MF{} and \MP, and
+so one cannot always expect the same results. \CMP{} support in
+\mfp{} was carefully written so that files successfully printed
+with \mfp{} using \MF{} would be just as successfully printed
+using \MP. Nevertheless, it frequently choke on files that make use of
+the \cs{mfsrc} command for writing code directly to the \file{.mf} file.
+While \file{grafbase.mp} is closely based on \file{grafbase.mf}, much of
+the code had to be completely rewritten.
+
+Pictures in \MP{} are stored as (possibly nested) sequences of objects,
+where objects are things like points, paths, contours, other pictures,
+etc. In \MF, pictures are stored as a grid of pixels. Pictures that are
+relatively simple in one program might be very complex in the other and
+even exceed memory allocated for their storage. Two examples are the
+\cs{polkadot} and \cs{hatch} commands. When the polkadot space and size
+are both too small, a \cs{polkadot}-ed region has been known to exceed
+\MP{} capacity, while being well within \MF{} capacity. In \MP{} the
+memory consumed by \cs{hatch} goes up in direct proportion to the linear
+dimensions of the figure being hatched, while in \MF{} it goes up in
+proportion to the area, and then the reverse can happen, with \MF's
+capacity exeeded far sooner that \MP's.
+
+In \MP{} it is important to note that each
+prefix modifies the result of the entire following sequence. In essence
+prefixes can be viewed as being applied in the opposite order to their
+occurrence. Example:
+
+\begin{ex}
+    \cs{dashed}\cs{gfill}\cs{rect}\marg{(0,0),(1,1)}
+\end{ex}
+This adds the dashed outline to the filled rectangle. That is, first the
+rectangle is defined, then it is filled, then the outline is drawn in
+dashed lines. This makes a difference when colors other than black are
+used. Drawing is done with the center of the virtual pen stroked down
+the middle of the boundary, so half of its width falls inside the
+rectangle. On the other hand, filling is done right up to the boundary.
+In this example, the dashed lines are drawn on top of part of the fill.
+In the reverse order, the fill would cover part of the outline.
+
+\subsubsection{Graphic inclusion}\label{graphics}
+
+It may be impossible to completely cater to all possible methods of
+graphic inclusions with automatic tests. The macro that is invoked
+to include the \PS{} graphic is \cs{setmfpicgraphic} and the user
+may (carefully!) redefine this to suit special circumstances. Actually,
+\mfp{} runs the following sequence:
+
+\begin{cd}
+\cs{preparemfpicgraphic}\marg{\meta{filename}}\\
+\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\marg{\meta{filename}}\\
+\cs{getmfpicoffset}\marg{\meta{filename}}%
+\index{preparemfpicgraphic@\cs{preparemfpicgraphic}}%
+\index{setmfpicgraphic@\cs{setmfpicgraphic}}%
+\index{getmfpicoffset@\cs{getmfpicoffset}}
+\end{cd}
+
+The following are the default definitions for \cs{setmfpicgraphic}:
+
+\medskip
+\halign{#:\hfil&\quad#\hfil\cr
+In plain \TeX&
+\cs{def}\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\texttt{\#1}\marg{\cs{epsfbox}\marg{\#1}}\cr
+In \LaTeX209&
+\cs{def}\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\texttt{\#1}\marg{\cs{epsfbox}\marg{\#1}}\cr
+In \LaTeXe&
+\cs{def}\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\texttt{\#1}\marg{\cs{includegraphics}\marg{\#1}}\cr
+In \pdfLaTeX&
+\cs{def}\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\texttt{\#1}\marg{\cs{includegraphics}\marg{\#1}}\cr
+In \pdfTeX&
+\cs{def}\cs{setmfpicgraphic}\texttt{\#1}\marg{\cs{convertMPtoPDF}\marg{\#1}%
+    \marg{1}\marg{1}}\cr
+}
+\medskip
+Moreover, since \MP{} by default writes files with numeric extensions,
+we add code to each figure, so that these graphics are correctly
+recognized as \EPS{} or \prog{MPS}. For example, to the figure with
+extension \file{.1}, we add the equivalent of one of the following
+\begin{itemize}
+\item[] \cs{DeclareGraphicsRule}\marg{.1}\marg{eps}\marg{.1}\marg{} in \LaTeXe.
+\item[] \cs{DeclareGraphicsRule}\marg{.1}\marg{mps}\marg{.1}\marg{} in \pdfLaTeX.
+\end{itemize}
+
+After running the command \cs{setmfpicgraphic}, \mfp{} runs
+\cs{getmfpicoffset} to store the lower left corner of the bounding box
+of the figure in two macros \cs{mfpicllx} and \cs{mfpiclly}. All the
+above versions of \cs{setmfpicgraphic} (except \cs{includegraphics})
+make this information available; the definition of \cs{getmfpicoffset}
+merely copies it into these two macros. What \mfp{} does in the
+case of \cs{includegraphics} is to modify (locally) the definition of an
+internal command of the graphics package so that it copies the
+information to those macros, and then \cs{getmfpicoffset} does nothing.
+This internal modification is accomplished by the macro
+\cs{preparemfpicgraphic}. Changes to \cs{setmfpicgraphic} might require
+changing either or both of \cs{preparemfpicgraphic} and
+\cs{getmfpicoffset}. All three of these commands are fed the graphic's
+file name as the only argument, although only \cs{setmfpicgraphic}
+currently does anything with it.
+
+One possible reason for wanting to redefine \cs{setmfpicgraphic} might
+be to rescale all pictures. This is \emph{definitely not} a good idea
+without the option \opt{mplabels} since the \mfp{} code for
+placing labels and captions and reserving space for the picture relies
+on the picture having the dimensions given by the arguments to the
+\cs{mfpic} command. With \opt{mplabels} plus \opt{truebbox} it will
+probably work, but (i)~it has \emph{not} been considered in writing the
+\mfp{} code, (ii)~it will then scale all the text as well as the
+figure, and (iii)~it will scale all line thickness, which should
+normally be a design choice independent of the size of a picture. To
+rescale all pictures, one need only change \cs{mfpicunit} and rerun
+\TeX{} and \MP.
+
+A better reason might be to allow the conversion of your \MP{} figures
+to some other format. Then redefining \cs{setmfpicgraphic}
+could enable including the appropriate file in the appropriate format.
+
+The filename argument mentioned above is actually the result obtained by
+running the macro \cs{setfilename}\index{setfilename@\cs{setfilename}}.
+The command \cs{setfilename} gets two arguments: the name of the \MP{}
+output file (set in the \cs{opengraphsfile} command) without extension,
+and the number of the picture. The default definition of
+\cs{setfilename} merely inserts a dot between the two arguments. That is
+\cs{setfilename}\marg{fig}\marg{1} produces \file{fig.1}. You can
+redefine this behavior also. Any changes to \cs{setfilename} must come
+after the \mfp{} macros are input and before the
+\cs{opengraphsfile} command. Any changes to \cs{setmfpicgraphic} must
+come after the \mfp{} macros are input and before any \cs{mfpic}
+commands, but it is best to place it before the \cs{opengraphsfile}
+command.
+
+As \mfp{} is currently written, \cs{setfilename} must be
+\emph{completely expandable}, which means it should contain no
+definitions, no assignments such as \cs{setcounter}, and no
+calculations. To test whether a proposed definition is completely
+expandable, put
+\begin{ex}
+\cs{message}\marg{\texttt{***}%
+\cs{setfilename}\marg{file}\marg{1}\texttt{***}}
+\end{ex}
+after the definition in a \file{.tex} file and view the result on the
+terminal or in the \file{.log} file. You should see only your expected
+filename between the asterisks.
+
+
+\subsection{\prog{Mfpic} and the rest of the world}
+
+\subsubsection{The literature}
+
+There are at least two places where \mfp{} has garnered more than a
+cursory mention. The most up-to-date is a section in \textit{The
+\LaTeX{} Graphics Companion} by Michel Goossens, Sebastian Rahtz and
+Frank Mittelbach. It describes a version prior to the introduction of
+\MP{} support, but it correctly describes a subset of its current
+commands and abilities.
+
+The other is \textit{\TeX{} Unbound} by Alan Hoenig, which contains a
+chapter on \mfp. Unfortunately, it describes a version that was
+replaced in 1996 with version 0.2.10.9.  The following summarizes the
+differences between the description%
+    \footnote{While I'm at it: \textit{\TeX{} Unbound} occasionally
+    refers to \mfp{} using a logo-like formatting in which the `MF' is
+    in a special font and the `I' is lowered. This `logo' may suggest
+    a relationship between \mfp{} and \PiCTeX. There is no such
+    relationship, and there is no official logo-like designation for
+    \mfp.} %
+found in Chapter 15 and \mfp{} versions 0.2.10.9 through the
+current one:
+
+\cs{wedge} is now renamed \cs{sector} to avoid conflict with the \TeX{}
+command of the same name. The syntax is slightly different from that
+given for \cs{wedge}:
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{sector}\marg{(\meta{x},\meta{y}), \meta{radius}, \meta{angle1}, \meta{angle2}}
+\end{ex}
+
+The macro \cs{plr}\marg{(\meta{$r_0$},\meta{$\theta_0$}),%
+(\meta{$r_1$},\meta{$\theta_1$}),$\ldots$} is used to convert polar
+coordinate pairs to rectangular coordinates, so the commands
+\cs{plrcurve}, \cs{plrcyclic}, \cs{plrlines} and \cs{plrpoint} were
+dropped from \mfp. Now use
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{curve}\marg{\cs{plr}\marg{(\meta{$r_0$},\meta{$\theta_0$}),%
+    (\meta{$r_1$},\meta{$\theta_1$}),$\ldots$}}
+\end{ex}
+instead of
+\begin{ex}
+  \cs{plrcurve}\marg{(\meta{$r_0$},\meta{$\theta_0$}),%
+    (\meta{$r_1$},\meta{$\theta_1$}),$\ldots$}
+\end{ex}
+and similarly for \cs{cyclic}, \cs{lines} and \cs{point} with respect to
+\cs{plrcyclic}, \cs{plrlines} and \cs{plrpoint}.
+
+\cs{fill} is now renamed \cs{gfill} to avoid conflict with the \LaTeX{}
+command of the same name.
+
+\cs{rotate},  which rotates a following figure about a point, is now
+renamed \cs{rotatepath} to avoid confusion with a similar name for a
+transformation (see below).
+
+\cs{white} is now renamed \cs{gclear} because \cs{white} is too likely
+to be chosen for, or confused with, a color command.
+
+\smallskip
+The following affine transform commands were changed from a third person
+indicative form (which could be confused with a plural noun) to an
+imperative form:
+
+\medskip
+\moveright\parindent
+\vbox{%
+  \halign{#\qquad\hfil&#\hfil\cr
+    Old name:           & New name:\cr
+    \cs{boosts}         & \cs{boost}\cr
+    \cs{reflectsabout}  & \cs{reflectabout}\cr
+    \cs{rotatesaround}  & \cs{rotatearound}\cr
+    \cs{rotates}        & \cs{rotate}\cr
+    \cs{scales}         & \cs{scale}\cr
+    \cs{shifts}         & \cs{shift}\cr
+    \cs{xscales}        & \cs{xscale}\cr
+    \cs{xslants}        & \cs{xslant}\cr
+    \cs{xyswaps}        & \cs{xyswap}\cr
+    \cs{yscales}        & \cs{yscale}\cr
+    \cs{yslants}        & \cs{yslant}\cr
+    \cs{zscales}        & \cs{zscale}\cr
+    \cs{zslants}        & \cs{zslant}\cr
+  }%
+}
+
+\medskip
+\cs{caption} and \cs{label} are now renamed \cs{tcaption} and
+\cs{tlabel} to avoid conflict with the \LaTeX{} commands.
+
+\cs{mfcmd} was renamed \cs{mfsrc} for clarity, and (in version 0.7) a
+new \cs{mfcmd} was defined, which is pretty much the same except it appends
+a semicolon to its argument.
+
+\smallskip
+There is a misprint: \cs{axisheadlin} should be \cs{axisheadlen}.
+
+Finally, in the \LaTeX{} template on page 496: \mfp{} now supports
+the \cs{usepackage} method of loading.
+
+\subsubsection{Other programs}
+
+There exists a program, \prog{fig2mfpic} that produces \mfp{} code as
+output. The code produced (as of this writing) is somewhat old and
+mostly incompatible with the description in this manual. Fortunately, it
+is accompanied by the appropriate versions of files \file{mfpic.tex} and
+\file{grafbase.mf}. Unfortunately, the names conflict with the current
+filenames and so they should only be used in circumstances where no
+substitution will occur, say in a local directory with the other sources
+for the document being produced. Moreover, the documentation in this
+manual may not apply to the code produced. However the information in
+\textit{\TeX{} Unbound} may apply.
+
+There exist a package, \prog{circuit\_macros}, that can produce a
+variety of output formats, one of which is \mfp{} code. One writes a
+file (don't ask me what it consists of) and apparently processes it with
+\prog{m4} and then \prog{dpic} to produce the output. The \mfp{} code
+produced appears to be compatible with the current \mfp.
+
+\renewcommand\mfpindexheading{%
+  \subsection{Index of commands, options and parameters by page}}
+\let\oldcs\cs
+\renewcommand{\cs}[1]{\leavevmode\mytt{\llap{\char`\\}#1}}
+
+\InputIfFileExists{mfpman.ind}{}{\mfpindexheading}
+
+\let\cs\oldcs
+
+\columnseprule 0pt
+\columnsep 35pt
+\twocolumn[\subsection{List of commands by type}]
+\parindent0pt
+\parskip0pt plus .3pt\relax
+\makeatletter
+\let\item\@idxitem
+\makeatother
+
+\subsubsection{Figures}
+
+  \item \cs{arc}
+  \item \cs{axis}
+  \item \cs{btwnfcn}
+  \item \cs{chartbar}
+  \item \cs{circle}
+  \item \cs{closedcspline}
+  \item \cs{closedmfbezier}
+  \item \cs{closedqbeziers}
+  \item \cs{closedqspline}
+  \item \cs{cspline}
+  \item \cs{curve}
+  \item \cs{cyclic}
+  \item \cs{datafile}
+  \item \cs{ellipse}
+  \item \cs{fcncurve}
+  \item \cs{function}
+  \item \cs{graphbar}
+  \item \cs{histobar}
+  \item \cs{lines}
+  \item \cs{mfbezier}
+  \item \cs{mfobj}
+  \item \cs{parafcn}
+  \item \cs{piewedge}
+  \item \cs{plrfcn}
+  \item \cs{plrregion}
+  \item \cs{polygon}
+  \item \cs{polyline}
+  \item \cs{qbeziers}
+  \item \cs{qspline}
+  \item \cs{rect}
+  \item \cs{regpolygon}
+  \item \cs{sector}
+  \item \cs{tlabelcircle}
+  \item \cs{tlabelellipse}
+  \item \cs{tlabeloval}
+  \item \cs{tlabelrect}
+  \item \cs{turtle}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Figure modifiers}
+
+  \item \cs{arrow}
+  \item \cs{bclosed}
+  \item \cs{cbclosed}
+  \item \cs{connect}, \cs{endconnect}
+  \item \cs{cutoffafter}
+  \item \cs{cutoffbefore}
+  \item \cs{lclosed}
+  \item \cs{makesector}
+  \item \cs{partpath}
+  \item \cs{qbclosed}
+  \item \cs{reflectpath}
+  \item \cs{reverse}
+  \item \cs{rotatepath}
+  \item \cs{scalepath}
+  \item \cs{sclosed}
+  \item \cs{shiftpath}
+  \item \cs{slantpath}
+  \item \cs{subpath}
+  \item \cs{transformpath}
+  \item \cs{trimpath}
+  \item \cs{xscalepath}
+  \item \cs{xslantpath}
+  \item \cs{xyswappath}
+  \item \cs{yscalepath}
+  \item \cs{yslantpath}
+
+
+\subsubsection{Figure renderers}
+
+  \item \cs{dashed}
+  \item \cs{dotted}
+  \item \cs{draw}
+  \item \cs{gclear}
+  \item \cs{gclip}
+  \item \cs{gendashed}
+  \item \cs{gfill}
+  \item \cs{hatch}
+  \item \cs{lhatch}
+  \item \cs{plot}
+  \item \cs{plotdata} (sort of)
+  \item \cs{plotnodes}
+  \item \cs{polkadot}
+  \item \cs{rhatch}
+  \item \cs{shade}
+  \item \cs{tess}
+  \item \cs{thatch}
+  \item \cs{xhatch}
+
+\subsubsection{Lengths}
+
+
+  \item \cs{axisheadlen}
+  \item \cs{dashlen}
+  \item \cs{dotsize}
+  \item \cs{dotspace}
+  \item \cs{hashlen}
+  \item \cs{hatchspace}
+  \item \cs{headlen}
+  \item \cs{mfpiccaptionskip}
+  \item \cs{mfpicheight}
+  \item \cs{mfpicunit}
+  \item \cs{mfpicwidth}
+  \item \cs{pointsize}
+  \item \cs{polkadotspace}
+  \item \cs{shadespace}
+  \item \cs{sideheadlen}
+  \item \cs{symbolspace}
+
+\subsubsection{Coordinate transformation}
+
+  \item \cs{applyT}
+  \item \cs{boost}
+  \item \cs{coords}, \cs{endcoords}
+  \item \cs{mirror}
+  \item \cs{reflectabout}
+  \item \cs{rotate}
+  \item \cs{rotatearound}
+  \item \cs{scale}
+  \item \cs{shift}
+  \item \cs{turn}
+  \item \cs{xscale}
+  \item \cs{xslant}
+  \item \cs{xyswap}
+  \item \cs{yscale}
+  \item \cs{yslant}
+  \item \cs{zscale}
+  \item \cs{zslant}
+
+\subsubsection{Axes, grids, and marks}
+
+  \item \cs{axes}
+  \item \cs{axis}
+  \item \cs{axismarks}
+  \item \cs{bmarks}
+  \item \cs{doaxes}
+  \item \cs{grid}
+  \item \cs{gridarcs}
+  \item \cs{gridlines}
+  \item \cs{gridpoints}
+  \item \cs{gridrays}
+  \item \cs{hgridlines}
+  \item \cs{lattice}
+  \item \cs{lmarks}
+  \item \cs{plotsymbol}
+  \item \cs{plrgrid}
+  \item \cs{plrgridpoints}
+  \item \cs{plrpatch}
+  \item \cs{point}
+  \item \cs{rmarks}
+  \item \cs{tmarks}
+  \item \cs{vgridlines}
+  \item \cs{xaxis}
+  \item \cs{xmarks}
+  \item \cs{yaxis}
+  \item \cs{ymarks}
+
+\subsubsection{Setting options}
+
+  \item \cs{clearsymbols}
+  \item \cs{clipmfpic}
+  \item \cs{mfpicdebugfalse}
+  \item \cs{mfpicdebugtrue}
+  \item \cs{mfpicdraft}
+  \item \cs{mfpicfinal}
+  \item \cs{mfpicnowrite}
+  \item \cs{nocenteredcaptions}
+  \item \cs{noclearsymbols}
+  \item \cs{noclipmfpic}
+  \item \cs{nomplabels}
+  \item \cs{nooverlaylabels}
+  \item \cs{noship}
+  \item \cs{notruebbox}
+  \item \cs{overlaylabels}
+  \item \cs{resumeshipping}
+  \item \cs{stopshipping}
+  \item \cs{usecenteredcaptions}
+  \item \cs{usemetafont}
+  \item \cs{usemetapost}
+  \item \cs{usemplabels}
+  \item \cs{usetruebbox}
+
+\subsubsection{Changing values}
+
+  \item \cs{axismargin}
+  \item \cs{darkershade}
+  \item \cs{dashlineset}
+  \item \cs{dashpattern}
+  \item \cs{dotlineset}
+  \item \cs{drawpen}
+  \item \cs{hatchwd}
+  \item \cs{headshape}
+  \item \cs{lightershade}
+  \item \cs{mfpicnumber}
+  \item \cs{mfplinestyle}
+  \item \cs{mfplinetype}
+  \item \cs{pen}
+  \item \cs{penwd}
+  \item \cs{polkadotwd}
+  \item \cs{setallaxismargins}
+  \item \cs{setallbordermarks}
+  \item \cs{setaxismargins}
+  \item \cs{setaxismarks}
+  \item \cs{setbordermarks}
+  \item \cs{setmfvariable}
+  \item \cs{setmpvariable}
+  \item \cs{settension}
+  \item \cs{setxmarks}
+  \item \cs{setymarks}
+  \item \cs{shadewd}
+
+\subsubsection{Changing colors}
+
+  \item \cs{backgroundcolor}
+  \item \cs{drawcolor}
+  \item \cs{fillcolor}
+  \item \cs{hatchcolor}
+  \item \cs{headcolor}
+  \item \cs{mfpdefinecolor}
+  \item \cs{pointcolor}
+  \item \cs{tlabelcolor}
+
+\subsubsection{Defining arrays}
+
+  \item \cs{barchart}
+  \item \cs{bargraph}
+  \item \cs{histogram}
+  \item \cs{numericarray}
+  \item \cs{pairarray}
+  \item \cs{patharr}, \cs{endpatharr}
+  \item \cs{piechart}
+
+\subsubsection{Changing behavior}
+
+  \item \cs{clearsymbols}
+  \item \cs{coloredlines}
+  \item \cs{dashedlines}
+  \item \cs{datapointsonly}
+  \item \cs{defaultplot}
+  \item \cs{everytlabel}
+  \item \cs{makepercentcomment}
+  \item \cs{makepercentother}
+  \item \cs{mfpdatacomment}
+  \item \cs{mfpdataperline}
+  \item \cs{mfpverbtex}
+  \item \cs{noclearsymbols}
+  \item \cs{pointedlines}
+  \item \cs{pointfillfalse}
+  \item \cs{pointfilltrue}
+  \item \cs{reconfigureplot}
+  \item \cs{setrender}
+  \item \cs{smoothdata}
+  \item \cs{tlabeljustify}
+  \item \cs{tlabeloffset}
+  \item \cs{tlabelsep}
+  \item \cs{tlpathjustify}
+  \item \cs{unsmoothdata}
+  \item \cs{using}
+  \item \cs{usingnumericdefault}
+  \item \cs{usingpairdefault}
+
+\subsubsection{Files and environments}
+
+  \item \cs{closegraphsfile}
+  \item \cs{mfpframe},  \cs{endmfpframe}
+  \item \cs{mfpic}, \cs{endmfpic}
+  \item \cs{opengraphsfile}
+
+\subsubsection{Text}
+
+  \item \cs{axislabels}
+  \item \cs{plottext}
+  \item \cs{tcaption}
+  \item \cs{tlabels}
+  \item \cs{tlabel}
+
+\subsubsection{Misc} \widowpenalty10000
+
+  \item \cs{fdef}
+  \item \cs{getmfpicoffset}
+  \item \cs{ifmfpmpost}
+  \item \cs{mfcmd}
+  \item \cs{mflist}
+  \item \cs{mfpframed}
+  \item \cs{mfpicversion}
+  \item \cs{mfpverbtex}
+  \item \cs{mfsrc}
+  \item \cs{mftitle}
+  \item \cs{newfdim}
+  \item \cs{newsavepic}
+  \item \cs{plr}
+  \item \cs{pointdef}
+  \item \cs{preparemfpicgraphic}
+  \item \cs{savepic}
+  \item \cs{setmfpicgraphic}
+  \item \cs{setfilename}
+  \item \cs{sequence}
+  \item \cs{store}
+  \item \cs{tile}, \cs{endtile}
+  \item \cs{tmtitle}
+  \item \cs{usepic}
+
+
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/pictures.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/pictures.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..76be74689aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/pictures.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+%%% File: pictures.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+\magnification=\magstep1
+
+\newdimen\paperheight
+\newdimen\paperwidth
+%%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+% adjust these to your liking:
+\paperheight 11truein
+\paperwidth 8.5truein
+
+% Default plainTeX margins
+\hsize \paperwidth
+\advance\hsize -2 truein
+\hoffset 0 truein
+%
+\vsize\paperheight
+\advance\vsize -2.1 truein
+\voffset 0 truein
+
+\input mfpic
+%% Uncomment this if you prefer metapost...
+%\usemetapost
+
+\ifx\pdfoutput\UndEfInEd
+\else
+  \pdfpageheight=\paperheight
+  \pdfpagewidth=\paperwidth
+\fi
+
+\opengraphsfile{pics}
+
+\mfpframesep0pt
+\headshape{1}{1}{true}
+
+\def\vs{\bigskip\filbreak}
+
+\mftitle{Commutative Diagram example.}
+
+%  A-----D
+%  |\   /|
+%  | C-F |
+%  |/   \|
+%  B- - -E
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[12]{0}{10}{0}{10}
+\tlabeljustify{cc}
+\tcaption[2.0,1.0]{\raggedright{\it Figure 1:}  Commutative diagram example.}
+\tlabels{(1,9){A}
+         (1,1){B}
+         (3,5){C}
+         (9,9){D}
+         (9,1){E}
+         (7,5){F}}
+\setrender{\draw\arrow\trimpath{6pt}}
+\lines{(1,9), (1,1)}  % A -> B.
+\lines{(1,9), (3,5)}  % A -> C.
+\lines{(3,5), (1,1)}  % C -> B.
+\lines{(1,9), (9,9)}  % A -> D.
+\lines{(9,9), (9,1)}  % D -> E.
+\lines{(9,9), (7,5)}  % D -> F.
+\lines{(7,5), (9,1)}  % F -> E.
+\lines{(3,5), (7,5)}  % C -> F.
+% B- - ->E :
+%\dotted\arrow[r90][b-12pt]\arrow[b15pt]\reverse\arrow\lines{(1.5,1), (8.5,1)}
+\dotted\arrow\arrow[b10pt]\reverse\arrow\trimpath{6pt}\lines{(1,1), (9,1)}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Function Plot with Cartesian Axes.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[20]{-3}{3}{-3}{3}
+\axes
+\function{-2,2,0.1}{((x**3)-x)/3}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 2:}  Function Plot with Cartesian Axes.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Parametric Function Plot, and Filled Circle.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[30]{-1.5}{1.5}{-1}{1}
+\parafcn{0,6,0.1}{cosd(150t)*dir(90t)}
+\gfill\circle{(0,0),0.25}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 3:}  Parametric Function Plot, and
+Filled Circle.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Bar Graph.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[20]{-0.5}{4}{-0.5}{4}
+\axes
+\shade\draw\rect{(0,0),(1,0.5)}
+\darkershade
+\shade\draw\rect{(1,0),(2,1)}
+\hatch\draw\rect{(2,0),(3,2)}
+\tcaption{{\it Figure 4:}  Bar Graph.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Pie Chart.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[30]{-1.3}{1.7}{-1}{1.1}
+\gfill\sector{(0.3,0.2), 1, 0,60}
+\shade\sector{(0,0), 1, 60,105}
+\turtle{(0,0), \plr{(1,105)}}
+\sector{(0,0), 1, 60,360}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 5:}  Pie Chart.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\noindent Unindented text here.
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Circle with Arrow.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[20]{-2}{2}{-1}{1}
+\arrow\circle{(0,0),1}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 6:}  Circle with Arrow.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Use of hatch, draw, lclosed, connect, curve, point, lines,
+  dotted, reverse.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[20]{-3}{3}{-3}{3}
+\hatch\draw\lclosed\connect
+\curve{(1,0), (1,0.5), (1,1), (0,1.5)}
+\point{(0,0)}
+\endconnect
+\lines{(-1,1), (-1,-1), (1,-1.5)}
+\point{(0,0)}
+\dotted\reverse\lines{(-2,2), (-2,-2), (2,-3)}
+\tcaption{\rightskip= 0pt plus 3em {\it Figure 7:}  Use of hatch, draw, lclosed, connect,
+  curve, point, lines, dotted, reverse.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Simpler variant of the previous figure.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[40]{-1}{1}{-1}{1}  % Was `[20]'.
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 8:} Simpler variant of the previous figure.}
+\hatch\draw\lclosed\connect
+\curve{(1,0), (0.5,0.25), (0.5,0.5), (0,0.75)}
+\point{(0,0)}
+\endconnect
+\reverse\lines{(-0.5,0.5), (-0.5,-0.5), (0.5,-0.75)}
+\tcaption{\raggedright{\it Figure 8:} Simpler variant of the previous figure.}
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\vs
+
+\mftitle{Graph of data from file.}
+
+\noindent
+\mfpframe
+\mfpic[6]{-10}{10}{-2}{12}
+  \makepercentother
+    \using{#1% #2 #3}{(#1,#2)}
+  \makepercentcomment
+  \mfpdatacomment\#
+  \fcncurve\datafile{data.dat}
+  \axes
+\endmfpic
+\endmfpframe
+
+\closegraphsfile
+
+\end
+
+%%%
+%%%  EOF  pictures.tex
+%%%
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/refcard.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/refcard.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7078e262e48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/mfpic/refcard.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+%%% File: refcard.tex
+%%% A part of mfpic 0.7a beta 2004/04/16
+%%%
+% (Ask your driver to print so that longer dimension is horizontal)
+\newdimen\paperlongside
+    \paperlongside 11 truein
+\newdimen\papershortside
+    \papershortside 8.5 truein
+
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
+\else\ifx\pdfoutput\relax
+\else\ifnum\pdfoutput>0
+  \pdfpagewidth\paperlongside
+  \pdfpageheight\papershortside
+\fi\fi\fi
+
+\font\manual=cmcsc8
+\def\MF{{\manual meta}\-{\manual font}}
+\def\MP{{\manual meta}\-{\manual post}}
+\def\TeX{{\rm T\kern-.1667em\lower.5ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX\null}}
+\def\plainTeX{{\rm plain\kern -.15em\TeX}}
+\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\raise.42ex\hbox{\kern-.36em \manual a}\kern-.15em\TeX}}
+%\def\LaTeXe{\LaTeX$2_{\textstyle\varepsilon}$}
+\def\gobble#1{}
+\def\dooptparam[#1]{{\tt[#1]}\futurelet\nchr\domacro}
+\def\dofixparam[#1]{{\tt\string{#1\string}}\futurelet\nchr\domacro}
+\def\doparamswap{\if?\nchr\dooptparam[\expandafter\gobble
+  \else\dofixparam[\fi}
+\def\doparam{\futurelet\nchr\doparamswap}
+\def\ddoparam{\expandafter\doparam\gobble}
+\def\domacro{\if[\nchr\expandafter\ddoparam\fi}
+\def\bsl{{\tt\char\escapechar}}
+\def\mac#1{\bsl{\tt#1}\futurelet\nchr\domacro}
+
+% logical markup to typeset filenames, program names, MF code,
+% grafbase identifiers, environment names, email addresses, and
+% emphasis.
+\def\file#1{{\tt #1}}
+\def\prog#1{{\sf #1}} % didn't want everything in \tt
+\def\mfc#1{{\tt #1}}
+\def\opt#1{{\tt #1}}  % LaTeX2e option names
+\def\gbc#1{{\tt #1}}
+\def\env#1{{\tt #1}}
+\def\mail#1{{\tt #1}}
+\def\emph#1{{\it #1\/}}
+
+% Forced, Clean, Linebreak.
+
+\def\brk{\nobreak\hfil\break}
+
+\newcount\columnsperpage
+
+% Entries are too wide for 3 columns.  Print 2 columns landscape
+\columnsperpage=2
+
+% The rest of this header is nicked from gnuplot (which took it from
+% Emacs) but was drastically adapted for mfpic.
+%
+% This file is intended to be processed by plainTeX.
+%
+%    You will need to inform your dvi driver to print it in landscape
+%    and, optionally, double sided.
+% Author of GNU Emacs Refcard:
+%  Stephen Gildea
+%  UUCP: mit-erl!gildea
+%  Internet: gildea@erl.mit.edu
+%
+% Person who ripped off the formatter for gnuplot:
+%  Alex Woo
+%  NASA Ames Research Center
+%  Internet: woo@ames.arc.nasa.gov
+%
+% Modified on 9 Dec 1992 by:
+%  Daniel S. Lewart
+%  University of Illinois
+%  Internet: d-lewart@uiuc.edu
+%
+% Modified on 29 Sep 1999, 11 Jul 2002, 29 Sep 2003 %(for mfpic) by:
+%  Daniel H. Luecking
+%  University of Arkansas
+%  luecking@uark.edu
+
+\newdimen\intercolumnskip
+\newbox\columna
+\newbox\columnb
+
+\hsize4.75truein
+\vsize 7.25truein
+
+% Equal left right, right and middle margins, about .5in on USletter
+\intercolumnskip=\paperlongside
+\advance\intercolumnskip -2\hsize
+\intercolumnskip .33333\intercolumnskip
+\hoffset\intercolumnskip
+\advance\hoffset -1truein
+
+% Equal top and bottom margins, about .4in on A4 paper
+\voffset\papershortside
+\advance\voffset-\vsize
+\voffset .5\voffset
+\advance\voffset -1truein
+
+\topskip8truept
+
+\font\manual=cmcsc10 at 8pt
+\font\titlefont=cmbx10 scaled \magstep1
+\font\headingfont=cmbx10
+\font\smallfont=cmr6
+\font\smallsy=cmsy6
+\font\eighti=cmmi8
+\font\sixi=cmmi6
+\font\eightex=cmex10 at 8pt
+\font\eightrm=cmr8
+\font\eightbf=cmbx8
+\let\subheadingfont\eightbf
+\font\sixbf=cmbx6
+\font\eightit=cmti8
+\font\eighttt=cmtt8
+\font\eightsy=cmsy8
+\font\sixsy=cmsy6
+\font\eightsf=cmss10 at 8pt
+\font\eightsl=cmsl8
+\font\tensf=cmss10
+\textfont0=\eightrm \scriptfont0=\smallfont
+\textfont1=\eighti \scriptfont1=\sixi
+\textfont2=\eightsy \scriptfont2=\sixsy
+\textfont3=\eightex \scriptfont3=\eightex \scriptscriptfont3=\eightex
+\textfont\bffam\eightbf \scriptfont\bffam\sixbf
+\def\rm{\fam0\eightrm}
+\def\bf{\fam\bffam\eightbf}
+\def\it{\eightit}
+\def\tt{\eighttt}
+\def\sf{\eightsf}
+\def\sl{\eightsl}
+\smallskipamount 2pt plus 1pt minus 0pt
+\medskipamount 5pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
+\bigskipamount 10pt plus 3pt minus 3pt
+\normalbaselineskip=10pt
+\normalbaselines
+\rm
+\setbox\strutbox=\hbox{\vrule height6.8pt depth3.2pt width0pt}
+
+\def\abc{a}
+\output={%
+    \if b\abc \multicolumnformat \global\def\abc{a}
+    \else\if a\abc
+      \global\setbox\columna\columnbox \global\def\abc{b}
+      \global\setbox\columnb\hbox to -\intercolumnskip{}
+    \fi\fi}
+\def\multicolumnformat{\shipout\vbox{%
+    \hbox{\box\columna\hskip\intercolumnskip
+      \box\columnb\hskip\intercolumnskip\columnbox}}\advancepageno}
+\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}}
+
+\def\bye{\par\vfill\supereject
+  \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
+  \if a\abc \else\null\vfill\eject\fi
+  \end}
+
+% Typewriter type braces (redefinitions of escaped braces) :
+\def\{{{\tt \char`\{}}
+\def\}{{\tt\char`\}}}
+
+
+\parindent 0pt
+
+\def\title#1{{\titlefont\centerline{#1}}\vskip 1ex plus .5ex}
+
+\def\section#1{\par\filbreak
+  \vskip 2.25ex plus 2ex minus 2ex {\headingfont #1}%
+  \vskip 1.25ex plus 1ex minus 1.5ex}
+
+\def\subsection#1{\ifhmode\par\fi
+  \ifdim\lastskip<1.5ex
+    \vskip -\lastskip
+    \vskip 1.5ex plus 1ex minus 1ex
+  \fi
+  \filbreak
+  {\subheadingfont #1}%
+  \vskip .75ex plus .5ex minus .5ex}
+
+\newdimen\describeindent
+\describeindent=0em
+
+\def\var#1{$\langle${\it #1\/}$\rangle$}
+\def\alt{\unskip$\;|\;$\hfilbreak}
+\def\hfilbreak{\hfil\allowbreak\hfilneg}
+
+\newdimen\secondkeyindent
+
+\def\describe#1#2{\leavevmode\vtop
+  {\hsize=\firstkeyfrac\hsize\rightskip=1em plus 1 fill\relax
+   \secondkeyindent\describeindent \advance\secondkeyindent 1em
+   \hangindent\secondkeyindent \hangafter1
+   \hskip\describeindent\relax\strut#1\nobreak\hskip0pt\strut}%
+   \vtop
+  {\hsize=\secondkeyfrac\hsize\rightskip=0pt plus 1 fill\relax
+   \leavevmode\strut#2\unskip\strut}\par}
+\def\code#1{{\sf #1}}
+
+\title{MFPIC Quick Reference}
+
+\centerline{(Copyright 2000--2003 by Daniel Luecking)}
+\medskip
+This information was prepared for version 0.7 of \prog{mfpic}.
+
+\section{Preamble commands}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.4}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.6}
+
+\describe{Load \prog{mfpic} package:}
+        {\mac{input} \file{mfpic}, or \mac{usepackage}[?\var{options}][mfpic]}
+\describe{Options}{\opt{metafont} \alt \opt{metapost}, \opt{mplabels},
+         overlaylabels \opt{centeredcaptions}, \opt{clip},
+         \opt{truebbox}, \opt{draft}, \opt{final}, \opt{nowrite}}
+\describe{Activate options (\plainTeX)}
+         {\mac{usemetafont} \alt \mac{usemetapost}, \mac{usemplabels},
+         \mac{overlaylabels} \mac{usecenteredcaptions}, \mac{clipmfpic},
+         \mac{usetruebbox}, \mac{mfpicdraft}, \mac{mfpicfinal},
+         \mac{mfpicnowrite}}
+\describe{Turn off some options}
+        {\mac{nomplabels}, \mac{nooverlaylabels}
+        \mac{nocenteredcaptions}, \mac{noclipmfpic}, \mac{notruebbox}}
+\describe{Set up/close the output file}
+        {\mac{opengraphsfile}[\var{base name}]$\ldots$\mac{closegraphsfile}}
+
+\section{The {\tensf mfpic} environment}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.30}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.70}
+
+\describe{Start an \prog{mfpic} figure}
+    {\mac{mfpic}[?\var{xscale}][?\var{yscale}]%
+    \{\var{$x_{\min}$}\}\allowbreak\{\var{$x_{ max}$}\}\allowbreak
+    \{\var{$y_{min}$}\}\allowbreak\{\var{$y_{max}$}\}\brk
+    \ \ \ \ \var{MFpic commands}\brk
+    \mac{endmfpic}}
+\describe{\quad\LaTeX{} (optional)}
+        {\mac{begin}[mfpic]${}\equiv{}$\mac{mfpic},
+          \mac{end}[mfpic]${}\equiv{}$\mac{endmfpic}}
+
+\smallskip
+The default \var{xscale} is $1$ (\mac{mfpicunit}), default \var{yscale}
+is \var{xscale}.
+
+\section{Dimensions (lengths)}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.58}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.42}
+
+\describe{\sl Purpose; where used:} {\sl Name and default value:}
+\vskip1pt
+\describe{Unit of length; \mac{mfpic}} {\mac{mfpicunit}, \tt 1pt}
+\describe{Size of a symbol; \mac{point}, \mac{plot}, and \mac{plotsymbol}}
+        {\mac{pointsize}, \tt 2pt}
+\describe{Darkness of shading; \mac{shade}} {\mac{shadespace}, \tt 1pt }
+\describe{Space between dots; \mac{polkadot}}
+    {\mac{polkadotspace}, \tt 10pt}
+\describe{Space between hatch lines; hatching macros}
+    {\mac{hatchspace}, \tt 3pt}
+\describe{Size of arrowhead; \mac{arrow}} {\mac{headlen}, \tt 3pt}
+\describe{Size of x-, y-axis arrowhead; xy-axes macros}
+    {\mac{axisheadlen}, \tt 5pt}
+\describe{Size of border axis arrowhead; side axis macros}
+    {\mac{sideheadlen}, \tt 0pt}
+\describe{Size of marks on axes; axis marks} {\mac{hashlen}, \tt 4pt}
+\describe{Size of dashes; \mac{dashed}} {\mac{dashlen}, \tt 4pt}
+\describe{Space between dashes; \mac{dashed}} {\mac{dashspace}, \tt 4pt}
+\describe{Size of dots; \mac{dotted}} {\mac{dotsize}, \tt 0.5pt}
+\describe{Space between dots; \mac{dotted}} {\mac{dotspace}, 3pt}
+\describe{Space between symbols; \mac{plot}} {\mac{symbolspace}, \tt 5pt}
+
+\medskip
+The following commands are used to change the size of some dimension
+parameters:
+
+\smallskip
+\describe{{\sl Purpose} ({\sl default\/}):} {\sl Command:}
+\vskip1pt
+\describe{Set diameter of drawing pen ({\tt 0.5pt})}
+        {\mac{penwd}[\var{dimen}]}
+\describe{Set diameter of shading dots ({\tt 0.5pt})}
+        {\mac{shadewd}[\var{dimen}]}
+\describe{Set diameter of polkadot ({\tt 5pt})}
+        {\mac{polkadotwd}[\var{dimen}]}
+\describe{Set diameter of hatching pen ({\tt 0.5pt})}
+        {\mac{hatchwd}[\var{dimen}]}
+\describe{Multiply \mac{shadespace} by 1.2} {\mac{lightershade}}
+\describe{Divide \mac{shadespace} by 1.2} {\mac{darkershade}}
+
+
+\section{Colors}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.45}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.55}
+
+\smallskip
+\describe{Set color for curves} {\mac{drawcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{Set color for fills} {\mac{fillcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{Set color for points, symbols} {\mac{pointcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{Set color for hatching} {\mac{hatchcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{Set color for arrowheads} {\mac{headcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{Set color for tlabels} {\mac{tlabelcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{Set color used by \mac{gclear}} {\mac{backgroundcolor}[\var{color}]}
+\describe{\quad \LaTeX{} syntax}
+        {\mac{drawcolor}[?\var{model}][\var{clrspec}], etc.}
+\describe{Define a color name} {\mac{mfpdefinecolor}[\var{name}][\var{model}][\var{clrspec}]}
+
+
+\section{Common geometric figures}
+
+Drawing commands that operate on a variable length list in braces may
+be followed by \mac{datafile}[\var{filename}] instead of the list.
+
+\subsection{Points}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.42}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.58}
+
+\describe{Place a symbol at given point(s)}
+        {\mac{plotsymbol}[?\var{size}][\var{name}]%
+         [($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),$\ldots$]}
+\describe{\quad Available symbol names} {{\tt Triangle}, {\tt Square}, {\tt Circle}, {\tt
+        Diamond}, {\tt Star}, {\tt SolidTriangle}, {\tt SolidSquare}, {\tt SolidCircle},
+        {\tt SolidDiamond}, \tt{SolidStar}, {\tt Plus}, {\tt Cross},
+        {\tt Asterisk}}
+\describe{Points (filled or unfilled circles)}
+        {\mac{point}[?\var{size}][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),$\ldots$]}
+\describe{Force filled/open circles in \mac{point}:}
+        {\mac{pointfilltrue}/\mac{pointfillfalse}}
+
+\subsection{Lines}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.45}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.55}
+
+\describe{Connect points with lines}
+        {\mac{polyline}[($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),$\ldots$],
+         or (\mac{lines})}
+\describe{Closed polygon}
+        {\mac{polygon}[($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),$\ldots$]}
+\describe{Concatenate vectors}
+        {\mac{turtle}[\var{initialpoint},\var{$v_1$},\var{$v_2$},$\ldots$]}
+\describe{Rectangle (upright) with given corners}
+        {\mac{rect}[($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$)]}
+
+\subsection{Circles, arcs and ellipses}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.55}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.45}
+
+\describe{Circles} {}
+\describe{\qquad polar form (default):}
+        {\mac{circle}[?p][\var{center},\var{radius}]}
+\describe{\qquad three-point form:}
+        {\mac{circle}[?t][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),($x_2,y_2$)]}
+\describe{\qquad center-point form:}
+        {\mac{circle}[?c][\var{center},\var{point}]}
+\describe{\qquad point-sweep form:}
+        {\mac{circle}[?s][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),\var{angle}]}
+\describe{Arcs} {}
+\describe{\qquad polar form:}
+        {\mac{arc}[?p][\var{center},\var{$\theta_1$},\var{$\theta_2$},%
+        \var{radius}]}
+\describe{\qquad three-point form:}
+        {\mac{arc}[?t][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),($x_2,y_2$)]}
+\describe{\qquad center-point-angle form:}
+        {\mac{arc}[?c][\var{center},\var{point},\var{angle}]}
+\describe{\qquad point-sweep form (default):}
+        {\mac{arc}[?s][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),\var{angle}]}
+\describe{Ellipse, center $(x_0,y_0)$, radii \var{$r_x$}, \var{$r_y$}, angle
+\var{$\theta$}}
+        {\mac{ellipse}[?\var{$\theta$}]%
+        \tt\{($x_0,y_0$),\var{$r_x$},\var{$r_y$}\}}
+
+\section{General curves}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.45}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.55}
+
+A \var{spec} can be {\tt p} (for polyline) or {\tt s} (for smooth)
+followed by a number for the tension.
+
+\smallskip
+\describe{Smooth curve through points}
+        {\mac{curve}[?\var{tension}][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),$\ldots$]}
+\describe{Graph of $y=f(x)$}
+        {\mac{function}[?\var{spec}][$x_{\min}$,$x_{\max}$,%
+         $\Delta x$][$f(\hbox{\tt x})$]}
+\describe{Graph of parametric curve $(x(t),y(t))$}
+        {\mac{parafcn}[?\var{spec}][$t_{\min}$,$t_{\max}$,$\Delta t$]%
+         [($x(\hbox{\tt t})$, $y(\hbox{\tt t})$)]}
+\describe{Graph of $r = f(\theta)$}
+        {\mac{plrfcn}[?\var{spec}]%
+        [$\theta_{\min}$,$\theta_{\max}$,$\Delta\theta$][$f(\hbox{\tt t})$]}
+\describe{Interpolate with a smooth {\it function}}
+        {\mac{fcncurve}[?\var{tension}][($x_0,y_0$),($x_1,y_1$),$\ldots$]}
+\describe{Curve from data in a file*}
+        {\mac{datafile}[?\var{spec}][\var{file}]}
+\describe{\quad Set how \mac{datafile} processes a line}
+        {\mac{using}[\var{read\_pattern}][\var{write\_pattern}]\brk
+        Default is \mac{using}[\#1 \#2 \#3][(\#1,\#2)]}
+
+
+\section{Regions}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.45}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.55}
+
+Curves are not necessarily `closed' even if the start and end are the
+same. The following are closed (may be filled), as are \mac{rect},
+\mac{polygon}, \mac{circle}, and \mac{ellipse}.
+
+\smallskip
+\describe{Closed curve through given points}
+        {\mac{cyclic}[?\var{tension}][$(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2),\ldots$]}
+\describe{Circular sector (pie slice)}
+        {\mac{sector}[\var{center},\var{radius},\var{$\theta_1$},%
+         \var{$\theta_2$}]}
+\describe{Region between two functions} {\mac{btwnfcn}[?\var{spec}][$x_{\min}$,%
+         $x_{\max}$,$\Delta x$][$f(\hbox{\tt x})$][$g(\hbox{\tt x})$]}
+\describe{Region in polar coordinates}
+        {\mac{plrregion}[?\var{spec}][$\theta_{\min}$,$\theta_{\max}$,%
+        $\Delta \theta$][$f(\hbox{\tt t})$]}
+\describe{Curves surrounding text}
+        {\mac{tlabelrect}[?\var{radius}]{\tt(\var{x},\var{y})\{\var{text}\}}\brk
+         \mac{tlabeloval}[?\var{mult}]{\tt(\var{x},\var{y})\{\var{text}\}}\brk
+         \mac{tlabelellipse}[?\var{ratio}]{\tt(\var{x},\var{y})\{\var{text}\}}\brk
+         \var{radius}: round corners. \var{mult}: stretch horizontally.
+         \var{ratio}: width/height of ellipse}
+
+
+\section{Prefix macros}
+
+\subsection{Drawing curves}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.4}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.6}
+
+\describe{Dashed path}{\mac{dashed}[?\var{length},\var{gap}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Dotted path}{\mac{dotted}[?\var{size},\var{gap}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Trace a path with symbols}
+        {\mac{plot}[?\var{size},\var{gap}][\var{symbol}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Generalized dashes}{\mac{gendashed}[\var{patname}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\quad Define a named dash pattern}
+        {\mac{dashpattern}[\var{patname}][\var{len$_1$},\var{len$_2$},$\ldots$,%
+            \var{len$_{2n}$}]}
+\describe{Place a symbol at all nodes}
+        {\mac{plotnodes}[?\var{size}][\var{symbol}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Solid curve*}{\mac{draw}[?\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+
+
+\subsection{Closing a curve}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.45}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.55}
+
+These turn any path into a `closed' path (result may be filled).
+
+\smallskip
+\describe{Close with a straight line,}{\mac{lclosed}$\ldots$}
+\describe{Close with a smooth join, like \mac{cycle},}{\mac{sclosed}$\ldots$}
+\describe{Close letting \MF{} choose}{\mac{bclosed}$\ldots$}
+
+\subsection{Filling closed curves}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.4}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.6}
+
+These filling prefixes turn off drawing of the curve.
+
+\smallskip
+\describe{Solid fill} {\mac{gfill}[?\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Unfill} {\mac{gclear}$\ldots$}
+\describe{Hatched fills}
+        {\mac{thatch}[?\var{space},\var{angle}][?\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\qquad \var{angle}${}=45\,$deg}
+        {\mac{rhatch}[?\var{space}][?\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\qquad \var{angle}${}=-45\,$deg}
+        {\mac{lhatch}[?\var{space}][?\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\qquad crosshatching}
+        {\mac{xhatch}[?\var{space}][?\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{}  {\mac{hatch} $=$ \mac{xhatch}}
+\describe{Shading}
+        {\mac{shade}[?\var{space}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Polkadot fill}{\mac{polkadot}[?\var{space}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Fill with copies of a tile} {\mac{tess}[\var{tile}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\quad Define a tile*}
+        {\mac{tile}[\var{name},\var{unit},\var{width},\var{height},\var{clip}]
+        \var{drawing commands} \mac{endtile}}
+
+\smallskip
+* Creates a mini-mfpic, clipped if \var{clip}${}={}${\tt true}.
+
+\subsection{Storing and reusing a path}
+
+\describe{Store a path} {\mac{store}[\var{name}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\quad reusing a stored path} {\mac{mfobj}[\var{name}]}
+
+\subsection{Subpaths}
+
+\describe{Subpath by fraction of length}
+        {\mac{partpath}[\var{frac1},\var{frac2}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Subpath by node number} {\mac{subpath}[\var{m},\var{n}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Cutting by another path}
+        {\mac{cutoffafter}[\var{obj}]$\ldots$,
+        \mac{cutoffbefore}[\var{obj}]$\ldots$.\brk
+        \var{obj} is a name created with \mac{store}}
+\describe{Trim the ends of a path}
+        {\mac{trimpath}[\var{dim1},\var{dim2}]$\ldots$}
+
+
+\subsection{Modifying a curve}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.4}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.6}
+
+\describe{Add arrowhead to the end}
+        {\mac{arrow}[?l\var{length}][?r\var{angle}]%
+         [?b\var{backset}][?c\var{color}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{\quad Define arrowhead shape}
+        {\mac{headshape}[\var{ratio}][\var{tension}][\var{filled}]}
+\describe{Reverse a curve} {\mac{reverse}$\ldots$}
+\describe{Double arrow} {\mac{arrow}\mac{reverse}\mac{arrow}$\ldots$}
+\describe{Rotate around a point} {\mac{rotatepath}[($x_0$,$y_0$),\var{angle}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Reflect about a line} {\mac{reflectpath}[($x_0$,$y_0$),($x_1$,$y_1$)]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Shift} {\mac{shiftpath}[($dx$,$dy$)]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Scale around a point} {\mac{scalepath}[($x_0$,$y_0$),\var{scale}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{xscale about line $x=x_0$} {\mac{xscalepath}[$x_0$,\var{scale}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{yscale about line $y=y_0$} {\mac{yscalepath}[$y_0$,\var{scale}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{slant, pivoting on line $y=y_0$} {\mac{slantpath}[$y_0$,\var{slant}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{yslant, pivoting on line $x=x_0$} {\mac{yslantpath}[$x_0$,\var{slant}]$\ldots$}
+\describe{Swap x and y} {\mac{xyswappath}$\ldots$}
+
+
+\section{Axes}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.30}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.70}
+
+\describe{Draw x- and/or y-axes} {\mac{axes}[?\var{headlen}],
+        \mac{xaxis}[?\var{headlen}], \mac{yaxis}[?\var{headlen}]}
+\describe{Draw various axes}
+        {\mac{axis}[?\var{headlen}][\var{axis}], \ \var{axis} is one of
+        {\tt x}, {\tt y}, {\tt l}, {\tt b}, {\tt r}, or {\tt t}.}
+\describe{Draw many axes} {\mac{doaxes}[?\var{headlen}][\var{list}], \
+        \var{list} of letters, no commas.}
+\describe{Shift border axis inward}
+        {\mac{axismargin}[\var{axis}][\var{amt}], \ \var{amt} is
+        in graph units.}
+\describe{Add hashmarks to axes}{%
+        \mac{axismarks}[\var{axis}][?\var{len}][$c_1$,$c_2$,$\ldots$], \
+        $c_j$ are positions.\brk Abbrev. by
+        \mac{xmarks} for \mac{axismarks}[x], etc.}
+\describe{Change position of hash marks}
+        {\mac{setaxismarks}[\var{axis}][\var{pos}] \ \var{pos} is one of
+            {\tt inside}, {\tt outside}, {\tt centered}, {\tt ontop},
+            {\tt onbottom}, {\tt onleft}, or {\tt onright}.}
+
+\section{Miscellaneous}
+
+\def\firstkeyfrac{.30}
+\def\secondkeyfrac{.70}
+
+\describe{Text labels}
+        {\mac{tlabel}[?\var{pos}\var{$\theta$}]%
+                {\tt($x$,$y$)\{\var{\TeX{} text}\}}\brk
+         \mac{tlabels}[\var{args$_1$}\var{args$_2$}$\ldots$]\brk
+         \mac{axislabels}[\var{axis}][?\var{pos}\var{$\theta$}]%
+                [\{\var{txt$_1$}\}\var{$n_1$},%
+                \{\var{txt$_2$}\}\var{$n_2$},$\ldots$]\brk
+            \var{pos} is a two-letter sequence, \var{$\theta$}* the
+            angle of rotation in degrees;
+            \var{args$_j$} is an entire set of arguments as in
+            \mac{tlabel};
+            \var{axis} is a letter, \var{txt$_j$} is label, \var{$n_j$}
+            is coordinate on axis}
+\describe{Clipping to a path} {\mac{gclip}$\ldots$}
+\describe{Polar conversion}
+        {\mac{plr}[($r_0$,$\theta_0$),($r_1$,$\theta_1$),$\ldots$]}
+\describe{Connect paths} {\mac{connect} \var{path1} \var{path2} $\ldots$
+        \mac{endconnect}}
+\describe{Draw many curves from one datafile}
+        {\mac{plotdata}[?\var{spec}][\var{file}], \ \var{spec} is {\tt
+        p} or {\tt s\var{num}} where \var{num} is the (optional) tension
+        in the smooth curve}
+\describe{Set how \mac{plotdata} draws curves$\dag$}{\mac{dashedlines}
+        \ (different dash patterns)\brk
+        \mac{coloredlines} \ (different colors, \MP{} only)\brk
+        \mac{pointedlines} \ (different symbols, like \mac{plot})\brk
+        \mac{datapointsonly} \ (different symbols, like \mac{plotnodes})}
+
+\smallskip
+* The angle is optional, and ignored unless option \opt{mplabels} is
+in effect.\brk
+$\dag$ \mac{plotdata} also respects the \mac{using} setting (see
+\mac{datafile} in section {\bf General curves}).
+
+\bye
+
+% Other commands:
+\mac{setrender}[\<\TeX{} commands\>]
+
+\mac{coords}$\ldots$\mac{endcoords}
+\mac{applyT}[\<transformer\>]
+\mac{rotate}[$\theta$]
+\mac{rotatearound}[$p$][$\theta$]
+\mac{turn}[?$p$][$\theta$]
+\mac{mirror}[$p_1$][$p_2$]
+\mac{reflectabout}[$p_1$][$p_2$]
+\mac{shift}[$p$]
+\mac{scale}[$s$]
+\mac{xscale}[$s$]
+\mac{yscale}[$s$]
+\mac{zscale}[$p$]
+\mac{xslant}[$s$]
+\mac{yslant}[$s$]
+\mac{zslant}[$s$]
+\mac{boost}[$\chi$]
+\mac{xyswap}
+
+\mac{fdef}[\<fcn\>]%
+  (\<param1\>,\<param2\>,$\ldots$)%
+  [\<mf-expr\>]
+
+\mac{tcaption}[?\<maxwd\>,\<linewd\>][\<caption text\>]
+
+\mac{savepic}\bsl\<picname\>
+\mac{newsavepic}
+\mac{usepic}
+
+\mac{dashlineset}, \mac{dotlineset}
+
+\mac{mfsrc}[\<metafont code\>]
+\mac{noship}
+
+\mac{store}[\<path variable\>][\<path\>]
+\mac{mfobj}[\<path expression\>]
+\mac{patharr}[\<pv\>]$\ldots$\mac{endpatharr}
+
+\mac{mftitle}[\<title\>]
+\mac{tmtitle}[\<title\>]
+
+\mac{newfdim}[\<fdim\>]
+
+\mac{setmfpicgraphic}
+\mac{getmfpicoffset}
+\mac{setfilename}
+
+\bye