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author | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2011-01-27 17:49:55 +0000 |
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committer | Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org> | 2011-01-27 17:49:55 +0000 |
commit | 43a74c7594c1ac6be0685cc2339594b63536bd3b (patch) | |
tree | b495815781d069a146635c38f1f2e397bb71065e /Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts | |
parent | 9ac1e4f21452c36163d25579ad52cbf56eefb517 (diff) |
rm croatian, nomodify
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@21190 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
Diffstat (limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts')
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/crogl.tex | 518 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt | 107 |
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diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/crogl.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/crogl.tex deleted file mode 100644 index c1644a2e779..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/crogl.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,518 +0,0 @@ - -% TUGboat, Vol 17, No1, March 1996 - -% two-coloumn style -%% incorporates editing changes by bb; 6 jan 1996 - -\input tugboat.sty - -\input llig -\input ste - -\def\q{\quad} -\long\def\okkvir#1#2#3{% -\hbox{\vrule\vbox{\hrule\vskip#1pt\hbox{\hskip#1pt\vbox{% -\hsize#2cm\parindent=0pt #3% -}\hskip#1pt}\vskip#1pt\hrule}\vrule}% -} - - -\font\ugv=ugve - -\def\d@anger#1{\medbreak\begingroup\clubpenalty=10000 -\def\par{\endgraf\endgroup\medbreak}% -\setbox0=\hbox{\ugv #1\kern2mm}% -\hangindent=\wd0 -\def\slov@{\smash{\lower\baselineskip\hbox{\copy0}}} -\noindent\hangafter=-2% -\hbox to0pt{\hskip-\hangindent -\slov@\hfill}} - -\outer\def\slovo{\d@anger} -\def\enddanger{\endgraf\endgroup} - - -\font\stechak=stechak - - -\title * Croatian Fonts * - -\author * Darko \v Zubrini\'c * -%\address * University of Zagreb \\ FER, Avenija Vukovar 39, Zagreb \\ Croatia * -\address * University of Zagreb \\ FER, Avenija Vukovar 39 \\ Zagreb, Croatia * -\netaddress [\network{Internet}] * darko.zubrinic@fer.hr * - -\article - - - -The aim of this note is to inform the interested reader -about the possibility of obtaining several new fonts: Croatian -Glagolitic (round -- sometimes called Bulgarian glagolitic, -angular, Ba\v ska tablet, cursive, -%% bb -- re the "ba\v{s}ka plate", please see below -%ligatures, the Baromi\'c broken ligatures, caligraphic), -ligatures, the Baromi\'c broken ligatures, calligraphic), -Croatian Cyrillic, ste\'cak ornaments and Croatian wattle patterns. -They represent a considerable extension of the first version -of glagolitic fonts I created in 1992 (see [2]). - -Having in mind that Croatian Glagolitic Script has a long history of -at least 11 centuries (from 9th to 20th), it is not -surprising that there exists a large -%variety of its handwritten and printed versions. The author has -%created several major types of this Script. -variety of handwritten and printed versions. The author has -created several major fonts of type using this Script. -\medskip - -%\noindent$\bullet$ The so called ``round type'', together -\noindent$\bullet$ The so-called ``round type'', together -with the corresponding numerical values, is the following: - -\input ttablo - -\noindent In some documents there appear additional -%versions of letters, -versions of some letters, -%like e.g.\ the ``spider-like h'' {\obl\char'076}. It is interesting -e.g.\ the ``spider-like h'' {\obl\char'076}. The -tops of letters appearing in this font are aligned. The -``hanging style'' the round galgolitic can be illustrated -e.g.\ by -{\obl b3yzzetva}, {\obl svoem}, as it appears on the Kiiv folia -(the first folio -is from Croatia, written in region of Dubrovnik, 11th century; - the remaining six are from Czechia, 10th century). - -\medskip - -%% bb -- to me, ``plate'' often implies a flat dish meant for serving -%% food -- these are sometimes ceremonial, and that's why i first -%% misunderstood this sentence; i know that is not what is meant here. -%% perhaps ``tablet'' or ``plaque'' is close enough in meaning, -%% and would not be as confusing. -\noindent$\bullet$ The font of the Ba\v ska stone tablet -(carved in nd A.D.\ -1100 on the island of Krk): - -\input ttablb - - -The Ba\v ska tablet is one of our most important cultural -monuments ($2\times 1$ m${}^2$). The reason is that it was -written in the Croatian -%language (with the elements of the Church Slavonic) as early as -language (with elements of Church Slavonic) as early as -in the 11th century. Its text comprises more than $400$ -letters and contains the earliest -mention of a Croatian king written in the Croatian -vernacular: Z''v''nimir'', kral'' hr''vat''sk''\"{\i} -(Hrvatska $=$ Croatia), i.e.\ -{\it Zvonimir, the Croatian king\/}, or in the -Glagolitic: -\setbox0=\hbox{\bassv kral3 \ hr3vxt3sk3y} -$$ -\okkvir36{\hbox to \wd0{\hss\bassv z3v3nimir3\hss} -\vskip2mm -\hbox{\bassv kral3 \ hr3vxt3sk3y}} -$$ -There are also earlier monuments from the 9th century that -mention Croatian kings and dukes, but written in the Latin -Script and in the Latin -language. - -%The reader will notice that several Latin and(or) Cyrillic -The reader will notice that several Latin and/or Cyrillic -letters appear on the table: {\bass O, I, M, N, T, V} ($=$ -%V). This -V)\null. This -is only one among numerous proofs of the parallel use of three -%Scripts (Glagolitic, Latin, Cyrillic) and three languages -scripts (Glagolitic, Latin, Cyrillic) and three languages -(Croatian, Church Slavonic and Latin) in Croatia. The -%three-scriptural and three-language character of the -three-script and three-language character of the -Croatian Middle Ages is a unique phenomenon in the history of -European culture (see [1]). - -\medskip - -\noindent$\bullet$ Since the 12th century the Glagolitic -%Script survived only on the Croatian soil. Until that time -Script has survived only in Croatia. Until that time -%it existed also in some other regions, like in Bulgaria, -it existed also in some other regions, e.g.\ Bulgaria, -Macedonia, Roumania, Ukraine, when it was replaced by -%theillic Script. In Croatia there developped the so -%called {\it angular form\/} of the Glagolitic. -the Cyrillic Script, and also in Czechia. In Croatia there developed the so-called -{\it angular form\/} of the Glagolitic. - -\input ttabl - -\noindent Its golden period -falls between the 12th and the 16th century: -After that a -%decline of this Script ensued, as a result of -decline of this script ensued, as a result of -the penetration of the Ottoman Empire. -\medskip - - -\noindent$\bullet$ The Croatian Glagolitic has hundreds of interesting -ligatures. - Let us present some of them: - -\input ttlis - - -\noindent It is -striking that a {\it printed\/} Glagolitic book, the Brozi\'c breviary from 1561 -(1081 pages), has as many as $250$ ligatures. - - -\noindent$\bullet$ A unique -creation in the history of European printing are the so called -{\it Baromi\'c broken ligatures\/}. The idea was to add one half of -a letter (say {\lom A} of {\mgl A}) to another (say {\mgl -B}), to obtain a broken ligature (\hbox{{\mgl B}{\lom A}} -- ba). Other -combinations are also possible with -{\lom D} ({\mgl D}, D), -{\lom ZZ} ({\mgl ZZ}, \v Z), -%{\lom L} ({\mgl L}, T), -{\lom L} ({\mgl L}, L), -{\lom V} ({\mgl V}, V), -{\lom T} ({\mgl T}, T). -Broken ligatures were used in the Baromi\'c Missal, the -incunabula printed in the Croatian city of Senj in 1494 -(last year we celebrated its $500$th -anniversary). Only three samples are preserved: one in -the Saltyko S\v cedrin Library in St.Petersburg (Russia), -one and the only complete copy in -the Szeczenyi Library in Budapest (Hungary), and one -in Croatia on the island of Cres. When looking at the text -containing Baromi\'c broken ligatures, one has the impression as if this -incunabula was handwritten. Few examples: \hbox{{\mgl B}{\lom -A}{\mgl ROMICH}} (Baromi\'c), \hbox{{\mgl D}{\lom AZZD6}} (rain), \hbox{\mgl -MO{\lom L}{\mgl I}{\lom TVA}} (prayer). - - -%Hundreds of Croatian Glagolitic monuments, both handwritten and -Hundreds of Croatian Glagolitic texts, both handwritten and -printed, the oldest from the 12th century, - are held in national museums in more than $20$ European -countries, and also in the USA.\footnote{I would like to -take the opportunity to send an appeal to those readers who maybe -know of any of the Croatian Glagolitic documents -held in private possession to inform me.} - -% The reader living in New York can see the beuatiful - The reader living in New York can see the beautiful -Croatian Missal from around 1410 in the Pierpont Morgan -Library (reprinted by the Martin Sagner Verlag, Munich, 1976). In -%the Congress Library in Washington you can see a sample of -the Library of Congress in Washington you can see a sample of -the first Croatian incunabula, printed in 1483 -(unfortunately, it is not known where precisely). -Six copies are in Croatia, two in the Vatican Library, one -in the National Library in Vienna (Austria) and one in the -Saltykov \v S\v cedrin -Library in St.Petersburg (Russia). It was the first book in -the history of European printing that was not printed in the -Latin characters, as well as the first incunabula not printed in the -Latin language. - -Probably the most valuable -Croatian Glagolitic book is the Missal of Hrvoje (1404), held in -the Library of Turkish sultans (Topkapi Saray) in Constantinople. - - - - It is interesting that a Croat George (Juraj) de Slavonie, or de -Sorbonne (14/15th century), -a professor at Sorbonne in -Paris, -left us several valuable Glagolitic manuscripts -written by his hand, held today in -Municipal Library in Reims (France). One of them contains a prayer -``Our Father'', on which we would like to illustrate the Croatian -Glagolitic: - - -\slovo{O}{\mgl cce nass6 izze esi nanebesih6 * sveti se ime -\tvo e * {\gg\char'005}idi cesars\tv o \tv oe * budi vola \tv oya yako -nanebesi inaze\ml i * \lower1.33pt\hbox{H}lib nass vsedanni dai -nam'ga danas i \ot pusti nam' dl'gi nasse * -\lower1.33pt\hbox{Ya}kozze i mi \ot pusschaem' dl'ge dlzznikom -nassim6 * i nevavedi nas' v' napast' * \lower1.33pt\hbox{N}a -iz'bavinas' od ne{\gg\char'005}iyazni} % \char'005=pr - -\medskip - -%\noindent$\bullet$ In the 16th and 17th century there began -%to appear some caligraphic Glagolitic letters in Crotian -\noindent$\bullet$ In the 16th and 17th century -some calligraphic Glagolitic letters began to appear in Croatian -printed books: -$$ -\gather -\text{ -{\kal A} (A), -{\kal V} (V), -{\kal D} (D), -{\kal Z} (Z), -{\kal I} (I),}\\ -\text{ -{\kal K} (K), -{\kal L} (L), -{\kal M} (M), -{\kal N} (N), -{\kal P} (P),}\\ -\text{ -{\kal R} (R), -{\kal S} (S), -{\kal H} (H), -{\kal CC} (\v C).} -\endgather -$$ -\medskip - -\noindent$\bullet$ There are thousands of -{\it cursive\/} Glagolitic -documents, witnessing above all about the Croatian language -and its very early use in official documents, and about - highly organized civil life - in the Middle Ages. Probably the -%most important is the {\it Vinodole Code\/} from 1288. This -most important is the {\it Vinodol Code\/} from 1288. -%% bb -- this is the spelling used above - Very important -is the {\it Istarski razvod\/} from -the 14th century, written in the region of Istria in three -official copies: -in the Latin and German languages (in Latin Script), and in -the -Croatian language (as was expressly stated), using the -Glagolitic Script. It defined the borders between different -rulers in Istria. -Equally important are the city -statutes of many Croatian cities written in the Glagolitic, the earliest dating from -the 14th century. Here is -a variant of the cursive Croatian Glagolitic - (we provide also the angular type for comparison): - -\input ttablokurz - -\noindent An example: {\kur Darko Zzubrinich}. - -\medskip - -\noindent$\bullet$ Croatian Cyrillic (also called Bosan\v -cica or Bosanica) - was quite widespread -%in Bosnia and in the Dalmatian part of Croatia. Its developement -among the Croats in Bosnia and in the Dalmatian part of Croatia. -Its development -can be traced from the 12th to 19th century. -Here it is: - -\input ttablhc - - -%\noindent Probably the most beutiful Croatian Cyrillic book -\noindent Probably the most beautiful Croatian Cyrillic book -is the Missal of Hval written in 1400-1404, now held in the University -Library in Bologna (Italy), reprinted in Sarajevo in 1986. -\medskip - - -\noindent$\bullet$ There -%exist more that $66,000$ mysterious tombstone monuments, mostly in -exist more than $66,000$ mysterious tombstone monuments, mostly in -%Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, called {\it ste\'cak\/}, -Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia, called {\it ste\'cak\/} - (13-14th century), -some of them having short engravings in the -Croatian Cyrillic Script (e.g.\ ``please do not -disturb me, I was like you and -you will be like me''), with interesting and simple border -%decorations, like: -decorations, like these: -\medskip -\cvijet -\smallskip -\kukagd -\smallskip -\dvije8 -\smallskip -\Oo - -\medskip -\noindent dancers: -$$ -\text{\stechak lkkkkkd} -$$ -human-like figures: -$$ -\text{\stechak L\q L\q L} -$$ -birds: -$$ -\text{\stechak p q} -$$ -star-like ornaments: -$$ -\gather -\text{\stechak 4\q Z}\\ -\text{\stechak a\q b\q 5}\\ -\text{\stechak i\q j\q e\q f} -\endgather -$$ -a circle (or a wheel), a symbol of eternal life: -$$ -\text{\stechak g\q h\q K} -$$ -swastika: -$$ -\text{\stechak s} -$$ -various crosses: -$$ -\text{\stechak -A\q B\q C\q D\q T} -$$ -The following ornament is frequent: -$$ -\text{\stechak R P a}\hbox to0pt{\,.\hss} -$$ -%\noindent These monuments belong to Krstyans, memebers of the Bosnian -\noindent These monuments belong to Krstyans, members of the Bosnian -Church, a Christian religious sect about which we still know very -little. - - -\noindent$\bullet$ Let me finish this article with some of -the most typical Croatian wattle patterns appearing in - our preromanesque churches, built between the 9th and 12th - century. From - about $300$ preromanesque Croatian - churches only $15$ are well preserved. The most widespread - wattle pattern is -$$ -\text{\pleter 1eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee2} -$$ -\noindent Of course, it is composed of {\pleter 1 e e 2}. -Somewhat more complex -patterns are: -%\centerline{\plet ommp} -$$ -\gather -\text{\ple a}\\ -\vbox to1mm{}\\ -\text{\plet srrt} -\endgather -$$ - -%\noindent Additional informations about the Croatian Glagolitic can be -\noindent Additional information about Croatian Glagolitic can be -seen at the URL: -$$ -\text{\tt http://www.tel.fer.hr/hrvatska/Croatia-HCS.html} -$$ -%(see ``Croatia -- its History, Culture and Science''). -All the fonts appearing in this article will be available - freely via the WWW on the CTAN web. -%see {\tt croatian}). -All ligatures and fonts are defined in the file {\tt llig.tex} of the -package. - The angular glagolitic font is activated by -{\tt$\backslash$mgl} (a slightly larger version can be obtained using -{\tt$\backslash$ngl}). -If one wants to use glagolitic -ligatures, the definition list in {\tt llig.tex} should be -consulted. For example, to obtain {\mgl\ml} (ml) one has to write -{\tt$\backslash$mgl$\backslash$ml}. Other fonts are -activated in a similar way (they contain no glagolitic -ligatures): {\tt$\backslash$obl} (round glagolitic, -{\tt$\backslash$nobl} is a bit larger), -{\tt$\backslash$bass} (Baska tablet), -{\tt$\backslash$kur} (cursive), -{\tt$\backslash$kal} (caligraphic), -{\tt$\backslash$lom} (Baromich broken ligatures) -{\tt$\backslash$hc} (Croatian Cyrillic), -and several wattle -patterns are activated by -{\tt$\backslash$ple}, -{\tt$\backslash$plet}, -{\tt$\backslash$pleter}. -In general, glagolitic letters corresponding to {\it \v c, \v z, -\v s, \'c (\v s\'c, \v st)} are encoded in \TeX\ ligtables as {\tt cc, -zz, ss, ch} respectively. More precisely, \hbox{{\mgl cc}} is -obtained from {\tt$\backslash$mgl cc}. -Capital letters are obtained by using CC (or Cc) etc. -Using {\tt cx} you can obtain yet another version of the -angular \v c: \hbox{{\mgl cx}}. -The so-called `djerv' is obtained by typing {\tt j} (or {\tt -J}) in the -round glagolitic. In the angular form the following two version of the -`djerv' can be obtained: - {\mgl j} ({\tt j}) and \hbox{{\mgl dd}} ({\tt dd}). - `Yat' -- \hbox{\mobl ya}, \hbox{\mgl ya} -- appearing in round and angular - glagolitic can be obtained using {\tt ya} (or {\tt YA, - Ya}). - Moreover, if `yat' is to be read as `ye' (which is the - case when it - appears after a consonant), then you can use {\tt ye} as - well. - The letter `yu' {\mgl yu} is obtained by typing {\tt yu}, - `izze' ({\obl y}, {\mgl y}) by typing {\tt y}. - The same for the Croatian cyrillic. Two versions of - very frequently used {\it Croatian semivowels\/} can be obtained: - either by typing apostrophe {\tt '} (`yerok'; for example - in {\mgl bog'} - God) or - {\tt6} (`yer'; {\mgl bog6}). Definitions of semivowels - `yer' and `yor' and other letters (like -{\mobl\char'003, \char'005}) appearing in some oldest Croatian and Bulgarian -- - Macedonian documents written in the round glagolitic - can be seen in metafont files {\tt oblm.mf} and {\tt - oblv.mf}, that are inputted in {\tt obl.mf} - a round glagolitic - metafont file. - -As you see, an appropriate -hypenation table is necessary to prevent line breaking -between pairs of letters like {\tt cc, zz, ss, ch, dd, -ya, ye,} and it has been -included to the Croatian font package too ({\tt -glhypehn.tex}). The table also -incorporates some basic -hypenation rules of the Croatian language. -Definition -names of many other symbols appearing in various fonts can be seen -by looking into source files accompaning this text. - -%In the case you use Croatian fonts, I would deeply appreciate -%to inform me. - If you should use Croatian fonts, I would deeply appreciate -if you would inform me. - - - -\medskip - -\noindent{\bf References} - - -\item{[1]} Eduard Hercigonja: {\it Tropismena i trojezi\v cna -kultura hrvatskoga srednjovjekovlja\/} (Three-script and -three-language culture of the Croatian Middle Ages), Matica -hrvatska, Zagreb, 1994 (in Croatian), - -\item{[2]} Darko \v Zubrini\'c: {\it The exotic Croatian -Glagolitic Alphabet\/}, TUGboat, Vol 13, No 4, 1992, p.\ -470--471. - - -\makesignature -\endarticle - diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 6b6abb5930f..00000000000 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/croatian/readme.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,107 +0,0 @@ - -C R O A T I A N F O N T S - -The basic file is crogl.tex, containing my article ``Croatian -fonts'', accompanied by several files with tables. -There you can see how to use these fonts. - -The definitions of fonts and ligatures are contained in -llig.tex, which should always be inputed in a tex file. -In the case you use Croatian fonts for your own books -or articles, I would appreciate a mention. - -The following files should be metafonted: - -==================================================== - -ANGULAR GLAGOLITIC - -ugl10 (angular glagolitic, 10pt) activated by \mgl -ugl (12pt) activated by \ngl -ugve (large) - -ANGULAR GLAGOLITIC LIGATURES (about 60) - -gg10 (10pt) -gg (12pt) -ggv (large) -ggv1 (large) - - These ligatures are activated also by \ugl or \ngl. - See the definition list of various ligatures in - llig.tex (for example, to get the `ml' glagolitic - ligature, you should write {\mgl\ml}). - -ROUND GLAGOLITIC - -obl10 (10pt) activated by \mobl -obl (12pt) activated by \obl - -BASKA TABLET STYLE - -bass10 (10pt) activated by \bass -bass (12pt) activated by \bassv - -BAROMICH BROKEN LIGATURES - -lom (10pt) activated by \lom - -CURSIVE CROATIAN GLAGOLITIC - -kur (10pt) activated by \kur - -SEVERAL CALYGRAPHIC LETTERS - -cal (12pt) activated by \kal - -CROATIAN CYRILLIC (bosancica) - -hcyr (10pt) activated by \hc - -CROATIAN WATTLE PATERNS - -pleter activated by \pleter -plet activated by \plet -ple activated by \ple - - - A standard way to use \pleter is to write - {\pleter 1eeeeeee2}. In this way you can obtain a very nice - headline composed of the Croatian wattle. You can also - compose vertical patterns. - - To use \plet you write {\plet srrrt} to obtain a rather - complex wattle. - - The ple.mf contains only one symbol ``a'' (a rather complex - circular wattle pattern): {\ple a} - -STECHAK ORNAMENTS - -stechak - - For example, see what happens when you write - {\stechak NNNNNNNN} - -==================================================== - - -Additional informations can be obtained at the end of my -article glcro.tex, accepted for publication in TUG (March -1996). - -Finally, I would be free to inform you that I prepared a -book ``Hrvatska glagoljica'', devoted to the history of -the glagolitic script (``Croatian glagolitic'', written -in Croatian), 414 p. (A5 format). It is planned to be -published in March 1996. - -Best wishes, - -Darko Zubrinic, -Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing -Av. Vukovar 39, Zagreb, Croatia - -e-mail: darko.zubrinic@fer.hr -http://www.tel.fer.hr/hrvatska/Croatia-HCS.html - |