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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2011-05-04 23:39:21 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2011-05-04 23:39:21 +0000
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FAQ-en 3.22 (4may11)
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-<head>
-<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label 2letterfontcmd</title>
-</head><body>
-<h3>What&#8217;s wrong with <code>\</code><code>bf</code>, <code>\</code><code>it</code>, etc.?</h3>
-<p/>The font-selection commands of LaTeX 2.09 were <code>\</code><code>rm</code>, <code>\</code><code>sf</code>,
-<code>\</code><code>tt</code>, <code>\</code><code>it</code>, <code>\</code><code>sl</code>, <code>\</code><code>em</code> and <code>\</code><code>bf</code>; they were modal
-commands, so you used them as:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-{\bf Fred} was {\it here\/}}.
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-with the font change enclosed in a group, so as to limit its effect;
-note the italic correction command <code>\</code><code>/</code> that was necessary at the
-end of a section in italics.
-<p/>At the release of LaTeX2e in summer 1994, these simple commands were
-deprecated, but recognising that their use is deeply embedded in the
-brains of LaTeX users, the commands themselves remain in LaTeX,
-<em>with their LaTeX 2.09 semantics</em>. Those semantics were part of
-the reason they were deprecated: each <code>\</code><em><code>xx</em></code> overrides
-any other font settings, keeping only the size. So, for example,
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-{\bf\it Here we are again\/}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-ignores <code>\</code><code>bf</code> and produces text in italic, medium weight (and the
-italic correction has a real effect), whereas
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-{\it\bf happy as can be\/}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-ignore <code>\</code><code>it</code> and produces upright text at bold weight (and the
-italic correction has nothing to do). The same holds if you mix
-LaTeX2e font selections with the old style commands:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-\textbf{\tt all good friends}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-ignores the <code>\</code><code>textbf</code> that encloses the text, and produces
-typewriter text at medium weight.
-<p/>So why are these commands deprecated? &#8212; it is because of confusions
-such as that in the last example. The alternative (LaTeX2e)
-commands are discussed in the rest of this answer.
-<p/>LaTeX2e&#8217;s font commands come in two forms: modal commands and
-text-block commands. The default set of modal commands offers weights
-<code>\</code><code>mdseries</code> and <code>\</code><code>bfseries</code>, shapes <code>\</code><code>upshape</code>,
-<code>\</code><code>itshape</code>, <code>\</code><code>scshape</code> and <code>\</code><code>slshape</code>, and families
-<code>\</code><code>rmfamily</code>, <code>\</code><code>sffamily</code> and <code>\</code><code>ttfamily</code>. A font selection
-requires a family, a shape and a series (as well as a size, of
-course). A few examples
-<blockquote>
-
-<pre>
-{\bfseries\ttfamily and jolly good company!}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-produces bold typewriter text (but note the lack of a
-
- <a href="FAQ-bold-extras.html">bold typewriter font</a>
-in the default Computer Modern fonts), or
-<blockquote>
-
-<pre>
-{\slshape\sffamily Never mind the weather\/}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-(note the italic correction needed on slanted fonts, too).
-<p/>LaTeX2e&#8217;s text block commands take the first two letters of the
-modal commands, and form a <code>\</code><code>text</code><em><code>xx</em></code> command from
-them. Thus <code>\</code><code>bfseries</code> becomes <code>\</code><code>textbf{</code><em>text</em><code>}</code>,
-<code>\</code><code>itshape</code> becomes <code>\</code><code>textit{</code><em>text</em><code>}</code>, and <code>\</code><code>ttfamily</code>
-becomes <code>\</code><code>texttt{</code><em>text</em><code>}</code>. Block commands may be nested, as:
-<blockquote>
-<pre>
-\textit{\textbf{Never mind the rain}}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-to produce bold italic text (note that the block commands supply
-italic corrections where necessary), and they be nested with the
-LaTeX2e modal commands, too:
-<blockquote>
-
-<pre>
-\texttt{\bfseries So long as we're together}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-for bold typewriter, or
-<blockquote>
-
-<pre>
-{\slshape \textbf{Whoops! she goes again}\/}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-for a bold slanted instance of the current family (note the italic
-correction applied at the end of the modal command group, again).
-<p/>The new commands (as noted above) override commands of the same type.
-In almost all cases, this merely excludes ludicrous ideas such as
-&#8220;upright slanted&#8221; fonts, or &#8220;teletype roman&#8221; fonts. There are a
-couple of immediate oddities, though. The first is the conflict
-between <code>\</code><code>itshape</code> (or <code>\</code><code>slshape</code>) and <code>\</code><code>scshape</code>: while many
-claim that an italic small-caps font is typographically unsound, such
-fonts do exist. Daniel Taupin&#8217;s <i>smallcap</i> package enables
-use of the instances in the <a href="FAQ-ECfonts.html">EC fonts</a>, and
-similar techniques could be brought to bear on many other font sets.
-The second is the conflict between <code>\</code><code>upshape</code> and <code>\</code><code>itshape</code>:
-Knuth actually offers an upright-italic font which LaTeX uses for
-the &#8220;&#163;&#8221; symbol in the default font set. The combination is
-sufficiently weird that, while there&#8217;s a defined font shape, no
-default LaTeX commands exist; to use the shape, the (eccentric) user
-needs LaTeX&#8217;s simplest font selection commands:
-<blockquote>
-
-<pre>
-{\fontshape{ui}\selectfont Tra la la, di dee}
-</pre>
-</blockquote><p>
-<dl>
-<dt><tt><i>smallcap.sty</i></tt><dd><a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/smallcap.zip">macros/latex/contrib/smallcap</a> (or <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/smallcap/">browse the directory</a>); <a href="http://mirror.ctan.org/help/Catalogue/entries/smallcap.html">catalogue entry</a>
-</dl>
-<p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2letterfontcmd">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2letterfontcmd</a>
-</body>