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authorKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2007-04-11 23:09:15 +0000
committerKarl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>2007-04-11 23:09:15 +0000
commit7410502d1d3c16f11d788b7d082770e45b421b12 (patch)
tree66a4a2503b15635b27b00bf8c4868c38c2069a5e /Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles
parent6858df01ea6ebb32f4be0f68e4b2e03d8713f38f (diff)
abstyles fix/update (Juan Torrens mail to mactex-support, 9 Apr 2007 15:42:42)
git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@4150 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
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+ -*-Text-*-
+This is the BibTeX `adaptable' family of style files, version 1.10 as of
+April 1992, derived from the `plain' family by Hans-Hermann Bode. It allows
+setting of certain style parameters and definition of phrases without
+changing the style files, thus a multiple-language support is provided and
+the user may adapt the bibliography layout to his or her requirements within
+some limits.
+
+Send suggestions and bug reports to HHBODE@DOSUNI1.BITNET.
+
+This directory contains the following files:
+
+./README this file
+./btxabst.doc master file for creating the bst files
+./aplain.bst adaptable style, `plain' version
+./aabbrv.bst adaptable style, `abbreviated' version
+./aunsrt.bst adaptable style, `unsorted' version
+./aalpha.bst adaptable style, `alphanumeric' version
+./anotit.bst adaptable style, `no titles' version
+./aunsnot.bst adaptable style, `unsorted/no titles' version
+./apreambl.doc preamble file, documentation
+./apreambl.tex preamble file, to be input at the beginning of the bibliography
+./jourabbr.bib journal names, abbreviated version
+./jourfull.bib journal names, full version
+./acompat.bib compatibility definitions for use with standard styles
+./abstdok.tex documentation of the adaptable family (in German)
+./abstdok.bbl bibliography for abstdok
+./a4c.sty definition of length parameters for DIN-A4 paper, LaTeX version
+./a4c.tex definition of length parameters for DIN-A4 paper, WEB version
+./docmac.doc documentation of documentation macros (indeed!)
+./docmac.tex documentation macros
+
+*** Installation -------------------------------------------------------------
+
+To get a working adaptable-styles system you have to copy the following
+files into special directories.
+
+-- Copy all *.bst files into a directory where BibTeX looks for style files.
+This will usually be a directory in the TEXINPUT(S) path, i.e., in the same
+path where TeX looks for its input files.
+
+-- Copy apreambl.tex into a directory where TeX looks for its input files,
+see above.
+
+-- Copy all *.bib files into a directory where BibTeX looks for bibliography
+databases. This will usually be a directory in the BIBINPUT(S) path.
+
+Optionally, you may copy a4c.* and docmac.tex into a directory in the
+TEXINPUT(S) path. These files will be needed when printing the
+documentation; they may be useful, however, for other applications as well.
+
+*** Printing the documentation -----------------------------------------------
+
+The main documentation is a LaTeX source in abstdok.tex. Run LaTeX on this
+file twice (for resolving cross references) and make sure that apreambl.tex,
+abstdok.bbl, and a4c.sty can be loaded. In addition, the file german.sty is
+required; it is not included in this distribution, since you should be able
+to get it from every good TeX server (at least in Germany). The style file
+a4c.sty will set up length parameters so that the document will come out
+centered with margins of 2 cm on each side of a DIN-A4 sheet; if this
+doesn't fit to your paper format, you may want to edit this file first.
+Unfortunately, this documentation is written in German (which is due to the
+fact that European people sometimes get nostalgic and switch to their native
+language); if you feel the need to translate this into English, don't
+hesitate to do so (and send me the file, so I can include it into the next
+distribution).
+
+The definition of the adaptable parameters is discussed in apreambl.doc (in
+English, yes). Run this through TeX (not LaTeX, and don't forget the .doc
+extension!) and make sure that a4c.tex and docmac.tex can be loaded. The
+file a4c.tex corresponds to a4c.sty above, and docmac.tex contains macros
+for typesetting a WEB-style documentation. In fact, apreambl.tex is derived
+from apreambl.doc by means of Joachim Schrod's MAKEPROG system, which is a
+general documentation tool much similar to the WEB system of structured
+documentation; docmac.tex is an enhancement of MAKEPROG's macro package
+progdoc.tex which makes the documentation layout more ``WEB-like''. If you
+want to change some of the adaptable parameters, the best way to do it is to
+get MAKEPROG (it should be available from the same source as the adaptable
+style files) and write a changefile to apreambl.doc. Then there is a good
+chance that you can apply your changes to future versions of this
+distribution without major modifications. Moreover, you can use MAKEPROG and
+docmac.tex for your own developments, it's worth a try! (In this case you may
+want to look at docmac's documentation: just run TeX on docmac.doc and make
+sure that docmac.tex is loadable.)
+
+Further documentation is provided in plain-text form in the files
+jourabbr.bib, jourfull.bib, and acompat.bib. You may want to edit the first
+two of them to add more journal names or other general stuff that should be
+defined at the beginning of your bibliographies.
+
+*** Usage hints (VERY brief) -------------------------------------------------
+
+It is assumed that you are familiar with the BibTeX philosophy and the
+standard style files, so here is a short description what you have to do in
+addition to use the adaptable styles.
+
+Choose one of the styles aplain, aabbrv, aunsrt, aalpha, anotit, or aunsnot
+(the first four are the adaptable versions of the corresponding standard
+styles, anotit is like aabbrv but omits titles of articles and some other
+redundant information, aunsnot is like anotit but doesn't sort the
+bibliography) and put a statement like
+
+ \bibliographystyle{aplain}
+
+somewhere into your document.
+
+Make sure that apreambl.tex is input before the \bibliography command is
+executed. The easiest way to do so is to include jourfull or jourabbr at the
+beginning of your \bibliography list. The file apreambl.tex carries out all
+parameter settings and switches between `full' and `abbreviated' as well as
+English and German versions of phrases automatically. The version it selects
+depends on the bibliography style and on the fact whether german.sty is
+loaded or not. The databases jourfull.bib and jourabbr.bib will load
+apreambl.tex and, furthermore, will define all strings that are lacking in
+the adaptable styles in comparison with the standard styles; hence, with
+this files you can use your old databases without changes, and---as
+mentioned above---this is the right place to add your own general
+definitions. So, a typical \bibliography command should look like
+
+ \bibliography{jourfull,user1,user2,user3}
+
+where user1, user2, and user3 are your private bibliography databases.
+
+If you ever feel the need to use one of the standard styles again, your
+databases---due to the use of special features of the adaptable styles---may
+not be compatible any more. The compatibility can be restored by means of
+acompat.bib, which defines all additional strings of the adaptable styles
+and should be included at the very beginning of the \bibliography list, e.g.,
+
+ \bibliography{acompat,jourfull,user1,user2,user3}\bibliographystyle{plain}
+
+Of course, acompat is not required for use with the adaptable styles alone.
+
+*** Correction ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+In parts of the documentation, the files apreambl.doc and apreambl.tex are
+referred to as apreamble.doc and apreamble.tex. The names were shortened to
+avoid difficulties with some operating systems with low-length file names.
+
+ --H2B
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/a4c.sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/a4c.sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7d407b75d10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/a4c.sty
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+% This is A4C.STY, a LaTeX style file written by Hans-Hermann Bode
+% (HHBODE@DOSUNI1.BITNET), that sets up a page layout appropriate for DIN-A4
+% paper sheets (210 mm x 297 mm).
+%
+% The text is horizontally centered with margins of 2 cm left and right.
+%
+% It is assumed, that the DVI driver sets margins of 1 in left and top.
+%
+% Version Date Author Comment
+% 1.00 08 Sep 1991 H2B First version
+
+\textwidth21cm % full paper
+\textheight29.7cm
+
+\oddsidemargin2cm % margins
+\evensidemargin\oddsidemargin
+\topmargin2cm
+
+\addtolength{\textwidth}{-\oddsidemargin} % odd/left or even/right margin
+\addtolength{\textwidth}{-\evensidemargin} % odd/right or even/left margin
+\addtolength{\textheight}{-2\topmargin} % top and bottom margin
+\addtolength{\textheight}{-\headheight}
+\addtolength{\textheight}{-\headsep}
+\addtolength{\textheight}{-\footskip}
+
+\hoffset-1in % compensate the driver margins
+\voffset-1in
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/a4c.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/a4c.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ae619c66ab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/a4c.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+% This is A4C.TEX, a TeX macro file for WEB written by Hans-Hermann Bode
+% (HHBODE@DOSUNI1.BITNET), that sets up a page layout appropriate for DIN-A4
+% paper sheets (210 mm x 297 mm).
+%
+% The text is horizontally centered with margins of 2 cm left and right.
+%
+% It is assumed, that the DVI driver sets margins of 1 in left and top.
+%
+% Version Date Author Comment
+% 1.00 08 Sep 1991 H2B First version
+% 1.00a 28 Sep 1991 H2B Correction: missing setpage included
+
+\pagewidth21cm % full paper
+\fullpageheight29.7cm
+
+\hoffset2cm % left margin
+\pageshift0cm % additionally for odd-numbered pages
+\voffset2cm % top margin
+
+\advance\pagewidth by-2\hoffset % minus margins
+\advance\pagewidth by-2\pageshift % minus extra margins
+\advance\fullpageheight by-2\voffset % minus margins
+
+\pageheight\fullpageheight % full text
+\advance\pageheight by-0.3in % minus header
+
+\advance\hoffset by-1in % compensate the driver margins
+\advance\voffset by-1in
+
+\setpage % tell TeX new dimensions
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/abstdok.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/abstdok.pdf
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/abstdok.pdf
Binary files differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/abstdok.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/abstdok.tex
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/abstdok.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+ %-*-LaTeX-*-
+\documentstyle[twoside,german,a4c]{article}
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\frenchspacing
+\setlength{\doublerulesep}{0pt}
+
+\title{Neue \BibTeX-Style-Files: Die {\em adaptable family}}
+\author{Hans-Hermann Bode\thanks{Postanschrift: Arbeitsgruppe Systemforschung,
+ Universit"at Osnabr"uck, Artilleriestra"se 34, D-W-4500 Osnabr"uck; e-mail:
+ {\tt hhbode@dosuni1.bitnet}.}}
+\date{08. April 1992}
+
+\newcommand{\BibTeX}{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+ T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+%\tableofcontents
+%\listoffigures
+%\listoftables
+
+\begin{abstract}\footnotesize
+ Es wird eine neue Familie von \BibTeX-Style-Files vorgestellt, die von den
+ Standard-Style-Files abgeleitet ist und sich durch nachtr"agliche
+ Anpa"sbarkeit von Layout und F"ullw"ortern seitens des Benutzers oder der
+ Benutzerin\footnote{Im folgenden gilt die Fu"snote auf Seite~v von Knuths
+ fundamentalem Werk~\cite{art1} sinngem"a"s.} auszeichnet. Das Paket
+ umfa"st neben den eigentlichen Stilen Dateien mit Definitionen, die
+ automatisch eine englische oder deutsche Bibliographie mit ausgeschriebenen
+ oder abgek"urzten F"ullw"ortern erzeugen und au"serdem die volle
+ Kompatibilit"at bestehender \BibTeX-Datenbanken zu den neuen Stilen sowie
+ umgekehrt die Vertr"aglichkeit neuer Datenbanken zu den alten Stilen
+ herstellen.
+\end{abstract}
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Mit {\BibTeX} steht dem \LaTeX- wie dem plain-\TeX-Anwender ein
+au"serordentlich leistungsf"ahiges Werkzeug zur Verf"ugung, um
+Bibliographien zu Artikeln, Berichten, B"uchern und {\em literate
+programs\/} zu erstellen. Mu"ste man fr"uher m"uhsam alle zitierten
+Literaturstellen zusammensuchen, alle Angaben -- oft immer wieder dieselben
+-- per Hand eintippen (m"oglichst, ohne Fehler bei Seitenangaben,
+Bandnummern, Jahreszahlen usw.~zu machen) und sich schlie"slich auch noch um
+Layout-Fragen k"ummern, so beschr"ankt sich diese Arbeit mit {\BibTeX} auf
+die einmalige Eingabe der bibliographischen Informationen in eine
+Literaturdatenbank und das Aufrufen von \verb|\cite|-Kommandos mit einem
+Schl"ussel f"ur das zu zitierende Werk. {\BibTeX} stellt dann die
+Literaturliste zusammen und sorgt auch f"ur ein konsistentes Aussehen
+derselben.
+
+{\BibTeX} ist "`offizieller"' Bestandteil des \LaTeX-Makropakets und von
+Lamport in~\cite{latex} beschrieben, eine deutsche Fassung findet man etwa
+bei Kopka~\cite{kopka-einf}. Dar"uberhinaus erlaubt das zur
+Standard-\BibTeX-Distribution geh"orige Makropaket {\tt btxmac.tex} auch die
+Verwendung unter plain-\TeX\, und zwar mit der gleichen
+Benutzerschnittstelle (dieses Makropaket ist auch mit dem {\tt WEB}-System
+f"ur strukturierte Dokumentation kompatibel, so da"s \BibTeX\ auch beim {\em
+literate programming\/} eingesetzt werden kann). Oren Patashnik, der Autor
+des \BibTeX-Programms, legt mit~\cite{bibtex-doc} ein Manual f"ur
+\BibTeX-Benutzer vor, das im Gegensatz zu den zuvor genannten Stellen die
+jeweils aktuelle Version dokumentiert und das in einer Datei {\tt
+btxdoc.tex} jeder \BibTeX-Implementation beigegeben sein sollte. Die
+Kenntnis wenigstens einer der angegebenen Quellen wird hier vorausgesetzt
+und nicht weiter auf allgemeine Grundlagen der Benutzung von {\BibTeX}
+eingegangen.
+
+Das Schlu"skapitel von Patashniks Manual -- herausgegeben als separates
+Dokument~\cite{bibtex-hak} -- beschreibt M"oglichkeiten der Erzeugung von
+Style-Files, die das Layout der Bibliographie bestimmen. Vier solcher
+Style-Files ({\tt plain}, {\tt unsrt}, {\tt alpha} und {\tt abbrv}) geh"oren
+zum Standardumfang von {\BibTeX}. Weitere Styles -- wie {\tt siam}, {\tt
+ieeetr} oder {\tt apalike} -- wurden von Patashnik u.\,a.~erstellt, in
+erster Linie, um den Anforderungen bestimmter Zeitschriftenherausgeber zu
+entsprechen. Die Erzeugung von solchen Styles, auch wenn es nur um relativ
+geringf"ugige Ab"anderungen vorhandener Stile geht, ist allerdings ein recht
+m"uhsamer Vorgang (man mu"s Programme in einer Spezialsprache mit
+Postfixnotation schreiben), der die meisten {\BibTeX}-Anwender "uberfordern
+d"urfte. Aus diesem Grund entstand die {\em adaptable family}, die eine
+einfache Anpassung an pers"onliche oder fremde Vorstellungen erlaubt.
+
+\section*{Die Styles} %-------------------------------------------------------
+
+\begin{table}\small\centering
+ \caption{\sf "Ubersicht der Stile mit ihren Attributen.\strut}
+ \label{tab:stile}
+ \medskip
+ \begin{tabular}{lcccccc}
+ \hline\hline
+ Stil & numerisch & sortiert & initial & klein & kurz & titellos\\
+ \hline
+ {\tt aplain} & ja & ja & nein & ja & nein & nein\\
+ {\tt aunsrt} & ja & nein & nein & ja & nein & nein\\
+ {\tt aalpha} & nein & ja & nein & ja & nein & nein\\
+ {\tt aabbrv} & ja & ja & ja & ja & ja & nein\\
+ {\tt anotit} & ja & ja & ja & ja & ja & ja\\
+ {\tt aunsnot} & ja & nein & ja & ja & ja & ja\\
+ \hline\hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Das grunds"atzliche Aussehen der Bibliographie wird auch bei den anpa"sbaren
+Versionen durch den jeweiligen, im \verb|\bibliographystyle| der \TeX-Quelle
+gew"ahlten Stil festgelegt. Dieser bestimmt im wesentlichen, welche
+Informationen "uberhaupt auszugeben sind und in welcher Reihenfolge diese
+angeordnet werden sollen; dar"uber hinaus sind f"ur jeden Stil eine Reihe von
+festen, unver"anderlichen Merkmalen vorgegeben, die in Tabelle~\ref{tab:stile}
+f"ur die sechs Stile der {\em adaptable family\/} zusammengefa"st sind.
+
+Alle Stile bis auf {\tt aalpha} erzeugen numerische Marken zur Kennzeichnung
+der Zitate ("`[1]"', "`[2]"' usw.), w"ahrend {\tt aalpha} die Marken
+alphanumerisch, i.\,allg.~aus K"urzeln f"ur die Autorennamen und
+Erscheinungsjahr, zusammensetzt (z.\,B.~"`[knu73]"'). Bei {\tt aunsrt} und
+{\tt aunsnot} erscheint die Bibliographie in der Reihenfolge der Zitate, bei
+den anderen Stilen wird sie nach Autorennamen, Erscheinungsjahren
+usw.~sortiert. Das Attribut "`initial"' zeigt an, ob die Vornamen der
+Autoren abgek"urzt werden oder nicht; das erstere ist der Fall f"ur {\tt
+aabbrv}, {\tt anotit} und {\tt aunsnot}, die zudem im Unterschied zu den
+"ubrigen Stilen als "`kurz"' gekennzeichnet sind (die Bedeutung dieses
+Attributs wird im n"achsten Abschnitt erkl"art). Alle Stile setzen
+Gro"sbuchstaben, die in Titeln von Zeitschriftenartikeln -- sofern diese
+"uberhaupt ausgegeben werden -- vorkommen und nicht am Satzanfang stehen, in
+Kleinschreibung um (Attribut "`klein"'); dies ist zwar f"ur deutsche Titel
+nicht geeignet, l"a"st sich aber leicht unterdr"ucken (s.~die Er"orterung am
+Ende dieses Artikels). Schlie"slich zeichnen sich die Stile {\tt anotit} und
+{\tt aunsnot} dadurch aus, da"s die Titel von Zeitschriftenartikeln
+unterdr"uckt werden, wie es etwa in der physikalischen Literatur
+durchg"angig "ublich ist.
+
+Insgesamt entsprechen die Stile {\tt aplain}, {\tt aunsrt}, {\tt aalpha} und
+{\tt aabbrv} -- wie auch aus der Namensgebung hervorgeht -- den vier
+Standardstilen von \BibTeX\ (Patashniks {\em plain family\/}), w"ahrend {\tt
+anotit} und {\tt aunsnot} hinzugef"ugt wurden, um eine L"ucke zu schlie"sen.
+
+\section*{Anpassung von Layout und F"ullw"ortern} %---------------------------
+
+Die Anpassung der {\tt a}-Stile erfolgt durch Definition bestimmter
+\TeX-Makros; andererseits funktionieren die Stile nicht, wenn diese Makros
+undefiniert sind. Die Definition geschieht zweckm"a"sigerweise "uber ein
+\verb|@PREAMBLE|-Kommando, das sich in einer der bibliographischen
+Datenbanken befindet (vgl.~das n"achste Kapitel). Die {\tt a}-Styles
+definieren einen Schalter \verb|abfull|, der in Abh"angigkeit davon, ob es
+sich um einen "`Kurzstil"' handelt oder nicht (s.~Tab.~\ref{tab:stile}), den
+Wert \verb|false| oder \verb|true| bekommt. So k"onnen sich die Makros
+automatisch darauf einstellen, F"ullw"orter abzuk"urzen oder voll
+auszuschreiben.
+
+\begin{table}\small\centering
+ \caption{\sf Zusammenstellung der verwendeten Makros.\strut}
+ \label{tab:makros}
+ \medskip
+ \begin{tabular}{lp{8cm}}
+ \hline\hline
+ Makroname & Bedeutung\\
+ \hline
+ \verb|\abtype| & Definiert die Schriftauszeichnung einzelner Felder
+ eines Bibliographieeintrags.\\
+ \verb|\abphrase| & Legt die F"ullw"orter fest.\\
+ \verb|\abmonth| & Enth"alt die Monatsnamen.\\
+ \verb|\abedition| & Stellt Bezeichnungen f"ur Auflagen eines Buches zur
+ Verf"ugung ("`Erste"', "`Zweite"', "`Dritte"' usw.).\\
+ \verb|\abchapter| & Gibt Namen f"ur bestimmte Segmente eines
+ Schriftst"ucks zur"uck ("`Abschnitt"', "`Absatz"',
+ "`Anhang"' oder "`Teil"').\\
+ \hline\hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Die fraglichen Makros sind in Tab.~\ref{tab:makros} zusammengestellt. Alle
+Makronamen beginnen mit {\tt ab}. W"ahrend \verb|\abtype| f"ur die
+Schriftauszeichnung verantworlich ist, haben alle anderen Makros mit
+F"ullw"ortern zu tun und erlauben sprachspezifische Anpassungen sowie
+Unterscheidung zwischen "`Kurz-"' und "`Vollstilen"'. Es folgen detaillierte
+Beschreibungen der Makros mit ihren Parametern.
+
+\subsection*{{\tt abtype}}
+
+\begin{table}\small\centering
+ \caption{\sf Der erste Parameter von {\tt abtype}.\strut}\label{tab:abtype}
+ \medskip
+ \begin{tabular}{rp{5cm}}
+ \hline\hline
+ Code & Bedeutung\\
+ \hline
+ 0 & Namen von Autoren und Editoren\\
+ 1 & Titel von B"uchern und Reihen\\
+ 2 & Zeitschriftentitel\\
+ 3 & Bandnummern von Zeitschriften\\
+ 4 & Heftnummern von Zeitschriften\\
+ 5 & Datumsangaben\\
+ \hline\hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Die Layoutsteuerung wird "uber das Makro \verb|\abtype| vorgenommen. Die {\tt
+a}-Stile schreiben die meisten Felder eines Eintrags indirekt "uber einen
+Aufruf von \verb|\abtype| in die Bibliographie, wobei zwei Argumente
+"ubergeben werden: eine Codenummer f"ur die Art des Feldes und der in das
+Feld einzutragende Text. Dieser kann dann vom Makro beliebig formatiert
+zur"uckgegeben werden. Die Codewerte f"ur den ersten Parameter von
+\verb|\abtype| findet man in Tab.~\ref{tab:abtype}.
+
+Durch eine Definition der Form
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\abtype##1##2{%
+\ifcase##1{\sc##2}\or"`##2"'\or{\em##2\/}\or{\bf##2}\or%
+(##2)\or(##2)\else##2\fi}}
+\end{verbatim}
+also erreichte man beispielweise, da"s Autorennamen in {\sc Kapit"alchen},
+Buchtitel in "`Anf"uhrungszeichen"' und Zeitschriftentitel {\em kursiv\/}
+gesetzt werden und da"s Bandnummern von Zeitschriften {\bf fett} erscheinen,
+w"ahrend Heftnummern ebenso wie Datumsangaben geklammert werden.
+Vorsichtshalber wurde noch eine \verb|\else|-Klausel angef"ugt, die bewirkt,
+da"s bei Aufruf des Makros mit einem undefinierten Codewert das zweite
+Argument unformatiert zur"uckgegeben wird (f"ur die Original-{\tt a}-Stile
+w"are dies nicht erforderlich).
+
+\subsection*{{\tt abphrase}}
+
+\begin{table}\small\centering
+ \caption{\sf Der Parameter von {\tt abphrase}.\strut}\label{tab:abphrase}
+ \medskip
+ \begin{tabular}{rp{9.5cm}}
+ \hline\hline
+ Code & Bedeutung\\
+ \hline
+ 0 & Bindewort zwischen zwei oder vor dem letzten Namen einer Liste
+ ("`und"')\\
+ 1 & Satzzeichen vor dem letzten Bindewort einer Namensliste (im
+ Deutschen nichts, im Englischen ein Komma)\\
+ 2 & Ersatz f"ur Namen von Mitautoren und Mitherausgebern ("`u.\,a."' oder
+ "`et~al."')\\
+ 3 & Bezeichnung f"ur mehrere Herausgeber (z.\,B.~"`Editoren"')\\
+ 4 & Bezeichnung f"ur einen Herausgeber ("`Editor"')\\
+ 5 & Wort nach der Bandnummer einer Reihe oder Kreuzreferenz ("`aus"')\\
+ 6 & Wort nach der Ausgabennummer einer Reihe ("`in"')\\
+ 7 & Wort vor Querverweisen auf B"ucher, Artikel usw.~("`In"')\\
+ 8 & Wort vor einer Bandnummer mitten im Satz ("`volume"' auf
+ Englisch, aber "`Band"' auf Deutsch)\\
+ 9 & dto.~am Satzanfang ("`Volume"' bzw.~erneut "`Band"')\\
+ 10 & Wort vor einer Reihennummer mitten im Satz ("`Nummer"')\\
+ 11 & dto. am Satzanfang (im Deutschen dasselbe)\\
+ 12 & Wort hinter einer Auf"|lagennummer ("`Auf"|lage"')\\
+ 13 & Wort vor mehreren Seitennummern ("`Seiten"')\\
+ 14 & Wort vor einer einzelnen Seitennummer ("`Seite"')\\
+ 15 & Wort vor einer Kapitelnummer ("`Kapitel"')\\
+ 16 & Bezeichnung f"ur einen Forschungsbericht ("`Technical Report"')\\
+ 17 & Bezeichnung f"ur eine Diplomarbeit ("`Master's thesis"')\\
+ 18 & Bezeichnung f"ur eine Doktorarbeit ("`PhD Thesis"')\\
+ \hline\hline
+ \end{tabular}
+\end{table}
+
+Der gr"o"ste Teil der F"ullw"orter wird durch \verb|\abphrase| abgedeckt.
+Das Makro hat einen Parameter, der wieder eine Codenummer darstellt.
+Die vorkommenden Werte zeigt Tab.~\ref{tab:abphrase}.
+
+Ein Beispiel f"ur eine geeignete Definition von \verb|\abphrase| mit
+ausgeschriebenen, deutschen F"ullw"ortern w"are:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\abphrase##1{%
+\ifcase##1{ und }\or{}\or{ und andere}\or%
+{ (Herausgeber)}\or{ (Herausgeber)}\or%
+{ aus }\or{ in }\or{In }\or%
+{Band}\or{Band}\or{Nummer}\or{Nummer}\or%
+{ Auf"|lage}\or{Seiten}\or{Seite}\or{Kapitel}\or%
+{Bericht}\or{Diplomarbeit}\or{Dissertation}\fi}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+\subsection*{{\tt abmonth}}
+
+Einfacher als die vorangegangenen Makros ist \verb|\abmonth|: Es wird mit
+einer Zahl zwischen 1~und~12 als Argument aufgerufen und sollte die
+Bezeichnung f"ur den entsprechenden Monat zur"uckgeben; also etwa
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\abmonth##1{\ifcase##1\or Januar\or Februar\or M"arz\or
+ April\or Mai\or Juni\or Juli\or August\or September\or
+ Oktober\or November\or Dezember\fi}
+\end{verbatim}
+Man beachte, da"s vor \verb|Januar| bereits ein \verb|\or| stehen mu"s, da
+dieser Monat den Code~1 hat und nicht~0. Desweiteren gilt, da"s die
+Definition von \verb|\abmonth| nur dann einen Effekt hat, wenn in den
+Bibliographiedatenbanken von den vordefinierten Strings {\tt jan}, {\tt
+feb}, \dots, {\tt dec} Gebrauch gemacht wird -- es sei denn, man ruft das
+Makro direkt auf, wovon man jedoch im Hinblick auf m"ogliche
+Kompatibilit"atsprobleme mit anderen Styles oder zuk"unftigen Versionen der
+anpa"sbaren Stile Abstand nehmen sollte.
+
+\subsection*{{\tt abedition}}
+
+Ein weiteres Makro mit einem numerischen Wert als Parameter ist
+\verb|\abedition|. Die "ubergebene Zahl bezeichnet eine Auf"|lagennummer und
+es sollte ein entsprechender String zur"uckgegeben werden, z.\,B.:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\abedition##1{\ifcase##1\or Erste\or Zweite\or Dritte\or
+ Vierte\or F"unfte\or Sechste\or Siebte\or Achte\or
+ Neunte\or Zehnte\else?\fi}
+\end{verbatim}
+In den anpa"sbaren Stilen existieren vordefinierte Strings {\tt first}, {\tt
+second}, \dots, {\tt tenth}, die man aus den gleichen Gr"unden wie oben f"ur
+das {\tt EDITION}-Feld der Bibliographieeintr"age verwenden sollte. Ein
+Problem ergibt sich, wenn eine Auflagennummer gr"o"ser als~10 ben"otigt
+wird; in diesem Fall sollte man das Makro entsprechend erweitern und
+zus"atzliche Strings durch {\tt @STRING}-Kommandos definieren.
+
+\subsection*{{\tt abchapter}}
+
+Schlie"slich ist noch ein Makro mit einem Code zwischen 0~und~3 f"ur
+Bezeichnungen verschiedener Segmente eines Dokuments zu definieren. Die
+Bedeutung ergibt sich unmittelbar aus dem Beispiel
+\begin{verbatim}
+\def\abchapter##1{\ifcase##1Abschnitt\or Absatz\or
+Anhang\or Teil\fi}
+\end{verbatim}
+Auch f"ur den Aufruf dieses Makros gibt es vordefinierte Strings, die man in
+den Datenbanken tunlichst benutzen sollte; sie hei"sen {\tt section}, {\tt
+paragraph}, {\tt appendix} und {\tt part} und sind gedacht f"ur den Einsatz
+im {\tt TYPE}-Feld mancher Eintr"age, mit welchem sich das {\tt
+CHAPTER}-Feld umwidmen l"a"st.
+
+\section*{Benutzungshinweise} %-----------------------------------------------
+
+Zum Gl"uck braucht man die im letzten Kapitel vorgestellten Makros nicht
+selbst einzugeben, sie sind vielmehr bereits in der Datei {\tt
+apreamble.tex} enthalten, die zum Lieferumfang des Pakets geh"ort. Sie
+stellt in Abh"angigkeit vom \verb|abfull|-Schalter ausgeschriebene oder
+abgek"urzte F"ullw"orter zur Verf"ugung. Mehr noch, diese Datei enth"alt
+neben den deutschen F"ullw"ortern auch "aquivalente Definitionen in
+englischer Sprache. Die Auswahl zwischen den beiden Sprachversionen wird
+automatisch getroffen, und zwar nach folgenden Kriterien:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Ist das Makropaket {\tt german.sty} {\em nicht\/} geladen, wird die
+englische Version genommen.
+ \item Wird dagegen festgestellt, da"s {\tt german.sty} eingelesen wurde,
+h"angt die Sprachauswahl vom eingestellten \verb|\language|-Wert ab:
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Ist dieser gleich \verb|\german| oder \verb|\austrian|, wird die
+ deutsche Version gew"ahlt.
+ \item In allen anderen F"allen ist es wieder die englische.
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{itemize}
+Auf diese Weise sollten zumindest alle diejenigen zufriedengestellt sein,
+die entweder nur englische Dokumente verfassen oder unter Benutzung von {\tt
+german.sty} sowohl englische als auch deutsche Texte schreiben. Nat"urlich
+steht es jedem frei, {\tt apreamble.tex} um zus"atzliche Sprachen zu
+erweitern oder die mittels \verb|\abtype| vorgenommenen Formatierungen nach
+eigenem Gutd"unken abzu"andern.
+
+Damit der oben vorgestellte Mechanismus zur Sprachauswahl funktioniert, mu"s
+die Datei {\tt german.sty} -- wenn "uberhaupt -- {\em vor\/} {\tt
+apreamble.tex} eingelesen werden. Dies sollte im Zusammenhang mit \LaTeX\
+kein Problem darstellen, da \verb|german| f"ur gew"ohnlich als
+Dokumentstiloption verwendet wird. Wie oben erw"ahnt l"a"st sich \BibTeX\
+aber auch mit plain-\TeX\ nutzen, wenn das Makropaket {\tt btxmac.tex}
+eingebunden wird; hier ist dann sicherzustellen, da"s der Befehl
+\verb|\input german.sty| vor \verb|\input apreamble| (bzw., wie im n"achsten
+Absatz erl"autert, vor \verb|\bibliography{...}|) erscheint. Alle zur {\em
+adaptable family\/} geh"origen Makros sind "ubrigens so abgefa"st, da"s sie
+sowohl mit \LaTeX\ als auch mit plain-\TeX\ funktionieren; insbesondere
+vertragen sie sich auch mit dem {\tt WEB}-System f"ur strukturierte
+Dokumentation.
+
+Weiterhin ist es nat"urlich erforderlich, da"s {\tt apreamble.tex} vor der
+eigentlichen Bibliographie eingelesen wird; auch daf"ur steht eine implizite
+L"osung bereit. Es ist ohnehin vorteilhaft, wenn man eine oder mehrere {\tt
+bib}-Dateien mit allgemeinen Definitionen (haupts"achlich
+\verb|@STRING|-Kommandos) anlegt und diese stets am Anfang der
+\verb|\bibliography|-Liste aufz"ahlt. Zum Lieferumfang der {\em adaptable
+family\/} geh"oren zwei solche Dateien, {\tt jourfull.bib} und {\tt
+jourabbr.bib}, die Namen f"ur Zeitschriften -- einmal in ausgeschriebener
+und zum anderen in abgek"urzter Form -- definieren, und zwar gerade die,
+welche in den Standard-Bibliographiestilen (der {\em plain family\/})
+bereits vordefiniert sind\footnote{Der Autor der {\em adaptable family\/}
+war der Meinung, da"s die Auswahl dieser Zeitschriften zu speziell auf ein
+Fach bezogen ist, und hat die Definitionen daher in seinen Stildateien
+weggelassen. Unter Benutzung dieser beiden Dateien ist jedoch die volle
+Kompatibilit"at von Datenbanken, die f"ur die Standardstile erstellt wurden,
+zu den anpa"sbaren Stilen gew"ahrleistet.}. Beide Dateien laden {\tt
+apreamble.tex} automatisch am Anfang der Bibliographie. Alles, was man zur
+Nutzung der anpa"sbaren Stile -- abgesehen vom eventuellen Laden von {\tt
+btxmac} -- innerhalb eines Dokuments zu tun hat, beschr"ankt sich somit auf
+zwei Kommandos, die typischerweise so aussehen:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibliography{jourfull,user1,user2,user3}\bibliographystyle{aplain}
+\end{verbatim}
+Dabei sind \verb|user1|, \verb|user2| und \verb|user3| irgendwelche
+Benutzerdatenbanken, \verb|jourfull| kann nat"urlich auch durch
+\verb|jourabbr| ersetzt werden (mu"s aber immer am Anfang der Liste stehen!)
+und statt \verb|aplain| kann selbstverst"andlich ein beliebiger anderer
+anpa"sbarer Stil verwendet werden. Es ist zu betonen, da"s die Auswahl
+"`ausgeschriebene oder abgek"urzte Zeitschriftennamen"' nicht vom
+Bibliographiestil bestimmt wird, sondern durch Angabe von \verb|jourfull|
+oder \verb|jourabbr| erfolgt.
+
+Au"serdem definieren die beiden Dateien {\tt jourfull.bib} und {\tt
+jourabbr.bib} Strings namens \verb|ifger|, \verb|else| und \verb|fi|, die es
+auf einfache Weise erm"oglichen, innerhalb der Datenbanken bei einzelnen
+Feldern von der automatischen Sprachauswahl zu profitieren. Beispielsweise
+k"onnte damit das \verb|NOTE|-Feld eines Eintrags etwa folgendes enthalten:
+\begin{verbatim}
+ifger # "Wird demn{\"a}chst erscheinen." # else # "To be published." # fi
+\end{verbatim}
+Wie man unschwer erkennt, handelt es sich um eine bedingte Anweisung:
+\verb|ifger| sorgt daf"ur, da"s der nachstehende Text ausgegeben wird, wenn
+die automatische Sprachauswahl sich f"ur "`deutsch"' entschieden hat,
+\verb|else| leitet die Alternative f"ur den gegenteiligen Fall ein und
+\verb|fi| schlie"st die ganze Konstruktion ab. Der Operator~\verb|#|
+verkettet die einzelnen Teile zu einem von \TeX\ interpretierbaren
+Gesamtstring.
+
+Gelegentlich mag es vorkommen, da"s man die neuen, auf die {\em adaptable
+family\/} zugeschnittenen Datenbanken mit einem der Standardstile verwenden
+will. Dies st"o"st auf Schwierigkeiten, da die anpa"sbaren Stile einige
+zus"atzliche Strings definieren, von denen man sicherlich Gebrauch gemacht
+hat (genauer: machen sollte). Es steht aber eine Datei {\tt acompat.bib} zur
+Verf"ugung, die alle zus"atzlichen Strings nachtr"aglich definiert. Bindet
+man diese noch vor {\tt jourfull.bib} oder {\tt jourabbr.bib} (die man f"ur
+die oben beschriebenen Mechanismen weiterhin braucht) in die
+\verb|\bibliography|-Liste ein, so steht einer Nutzung der Standardstile
+etwa in der Form
+\begin{verbatim}
+\bibliography{acompat,jourfull,user1,user2,user3}\bibliographystyle{plain}
+\end{verbatim}
+nichts mehr im Wege. Nat"urlich funktioniert die automatische Sprachauswahl
+jetzt nicht mehr bei den F"ull"-w"or"-tern, sondern nur noch bei den
+"`handgemachten"' \verb|ifger|-Konstruktionen.
+
+Abschlie"send noch eine Anmerkung zur Gro"s-/Kleinschreibung von
+Zeitschriftentiteln. Die Stile der {\em plain family\/} setzen solche stets
+in Kleinschreibung um; so wird z.\,B. aus
+\begin{verbatim}
+TITLE="A Horror Story about Integration Methods"
+\end{verbatim}
+die Titelangabe "`A horror story about integration methods"'. Es wurde
+verschiedentlich die Meinung vertreten, da"s ein deutscher Bibliographiestil
+diese Umsetzung abschalten sollte, da sie f"ur deutsche Titel nicht ad"aquat
+ist. Der Autor der {\em adaptable family\/} schlie"st sich dieser Meinung
+nicht an (und hat die Umsetzung daher beibehalten): Gro"s-/Kleinschreibung
+von Zeitschriftentiteln ist nicht eine Frage der Sprache, in der das
+Dokument gesetzt ist, sondern eine Funktion der Sprache des Titels selbst.
+So sollte die Eingabe
+\begin{verbatim}
+TITLE="Graphische Sprachelemente in ALGOL 68"
+\end{verbatim}
+{\em immer\/} zu der Ausgabe "`Graphische Sprachelemente in ALGOL~68"'
+f"uhren -- auch in einem englischen Dokument; ebensowenig ist etwas dagegen
+einzuwenden, wenn im obigen Beispiel mit dem englischen Titel die Umsetzung
+auch in einem deutschen Dokument stattfindet.
+
+Es ist also {\em bei den einzelnen Titelangaben\/} daf"ur zu sorgen, da"s die
+Umsetzung ggf.~verhindert wird. Dies ist aber -- bei den Standard- wie bei
+den anpa"sbaren Stilen -- leicht m"oglich, wie im
+\BibTeX-Manual~\cite{bibtex-doc} beschrieben wird: Man schlie"se den
+gesamten Titel in ein zus"atzliches Paar geschweifter Klammern ein. Also
+bewirkt
+\begin{verbatim}
+TITLE="{Graphische Sprachelemente in ALGOL 68}"
+\end{verbatim}
+genau das Gew"unschte (die G"ansef"u"schen z"ahlen als "au"seres Klammerpaar
+und k"onnten auch durch geschweifte Klammern ersetzt werden, die
+zus"atzlichen Klammern sind aber trotzdem erforderlich). Statt dessen
+k"onnte man auch nur die gro"szuschreibenden W"orter oder Buchstaben
+klammern, z.\,B.
+\begin{verbatim}
+TITLE="{G}raphische {S}prachelemente in {ALGOL} 68"
+\end{verbatim}
+Diese Technik wendet man manchmal auch in englischen Titeln an, etwa in
+\begin{verbatim}
+TITLE="Stiff {ODE} Solvers: A Review of Current and Coming Attractions"
+\end{verbatim}
+so da"s sich der Titel "`Stiff ODE solvers: A review of current and coming
+attractions"' ergibt (das Wort nach dem Doppelpunkt bleibt ohne besondere
+Ma"snahme gro"sgeschrieben).
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\footnotesize\bibliography{jfull,inf}\bibliographystyle{aplain}
+%\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\refname}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/apreambl.doc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/apreambl.doc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8a8c434726e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/apreambl.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+ %-*-Web-*-
+% This is APREAMBL.DOC, written by Hans-Hermann Bode (HHBODE@@DOSUNI1.BITNET).
+% Use MAKEPROG to generate the program, use TeX to produce the documentation.
+
+% This program is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, express or implied.
+
+% Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Hans-Hermann Bode
+
+% Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+% document provided that the copyright notice and this permission notice
+% are preserved on all copies.
+
+% Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+% document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+% entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+% permission notice identical to this one.
+
+% Version history:
+%
+% Version Date Author Comment
+% 1.10a 18 Jul 1991 H2B First version for public release.
+% 1.10b 10 Aug 1991 H2B Improved handling of the language
+% switch, using MakeProg for
+% documentation.
+% 1.10c 04 Apr 1992 H2B Preventing multiple input, hiding
+% local identifiers, extending
+% documentation.
+% 1.10d 15 Apr 1992 H2B Incompatibility with german.sty 2.4a
+% fixed.
+% 1.10e 28 Jun 1992 H2B Problem with |\mdqoff| fixed.
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\input docmac
+
+\def\title{APREAMBL}
+\def\curversion{1.10e}
+\def\curdate{June 1992}
+
+\def\topofcontents{\null\vfill
+ \centerline{\ttitlefont\title}
+ \medskip
+ \centerline{Preamble definitions for the \BibTeX\ `adaptable' family}
+ \medskip
+ \centerline{Version \curversion, \curdate}
+ \bigskip
+ \centerline{\sl Hans-Hermann Bode}
+ \centerline{\sl Arbeitsgruppe Systemforschung, Universit\"at Osnabr\"uck}
+ \vfill}
+
+\def\botofcontents{\vfill
+ \noindent
+ Copyright \copyright\ 1991,\thinspace1992 Hans-Hermann Bode
+ \bigskip\noindent
+ Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+ document provided that the copyright notice and this permission notice
+ are preserved on all copies.
+ \smallskip\noindent
+ Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+ document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+ entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+ permission notice identical to this one.}
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+%\input amssym.def
+%\input btxmac
+%\input sammac
+\input a4c
+
+%\frenchspacing
+
+\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+ T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em
+ T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+
+\chap Introduction. %---------------------------------------------------------
+This file provides preamble definitions for use with the \BibTeX\
+`adaptable' family. It has to be read in at the beginning of a bibliography
+that was generated by one of the adaptable styles. Usually this will be done
+implicitly by means of an |@PREAMBLE| command in one of the bibliography
+databases included in the |\bibliography| enumeration (e.g.,
+\.{jourfull.bib} or \.{jourabbr.bib}), otherwise it must be |\input|
+explicitly right before the |\bibliography| macro is executed.
+
+\beginprog
+% This is APREAMBL.TEX, version 1.10e, written by Hans-Hermann Bode
+% (HHBODE@DOSUNI1.BITNET), for the BibTeX `adaptable' family, version 1.10.
+% See the file APREAMBL.DOC for a detailed documentation.
+
+% This program is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, express or implied.
+
+% Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Hans-Hermann Bode
+
+% Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
+% document provided that the copyright notice and this permission notice
+% are preserved on all copies.
+
+% Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
+% document under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
+% entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
+% permission notice identical to this one.
+\endprog
+
+\sect We use the---hopefully unique---identifier
+|\csname__APREAMBLE_TEX\endcsname| to decide whether this file was already
+read. If that identifier hasn't the meaning of |\relax|, we assume that this
+event arose and execute an |\endinput|; otherwise, we continue and store the
+|\catcode| of~|@| into it, which then will be set to~11 for use in local
+macro names. Hence, |\csname__APREAMBLE_TEX\endcsname| now is defined to
+prevent the file from multiply being input, and---on the other hand---we can
+restore the |\catcode| of~|@| in the end.
+
+\beginprog
+\expandafter\ifx\csname__APREAMBLE_TEX\endcsname\relax \else\endinput\fi
+\expandafter\chardef\csname__APREAMBLE_TEX\endcsname=\the\catcode`\@
+\catcode`\@=11
+\endprog
+
+\chap Setting style parameters. %---------------------------------------------
+The typesetting style of certain fields of the bibliography entries is
+determined by the |\abtype| command. It is called by the adaptable styles
+with two arguments: The first is a number that denotes the field in
+question, the second is the text to format. The meaning of the first
+parameter is declared in Tab.~1.
+$$\hbox{\sl Table~1: The first parameter of |\abtype|.\strut}$$
+$$\vbox{\halign{\strut\hfill#\hfill\quad & \vtop{\hsize=5cm\noindent#} \cr
+ \noalign{\hrule\hrule}
+ Value & Meaning \cr
+ \noalign{\hrule}
+ 0 & author and editor names \cr
+ 1 & titles of books and series \cr
+ 2 & journal titles \cr
+ 3 & journal volumes \cr
+ 4 & journal numbers \cr
+ 5 & dates \cr
+ \noalign{\hrule\hrule}
+ }}
+$$
+A comparison with the definition below shows that {\sc author and editor
+names} will be typeset in small caps, ``titles of books and series'' will be
+put in quotes, {\it journal titles\/} will come out in italics, {\bf journal
+volumes} will be boldface, and (journal numbers) and (dates) will be
+parenthesized. This may be changed to fit your needs.
+
+Currently, there is an English and a German version of the command. In the
+German version, the commands |\glqq| and |\grqq|---defined in
+\.{german.sty}---are used instead of |"`| and |"'|, in case we have
+|\mdqoff| (double-quotes inactive) but |\language=\german|.
+
+\beginprog
+\gdef\abtype@english{%
+\def\abtype##1##2{%
+\ifcase##1{\sc##2}\or``##2''\or{\em##2\/}\or{\bf##2}\or(##2)\or(##2)\else##2\fi}}
+
+\gdef\abtype@german{%
+\def\abtype##1##2{%
+\ifcase##1{\sc##2}\or\glqq##2\grqq\or{\em##2\/}\or{\bf##2}\or(##2)\or(##2)\else##2\fi}}
+\endprog
+
+\chap Definition of phrases. %------------------------------------------------
+Phrases are defined by the |\abphrase| command. The only parameter is a code
+for the phrase that is explained in Tab.~2.
+$$\hbox{\sl Table~2: The parameter of |\abphrase|.\strut}$$
+$$\vbox{\halign{\strut\hfill#\hfill\quad & \vtop{\hsize=10cm\noindent#} \cr
+ \noalign{\hrule\hrule}
+ Value & Meaning \cr
+ \noalign{\hrule}
+ 0 & conjunction between two or before the last name of a name list \cr
+ 1 & comes before the last conjunction of a name list \cr
+ 2 & replaces names of co-authors and co-editors (``et al.'') \cr
+ 3 & marks multiple editors \cr
+ 4 & marks a single editor \cr
+ 5 & ``of'' for a volume of a series or crossref \cr
+ 6 & ``in'' for a number in a series \cr
+ 7 & ``In'' for crossrefs to books, articles, etc. \cr
+ 8 & comes before a volume number, lower-case \cr
+ 9 & comes before a volume number, upper-case \cr
+ 10 & comes before a series number, lower-case \cr
+ 11 & comes before a series number, upper-case \cr
+ 12 & comes after an edition number \cr
+ 13 & comes before multiple page numbers \cr
+ 14 & comes before a single page number \cr
+ 15 & comes before a chapter number \cr
+ 16 & denotes a technical report \cr
+ 17 & denotes a master's thesis \cr
+ 18 & denotes a phd thesis \cr
+ \noalign{\hrule\hrule}
+ }}
+$$
+Besides, macros for month names, edition numbers, and ``chapter'' names are
+defined. (The |\abedition| command may be extended for higher edition numbers
+and called directly or---better---via |@STRING| declarations in the \.{bib}
+files).
+
+For all these commands there exists a ``full'' and an ``abbreviated''
+version. The |\ifabfull| switch is automatically defined by the adaptable
+styles in front of the preamble and tells which version to use.
+
+Furthermore, phrases can be supplied for various languages. For now, English
+and German versions are available, but other languages might be implemented
+similarly. If you carry out such an implementation, {\sl watch out for
+spaces\/} that may be significant.
+
+\sect Here is the English version:
+
+\beginprog
+\ifabfull
+
+\gdef\abetc@english{
+
+\def\abphrase##1{%
+\ifcase##1{ and }\or{,}\or{ et~al.}\or{, editors}\or{, editor}\or%
+{ of }\or{ in }\or{In }\or{volume}\or{Volume}\or{number}\or{Number}\or%
+{ edition}\or{pages}\or{page}\or{chapter}\or%
+{Technical Report}\or{Master's thesis}\or{PhD thesis}\fi}
+
+\def\abmonth##1{\ifcase##1\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or
+ June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi}
+
+\def\abedition##1{\ifcase##1\or First\or Second\or Third\or Fourth\or Fifth\or
+ Sixth\or Seventh\or Eighth\or Ninth\or Tenth\else?\fi}
+
+\def\abchapter##1{\ifcase##1Section\or Paragraph\or Appendix\or Part\fi}
+
+}
+
+\else
+
+\gdef\abetc@english{
+
+\def\abphrase##1{%
+\ifcase##1{ and }\or{,}\or{ et~al.}\or{, editors}\or{, editor}\or%
+{ of }\or{ in }\or{In }\or{vol.}\or{Vol.}\or{no.}\or{No.}\or%
+{ ed.}\or{pp.}\or{p.}\or{ch.}\or%
+{Technical Report}\or{Master's thesis}\or{PhD thesis}\fi}
+
+\def\abmonth##1{\ifcase##1\or Jan.\or Feb.\or Mar.\or Apr.\or May\or June\or
+ July\or Aug.\or Sept.\or Oct.\or Nov.\or Dec.\fi}
+
+\def\abedition##1{\ifcase##1\or 1st\or 2nd\or 3rd\or 4th\or 5th\or
+ 6th\or 7th\or 8th\or 9th\or 10th\else?\fi}
+
+\def\abchapter##1{\ifcase##1Sec.\or Par.\or App.\or Part\fi}
+
+}
+
+\fi
+\endprog
+
+\sect And here is the German version, in which again we bear in mind the
+potential case that the current language is German but double-quotes are not
+active. Thus, we use |{\kern0pt}| instead of \.{"\vbar} (from
+\.{german.sty}) to get rid of ligatures and |\"| instead of |"| (ditto) for
+umlauts.
+
+\beginprog
+\ifabfull
+
+\gdef\abetc@german{
+
+\def\abphrase##1{%
+\ifcase##1{ und }\or{}\or{ und andere}\or{ (Herausgeber)}\or{ (Herausgeber)}\or%
+{ aus }\or{ in }\or{In }\or{Band}\or{Band}\or{Nummer}\or{Nummer}\or%
+{ Auf{\kern0pt}lage}\or{Seiten}\or{Seite}\or{Kapitel}\or%
+{Bericht}\or{Diplomarbeit}\or{Dissertation}\fi}
+
+\def\abmonth##1{\ifcase##1\or Januar\or Februar\or M\"arz\or April\or Mai\or
+ Juni\or Juli\or August\or September\or Oktober\or November\or Dezember\fi}
+
+\def\abedition##1{\ifcase##1\or Erste\or Zweite\or Dritte\or Vierte\or F\"unf\-te\or
+ Sechste\or Siebte\or Achte\or Neunte\or Zehnte\else?\fi}
+
+\def\abchapter##1{\ifcase##1Abschnitt\or Absatz\or Anhang\or Teil\fi}
+
+}
+
+\else
+
+\gdef\abetc@german{
+
+\def\abphrase##1{%
+\ifcase##1{ und }\or{}\or{ u.\thinspace a.}\or{ (Hrsg.)}\or{ (Hrsg.)}\or%
+{ aus }\or{ in }\or{In }\or{Bd.}\or{Bd.}\or{Nr.}\or{Nr.}\or%
+{ Aufl.}\or{S.}\or{S.}\or{Kap.}\or%
+{Bericht}\or{Diplomarbeit}\or{Dissertation}\fi}
+
+\def\abmonth##1{\ifcase##1\or Jan.\or Feb.\or M\"arz\or Apr.\or Mai\or
+ Juni\or Juli\or Aug.\or Sep.\or Okt.\or Nov.\or Dez.\fi}
+
+\def\abedition##1{\ifcase##1\or 1.\or 2.\or 3.\or 4.\or 5.\or
+ 6.\or 7.\or 8.\or 9.\or 10.\else?\fi}
+
+\def\abchapter##1{\ifcase##1Abschn.\or Abs.\or Anh.\or Teil\fi}
+
+}
+
+\fi
+\endprog
+
+\chap Establishing a language switch. %---------------------------------------
+Now we have reached the point where we have to decide which of the language
+versions defined above to use. We like to make this decision automatically,
+without bothering the user with the declaration of an extra language
+command. This, however, is a somewhat delicate task since, although \TeX~3
+defines a |\language| counter, it doesn't say which code belongs to a given
+actual language (and, in addition, what about former \TeX\ versions?).
+
+It will come out that at least two groups of users should agree with our way
+to handle this: those who always write English documents and those who use
+the \.{german.sty} macro package. If we detect that \.{german.sty} is loaded
+we follow the codes defined there, otherwise we create an English
+bibliography. (Due to this, \.{german.sty} clearly has to be loaded before
+\.{apreambl.tex}---if at all---; this should be no problem with \LaTeX\
+where |german| is a document-style option, but with plain \TeX, take care
+that |\input german.sty| comes before |\bibliography{...}| if necessary.)
+
+Incidentally, the checking of certain conditions and the definitions made in
+the following are stolen from \.{german.sty}.
+
+First, if |\language| has not yet been declared we allocate a counter:
+
+\beginprog
+\expandafter\ifx\csname language\endcsname\relax % \ifundefined{language}
+ \csname newcount\endcsname\language
+\fi
+\endprog
+
+\sect If the macro |\mdqon| is undefined or is equal to |\relax|, it is
+assumed that \.{german.sty} is not included. In this case we define language
+codes according to \.{german.sty} and select |\USenglish| as the default
+setting. The |\chardef| declarations for the other languages aren't really
+necessary for \.{apreambl}, but in this manner the user can rely on the
+fact that |\USenglish|, |\german|, |\austrian|, |\french|, and |\english| are
+defined and have appropriate meanings whether \.{german.sty} is loaded or
+not; so, he or she can make use of them in his or her \.{bib} files for
+special purposes.
+
+A slight surprise came about when \.{german.sty}, version 2.4a, was
+released: the control sequences above disappeared and are replaced by
+|\l@USenglish| etc. Furthermore, one can't rely on certain values for these
+anymore. To fix this problem quickly, we check for that new control
+sequences, if \.{german.sty} is loaded, and in case define the old ones
+appropriately (this may be changed in the future). Thus, \.{apreambl} should
+work with old and new versions of \.{german.sty}.
+
+\beginprog
+\expandafter\ifx\csname mdqon\endcsname\relax % \ifundefined{mdqon}
+ \chardef\USenglish=0
+ \chardef\german=1
+ \chardef\austrian=1
+ \chardef\french=2
+ \chardef\english=0
+ \language\USenglish
+\else
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname l@USenglish\endcsname\relax \else
+ \chardef\USenglish=\l@USenglish\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname l@german\endcsname\relax \else
+ \chardef\german=\l@german\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname l@austrian\endcsname\relax \else
+ \chardef\austrian=\l@austrian\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname l@french\endcsname\relax \else
+ \chardef\french=\l@french\fi
+ \expandafter\ifx\csname l@english\endcsname\relax \else
+ \chardef\english=\l@english\fi
+\fi
+\endprog
+
+\sect Finally, depending on the language switch and the abbreviation mode, one
+of the macro sets is chosen. (At the moment, since only English and German
+macro versions are available, the German versions are used for |\german| and
+|\austrian|, and the English versions are used for all other languages.)
+
+\beginprog
+\ifnum\language=\german
+ \abtype@german \abetc@german
+\else\ifnum\language=\austrian
+ \abtype@german \abetc@german
+\else
+ \abtype@english \abetc@english
+\fi\fi
+\endprog
+
+\chap Postlude. %-------------------------------------------------------------
+At the very end, we restore the |\catcode| of~|@| and force the end of
+inputting this file.
+
+\beginprog
+\catcode`\@=\csname__APREAMBLE_TEX\endcsname
+\endinput
+\endprog
+
+%-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+\contentspage
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/btxabst.doc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/btxabst.doc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2829e8a6101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/btxabst.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,2878 @@
+% BibTeX `adaptable' family
+ % version 1.10 derived by Hans-Hermann Bode (H2B), Osnabr\"uck,
+ % (BitNet/EARN: HHBODE@DOSUNI1)
+ % from the `plain' family version 0.99b.
+ % The copying statement declared below extends to this file also with
+ % the file names btxabst.doc, aplain.bst, aunsrt.bst, aalpha.bst,
+ % aabbrv.bst, anotit.bst, and aunsnot.bst added.
+% BibTeX `plain' family
+ % version 0.99b for BibTeX versions 0.99a or later, LaTeX version 2.09.
+ % Copyright (C) 1985, all rights reserved.
+ % Copying of this file is authorized only if either
+ % (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy, including name, or
+ % (2) if you do make changes, you name it something other than
+ % btxbst.doc, plain.bst, unsrt.bst, alpha.bst, and abbrv.bst.
+ % This restriction helps ensure that all standard styles are identical.
+ % The file btxbst.doc has the documentation for this style.
+% Please notify Oren Patashnik (PATASHNIK@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU) of any bugs in
+% these standard styles or in this documentation file.
+%
+% This is file btxbxt.doc; it helps document bibliography styles,
+% and is also a template file that you can use to make
+% several different style files, if you have access to a C preprocessor.
+% For example, the standard styles were made by doing something like
+% cpp -P -DAPLAIN btxabst.doc aplain.txt
+% cpp -P -DAUNSRT btxabst.doc aunsrt.txt
+% cpp -P -DAALPHA btxabst.doc aalpha.txt
+% cpp -P -DAABBRV btxabst.doc aabbrv.txt
+% cpp -P -DANOTIT btxabst.doc anotit.txt
+% cpp -P -DAUNSNOT btxabst.doc aunsnot.txt
+% and then renaming after removing unwanted comments and blank lines.
+% If you don't have access,
+% you can edit this file by hand to imitate the preprocessor,
+% with the following explanation of the C preprocessor constructs used here.
+%
+% The output of the preprocessor is the same as the input, except that certain
+% lines will be excluded (and some blank lines will be added). The sequence
+% #if VAR
+% lines to be included when VAR is not zero
+% #else
+% lines to be included when VAR is zero
+% #endif
+% (with the #-signs appearing in column 1) means that one set or the other of
+% the lines are to be included depending on the value of VAR.
+% The #else part is optional. Comments can be added after #else and #endif.
+% Variables can be set by
+% #define VAR value
+% and one can also use #ifdef VAR to see if VAR has any value, and #ifndef
+% to see if it has none.
+% Another #if form used in this file is #if !VAR, which includes the lines
+% after the #if only if VAR is zero.
+%
+% Convention: Use all uppercase identifiers for these preprocessor variables
+% so you can spot them easily
+%
+% The command line to the preprocessor should define one of APLAIN, AUNSRT, AALPHA
+% or AABBRV (though APLAIN will be used by default if none is given),
+% and the following lines will set various boolean variables to control the
+% various lines that are chosen from the rest of the file.
+% Each boolean variable should be set true (1) or false (0) in each style.
+% Here are the current variables, and their meanings:
+% LAB_ALPH: an alphabetic label is used (if false then a numeric
+% label is used)
+% SORTED: the entries should be sorted by label (if nonnumeric)
+% and other info, like authors (if false, then
+% entries remain in order of occurrence)
+% NAME_FULL: the authors, editors, etc., get the full names as
+% given in the bibliography file (if false, the first
+% names become initials)
+% ATIT_LOWER: titles of non-"books" (e.g., articles) should be
+% converted to lower-case, except the first letter or
+% first letter after a colon
+% (if false then they appear as in the database)
+% MONTH_FULL: months are spelled out in full (if false, then
+% they're abbreviated); now used generally for
+% distinction between ``full'' and ``abbreviated''
+% styles (H2B)
+% JOUR_FULL: macro journal names are spelled out in full
+% (if false then they are abbreviated, currently
+% as they appear in ACM publications); no more used
+% (H2B)
+% NO_TITLE: the titles of articles, incollections, inproceedings
+% and techreports are omitted, if there are other
+% informations to identify the work cited (added by H2B)
+%
+#ifndef AUNSRT
+# ifndef AALPHA
+# ifndef AABBRV
+# ifndef ANOTIT
+# ifndef AUNSNOT
+# define APLAIN 1
+# endif
+# endif
+# endif
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifdef APLAIN
+% aplain style (sorted numbers)
+# define LAB_ALPH 0
+# define SORTED 1
+# define NAME_FULL 1
+# define ATIT_LOWER 1
+# define MONTH_FULL 1
+# define JOUR_FULL 1
+# define NO_TITLE 0
+#endif
+#ifdef AUNSRT
+% aunsrt style (unsorted numbers)
+# define LAB_ALPH 0
+# define SORTED 0
+# define NAME_FULL 1
+# define ATIT_LOWER 1
+# define MONTH_FULL 1
+# define JOUR_FULL 1
+# define NO_TITLE 0
+#endif
+#ifdef AALPHA
+% aalpha style (sorted short alphabetics)
+# define LAB_ALPH 1
+# define SORTED 1
+# define NAME_FULL 1
+# define ATIT_LOWER 1
+# define MONTH_FULL 1
+# define JOUR_FULL 1
+# define NO_TITLE 0
+#endif
+#ifdef AABBRV
+% aabbrv style (sorted numbers, with abbreviations)
+# define LAB_ALPH 0
+# define SORTED 1
+# define NAME_FULL 0
+# define ATIT_LOWER 1
+# define MONTH_FULL 0
+# define JOUR_FULL 0
+# define NO_TITLE 0
+#endif
+#ifdef ANOTIT
+% anotit style (sorted numbers, with abbreviations, no article titles)
+# define LAB_ALPH 0
+# define SORTED 1
+# define NAME_FULL 0
+# define ATIT_LOWER 1
+# define MONTH_FULL 0
+# define JOUR_FULL 0
+# define NO_TITLE 1
+#endif
+#ifdef AUNSNOT
+% aunsnot style (unsorted numbers, with abbreviations, no article titles)
+# define LAB_ALPH 0
+# define SORTED 0
+# define NAME_FULL 0
+# define ATIT_LOWER 1
+# define MONTH_FULL 0
+# define JOUR_FULL 0
+# define NO_TITLE 1
+#endif
+%
+% Entry formatting: Similar to that recommended by Mary-Claire van Leunen
+% in "A Handbook for Scholars". Book-like titles are italicized
+% (emphasized) and non-book titles are converted to sentence
+% capitilization (and not enclosed in quotes).
+% This file outputs a \newblock between major blocks of an entry
+% (the name \newblock is analogous to the names \newline and \newpage)
+% so that the user can obtain an "open" format, which has a line break
+% before each block and lines after the first are indented within blocks,
+% by giving the optional \documentstyle argument `openbib';
+% The default is the "closed" format---blocks runs together.
+%
+% Citation alphabetic label format:
+% [Knu73] for single author (or editor or key)
+% [AHU83] (first letters of last names) for multiple authors
+%
+% Citation label numberic format:
+% [number]
+%
+% Reference list ordering for sorted, alphabetic lables:
+% alphabetical by citation label, then by author(s) or whatever
+% passes for author in the absence of one, then by year,
+% then title
+%
+% Reference list ordering for sorted, numeric lables:
+% alphabetical by author(s) or whatever passes
+% for author in the absence of one, then by year, then title
+%
+% Reference list ordering for unsorted:
+% by the order cited in the text
+%
+% History
+% 12/16/84 (HWT) Original `plain' version, by Howard Trickey.
+% 12/23/84 (LL) Some comments made by Leslie Lamport.
+% 2/16/85 (OP) Changes based on LL's comments, Oren Patashnik.
+% 2/17/85 (HWT) Template file and other standard styles made.
+% 3/28/85 (OP) First release, version 0.98b for BibTeX 0.98f.
+% 5/ 9/85 (OP) Version 0.98c for BibTeX 0.98i:
+% fixed Theoretical Computer Science macro name;
+% fixed the format.vol.num.pages function.
+% 1/24/88 (OP) Version 0.99a for BibTeX 0.99a, main changes:
+% assignment operator (:=) arguments reversed;
+% the preamble$ function outputs the database PREAMBLE;
+% entry.max$ and global.max$ (built-in) variables replace
+% entry.string.max and global.string.max functions;
+% alphabetizing by year then title, not just title;
+% many unnecessary ties removed; \it ==> \em;
+% the `alpha' style uses a superscripted `+' instead of a
+% `*' for unnamed names in constructing the label;
+% the `abbrv' style now uses "Mar." and "Sept.";
+% the functions calc.label and presort now look at just
+% the fields they're supposed to;
+% BOOKLET, MASTERSTHESIS, TECHREPORT use nonbook titles;
+% INBOOK and INCOLLECTION take an optional type (e.g.
+% type = "Section"), overriding the default "chapter";
+% BOOK, INBOOK, INCOLLECTION, and PROCEEDINGS now allow
+% either volume or number, not just volume;
+% INCOLLECTION now allows an edition and series field;
+% PROCEEDINGS and INPROCEEDINGS now use the address field
+% to tell where a conference was held;
+% INPROCEEDINGS and PROCEEDINGS now allow either volume
+% or number, and also a series field;
+% MASTERSTHESIS and PHDTHESIS accept types other than
+% "Master's thesis" and "PhD thesis";
+% UNPUBLISHED now outputs, in one block, note then date;
+% MANUAL now prints out the organization in
+% the first block if the author field is empty;
+% MISC can't be empty---it requires some optional field.
+% 3/23/88 (OP) Version 0.99b for BibTeX 0.99c---changed the three
+% erroneous occurrences of `cite ' to `cite$ '; this
+% change didn't affect the four standard styles, so the
+% 0.99a versions of those styles are still current.
+% 5/11/91 (H2B) Version 1.00 of the `b' style family by
+% Hans-Hermann Bode with the following changes and
+% extensions: renaming the styles, adding a `anotit'
+% style; adding an output.state named continue.sentence
+% and a new.clause function; setting author names in
+% small caps, putting booktitles in quotes rather than
+% to emphasize them, boldfacing volume numbers of
+% journals, including date specification in parentheses,
+% discarding macros for journal names.
+% 6/15/91 (H2B) Version 1.10 of the `adaptable' style family (which
+% replaces the `b' style family) with adaptable
+% type styles, phrases, conjunctions etc., new macros
+% for edition numbers and ``chapter'' names and a new
+% `aunsnot' style.
+%
+% The ENTRY declaration
+% Like Scribe's (according to pages 231-2 of the April '84 edition),
+% but no fullauthor or editors fields because BibTeX does name handling.
+% The annote field is commented out here because this family doesn't
+% include an annotated bibliography style. And in addition to the fields
+% listed here, BibTeX has a built-in crossref field, explained later.
+
+ENTRY
+% Fields:
+ { address
+% Usually the address of a publisher or other type of organization.
+% Put information in this field only if it helps the reader find the
+% thing---for example you should omit the address of a major
+% publisher entirely. For a PROCEEDINGS or an INPROCEEDINGS,
+% however, it's the address of the conference; for those two entry
+% types, include the publisher's or organization's address, if
+% necessary, in the publisher or organization field.
+% annote
+% Long annotation---for annotated bibliographies (begins sentence).
+ author
+% Name(s) of author(s), in BibTeX name format.
+ booktitle
+% Book title when the thing being referenced isn't the whole book.
+% For book entries, the title field should be used instead.
+ chapter
+% Chapter (or section or whatever) number.
+ edition
+% Edition of a book---should be an ordinal (e.g., "Second").
+ editor
+% Name(s) of editor(s), in BibTeX name format.
+% If there is also an author field, then the editor field should be
+% for the book or collection that the work appears in.
+ howpublished
+% How something strange has been published (begins sentence).
+ institution
+% Sponsoring institution of a technical report.
+ journal
+% Journal name (macros are provided for many).
+ key
+% Alphabetizing, labeling, and cross-referencing key
+% (needed when an entry has no author or editor).
+ month
+% Month (macros are provided).
+ note
+% To help the reader find a reference (begins sentence).
+ number
+% Number of a journal or technical report, or of a work in a series.
+ organization
+% Organization sponsoring a conference (or publishing a manual); if
+% the editor (or author) is empty, and if the organization produces
+% an awkward label or cross reference, you should put appropriately
+% condensed organization information in the key field as well.
+ pages
+% Page number or numbers (use `--' to separate a range, use `+'
+% to indicate pages following that don't form a simple range).
+ publisher
+% Publisher name.
+ school
+% School name (for theses).
+ series
+% The name of a series or set of books.
+% An individual book will will also have it's own title.
+ title
+% The title of the thing you're referred to.
+ type
+% Type of a Techreport (e.g., "Research Note") to be used instead of
+% the default "Technical Report"; or, similarly, the type of a
+% thesis; or of a part of a book.
+ volume
+% The volume number of a journal or multivolume work.
+ year
+% The year should contain only numerals (technically, it should end
+% with four numerals, after purification; doesn't a begin sentence).
+ }
+% There are no integer entry variables
+ {}
+% These string entry variables are used to form the citation label.
+% In a storage pinch, sort.label can be easily computed on the fly.
+#if LAB_ALPH
+#if SORTED
+ { label extra.label sort.label }
+#else !SORTED
+% It doesn't seem like a good idea to use an order-of-citation
+% reference list when using alphabetic labels, but when this happens
+% we do things a little differently
+ { label }
+#endif SORTED
+#else !LAB_ALPH
+ { label }
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+
+% The following macros have to be defined by the user (e.g., with the
+% expansions given below) for formatting of certain fields and to replace the
+% constant built-in strings for phrases, conjunctions etc. This makes the
+% BibTeX style files adaptable---a feature introduced by H2B.
+%
+% The type style of certain fields is determined by the \abtype command. The
+% first parameter is a number, that denotes the field in question, namely:
+% 0 author and editor names,
+% 1 titles of books and series,
+% 2 journal titles,
+% 3 journal volumes,
+% 4 journal numbers, and
+% 5 dates.
+% The second parameter is the text to format. Hence, the type style macro
+% could be something like:
+% \def\abtype#1#2{%
+% \ifcase#1{\sc#2}\or``#2''\or{\em#2\/}\or{\bf#2}\or(#2)\or(#2)\else#2\fi}
+% The \else clause returns the text unformatted, if the command is called with
+% an undefined field number (which is not used in this file).
+%
+% Phrases are defined by the \abphrase command. The only parameter is a code
+% for the phrase:
+% 0 conjunction between two or before the last name of a name list
+% 1 comes before the last conjunction of a name list
+% 2 replaces names of co-authors and co-editors (``et al.'')
+% 3 marks multiple editors
+% 4 marks a single editor
+% 5 ``of'' for a volume of a series or crossref
+% 6 ``in'' for a number in a series
+% 7 ``In'' for crossrefs to books, articles, etc.
+% 8 comes before a volume number, lower-case
+% 9 comes before a volume number, upper-case
+% 10 comes before a series number, lower-case
+% 11 comes before a series number, upper-case
+% 12 comes after an edition number
+% 13 comes before multiple page numbers
+% 14 comes before a single page number
+% 15 comes before a chapter number
+% 16 denotes a technical report
+% 17 denotes a master's thesis
+% 18 denotes a phd thesis
+% An appropriate definition of the phrases macro would be:
+% \def\abphrase#1{%
+% \ifcase#1{ and }\or{,}\or{ et~al.}\or{, editors}\or{, editor}\or%
+% { of }\or{ in }\or{In }\or{volume}\or{Volume}\or{number}\or{Number}\or%
+% { edition}\or{pages}\or{page}\or{chapter}\or%
+% {Technical Report}\or{Master's thesis}\or{PhD thesis}\fi}
+
+% Each entry function starts by calling output.bibitem, to write the
+% \bibitem and its arguments to the .BBL file. Then the various fields
+% are formatted and printed by output or output.check. Those functions
+% handle the writing of separators (commas, periods, \newblock's),
+% taking care not to do so when they are passed a null string.
+% Finally, fin.entry is called to add the final period and finish the
+% entry.
+%
+% A bibliographic reference is formatted into a number of `blocks':
+% in the open format, a block begins on a new line and subsequent
+% lines of the block are indented. A block may contain more than
+% one sentence (well, not a grammatical sentence, but something to
+% be ended with a sentence ending period). The entry functions should
+% call new.block whenever a block other than the first is about to be
+% started. They should call new.sentence whenever a new sentence is
+% to be started. The output functions will ensure that if two
+% new.sentence's occur without any non-null string being output between
+% them then there won't be two periods output. Similarly for two
+% successive new.block's.
+%
+% The output routines don't write their argument immediately.
+% Instead, by convention, that argument is saved on the stack to be
+% output next time (when we'll know what separator needs to come
+% after it). Meanwhile, the output routine has to pop the pending
+% output off the stack, append any needed separator, and write it.
+%
+% To tell which separator is needed, we maintain an output.state.
+% It will be one of these values:
+% before.all just after the \bibitem
+% continue.sentence in the middle of a sentence: blank---no
+% comma---needed if more sentence is
+% output (value added by H2B)
+% mid.sentence in the middle of a sentence: comma needed
+% if more sentence is output
+% after.sentence just after a sentence: period needed
+% after.block just after a block (and sentence):
+% period and \newblock needed.
+% Note: These styles don't use after.sentence.
+% This note doesn't apply really (H2B).
+%
+% VAR: output.state : INTEGER -- state variable for output
+%
+% The output.nonnull function saves its argument (assumed to be nonnull)
+% on the stack, and writes the old saved value followed by any needed
+% separator. The ordering of the tests is decreasing frequency of
+% occurrence.
+%
+% output.nonnull(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% s := argument on stack
+% if output.state = continue.sentence then -- added by H2B
+% write$(pop() * " ") -- dto.
+% -- "pop" isn't a function: just use stack top
+% else
+% if output.state = mid.sentence then
+% write$(pop() * ", ")
+% else
+% if output.state = after.block then
+% write$(add.period$(pop()))
+% newline$
+% write$("\newblock ")
+% else
+% if output.state = before.all then
+% write$(pop())
+% else -- output.state should be after.sentence
+% write$(add.period$(pop()) * " ")
+% fi
+% fi
+% fi
+% output.state := continue.sentence
+% fi
+% push s on stack
+% END
+%
+% The output function calls output.nonnull if its argument is non-empty;
+% its argument may be a missing field (thus, not necessarily a string)
+%
+% output(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if not empty$(s) then output.nonnull(s)
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% The output.check function is the same as the output function except that, if
+% necessary, output.check warns the user that the t field shouldn't be empty
+% (this is because it probably won't be a good reference without the field;
+% the entry functions try to make the formatting look reasonable even when
+% such fields are empty).
+%
+% output.check(s,t) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then
+% warning$("empty " * t * " in " * cite$)
+% else output.nonnull(s)
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% The output.bibitem function writes the \bibitem for the current entry
+% (the label should already have been set up), and sets up the separator
+% state for the output functions. And, it leaves a string on the stack
+% as per the output convention.
+%
+% output.bibitem ==
+% BEGIN
+% newline$
+% write$("\bibitem[") % for alphabetic labels,
+% write$(label) % these three lines
+% write$("]{") % are used
+% write$("\bibitem{") % this line for numeric labels
+% write$(cite$)
+% write$("}")
+% push "" on stack
+% output.state := before.all
+% END
+%
+% The fin.entry function finishes off an entry by adding a period to the
+% string remaining on the stack. If the state is still before.all
+% then nothing was produced for this entry, so the result will look bad,
+% but the user deserves it. (We don't omit the whole entry because the
+% entry was cited, and a bibitem is needed to define the citation label.)
+%
+% fin.entry ==
+% BEGIN
+% write$(add.period$(pop()))
+% newline$
+% END
+%
+% The new.block function prepares for a new block to be output, and
+% new.sentence prepares for a new sentence.
+% Added by H2B was new.clause, that prepares for a new subordinate clause.
+%
+% new.block ==
+% BEGIN
+% if output.state <> before.all then
+% output.state := after.block
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% new.sentence ==
+% BEGIN
+% if output.state <> after.block then
+% if output.state <> before.all then
+% output.state := after.sentence
+% fi
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% new.clause ==
+% BEGIN
+% if output.state <> after.sentence then
+% if output.state <> after.block then
+% if output.state <> before.all then
+% output.state := mid.sentence
+% fi
+% fi
+% fi
+% END
+%
+
+INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block
+ continue.sentence }
+
+FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
+{ #0 'before.all :=
+ #1 'mid.sentence :=
+ #2 'after.sentence :=
+ #3 'after.block :=
+ #4 'continue.sentence :=
+}
+
+% the variables s and t are temporary string holders
+
+STRINGS { s t }
+
+FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
+{ 's :=
+ output.state continue.sentence =
+ { " " * write$ }
+ { output.state mid.sentence =
+ { ", " * write$ }
+ { output.state after.block =
+ { add.period$ write$
+ newline$
+ "\newblock " write$
+ }
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'write$
+ { add.period$ " " * write$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ continue.sentence 'output.state :=
+ }
+ if$
+ s
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.check}
+{ 't :=
+ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'output.nonnull
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
+{ newline$
+#if LAB_ALPH
+ "\bibitem[" write$
+ label write$
+ "]{" write$
+#else
+ "\bibitem{" write$
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+ cite$ write$
+ "}" write$
+ newline$
+ ""
+ before.all 'output.state :=
+}
+
+% This function finishes all entries.
+
+FUNCTION {fin.entry}
+{ add.period$
+ write$
+ newline$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block}
+{ output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.block 'output.state := }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence}
+{ output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { after.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.clause}
+{ output.state after.sentence =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state after.block =
+ 'skip$
+ { output.state before.all =
+ 'skip$
+ { mid.sentence 'output.state := }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% These three functions pop one or two (integer) arguments from the stack
+% and push a single one, either 0 or 1.
+% The 'skip$ in the `and' and `or' functions are used because
+% the corresponding if$ would be idempotent
+
+FUNCTION {not}
+{ { #0 }
+ { #1 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {and}
+{ 'skip$
+ { pop$ #0 }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {or}
+{ { pop$ #1 }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+% Sometimes we begin a new block only if the block will be big enough. The
+% new.block.checka function issues a new.block if its argument is nonempty;
+% new.block.checkb does the same if either of its TWO arguments is nonempty.
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.block
+ if$
+}
+
+% The new.sentence.check functions are analogous.
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.sentence
+ if$
+}
+
+% And the new.clause.check functions, which were added by H2B, also.
+
+FUNCTION {new.clause.checka}
+{ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.clause
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {new.clause.checkb}
+{ empty$
+ swap$ empty$
+ and
+ 'skip$
+ 'new.clause
+ if$
+}
+
+% Here are some functions for formatting chunks of an entry.
+% By convention they either produce a string that can be followed by
+% a comma or period (using add.period$, so it is OK to end in a period),
+% or they produce the null string.
+%
+% A useful utility is the field.or.null function, which checks if the
+% argument is the result of pushing a `missing' field (one for which no
+% assignment was made when the current entry was read in from the database)
+% or the result of pushing a string having no non-white-space characters.
+% It returns the null string if so, otherwise it returns the field string.
+% Its main (but not only) purpose is to guarantee that what's left on the
+% stack is a string rather than a missing field.
+%
+% field.or.null(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then return ""
+% else return s
+% END
+%
+% Another helper function is emphasize, which returns the argument emphazised,
+% if that is non-empty, otherwise it returns the null string. Italic
+% corrections aren't used, so this function should be used when punctation
+% will follow the result. In contrast to the last sentence, now italic
+% corrections are always used (H2B).
+%
+% emphasize(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then return ""
+% else return "{\em " * s * "\/}"
+% END
+%
+% Similar to emphasize is capitalize, from which the argument comes out in
+% small caps. This function was added by H2B.
+%
+% capitalize(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then return ""
+% else return "{\sc " * s * "}"
+% END
+%
+% And here is another such function---added by H2B---, that returns a boldface
+% string.
+%
+% boldface(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then return ""
+% else return "{\bf " * s * "}"
+% END
+%
+% The function quote will put its argument string in quotes (added by H2B).
+%
+% quote(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then return ""
+% else return "``" * s * "''"
+% END
+%
+% And parentheses includes it in parentheses (added by H2B).
+%
+% parentheses(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then return ""
+% else return "(" * s * ")"
+% END
+%
+% The format.names function formats the argument (which should be in
+% BibTeX name format) into "First Von Last, Junior", separated by commas
+% and with an "and" before the last (but ending with "et~al." if the last
+% of multiple authors is "others"). This function's argument should always
+% contain at least one name.
+%
+% VAR: nameptr, namesleft, numnames: INTEGER
+% pseudoVAR: nameresult: STRING (it's what's accumulated on the stack)
+%
+% format.names(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% nameptr := 1
+% numnames := num.names$(s)
+% namesleft := numnames
+% while namesleft > 0
+% do
+% % for full names:
+% t := format.name$(s, nameptr, "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}")
+% % for abbreviated first names:
+% t := format.name$(s, nameptr, "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}")
+% if nameptr > 1 then
+% if namesleft > 1 then nameresult := nameresult * ", " * t
+% else if numnames > 2
+% then nameresult := nameresult * ","
+% fi
+% if t = "others"
+% then nameresult := nameresult * " et~al."
+% else nameresult := nameresult * " and " * t
+% fi
+% fi
+% else nameresult := t
+% fi
+% nameptr := nameptr + 1
+% namesleft := namesleft - 1
+% od
+% return nameresult
+% END
+%
+% The format.authors function returns the result of format.names(author)
+% if the author is present, or else it returns the null string.
+% Capitalization of names added by H2B.
+%
+% format.authors ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(author) then return ""
+% else return capitalize(format.names(author))
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% Format.editors is like format.authors, but it uses the editor field,
+% and appends ", editor" or ", editors".
+% Capitalization of names added by H2B.
+%
+% format.editors ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(editor) then return ""
+% else
+% if num.names$(editor) > 1 then
+% return capitalize(format.names(editor)) * ", editors"
+% else
+% return capitalize(format.names(editor)) * ", editor"
+% fi
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% Other formatting functions are similar, so no "comment version" will be
+% given for them.
+%
+% The `pop$' in this function gets rid of the duplicate `empty' value and
+% the `skip$' returns the duplicate field value
+
+FUNCTION {field.or.null}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {emphasize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\abtype{2}{" swap$ * "}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {capitalize}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\abtype{0}{" swap$ * "}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {boldface}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\abtype{3}{" swap$ * "}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {quote}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\abtype{1}{" swap$ * "}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {parentheses}
+{ duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ "" }
+ { "\abtype{5}{" swap$ * "}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }
+
+FUNCTION {format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+#if NAME_FULL
+ { s nameptr "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+#else
+ { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
+#endif NAME_FULL
+ nameptr #1 >
+ { namesleft #1 >
+ { ", " * t * }
+ { numnames #2 >
+ { "\abphrase{1}" * } %H2B
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ t "others" =
+ { "\abphrase{2}" * } %H2B
+ { "\abphrase{0}" * t * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ 't
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.authors}
+{ author empty$
+ { "" }
+ { author format.names capitalize }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {format.editors}
+{ editor empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor format.names capitalize
+ editor num.names$ #1 >
+ { "\abphrase{3}" * } %H2B
+ { "\abphrase{4}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.title function is used for non-book-like titles.
+% For most styles we convert to lowercase (except for the very first letter,
+% and except for the first one after a colon (followed by whitespace)),
+% and hope the user has brace-surrounded words that need to stay capitilized;
+% for some styles, however, we leave it as it is in the database.
+
+FUNCTION {format.title}
+{ title empty$
+ { "" }
+#if ATIT_LOWER
+ { title "t" change.case$ }
+#else
+ 'title
+#endif ATIT_LOWER
+ if$
+}
+
+% By default, BibTeX sets the global integer variable global.max$ to the BibTeX
+% constant glob_str_size, the maximum length of a global string variable.
+% Analogously, BibTeX sets the global integer variable entry.max$ to
+% ent_str_size, the maximum length of an entry string variable.
+% The style designer may change these if necessary (but this is unlikely)
+
+% The n.dashify function makes each single `-' in a string a double `--'
+% if it's not already
+%
+% pseudoVAR: pageresult: STRING (it's what's accumulated on the stack)
+%
+% n.dashify(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% t := s
+% pageresult := ""
+% while (not empty$(t))
+% do
+% if (first character of t = "-")
+% then
+% if (next character isn't)
+% then
+% pageresult := pageresult * "--"
+% t := t with the "-" removed
+% else
+% while (first character of t = "-")
+% do
+% pageresult := pageresult * "-"
+% t := t with the "-" removed
+% od
+% fi
+% else
+% pageresult := pageresult * the first character
+% t := t with the first character removed
+% fi
+% od
+% return pageresult
+% END
+
+FUNCTION {n.dashify}
+{ 't :=
+ ""
+ { t empty$ not }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
+ { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
+ { "--" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ { { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
+ { "-" *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ while$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$ *
+ t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+% The format.date function is for the month and year, but we give a warning if
+% there's an empty year but the month is there, and we return the empty string
+% if they're both empty.
+% The resulting string is enclosed in parentheses (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.date}
+{ year empty$
+ { month empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
+ month parentheses
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { month empty$
+ { year parentheses }
+ { month " " * year * parentheses }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.btitle is for formatting the title field when it is a book-like
+% entry---the style used here keeps it in uppers-and-lowers and emphasizes it.
+% The emphasis will be done by quotation marks (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.btitle}
+{ title quote
+}
+
+% For several functions we'll need to connect two strings with a
+% tie (~) if the second one isn't very long (fewer than 3 characters).
+% The tie.or.space.connect function does that. It concatenates the two
+% strings on top of the stack, along with either a tie or space between
+% them, and puts this concatenation back onto the stack:
+%
+% tie.or.space.connect(str1,str2) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if text.length$(str2) < 3
+% then return the concatenation of str1, "~", and str2
+% else return the concatenation of str1, " ", and str2
+% END
+
+FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
+{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
+ { "~" }
+ { " " }
+ if$
+ swap$ * *
+}
+
+% The either.or.check function complains if both fields or an either-or pair
+% are nonempty.
+%
+% either.or.check(t,s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(s) then
+% warning$(can't use both " * t * " fields in " * cite$)
+% fi
+% END
+
+FUNCTION {either.or.check}
+{ empty$
+ 'pop$
+ { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.bvolume function is for formatting the volume and perhaps
+% series name of a multivolume work. If both a volume and a series field
+% are there, we assume the series field is the title of the whole multivolume
+% work (the title field should be the title of the thing being referred to),
+% and we add an "of <series>". This function is called in mid-sentence.
+% The emphasis will be done by quotation marks (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "" }
+ { "\abphrase{8}" volume tie.or.space.connect %H2B
+ series empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "\abphrase{5}" * series quote * } %H2B
+ if$
+ "volume and number" number either.or.check
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.number.series function is for formatting the series name
+% and perhaps number of a work in a series. This function is similar to
+% format.bvolume, although for this one the series must exist (and the
+% volume must not exist). If the number field is empty we output either
+% the series field unchanged if it exists or else the null string.
+% If both the number and series fields are there we assume the series field
+% gives the name of the whole series (the title field should be the title
+% of the work being one referred to), and we add an "in <series>".
+% We capitilize Number when this function is used at the beginning of a block.
+% The latter applies if output.state is mid.sentence or continue.sentence
+% (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.number.series}
+{ volume empty$
+ { number empty$
+ { series field.or.null }
+ { output.state mid.sentence = output.state continue.sentence = or
+ { "\abphrase{10}" } %H2B
+ { "\abphrase{11}" } %H2B
+ if$
+ number tie.or.space.connect
+ series empty$
+ { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ { "\abphrase{6}" * series * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "" }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.edition function appends " edition" to the edition, if present.
+% We lowercase the edition (it should be something like "Third"), because
+% this doesn't start a sentence.
+% The latter applies if output.state is mid.sentence or continue.sentence
+% (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.edition}
+{ edition empty$
+ { "" }
+ { output.state mid.sentence = output.state continue.sentence = or
+ { edition "l" change.case$ "\abphrase{12}" * } %H2B
+ { edition "t" change.case$ "\abphrase{12}" * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.pages function is used for formatting a page range in a book
+% (and in rare circumstances, an article).
+%
+% The multi.page.check function examines the page field for a "-" or "," or "+"
+% so that format.pages can use "page" instead of "pages" if none exists.
+% Note: global.max$ here means "take the rest of the string"
+%
+% VAR: multiresult: INTEGER (actually, a boolean)
+%
+% multi.page.check(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% t := s
+% multiresult := false
+% while ((not multiresult) and (not empty$(t)))
+% do
+% if (first character of t = "-" or "," or "+")
+% then multiresult := true
+% else t := t with the first character removed
+% fi
+% od
+% return multiresult
+% END
+
+INTEGERS { multiresult }
+
+FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
+{ 't :=
+ #0 'multiresult :=
+ { multiresult not
+ t empty$ not
+ and
+ }
+ { t #1 #1 substring$
+ duplicate$ "-" =
+ swap$ duplicate$ "," =
+ swap$ "+" =
+ or or
+ { #1 'multiresult := }
+ { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
+ if$
+ }
+ while$
+ multiresult
+}
+
+% This function doesn't begin a sentence so "pages" isn't capitalized.
+% Other functions that use this should keep that in mind.
+
+FUNCTION {format.pages}
+{ pages empty$
+ { "" }
+ { pages multi.page.check
+ { "\abphrase{13}" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect } %H2B
+ { "\abphrase{14}" pages tie.or.space.connect } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.vol.num.pages function is for the volume, number, and page range
+% of a journal article. We use the format: vol(number):pages, with some
+% variations for empty fields. This doesn't begin a sentence.
+% The format was changed to `vol(number), pages', where the `vol' comes out in
+% boldface, by H2B.
+
+FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
+{ volume field.or.null boldface
+ number empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { "\abtype{4}{" number * "}" * * %H2B
+ volume empty$
+ { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { duplicate$ empty$
+ { pop$ format.pages }
+ { ", " * pages n.dashify * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+
+% The format.chapter.pages, if the chapter is present, puts whatever is in the
+% type field (or else "chapter" if type is empty) in front of a chapter number.
+% It then appends the pages, if present. This doesn't begin a sentence.
+
+FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
+{ chapter empty$
+ 'format.pages
+ { type empty$
+ { "\abphrase{15}" } %H2B
+ { type "l" change.case$ }
+ if$
+ chapter tie.or.space.connect
+ pages empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { ", " * format.pages * }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The format.in.ed.booktitle function is used for starting out a sentence
+% that begins "In <booktitle>", putting an editor before the title if one
+% exists.
+% The emphasis will be done by quotation marks (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
+{ booktitle empty$
+ { "" }
+ { editor empty$
+ { "\abphrase{7}" booktitle quote * } %H2B
+ { "\abphrase{7}" format.editors * ", " * booktitle quote * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The function empty.misc.check complains if all six fields are empty, and
+% if there's been no sorting or alphabetic-label complaint.
+
+FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
+{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
+ month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
+ and and and and and
+#if SORTED
+ key empty$ not and
+#else !SORTED
+#if LAB_ALPH
+ key empty$ not and
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+#endif SORTED
+ { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+% The function format.thesis.type returns either the (case-changed) type field,
+% if it is defined, or else the default string already on the stack
+% (like "Master's thesis" or "PhD thesis").
+
+FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
+{ type empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { pop$
+ type "t" change.case$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% The function format.tr.number makes a string starting with "Technical Report"
+% (or type, if that field is defined), followed by the number if there is one;
+% it returns the starting part (with a case change) even if there is no number.
+% This is used at the beginning of a sentence.
+
+FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
+{ type empty$
+ { "\abphrase{16}" } %H2B
+ 'type
+ if$
+ number empty$
+ { "t" change.case$ }
+ { number tie.or.space.connect }
+ if$
+}
+
+% Now come the cross-referencing functions (these are invoked because
+% one entry in the database file(s) cross-references another, by giving
+% the other entry's database key in a `crossref' field). This feature
+% allows one or more titled things that are part of a larger titled
+% thing to cross-reference the larger thing. These styles allow for
+% five posibilities: (1) an ARTICLE may cross-reference an ARTICLE;
+% (2) a BOOK, (3) INBOOK, or (4) INCOLLECTION may cross-reference a BOOK;
+% or (5) an INPROCEEDINGS may cross-reference a PROCEEDINGS.
+% Each of these is explained in more detail later.
+%
+% An ARTICLE entry type may cross reference another ARTICLE (this is
+% intended for when an entire journal is devoted to a single topic---
+% but since there is no JOURNAL entry type, the journal, too, should be
+% classified as an ARTICLE but without the author and title fields).
+% This will result in two warning messages for the journal's entry
+% if it's included in the reference list, but such is life.
+% In the original true function the emphasis with italic correction had been
+% made by inserting the necessary TeX control sequences directly; this is
+% substituted by a call to emphasize (H2B).
+%
+% format.article.crossref ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(key) then
+% if empty$(journal) then
+% warning$("need key or journal for " * cite$ *
+% " to crossref " * crossref)
+% return(" \cite{" * crossref * "}")
+% else
+% return("In " * emphazise.correct (journal) *
+% " \cite{" * crossref * "}")
+% fi
+% else
+% return("In " * key * " \cite{" * crossref * "}")
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% The other cross-referencing functions are similar, so no "comment version"
+% will be given for them.
+
+FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
+{ key empty$
+ { journal empty$
+ { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
+ warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { "\abphrase{7}" journal emphasize * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ { "\abphrase{7}" key * } %H2B
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+% We use just the last names of editors for a cross reference: either
+% "editor", or "editor1 and editor2", or "editor1 et~al." depending on
+% whether there are one, or two, or more than two editors.
+
+FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
+{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
+ editor num.names$ duplicate$
+ #2 >
+ { pop$ "\abphrase{2}" * } %H2B
+ { #2 <
+ 'skip$
+ { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { "\abphrase{2}" * } %H2B
+ { "\abphrase{0}" * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+% A BOOK (or INBOOK) entry type (assumed to be for a single volume in a
+% multivolume work) may cross reference another BOOK (the entire multivolume).
+% Usually there will be an editor, in which case we use that to construct the
+% cross reference; otherwise we use a nonempty key field or else the series
+% field (since the series gives the title of the multivolume work).
+% The series title is enclosed in quotes rather than emphasized (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
+{ volume empty$
+ { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
+ "\abphrase{7}" %H2B
+ }
+ { "\abphrase{9}" volume tie.or.space.connect %H2B
+ "\abphrase{5}" * %H2B
+ }
+ if$
+ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { series empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ "" *
+ }
+ { series quote * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.crossref.editor * }
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+% An INCOLLECTION entry type may cross reference a BOOK (assumed to be the
+% collection), or an INPROCEEDINGS may cross reference a PROCEEDINGS.
+% Often there will be an editor, in which case we use that to construct
+% the cross reference; otherwise we use a nonempty key field or else
+% the booktitle field (which gives the cross-referenced work's title).
+% The booktitle is enclosed in quotes rather than emphasized (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
+{ editor empty$
+ editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
+ or
+ { key empty$
+ { booktitle empty$
+ { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
+ crossref * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { "\abphrase{7}" booktitle quote * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ { "\abphrase{7}" key * } %H2B
+ if$
+ }
+ { "\abphrase{7}" format.crossref.editor * } %H2B
+ if$
+ " \cite{" * crossref * "}" *
+}
+
+% Now we define the type functions for all entry types that may appear
+% in the .BIB file---e.g., functions like `article' and `book'. These
+% are the routines that actually generate the .BBL-file output for
+% the entry. These must all precede the READ command. In addition, the
+% style designer should have a function `default.type' for unknown types.
+% Note: The fields (within each list) are listed in order of appearance,
+% except as described for an `inbook' or a `proceedings'.
+%
+% The article function is for an article in a journal. An article may
+% CROSSREF another article.
+% Required fields: author, title, journal, year
+% Optional fields: volume, number, pages, month, note
+%
+% article ==
+% BEGIN
+% output.bibitem
+% output.check(format.authors,"author")
+% new.block
+% output.check(format.title,"title") % omitted if NO_TITLE (H2B)
+% new.block % dto.
+% if missing$(crossref) then
+% output.check(emphasize(journal),"journal")
+% % italic correction added (H2B)
+% output(format.vol.num.pages)
+% output.check(format.date,"year")
+% else
+% output.nonnull(format.article.crossref)
+% new.clause % added by H2B
+% output(format.pages)
+% fi
+% new.block
+% output(note)
+% fin.entry
+% END
+%
+% The book function is for a whole book. A book may CROSSREF another book.
+% Required fields: author or editor, title, publisher, year
+% Optional fields: volume or number, series, address, edition, month,
+% note
+%
+% book ==
+% BEGIN
+% if empty$(author) then output.check(format.editors,"author and editor")
+% else output.check(format.authors,"author")
+% if missing$(crossref) then
+% either.or.check("author and editor",editor)
+% fi
+% fi
+% new.block
+% output.check(format.btitle,"title")
+% if missing$(crossref) then
+% new.clause % added by H2B
+% output(format.bvolume)
+% new.block
+% output(format.number.series)
+% new.sentence
+% output.check(publisher,"publisher")
+% new.clause.checka(address) % added by H2B
+% output(address)
+% else
+% new.block
+% output.nonnull(format.book.crossref)
+% fi
+% edition new.clause.checka % added by H2B
+% output(format.edition)
+% output.check(format.date,"year")
+% new.block
+% output(note)
+% fin.entry
+% END
+%
+% The other entry functions are all quite similar, so no "comment version"
+% will be given for them.
+
+FUNCTION {article}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+#if !NO_TITLE
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+#endif
+ crossref missing$
+ { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
+ format.vol.num.pages output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
+ new.clause
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+FUNCTION {book}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ crossref missing$
+ { new.clause
+ format.bvolume output
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ }
+ { new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ edition new.clause.checka
+ format.edition output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% A booklet is a bound thing without a publisher or sponsoring institution.
+% Required: title
+% Optional: author, howpublished, address, month, year, note
+
+FUNCTION {booklet}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ howpublished address new.block.checkb
+ howpublished output
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% For the conference entry type, see inproceedings.
+
+% An inbook is a piece of a book: either a chapter and/or a page range.
+% It may CROSSREF a book. If there's no volume field, the type field
+% will come before number and series.
+% Required: author or editor, title, chapter and/or pages, publisher,year
+% Optional: volume or number, series, type, address, edition, month, note
+
+FUNCTION {inbook}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { format.editors "author and editor" output.check }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull
+ crossref missing$
+ { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.clause
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.bvolume output
+ new.clause
+ format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.number.series output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ }
+ { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.book.crossref output.nonnull
+ }
+ if$
+ edition new.clause.checka
+ format.edition output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% An incollection is like inbook, but where there is a separate title
+% for the referenced thing (and perhaps an editor for the whole).
+% An incollection may CROSSREF a book.
+% Required: author, title, booktitle, publisher, year
+% Optional: editor, volume or number, series, type, chapter, pages,
+% address, edition, month, note
+% For the NO_TITLE option the title is suppressed, if the chapter or the pages
+% field is nonempty (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {incollection}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+#if NO_TITLE
+ chapter empty$ pages empty$ and
+ {
+#endif
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+#if NO_TITLE
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+#endif
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ new.clause
+ format.bvolume output
+ new.clause
+ format.number.series output
+ new.clause
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ new.sentence
+ publisher "publisher" output.check
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ edition new.clause.checka
+ format.edition output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ new.clause
+ format.chapter.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% An inproceedings is an article in a conference proceedings, and it may
+% CROSSREF a proceedings. If there's no address field, the month (& year)
+% will appear just before note.
+% Required: author, title, booktitle, year
+% Optional: editor, volume or number, series, pages, address, month,
+% organization, publisher, note
+% For the NO_TITLE option the title is suppressed, if the pages field is
+% nonempty (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {inproceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+#if NO_TITLE
+ pages empty$
+ {
+#endif
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+#if NO_TITLE
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+#endif
+ crossref missing$
+ { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
+ volume new.clause.checka
+ format.bvolume output
+ number series new.clause.checkb
+ format.number.series output
+ pages new.clause.checka
+ format.pages output
+ address empty$
+ { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+ organization output
+ publisher new.clause.checka
+ publisher output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { new.clause
+ address output.nonnull
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ organization output
+ new.clause
+ publisher output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
+ new.clause
+ format.pages output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% The conference function is included for Scribe compatibility.
+
+FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }
+
+% A manual is technical documentation.
+% Required: title
+% Optional: author, organization, address, edition, month, year, note
+
+FUNCTION {manual}
+{ output.bibitem
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output.nonnull
+ new.clause
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { format.authors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { address new.block.checka
+ address output
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ { organization address new.block.checkb
+ organization output
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ }
+ if$
+ edition new.clause.checka
+ format.edition output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% A mastersthesis is a Master's thesis.
+% Required: author, title, school, year
+% Optional: type, address, month, note
+
+FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "\abphrase{17}" format.thesis.type output.nonnull %H2B
+ new.clause
+ school "school" output.check
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% A misc is something that doesn't fit elsewhere.
+% Required: at least one of the `optional' fields
+% Optional: author, title, howpublished, month, year, note
+
+FUNCTION {misc}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors output
+ title howpublished new.block.checkb
+ format.title output
+ howpublished new.block.checka
+ howpublished output
+ format.date output
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+ empty.misc.check
+}
+
+% A phdthesis is like a mastersthesis.
+% Required: author, title, school, year
+% Optional: type, address, month, note
+
+FUNCTION {phdthesis}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ "\abphrase{18}" format.thesis.type output.nonnull %H2B
+ new.clause
+ school "school" output.check
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% A proceedings is a conference proceedings.
+% If there is an organization but no editor field, the organization will
+% appear as the first optional field (we try to make the first block nonempty);
+% if there's no address field, the month (& year) will appear just before note.
+% Required: title, year
+% Optional: editor, volume or number, series, address, month,
+% organization, publisher, note
+
+FUNCTION {proceedings}
+{ output.bibitem
+ editor empty$
+ { organization output }
+ { format.editors output.nonnull }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ format.btitle "title" output.check
+ volume new.clause.checka
+ format.bvolume output
+ number series new.clause.checkb
+ format.number.series output
+ address empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { publisher new.sentence.checka }
+ { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
+ organization output
+ publisher new.clause.checka
+ }
+ if$
+ publisher output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ }
+ { new.clause
+ address output.nonnull
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.sentence
+ editor empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { organization output
+ new.clause
+ }
+ if$
+ publisher output
+ }
+ if$
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% A techreport is a technical report.
+% Required: author, title, institution, year
+% Optional: type, number, address, month, note
+% For the NO_TITLE option the title is suppressed, if the number field is
+% nonempty (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {techreport}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+#if NO_TITLE
+ number empty$
+ {
+#endif
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+#if NO_TITLE
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+#endif
+ format.tr.number output.nonnull
+ new.clause
+ institution "institution" output.check
+ address new.clause.checka
+ address output
+ format.date "year" output.check
+ new.block
+ note output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% An unpublished is something that hasn't been published.
+% Required: author, title, note
+% Optional: month, year
+
+FUNCTION {unpublished}
+{ output.bibitem
+ format.authors "author" output.check
+ new.block
+ format.title "title" output.check
+ new.block
+ note "note" output.check
+ format.date output
+ fin.entry
+}
+
+% We use entry type `misc' for an unknown type; BibTeX gives a warning.
+
+FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }
+
+% Here are macros for common things that may vary from style to style.
+% Users are encouraged to use these macros.
+%
+% Months are either written out in full or abbreviated
+%
+% The macros for the month names now expand to TeX macros, so they are
+% adaptable too. Thus no conditional MONTH_FULL is needed anymore (H2B).
+%
+% The \abmonth macro should be defined by the user as something like:
+% \def\abmonth#1{\ifcase#1\or January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or
+% June\or July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi}
+
+MACRO {jan} {"\abmonth{1}"}
+
+MACRO {feb} {"\abmonth{2}"}
+
+MACRO {mar} {"\abmonth{3}"}
+
+MACRO {apr} {"\abmonth{4}"}
+
+MACRO {may} {"\abmonth{5}"}
+
+MACRO {jun} {"\abmonth{6}"}
+
+MACRO {jul} {"\abmonth{7}"}
+
+MACRO {aug} {"\abmonth{8}"}
+
+MACRO {sep} {"\abmonth{9}"}
+
+MACRO {oct} {"\abmonth{10}"}
+
+MACRO {nov} {"\abmonth{11}"}
+
+MACRO {dec} {"\abmonth{12}"}
+
+% The next ten macros are provided for edition numbers. For higher numbers the
+% \abedition command should be extended by the user and called directly or---
+% better---via @STRING declarations in the BIB files. The \abedition command
+% to be defined by the user is, e.g.:
+% \def\abedition#1{\ifcase#1\or First\or Second\or Third\or Fourth\or Fifth\or
+% Sixth\or Seventh\or Eighth\or Ninth\or Tenth\else?\fi}
+
+MACRO {first} {"\abedition{1}"}
+
+MACRO {second} {"\abedition{2}"}
+
+MACRO {third} {"\abedition{3}"}
+
+MACRO {fourth} {"\abedition{4}"}
+
+MACRO {fifth} {"\abedition{5}"}
+
+MACRO {sixth} {"\abedition{6}"}
+
+MACRO {seventh} {"\abedition{7}"}
+
+MACRO {eighth} {"\abedition{8}"}
+
+MACRO {ninth} {"\abedition{9}"}
+
+MACRO {tenth} {"\abedition{10}"}
+
+% Finally, some macros are defined to re-dedicate the CHAPTER field via the
+% TYPE field. An appropriate \abchapter command were:
+% \def\abchapter#1{\ifcase#1Section\or Paragraph\or Appendix\or Part\fi}
+
+MACRO {section} {"\abchapter{0}"}
+
+MACRO {paragraph} {"\abchapter{1}"}
+
+MACRO {appendix} {"\abchapter{2}"}
+
+MACRO {part} {"\abchapter{3}"}
+
+% Journals are either written out in full or abbreviated;
+% the abbreviations are like those found in ACM publications.
+%
+% To get a completely different set of abbreviations, it may be best to make
+% a separate .bib file with nothing but those abbreviations; users could then
+% include that file name as the first argument to the \bibliography command.
+%
+% All journal macros were commented off, because the set applies only to a
+% very special field of sciences; so the hint in the previous paragraph
+% becomes mandatory (H2B).
+
+% #if JOUR_FULL
+%
+% MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}
+%
+% MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}
+%
+% MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}
+%
+% MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}
+%
+% MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}
+%
+% MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}
+%
+% MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}
+%
+% MACRO {ieeetcad}
+% {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}
+%
+% MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}
+%
+% MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}
+%
+% MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}
+%
+% MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}
+%
+% MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}
+%
+% MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}
+%
+% MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}
+%
+% MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}
+%
+% MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}
+%
+% MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}
+%
+% MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}
+%
+% MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}
+%
+% #else !JOUR_FULL
+%
+% MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Comput. Surv."}
+%
+% MACRO {acta} {"Acta Inf."}
+%
+% MACRO {cacm} {"Commun. ACM"}
+%
+% MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM J. Res. Dev."}
+%
+% MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Syst.~J."}
+%
+% MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."}
+%
+% MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Trans. Comput."}
+%
+% MACRO {ieeetcad}
+% {"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Design Integrated Circuits"}
+%
+% MACRO {ipl} {"Inf. Process. Lett."}
+%
+% MACRO {jacm} {"J.~ACM"}
+%
+% MACRO {jcss} {"J.~Comput. Syst. Sci."}
+%
+% MACRO {scp} {"Sci. Comput. Programming"}
+%
+% MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM J. Comput."}
+%
+% MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Trans. Comput. Syst."}
+%
+% MACRO {tods} {"ACM Trans. Database Syst."}
+%
+% MACRO {tog} {"ACM Trans. Gr."}
+%
+% MACRO {toms} {"ACM Trans. Math. Softw."}
+%
+% MACRO {toois} {"ACM Trans. Office Inf. Syst."}
+%
+% MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Trans. Prog. Lang. Syst."}
+%
+% MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Comput. Sci."}
+%
+% #endif JOUR_FULL
+
+% Now we read in the .BIB entries.
+
+READ
+
+% The sortify function converts to lower case after purify$ing; it's
+% used in sorting and in computing alphabetic labels after sorting
+%
+% The chop.word(w,len,s) function returns either s or, if the first len
+% letters of s equals w (this comparison is done in the third line of the
+% function's definition), it returns that part of s after w.
+
+#if SORTED
+
+FUNCTION {sortify}
+{ purify$
+ "l" change.case$
+}
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+#else !SORTED
+#if LAB_ALPH
+
+% We need the chop.word stuff for the dubious unsorted-list-with-labels case.
+
+INTEGERS { len }
+
+FUNCTION {chop.word}
+{ 's :=
+ 'len :=
+ s #1 len substring$ =
+ { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
+ 's
+ if$
+}
+
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+#endif SORTED
+
+% This long comment applies only to alphabetic labels
+%
+% The format.lab.names function makes a short label by using the initials of
+% the von and Last parts of the names (but if there are more than four names,
+% (i.e., people) it truncates after three and adds a superscripted "+";
+% it also adds such a "+" if the last of multiple authors is "others").
+% If there is only one name, and its von and Last parts combined have just
+% a single name-token ("Knuth" has a single token, "Brinch Hansen" has two),
+% we take the first three letters of the last name. The boolean
+% et.al.char.used tells whether we've used a superscripted "+", so that we
+% know whether to include a LaTeX macro for it.
+%
+% format.lab.names(s) ==
+% BEGIN
+% numnames := num.names$(s)
+% if numnames > 1 then
+% if numnames > 4 then
+% namesleft := 3
+% else
+% namesleft := numnames
+% nameptr := 1
+% nameresult := ""
+% while namesleft > 0
+% do
+% if (name_ptr = numnames) and
+% format.name$(s, nameptr, "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}") = "others"
+% then nameresult := nameresult * "{\etalchar{+}}"
+% et.al.char.used := true
+% else nameresult := nameresult *
+% format.name$(s, nameptr, "{v{}}{l{}}")
+% nameptr := nameptr + 1
+% namesleft := namesleft - 1
+% od
+% if numnames > 4 then
+% nameresult := nameresult * "{\etalchar{+}}"
+% et.al.char.used := true
+% else
+% t := format.name$(s, 1, "{v{}}{l{}}")
+% if text.length$(t) < 2 then % there's just one name-token
+% nameresult := text.prefix$(format.name$(s,1,"{ll}"),3)
+% else
+% nameresult := t
+% fi
+% fi
+% return nameresult
+% END
+%
+% Exactly what fields we look at in constructing the primary part of the label
+% depends on the entry type; this selectivity (as opposed to, say, always
+% looking at author, then editor, then key) helps ensure that "ignored" fields,
+% as described in the LaTeX book, really are ignored. Note that MISC is part
+% of the deepest `else' clause in the nested part of calc.label; thus, any
+% unrecognized entry type in the database is handled correctly.
+%
+% There is one auxiliary function for each of the four different sequences of
+% fields we use. The first of these functions looks at the author field, and
+% then, if necessary, the key field. The other three functions, which might
+% look at two fields and the key field, are similar, except that the key field
+% takes precedence over the organization field (for labels---not for sorting).
+%
+% The calc.label function calculates the preliminary label of an entry, which
+% is formed by taking three letters of information from the author or editor or
+% key or organization field (depending on the entry type and on what's empty,
+% but ignoring a leading "The " in the organization), and appending the last
+% two characters (digits) of the year. It is an error if the appropriate fields
+% among author, editor, organization, and key are missing, and we use
+% the first three letters of the cite$ in desperation when this happens.
+% The resulting label has the year part, but not the name part, purify$ed
+% (purify$ing the year allows some sorting shenanigans by the user).
+%
+% This function also calculates the version of the label to be used in sorting.
+%
+% The final label may need a trailing 'a', 'b', etc., to distinguish it from
+% otherwise identical labels, but we can't calculated those "extra.label"s
+% until after sorting.
+%
+% calc.label ==
+% BEGIN
+% if type$ = "book" or "inbook" then
+% author.editor.key.label
+% else if type$ = "proceedings" then
+% editor.key.organization.label
+% else if type$ = "manual" then
+% author.key.organization.label
+% else
+% author.key.label
+% fi fi fi
+% label := label * substring$(purify$(field.or.null(year)), -1, 2)
+% % assuming we will also sort, we calculate a sort.label
+% sort.label := sortify(label), but use the last four, not two, digits
+% END
+
+#if LAB_ALPH
+
+INTEGERS { et.al.char.used }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.et.al.char.used}
+{ #0 'et.al.char.used :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.et.al.char.used}
+
+FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
+{ 's :=
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames #1 >
+ { numnames #4 >
+ { #3 'namesleft := }
+ { numnames 'namesleft := }
+ if$
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr numnames =
+ { s nameptr "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
+ { "{\etalchar{+}}" *
+ #1 'et.al.char.used :=
+ }
+ { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ }
+ { s nameptr "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$ * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+ numnames #4 >
+ { "{\etalchar{+}}" *
+ #1 'et.al.char.used :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ { s #1 "{v{}}{l{}}" format.name$
+ duplicate$ text.length$ #2 <
+ { pop$ s #1 "{ll}" format.name$ #3 text.prefix$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+#if SORTED
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+#else !SORTED % need warning here because we won't give it later
+ { "for label, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$
+ }
+#endif SORTED
+ { key #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+#if SORTED
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+#else !SORTED % need warning here because we won't give it later
+ { "for label, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$
+ }
+#endif SORTED
+ { key #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.key.organization.label}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { organization empty$
+#if SORTED
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+#else !SORTED % need warning here because we won't give it later
+ { "for label, need author, key, or organization in " cite$ *
+ warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$
+ }
+#endif SORTED
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.key.organization.label}
+{ editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { organization empty$
+#if SORTED
+ { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
+#else !SORTED % need warning here because we won't give it later
+ { "for label, need editor, key, or organization in " cite$ *
+ warning$
+ cite$ #1 #3 substring$
+ }
+#endif SORTED
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { key #3 text.prefix$ }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor format.lab.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {calc.label}
+{ type$ "book" =
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.key.label
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.key.organization.label
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.key.organization.label
+ 'author.key.label
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ duplicate$
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #2 substring$
+ *
+ 'label :=
+ year field.or.null purify$ #-1 #4 substring$
+ *
+ sortify 'sort.label :=
+}
+
+% It doesn't seem like a particularly good idea to use an order-of-citation
+% reference list when using alphabetic labels, but we need to have a
+% special pass to calculate labels when this happens.
+
+#if !SORTED
+
+ITERATE {calc.label}
+
+#endif !SORTED
+
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+
+% When sorting, we compute the sortkey by executing "presort" on each entry.
+% The presort key contains a number of "sortify"ed strings, concatenated
+% with multiple blanks between them. This makes things like "brinch per"
+% come before "brinch hansen per".
+%
+% The fields used here are: the sort.label for alphabetic labels (as set by
+% calc.label), followed by the author names (or editor names or organization
+% (with a leading "The " removed) or key field, depending on entry type and on
+% what's empty), followed by year, followed by the first bit of the title
+% (chopping off a leading "The ", "A ", or "An ").
+% Names are formatted: Von Last First Junior.
+% The names within a part will be separated by a single blank
+% (such as "brinch hansen"), two will separate the name parts themselves
+% (except the von and last), three will separate the names,
+% four will separate the names from year (and from label, if alphabetic),
+% and four will separate year from title.
+%
+% The sort.format.names function takes an argument that should be in
+% BibTeX name format, and returns a string containing " "-separated
+% names in the format described above. The function is almost the same
+% as format.names.
+
+#if SORTED
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
+{ 's :=
+ #1 'nameptr :=
+ ""
+ s num.names$ 'numnames :=
+ numnames 'namesleft :=
+ { namesleft #0 > }
+ { nameptr #1 >
+ { " " * }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+#if NAME_FULL
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ ff{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+#else
+ s nameptr "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{ f{ }}{ jj{ }}" format.name$ 't :=
+#endif NAME_FULL
+ nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
+ { "et al" * }
+ { t sortify * }
+ if$
+ nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
+ namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
+ }
+ while$
+}
+
+% The sort.format.title function returns the argument,
+% but first any leading "A "'s, "An "'s, or "The "'s are removed.
+% The chop.word function uses s, so we need another string variable, t
+
+FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
+{ 't :=
+ "A " #2
+ "An " #3
+ "The " #4 t chop.word
+ chop.word
+ chop.word
+ sortify
+ #1 global.max$ substring$
+}
+
+% The auxiliary functions here, for the presort function, are analogous to
+% the ones for calc.label; the same comments apply, except that the
+% organization field takes precedence here over the key field. For sorting
+% purposes, we still remove a leading "The " from the organization field.
+
+FUNCTION {author.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { editor empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
+{ author empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { author sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
+{ editor empty$
+ { organization empty$
+ { key empty$
+ { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
+ ""
+ }
+ { key sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
+ if$
+ }
+ { editor sort.format.names }
+ if$
+}
+
+% There is a limit, entry.max$, on the length of an entry string variable
+% (which is what its sort.key$ is), so we take at most that many characters
+% of the constructed key, and hope there aren't many references that match
+% to that many characters!
+
+FUNCTION {presort}
+#if LAB_ALPH
+{ calc.label
+ sort.label
+ " "
+ *
+ type$ "book" =
+#else !LAB_ALPH
+{ type$ "book" =
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+ type$ "inbook" =
+ or
+ 'author.editor.sort
+ { type$ "proceedings" =
+ 'editor.organization.sort
+ { type$ "manual" =
+ 'author.organization.sort
+ 'author.sort
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+ }
+ if$
+#if LAB_ALPH
+ *
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+ " "
+ *
+ year field.or.null sortify
+ *
+ " "
+ *
+ title field.or.null
+ sort.format.title
+ *
+ #1 entry.max$ substring$
+ 'sort.key$ :=
+}
+
+ITERATE {presort}
+
+% And now we can sort
+
+SORT
+
+#endif SORTED
+
+% This long comment applies only to alphabetic labels, when sorted
+%
+% Now comes the final computation for alphabetic labels, putting in the 'a's
+% and 'b's and so forth if required. This involves two passes: a forward
+% pass to put in the 'b's, 'c's and so on, and a backwards pass
+% to put in the 'a's (we don't want to put in 'a's unless we know there
+% are 'b's).
+% We have to keep track of the longest (in width$ terms) label, for use
+% by the "thebibliography" environment.
+%
+% VAR: longest.label, last.sort.label, next.extra: string
+% longest.label.width, last.extra.num: integer
+%
+% initialize.longest.label ==
+% BEGIN
+% longest.label := ""
+% last.sort.label := int.to.chr$(0)
+% next.extra := ""
+% longest.label.width := 0
+% last.extra.num := 0
+% END
+%
+% forward.pass ==
+% BEGIN
+% if last.sort.label = sort.label then
+% last.extra.num := last.extra.num + 1
+% extra.label := int.to.chr$(last.extra.num)
+% else
+% last.extra.num := chr.to.int$("a")
+% extra.label := ""
+% last.sort.label := sort.label
+% fi
+% END
+%
+% reverse.pass ==
+% BEGIN
+% if next.extra = "b" then
+% extra.label := "a"
+% fi
+% label := label * extra.label
+% if width$(label) > longest.label.width then
+% longest.label := label
+% longest.label.width := width$(label)
+% fi
+% next.extra := extra.label
+% END
+
+#if LAB_ALPH
+
+#if SORTED
+
+STRINGS { longest.label last.sort.label next.extra }
+
+INTEGERS { longest.label.width last.extra.num }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.sort.label :=
+ "" 'next.extra :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+ #0 'last.extra.num :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {forward.pass}
+{ last.sort.label sort.label =
+ { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
+ last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
+ }
+ { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
+ "" 'extra.label :=
+ sort.label 'last.sort.label :=
+ }
+ if$
+}
+
+FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
+{ next.extra "b" =
+ { "a" 'extra.label := }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ label extra.label * 'label :=
+ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+ extra.label 'next.extra :=
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {forward.pass}
+
+REVERSE {reverse.pass}
+
+#else !SORTED
+
+% It still doesn't seem like a good idea to use an order-of-citation
+% reference list when using alphabetic labels, but when this happens we
+% must compute the longest label
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+#endif SORTED
+
+#else !LAB_ALPH
+
+% Now comes the computation for numeric labels.
+% We use either the sorted order or original order.
+% We still have to keep track of the longest (in width$ terms) label, for use
+% by the "thebibliography" environment.
+
+STRINGS { longest.label }
+
+INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }
+
+FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
+{ "" 'longest.label :=
+ #1 'number.label :=
+ #0 'longest.label.width :=
+}
+
+FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
+{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
+ number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
+ label width$ longest.label.width >
+ { label 'longest.label :=
+ label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
+ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}
+
+ITERATE {longest.label.pass}
+
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+
+% Now we're ready to start writing the .BBL file.
+% We begin, if necessary, with a LaTeX macro for unnamed names in an alphabetic
+% label; next comes stuff from the `preamble' command in the database files.
+% Then we give an incantation containing the command
+% \begin{thebibliography}{...}
+% where the `...' is the longest label.
+%
+% We also call init.state.consts, for use by the output routines.
+%
+% At first a TeX definition is output, that makes user commands able to
+% distinguish between a ``full'' and an ``abbreviated'' style (H2B).
+
+FUNCTION {begin.bib}
+{
+#if MONTH_FULL
+ "\newif\ifabfull\abfulltrue" write$ newline$
+#else
+ "\newif\ifabfull\abfullfalse" write$ newline$
+#endif
+#if LAB_ALPH
+ et.al.char.used
+ { "\newcommand{\etalchar}[1]{$^{#1}$}" write$ newline$ }
+ 'skip$
+ if$
+#endif LAB_ALPH
+ preamble$ empty$
+ 'skip$
+ { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
+ if$
+ "\begin{thebibliography}{" longest.label * "}" * write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {begin.bib}
+
+EXECUTE {init.state.consts}
+
+% Now we produce the output for all the entries
+
+ITERATE {call.type$}
+
+% Finally, we finish up by writing the `\end{thebibliography}' command.
+
+FUNCTION {end.bib}
+{ newline$
+ "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
+}
+
+EXECUTE {end.bib}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/docmac.doc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/docmac.doc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9327e67279f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/docmac.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+% This is DOCMAC.DOC, Release 1 of 12 Aug 1991.
+%---------------------------------------------------------
+% This macro package is based on PROGDOC.DOC, which is
+% (c) 1988 by J.Schrod. Put into the public domain.
+% It is enhanced by incorporating some macros from WEBMAC.TEX to deal with
+% header lines and a table of contents and offers some additional typesetting
+% capabilities. The enhancements and changes are done by
+% Hans-Hermann Bode (HHBODE@DOSUNI1.BITNET).
+
+%
+% Macro package for the documentation of programs (and TeX macros)
+% english version
+%
+
+% Version of the basic PROGDOC.DOC:
+% first version (for ftp/Bitnet) (88-12-05)
+%
+% Release history of DOCMAC.DOC:
+%
+% Rel. Date Author Comment
+% 1 12 Aug 1991 H2B First change file to PROGDOC.DOC.
+%
+
+
+
+% documented with itself...
+\input docmac
+
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+% local macros
+%
+
+\font\mc=cmr9 % for names like ASCII
+
+\def\title{DOCMAC}
+
+
+\def\topofcontents{\null\vfill
+ \centerline{\titlefont\title}
+ \bigskip
+ \centerline{Joachim Schrod}
+ \medskip
+ \centerline{Hans-Hermann Bode}
+ \vfill}
+
+\def\botofcontents{\vfill
+ The macro package and the documentation was written initially by J.~Schrod
+ under the name \.{progdoc}. H.-H.~Bode enhanced the package with some stuff
+ from \.{webmac} and completed the documentation with material from the
+ ``\.{WEB} User Manual''; this makes up the chapter on
+ ``Formatting''---besides some minor changes in the remainder.
+ \par}
+
+\def\WEB{{\tt WEB\/}}
+\def\LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em\TeX}}
+
+%
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+
+
+
+
+\chap Introduction.
+
+\WEB{} systems allow the documentation of programs by supporting the
+separation in program fragments which can be collected and rearranged
+afterwards. This allows {\it top-down\/} programming as well as the
+{\it bottom-up\/} design of programs. Each program fragment can be
+documented, usually with \TeX{}. A disadvantadge is that \WEB{}
+actually exists only for a few programming languages (Pascal, C,
+Modula-2). Besides, building up \WEB{} systems for ``exotic''
+programming languages like \TeX{} is very difficult.
+
+This macro package was built to allow good documentation for programs
+in languages for which \WEB{} doesn't exist. It separates a program
+text in sections that can be documented. All sections, collected
+sequentially, will result in the complete program. In every section
+begin and end of the program part are marked with |\beginprog| and
+|\endprog|, this program part will be formatted as it is input
+(``verbatim'').
+
+The separation of the sections is done in this version (which is based
+on Plain~\TeX{}) by the macros |\chap| and |\sect|. But this can be
+changed easily, e.g.\ for preparing the documentation with \LaTeX{}.
+Then the last section group of this macro package must be omitted and
+the rest must be realized as a style option.
+
+In the documentation part of a section text pieces, e.g.\ names of
+variables, can be inserted verbatim to demonstrate the connection to
+the program text. These parts are included in vertical bars
+(`{\tt\vbar}') while the vertical bar itself can be obtained by
+|\origvert|.
+
+This macro package does not offer the creation of an index because it is not
+known which syntactical tokens the language has that should be mentioned in
+an index. If you want a table of contents, just say |\contentspage| at the
+end of your document (you need not put a |\bye| after that, |\contentspage|
+does this for you). Some remarks about future enhancements which should be
+done urgently are set in slanted type.
+
+
+\sect We have to realize three parts: (1)~the formatting of rather
+small verbatim texts in a line, (2)~the formatting of larger parts of
+program and (3)~the document structuring elements for the separation
+of the sections. Before we start we declare some shorthands for
+category codes.
+
+By declaring the at sign~(`|@|') as well as the underscore~`(|_|)' as
+letters we can use them in our macros.
+{\tolerance=10000
+(I agree with D.~Knuth that |\identifier_several_words_long| is much
+better readable than |\IdentifierSeveralWordsLong| and both are better
+than |\pr@@@s|.)
+With the at sign we can use the ``private'' Plain macros and with the
+underscore we can make our own macros more readable. But as we have
+to restore these category codes at the end of this macro file we store
+their former values in the control sequences |\atcode| and |\uscode|.
+This method is better than the usage of a group because not all macros
+have to be defined global this way.
+\par}
+
+\beginprog
+\chardef\escape=0
+\chardef\letter=11
+\chardef\other=12
+%\chardef\active=13 % is defined in Plain already
+
+\chardef\atcode=\catcode`\@
+\chardef\uscode=\catcode`\_
+
+\catcode`\@=\letter
+\catcode`\_=\letter
+\endprog
+
+
+
+
+\chap Local Verbatim Formatting.
+
+The main point of every verbatim formatting is the switching of the
+character codes of all characters that have a special \TeX{} meaning.
+This can be done with the control sequence |\dospecials| that applies
+the control sequence |\do| to all special characters. Additionally,
+every line is regarded as a paragraph without indentation. Between
+two paragraphs, i.e.\ between two lines, no extra space is set.
+Finally all blanks and tabular characters shall be obeyed and the
+inter word space after sentence terminators shall not be enlarged.
+The activation of the tabular characters with |\obeytabs| is
+equivalent to |\obeyspaces| in {\tt plain.tex\/}.
+
+Verbatim texts are set in monospace, we use (like in \WEB{}) the
+character set with the extended {\mc ASCII}. For \LaTeX{} we would
+have to add here |\ttex| to all size modifications like |\xpt|,
+|\xiipt|, etc.
+
+\beginprog
+\font\tentex=cmtex10 % typewriter extended ASCII 10pt
+\let\ttex=\tentex % only for PLAIN with base size 10pt
+
+\def\setup_verbatim{%
+ \def\do##1{\catcode`##1\other}\dospecials
+ \parskip\z@skip \parindent\z@
+ \obeylines \obeyspaces \obeytabs \frenchspacing
+ \ttex
+ }
+
+\let\tab=\space
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\^^I=\active% % Attention: no tabs!
+ \gdef\obeytabs{\catcode`\^^I=\active\def^^I{\tab}}
+ \global\let^^I=\tab% % if an active tab appears in a \write
+\endgroup
+\endprog
+
+\sect After having saved the old meaning of `{\tt\vbar}' in
+|\origvert| and after declaring |\vbar| as a synonym for the character
+that has the code of a vertical bar in the actual font, the vertical
+bar can be made active. Then we call |\setup_verbatim|. But the
+newline characters shall not be processed, they shall be regarded like
+blank space. This can be reached by defining |\par| as |\space|.
+
+The next vertical bar in the input closes the group which becomes an
+(unbreakable) |\hbox| then. The old meanings of the special
+characters and of the vertical bar are restored and \TeX{} is in
+normal (horizontal) mode again.
+
+\beginprog
+\let\origvert=|
+\chardef\vbar=`\|
+
+\catcode`\|=\active
+
+\def|{%
+ \leavevmode
+ \hbox\bgroup
+ \let\par\space \setup_verbatim
+ \let|\egroup
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+
+
+\chap Program Fragments in Verbatim.
+
+We need macros to format the program fragments without any
+linebreaking. Such a text area shall start with the macro
+|\beginprog| and end with |\endprog|. The macro |\endprog| must stand
+at the very beginning of a line and must be followed by white space
+(blank, tab or newline character). After |\beginprog| as well as
+after |\endprog| the rest of the line is ignored.
+
+Two demands must be regarded: There should be no length restrictions
+for the processed text, and the tabular characters should be expanded
+so that this macro works on PC's and on VAXes, too.
+
+
+\sect The implementation method is quite simple: We read the next
+line, test, wether the end is reached (by comparing with |\endprog|)
+and otherwise set the character actually read. Every character is
+inspected and tabular characters are expanded.
+
+Wether a line is set or wether the end of the processed area is
+reached is indicated by the switch |\if@print|. At the beginning of
+the |\beginprog| macro most settings are done with |\setup_verbatim|
+(the vertical bar must be handled separately) and the rest of the line
+is ignored. As everything is done within a group, the end of the
+verbatim text can be processed by simply closing this group.
+
+For the user it looks as if |\endprog| terminates the processing, but
+it just serves for the identification of the end, the true processing
+is done with the internal macro |\end_verbatim|.
+
+\beginprog
+\newif\if@print
+
+\def\beginprog{%
+ \endgraf
+ \bigbreak
+ \begingroup
+ \setup_verbatim \catcode`\|\other
+ \@printtrue
+ \ignore_rest_line
+ }
+\let\end_verbatim=\endgroup % internal command !
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect The first line is ignored, all the other lines are identified
+with |\set_next_line| and processed with |\do_set|. This separation
+in identification and processing allows that the line end character is
+active in the definition only for a short time.
+
+When a line is to be formatted, we first check with |\check_print|
+wether it contains |\endprog|, otherwise it is printed with
+|\print_char|. The printing must be done for every character
+individually because we want to check for tabular characters; the
+exact algorithm is described below. Here we just have to note that
+|\print_char| is used with two parameters of which the second one is
+finished with the token |\end_line|. The first parameter is the first
+character of the line, the second parameter is the rest of the line.
+If the line is empty, the argument of |\do_set| is empty, too; so the
+activation of |\print_char| must be finished with two |\end_line|.
+Then the first |\end_line| is the first argument for |\print_char| and
+the second argument is empty. But if the line did contain something,
+the second |\end_line| is evaluated, for this case it is defined as
+|\relax|.
+
+At last we call |\set_next_line| again to format the next line. If
+the end is reached, i.e.\ if a line with |\endprog| was found,
+|\set_next_line| is redefined as |\relax|. This can be done because
+the original meaning is restored while closing the group with
+|\end_verbatim|.
+
+\beginprog
+\begingroup
+ \obeylines% % ^^M is active! ==> every line must end with %
+ \gdef\ignore_rest_line#1^^M{\set_next_line}%
+ \gdef\set_next_line#1^^M{\do_set{#1}}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\do_set#1{%
+ \endgraf
+ \check_print{#1}%
+ \if@print \indent \print_char#1\end_line\end_line
+ \else \let\set_next_line\end_verbatim
+ \fi
+ \set_next_line
+ }
+\let\end_line=\relax
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect Before we look at the problem of formatting a line, we declare
+|\check_print| that checks the end of the verbatim mode. We have to
+do two things: we must split everything in front of the first blank
+or tabular character and compare for identity with |\endprog|. The
+splitting is easy because the line which is our first argument
+contains blanks and tabulators as active characters. First we call
+|\cut_at_tab| that demands a tabular character as separator for its
+two pramenters so that everything in the line in front of the first
+tabulator is part of the first parameter. If there is no tabular
+character in the line, we append one so that the second parameter is
+empty. The same trick is used to separate the part in front of the
+first blank character from the resulting first part.
+
+The check is done with |\do_check|. We use a separate macro here so
+that we can indent it (in the following definition blanks are active!)
+
+\beginprog
+\begingroup
+\obeyspaces\obeytabs
+\gdef\check_print#1{\cut_at_tab#1^^I\end_line}
+\gdef\cut_at_tab#1^^I#2\end_line{\check_first_part#1 \end_line}% blank !
+\gdef\check_first_part#1 #2\end_line{\do_check{#1}}
+\endgroup
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect |\do_check| compares the line with a sample line that is
+available in |\@endverbatim|. During the definition of
+|\@endverbatim| it must be cared for that the escape character `|\|'
+is a printable character: A comparison with |\ifx| demands identical
+category codes. As a temporary escape character we use the vertical
+bar.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\do_check#1{%
+ \def\@line{#1}%
+ \ifx \@line\@endverbatim \@printfalse
+ \fi
+ }
+
+{\catcode`\|=\escape \catcode`\\=\other % | is temporary escape char
+ |gdef|@endverbatim{\endprog} % sample line
+} % here \endgroup can't be used
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect Now we can set a line: we start with the first character,
+followed by the rest of the line. Each character is counted in
+|\char_count|. At the beginning of a line |\char_count| is~1, this
+is reset at the end of the line.
+
+\goodbreak
+
+\beginprog
+\newcount\char_count \char_count\@ne
+
+\def\print_char#1#2\end_line{%
+ \print_first_char{#1}%
+ \print_rest_of_line{#2}%
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect For each character that is set |\char_count| is incremented.
+If a character is a tabulator, we set with |\print_tab| the fitting
+amount of blank characters, otherwise the character itself. We must
+compare the character that is stored in |\@char| with a macro of which
+the ``first-level'' expansion is an active tabulator. For this case
+we declare |\@tab|.
+
+\beginprog
+{\obeytabs\gdef\@tab{^^I}}
+
+\def\print_first_char#1{%
+ \def\@char{#1}%
+ \advance \char_count\@ne
+ \ifx \@char\@tab \print_tab
+ \else \@char
+ \fi
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect If we want to fill the line with blank spaces up to the next
+column with a number that can be divided by~8, we must be able to
+compute the column number modulo~8, but \TeX{} has no modulo operator.
+So we define the macro |\mod_viii| that computes its argument modulo~8
+and returns the result in the counter |\count_mod_viii|. For the
+computation we need the temporary counter |\count@|.
+
+\beginprog
+\newcount\count_mod_viii
+\def\mod_viii#1{%
+ \count@ #1\relax \count_mod_viii\count@
+ \divide \count@ 8\relax
+ \multiply \count@ 8\relax
+ \advance \count_mod_viii -\count@
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect Now we can declare |\print_tab|. We must remember that
+|\char_count| was incremented already, if we set only one blank
+character the counter keeps untouched.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\print_tab{%
+ \loop \space \mod_viii\char_count
+ \ifnum \count_mod_viii>\z@
+ \advance \char_count\@ne
+ \repeat
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect If the rest of the line is empty, we are ready. |\char_count|
+is reset to~1 for the next line.
+
+Inside the |\else| part of |\ifx| |\print_char| should not be used
+directly because this costs too much storage of \TeX{}. Instead we
+set a control sequence |\next| that is processed afterwards, depending
+on the result of the comparison. If there is still something to set,
+we use |\print_char| again, otherwise a syntactically similar macro
+that expands to |\relax|.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\print_rest_of_line#1{%
+ \def\@line{#1}%
+ \ifx \@line\empty \char_count\@ne
+ \def\next##1\end_line{\relax}%
+ \else \let\next\print_char
+ \fi
+ \next#1\end_line
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+
+
+\chap Document Structuring.
+
+The layout of the document shall be like in \WEB{}. This can be done
+easily in Plain. If \LaTeX{} shall be used for the document
+preparation, this part of the macro must be eliminated. It will also
+be better to include the program parts \LaTeX-like as an environment
+between |\begin{prog}| and |\end{prog}| and to define control
+sequences |\makebaractive| and |\makebarother| for the switch of the
+special meaning of the vertical bar (`{\tt \origvert\/}') (for the
+{\tt tabular\/} environment!)
+
+All sections are enumerated, the number of the next section is stored
+in the counter |\sectno|. We differenciate between main sections
+which start a group of sections and between normal sections within a
+group.
+
+\beginprog
+\newcount\sectno \sectno=\@ne
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect The main sections are started with the macro |\chap| that has
+one parameter, the title of the section group. This parameter must be
+terminated by a dot. We start a new page, typeset the title in bold
+face and separate it from the section text with a |\medskip|. This
+text, the documentation part of the section, is formatted without
+paragraph indentation.
+
+The deletion of the paragraph indentation is done with |\everypar|.
+We do not care if |\everypar| is used for something else and delete it
+after usage.
+
+The section number is marked to appear {\it via\/} |\topmark| in the
+headline, the title goes as a running head into the headline too. The
+section number is displayed on the terminal as a progress report, and title,
+section and page number are recorded in the contents file.
+
+\begingroup \sl
+The dealing with |\everypar| should not be so cruel.
+\endgroup
+
+\beginprog
+\def\chap#1.{%
+ \mark{\number\sectno}
+ \endgraf
+ \vfill\eject
+ \def\rhead{\uppercase{\ignorespaces#1}} % define running headline
+ \message{*\number\sectno} % progress report
+ \let\Z=\let % now you can \send the control sequence \Z
+ \edef\next{\write\cont{\Z{#1}{\number\sectno}{\the\pageno}}}\next % to contents file
+ \noindent {\bf \number\sectno.\quad #1.}%
+ \advance \sectno\@ne
+ \endgraf
+ \medskip \nobreak
+ \everypar{%
+ \setbox0\lastbox
+ \global\everypar{}%
+ }%
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+\sect Normal sections are started with |\sect|. This macro has no
+parameter. Between two paragraphs we set 2~pica space (if possible)
+and prefer the page breaking. Between the section number and the text
+one quad of space is set.
+
+\begingroup \sl
+The page break manipulation could be more sophisticated.
+\endgroup
+
+\beginprog
+\def\sect{%
+ \mark{\number\sectno}
+ \endgraf
+ \vskip 2pc plus 1pc minus 6dd \goodbreak
+ \noindent {\bf \number\sectno.}\advance \sectno\@ne
+ \quad \ignorespaces
+ }
+\endprog
+
+
+\chap Formatting.
+The macros in this chapter are extracted from \.{WEBMAC.TEX}, while most of
+the documentation is taken from Appendix~G of the ``\.{WEB} User Manual''.
+The macros in \.{docmac} make it possible to produce a variety of formats,
+and the purpose of this appendix is to explain some of the possibilities.
+Displayed examples, that are included in the documentation, come out centered
+to distinguish them from program text, which is flushleft.
+
+\def\lpile{\def\cr{\hfill\endline}\matrix} % I [D E Knuth] only use \lpile by itself
+
+\sect We begin the formatting part with some declarations that should make
+look the output a little better for documenting programs.
+
+\beginprog
+\parskip 0pt % no stretch between paragraphs
+\parindent 1em % for paragraphs and for the first line of Pascal text
+\endprog
+
+\sect Three fonts have been declared in addition to the standard fonts of
+\.{PLAIN} format: You can say `\.{\{\\sc stuff\}}' to get {\sc stuff}
+in small caps; and you can select the largish fonts \.{\\titlefont}
+and \.{\\ttitlefont} in the title of your document, where \.{\\ttitlefont}
+is a typewriter style of type.
+
+\beginprog
+\font\eightrm=cmr8
+\font\sc=cmcsc10 % this IS a caps-and-small-caps font!
+\let\mainfont=\tenrm
+\font\titlefont=cmr7 scaled\magstep4 % title on the contents page
+\font\ttitlefont=cmtt10 scaled\magstep2 % typewriter type in title
+%\font\tentex=cmtex10 % TeX extended character set (used in strings)
+ % already defined above
+\fontdimen7\tentex=0pt % no extra space after punctuation
+\endprog
+
+\sect You can say `\.{\\\\\{identifier\}}' to set \\{identifier} in
+italics.
+
+To get typewriter-like type, as when referring to `\.{WEB}', you
+can use the `\.{\\.}' macro (e.g., `\.{\\.\{WEB\}}'). In the argument to
+this macro you should insert an additional backslash before the symbols
+listed below, i.e.,
+before backslashes and dollar signs and the like.
+A `\.{\\\ }' here will result in the visible space symbol; to get an
+invisible space following a control sequence you can say `\.{\{\ \}}'.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\\#1{\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\|#1{\hbox{$#1$}} % one-letter identifiers look a bit better this way
+\def\&#1{\hbox{\bf#1\/}} % boldface type for reserved words
+\def\.#1{\hbox{\tentex % typewriter type for strings
+ \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string
+ \let\'=\RQ % right quote in a string
+ \let\`=\LQ % left quote in a string
+ \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
+ \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
+ \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string
+ \let\ =\SP % space in a string
+ \let\_=\UL % underline in a string
+ \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string
+ #1}}
+\def\#{\hbox{\tt\char`\#}} % parameter sign
+\def\${\hbox{\tt\char`\$}} % dollar sign
+\def\%{\hbox{\tt\char`\%}} % percent sign
+\def\^{\ifmmode\mathchar"222 \else\char`^ \fi} % pointer or hat
+% circumflex accents can be obtained from \^^D instead of \^
+\def\AT!{@} % at sign for control text
+
+\chardef\AM=`\& % ampersand character in a string
+\chardef\BS=`\\ % backslash in a string
+\chardef\LB=`\{ % left brace in a string
+\def\LQ{{\tt\char'22}} % left quote in a string
+\chardef\RB=`\} % right brace in a string
+\def\RQ{{\tt\char'23}} % right quote in a string
+\def\SP{{\tt\char`\ }} % (visible) space in a string
+\chardef\TL=`\~ % tilde in a string
+\chardef\UL=`\_ % underline character in a string
+\endprog
+
+\sect The three control sequences \.{\\pagewidth}, \.{\\pageheight},
+and \.{\\fullpageheight} can be redefined in the limbo section at the
+beginning of your source file, to change the dimensions of each page.
+The standard settings
+$$\lpile{\.{\\pagewidth=6.5in}\cr
+ \.{\\pageheight=8.7in}\cr
+ \.{\\fullpageheight=9in}\cr}$$
+were used to prepare the present report; \.{\\fullpageheight} is
+\.{\\pageheight} plus room for the additional heading and page numbers at
+the top of each page. If you change any of these quantities, you should
+call the macro \.{\\setpage} immediately after making the change.
+
+The \.{\\pageshift} macro defines an amount by which right-hand
+pages (i.e., odd-numbered pages) are shifted right with respect to
+left-hand (even-numbered) ones. By adjusting this amount you may be
+able to get two-sided output in which the page numbers line up on
+opposite sides of each sheet.
+
+\beginprog
+\newdimen\pagewidth \pagewidth=6.5in % the width of each page
+\newdimen\pageheight \pageheight=8.7in % the height of each page
+\newdimen\fullpageheight \fullpageheight=9in % page height including headlines
+\newdimen\pageshift \pageshift=0in % shift righthand pages wrt lefthand ones
+\def\magnify#1{\mag=#1\pagewidth=6.5truein\pageheight=8.7truein
+ \fullpageheight=9truein\setpage}
+\def\setpage{\hsize\pagewidth\vsize\pageheight} % use after changing page size
+\endprog
+
+\sect The \.{\\title} macro will appear at the top of each page
+in small caps. For example, this document was produced after saying
+`\.{\\def\\title\{DOCMAC\}}'.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\lheader{\mainfont\the\pageno\eightrm\qquad\rhead\hfill\title\qquad
+ \tensy x\mainfont\topmark} % top line on left-hand pages
+\def\rheader{\tensy x\mainfont\topmark\eightrm\qquad\title\hfill\rhead
+ \qquad\mainfont\the\pageno} % top line on right-hand pages
+\def\page{\box255 }
+\def\normaloutput#1#2#3{\ifodd\pageno\hoffset=\pageshift\fi
+ \shipout\vbox{
+ \vbox to\fullpageheight{
+ \iftitle\global\titlefalse
+ \else\hbox to\pagewidth{\vbox to10pt{}\ifodd\pageno #3\else#2\fi}\fi
+ \vfill#1}} % parameter #1 is the page itself
+ \global\advance\pageno by1}
+
+\def\rhead{\.{DOCMAC} OUTPUT} % this running head is reset by starred sections
+\def\title{} % an optional title can be set by the user
+\endprog
+
+\sect The first page usually is assigned page number 1.
+To start on page 16, with contents
+on page 15, say this: `\.{\\def\\contentspagenumber\{15\}}
+\.{\\pageno=\\contentspagenumber} \.{\\advance\\pageno by 1}'.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\contentspagenumber{0} % default page number for table of contents
+\endprog
+
+\sect The macro \.{\\iftitle} will suppress the header line if it is
+defined by `\.{\\titletrue}'. The normal value is \.{\\titlefalse}
+except for the table of contents; thus, the contents
+page is usually unnumbered.
+
+Two macros are provided to give flexibility to the table of
+contents: \.{\\topofcontents} is invoked just before the contents
+info is read, and \.{\\botofcontents} is invoked just after.
+For example, you can define:
+$$\lpile{\.{\\def\\topofcontents\{\\null\\vfill}\cr
+ \.{ { }\\titlefalse \% include headline on the contents page}\cr
+ \.{ { }\\def\\rheader\{\\mainfont Appendix D\\hfil 15\}}\cr
+ \.{ { }\\centerline\{\\titlefont The \{\\ttitlefont WEAVE\}{ }processor\}}\cr
+ \.{ { }\\vskip 15pt \\centerline\{(Version 4)\}{ }\\vfill\}}\cr}$$
+Redefining \.{\\rheader}, which is the headline for right-hand pages,
+suffices in this case to put the desired information at the top of the
+contents page.
+
+\beginprog
+\newif\iftitle
+
+\def\topofcontents{\centerline{\titlefont\title}
+ \vfill} % this material will start the table of contents page
+\def\botofcontents{\vfill} % this material will end the table of contents page
+\endprog
+
+\sect Data for the table of contents is written to a file that
+is read when |\contentspage| is called; there's one line of data
+for every starred module. For example, when this document was being created, a
+file \.{DOCMAC.TOC} containing
+$$\lpile{\.{\\Z \{{ }Introduction\}\{1\}\{1\}}\cr
+ \.{\\Z \{{ }Local Verbatim Formatting\}\{3\}\{2\}}\cr}$$
+and similar lines was created. The \.{\\topofcontents} macro could
+redefine \.{\\Z} so that the information appears in another format.
+
+\beginprog
+\def\contentsfile{\jobname.toc} % file that gets table of contents info
+\def\readcontents{\expandafter\input \contentsfile}
+
+\newwrite\cont
+\output{\setbox0=\page % the first page is garbage
+ \openout\cont=\contentsfile
+ \global\output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}}
+\setpage
+\vbox to \vsize{} % the first \topmark won't be null
+
+\def\con{%
+ \write\cont{} % ensure that the contents file isn't empty
+ \closeout\cont % the contents information has been fully gathered
+ \par\vfill\eject % finish the preceding page
+ \rightskip 0pt \hyphenpenalty 50 \tolerance 200
+ \setpage
+ \output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
+ \titletrue % prepare to output the table of contents
+ \pageno=\contentspagenumber \def\rhead{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
+ \message{Table of contents:}
+ \topofcontents
+ \line{\hfil Section\hbox to3em{\hss Page}}
+ \def\Z##1##2##3{\line{\ignorespaces##1
+ \leaders\hbox to .5em{.\hfil}\hfil\ ##2\hbox to3em{\hss##3}}}
+ \readcontents\relax % read the contents info
+ \botofcontents \end} % print the contents page(s) and terminate
+\let\contentspage=\con
+\endprog
+
+\sect Sometimes it is necessary or desirable to divide the output of
+\.{docmac} into subfiles that can be processed separately. For example,
+the listing of \TeX\ runs to more than 500 pages, and that is enough to
+exceed the capacity of many printing devices and/or their software.
+When an extremely large job isn't cut into smaller pieces, the entire
+process might be spoiled by a single error of some sort, making it
+necessary to start everything over.
+
+Here's a safe way to break a docmac'ed file into three parts:
+Say the pieces are $\alpha$,
+$\beta$, and $\gamma$, where each piece begins with a starred module.
+All macros should be defined in the opening limbo section of $\alpha$,
+and copies of this \TeX\ code should be placed at the
+beginning of $\beta$ and of $\gamma$. In order to process the parts
+separately, we need to take care of two things: The starting page
+numbers of $\beta$ and $\gamma$ need to be set up properly, and
+the table of contents data from all three runs needs to be
+accumulated.
+
+The \.{docmac} macros include two control sequences \.{\\contentsfile} and
+\.{\\readcontents} that facilitate the necessary processing. We include
+`\.{\\def\\contentsfile\{CONT1\}}' in the limbo section of~$\alpha$, we
+include `\.{\\def\\contentsfile\{CONT2\}}' in the limbo section of~$\beta$,
+and we include `\.{\\def\\contentsfile\{CONT3\}}' in the limbo section
+of~$\gamma$; this causes \TeX\ to write the contents data for
+$\alpha$,~$\beta$, and~$\gamma$ into \.{CONT1.TEX}, \.{CONT2.TEX}, and
+\.{CONT3.TEX}. Now in~$\gamma$ we say $$\.{\\def\\readcontents\{\\input CONT1
+\\input CONT2 \\input CONT3\}};$$ this brings in the data from all three
+pieces, in the proper order.
+
+However, we still need to solve the page-numbering problem. One way to
+do it is to include the following in the limbo material for $\beta$:
+$$\lpile{\.{\\message\{Please type the last page number of part 1: \}}\cr
+ \.{\\read -1 to \\temp \\pageno=\\temp \\advance\\pageno by 1}\cr}$$
+Then you simply provide the necessary data when \TeX\ requests
+it; a similar construction is used at the beginning of $\gamma$.
+
+This method can, of course, be used to divide a docmac'ed file into
+any number of pieces.
+
+\sect The counter \.{\\sectno} is set to the number of the
+module being typeset.
+
+\sect We are finished and just have to restore the category codes.
+
+\beginprog
+\catcode`\@=\atcode
+\catcode`\_=\uscode
+
+\endinput
+\endprog
+
+
+
+
+
+\contentspage
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/docmac.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/docmac.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c832c74f1cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/abstyles/docmac.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+\chardef\escape=0
+\chardef\letter=11
+\chardef\other=12
+%\chardef\active=13 % is defined in Plain already
+
+\chardef\atcode=\catcode`\@
+\chardef\uscode=\catcode`\_
+
+\catcode`\@=\letter
+\catcode`\_=\letter
+\font\tentex=cmtex10 % typewriter extended ASCII 10pt
+\let\ttex=\tentex % only for PLAIN with base size 10pt
+
+\def\setup_verbatim{%
+ \def\do##1{\catcode`##1\other}\dospecials
+ \parskip\z@skip \parindent\z@
+ \obeylines \obeyspaces \obeytabs \frenchspacing
+ \ttex
+ }
+
+\let\tab=\space
+\begingroup
+ \catcode`\^^I=\active% % Attention: no tabs!
+ \gdef\obeytabs{\catcode`\^^I=\active\def^^I{\tab}}
+ \global\let^^I=\tab% % if an active tab appears in a \write
+\endgroup
+\let\origvert=|
+\chardef\vbar=`\|
+
+\catcode`\|=\active
+
+\def|{%
+ \leavevmode
+ \hbox\bgroup
+ \let\par\space \setup_verbatim
+ \let|\egroup
+ }
+\newif\if@print
+
+\def\beginprog{%
+ \endgraf
+ \bigbreak
+ \begingroup
+ \setup_verbatim \catcode`\|\other
+ \@printtrue
+ \ignore_rest_line
+ }
+\let\end_verbatim=\endgroup % internal command !
+\begingroup
+ \obeylines% % ^^M is active! ==> every line must end with %
+ \gdef\ignore_rest_line#1^^M{\set_next_line}%
+ \gdef\set_next_line#1^^M{\do_set{#1}}%
+\endgroup
+
+\def\do_set#1{%
+ \endgraf
+ \check_print{#1}%
+ \if@print \indent \print_char#1\end_line\end_line
+ \else \let\set_next_line\end_verbatim
+ \fi
+ \set_next_line
+ }
+\let\end_line=\relax
+\begingroup
+\obeyspaces\obeytabs
+\gdef\check_print#1{\cut_at_tab#1^^I\end_line}
+\gdef\cut_at_tab#1^^I#2\end_line{\check_first_part#1 \end_line}% blank !
+\gdef\check_first_part#1 #2\end_line{\do_check{#1}}
+\endgroup
+\def\do_check#1{%
+ \def\@line{#1}%
+ \ifx \@line\@endverbatim \@printfalse
+ \fi
+ }
+
+{\catcode`\|=\escape \catcode`\\=\other % | is temporary escape char
+ |gdef|@endverbatim{\endprog} % sample line
+} % here \endgroup can't be used
+\newcount\char_count \char_count\@ne
+
+\def\print_char#1#2\end_line{%
+ \print_first_char{#1}%
+ \print_rest_of_line{#2}%
+ }
+{\obeytabs\gdef\@tab{^^I}}
+
+\def\print_first_char#1{%
+ \def\@char{#1}%
+ \advance \char_count\@ne
+ \ifx \@char\@tab \print_tab
+ \else \@char
+ \fi
+ }
+\newcount\count_mod_viii
+\def\mod_viii#1{%
+ \count@ #1\relax \count_mod_viii\count@
+ \divide \count@ 8\relax
+ \multiply \count@ 8\relax
+ \advance \count_mod_viii -\count@
+ }
+\def\print_tab{%
+ \loop \space \mod_viii\char_count
+ \ifnum \count_mod_viii>\z@
+ \advance \char_count\@ne
+ \repeat
+ }
+\def\print_rest_of_line#1{%
+ \def\@line{#1}%
+ \ifx \@line\empty \char_count\@ne
+ \def\next##1\end_line{\relax}%
+ \else \let\next\print_char
+ \fi
+ \next#1\end_line
+ }
+\newcount\sectno \sectno=\@ne
+\def\chap#1.{%
+ \mark{\number\sectno}
+ \endgraf
+ \vfill\eject
+ \def\rhead{\uppercase{\ignorespaces#1}} % define running headline
+ \message{*\number\sectno} % progress report
+ \let\Z=\let % now you can \send the control sequence \Z
+ \edef\next{\write\cont{\Z{#1}{\number\sectno}{\the\pageno}}}\next % to contents file
+ \noindent {\bf \number\sectno.\quad #1.}%
+ \advance \sectno\@ne
+ \endgraf
+ \medskip \nobreak
+ \everypar{%
+ \setbox0\lastbox
+ \global\everypar{}%
+ }%
+ }
+\def\sect{%
+ \mark{\number\sectno}
+ \endgraf
+ \vskip 2pc plus 1pc minus 6dd \goodbreak
+ \noindent {\bf \number\sectno.}\advance \sectno\@ne
+ \quad \ignorespaces
+ }
+\parskip 0pt % no stretch between paragraphs
+\parindent 1em % for paragraphs and for the first line of Pascal text
+\font\eightrm=cmr8
+\font\sc=cmcsc10 % this IS a caps-and-small-caps font!
+\let\mainfont=\tenrm
+\font\titlefont=cmr7 scaled\magstep4 % title on the contents page
+\font\ttitlefont=cmtt10 scaled\magstep2 % typewriter type in title
+%\font\tentex=cmtex10 % TeX extended character set (used in strings)
+ % already defined above
+\fontdimen7\tentex=0pt % no extra space after punctuation
+\def\\#1{\hbox{\it#1\/\kern.05em}} % italic type for identifiers
+\def\|#1{\hbox{$#1$}} % one-letter identifiers look a bit better this way
+\def\&#1{\hbox{\bf#1\/}} % boldface type for reserved words
+\def\.#1{\hbox{\tentex % typewriter type for strings
+ \let\\=\BS % backslash in a string
+ \let\'=\RQ % right quote in a string
+ \let\`=\LQ % left quote in a string
+ \let\{=\LB % left brace in a string
+ \let\}=\RB % right brace in a string
+ \let\~=\TL % tilde in a string
+ \let\ =\SP % space in a string
+ \let\_=\UL % underline in a string
+ \let\&=\AM % ampersand in a string
+ #1}}
+\def\#{\hbox{\tt\char`\#}} % parameter sign
+\def\${\hbox{\tt\char`\$}} % dollar sign
+\def\%{\hbox{\tt\char`\%}} % percent sign
+\def\^{\ifmmode\mathchar"222 \else\char`^ \fi} % pointer or hat
+% circumflex accents can be obtained from \^^D instead of \^
+\def\AT!{@} % at sign for control text
+
+\chardef\AM=`\& % ampersand character in a string
+\chardef\BS=`\\ % backslash in a string
+\chardef\LB=`\{ % left brace in a string
+\def\LQ{{\tt\char'22}} % left quote in a string
+\chardef\RB=`\} % right brace in a string
+\def\RQ{{\tt\char'23}} % right quote in a string
+\def\SP{{\tt\char`\ }} % (visible) space in a string
+\chardef\TL=`\~ % tilde in a string
+\chardef\UL=`\_ % underline character in a string
+\newdimen\pagewidth \pagewidth=6.5in % the width of each page
+\newdimen\pageheight \pageheight=8.7in % the height of each page
+\newdimen\fullpageheight \fullpageheight=9in % page height including headlines
+\newdimen\pageshift \pageshift=0in % shift righthand pages wrt lefthand ones
+\def\magnify#1{\mag=#1\pagewidth=6.5truein\pageheight=8.7truein
+ \fullpageheight=9truein\setpage}
+\def\setpage{\hsize\pagewidth\vsize\pageheight} % use after changing page size
+\def\lheader{\mainfont\the\pageno\eightrm\qquad\rhead\hfill\title\qquad
+ \tensy x\mainfont\topmark} % top line on left-hand pages
+\def\rheader{\tensy x\mainfont\topmark\eightrm\qquad\title\hfill\rhead
+ \qquad\mainfont\the\pageno} % top line on right-hand pages
+\def\page{\box255 }
+\def\normaloutput#1#2#3{\ifodd\pageno\hoffset=\pageshift\fi
+ \shipout\vbox{
+ \vbox to\fullpageheight{
+ \iftitle\global\titlefalse
+ \else\hbox to\pagewidth{\vbox to10pt{}\ifodd\pageno #3\else#2\fi}\fi
+ \vfill#1}} % parameter #1 is the page itself
+ \global\advance\pageno by1}
+
+\def\rhead{\.{DOCMAC} OUTPUT} % this running head is reset by starred sections
+\def\title{} % an optional title can be set by the user
+\def\contentspagenumber{0} % default page number for table of contents
+\newif\iftitle
+
+\def\topofcontents{\centerline{\titlefont\title}
+ \vfill} % this material will start the table of contents page
+\def\botofcontents{\vfill} % this material will end the table of contents page
+\def\contentsfile{\jobname.toc} % file that gets table of contents info
+\def\readcontents{\expandafter\input \contentsfile}
+
+\newwrite\cont
+\output{\setbox0=\page % the first page is garbage
+ \openout\cont=\contentsfile
+ \global\output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}}
+\setpage
+\vbox to \vsize{} % the first \topmark won't be null
+
+\def\con{%
+ \write\cont{} % ensure that the contents file isn't empty
+ \closeout\cont % the contents information has been fully gathered
+ \par\vfill\eject % finish the preceding page
+ \rightskip 0pt \hyphenpenalty 50 \tolerance 200
+ \setpage
+ \output{\normaloutput\page\lheader\rheader}
+ \titletrue % prepare to output the table of contents
+ \pageno=\contentspagenumber \def\rhead{TABLE OF CONTENTS}
+ \message{Table of contents:}
+ \topofcontents
+ \line{\hfil Section\hbox to3em{\hss Page}}
+ \def\Z##1##2##3{\line{\ignorespaces##1
+ \leaders\hbox to .5em{.\hfil}\hfil\ ##2\hbox to3em{\hss##3}}}
+ \readcontents\relax % read the contents info
+ \botofcontents \end} % print the contents page(s) and terminate
+\let\contentspage=\con
+\catcode`\@=\atcode
+\catcode`\_=\uscode
+
+\endinput