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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-08-27 18:22:43 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2006-08-27 18:22:43 +0000
commitb992fc9dd36aa32f8933d16f557398beb47b4067 (patch)
tree7afc3e67afc57e08957d8b61321f517fb7eea784 /Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel
parent3875fb4f1f03dec9875f95e5ebebc7dfab4a5f2a (diff)
latex required package babel update from latex-tds (27aug06)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@2046 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel')
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/athnum.pdfbin0 -> 94835 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdfbin1824392 -> 2330490 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbcompat.pdfbin0 -> 52177 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbidxglo.pdfbin0 -> 57241 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt26
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex103
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt27
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-fdd.pdfbin0 -> 94463 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdfbin0 -> 107851 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grmath.pdfbin0 -> 66559 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grsymb.pdfbin0 -> 64790 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/legal.bbl37
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/manifest.bbl115
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex216
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.pdfbin0 -> 171859 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex961
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1401.pdfbin0 -> 94289 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1401.tex266
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1604.pdfbin0 -> 120927 bytes
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1604.tex448
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/usage.tex243
-rw-r--r--Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/user.pdfbin714488 -> 0 bytes
22 files changed, 203 insertions, 2239 deletions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/athnum.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/athnum.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..271518f5b26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/athnum.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf
index 9bfc6264d1d..14d35f2e167 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/babel.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbcompat.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbcompat.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0556d49148f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbcompat.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbidxglo.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbidxglo.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..711749cba5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/bbidxglo.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt
index cc860ecba1c..96491ddb346 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/changes.txt
@@ -8,6 +8,30 @@ are not part of the distribution.
==========================================================================
+2005-11-23 Johannes Braams <babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * bahasa/bahasam.dtx: New language added to the distribution
+
+ * base/babel.dtx (subsection{Language options}): Added the option
+ albanian and malay, meyalu and bahasam for Bahasa Malaysia, added
+ the options bahasai, indonesian and indon for Bahasa Indonesia.
+
+ * albanian/albanian.dtx: New language added to the distribution
+
+2005-11-17 Johannes Braams <babel at latex-project.org)
+
+ * latin/latin.dtx (section{Latin shortcuts}\label{s:shrtcts}):
+ Claudio changed \allowhyphens to \bbl@allowhyphens to have the
+ same behaviour with T1 and OT1.
+ (section{Latin shortcuts}\label{s:shrtcts}): Claudio added
+ \LatinMarksOn and \LatinMarksOff
+ (section{Etymological hyphenation}): Claudio added a \nobreak in
+ the definition of \lt@allowhyphens
+
+ * italian/italian.dtx (subsection{Support for etymological
+ hyphenation}): Claudio replaced a \it@next with \it@@next and
+ added a \nobreak in \it@@cwm
+
2005-05-21 Johannes Braams <babel at latex-project.org)
* base/babel.dtx (subsubsection{\pkg{varioref}}): The varioref
@@ -24,7 +48,7 @@ are not part of the distribution.
adding language information to the marks appeared to rely on
LaTeX's definition of \markboth and \markright, but broke with
classes such as amsart that contain a different definition (PR
- 3750 and 3756). Also, the use of \noexpand brok with fancyhdr;
+ 3750 and 3756). Also, the use of \noexpand broke with fancyhdr;
replaced with \protect (found by Frank Mitelbach)
* italian/italian.dtx: Received a new version of italian.dtx from
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 7be9dbc31d4..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/esbst.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% This is file `esbst.tex',
-%% generated with the docstrip utility.
-%%
-%% The original source files were:
-%%
-%% spanish.dtx (with options: `bblbst')
-%% This is a generated file.
-%%
-%% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-%% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%%
-%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
-%% ---------------------------------------------------------
-%%
-%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-%% The latest version of this license is in
-%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%%
-%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%%
-%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%%
-%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
-%% system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
-%% such generated files.
-%%
-%% The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
-%% given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
-%% information.
-%%
-%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-%% File `spanish.dtx'
-%% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
-%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2004
-%% by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
-%% Spanish Language Definition File
-%% Copyright (C) 1997 - 2005
-%% by Javier Bezos (jbezos at wanadoo.es)
-%% Apartado 116.035
-%% E-28080 Madrid
-%% Espa\~na / Espagne
-%% and
-%% by CervanTeX (www.cervantex.org)
-%% Please report errors to: Javier Bezos (preferably)
-%% jbezos at wanadoo.es
-%% J.L. Braams
-%% babel at braams.cistron.nl
-%% \section{\textsf{spanish} como lengua principal}
-\def\bbland{y}
-\def\bbleditors{directores} \def\bbleds{dirs.\@}
-\def\bbleditor{director} \def\bbled{dir.\@}
-\def\bbledby{dirigido por}
-\def\bbledition{edici\'on} \def\bbledn{ed.\@}
-\def\bbletal{y otros}
-\def\bblvolume{vol\'umen} \def\bblvol{vol.\@}
-\def\bblof{de}
-\def\bblnumber{n\'umero} \def\bblno{n\sptext{o}}
-\def\bblin{en}
-\def\bblpages{p\'aginas} \def\bblpp{p\'ags.\@}
-\def\bblpage{p\'gina} \def\bblp{p\'ag.\@}
-\def\bblchapter{cap\'itulo} \def\bblchap{cap.\@}
-\def\bbltechreport{informe t\'ecnico}
-\def\bbltechrep{inf.\@ t\'ec.\@}
-\def\bblmthesis{proyecto de fin de carrera}
-\def\bblphdthesis{tesis doctoral}
-\def\bblfirst {primera} \def\bblfirsto {1\sptext{a}}
-\def\bblsecond{segunda} \def\bblsecondo{2\sptext{a}}
-\def\bblthird {tercera} \def\bblthirdo {3\sptext{a}}
-\def\bblfourth{cuarta} \def\bblfourtho{4\sptext{a}}
-\def\bblfifth {quinta} \def\bblfiftho {5\sptext{a}}
-\def\bblth{\sptext{a}}
-\let\bblst\bblth \let\bblnd\bblth \let\bblrd\bblth
-\def\bbljan{enero} \def\bblfeb{febrero} \def\bblmar{marzo}
-\def\bblapr{abril} \def\bblmay{mayo} \def\bbljun{junio}
-\def\bbljul{julio} \def\bblaug{agosto} \def\bblsep{septiembre}
-\def\bbloct{octubre}\def\bblnov{noviembre}\def\bbldec{diciembre}
-%%
-%% \CharacterTable
-%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
-%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
-%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
-%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
-%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
-%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
-%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
-%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
-%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
-%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
-%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
-%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
-%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
-%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
-%%
-\endinput
-%%
-%% End of file `esbst.tex'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt
index 520a52ff113..9e0397caa9d 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/fixes.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
Fixes since last major release (3.8a)
- 20 February 2004
+ 23 November 2005
+November 23, 2005 Added support for Albanian (submitted by Adi Zaimi)
+ and Bahasa Malaysia (submitted by Bob Margolis). The
+ original option bahasa was for Bahasa Indonesia;
+ that support can now also be loaded with the options
+ bahasai, indon and indonesian. The new version is
+ loaded with the options malay, meyalu or bahasam.
+
+November 17, 2005 New version of latin.dtx and italian.dtx by Clausio
+ Beccari
+
+May 21, 2005 Fixed PR's3750 and 3756 and a compatibility problem
+ with the package fancyhdr
+
+March 31, 2005 Welsh Translation for Glossary
+
+March 24, 2005 May enhancements to the documentation
+
+June 12, 2004 Added the options australian, newzealand
+
+May 26, 2004 Make sure that an empty mark stays empty
+
+May 2, 2004 Made the definitions of \glq, \grqq, \flq, \frq,
+ \flqq, \frqq font encoding dependant
+
+April 19, 2004 Internal changes to the shorthand mechanism
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-fdd.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-fdd.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7c1367aee64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-fdd.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..397cb897730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/greek-usage.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grmath.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grmath.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15d20c6a7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grmath.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grsymb.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grsymb.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b4b49e7c34c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/grsymb.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/legal.bbl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/legal.bbl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b786a435846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/legal.bbl
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+ Babel Copyright, Warranty and Distribution Restrictions
+
+ 29 March 2005
+
+
+COPYRIGHT
+=========
+
+This distribution is
+Copyright 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005
+Johannes L. Braams and the individual authors listed in the
+language definition files.
+
+
+License
+=======
+
+Babel is free software that can be redistributed and/or modified
+under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License as specified
+in the file lppl.txt.
+The latest version of this license is in
+ http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
+and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
+version 2003/12/01 or later.
+
+The use of Babel is unrestricted.
+
+This Work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
+
+The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution
+is given in the file `manifest.bbl'.
+
+Files generated by means of unpacking the distribution (using, for
+example, the docstrip program) may be distributed at the distributor's
+discretion. However if they are distributed then a copy of the base
+system must be distributed together with them.
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/manifest.bbl b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/manifest.bbl
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43d19784bf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/manifest.bbl
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+%
+% CONTENTS OF THE Babel DISTRIBUTION (3.8h, 2005/11/23)
+% ====================================================
+%
+% Documentation:
+% --------------
+%
+% 00readme.txt -- The distribution guide.
+% announce.txt -- A short announcement of the release
+% 00readme.heb -- Information about the hebrew support
+% fixes.txt -- A list of fixes since the last release (2004/02/20)
+% howtoget.txt -- How and where to get Babel and related software
+% install.txt -- How to install Babel.
+% install.OzTeX-4 -- How to install Babel on a Mac with OzTeX 4.0+.
+% install.OzTeX-pre4-- How to install Babel on a Mac with older OzTeX.
+% GreekFonts.txt -- How to get the fonts on which the current
+% support for Greek typesetting is absed.
+% manifest.bbl -- This file.
+% bugs.txt -- How to submit a bug report for babel.
+% todo.txt -- A list of things that need to be done for a
+% future release of the babel system.
+% changes.txt -- List of changes in reverse chronological order.
+% tb1202.tex -- The source of the original article that appeared
+% in TUGboat, Volume 12 (1991), No. 2
+% tb1401.tex -- The source of an update article that appeared in
+% TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1
+% tb1604.tex -- The source of an update article that never
+% appeared in TUGboat, but was presented at
+% EuroTeX 1995, Arnhem.
+%
+% Kernel files:
+% -------------
+%
+% babel.dtx -- The source for the common parts of Babel
+% base.ins -- Unpacks the kernel files of Babel
+% babel.ins -- Unpacks all the source files
+% bbcompat.dtx -- The source for compatibility mode files
+% bbplain.dtx -- The source for plain compatibility
+% bbidxglo.dtx -- The source for MakeIndex files needed to
+% typeset the documentation
+%
+% Language specific files:
+% ------------------------
+% albanian.dtx/ins -- Support for the Albanian language
+% bahasa.dtx -- Support for the Bahasa Indonesia language
+% bahasam.dtx -- Support for the Bahasa Malaysia language
+% bahasa.ins -- Installation script for the Bahasa languages
+% basque.dtx/ins -- Support for the Basque language
+% breton.dtx/ins -- Support for the Breton language
+% bulgarian.dtx/ins -- Support for the Bulgarian language
+% catalan.dtx/ins -- Support for the Catalan language
+% croatian.dtx/ins -- Support for the Croatian language
+% czech.dtx/ins -- Support for the Czech language
+% danish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Danish language
+% dutch.dtx/ins -- Support for the Dutch language
+% english.dtx/ins -- Support for the English language
+% esperanto.dtx/ins -- Support for the Esperanto language
+% estonian.dtx/ins -- Support for the Estonian language
+% finnish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Finnish language
+% frenchb.dtx/ins -- Support for the French language
+% galician.dtx/ins -- Support for the Galician language
+% germanb.dtx/ins -- Support for the German language
+% ngermanb.dtx -- Support for the German language (new orthography)
+% greek.dtx/ins -- Support for the Greek language
+% greek.fdd -- Font definitions for typesetting Greek texts
+% grmath.dtx -- Defines greek names for math operators
+% grsymb.dtx -- Provides acces to old Greek symbols in the cb fonts
+% usage.tex -- Describes the use of the Greek support
+% athnum.dtx -- Implementes Athenian Numerals
+% heb209.dtx -- Hebrew in \LaTeX~2.09 compatibility mode
+% hebinp.dtx -- Input encoding file for Hebrew
+% hebrew.dtx/ins/fdd-- Support for the Hebrew language
+% hebtech.dtx -- Technion thesis class
+% icelandic.dtx/ins -- Support for the Icelandic language
+% interlingua.dtx/ins -- Support for the Interlingua language
+% irish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Irish Gaelic language
+% italian.dtx /ins -- Support for the Italian language
+% latin.dtx/ins -- Support for the Latin language
+% lsorbian.dtx -- Support for the Lower Sorbian language
+% sorbian.ins
+% magyar.dtx/ins -- Support for the Hungarian language
+% norsk.dtx/ins -- Support for the Norwegian languages
+% polish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Polish language
+% portuges.dtx/ins -- Support for the Portuguese language
+% romanian.dtx/ins -- Support for the Rumanian language
+% russianb.dtx/ins -- Support for the Russian language
+% samin.dtx/ins -- Support for the North Sami language
+% scottish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Scottish Gaelic language
+% serbian.dtx/ins -- Support for the Serbian language
+% slovak.dtx/ins -- Support for the Slovakian language
+% slovene.dtx/ins -- Support for the Slovenian language
+% spanish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Spanish language
+% swedish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Swedish language
+% turkish.dtx/ins -- Support for the Turkish language
+% ukraineb.dtx/ins -- Support for the Ukrainian language
+% usorbian.dtx -- Support for the Upper Sorbian language
+% welsh.dtx/ins -- Support for the Welsh language
+%
+% Hyphenation patterns (to be removed in a future release)
+% --------------------
+%
+% bghyphen.tex -- Bulgarian hyphenation
+% bghyphsi.tex
+% mik2t2.tex
+% catmik.tex
+% icehyph.tex -- Hyphenation patterns for Icelandic
+% iahyphen.tex -- Hyphenation patterns for Interlingua
+% lahyph.tex -- Latin hyphenation patterns
+%
+% Example files:
+% --------------
+% language.dat -- an example file which show how to specify
+% hyphenation files
+% language.skeleton -- An example file that can be used to build new
+% language definition files from scratch.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index bc50735db31..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/romanidx.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,216 +0,0 @@
-%%
-%% This is file `romanidx.tex',
-%% generated with the docstrip utility.
-%%
-%% The original source files were:
-%%
-%% spanish.dtx (with options: `indexes')
-%% This is a generated file.
-%%
-%% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-%% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%%
-%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Babel system.
-%% ---------------------------------------------------------
-%%
-%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-%% The latest version of this license is in
-%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%%
-%% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%%
-%% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%%
-%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the Babel
-%% system. You may however distribute the Babel system without
-%% such generated files.
-%%
-%% The list of all files belonging to the Babel distribution is
-%% given in the file `manifest.bbl'. See also `legal.bbl for additional
-%% information.
-%%
-%% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-%% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-%% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-%% File `spanish.dtx'
-%% Babel package for LaTeX version 2e
-%% Copyright (C) 1989 - 2004
-%% by Johannes Braams, TeXniek
-%% Spanish Language Definition File
-%% Copyright (C) 1997 - 2005
-%% by Javier Bezos (jbezos at wanadoo.es)
-%% Apartado 116.035
-%% E-28080 Madrid
-%% Espa\~na / Espagne
-%% and
-%% by CervanTeX (www.cervantex.org)
-%% Please report errors to: Javier Bezos (preferably)
-%% jbezos at wanadoo.es
-%% J.L. Braams
-%% babel at braams.cistron.nl
-%% \section{\textsf{spanish} como lengua principal}
-\makeatletter
-
-\newcount\es@converted
-\newcount\es@processed
-
-\def\es@encap{`\|}
-\def\es@openrange{`\(}
-\def\es@closerange{`\)}
-
-\def\es@split@file#1.#2\@@{#1}
-\def\es@split@ext#1.#2\@@{#2}
-
-\typein[\answer]{^^JArchivo que convertir^^J%
- (extension por omision .idx):}
-
-\@expandtwoargs\in@{.}{\answer}
-\ifin@
- \edef\es@input@file{\expandafter\es@split@file\answer\@@}
- \edef\es@input@ext{\expandafter\es@split@ext\answer\@@}
-\else
- \edef\es@input@file{\answer}
- \def\es@input@ext{idx}
-\fi
-
-\typein[\answer]{^^JArchivo de destino^^J%
- (archivo por omision: \es@input@file.eix,^^J%
- extension por omision .eix):}
-\ifx\answer\@empty
- \edef\es@output{\es@input@file.eix}
-\else
- \@expandtwoargs\in@{.}{\answer}
- \ifin@
- \edef\es@output{\answer}
- \else
- \edef\es@output{\answer.eix}
- \fi
-\fi
-
-\typein[\answer]{%
- ^^J?Se ha usado algun esquema especial de controles^^J%
- de MakeIndex para encap, open_range o close_range?^^J%
- [s/n] (n por omision)}
-
-\if s\answer
- \typein[\answer]{^^JCaracter para 'encap'^^J%
- (\string| por omision)}
- \ifx\answer\@empty\else
- \edef\es@encap{%
- `\expandafter\noexpand\csname\expandafter\string\answer\endcsname}
- \fi
- \typein[\answer]{^^JCaracter para 'open_range'^^J%
- (\string( por omision)}
- \ifx\answer\@empty\else
- \edef\es@openrange{%
- `\expandafter\noexpand\csname\expandafter\string\answer\endcsname}
- \fi
- \typein[\answer]{^^JCaracter para 'close_range'^^J%
- (\string) por omision)}
- \ifx\answer\@empty\else
- \edef\es@closerange{%
- `\expandafter\noexpand\csname\expandafter\string\answer\endcsname}
- \fi
-\fi
-
-\newwrite\es@indexfile
-\immediate\openout\es@indexfile=\es@output
-
-\newif\ifes@encapsulated
-
-\def\es@roman#1{\romannumeral#1 }
-\edef\es@slash{\expandafter\@gobble\string\\}
-
-\def\indexentry{%
- \begingroup
- \@sanitize
- \es@indexentry}
-
-\begingroup
-
-\catcode`\|=12 \lccode`\|=\es@encap\relax
-\catcode`\(=12 \lccode`\(=\es@openrange\relax
-\catcode`\)=12 \lccode`\)=\es@closerange\relax
-
-\lowercase{
-\gdef\es@indexentry#1{%
- \endgroup
- \advance\es@processed\@ne
- \es@encapsulatedfalse
- \es@bar@idx#1|\@@
- \es@idxentry}%
-}
-
-\lowercase{
-\gdef\es@idxentry#1{%
- \in@{\es@roman}{#1}%
- \ifin@
- \advance\es@converted\@ne
- \immediate\write\es@indexfile{%
- \string\indexentry{\es@b|\ifes@encapsulated\es@p\fi esromanindex%
- {\ifx\es@a\@empty\else\es@slash\es@a\fi}}{#1}}%
- \else
- \immediate\write\es@indexfile{%
- \string\indexentry{\es@b\ifes@encapsulated|\es@p\es@a\fi}{#1}}%
- \fi}
-}
-
-\lowercase{
-\gdef\es@bar@idx#1|#2\@@{%
- \def\es@b{#1}\def\es@a{#2}%
- \ifx\es@a\@empty\else\es@encapsulatedtrue\es@bar@eat#2\fi}
-}
-
-\lowercase{
-\gdef\es@bar@eat#1#2|{\def\es@p{#1}\def\es@a{#2}%
- \edef\es@t{(}\ifx\es@t\es@p
- \else\edef\es@t{)}\ifx\es@t\es@p
- \else
- \edef\es@a{\es@p\es@a}\let\es@p\@empty%
- \fi\fi}
-}
-
-\endgroup
-
-\input \es@input@file.\es@input@ext
-
-\immediate\closeout\es@indexfile
-
-\typeout{*****************}
-\typeout{Se ha procesado: \es@input@file.\es@input@ext }
-\typeout{Lineas leidas: \the\es@processed}
-\typeout{Lineas convertidas: \the\es@converted}
-\typeout{Resultado en: \es@output}
-\ifnum\es@converted>\z@
- \typeout{Genere el indice a partir de ese archivo}
-\else
- \typeout{No se ha realizado ningun tipo de conversion}
- \typeout{Se puede generar el archivo directamente^^J%
- de \es@input@file.\es@input@ext}
-\fi
-\typeout{*****************}
-\@@end
-%%
-%% \CharacterTable
-%% {Upper-case \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
-%% Lower-case \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
-%% Digits \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
-%% Exclamation \! Double quote \" Hash (number) \#
-%% Dollar \$ Percent \% Ampersand \&
-%% Acute accent \' Left paren \( Right paren \)
-%% Asterisk \* Plus \+ Comma \,
-%% Minus \- Point \. Solidus \/
-%% Colon \: Semicolon \; Less than \<
-%% Equals \= Greater than \> Question mark \?
-%% Commercial at \@ Left bracket \[ Backslash \\
-%% Right bracket \] Circumflex \^ Underscore \_
-%% Grave accent \` Left brace \{ Vertical bar \|
-%% Right brace \} Tilde \~}
-%%
-\endinput
-%%
-%% End of file `romanidx.tex'.
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ba13bf4cd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cedd222ba2..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/generic/babel/tb1202.tex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,961 +0,0 @@
-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the Babel system.
-% --------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
-% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-% \fi
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%% @TeX-file{
-%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams",
-%%% version = "1.04",
-%%% date = "06 January 1997",
-%%% time = "23:15:14 MET",
-%%% filename = "tb1202.tex",
-%%% address = "TeXniek,
-%%% Kersengaarde 33
-%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
-%%% The Netherlands",
-%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
-%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
-%%% checksum = "19810 933 5016 39417",
-%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
-%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
-%%% keywords = "",
-%%% supported = "yes",
-%%% abstract = "",
-%%% docstring = "The article on babel that apeared in
-%%% TuGboat Volume 12, No. 2.
-%%%
-%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
-%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
-%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
-%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
-%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
-%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
-%%% }
-%%% ====================================================================
-% tb32braa.ltx
-
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
-\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
- \documentclass{ltugboat}
- \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 12 (1991), No. 2}
- \def\midrtitle{}
- \def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
- \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
- \SelfDocumenting
- \setcounter{page}{291}
- }{%
- \documentclass{article}
- \newcommand\address[1]{}
- \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
- \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
- \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}}
-\usepackage{shortvrb}
-\MakeShortVerb{\|}
-\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
-\makeatletter
-% -------------------------------------------------
-% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi
-% -------------------------------------------------
-{\obeyspaces%
-\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces%
-\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}}
-\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup}
-
-% -------------------------------------------------
-% define \dlqq so that we can give an example of "'
-% -------------------------------------------------
-\gdef\dlqq{{\setbox\tw@=\hbox{,}\setbox\z@=\hbox{''}%
- \dimen\z@=\ht\z@ \advance\dimen\z@-\ht\tw@
- \setbox\z@=\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@\box\z@}\ht\z@=\ht\tw@
- \dp\z@=\dp\tw@ \box\z@\kern-.04em}}
-%
-% -------------------------------------------------
-% To demonstrate german double quotes (from german.tex)
-% -------------------------------------------------
-\def\allowhyphens{\penalty\@M \hskip\z@skip}
-\def\set@low@box#1{\setbox\tw@\hbox{,}\setbox\z@\hbox{#1}\dimen\z@\ht\z@
- \advance\dimen\z@ -\ht\tw@
- \setbox\z@\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@ \box\z@}\ht\z@\ht\tw@ \dp\z@\dp\tw@ }
-% (this lowers the german left quotes to the same level as the comma.)
-
-\def\@glqq{{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
- \let\@SF\empty \fi \leavevmode
- \set@low@box{''}\box\z@\kern-.04em\allowhyphens\@SF\relax}}
-\def\glqq{\protect\@glqq}
-\def\@grqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
- \let\@SF\empty \fi \kern-.07em``\kern.07em\@SF\relax}%''
-\def\grqq{\protect\@grqq}
-%
-% -------------------------------------------------
-% To demonstrate french double quotes (from german.tex)
-% -------------------------------------------------
-\def\@flqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
- \let\@SF\empty \fi
- \ifmmode \ll \else \leavevmode
- \raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle \ll $}\fi \@SF\relax}
-\def\flqq{\protect\@flqq}
-\def\@frqq{\ifhmode \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
- \let\@SF\empty \fi
- \ifmmode \gg \else \leavevmode
- \raise .2ex \hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle \gg $}\fi \@SF\relax}
-\def\frqq{\protect\@frqq}
-%+
-% Some extra definitions needed in the article
-%-
-\def\bsl{\char'134}
-\makeatother
-
-\begin{document}
-\title {Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use
- with \LaTeX's standard document styles%
- \thanks{During the development ideas from Nico Poppelier,
- Piet van Oostrum and many others have been used.}
- }
-
-\author{Johannes Braams}
-\address{%
- \TeX niek\\
- Kersengaarde 33\\
- 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
- The Netherlands}
-\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
-\date{06 January 1997 \\
- Version 1.04}
-
-\maketitle
-
-\begin{abstract}
- The standard distribution of \LaTeX\ contains a number of document
- styles that are meant to be used, but also serve as examples for
- other users to create their own document styles. These styles have
- become very popular among \LaTeX\ users. But it should be kept in
- mind that they were designed for American tastes and contain a
- number of hard-wired texts. This article describes a set of
- document-style options that can be used in combination with the
- standard styles, which makes the latter adaptable to other
- languages.
-\end{abstract}
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-Although Leslie Lamport has stated~\cite{LLth} that one should not try
-and write \emph{one} document-style option to be used with \emph{all}
-the standard document styles of \LaTeX, that is exactly what I~have
-done with this system of style options. The reasons for this approach
-will be explained in section~\ref{why}.
-
-A lot of the ideas incorporated in this set of files come from the
-work of Hubert Partl~\cite{HP}, \file{german.tex}. Some parts in the
-implementation are different, others are the same. It will be shown
-that \file{german.tex} can be modified to fit into this scheme of
-style options.
-
-\section{Why \babel?}\label{why}
-
-When I~first started using \LaTeX\ I~was very happy with just the
-style files that are distributed with the standard distributions of
-\TeX\ and \LaTeX. That means, as long as I~made texts in English I~was
-happy. Then as other users found out about \LaTeX\ and its advantages,
-they started using it for texts in languages other than English. As
-I~was the most experienced \LaTeX\ user at the time, they came to me
-and asked me `When I'm writing a report in Dutch I~don't want chapters
-to be named ``Chapter'', I~want them to be named ``Hoofdstuk'', how do
-you change that?'. At that time I~didn't know, but I soon found out.
-The first thing I~found was that Leslie Lamport states~\cite[pages
-85--86]{LLbook} that you have to redefine the command |\@chapapp|
-to get the desired result. This looked rather promising to me, so
-I~had a look at the style files to find out how other such strings as
-``Figure'' might be redefined. It was then that I~found out that
-|\@chapapp| is the \emph{only} string defined this way, whereas
-all others are hard-wired into the style.
-
-My first solution to this problem was to create a new document style
-file called \file{artikel.sty} as a ``Dutch'' counterpart to
-\file{article.sty}. The same was done for \file{report.sty}. This is
-exactly what Leslie Lamport suggests~\cite{LLth}. This approach has
-one major drawback however: you get two copies of basically the same
-file to maintain. This was discovered when newer releases of the
-styles reached our site. The standard styles had to be replaced
-\emph{and} edited all over again to get the ``Dutch'' versions back.
-About the same time, in early 1988, a discussion on this subject
-appeared in \TeXhax. One of the persons commenting was Hubert Partl.
-The method he suggested was to modify the standard document styles by
-replacing the hard-wired texts by macros such as |\@chapapp|. This
-led me to my second attempt at a solution. I~modified the standard
-styles (all four of them) as suggested, but while doing that added an
-option, implemented like the option \texttt{draft}, by defining a
-command |\ds@dutch|. This command would set a variable to indicate
-which language was requested. This variable I~used later on in a
-|\case| statement. In this |\case| statement a choice is made between
-English, Dutch and possibly other languages for texts such as
-``Figure'' and ``Contents''. Unfortunately, some of this implied
-changing the secondary style files \file{xxx10.sty}, \file{xxx11.sty}
-and \file{xxx12.sty}. This was unfortunate because one of the
-research groups in our laboratories complained their document style
-didn't work properly. It turned out that their style was a modified
-\file{article.sty} that had been given a different name, but it still
-loaded \file{art10.sty} etc. I~found a temporary solution, but I
-still wasn't exactly happy with the situation. Besides this, the
-drawback of replacing the document styles with newer versions still
-existed.
-
-When after a while a new version of the \LaTeX\ distribution arrived
-at our site, I~began to think about a different way to solve the
-problem. In the meantime Hubert Partl had his \file{german.sty}
-published in \TUB~\cite{HP}. His article pointed the way to a
-different solution. Triggered by the discussion in \TeXhax\ in early
-1989 about how to detect which is the main (primary) style when
-processing a document, I~started work on what is now available as
-\file{dutch.sty} version~1.0, dated may 1989\footnote{This file is
- available from \texttt{listserv@hearn.bitnet} as file
- \file{dutch.old}.}. While working on this style option I~discovered
-that some parts could be borrowed from \file{german.sty}. This
-`discovery' and some discussions I had with others at Euro\TeX89, the
-fourth European \TeX\ Conference, held in september 1989 in Karlsruhe,
-led me towards a more universal approach. The basic idea behind it
-was, starting from the algorithm to detect the main style, to design
-an approach with one common file that contained macro definitions
-needed by a number of language-specific style options. Users specify
-the name of any of these language-specific options as an option to the
-|\documentstyle| command, and internally the common file is read.
-
-%This is the situation as it stands now. The rest of this article is
-%devoted to a description of how the system of style options described
-%above is implemented and what the possibilities are. I~realize that
-%with the new \TeX\ 3.0 around and work being done on a new version of
-%\LaTeX\ as well some of this work may become obsolete in the near
-%future. But, taking into consideration the widespread use of the
-%current versions of \TeX\ and \LaTeX\, I~think it may take some time
-%before {\em everybody} is working with the new releases.
-
-%------------------------------------------------------------
-% All text above here was copied from babel.doc, the following
-% section is new for this version of the article
-%------------------------------------------------------------
-\section{\LaTeX\ and document-style files}\label{lat-docstyle}
-
-Before the I discuss some of the code in the \babel{} system I would
-like to discuss the document-style mechanism used by \LaTeX. Every
-\LaTeX\ document should start with a line like:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentstyle[opt1,opt2,...]{docstyle}
-\end{verbatim}
-This line of code instructs \LaTeX\ to first load the file
-\file{docstyle.sty}. When that is done the `options' are processed
-\emph{in the order specified}, by reading the files
-\file{opt1.sty}\footnote{Except when the documentstyle defines the
- control sequence {\tt\bsl ds@\meta{opt1}}; in that case this control
- sequence will be executed.}, \file{opt2.sty}, etc. This implies that
-definitions, made in the file \file{docstyle.sty} can be overridden in
-one of the option files. It is even possible to redefine code from the
-very kernel of \LaTeX, but you have to know what you are doing.
-
-Some care has to be taken in writing document-style options, because a
-number of problems can occur. First of all, if a document-style option
-should be modest in size; if it tries to redefine most of the code in
-\file{docstyle.sty} I think you should write (and maintain) your own,
-complete, document style. Next, as it was possible to override
-definitions from the main file in an option file, it is of course also
-possible to override definitions made in another option file. When
-this happens, your document might depend on the order in which you
-have specified your document-style options.
-
-This mechanism of overriding definitions from the main document style
-is exploited in the \babel{} system. The macros that contain the
-hard-wired texts are redefined in the common part of \babel{},
-replacing each of these texts with a unique macro. These macros have
-to be defined in the language-specific files.
-
-\section{\LaTeX\ and multilingual documents}\label{lat-lingual}
-
-In a european environment it sometimes happens that one wants to write
-a document that contains more than \emph{one} language. I have an
-example of a document, published by the {\sc eec}, that contains 9
-(nine) different languages. Also in linguistics one can find documents
-written in more than one language, i.e. to compare two languages.
-
-If you have to write such a multilingual document you should try to
-conform to the typographical conventions in use for each language. A
-well known example is the type of quotation marks used. \TeX\ supplies
-the user with ``quoted text'', but a Dutch user might want to have
-\dlqq quoted text'', whereas a German text should contain \glqq quoted
-text\grqq\ and a frenchman would perhaps like to see something like
-\flqq quoted text\frqq. These language specific conventions should be
-implemented in a document-style option file for each language. These
-files should then be useable with \emph{all} document styles.
-
-In such a multilingual document a user would specify the languages
-used as options to the |\documentstyle| command. He would also want a
-mechanism to be able to switch between these languages in a simple
-way. When he would use \TeX\ version 3.0 for the processing of his
-document, he would also want the hyphenation to come out right for the
-different languages.
-
-\section{Overview of the \babel{} solution}
-
-\subsection{The core of the system}
-
-The problems described in sections~\ref{lat-docstyle}
-and~\ref{lat-lingual} can be solved using the \babel{} system of
-document-style options.
-
-The core of this system currently performs three functions.
-\begin{enumerate}
-
-\item\label{switch} It defines a user interface for switching between
- languages;
-
-\item\label{hyphs} It contains code to dynamically load several sets
- of hyphenation patterns;
-
-\item\label{repair} It `repairs' the document styles provided in the
- standard distribution of \LaTeX.
-
-\end{enumerate}
-
-Obviously part~\ref{hyphs} can only be used while running ini\TeX\ to
-create a new format, whereas part~\ref{repair} should \emph{not} be
-read by ini\TeX. Part~\ref{repair} should even disappear when \LaTeX\
-version 3.0 arrives, as the style files supplied with the new \LaTeX\
-will no longer be language specific. Part~\ref{switch} can either be
-loaded into the format with multiple hyphenation patterns, or it can
-be read while processing a document.
-
-For this reason the core of the \babel{} system is stored in two
-separate files, \file{babel.switch}, containing parts~\ref{switch}
-and~\ref{hyphs}, and \file{babel.sty} which contains
-part~\ref{repair}. The file \file{babel.sty} will instruct \LaTeX\ to
-load \file{babel.switch} if necessary, the file \file{babel.switch}
-checks the format to see if hyphenation patterns \emph{can} be loaded.
-
-\subsection{Language specifics}
-
-The language switching mechanism contains a couple of hooks for the
-developers of language-specific document-style options.
-
-First of all the macro |\originalTeX| should be defined. Its function
-is to disable special definitions made for a language to bring \TeX\
-into a `defined' state. A language-specific document-style option
-might, for example, introduce an extra active character. It would then
-also modify the definitions of |\dospecials| and |\@sanitize|. Such an
-option would then define a macro to restore the original definitions
-of these macros and restore the extra active character to its normal
-category code. It would then |\let \originalTeX| to this `restoration'
-macro.
-
-To enable the language-specific definitions three macros are provided
-in the switching mechanism, |\captions|\meta{language},
-|\date|\meta{language} and |\extras|\meta{language}.
-
-The macro |\captions|\meta{language} should provide definitions for
-the macros that replaced the hard-wired texts in the document style
-and the macro |\date|\meta{language} should provide a definition for
-|\today|. The real fun starts with the macro
-|\extras|\meta{language}. This macro should activate all definitions
-needed for \meta{language}.
-
-\section{The user interface}
-
-The user interface to the \babel{} system is quite simple. He should
-specify the languages he wants to use in his document in the list of
-document-style options. For instance, for a document in which both the
-English and the Dutch language are used, the first line could read:
-\begin{verbatim}
-\documentstyle[a4,dutch,english]{artikel1}
-\end{verbatim}
-Please note that in this case the Dutch-specific definitions are
-inactive when \LaTeX\ has finished processing document-style option
-files.
-
-If the user then wants to switch from English to Dutch he would
-include the command
-\begin{verbatim}
-\selectlanguage{dutch}
-\end{verbatim}
-before starting to write Dutch.
-
-If a user wants to write a document-style option of his own he might
-like to define a macro that checks which language is in use at the
-time the macro is executed. For this purpose the macro
-|\iflanguage{|\meta{language}|}{|\meta{then-clause}|}{|%
-\meta{else-clause}|}| is available.
-
-\section{Implementation of the core of the system}
-
-In this section I would like to discuss some parts of the
-implementation of the \babel{} system. Not all code will be shown,
-because some parts of it are just series of slightly modified code
-from the standard document styles. The files are fully documented and
-interested readers can print them if they have access to the
-\texttt{doc} option, described by Frank Mittelbach.
-
-The description of the macros that follows is based on an environment
-using \TeX~3.x, together with a version of \file{lplain.tex} based on
-\file{plain.tex} version~3.x. The actual implementation allows for
-other situations as well, i.e a version of \file{babel.sty} for
-\TeX~2.x will be available.
-
-\subsection{Switching languages}\label{lang-switch}
-
-For each language to be used in a document a control sequence of the
-form |\l@|\meta{language} has to be defined. This will either be done
-while loading hyphenation patterns or while loading the
-language-specific file. The implementation of
-\hbox{|\selectlanguage{|\meta{language}|}|} and\\
-\hbox{|\iflanguage{|\meta{language}|}{|\meta{then case}|}{|\meta{else
- case}|}|} is based on the existence of
-\hbox{|\l@|\meta{language}}.
-
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\selectlanguage#1{%
- \@ifundefined{l@#1}
- {\@nolanerr{#1}}
- {\originalTeX
- \language=\expandafter\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
- \expandafter\csname captions#1\endcsname
- \expandafter\csname date#1\endcsname
- \expandafter\csname extras#1\endcsname
- \gdef\originalTeX{\expandafter\csname noextras#1\endcsname}
- }
-}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{The definition of {\tt\bsl selectlanguage}.}
-\label{select}
-\end{figure*}
-
-To switch from one language to another the macro |\selectlanguage| is
-available. Its definition can be seen in figure~\ref{select}. The
-first action it takes is to check whether the \meta{language} is
-known, if it is not an error is signalled. If the language is known
-|\originalTeX| is called upon to reset any previously set
-language-specific definitions. Next the register |\language| is
-updated and the three macros that should activate all
-language-specific definitions are executed. Finally the macro
-|\originalTeX| receives a new replacement text in order to be able to
-deactivate the definitions just activated.
-
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\iflanguage#1#2#3{%
- \@ifundefined{l@#1}
- {\@nolanerr{#1}}
- {\ifnum\language=\expandafter\csname l@#1\endcsname\relax
- #2 \else #3
- \fi}
-}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{The definition of {\tt\bsl iflanguage}}
-\label{if}
-\end{figure*}
-
-The macro |\iflanguage| (see figure~\ref{if}) will issue a warning
-when its argument is an `unkown' language. It then goes on to compare
-the value of |\language| and |\l@|\meta{language} and executes either
-its secon or third argument.
-
-\subsection{Dynamically loading patterns}
-
-With the advent of \TeX~3.0 it has become possible to build a format
-with more than one hyphenation pattern preloaded. The core of the
-\babel\ system provides code, to be executed by ini\TeX\ \emph{only},
-to dynamically load hyphenation patterns. The only restriction is that
-the implementation of \TeX\ that you use has to have rather high
-settings of \texttt{trie\_size} and \texttt{trie\_op\_size} to
-actually load several hyphenation patterns.
-
-For the purpose of dynamically loading hyphenation patterns a
-`configuration file' has to be introduced. This file will be read by
-ini\TeX. Each line should contain either a comment, nothing or the
-name of a language and the name of the file that contains the
-hyphenation patterns for that language. In figure~\ref{config} an
-example of such a file, instructing ini\TeX\ to load patterns for
-three languages, English, Dutch and German.
-
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-% File : language.dat
-% Purpose : tell iniTeX what files with patterns to load.
-english english.hyphenations
-
-dutch hyphen.dutch % Nederlands
-german hyphen.ger
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{An example configuration file}\label{config}
-\end{figure*}
-
-The configuration file will be read line by line using \TeX's |\read|
-primitive. Because the name of a file might be followed by a
-space-token and comment (as in the example) a macro to process each
-line is needed. The definition of this macro, |\process@language|, can
-be found in figure~\ref{process}. As can be seen in the definition of
-this macro, its second argument \emph{always} has to be followed by a
-space-token. The effect of this is that any trailing spaces are
-removed.
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\process@language#1 #2 {%
- \expandafter\addlanguage\csname l@#1\endcsname
- \expandafter\language\csname l@#1\endcsname
- \input #2}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{The definition of {\tt\bsl process@language}.}
-\label{process}
-\end{figure*}
-The macro strips all spaces following its arguments. It's first
-argument is used to define |\l@|\meta{language}. The macro
-|\addlanguage| is basically a non-outer version of the plain \TeX\
-macro |\newlanguage|. The second argument of |\process@language| is
-the name of the file containing the hyphenation patterns. Before the
-file can be read, the register |\language| has to updated.
-
-The configuration file is read in a |\loop| (see figure~\ref{loop}).
-When a record is read from the input file a check is done whether the
-record was empty. If it was not, a space token is added to the end of
-the string of tokens read. The reason for this is that we have to be
-sure there always is at least \emph{one} space token present. When
-that has been taken care of the data just read can be processed. The
-last thing to do is to check the status of the input file, in order to
-decide whether \TeX\ has to continue processing the |\loop|. When all
-patterns have been processed the value of |\language| is restored.
-
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\loop
- \read1 to \@config@line
- \ifx\@config@line\empty
- \else
- \edef\@config@line{\@config@line\space}
- \expandafter\process@language\@config@line
- \fi
- \ifeof1 \@morefalse \fi
- \if@more\repeat
-\language=0
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{Reading the configuration file line by line}
-\label{loop}
-\end{figure*}
-
-\subsection{`Repairing' \LaTeX's standard document styles}
-
-A large part of the core of the \babel{} system is dedicated to
-`repair' the standard document styles. This means redefining the
-macros in table~\ref{macros}.
-
-\begin{table*}[htb]
-\DeleteShortVerb{\|}
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{l | c c c c}
-macro & article & report & book & letter \\
-\hline
-\tt\bsl fnum@figure & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
-\tt\bsl fnum@table & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ \\
-\tt\bsl tableofcontents & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl listoffigures & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl listoftables & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl thebibliography & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl theindex & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl abstract & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl part & $\times$ & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl chapter & & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl appendix & & $\times$ & $\times$ & \\
-\tt\bsl cc & & & & $\times$ \\
-\tt\bsl encl & & & & $\times$ \\
-\tt\bsl ps@headings & & & & $\times$ \\
-\end{tabular}
-\caption{macros that need to be redefined for the four standard document
- styles.}
-\label{macros}
-\end{center}
-\MakeShortVerb{\|}
-\end{table*}
-
-As an example of the way the macros have to be redefined, the
-redefinition of |\tableofcontents| is shown in figure~\ref{content}.
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\@ifundefined{contentsname}
- {\def\tableofcontents
- {\section*{\contentsname
- \@mkboth{\uppercase\expandafter{\contentsname}}
- {\uppercase\expandafter{\contentsname}}
- }
- \@starttoc{toc}
- }
- }
- {}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{An example of redefining a command}\label{content}
-\end{figure*}
-
-The standard styles can be distinguished by checking the existence of
-the macros |\chapter| (not in \file{article} and \texttt{letter}) and
-|\opening| (only in \texttt{letter}). The result of these checks is
-stored in the macro |\doc@style|. When |\doc@style| already exists
-(which is the case when for instance \file{artikel1.sty} is
-used~\cite{BEP}) it is not superseded (see figure~\ref{maindoc}).
-
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\@ifundefined{doc@style}
- {\def\doc@style{0}
- \@ifundefined{opening}
- {\@ifundefined{chapter}
- {\def\doc@style{1}}
- {\def\doc@style{2}}
- }{\def\doc@style{3}}
- }{\relax}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{Determining the main document style}
-\label{maindoc}
-\end{figure*}
-
-\section{Implementing a language specific document-style option file}
-
-To illustrate the way a language specific file can be implemented the
-file \file{dutch.sty} is discussed here. Note that not all of the code
-containde in the file \file{dutch.sty} is shown here, only those parts
-that are of interest for the scope of this article are included. If
-the reader would like to see the complete code, he can print all files
-in the \babel{} system, using the file \file{doc.sty}, described by
-Frank Mittelbach in~\cite{docsty}.
-
-\subsection{Compatibilty with plain \TeX}
-The file \file{german.tex}~\cite{HP} was written in such a way that it
-can be used by both plain \TeX\ users and \LaTeX\ users. This seemed a
-good idea, so all files in the \babel{} system can be processed by
-both plain \TeX\ and \LaTeX. But some of the ``useful hacks'' from
-\LaTeX\ are used, so for a plain \TeX\ user they have to be defined.
-For this purpose the format is checked at the start of a language
-specific file. If the format is \texttt{plain} an extra file, called
-\file{latexhax.sty} is read.
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-{\def\format{plain}
-\ifx\fmtname\format
- \expandafter\ifx\csname @ifundefined\endcsname\relax
- \gdef\next{latexhax.sty}
- \aftergroup\input\aftergroup\next
- \fi
-\fi}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{Conditonal loading of \file{latexhax.sty}}
-\end{figure*}
-
-This file should be read only once, so another check is done on the
-existence of one of the commands defined there.
-
-A new group is started to keep the definition of the macro
-|\format|, which is used in the following if statement, local.
-When the current format turns out to be plain \TeX\ the file
-\file{latexhax.sty} has to be read. But the definitions in that file
-should remain valid after the group is closed. This could be
-accomplished by making all definitions \texttt{global}, but another
-solution is to tell \TeX\ to process the file \file{latexhax.sty}
-\emph{after} the current group has been closed. The command
-|\aftergroup| puts the next token on a list to be processed after
-the group.
-
-\subsection{Switching to the Dutch language}
-In section~\ref{lang-switch} the names of macros needed to switch to a
-language have been described. In figure~\ref{switchdutch} these macros
-and their definition are shown for the Dutch language.
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\captionsdutch{\gdef\refname{Referenties}%
- \gdef\abstractname{Samenvatting}%
- \gdef\bibname{Bibliografie}%
- ...
- \gdef\pagename{Pagina}}
-
-\def\datedutch{%
- \gdef\today{\number\day~\ifcase\month\or
- januari\or februari\or maart\or april\or
- mei\or juni\or juli\or augustus\or
- september\or oktober\or november\or december\fi
- \space \number\year}}
-\begingroup \catcode`\"\active
-
-\gdef\extrasdutch{%
- \global\let\dospecials\dutch@dospecials
- \global\let\@sanitize\dutch@sanitize
- \catcode`\"\active
- \gdef"{\protect\dutch@active@dq}
- \gdef\"{\protect\@umlaut}
-}\endgroup
-
-\def\noextrasdutch{%
- \catcode`\"12
- \global\let\dospecials\original@dospecials
- \global\let\@sanitize\original@sanitize
- \global\let\"\dieresis
-}
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{The macros needed to switch to the Dutch language}
-\label{switchdutch}
-\end{figure*}
-
-The definitions of |\captionsdutch| and |\datedutch| are pretty
-straightforward and need not be discussed. The macro |\extrasdutch|
-will be discussed in some more detail.
-
-First, because for Dutch (as well as for German) the \texttt{"}
-character is made active, the \LaTeX\ macros |\dospecials| and
-|\@sanitize| have to be redefined to include this character as well.
-The new definitions are implemented as two special commands, so we
-globally |\let| the originals to their new versions. Then the
-\texttt{"} character is made active and is defined. Then, to prevent
-an error when |\"| appears in a moving argument, the macro |\"| is
-redefined and made robust. All this is done inside a group to keep the
-category code change for the \texttt{"} character local.
-
-The macro |\extrasdutch| has a counterpart, |\noextrasdutch|, that
-cancels the extra definitions made by |\extrasdutch|. It changes the
-|\catcode| of the \texttt{"} character back to `other' and globally
-|\let|s the macros |\dospecials| and |\@sanitize| to their original
-definitions. The original definition of |\"| is restored as well.
-
-In figure~\ref{specials} the code needed to redefine |\dospecials| and
-|\@makeother| is shown.
-\begin{figure*}[htb]
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begingroup
- \def\do{\noexpand\do\noexpand}%
- \xdef\dutch@dospecials{\dospecials\do\"}%
- \expandafter\ifx\csname @sanitize\endcsname\relax
-% do nothing if \@sanitize is undefined...
- \else
- \def\@makeother{\noexpand\@makeother\noexpand}%
- \xdef\dutch@sanitize{\@sanitize\@makeother\"}%
- \fi
-\endgroup
-
-\global\let\original@dospecials\dospecials
-\global\let\original@sanitize\@sanitize
-\end{verbatim}
-\caption{Code needed for the redefinition of {\tt\bsl dospecials} and
- {\tt\bsl @makeother}.}
-\label{specials}
-\end{figure*}
-
-\subsection{An extra active character}
-
-All the code disccussed sofar is necessary because we need an extra
-active character. This character is then used as indicated in
-table~\ref{dutch-quote}. One of the reasons for this is that in the
-Dutch language a word with an umlaut can be hyphenated just before the
-letter with the umlaut, but the umlaut has to disappear if the word is
-broken between the previous letter and the accented letter.
-
-\begin{table*}[htb]
-\centering
-\begin{tabular}{lp{8cm}}
-\verb="a= & \verb=\"a= which hyphenates as \verb=-a=;
- also implemented for the other letters. \\
-\verb="|= & disable ligature at this position. \\
-\verb="-= & an explicit hyphen sign, allowing hyphenation
- in the rest of the word. \\
-\verb="`= & lowered double left quotes (see example below).\\
-\verb="'= & normal double right quotes. \\
-\verb=\-= & like the old \verb=\-=, but allowing hyphenation
- in the rest of the word.
-\end{tabular}
-\caption{The extra definitions made by \file{dutch.sty}}
-\label{dutch-quote}
-\end{table*}
-
-In~\cite{treebus} the quoting conventions for the Dutch language are
-discussed. The preferred convention is the single-quote Anglo-American
-convention, i.e. `This is a quote'. An alternative is the slightly
-old-fashioned Dutch method with initial double quotes lowered to the
-baseline, \dlqq This is a quote'', which should be typed as
-\texttt{"`This is a quote"'}.
-
-\subsubsection{Supporting macro definitions}
-
-The definition of the active \texttt{"} character needs a couple of
-support macros. The macro |\allowhyphens| is used make hyphenation of
-word possible where it otherwise would be inhibited by \TeX. Basically
-its definition is nothing more than |\nobreak \hskip 0pt plus 0pt|.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\gdef\allowhyphens{\penalty\@M \hskip\z@skip}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Then a macro is defined to lower the Dutch left double quote to the
-same level as the comma. It prepares a low double opening quote in box
-register~0. This macro was copied form \file{german.tex}.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\gdef\set@low@box#1{%
- \setbox\tw@\hbox{,} \setbox\z@\hbox{#1}
- \dimen\z@\ht\z@ \advance\dimen\z@ -\ht\tw@
- \setbox\z@\hbox{\lower\dimen\z@ \box\z@}
- \ht\z@\ht\tw@ \dp\z@\dp\tw@}
-\end{verbatim}
-The macro |\set@low@box| is used to define low opening quotes. Since
-it may be used in arguments to other macros it needs to be protected.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\gdef\dlqq{\protect\@dlqq}
-\gdef\@dlqq{{%
- \ifhmode
- \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}
- \else
- \let\@SF\empty
- \fi
- \leavevmode\set@low@box{''}
- \box\z@\kern-.04em\allowhyphens\@SF\relax}}
-\end{verbatim}
-For reasons of symmetry we also define |"'|. This command is defined
-similar to |\dlqq|, except that the quotes aren't lowered to the
-baseline.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\gdef\@drqq{{%
- \ifhmode
- \edef\@SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}
- \else
- \let\@SF\empty
- \fi
- ''\@SF\relax}}
-\end{verbatim}
-The original double quote character is saved in the macro |\dq| to
-keep it available.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\begingroup \catcode`\"12
- \gdef\dq{"}
-\endgroup
-\end{verbatim}
-The original definition of |\"| is stored as |\dieresis|. The resason
-for this is that if a font with a different encoding scheme is used
-the definition of |\"| might not be the plain \TeX\ one.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\global\let\dieresis\"
-\end{verbatim}
-
-In the Dutch language vowels with a dieresis or umlaut accent are
-treated specially. If a hyphenation occurs before a vowel-plus-umlaut,
-the umlaut should disappear. To be able to do this, the hyphenation
-break behaviour for the five vowels, both lowercase and uppercase,
-could be defined first in terms of |\discretionary|. But this results
-in a large |\if|-construct in the definition of the active |"|.
-
-As both Knuth and Lamport have pointed out, a user should not use |"|
-when he really means something like |''|. For this reason no
-distinction is made between vowels and consonants. Therefore one
-macro, |\@umlaut|, specifies the hyphenation break behaviour for all
-letters.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\@umlaut#1{%
- \allowhyphens%
- \discretionary{-}{#1}{\dieresis #1}%
- \allowhyphens}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The last support macro to be defined is |\dutch@active@dq|.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\gdef\dutch@active@dq#1{%
- \if\string#1`\dlqq{}%
-\else\if\string#1'\drqq{}%
-\else\if\string#1-\allowhyphens-\allowhyphens%
-\else\if\string#1|\discretionary{-}{}{\kern.03em}%
-\else\if\string#1i\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{i}{\dieresis\i}%
- \allowhyphens%
-\else\if\string#1j\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{j}{\dieresis\j}%
- \allowhyphens%
-\else \@umlaut{#1}\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi}
-\end{verbatim}
-The macro reads the next token and performs some appropriate action.
-If no special action is defined, it will produce an umlaut accent on
-top of argument~1.
-
-The last definition needed is a replacement for |\-|. The new version
-of |\-| should indicate an extra hyphenation position, while allowing
-other hyphenation positions to be generated automatically. The
-standard behaviour of \TeX\ in this respect is very unfortunate for
-languages such as Dutch and German, where long compound words are
-quite normal and all one needs is a means to indicate an extra
-hyphenation position on top of the ones that \TeX\ can generate from
-the hyphenation patterns.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\-{\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{}{}\allowhyphens}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\subsection{Activating the definitions}
-
-The last action that should be performed by a language specific file,
-is activating it's definitions. Before doing that the macro
-|\originalTeX| should be definined.
-\begin{verbatim}
-\@ifundefined{originalTeX}{\let\originalTeX\relax}{}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-Also, the macro |\l@|\meta{language} should be defined. If it hasn't
-already been defined, this means that no hyphenation patterns were
-loaded for this language.
-% This means that \emph{no} hyphenation will take place
-\begin{verbatim}
-\@ifundefined{l@dutch}{\addlanguage{dutch}}{}
-\selectlanguage{dutch}
-\end{verbatim}
-
-\section{Conclusion}
-
-In this article a system of document-style option files has been
-presented that supports the multilingual use of \LaTeX. Some of the
-code involved has been discussed. The actual files will me made
-available through the international networks. They will be stored in
-the fileserver in the Netherlands (address:
-\texttt{LISTSERV@HEARN.BITNET}), the file \file{babel readme} will
-explain what you need to get to be able to use the system. The system
-was developed using the \Lopt{doc} option, so the files available are
-fully documented.
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{9}
- \bibitem{DEK} Donald E. Knuth,
- \emph{The \TeX book}, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
- \bibitem{LLbook} Leslie Lamport,
- \emph{\LaTeX, A document preparation System}, Addison-Wesley, 1986.
- \bibitem{treebus} K.F. Treebus.
- \emph{Tekstwijzer, een gids voor het grafisch verwerken van tekst.}
- SDU Uitgeverij ('s-Gravenhage, 1988). A Dutch book on layout
- design and typography.
- \bibitem{HP} Hubert Partl,
- \emph{German \TeX}, \emph{TUGboat} 9 (1988) \#1, p.~70--72.
- \bibitem{LLth} Leslie Lamport,
- in: \TeXhax\ Digest, Volume 89, \#13, 17 februari 1989.
- \bibitem{docsty}Frank Mittelbach,
- \emph{The \Lopt{doc}-option},
- \emph{TUGboat} 10 (1989) \#2, p.~245--273.
- \bibitem{BEP}Johannes Braams, Victor Eijkhout and Nico Poppelier,
- \emph{The development of national \LaTeX\ styles},
- \emph{TUGboat} 10 (1989) \#3, p.~401--406.
- \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod,
- \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
- \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
-\end{thebibliography}
-
-\end{document}
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@@ -1,266 +0,0 @@
-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the Babel system.
-% --------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
-% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-% \fi
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%% @TeX-file{
-%%% author = "Johannes L. Braams",
-%%% version = "1.02",
-%%% date = "06 January 1997",
-%%% time = "23:18:11 MET",
-%%% filename = "tb1401.tex",
-%%% address = "TeXniek,
-%%% Kersengaarde 33
-%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
-%%% The Netherlands",
-%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
-%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
-%%% checksum = "33086 238 1209 9472",
-%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
-%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
-%%% keywords = "",
-%%% supported = "yes",
-%%% abstract = "",
-%%% docstring = "The update article on babel that appeared
-%%% in TUGboat Volume 14 No 1.
-%%%
-%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
-%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
-%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
-%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
-%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
-%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
-%%% }
-%%% ====================================================================
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
-\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
- \documentclass{ltugboat}
- \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 14 (1993), No. 1}
- \def\midrtitle{}
- \def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
- \let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
- \setcounter{page}{60}
- }{%
- \documentclass{article}
- \newcommand\address[1]{}
- \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
- \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
- \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}
- \newcommand{\plain}{\texttt{plain}}}
-\usepackage{shortvrb}
-\MakeShortVerb{\|}
-%
-\newcommand{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand{\Lopt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\newcommand{\babel}{\textsf{babel}}
-\makeatletter
-% -------------------------------------------------
-% Definitions copied from doc.sty by FMi
-% -------------------------------------------------
-{\obeyspaces%
-\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces%
-\def {\egroup\space\hbox\bgroup\it}\m@ta}}
-\def\m@ta#1{\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup\endgroup}
-%
-{\catcode`\|=\z@ \catcode`\\=12|gdef|bslash{\}}
-%
-\makeatother
-\newcommand{\bsl}{\protect\bslash}
-
-
-\begin{document}
-\title{An update on the \babel\ system}
-\author{Johannes Braams}
-\address{%
- \TeX niek\\
- Kersengaarde 33\\
- 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
- The Netherlands}
-\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
-\date{06 January 1997 \\
- Version 1.02}
-\maketitle
-
-\begin{abstract}
- This article describes the changes that have been made to the
- \babel\ system, since the article describing the system appeared in
- \TUB\ Volume 12, number 2. This article announces the release of a
- new version of the \babel\ system.
-\end{abstract}
-
-\section{Introduction}
-
-Since the publication of the \babel\ system in \TUB~\cite{bab} several
-changes have occurred. With the new release of \LaTeX\ -- which
-appeared at the end of 1991 -- the internationalised version I\LaTeX,
-prepared by Joachim Schrod~\cite{ilatex} was withdrawn. But some of
-its functionality was still needed, so a modification of the \babel\
-system was necessary.
-
-Besides this a couple of bugs were reported and had to be fixed. The
-major problem was that the language changing commands were not
-`local', they contained global definitions. In the current version
-these commands obey grouping correctly.
-
-Some macros that formerly were in language-specific files have been
-moved to the core of the system, because they are being used in
-several language-specific files.
-
-\section{Changes to the core of \babel}
-
-The changes to the core of the \babel\ system are the most extensive.
-
-\subsection*{{\tt\bsl selectlanguage}}
-The \babel\ user-command |\selectlanguage| now also accepts a control
-sequence as its argument. This was included to provide compatibility
-for users who were used to the syntax of the original
-\file{german.tex}, but wanted to switch to \babel. The escape
-character is `peeled off' and the name of the control sequence is then
-used as the name of the language to select.
-
-Another change to the |\selectlanguage| macro is that it now stores
-the name of the current language in the control sequence
-|\languagename|. The contents of this control sequence could be tested
-in the following way:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
- \edef\tmp{\string english}
- \ifx\languagename\tmp
- ...
- \else
- ...
- \fi
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The construction with |\string| is necessary because
-|\languagename| returns the name with characters of category code
-\texttt{12} (other).
-
-\subsection*{Saving macro definitions}
-
-A new way of handling macros that are temporarily \emph{re}defined was
-developed by Bernd Raichle and included in the core of the \babel\
-system. Two new macros, for use in the language-specific files have
-been introduced.\\
-These macros, |\babel@savevariable|\meta{register} and
-|\babel@save|\meta{macro}, append code to |\originalTeX|. This code
-restores the value (or meaning) of what was saved when |\originalTeX|
-was executed.
-
-\subsection*{Special characters}
-
-Some of the language-specific files introduce one or more characters
-that are special in some way. Such characters have to be added to
-|\dospecials| (and |\@sanitize| too for \LaTeX) whenever their special
-meaning is activated. But, they may have to be removed again when
-another language, which doesn't use them, is in effect.
-
-To this end two new control sequences, that are meant to be used in
-the language-specific files are introduced. They are
-|\babel@add@special| and |\babel@remove@special| and perform the
-necessary tasks.
-
-\subsection*{Additional facilities}
-
-A specific request from Joachim Schrod for \babel, was the possibility
-to extend the definition of a control sequence on the fly. It should,
-for instance, be possible that the user adds a macro of his own to the
-definition of |\extrasenglish|.
-
-This feature is now provided by the macro\\
- |\addto{|\meta{control sequence}|}{|\meta{\TeX\ code}|}|.
- It is now used throughout the
-language-specific files to build the macros |\extras|\meta{lang} and
-|\noextras|\meta{lang}.
-
-The support macros |\allowhyphens|,\\ |\set@low@box| and |\save@sf@q|
-have been moved from the language-specific files to the core of the
-\babel\ system.
-
-\subsection{The files}
-
-In the previous release a file called \file{latexhax.com} was
-provided. This was needed to provide some macros normally defined by
-\LaTeX, to \plain~\TeX\ users. The need for this file has been removed
-in the current release of the \babel\ system.
-
-In the previous release of the system, four different files were
-provided (all derived from \file{hyphen.doc} that were needed for
-different combinations of versions of \TeX\ and \file{plain.tex} or
-\file{lplain.tex}. This has been changed. In the current version only
-two different files are derived from \file{hyphen.doc}. They are
-\file{babel.switch} and \file{babel.hyphen}.\\
-The file \file{babel.switch} is needed for people who can't build a
-new format or don't have \TeX\ version 3. The file \file{babel.hyphen}
-should be loaded into the format by ini\TeX. It provides the macros
-from \file{babel.switch}, but additionally it reads the file
-\file{language.dat}, which specifies the languages for which
-hyphenation patterns should be loaded.
-
-In the previous release the file \file{babel.com} contained
-redefinitions for a lot of \LaTeX\ macros to replace texts with
-control sequences. This has been removed, because it is no longer
-necessary for releases of \LaTeX\ dated december 1991 or later. Those
-who still have an older release of \LaTeX\ can produce a special
-version of \file{babel.com} by including the docstrip option
-\meta{names} when stripping the file \file{babel.doc}.
-
-With the release of the new version of Frank Mittelbach's \texttt{doc}
-package the stripped files are no longer distributed. The distribution
-of babel now includes a file \file{install.babel} with which you can
-produce them (give the command \file{tex install.babel}).
-
-\section{Changes to the language specific files}
-
-Bernd Raichle has invented a solution for things like |\char"45|
-when the |"| is active. His solution (from german 2.3e) has been
-included in germanb and is copied for other language specific files
-that have an active |"|.
-
-A few terms have been added to the |\captions|\meta{...} macros,
-again following \file{german.tex}. These terms are |\prefacename|,
-|\seename| and |\seealsoname|. I don't have the correct
-translations for all languages yet, but that will be repaired as soon
-as someone provides them to me.
-
-For the dutch language the behaviour of the active double quote has
-been slightly modified. It has been noted that there is a difference
-between |"e|, where a `trema' should be produced and |\"u|, where we
-should get an `umlaut'. The difference between the two is that the
-`trema' should disappear at a hyphenation point, whereas the `umlaut'
-should not.
-
-\begin{thebibliography}{9}
- \bibitem{bab} Johannes Braams,
- \emph{Babel, a multilingual style-option system for use with
- \LaTeX's standard document styles},
- \emph{TUGboat} 12 (1991) \#2, p.~291--301.
- \bibitem{ilatex}Joachim Schrod,
- \emph{International \LaTeX\ is ready to use},
- \emph{TUGboat} 11 (1990) \#1, p.~87--90.
-\end{thebibliography}
-\end{document}
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@@ -1,448 +0,0 @@
-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the Babel system.
-% --------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
-% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-% \fi
-%%% ====================================================================
-%%% @TeX-file{
-%%% author = "Johannes",
-%%% version = "1.0",
-%%% date = "05 December 1995",
-%%% time = "22:43:54 MET",
-%%% filename = "tbstatus.tex",
-%%% address = "TeXniek,
-%%% Kersengaarde 33
-%%% 2723 BP Zoetermeer
-%%% The Netherlands",
-%%% telephone = "+31 79 352 28 19",
-%%% FAX = "+31 70 343 23 95",
-%%% checksum = "",
-%%% email = "babel@braams.cistron.nl (Internet)",
-%%% codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
-%%% keywords = "",
-%%% supported = "yes",
-%%% abstract = "",
-%%% docstring = "This article is derived from my
-%%% presentation at the EuroTeX'95 conference
-%%% and will appear in a future issue of
-%%% TuGboat.
-%%%
-%%% The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
-%%% checksum as the first value, followed by the
-%%% equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
-%%% count) utility output of lines, words, and
-%%% characters. This is produced by Robert
-%%% Solovay's checksum utility.",
-%%% }
-%%% ====================================================================
-\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
-\IfFileExists{ltugboat.cls}{%
- \documentclass{ltugboat}
- \def\rtitlex{TUGboat, Volume 16 (1995), No. 4}
- %\def\midrtitle{}
- %\def\PrelimDraftfooter{}
- %\let\TBmaketitle\maketitle
- %\SelfDocumenting
- \setcounter{page}{1}
- }{%
- \documentclass{article}
- \newcommand\address[1]{}
- \newcommand\netaddress[1]{}
- \newcommand\TUB{\textsl{TUGboat\/}}
- \newcommand\TeXhax{\TeX hax}}
-\usepackage{shortvrb}
-\MakeShortVerb{\|}
-
-\newcommand\figrule{\kern3pt\hrule\kern3pt}
-\newcommand*{\file}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand*{\cls}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand*{\pkg}[1]{\texttt{#1}}
-\newcommand*{\Lenv}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\newcommand*{\opt}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
-\newcommand*{\meta}[1]{\mbox{$\langle$\it #1\/$\rangle$}}
-\newcommand*\babel{\textsf{babel}}
-\newcommand*\bs{\char'134}
-\let\osn\oldstylenums
-
-\begin{document}
-
-\title{The status of \babel}
-\author{Johannes L. Braams}
-\address{%
- \TeX niek\\
- Kersengaarde 33\\
- 2723 BP Zoetermeer\\
- The Netherlands}
-\netaddress{babel@braams.cistron.nl}
-\date{september 1995}
-\maketitle
-
-\begin{abstract}
- In this article I will give an overview of what has happened to
- \babel\ lately. First I will briefly describe the history of \babel;
- then I will introduce the concept of `shorthands'. New ways of
- changing the `language' have been introduced and \babel\ can now
- easily be adapted for local needs. Finally I will discuss some
- compatibility issues.
-\end{abstract}
-
-\section{A brief history of \babel}
-
-The first ideas of developing a set of macros to support typesetting
-documents with \TeX\ in languages other than English developed around
-the time of the Euro\TeX\ conference in Karls\-ruhe (\osn{1989}). Back
-then I had created support for typesetting in Dutch by stealing
-\file{german.tex} (by Hubert Partl c.s.) and modifying it for Dutch
-conventions. This worked, but I was not completely satisfied as I hate
-the duplication of code. Soon after that I found that more `copies' of
-\file{german.tex} existed to support other languages. This led me to
-the idea of creating a package that combined these kind of language
-support packages. It would have to consist of at least two `layers':
-all the code the various copies of \file{german.tex} had in common in
-one place, loaded only once by \TeX, and a set of files with the code
-needed to support language specific needs. During the Karlsruhe
-conference the name `\babel' came up in discussions I had. It seemed
-an appropriate name and I sticked to it.
-
-\begin{table}[hbt]
- \begin{center}
- \begin{tabular}{l}
- \hline
- First ideas at Euro\protect\TeX'89 Karlsruhe\\
- First published in TUGboat 12--2\\
- Update article in TUGboat 14--1\\
- Presentation of new release at Euro\protect\TeX'95\\
- \hline
- \end{tabular}
- \caption{A brief history of \babel}
- \end{center}
-\end{table}
-
-After the conference I started to work on ``\babel, a multilingual
-style-option system for use with \LaTeX' standard document styles''.
-The first release with support for about half a dozen languages
-appeared in the first half of \osn{1990}. In TUGboat volume \osn{12}
-number \osn{2} an article appeared describing \babel. Soon thereafter
-people started contributing translations for the `standard terms' for
-languages not yet present in \babel. The next big update appeared in
-\osn{1992}, accompanied by an article in TUGboat volume \osn{14}
-number \osn{1}. The main new features were that an interface was added
-to `push' and `pop' macro definitions and values of registers. Also
-some code was moved from language files to the core of \babel. In
-\osn{1994} some changes were needed to get \babel\ to work with
-\LaTeXe. As it turned out a lot of problems were still unsolved,
-amongst which the incompatibility between \babel\ and the use of
-\textsc{T}\osn{1} encoded fonts was most important.
-
-\noindent Therefore \babel\ version \osn{3}.\osn{5} has appeared.
-It's main features are:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item complete rewrite of the way active characters are dealt with;
-\item new ways to switch the language;
-\item A language switch is also written to the \file{.aux} file;
-\item possibility to `configure' the language specific files;
-\item extended syntax of \file{language.dat};
-\item compatibility with both the \pkg{inputenc} and\\
- \pkg{fontenc} packages;
-\item new languages (breton, estonian, irish, scottish, lower and
- upper sorbian).
-\end{itemize}
-
-\noindent These changes are described in the remainder of this article.
-
-\section{Shorthands and active characters}
-
-During \babel's lifetime the number of languages for which one or more
-characters were made active has grown. Until \babel\ release
-\osn{3}.\osn{4} this needed a lot of duplication of code for each
-extra active character. A situation with which I obviously was not
-very happy as I hate the duplication of code. Another problematic
-aspect of the way \babel\ dealt with active characters was the way
-\babel\ made it possible to still use them in the arguments of cross
-referencing commands. \textsf{Babel} did this with a trick that
-involves the use of |\meaning|. This resulted in the fact that the
-argument of |\label| was no longer expanded by \TeX.
-
-Because of these problems I set out to find a different implementation
-of active characters. A starting point was that a character that is
-made active should remain active for the rest of the document; only
-it's definition should change. During the development of this new
-implementation it was suggested in discussions I had within the
-\LaTeX3 team to devise a way to have `different kinds' of active
-characters. Out of this discussion came the current `shorthands'.
-
-\begin{quote}
- \textsl{A shorthand is a sequence of one or two characters that
- expands to arbitrary \TeX\ code.}
-\end{quote}
-
-These shorthands are implemented in such a way that there are three
-levels of shorthands:
-
-\begin{itemize}
-\item user level
-\item language level
-\item system level
-\end{itemize}
-
-\noindent Shorthands can be used for different kinds of things:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item the character \verb=~= is redefined by \babel\ as a one
- character, system level shorthand;
-\item In some languages shorthands such as \verb="a= are defined to be
- able to hyphenate the word;
-\item In some languages shorthands such as \verb=!= are used to insert
- the right amount of white space.
-\end{itemize}
-
-When you want to use or define shorthands you should keep the
-following in mind:
-\begin{itemize}
-\item User level takes precedence over language level;
-\item Language level takes precedence over system level;
-\item One character shorthands take precedence over two character
- shorthands;
-\item Shorthands are written unexpanded to \file{.aux} files.
-\end{itemize}
-
-\noindent In table~\ref{tab:sh-ov} an overview is given of the
-various shorthand characters that are used for different languages.
-
-\begin{table}[ht]
- \begin{center}
- \begin{tabular}{ll}
- \hline
- \texttt{\char'176} & system, catalan, estonian, galician, spanish \\
- \texttt{:} & breton, francais, turkish \\
- \texttt{;} & breton, francais \\
- \texttt{!} & breton, francais, turkish \\
- \texttt{?} & breton, francais \\
- \texttt{"} & catalan, danish, dutch, estonian, finnish\\
- & galician, german, polish, portuguese, slovene\\
- & spanish, upper~sorbian\\
- \texttt{`} & catalan (optional)\\
- \texttt{'} & catalan, galician, spanish (optional)\\
- \texttt{\char'136} & esperanto\\
- \texttt{=} & turkish \\
- \hline
- \end{tabular}
- \caption{Overview of shorthands}\label{tab:sh-ov}
- \end{center}
-\end{table}
-
-Note that the acute and grave characters are only used as shorthand
-characters when the options \opt{activeacute} and \opt{activegrave}
-are used.
-
-On the user level three additional commands are available to deal with
-shorthands:
-\begin{description}
-\item[\texttt{\bs useshorthands}] This command takes one argument, the
- character that should become a shorthand character.
-\item[\texttt{\bs defineshorthand}] This command takes two arguments,
- the first argument being the shorthand character sequence, the
- second argument being the code the shorthand should expand to.
-\item[\texttt{\bs languageshorthands}] This last command (which takes
- one argument, the name of a language) can be used to switch to the
- shorthands of another language, \emph{not} switching other language
- facilities. Of course this only works if both languages were
- specified as an option when loading the package \babel.
-\end{description}
-
-On the level of the language definition files four new commands are
-introduced to interface with the shorthand code.
-\begin{description}
-\item[\texttt{\bs initiate@active@char}] This command is used to tell
- \LaTeX\ that the character in its argument is going to be used as a
- shorthand character. It makes the character active, but lets it
- expand to its non-active self.
-\item[\texttt{\bs bbl@activate}] This can be used to switch
- the expansion of an active character to its active code.
-\item[\texttt{\bs bbl@deactivate}] This command resets the expansion
- of an active character to expand to its non-active self.
-\item[\texttt{\bs declare@shorthand}] This command is the internal
- command for (and also used by) |\defineshorthand|; it has
- \emph{three} arguments: the first argument is the name of the
- language for which to define the shorthands, the other two are the
- same as for |\defineshorthand|.
-\end{description}
-
-One of the goals of the introduction of shorthands was to reduce the
-amount of code needed in the language definition files to support
-active characters. This goal has been reached; when a language needs
-the double quote character (\texttt{"}) to be active all one has to
-put into the language definition file are code fragments such as shown
-in figure~\ref{fig:dq}.
-
-\begin{figure}[ht]
- \figrule
-\begin{verbatim}
-\initiate@active@char{"}
-\addto\extrasdutch{%
- \languageshorthands{dutch}%
- \bbl@activate{"}}
-...
-\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"`}{%
- \textormath{\quotedblbase{}}%
- {\mbox{\quotedblbase}}}
-...
-\end{verbatim}
- \figrule
- \caption{Example of defining a shorthand}\label{fig:dq}
-\end{figure}
-
-Apart from removing a lot of code from language definition files by
-introducing shorthands, some other code has been moved to
-\file{babel.def} as well. In some language definition files it was
-necessary to provide access to glyphs that are not normally easily
-available (such as the |\quotedblbase| in the example in
-figure~\ref{fig:dq}. Some of these glyphs have to be `constructed' for
-\textsc{ot}\osn{1} encoding while they are present in
-\textsc{t}\osn{1} encoded fonts. Having all such (encoding dependent)
-code together in one place has the advantage these glyphs are the same
-for all the language definition files of \babel; also maintenance is
-easier this way.
-
-\section{Switching the language}
-
-Until release \osn{3}.\osn{5} \babel\ only had \emph{one} command to
-switch between languages: |\selectlanguage|. It takes the name of the
-language to switch to as an argument; the command is used as a
-declaration and always switches everything\footnote{that means the
- hyphenation pattern, the \texttt{\bs lefthyphenmin} and \texttt{\bs
- righthyphenmin} parameters, the translations of the words, the
- date and the specials}. Two new ways to switch to another language
-have now been introduced.
-
-\begin{description}
-\item[\texttt{\bs selectlanguage}] This command was available in
- \babel\ from the start.
-\item[\texttt{\bs foreignlanguage}] This new command is meant to be
- used when a short piece of text (such as a quote) comes from another
- language. This text should not be longer than \emph{one} paragraph.
- For the text the hyphenation patterns and the specials are switched.
- The command has two arguments: the name of the language and the text
- from that language.
-\item[environment `otherlanguage'] This new environment switches the
- same aspects as the command |\selectlanguage| does. The difference
- is that the switches are local to the environment whereas one either
- has to use |\selectlanguage| in a group to get the same effect or
- one has to issue multiple |\selectlanguage| commands. Also the
- environment is one of the things needed to enable the development of
- language definition files that support right-to-left typesetting.
-\end{description}
-
-An aspect of some multilingual documents might be that they have
-section titles or figure captions in different languages. For this to
-work properly \babel\ now writes some information on the \file{.aux}
-file when a language switch from either |\selectlanguage| or the
-\Lenv{otherlanguage} environment occurs. \textsf{Babel} nows about
-the \file{.toc}, \file{.lof} and \file{.lot} files; if you have added
-an extra table of contents you should be aware of this.
-
-\section{Adapting \babel\ for local usage}
-
-In the past people have had to find ways to adapt \babel\ to document
-classes that have been developed locally (implementing house style for
-instance). Some have found ways to that without changing any of the
-babel files, others have modified language definition files and have
-found themselves having to make these changes each time a new release
-of \babel\ is made available\footnote{which doesn't happen too often
- \texttt{;-)}.}. It has been suggested to provide an easier way of
-doing this. Therefore I have copied the concept of configuration files
-from \LaTeXe\ and introduced language configuration files. For each
-language definition file that is loaded \LaTeX\ will try to find a
-configuration file. Such files have the same name as the language
-definition file; except for their extension which has to be
-\file{.cfg}.
-
-\section{Loading hyphenation patterns}
-
-An important change to the core of \babel\ is that the syntax of
-\file{language.dat} has been extended. This was suggested by Bernard
-Gaulle, author of the package \pkg{french}. His package supports an
-enhanced version of \file{language.dat} in which one can optionally
-indicate that a file with a list of hyphenation excpetions has to be
-loaded. It is also possible to have more than one name for the same
-hyphenation pattern register.
-
-\begin{figure}[ht]
- \figrule
-\begin{verbatim}
-% File : language.dat
-% Purpose : specify which hypenation
-% patterns to load while running
-% iniTeX
-=american
-english hyphen.english exceptions.english
-=USenglish
-french fr8hyph.tex
-english ukhyphen.tex
-=UKenglish
-=british
-dutch hyphen.dutch
-german hyphen.german
-\end{verbatim}
- \figrule
- \caption{Example of \file{language.dat}}\label{fig:l.d}
-\end{figure}
-
-As you can see in the example of \file{language.dat} in
-figure~\ref{fig:l.d}, an equals sign ($=$) on the beginning of a line
-now has a significant meaning. It tells \LaTeX\ that the name which
-follows the equals sign is to be an alternate name for the hyphenation
-patterns that were loaded last. As you probably expect, there is one
-exception to this rule: when the first (non-comment) line starts with
-an equals sign it will be an alternate name for the \emph{next}
-hyphenation patterns that will be loaded. Hence, in the example the
-hyphenation patterns stored in the file \file{hyphen.english} will be
-known to \TeX\ as: `american', `english' and `USenglish'. You can also
-see in figuree~\ref{fig:l.d} that for `english' an extra file is
-specified. It will be loaded after \file{hyphen.english} and should
-contain some hyphenation exceptions.
-
-\section{Compatibility with other formats}
-
-This release of \babel\ has been tested with \LaTeXe; with and
-without either of the packages \pkg{inputenc} or \pkg{fontenc}. There
-should no longer be any problems using one (or both) of these packages
-together with \babel.
-
-\noindent This release has also been tested with \textsc{Plain}~\TeX, it should
-not provide any problems when used with that format. Therefore
-\babel~version \osn{3}.\osn{5} should not pose any problems when used
-with any format which is based on \textsc{Plain}~\TeX; this has
-\emph{not} been tested by me though. Some provisions are made to make
-\babel~\osn{3}.\osn{5} work with \LaTeX$\:$\osn{2}.\osn{09}; but not
-all features may work as expected as I haven't tested this fully.
-
-Please note that although it was necessary to copy parts of
-\pkg{inputenc} and \pkg{fontenc} this does not mean that you get
-\textsc{t}\osn{1} support in \textsc{Plain}~\TeX, simply by adding
-\babel. To acheive that much more work is needed.
-
-\end{document}
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-% \iffalse meta-comment
-%
-% Copyright 1989-2005 Johannes L. Braams and any individual authors
-% listed elsewhere in this file. All rights reserved.
-%
-% This file is part of the Babel system.
-% --------------------------------------
-%
-% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
-% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
-% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
-% The latest version of this license is in
-% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
-% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
-% version 2003/12/01 or later.
-%
-% This work has the LPPL maintenance status "maintained".
-%
-% The Current Maintainer of this work is Johannes Braams.
-%
-% The list of all files belonging to the Babel system is
-% given in the file `manifest.bbl. See also `legal.bbl' for additional
-% information.
-%
-% The list of derived (unpacked) files belonging to the distribution
-% and covered by LPPL is defined by the unpacking scripts (with
-% extension .ins) which are part of the distribution.
-% \fi
-\documentclass[11pt]{article}
-\usepackage[american,greek]{babel}
-\languageattribute{greek}{polutoniko}
-\usepackage{athnum,grmath}
-\newcommand{\sg}{\selectlanguage{greek}}
-\newcommand{\sa}{\selectlanguage{american}}
-\begin{document}
-\show\extrasgreek
-%\show\extraspolutonikogreek
-\selectlanguage{american}
-
-\title{Writing Greek with the \ttfamily greek\rmfamily\ option of the
-\ttfamily babel\rmfamily\ package}
-\author{Apostolos Syropoulos\\
- 366, 28th October Str.\\
- GR-671 00 Xanthi, GREECE\\
- e-mail: \texttt{apostolo@platon.ee.duth.gr}}
-\date{October 15, 1997}
-\maketitle
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Overview}
-The \texttt{greek} option of the \texttt{babel} package is an attempt to
-make it possible for someone to write Greek text with \LaTeX. The current
-version of the \texttt{greek} option supports the \sg polutonik'o \sa\
-accentual system of the Greek language.
-Moreover, there is now support for Greek numerals. One can produce easily
-valid Greek numerals both in uppercase and lowercase forms, e.g,
-\textgreek{\greeknumeral{1997}}\ and \textgreek{\Greeknumeral{1997}}. The
-labels in second and fourth level enumerations are lowercase
-and uppercase Greek numerals correspondingly.
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Typing Greek Text}
-\TeX\ understands only the basic ASCII characters, so it is not possible
-to enter directly Greek letters. Instead, someone enters Latin letters
-which are mapped to their Greek ``counterparts'' by \TeX. The following
-table shows the transliteration employed:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{|lllllllllllll|}\hline
-\textgreek{a}&
-\textgreek{b}&
-\textgreek{g}&
-\textgreek{d}&
-\textgreek{e}&
-\textgreek{z}&
-\textgreek{h}&
-\textgreek{j}&
-\textgreek{i}&
-\textgreek{k}&
-\textgreek{l}&
-\textgreek{m}&
-\textgreek{n}\\
-a& b& g& d& e& z& h& j& i& k& l& m& n\\
-\hline
-\textgreek{x}&
-\textgreek{o}&
-\textgreek{p}&
-\textgreek{r}&
-\textgreek{sv}&
-\textgreek{t}&
-\textgreek{u}&
-\textgreek{f}&
-\textgreek{q}&
-\textgreek{y}&
-\textgreek{w}&
-\textgreek{c}& \hbox{ } \\
-x& o& p& r& s&
-t& u& f& q& y& w& c& \hbox{ }\\ \hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-Please, note that in order to produce the letter \textgreek{sv} in isolation
-on has to type \texttt{sv}. This feature is due to the strong ligature
-that \TeX\ employs.
-In the ``modern'' \textgreek{monotonik'o} accentual system only one accent is
-used---\textgreek{oxe'ia} (acute). In the traditional \textgreek{polutonik'o}
-accentual system we
-need more accents and breathing signs. We can produce an accented letter by
-prefixing the letter with he symbol that denotes the accent, e.g.,
-\texttt{>a'erac} produces the word \sg >a'erac.\sa\footnote{For the
-technically inclined reader, we must say that \TeX\ uses the ligature table of
-the font in order to determine the character that corresponds to the
-input character sequence.} Here are the symbols that are recognized:
-
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{cccc}\hline
-Accent & Symbol & Example & Output\\ \hline
-acute & \texttt{'} & \texttt{g'ata} & \textgreek{g'ata}\\
-grave & \texttt{`} & \texttt{dad`i} & \textgreek{dad`i}\\
-circumflex & \verb+~+ & \verb+ful~hc+ & \sg\textgreek{ful~hc}\sa\\
-rough breathing & \verb+<+ & \verb+<'otan+ & \sg\textgreek{<'otan}\sa\\
-smooth breathing & \verb+>+ & \verb+>'aneu+ & \sg\textgreek{>'aneu}\sa\\
-subscript & \texttt{|} & \verb+>anate'ilh|+ & \sg\textgreek{>anate'ilh|}\\
-dieresis & \texttt{"}& \texttt{qa"ide'uh|c} & \sg\textgreek{qa"ide'uh|c}\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-Note that the subscript symbol is placed \textbf{after} the letter.
-The last thing someone must know in order to be able to write normal Greek
-text is the punctuation marks used in the language:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{ccc}\hline
-Punctuation Sign & Symbol & Output\\ \hline
-period & \texttt{.} & \sg\textgreek{.}\sa\\
-semicolon & \texttt{;} & \sg\textgreek{;}\sa\\
-exclamation mark & \texttt{!} & \sg\textgreek{!}\sa\\
-comma & \texttt{,} & \sg\textgreek{,}\sa\\
-colon & \texttt{:} & \sg\textgreek{:}\sa\\
-question mark & \texttt{?} & \sg\textgreek{?}\sa\\
-left apostrophe & \texttt{``} & \sg\textgreek{``}\sa\\
-right apostrophe & \texttt{''} & \sg\textgreek{''}\sa\\
-left quotation mark & \texttt{((} & \sg\textgreek{))}\sa\\
-right quotation mark & \texttt{))} & \sg\textgreek{))}\sa\\ \hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-Using these conventions it is a straightforward exercise to write Greek
-\textgreek{polutoniko} text. For example the following excerpt from
-\textgreek{D'uskoloc} of \textgreek{M'enandroc}
-\sg
-\begin{quote}
-T'i f'hic? <Id`wn >enj'ede pa~id'' >eleuj'eran\\
-t`ac plhs'ion N'umfac stefano~usan, S'wstrate,\\
->er~wn 'ap~hljec e>uj'uc?
-\end{quote}
-\sa can be produced by the following \LaTeX\ code:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{l}
-\verb+T'i f'hic? <Id`wn >enj'ede pa~id'' >eleuj'eran+\\
-\verb+t`ac plhs'ion N'umfac stefano~usan, S'wstrate,+\\
-\verb+>er~wn 'ap~hljec e>uj'uc?+
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-\section{Producing Greek Text}
-Once the Greek language is selected with the command
-\begin{center}
-\verb+\selectlanguage{greek}+
-\end{center}
-whatever we type will be typeset with the Greek fonts. The command
-\verb+\textlatin+ can be used for short passages in some language that
-uses the Latin alphabet, while the the command \verb+\latintext+ changes
-the base fonts to the ones used by languages that use the Latin alphabet.
-However, all words will be hyphenated by following the Greek hyphenation
-rules! Similar commands are available once someone has selected some
-other language. The commands \verb+\textgreek+ and \verb+\greektext+
-behave exactly like their ``latin'' counterparts. For example, the
-word \textgreek{M'imhc} has been produced with the command
-\verb+\textgreek{M'imhc}+. Please note that certain symbols cannot have
-their expected result for Greek text, unless someone has selected the Greek
-language, e.g., \verb+~+ is such a symbol.
-
-As we have mentioned above this version of the \texttt{greek} option of the
-\texttt{babel} package supports the use of Greek numerals. The commands
-\verb+\greeknumeral+ and \verb+\Greeknumeral+ produce the lowercase and
-the uppercase Greek numeral, e.g.,
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
-Command & Output\\ \hline
-\verb+\Greeknumeral{9999}+ & \sg\textgreek{\Greeknumeral{9999}}\\
-\verb+\greeknumeral{9999}+ & \sg\textgreek{\greeknumeral{9999}}\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-In order to correctly typeset the greek numerals the greek option file
-provides the following commands:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
-Command & Output\\ \hline
-\verb+\qoppa+ & \textgreek{\qoppa}\\
-\verb+\sampi+ & \textgreek{\sampi}\\
-\verb+\stigma+ & \textgreek{\stigma}\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-
-In traditional Greek typography the first paragraph after a header is
-always indented, contrary to the habit of, say, American typography. This
-effect can be achieved by using the package \verb+indentfirst+.
-
-Additional greek symbols are available:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
-Command & Output\\ \hline
-\verb+\Digamma+ & \sg\textgreek{\Digamma}\\
-\verb+\ddigamma+ & \sg\textgreek{\ddigamma}\\
-%\verb+\tao+ & \sg\textgreek{\tao}\\
-%\verb+\Qoppa+ & \sg\textgreek{\Qoppa}\\
-%\verb|\VarQoppa| & \sg\textgreek{\VarQoppa}\\
-%\verb+\varqoppa+ & \sg\textgreek{\varqoppa}\\
-%\verb+\Sampi+ & \sg\textgreek{\Sampi}\\
-%\verb|\Stigma| & \sg\textgreek{\Stigma}\\
-\verb|\euro| & \sg\textgreek{\euro}\\
-\verb|\permill| & \sg\textgreek{\permill}\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-
-The package \verb|athnum| provides the command \verb|\athnum|, with which
-one can produce the so called \textit{Athenian numerals}:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
-Command & Output\\ \hline
-\verb|\athnum{1997}| & \sg\textgreek{\athnum{1997}}\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-
-The package \verb|grmath| renames the basic log-like functions with their
-greek counterparts:
-\begin{center}
-\begin{tabular}{cc}\hline
-Command & Output\\ \hline
-\verb|$\sin^{2}x+\cos^{2}x=1$| & $\sin^{2}x+\cos^{2}y=1$\\
-\hline
-\end{tabular}
-\end{center}
-\end{document}
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