FAQ-en (7jun13)

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-% $Id: faq-symbols.tex,v 1.14 2012/01/16 23:37:15 rf10 Exp rf10 $
-
-\section{Symbols, etc.}
-
-\Question[Q-usesymb]{Using symbols}
-
-Most symbol font sets come with a package that defines commands for
-every symbol in the font.  While this is convenient, it can lead to
-difficulties, particularly with name clashes when you load packages
-that cover fonts which duplicate symbols~--- an issue which is
-discussed in
-\begin{narrowversion}
-  \Qref[question]{}{Q-alreadydef}.
-\end{narrowversion}
-\begin{wideversion}
-  ``\Qref{symbol already defined}{Q-alreadydef}''.
-\end{wideversion}
-Some font sets (for example the related set: \FontName{FdSymbol},
-\FontName{MdSymbol} and \FontName{MnSymbol}) are huge, and the
-accompanying macros cover so many symbols that name clashes are surely
-a serious problem.
-
-The \Package{pifont} package (originally designed to use the Adobe
-\FontName{Zapf Dingbats} font) avoids this sort of problem: it requires
-you to know the font position of any symbol you want to use (the
-documentation provides font tables).  The basic command is
-\cmdinvoke*{ding}{number} for a single symbol; there are commands for
-other fancier uses.  \Package{Pifont} also allows you to select other
-fonts, for similar use.
-
-The \Package{yagusylo} describes itself as ``an extended version of
-\Package{pifont}, gone technicolor''.  It provides all the facilities
-of \Package{pifont}, but allows you to create your own mnemonic names
-for symbols.  Thus, while you can say % ! line break
-\cmdinvoke*{yagding}[family]{symbol number}[colour], you can also
-define symbol names with \csx{defdingname}, and then use them
-with \cmdinvoke*{yagding*}{symbol name} (the defined name carries the
-font family and colour specified in the arguments of
-\csx{defdingname}).
-
-\Package{Yagusylo} is somewhat complicated, but its documentation is
-clear; it is probably the best tool to use for picking and choosing
-symbols from a variety of font families.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[FdSymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{fdsymbol}
-\item[MdSymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mdsymbol}
-\item[MnSymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mnsymbol}
-\item[pifont.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{psnfss}
-\item[yagusylo.sty]\CTANref{yagusylo}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-numbersets]{Symbols for the number sets}
-
-Mathematicians commonly use special lettering for the real numbers and
-other standard number sets. Traditionally these were typeset in bold.
-In the ordinary course of events, mathematicians do not have
-access to bold chalk, so they invented special symbols that are now
-often used for the number sets.  Such symbols are known as
-``blackboard bold'' (or double-stroked) letters; in place of the heavier
-strokes of a bold font, (some) strokes of the letters are doubled.
-The minimum useful set is upper-case letters `I', `N', `R', `Q' and
-`Z'; some fonts offer a figure `1' (for a unit matrix~--- not a number
-set at all).
-
-A set of blackboard bold capitals is available in the \acro{AMS}
-\FontName{msbm} fonts (\FontName{msbm} is available at a range of
-design sizes, with names such as \FontName{msbm10}).  The \acro{AMS}
-actually provides a pair of font
-families (the other is called \FontName{msam}), which offer a large number of
-mathematical symbols to supplement those provided in Knuth's fonts.
-The fonts are available in Type~1 format in
-modern distributions.   Support for using the fonts under
-\LaTeX{} is available in packages \Package{amssymb} and
-\Package{amsfonts}.  The font shape is a rather
-austere sans, which many people don't like (though it captures the
-essence of quickly-chalked writing rather well).
-
-The \FontName{bbold} family is set of blackboard bold fonts written in
-\MF{}.  This set offers blackboard bold forms of lower-case letters;
-the font source directory also contains sources for a \LaTeX{} package
-that enables use of the fonts.  The fonts are not available in Type~1 format.
-
-The \FontName{bbm} family claims to provide
-`blackboard' versions of most of the \FontName{cm} fonts~\dots{} including
-the bold and bold-extended series.  Again, the fonts are designed in
-\MF{} and are not available in Type~1 format.  \LaTeX{} macro support
-comes from a package by Torsten Hilbrich.
-
-The \FontName{doublestroke} family comes in just roman
-and sans shapes, at a single weight, and is available both as \MF{}
-sources and as Type~1; the font covers the uppercase latin letters,
-lowercase `h' and 'k', and the digit `1'.
-
-A document that shows the \FontName{bbm}, \FontName{bbold},
-\FontName{doublestroke} and \FontName{msbm} fonts, so that you can get
-a feel for their appearance, is available (\acro{CTAN} package
-\Package{blackboard}).
-
-An alternative source of Type~1 fonts with blackboard bold characters
-may be found in the steadily increasing set of complete families, both
-commercial and free, that have been prepared for use with \AllTeX{}
-(see % beware line break
-\htmlonly{``}\Qref[question]{choice of outline fonts}{Q-psfchoice}\htmlonly{''}).
-Of the free sets, the \FontName{txfonts} and \FontName{pxfonts} families
-both come with replicas of \FontName{msam} and \FontName{msbm}
-(though, as noted elsewhere, there are other reasons not to use these
-fonts).  The \FontName{mathpazo} family includes a ``mathematically
-significant'' choice of blackboard bold characters, and the
-\FontName{fourier} fonts contain blackboard bold upper-case letters,
-the digit `1', and lower-case `k'.
-
-The ``lazy person's'' blackboard bold macros:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\newcommand{\R}{{\textsf{R}\hspace*{-0.9ex}%
-  \rule{0.15ex}{1.5ex}\hspace*{0.9ex}}}
-\newcommand{\N}{{\textsf{N}\hspace*{-1.0ex}%
-  \rule{0.15ex}{1.3ex}\hspace*{1.0ex}}}
-\newcommand{\Q}{{\textsf{Q}\hspace*{-1.1ex}%
-  \rule{0.15ex}{1.5ex}\hspace*{1.1ex}}}
-\newcommand{\C}{{\textsf{C}\hspace*{-0.9ex}%
-  \rule{0.15ex}{1.3ex}\hspace*{0.9ex}}}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-are almost acceptable at normal size if the surrounding text is
-\FontName{cmr10} (the position of the vertical bar can be affected by
-the surrounding font).  However, they are not part of a proper maths font,
-and do not work in sub- and superscripts.  As we've seen, there are
-plenty of alternatives: that mythical ``lazy'' person can inevitably
-do better than the macros, or anything similar using capital `I'
-(which looks even worse!).  Voluntary  \AllTeX{} effort has redefined
-the meaning of laziness (in this respect!).
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[AMS support files]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[AMS symbol fonts]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[bbm fonts]\CTANref{bbm}
-\item[bbm macros]\CTANref{bbm-macros}
-\item[bbold fonts]\CTANref{bbold}
-\item[blackboard \nothtml{\rmfamily}evaluation set]\CTANref{blackboard}
-\item[doublestroke fonts]\CTANref{doublestroke}
-\item[fourier fonts]\CTANref{fourier}
-\item[mathpazo fonts]\CTANref{mathpazo}
-\item[pxfonts]\CTANref{pxfonts}
-\item[txfonts]\CTANref{txfonts}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-scriptfonts]{Better script fonts for maths}
-
-The font selected by \csx{mathcal} is the only script font `built
-in'. However, there are other useful calligraphic fonts included with
-modern \TeX{} distributions.
-\begin{description}
-\item[Euler] The \Package{eucal} package (part of most sensible \TeX{}
-  distributions; the fonts are part of the \acro{AMS} font set) gives
-  a slightly curlier font than the default. The package changes the
-  font that is selected by \csx{mathcal}.
-  
-  Type 1 versions of the fonts are available in the \acro{AMS} fonts
-  distribution.
-\item[mathabx] The \FontName{mathabx} bundle provides calligraphic
-  letters (in both upper and lower case); the fonts were developed in
-  MetaFont, but a version in Adobe Type 1 format is available.  The
-  bundle's documentation offers a series of comparisons of its
-  calligraphic set with Computer Modern's (both regular mathematical
-  and calligraphic letters); the difference are not large.
-\item[mnsymbol] The \FontName{mnsymbol} bundle provides (among many
-  other symbols) a set of calligraphic letters, though (again) they're
-  rather similar to the default Computer Modern set.
-\item[RSFS] The \Package{mathrsfs} package uses a really fancy script
-  font (the name stands for ``Ralph Smith's Formal Script'') which is
-  already part of most modern \TeX{} distributions (Type~1 versions of
-  the font are also provided, courtesy of Taco Hoekwater).  The package
-  creates a new command \csx{mathscr}.
-\item[RSFSO] The bundle \Package{rsfso} provides a less dramatically
-  oblique version of the \acro{RSFS} fonts; the result proves quite
-  pleasing~--- similar to the effect of the the (commercial) script
-  font in the Adobe Mathematical Pi collection.
-\item[Zapf Chancery] is the standard \PS{} calligraphic font.  There
-  is no package but you can easily make it available by means of the
-  command
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{narrowversion}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}%
-                                 {m}{it}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{narrowversion}
-\begin{wideversion}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it} 
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wideversion}
-\end{quote}
-  in your preamble.  You may find the font rather too big; if so, you
-  can use a scaled version of it like this:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{narrowversion}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{pzc}{}
-\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}%
-             {<-> s * [0.900] pzcmi7t}{}
-\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}%
-                                 {m}{it}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{narrowversion}
-\begin{wideversion}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\DeclareFontFamily{OT1}{pzc}{}
-\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}{<-> s * [0.900] pzcmi7t}{}
-\DeclareMathAlphabet{\mathscr}{OT1}{pzc}{m}{it}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wideversion}
-\end{quote}
-  Adobe Zapf Chancery (which the above examples use) is distributed in
-  any but the most basic \PS{} printers.  A substantially identical
-  font (to the extent that the same metrics may be used) is
-  available from \acro{URW}, called URW Chancery L: it is distributed
-  with Ghostscript, and as part of the ``URW base35'' bundle; the
-  \Package{urwchancal} package (which includes virtual fonts to tweak
-  appearance) provides for its use as a calligraphic font.
-\end{description}
-Examples of the available styles are linked from the packages'
-catalogue entries.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[eucal.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[euler fonts]Distributed as part of \CTANref{amsfonts}
-\item[ghostscript]Browse \CTANref{ghostscript}
-\item[mathabx \nothtml{\rmfamily}as \MF{}]\CTANref{mathabx}
-\item[mathabx \nothtml{\rmfamily}in Type 1 format]\CTANref{mathabx-type1}
-\item[mathrsfs.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{jknappen-macros}[mathrsfs]
-\item[mnsymbol \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mnsymbol}
-\item[rsfs \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{rsfs}
-\item[rsfso \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{rsfso}
-\item[Script font examples]\CTANref{mathscript}
-\item[urwchancal]\CTANref{urwchancal}[urwchancal]
-\item[URW Chancery L]Distributed as part of \CTANref{urw-base35}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2011-08-17}
-
-\Question[Q-boldgreek]{Setting bold Greek letters in \LaTeX{}}
-
-The issue here is complicated by the fact that \csx{mathbf} (the
-command for setting bold \emph{text} in \TeX{} maths) affects a select
-few mathematical symbols (the uppercase Greek letters).  However
-lower-case Greek letters behave differently from upper-case Greek
-letters (due to Knuth's esoteric font encoding decisions).  However,
-\csx{mathbf} \emph{can't} be used even for upper-case Greek letters in
-the \AMSLaTeX{} \Package{amsmath} package, which
-disables this font-switching and you must use one of the techniques
-outlined below.
-
-The \plaintex{} solution \emph{does} work, in a limited way:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-{\boldmath$\theta$}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-but \csx{boldmath} may not be used in maths mode, so this `solution'
-requires arcana such as:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-$... \mbox{\boldmath$\theta$} ...$
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-which then causes problems in superscripts, etc.
-
-These problems may be addressed by using a bold mathematics package.
-\begin{itemize}
-\item The \Package{bm} package, which is part of the \LaTeX{} tools
-  distribution, defines a command \csx{bm} which may be used anywhere
-  in maths mode.
-\item The \Package{amsbsy} package (which is part of \AMSLaTeX{})
-  defines a command \csx{boldsymbol}, which (though slightly less
-  comprehensive than \csx{bm}) covers almost all common cases.
-\end{itemize}
-
-All these solutions cover all mathematical symbols, not merely Greek
-letters.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[bm.sty]Distributed as part of \CTANref{2etools}[bm]
-\item[amsbsy.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{} \CTANref{amslatex}[amsbsy]
-\item[amsmath.sty]Distributed as part of \AMSLaTeX{}
-  \CTANref{amslatex}[amsmath]
-\end{ctanrefs}
-
-\Question[Q-prinvalint]{The Principal Value Integral symbol}
-
-This symbol (an integral sign, `crossed') does not appear in any of
-the fonts ordinarily available to \AllTeX{} users, but it can be
-created by use of the following macros:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{wideversion}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
-   {\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
-   {\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
-   {\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
-   {\XXint\scriptscriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
-   \!\int}
-\def\XXint#1#2#3{{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
-     \vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
-\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
-\def\dashint{\Xint-}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{wideversion}
-\begin{narrowversion}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\def\Xint#1{\mathchoice
-   {\XXint\displaystyle\textstyle{#1}}%
-   {\XXint\textstyle\scriptstyle{#1}}%
-   {\XXint\scriptstyle\scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
-   {\XXint\scriptscriptstyle
-                      \scriptscriptstyle{#1}}%
-   \!\int}
-\def\XXint#1#2#3{{%
-     \setbox0=\hbox{$#1{#2#3}{\int}$}
-     \vcenter{\hbox{$#2#3$}}\kern-.5\wd0}}
-\def\ddashint{\Xint=}
-\def\dashint{\Xint-}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{narrowversion}
-\end{quote}
-\csx{dashint} gives a single-dashed integral sign, \csx{ddashint} a
-double-dashed one.
-
-\Question[Q-underscore]{How to typeset an underscore character}
-
-The underscore character `\texttt{\_}' is ordinarily used in \TeX{} to
-indicate a subscript in maths mode; if you type \texttt{\_}, on its
-own, in the course of ordinary text, \TeX{} will complain.  The
-``proper'' \latex{} command for underscore is \csx{textunderscore},
-but the \latexo{} command \csx{\_} is an established alias.  Even so,
-if you're writing a document which will contain a large number of
-underscore characters, the prospect of typing \csx{\_} for every one
-of them will daunt most ordinary people.
-
-Moderately skilled macro programmers can readily generate a quick hack
-to permit typing `\texttt{\_}' to mean `text underscore' (the answer in
-\begin{hyperversion}
-  ``\Qref{defining characters as macros}{Q-activechars}''
-\end{hyperversion}
-\begin{flatversion}
-  \Qref[question]{}{Q-activechars}
-\end{flatversion}
-uses this example to illustrate its techniques).
-However, the code \emph{is} somewhat tricky, and more importantly
-there are significant points where it's easy to get it wrong.  There
-is therefore a package \Package{underscore} which provides a general
-solution to this requirement.
-
-There is a problem, though: \acro{OT}1 text fonts don't contain an
-underscore character, unless they're in the typewriter version of the
-encoding (used by fixed-width fonts such as \texttt{cmtt}).  In place
-of such a character, \latex{} (in \acro{OT}1 encoding) uses a short rule
-for the command \csx{textunderscore}, but this poses problems
-for systems that interpret \acro{PDF}~--- for example those
-\acro{PDF}-to-voice systems used by those who find reading difficult.
-
-So either you must ensure that your underscore characters only occur
-in text set in a typewriter font, or you must use a more modern
-encoding, such as \acro{T}1, which has the same layout for every font,
-and thus an underscore in every font.
-
-A stable procedure to achieve this is:
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-% (1) choose a font that is available as T1
-% for example:
-\usepackage{lmodern}
-
-% (2) specify encoding
-\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
-
-% (3) load symbol definitions
-\usepackage{textcomp}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-which will provide a command \csx{textunderscore} which robustly
-selects the right character.  The \Package{underscore} package,
-mentioned above, will use this command.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[underscore.sty]\CTANref{underscore}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2011-08-17}
-
-\Question[Q-atsign]{How to type an `@' sign?}
-
-Long ago, some packages used to use the `@' sign as a special
-character, so that special measures were needed to type it.  While
-those packages are still in principle available, few people use them,
-and those that do use them have ready access to rather good
-documentation.
-
-Ordinary people (such as the author of this \acro{FAQ}) need only type
-`@'.
-\LastEdit{2011-08-16}
-
-\Question[Q-euro]{Typesetting the Euro sign}
-
-The European currency ``Euro'' (\texteuro {}) is represented by a symbol
-of somewhat dubious design, but it's an important currency and
-\AllTeX{} users need to typeset it.  When the currency first appeared,
-typesetting it was a serious problem for \AllTeX{} users; things are
-easier now (most fonts have some way of providing a Euro sign), but
-this answer provides a summary of methods ``just in case''.
-
-Note that the Commission of the European Community at first deemed
-that the Euro symbol should always be set in a sans-serif font;
-fortunately, this eccentric ruling has now been rescinded, and one may
-apply best typesetting efforts to making it appear at least slightly
-``respectable'' (typographically).
-
-The \acro{TS}1-encoded \acro{TC} fonts provided as part of the \acro{EC} font
-distribution provide Euro glyphs.  The fonts are called Text Companion
-(\acro{TC}) fonts, and offer the same range
-of faces as do the \acro{EC} fonts themselves.  The
-\Package{textcomp} package provides a \csx{texteuro} command for
-accessing the symbol, which selects a symbol to match the surrounding
-text.  The design of the symbol in the \acro{TC} fonts is not
-universally loved\dots{}
-Nevertheless, use the \acro{TC} font version of the symbol if you are
-producing documents using Knuth's Computer Modern Fonts.
-
-The each of the \Package{latin9} and \Package{latin10} input encoding
-definitions for the \Package{inputenc} package has a euro character
-defined (character position 164, occupied in other \acro{ISO} Latin
-character sets by the ``currency symbol'' \textcurrency {}, which
-ordinary people seldom see except in character-set listings\dots{}).
-The \acro{TC} encoding file offers the command \csx{texteuro} for the
-character; that command is (probably) \emph{only} available from the
-\Package{textcomp} package.
-
-Use of the \acro{TC} encoding character may therefore made via
-\csx{texteuro} or via the Latin-9 or Latin-10 character in ordinary
-text.
-
-Note that there is a Microsoft code page position (128), too, and that has
-been added to \Package{inputenc} tables for \acro{CP}1252 and
-\acro{CP}1257.  (There's another position in \acro{CP}858, which has
-it in place of ``dotless i'' in \acro{CP850}; the standardisation of
-these things remains within Microsoft, so one can never tell what will
-come next\dots{})
-
-Outline fonts which contain nothing but Euro symbols are available
-(free) from
-\href{ftp://ftp.adobe.com/pub/adobe/type/win/all/eurofont.exe}{Adobe}\nobreakspace---
-the file is packaged as a \ProgName{Windows} self-extracting
-executable, but it may be decoded as a \extension{zip} format archive
-on other operating systems.
-The \Package{euro} bundle contains metrics, \ProgName{dvips} map
-files, and macros (for \plaintex{} and \LaTeX{}), for using these
-fonts in documents.  \LaTeX{} users will find two packages in the
-bundle: \Package{eurosans} only offers the sans-serif version (to
-conform with the obsolete ruling about sans-serif-only symbols; the
-package provides the
-command \csx{euro}), whereas \Package{europs} matches the Euro symbol
-with the surrounding text (providing the command \csx{EUR}).  To use
-either package
-with the \Package{latin9} encoding, you need to define \csx{texteuro}
-as an alias for the euro command the package defines.
-
-The Adobe fonts are probably the best bet for use in non-Computer
-Modern environments.  They are apparently designed to fit with Adobe
-Times, Helvetica and Courier, but can probably fit with a wider range
-of modern fonts.
-
-The \Package{eurofont} package provides a compendious analysis of the
-``problem of the euro symbol'' in its documentation, and offers macros
-for configuring the source of the glyphs to be used; however, it seems
-rather large for everyday use.
-
-The \Package{euro-ce} bundle is a rather pleasing \MF{}-only design
-providing Euro symbols in a number of shapes.  The file
-\File{euro-ce.tex}, in the distribution, offers hints as to how a
-\plaintex{} user might make use of the fonts.
-
-Euro symbols are found in several other places, which we list here for
-completeness.
-
-The \Package{marvosym} font contains a Euro symbol (in a number of
-typographic styles), among many other good things; the font is
-available in both Adobe Type 1 and TrueType formats.
-
-Other \MF{}-based bundles containing Euro symbols are to be found in
-\Package{china2e} (whose primary aim is Chinese dates and suchlike
-matters) and the \Package{eurosym} fonts.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[china2e bundle]\CTANref{china2e}
-\item[EC fonts]\CTANref{ec}
-\item[euro fonts]\CTANref{euro-fonts}
-\item[euro-ce fonts]\CTANref{euro-ce}
-\item[eurofont.sty]\CTANref{eurofont}
-\item[eurosym fonts]\CTANref{eurosym}
-\item[marvosym fonts]\CTANref{marvosym-fonts}
-\item[textcomp.sty]Part of the \LaTeX{} distribution.
-\end{ctanrefs}
-\LastEdit{2011-11-21}
-
-\Question[Q-tradesyms]{How to get copyright, trademark, etc.}
-
-The ``\nothtml{Comprehensive symbol list'' (}% beware line break
-\Qref{Comprehensive symbol list}{Q-symbols}\latexhtml{)}{''}, lists
-the symbol commands \csx{textcopyright},
-\csx{textregistered} and \csx{texttrademark}, which are available in
-\acro{TS}1-encoded fonts, and which are enabled using the
-\Package{textcomp} package.
-
-In fact, all three commands are enabled in default \LaTeX{}, but the
-glyphs you get aren't terribly beautiful.  In particular,
-\csx{textregistered} behaves oddly when included in bold text (for
-example, in a section heading), since it is composed of a small-caps
-letter, which typically degrades to a regular shape letter when asked
-to set in a bold font.  This means that the glyph becomes a circled
-``r'', whereas the proper symbol is a circled ``R''.
-
-This effect is of course avoided by use of \Package{textcomp}.
-
-Another problem arises if you want \csx{textregistered} in a
-superscript position (to look similar to \csx{texttrademark}).
-Using a maths-mode superscript to do this provokes lots of pointless
-errors: you \emph{must} use
-\begin{quote}
-\begin{verbatim}
-\textsuperscript{\textregistered}
-\end{verbatim}
-\end{quote}
-
-\Question[Q-osf]{Using ``old-style'' figures}
-
-These numbers are also called medieval or lowercase figures and their
-use is mostly font-specific.  Terminology is confusing since the
-lining figures (which are now the default) are a relatively recent
-development (19th century) and before they arrived, oldstyle figures
-were the norm, even when setting mathematics.  (An example is Thomas
-Harriot's \emph{Artis Analyticae Praxis} published in 1631).  In a
-typical old style 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9 have descenders and 6 and 8 ascend
-above the x-height; sometimes 2 will also ascend (this last seems to
-be a variation associated with French typography).
-
-\LaTeX{} provides a command \cmdinvoke*{oldstylenums}{digits}, which
-by default uses an old-style set embedded in Knuth's `math italic'
-font.  The command isn't sensitive to the font style of surrounding
-text: the glyphs are only available to match the normal medium weight
-Computer Modern Roman fonts.
-
-The \Package{textcomp} package changes \csx{oldstylenums} to use the
-glyphs in the Text Companion fonts (\LaTeX{} \acro{TS}1 encoding) when
-in text mode, and also makes them available using the macros of the
-form \csx{text<number>oldstyle}, e.g., \csx{textzerooldstyle}.
-(Of course, not all font families can provide this facility.)
-
-Some font packages (e.g., \Package{mathpazo}) make old-style figures
-available and provide explicit support for making them the default:
-\cmdinvoke{usepackage}[osf]{mathpazo} selects a form where digits are
-always old-style in text.  The \Package{fontinst} package will
-automatically generate ``old-style versions'' of commercial Adobe Type
-1 font families for which ``expert'' sets are available.
-
-It's also possible to make virtual fonts, that offer old-style digits,
-from existing font packages.  The \FontName{cmolddig} bundle provides
-a such a virtual version of Knuth's originals, and the \FontName{eco}
-or \FontName{hfoldsty} bundles both provide versions of the \acro{EC}
-fonts.  The \FontName{lm} family offers old-style figures to OpenType
-users (see below), but we have no stable mapping for \FontName{lm}
-with old-style digits from the Adobe Type 1 versions of the fonts.
-
-Originally, oldstyle figures were only to be found the expert sets of
-commercial fonts, but now they are increasingly widely available.  An
-example is Matthew Carter's Georgia font, which has old-style figures
-as its normal form (the font was created for inclusion with certain
-Microsoft products and is intended for on-screen viewing).
-
-OpenType fonts have a pair of axes for number variations~---
-proportional/tabular and lining/oldstyle selections are commonly
-available.  ``Full feature access'' to OpenType fonts, making such
-options available to the \AllTeX{} user, is already supported by
-\Qref*{\xetex{}}{Q-xetex} using, for example, the \Package{fontspec}
-package.  Similar support is also in the works for
-\Qref*{\LuaTeX{}}{Q-luatex}.
-\begin{ctanrefs}
-\item[cmolddig \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{cmolddig}
-\item[eco \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{eco}
-\item[fontinst]\CTANref{fontinst}
-\item[fontspec.sty]\CTANref{fontspec}
-\item[mathpazo \nothtml{\rmfamily}fonts]\CTANref{mathpazo}
-\end{ctanrefs}
-