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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2011-01-27 17:49:55 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2011-01-27 17:49:55 +0000
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parent9ac1e4f21452c36163d25579ad52cbf56eefb517 (diff)
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-
-% TUGboat, Vol 17, No1, March 1996
-
-% two-coloumn style
-%% incorporates editing changes by bb; 6 jan 1996
-
-\input tugboat.sty
-
-\input llig
-\input ste
-
-\def\q{\quad}
-\long\def\okkvir#1#2#3{%
-\hbox{\vrule\vbox{\hrule\vskip#1pt\hbox{\hskip#1pt\vbox{%
-\hsize#2cm\parindent=0pt #3%
-}\hskip#1pt}\vskip#1pt\hrule}\vrule}%
-}
-
-
-\font\ugv=ugve
-
-\def\d@anger#1{\medbreak\begingroup\clubpenalty=10000
-\def\par{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}%
-\setbox0=\hbox{\ugv #1\kern2mm}%
-\hangindent=\wd0
-\def\slov@{\smash{\lower\baselineskip\hbox{\copy0}}}
-\noindent\hangafter=-2%
-\hbox to0pt{\hskip-\hangindent
-\slov@\hfill}}
-
-\outer\def\slovo{\d@anger}
-\def\enddanger{\endgraf\endgroup}
-
-
-\font\stechak=stechak
-
-
-\title * Croatian Fonts *
-
-\author * Darko \v Zubrini\'c *
-%\address * University of Zagreb \\ FER, Avenija Vukovar 39, Zagreb \\ Croatia *
-\address * University of Zagreb \\ FER, Avenija Vukovar 39 \\ Zagreb, Croatia *
-\netaddress [\network{Internet}] * darko.zubrinic@fer.hr *
-
-\article
-
-
-
-The aim of this note is to inform the interested reader
-about the possibility of obtaining several new fonts: Croatian
-Glagolitic (round -- sometimes called Bulgarian glagolitic,
-angular, Ba\v ska tablet, cursive,
-%% bb -- re the "ba\v{s}ka plate", please see below
-%ligatures, the Baromi\'c broken ligatures, caligraphic),
-ligatures, the Baromi\'c broken ligatures, calligraphic),
-Croatian Cyrillic, ste\'cak ornaments and Croatian wattle patterns.
-They represent a considerable extension of the first version
-of glagolitic fonts I created in 1992 (see [2]).
-
-Having in mind that Croatian Glagolitic Script has a long history of
-at least 11 centuries (from 9th to 20th), it is not
-surprising that there exists a large
-%variety of its handwritten and printed versions. The author has
-%created several major types of this Script.
-variety of handwritten and printed versions. The author has
-created several major fonts of type using this Script.
-\medskip
-
-%\noindent$\bullet$ The so called ``round type'', together
-\noindent$\bullet$ The so-called ``round type'', together
-with the corresponding numerical values, is the following:
-
-\input ttablo
-
-\noindent In some documents there appear additional
-%versions of letters,
-versions of some letters,
-%like e.g.\ the ``spider-like h'' {\obl\char'076}. It is interesting
-e.g.\ the ``spider-like h'' {\obl\char'076}. The
-tops of letters appearing in this font are aligned. The
-``hanging style'' the round galgolitic can be illustrated
-e.g.\ by
-{\obl b3yzzetva}, {\obl svoem}, as it appears on the Kiiv folia
-(the first folio
-is from Croatia, written in region of Dubrovnik, 11th century;
- the remaining six are from Czechia, 10th century).
-
-\medskip
-
-%% bb -- to me, ``plate'' often implies a flat dish meant for serving
-%% food -- these are sometimes ceremonial, and that's why i first
-%% misunderstood this sentence; i know that is not what is meant here.
-%% perhaps ``tablet'' or ``plaque'' is close enough in meaning,
-%% and would not be as confusing.
-\noindent$\bullet$ The font of the Ba\v ska stone tablet
-(carved in nd A.D.\
-1100 on the island of Krk):
-
-\input ttablb
-
-
-The Ba\v ska tablet is one of our most important cultural
-monuments ($2\times 1$ m${}^2$). The reason is that it was
-written in the Croatian
-%language (with the elements of the Church Slavonic) as early as
-language (with elements of Church Slavonic) as early as
-in the 11th century. Its text comprises more than $400$
-letters and contains the earliest
-mention of a Croatian king written in the Croatian
-vernacular: Z''v''nimir'', kral'' hr''vat''sk''\"{\i}
-(Hrvatska $=$ Croatia), i.e.\
-{\it Zvonimir, the Croatian king\/}, or in the
-Glagolitic:
-\setbox0=\hbox{\bassv kral3 \ hr3vxt3sk3y}
-$$
-\okkvir36{\hbox to \wd0{\hss\bassv z3v3nimir3\hss}
-\vskip2mm
-\hbox{\bassv kral3 \ hr3vxt3sk3y}}
-$$
-There are also earlier monuments from the 9th century that
-mention Croatian kings and dukes, but written in the Latin
-Script and in the Latin
-language.
-
-%The reader will notice that several Latin and(or) Cyrillic
-The reader will notice that several Latin and/or Cyrillic
-letters appear on the table: {\bass O, I, M, N, T, V} ($=$
-%V). This
-V)\null. This
-is only one among numerous proofs of the parallel use of three
-%Scripts (Glagolitic, Latin, Cyrillic) and three languages
-scripts (Glagolitic, Latin, Cyrillic) and three languages
-(Croatian, Church Slavonic and Latin) in Croatia. The
-%three-scriptural and three-language character of the
-three-script and three-language character of the
-Croatian Middle Ages is a unique phenomenon in the history of
-European culture (see [1]).
-
-\medskip
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ Since the 12th century the Glagolitic
-%Script survived only on the Croatian soil. Until that time
-Script has survived only in Croatia. Until that time
-%it existed also in some other regions, like in Bulgaria,
-it existed also in some other regions, e.g.\ Bulgaria,
-Macedonia, Roumania, Ukraine, when it was replaced by
-%theillic Script. In Croatia there developped the so
-%called {\it angular form\/} of the Glagolitic.
-the Cyrillic Script, and also in Czechia. In Croatia there developed the so-called
-{\it angular form\/} of the Glagolitic.
-
-\input ttabl
-
-\noindent Its golden period
-falls between the 12th and the 16th century:
-After that a
-%decline of this Script ensued, as a result of
-decline of this script ensued, as a result of
-the penetration of the Ottoman Empire.
-\medskip
-
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ The Croatian Glagolitic has hundreds of interesting
-ligatures.
- Let us present some of them:
-
-\input ttlis
-
-
-\noindent It is
-striking that a {\it printed\/} Glagolitic book, the Brozi\'c breviary from 1561
-(1081 pages), has as many as $250$ ligatures.
-
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ A unique
-creation in the history of European printing are the so called
-{\it Baromi\'c broken ligatures\/}. The idea was to add one half of
-a letter (say {\lom A} of {\mgl A}) to another (say {\mgl
-B}), to obtain a broken ligature (\hbox{{\mgl B}{\lom A}} -- ba). Other
-combinations are also possible with
-{\lom D} ({\mgl D}, D),
-{\lom ZZ} ({\mgl ZZ}, \v Z),
-%{\lom L} ({\mgl L}, T),
-{\lom L} ({\mgl L}, L),
-{\lom V} ({\mgl V}, V),
-{\lom T} ({\mgl T}, T).
-Broken ligatures were used in the Baromi\'c Missal, the
-incunabula printed in the Croatian city of Senj in 1494
-(last year we celebrated its $500$th
-anniversary). Only three samples are preserved: one in
-the Saltyko S\v cedrin Library in St.Petersburg (Russia),
-one and the only complete copy in
-the Szeczenyi Library in Budapest (Hungary), and one
-in Croatia on the island of Cres. When looking at the text
-containing Baromi\'c broken ligatures, one has the impression as if this
-incunabula was handwritten. Few examples: \hbox{{\mgl B}{\lom
-A}{\mgl ROMICH}} (Baromi\'c), \hbox{{\mgl D}{\lom AZZD6}} (rain), \hbox{\mgl
-MO{\lom L}{\mgl I}{\lom TVA}} (prayer).
-
-
-%Hundreds of Croatian Glagolitic monuments, both handwritten and
-Hundreds of Croatian Glagolitic texts, both handwritten and
-printed, the oldest from the 12th century,
- are held in national museums in more than $20$ European
-countries, and also in the USA.\footnote{I would like to
-take the opportunity to send an appeal to those readers who maybe
-know of any of the Croatian Glagolitic documents
-held in private possession to inform me.}
-
-% The reader living in New York can see the beuatiful
- The reader living in New York can see the beautiful
-Croatian Missal from around 1410 in the Pierpont Morgan
-Library (reprinted by the Martin Sagner Verlag, Munich, 1976). In
-%the Congress Library in Washington you can see a sample of
-the Library of Congress in Washington you can see a sample of
-the first Croatian incunabula, printed in 1483
-(unfortunately, it is not known where precisely).
-Six copies are in Croatia, two in the Vatican Library, one
-in the National Library in Vienna (Austria) and one in the
-Saltykov \v S\v cedrin
-Library in St.Petersburg (Russia). It was the first book in
-the history of European printing that was not printed in the
-Latin characters, as well as the first incunabula not printed in the
-Latin language.
-
-Probably the most valuable
-Croatian Glagolitic book is the Missal of Hrvoje (1404), held in
-the Library of Turkish sultans (Topkapi Saray) in Constantinople.
-
-
-
- It is interesting that a Croat George (Juraj) de Slavonie, or de
-Sorbonne (14/15th century),
-a professor at Sorbonne in
-Paris,
-left us several valuable Glagolitic manuscripts
-written by his hand, held today in
-Municipal Library in Reims (France). One of them contains a prayer
-``Our Father'', on which we would like to illustrate the Croatian
-Glagolitic:
-
-
-\slovo{O}{\mgl cce nass6 izze esi nanebesih6 * sveti se ime
-\tvo e * {\gg\char'005}idi cesars\tv o \tv oe * budi vola \tv oya yako
-nanebesi inaze\ml i * \lower1.33pt\hbox{H}lib nass vsedanni dai
-nam'ga danas i \ot pusti nam' dl'gi nasse *
-\lower1.33pt\hbox{Ya}kozze i mi \ot pusschaem' dl'ge dlzznikom
-nassim6 * i nevavedi nas' v' napast' * \lower1.33pt\hbox{N}a
-iz'bavinas' od ne{\gg\char'005}iyazni} % \char'005=pr
-
-\medskip
-
-%\noindent$\bullet$ In the 16th and 17th century there began
-%to appear some caligraphic Glagolitic letters in Crotian
-\noindent$\bullet$ In the 16th and 17th century
-some calligraphic Glagolitic letters began to appear in Croatian
-printed books:
-$$
-\gather
-\text{
-{\kal A} (A),
-{\kal V} (V),
-{\kal D} (D),
-{\kal Z} (Z),
-{\kal I} (I),}\\
-\text{
-{\kal K} (K),
-{\kal L} (L),
-{\kal M} (M),
-{\kal N} (N),
-{\kal P} (P),}\\
-\text{
-{\kal R} (R),
-{\kal S} (S),
-{\kal H} (H),
-{\kal CC} (\v C).}
-\endgather
-$$
-\medskip
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ There are thousands of
-{\it cursive\/} Glagolitic
-documents, witnessing above all about the Croatian language
-and its very early use in official documents, and about
- highly organized civil life
- in the Middle Ages. Probably the
-%most important is the {\it Vinodole Code\/} from 1288. This
-most important is the {\it Vinodol Code\/} from 1288.
-%% bb -- this is the spelling used above
- Very important
-is the {\it Istarski razvod\/} from
-the 14th century, written in the region of Istria in three
-official copies:
-in the Latin and German languages (in Latin Script), and in
-the
-Croatian language (as was expressly stated), using the
-Glagolitic Script. It defined the borders between different
-rulers in Istria.
-Equally important are the city
-statutes of many Croatian cities written in the Glagolitic, the earliest dating from
-the 14th century. Here is
-a variant of the cursive Croatian Glagolitic
- (we provide also the angular type for comparison):
-
-\input ttablokurz
-
-\noindent An example: {\kur Darko Zzubrinich}.
-
-\medskip
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ Croatian Cyrillic (also called Bosan\v
-cica or Bosanica)
- was quite widespread
-%in Bosnia and in the Dalmatian part of Croatia. Its developement
-among the Croats in Bosnia and in the Dalmatian part of Croatia.
-Its development
-can be traced from the 12th to 19th century.
-Here it is:
-
-\input ttablhc
-
-
-%\noindent Probably the most beutiful Croatian Cyrillic book
-\noindent Probably the most beautiful Croatian Cyrillic book
-is the Missal of Hval written in 1400-1404, now held in the University
-Library in Bologna (Italy), reprinted in Sarajevo in 1986.
-\medskip
-
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ There
-%exist more that $66,000$ mysterious tombstone monuments, mostly in
-exist more than $66,000$ mysterious tombstone monuments, mostly in
-%Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, called {\it ste\'cak\/},
-Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, called {\it ste\'cak\/}
- (13-14th century),
-some of them having short engravings in the
-Croatian Cyrillic Script (e.g.\ ``please do not
-disturb me, I was like you and
-you will be like me''), with interesting and simple border
-%decorations, like:
-decorations, like these:
-\medskip
-\cvijet
-\smallskip
-\kukagd
-\smallskip
-\dvije8
-\smallskip
-\Oo
-
-\medskip
-\noindent dancers:
-$$
-\text{\stechak lkkkkkd}
-$$
-human-like figures:
-$$
-\text{\stechak L\q L\q L}
-$$
-birds:
-$$
-\text{\stechak p q}
-$$
-star-like ornaments:
-$$
-\gather
-\text{\stechak 4\q Z}\\
-\text{\stechak a\q b\q 5}\\
-\text{\stechak i\q j\q e\q f}
-\endgather
-$$
-a circle (or a wheel), a symbol of eternal life:
-$$
-\text{\stechak g\q h\q K}
-$$
-swastika:
-$$
-\text{\stechak s}
-$$
-various crosses:
-$$
-\text{\stechak
-A\q B\q C\q D\q T}
-$$
-The following ornament is frequent:
-$$
-\text{\stechak R P a}\hbox to0pt{\,.\hss}
-$$
-%\noindent These monuments belong to Krstyans, memebers of the Bosnian
-\noindent These monuments belong to Krstyans, members of the Bosnian
-Church, a Christian religious sect about which we still know very
-little.
-
-
-\noindent$\bullet$ Let me finish this article with some of
-the most typical Croatian wattle patterns appearing in
- our preromanesque churches, built between the 9th and 12th
- century. From
- about $300$ preromanesque Croatian
- churches only $15$ are well preserved. The most widespread
- wattle pattern is
-$$
-\text{\pleter 1eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee2}
-$$
-\noindent Of course, it is composed of {\pleter 1 e e 2}.
-Somewhat more complex
-patterns are:
-%\centerline{\plet ommp}
-$$
-\gather
-\text{\ple a}\\
-\vbox to1mm{}\\
-\text{\plet srrt}
-\endgather
-$$
-
-%\noindent Additional informations about the Croatian Glagolitic can be
-\noindent Additional information about Croatian Glagolitic can be
-seen at the URL:
-$$
-\text{\tt http://www.tel.fer.hr/hrvatska/Croatia-HCS.html}
-$$
-%(see ``Croatia -- its History, Culture and Science'').
-All the fonts appearing in this article will be available
- freely via the WWW on the CTAN web.
-%see {\tt croatian}).
-All ligatures and fonts are defined in the file {\tt llig.tex} of the
-package.
- The angular glagolitic font is activated by
-{\tt$\backslash$mgl} (a slightly larger version can be obtained using
-{\tt$\backslash$ngl}).
-If one wants to use glagolitic
-ligatures, the definition list in {\tt llig.tex} should be
-consulted. For example, to obtain {\mgl\ml} (ml) one has to write
-{\tt$\backslash$mgl$\backslash$ml}. Other fonts are
-activated in a similar way (they contain no glagolitic
-ligatures): {\tt$\backslash$obl} (round glagolitic,
-{\tt$\backslash$nobl} is a bit larger),
-{\tt$\backslash$bass} (Baska tablet),
-{\tt$\backslash$kur} (cursive),
-{\tt$\backslash$kal} (caligraphic),
-{\tt$\backslash$lom} (Baromich broken ligatures)
-{\tt$\backslash$hc} (Croatian Cyrillic),
-and several wattle
-patterns are activated by
-{\tt$\backslash$ple},
-{\tt$\backslash$plet},
-{\tt$\backslash$pleter}.
-In general, glagolitic letters corresponding to {\it \v c, \v z,
-\v s, \'c (\v s\'c, \v st)} are encoded in \TeX\ ligtables as {\tt cc,
-zz, ss, ch} respectively. More precisely, \hbox{{\mgl cc}} is
-obtained from {\tt$\backslash$mgl cc}.
-Capital letters are obtained by using CC (or Cc) etc.
-Using {\tt cx} you can obtain yet another version of the
-angular \v c: \hbox{{\mgl cx}}.
-The so-called `djerv' is obtained by typing {\tt j} (or {\tt
-J}) in the
-round glagolitic. In the angular form the following two version of the
-`djerv' can be obtained:
- {\mgl j} ({\tt j}) and \hbox{{\mgl dd}} ({\tt dd}).
- `Yat' -- \hbox{\mobl ya}, \hbox{\mgl ya} -- appearing in round and angular
- glagolitic can be obtained using {\tt ya} (or {\tt YA,
- Ya}).
- Moreover, if `yat' is to be read as `ye' (which is the
- case when it
- appears after a consonant), then you can use {\tt ye} as
- well.
- The letter `yu' {\mgl yu} is obtained by typing {\tt yu},
- `izze' ({\obl y}, {\mgl y}) by typing {\tt y}.
- The same for the Croatian cyrillic. Two versions of
- very frequently used {\it Croatian semivowels\/} can be obtained:
- either by typing apostrophe {\tt '} (`yerok'; for example
- in {\mgl bog'} - God) or
- {\tt6} (`yer'; {\mgl bog6}). Definitions of semivowels
- `yer' and `yor' and other letters (like
-{\mobl\char'003, \char'005}) appearing in some oldest Croatian and Bulgarian --
- Macedonian documents written in the round glagolitic
- can be seen in metafont files {\tt oblm.mf} and {\tt
- oblv.mf}, that are inputted in {\tt obl.mf} - a round glagolitic
- metafont file.
-
-As you see, an appropriate
-hypenation table is necessary to prevent line breaking
-between pairs of letters like {\tt cc, zz, ss, ch, dd,
-ya, ye,} and it has been
-included to the Croatian font package too ({\tt
-glhypehn.tex}). The table also
-incorporates some basic
-hypenation rules of the Croatian language.
-Definition
-names of many other symbols appearing in various fonts can be seen
-by looking into source files accompaning this text.
-
-%In the case you use Croatian fonts, I would deeply appreciate
-%to inform me.
- If you should use Croatian fonts, I would deeply appreciate
-if you would inform me.
-
-
-
-\medskip
-
-\noindent{\bf References}
-
-
-\item{[1]} Eduard Hercigonja: {\it Tropismena i trojezi\v cna
-kultura hrvatskoga srednjovjekovlja\/} (Three-script and
-three-language culture of the Croatian Middle Ages), Matica
-hrvatska, Zagreb, 1994 (in Croatian),
-
-\item{[2]} Darko \v Zubrini\'c: {\it The exotic Croatian
-Glagolitic Alphabet\/}, TUGboat, Vol 13, No 4, 1992, p.\
-470--471.
-
-
-\makesignature
-\endarticle
-
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b6abb5930f..00000000000
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-
-C R O A T I A N F O N T S
-
-The basic file is crogl.tex, containing my article ``Croatian
-fonts'', accompanied by several files with tables.
-There you can see how to use these fonts.
-
-The definitions of fonts and ligatures are contained in
-llig.tex, which should always be inputed in a tex file.
-In the case you use Croatian fonts for your own books
-or articles, I would appreciate a mention.
-
-The following files should be metafonted:
-
-====================================================
-
-ANGULAR GLAGOLITIC
-
-ugl10 (angular glagolitic, 10pt) activated by \mgl
-ugl (12pt) activated by \ngl
-ugve (large)
-
-ANGULAR GLAGOLITIC LIGATURES (about 60)
-
-gg10 (10pt)
-gg (12pt)
-ggv (large)
-ggv1 (large)
-
- These ligatures are activated also by \ugl or \ngl.
- See the definition list of various ligatures in
- llig.tex (for example, to get the `ml' glagolitic
- ligature, you should write {\mgl\ml}).
-
-ROUND GLAGOLITIC
-
-obl10 (10pt) activated by \mobl
-obl (12pt) activated by \obl
-
-BASKA TABLET STYLE
-
-bass10 (10pt) activated by \bass
-bass (12pt) activated by \bassv
-
-BAROMICH BROKEN LIGATURES
-
-lom (10pt) activated by \lom
-
-CURSIVE CROATIAN GLAGOLITIC
-
-kur (10pt) activated by \kur
-
-SEVERAL CALYGRAPHIC LETTERS
-
-cal (12pt) activated by \kal
-
-CROATIAN CYRILLIC (bosancica)
-
-hcyr (10pt) activated by \hc
-
-CROATIAN WATTLE PATERNS
-
-pleter activated by \pleter
-plet activated by \plet
-ple activated by \ple
-
-
- A standard way to use \pleter is to write
- {\pleter 1eeeeeee2}. In this way you can obtain a very nice
- headline composed of the Croatian wattle. You can also
- compose vertical patterns.
-
- To use \plet you write {\plet srrrt} to obtain a rather
- complex wattle.
-
- The ple.mf contains only one symbol ``a'' (a rather complex
- circular wattle pattern): {\ple a}
-
-STECHAK ORNAMENTS
-
-stechak
-
- For example, see what happens when you write
- {\stechak NNNNNNNN}
-
-====================================================
-
-
-Additional informations can be obtained at the end of my
-article glcro.tex, accepted for publication in TUG (March
-1996).
-
-Finally, I would be free to inform you that I prepared a
-book ``Hrvatska glagoljica'', devoted to the history of
-the glagolitic script (``Croatian glagolitic'', written
-in Croatian), 414 p. (A5 format). It is planned to be
-published in March 1996.
-
-Best wishes,
-
-Darko Zubrinic,
-Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing
-Av. Vukovar 39, Zagreb, Croatia
-
-e-mail: darko.zubrinic@fer.hr
-http://www.tel.fer.hr/hrvatska/Croatia-HCS.html
-