germbib bibtex update, avoiding clashes and spurious ^M

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@2367 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751

17 files changed, 3842 insertions, 26 deletions

diff --git a/Build/cdbuild/ctan2tds.pl b/Build/cdbuild/ctan2tds.pl
index d8bb7ddb69f..8fb5310e642 100755
--- a/Build/cdbuild/ctan2tds.pl
+++ b/Build/cdbuild/ctan2tds.pl
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ chdir $startdir || die "chdir($startdir) failed: $!";
  'fragments',	"print \"Not installing fragments (not a package) \n\"",
  'frankenstein',"print \"Not installing frankenstein, to be replaced\n\"",
  'frcursive',	"&MAKEflatten",
- 'germbib',	"&MAKEflatten",
+ 'germbib',	"&MAKEgermbib",
  'graphics',	"&MAKEcopy",  # we use latex-tds/graphics.zip
  'hfbright',	"&MAKEflatten",
  'hfoldsty',	"&MAKEflatten",
@@ -412,6 +412,7 @@ $standardfoundry='public';
  'fpl',		'fonts',
  'frcursive',	'fonts',
  'genmisc',	'generic',
+ 'germbib',	'bibtex',
  'gost',	'bibtex',
  'greenpoint',	'fonts',
  'hfoldsty',	'fonts',
@@ -514,7 +515,8 @@ $standardfmt='latex';
  'fontspec',	'xetex',
  'fourier',	'fonts',
  'frcursive',	'fonts',
- 'genmisc',	"generic",
+ 'genmisc',	'generic',
+ 'germbib',	'bibtex',
  'gost',	'bibtex',
  'greepoint',	'fonts',
  'hfoldsty',	'fonts',
@@ -894,6 +896,7 @@ $standardbst='\.bst';
  'doipubmed',	'NULL',
  'economic',	'NULL',
  'eplain',	'NULL',
+ 'germbib',	'NULL',  # no second xampl.bib, test bibs, etc.
  'mslapa',	'NULL',
  'munich',	'NULL',
  'pst-labo',	'NULL',
@@ -1660,6 +1663,23 @@ sub MAKEfp {
  &donormal;
 }
 
+sub MAKEgermbib {
+  &xchdir ($packagedir);
+  #
+  print "\t SPECIAL $package remove symlinks\n";
+  &SYSTEM ("find . -type l | xargs --no-run-if-empty rm");
+  #
+  # we can't conflict with standard apalike.sty.
+  print "\t SPECIAL $package rename second apalike.sty\n";
+  &SYSTEM ("$MV styles/apalike.sty styles/apalike.germbib_sty");
+  #
+  # spurious ^M's.
+  &SYSTEM ("perl -pie 'tr/\r//' document/btxdoc.tex");
+  #
+  &xchdir ("..");  
+  &MAKEflatten ();
+}
+
 sub MAKEhyperref {
   &xchdir ($packagedir);
   #
diff --git a/Build/tools/tpm-ctan-check b/Build/tools/tpm-ctan-check
index 0dddec8b42a..5abdadf5822 100755
--- a/Build/tools/tpm-ctan-check
+++ b/Build/tools/tpm-ctan-check
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ my @WorkingTPM = qw(
          floatrow flowfram 
          fltpoint fmtcount fncychap foekfont fontch fontspec forloop formular
          fourier free-math-font-survey frenchle
-       galois genmisc genmpage glossary gnuplottex gost graphics
+       galois genmisc genmpage germbib glossary gnuplottex gost graphics
          graphicx-psmin grnumalt
        hepthesis hhtensor hrlatex hyperref hyplain hyphen-base hyphen-basque
          hyphen-german 
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/README.bibgerm b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/README.bibgerm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c144d5eaf54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/README.bibgerm
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+REAMDE to bibgerm.sty
+=====================
+
+History:
+
+- Macros for german `BibTeX'ing added to Style Option `german' 20 Apr 1993
+  idea and languages `german' and `USenglish' implemented by M. Wallmeier
+- Modified for LaTeX 2e and german.sty 2.5b by A. Scherer 1 Nov 1995
+- Modified for ngerman.sty and babel.sty by H. Harders 21 August 2000
+
+
+The package bibgerm.sty now supports the language packages ngerman.sty and
+babel.sty. 
+If using LaTeX2e you can load either german.sty, ngerman.sty or babel.sty 
+before or after bibgerm.sty. If none of these packages is used bibgerm 
+behaves as before and loads german.sty.
+If using LaTeX 2.09 you can load german.sty or ngerman.sty _before_ 
+bibgerm.sty.
+
+The file test/testbibgerm.tex tests the new version of bibgerm.sty.
+
+2000-08-21
+Harald harders
+h.harders@tu-bs.de
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.doc b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.doc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8861e11e21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.doc
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+% apalike.sty style, used in conjunction with apalike.bst,
+% will produce an apa-like bibliography style:
+%
+% 1) Bibliography entries formatted alphabetically, last name
+%    first, each entry having a hanging indentation and no label.
+% 2) References in the following formats:
+%		(Author, 1986)
+%		(Author and Author, 1986)
+%		(Author et al., 1986).
+% 3) Multiple references in the form (Author1, 1986; Author2, 1987)
+%
+% To be used as an optional argument to the \documentstyle command; for example
+%	\documentstyle[11pt,apalike]{book}
+%
+% 16-Sep-86, original version by Susan King and Oren Patashnik.
+% 13-Oct-87 changes:
+%	Fixed bug in last line by adding the {} that disappeard when
+%		the \hbox{} was removed from the pre-APALIKE definition;
+%	added club and widow penalties;
+%	patched the \newblock LaTeX bug from `-.07em' to simply `.07em';
+%	and made this work for document styles that don't define `chapter'.
+%
+%
+% Use parens instead of brackets for \cite, and no label in the bibliography
+%
+\def\@cite#1#2{(#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi)}
+\def\@biblabel#1{}
+
+% Set length of hanging indentation for bibliography entries
+%
+\newlength{\bibhang}
+\setlength{\bibhang}{2em}
+
+% \thebibliography environment depends on whether or not `chapter's can exist
+%
+\@ifundefined{chapter}{\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{References\@mkboth
+  {REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list
+  {\relax}{\setlength{\labelsep}{0em}
+	\setlength{\itemindent}{-\bibhang}
+	\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}}
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}%
+{\def\thebibliography#1{\chapter*{Bibliography\@mkboth
+  {BIBLIOGRAPHY}{BIBLIOGRAPHY}}\list
+  {\relax}{\setlength{\labelsep}{0em}
+	\setlength{\itemindent}{-\bibhang}
+	\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}}
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}
+
+% `; ' goes between cites, and there's no \hbox around individual cites
+%
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
+  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
+    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined
+       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}\@warning
+       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.germbib_sty b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.germbib_sty
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc5fefadb94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.germbib_sty
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+\def\@cite#1#2{(#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi)}
+\def\@biblabel#1{}
+
+\newlength{\bibhang}
+\setlength{\bibhang}{2em}
+
+\@ifundefined{chapter}{\def\thebibliography#1{\section*{\refname\@mkboth
+  {\sl\uppercase{\refname}}{\sl\uppercase{\refname}}}\list
+  {\relax}{\setlength{\labelsep}{0em}
+  \setlength{\itemindent}{-\bibhang}
+  \setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}}
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}%
+{\def\thebibliography#1{\chapter*{\bibname\@mkboth
+  {\sl\uppercase{\bibname}}{\sl\uppercase{\bibname}}}\list
+  {\relax}{\setlength{\labelsep}{0em}
+  \setlength{\itemindent}{-\bibhang}
+  \setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}}
+    \def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
+    \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
+    \sfcode`\.=1000\relax}}
+
+\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
+  \def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
+    {\@citea\def\@citea{; }\@ifundefined
+       {b@\@citeb}{{\bf ?}\@warning
+       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
+{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8f2ac454dd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+%% @texfile{
+%%   author = "Oren Patashnik",
+%%   version = "0.99a",
+%%   date = "12 Dec 1990",
+%%   filename = "apalike.tex",
+%%   address = "Please use electronic mail",
+%%   checksum = "88     707    4412",
+%%   email = "opbibtex@neon.stanford.edu",
+%%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%   supported = "yes",
+%%   docstring = "Defines macros that make apalike work with plain TeX",
+%% }
+% apalike.tex, version 0.99a, for btxmac 0.99f, BibTeX 0.99c, TeX 3.0 or later.
+% Copyright (C) 1990; all rights reserved.
+% You may copy this file provided: that it's accompanied by btxmac.tex;
+% and that either you make absolutely no changes to your copy, or if you
+% do make changes, (1) you name the file something other than
+% `apalike.tex' and you remove all occurrences of `apalike.tex' from the
+% file, (2) you put, somewhere in the first twenty lines of the file,
+% your name, along with an electronic address at which others who might
+% use the file may reach you, and (3) you remove each occurrence of
+% Oren's name and electronic address from this file.  These restrictions
+% help ensure that all standard versions of these macros are identical,
+% and that Oren doesn't get deluged with inappropriate e-mail.
+%
+% This file, apalike.tex, contains TeX macros that let you use the
+% apalike bibliography style with plain TeX.  In essence, this file
+% provides the Tex counterpart to apalike.sty, the LaTeX style file
+% required for using the apalike bibliography style.  Please report any
+% bugs (outright goofs, misfeatures, or unclear documentation) to Oren
+% Patashnik (opbibtex@neon.stanford.edu).  These macros will become
+% frozen shortly after BibTeX version 1.00 is released.
+%
+% Editorial note (i.e., flame):
+% Many journals require a style like `apalike', but I strongly, strongly,
+% strongly recommend that you not use it if you have a choice---use
+% something like `plain' instead.  Mary-Claire van Leunen (A Handbook for
+% Scholars, Knopf, 1979) argues convincingly that a style like `plain'
+% encourages better writing than one like `apalike'.  Furthermore the best
+% argument for using an author-date style like `apalike'---that it's "the
+% most practical" (The Chicago Manual of Style, University of Chicago
+% Press, thirteenth edition, 1982, pages 400--401)---falls flat on its
+% face with the new computer-typesetting technology.  For instance page 401
+% of the Chicago Manual anachronistically states "The chief disadvantage of
+% [a style like `plain'] is that additions or deletions cannot be made
+% after the manuscript is typed without changing numbers in both text
+% references and list."  With LaTeX the disadvantage obviously evaporates.
+% Moreover, apalike indulges in what I think is an execrable practice:
+% automatically abbreviating first names.  It's true that there aren't very
+% many D. E. Knuth's around, so abbreviating his first name doesn't cause
+% much confusion.  But I've personally known three D. E. Smith's, two of
+% whom have published in the same field; abbreviating their first names
+% *is* confusing.  Especially with all the citation indexes nowadays, it's
+% better to give first names exactly as they appear in the source being
+% cited.  Automatically abbreviating first names is simply bad scholarship.
+% (End of flame.)
+%
+% To use these macros you need the btxmac macros, whose purpose is to
+% let you use BibTeX with plain TeX (rather than with LaTeX); the file
+% btxmac.tex explains those macros in detail.  You simply \input apalike
+% right after you \input btxmac to invoke these macros.
+%
+%
+%   HISTORY
+%
+% Oren Patashnik wrote the original version of these macros in December
+% 1990, for use with btxmac.tex.
+%
+%   12-Dec-90  Version 0.99a, first general release.
+%
+%
+% Here, finally (I swear, I thought he was never gonna stop), are the
+% macros.  The first bunch makes the label empty and sets 2em of
+% hanging indentation for each entry.
+%
+\def\biblabelprint#1{\noindent}%
+\def\biblabelcontents#1{}%
+\def\bblhook{\biblabelextrahang = 2em}%
+%
+%
+% And the last bunch formats an in-text citation: parens around the
+% entire citation; semicolons separating individual references; and a
+% comma between a reference and its note (like `page 41') if it exists.
+%
+\def\printcitestart{(}%         left paren
+\def\printcitefinish{)}%        right parent
+\def\printbetweencitations{; }% semicolon, space
+\def\printcitenote#1{, #1}%     comma, space, note (if it exists)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxdoc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxdoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..987b1659c2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxdoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
+% Copyright (C) 1988, all rights reserved.
+
+\def\symbol#1{\char #1\relax}

+\def\bsl{{\tt\symbol{'134}}}

+\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+
+\title{B\kern-.05em{\large I}\kern-.025em{\large B}\kern-.08em\TeX ing}
+\author{Oren Patashnik}
+\date{February 8, 1988}
+
+\documentstyle[mynormal]{article}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Overview}
+
+[This document will be expanded when \BibTeX\ version 1.00 comes out.
+Please report typos, omissions, inaccuracies,
+and especially unclear explanations
+to me ({\tt patashnik@SCORE.STANFORD.EDU}).
+Suggestions for improvements are wanted and welcome.]
+
+This documentation, for \BibTeX\ version 0.99b,
+is meant for general \BibTeX\ users;
+bibliography-style designers should read this document
+and then read ``Designing \BibTeX\ Styles''~\cite{btxhak},
+which is meant for just them.
+
+This document has three parts:
+Section~\ref{differences}
+describes the differences between versions 0.98i and 0.99b
+of \BibTeX\ and between the corresponding versions of the standard styles;
+Section~\ref{latex-appendix}
+updates Appendix~B.2 of the \LaTeX\ book~\cite{latex};
+and Section~\ref{odds-and-ends}
+gives some general and specific tips
+that aren't documented elsewhere.
+It's assumed throughout that you're familiar with
+the relevant sections of the \LaTeX\ book.
+
+This documentation also serves as sample input to help
+\BibTeX\ implementors get it running.
+For most documents, this one included, you produce the reference list by:
+running \LaTeX\ on the document (to produce the {\tt aux} file(s)),
+then running \BibTeX\ (to produce the {\tt bbl} file),
+then \LaTeX\ twice more (first to find the information in the {\tt bbl} file
+and then to get the forward references correct).
+In very rare circumstances you may need an extra \BibTeX/\LaTeX\ run.
+
+\BibTeX\ version 0.99b should be used with \LaTeX\ version 2.09,
+for which the closed bibliography format is the default;
+to get the open format, use the optional document style {\tt openbib}
+(in an open format there's a line break between major blocks of a
+reference-list entry; in a closed format the blocks run together).]
+
+Note: \BibTeX\ 0.99b is not compatible with the old style files;
+nor is \BibTeX\ 0.98i compatible with the new ones
+(the new \BibTeX, however, is compatible with old database files).
+
+Note for implementors: \BibTeX\ provides logical-area names
+\hbox{\tt TEXINPUTS:} for bibliography-style files and
+\hbox{\tt TEXBIB:} for database files it can't otherwise find.
+
+
+\section{Changes}
+\label{differences}
+
+This section describes the differences between
+\BibTeX\ versions 0.98i and 0.99b, and also between
+the corresponding standard styles.
+There were a lot of differences;
+there will be a lot fewer between 0.99 and 1.00.
+
+
+\subsection{New \BibTeX\ features}
+\label{features}
+
+The following list explains \BibTeX's new features and how to use them.
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item
+With the single command `\hbox{\verb|\nocite{*}|}'
+you can now include in the reference list
+every entry in the database files, without having to explicitly
+\verb|\cite| or \hbox{\verb|\nocite|} each entry.
+Giving this command, in essence,
+\hbox{\verb|\nocite|}s
+all the enties in the database, in database order,
+at the very spot in your document
+where you give the command.
+
+\item
+\label{concat}
+You can now have as a field value (or an {\tt @STRING} definition)
+the concatenation of several strings.
+For example if you've defined
+\begin{verbatim}
+    @STRING( WGA = " World Gnus Almanac" )
+\end{verbatim}
+then it's easy to produce nearly-identical
+{\tt title} fields for different entries:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  @BOOK(almanac-66,
+    title = 1966 # WGA,
+    .  .  .
+  @BOOK(almanac-67,
+    title = 1967 # WGA,
+\end{verbatim}
+and so on.  Or, you could have a field like
+\begin{verbatim}
+    month = "1~" # jan,
+\end{verbatim}
+which would come out something like
+`\hbox{\verb|1~January|}' or `\hbox{\verb|1~Jan.|}' in the {\tt bbl} file,
+depending on how your bibliography style defines
+the {\tt jan} abbreviation.
+You may concatenate as many strings as you like
+(except that there's a limit to the overall length
+of the resulting field);
+just be sure to put the concatenation character `{\tt\#}'$\!$,
+surrounded by optional spaces or newlines,
+between each successive pair of strings.
+
+\item
+\BibTeX\ has a new cross-referencing feature,
+explained by an example.
+Suppose you say {\tt\bsl cite\{no-gnats\}} in your document,
+and suppose you have these two entries in your database file:
+\begin{verbatim}
+  @INPROCEEDINGS(no-gnats,
+    crossref = "gg-proceedings",
+    author = "Rocky Gneisser",
+    title = "No Gnats Are Taken for Granite",
+    pages = "133-139")
+  .  .  .
+  @PROCEEDINGS(gg-proceedings,
+    editor = "Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter",
+    title = "The Gnats and Gnus 1988 Proceedings",
+    booktitle = "The Gnats and Gnus 1988 Proceedings")
+\end{verbatim}
+Two things happen.
+First, the special \hbox{\tt crossref} field tells \BibTeX\
+that the \hbox{\tt no-gnats} entry should inherit
+any fields it's missing from
+the entry it cross references, \hbox{\tt gg-proceedings}.
+In this case it in inherits the two fields
+\hbox{\tt editor} and \hbox{\tt booktitle}.
+Note that, in the standard styles at least,
+the \hbox{\tt booktitle} field is irrelevant
+for the \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS} entry type.
+The \hbox{\tt booktitle} field appears here
+in the \hbox{\tt gg-proceedings} entry
+only so that the entries that cross reference it
+may inherit the field.
+No matter how many papers from this meeting exist in the database,
+this \hbox{\tt booktitle} field need only appear once.
+
+The second thing that happens:
+\BibTeX\ automatically puts the entry \hbox{\tt gg-proceedings}
+into the reference list if it's cross
+referenced by two or more entries that you
+\verb|\cite| or \hbox{\verb|\nocite|},
+even if you don't \verb|\cite| or \hbox{\verb|\nocite|}
+the \hbox{\tt gg-proceedings} entry itself.
+So \hbox{\tt gg-proceedings} will automatically appear
+on the reference list if one other entry
+besides \hbox{\tt no-gnats} cross references it.
+
+To guarantee that this scheme works, however,
+a cross-referenced entry must occur later in the database files
+than every entry that cross-references it.
+Thus, putting all cross-referenced entries at the end makes sense.
+(Moreover, you may not reliably nest cross references;
+that is, a cross-referenced entry may
+not itself reliably cross reference an entry.
+This is almost certainly not something you'd
+want to do, though.)
+
+One final note:
+This cross-referencing feature is completely unrelated
+to the old \BibTeX's cross referencing,
+which is still allowed.
+Thus, having a field like
+\begin{verbatim}
+    note = "Jones \cite{jones-proof} improves the result"
+\end{verbatim}
+is not affected by the new feature.
+
+\item
+\BibTeX\ now handles accented characters.
+For example if you have an entry with the two fields
+\begin{verbatim}
+    author = "Kurt G{\"o}del",
+    year = 1931,
+\end{verbatim}
+and if you're using the \hbox{\tt alpha} bibliography style,
+then \BibTeX\ will construct the label
+\hbox{[G{\"o}d31]} for this entry, which is what you'd want.
+To get this feature to work you must place the entire accented
+character in braces;
+in this case either \hbox{\verb|{\"o}|}
+or \hbox{\verb|{\"{o}}|} will do.
+Furthermore these braces must not themselves be
+enclosed in braces (other than the ones that might delimit
+the entire field or the entire entry);
+and there must be a backslash
+as the very first character inside the braces.
+Thus neither \hbox{\verb|{G{\"{o}}del}|}
+nor \hbox{\verb|{G\"{o}del}|} will work for this example.
+
+This feature handles all the accented characters and
+all but the nonbackslashed foreign symbols found in Tables
+3.1 and~3.2 of the \LaTeX\ book.
+This feature behaves similarly for ``accents'' you might define;
+we'll see an example shortly.
+For the purposes of counting letters in labels,
+\BibTeX\ considers everything contained inside the braces
+as a single letter.
+
+\item
+\BibTeX\ also handles hyphenated names.
+For example if you have an entry with
+\begin{verbatim}
+    author = "Jean-Paul Sartre",
+\end{verbatim}
+and if you're using the \hbox{\tt abbrv} style,
+then the result is `J.-P. Sartre'$\!$.
+
+\item
+\label{preamble}
+There's now an \hbox{\verb|@PREAMBLE|} command
+for the database files.
+This command's syntax is just like \hbox{\verb|@STRING|}'s,
+except that there is no name or equals-sign, just the string.
+Here's an example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+    @PREAMBLE{ "\newcommand{\noopsort}[1]{} "
+             # "\newcommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1} " }
+\end{verbatim}
+(note the use of concatenation here, too).
+The standard styles output whatever information you give this command
+(\LaTeX\ macros most likely) directly to the {\tt bbl} file.
+We'll look at one possible use of this command,
+based on the \hbox{\verb|\noopsort|} command just defined.
+
+The issue here is sorting (alphabetizing).
+\BibTeX\ does a pretty good job,
+but occasionally weird circumstances conspire to confuse \BibTeX:
+Suppose that you have entries in your database for
+the two books in a two-volume set by the same author,
+and that you'd like volume~1 to appear
+just before volume~2 in your reference list.
+Further suppose that there's now a second edition of volume~1,
+which came out in 1973, say,
+but that there's still just one edition of volume~2,
+which came out in 1971.
+Since the {\tt plain} standard style
+sorts by author and then year,
+it will place volume~2 first
+(because its edition came out two years earlier)
+unless you help \BibTeX.
+You can do this by using the {\tt year} fields below
+for the two volumes:
+\begin{verbatim}
+    year = "{\noopsort{a}}1973"
+    .  .  .
+    year = "{\noopsort{b}}1971"
+\end{verbatim}
+According to the definition of \hbox{\verb|\noopsort|},
+\LaTeX\ will print nothing but the true year for these fields.
+But \BibTeX\ will be perfectly happy pretending that
+\hbox{\verb|\noopsort|} specifies some fancy accent
+that's supposed to adorn the `a' and the~`b';
+thus when \BibTeX\ sorts it will pretend that
+`a1973' and `b1971' are the real years,
+and since `a' comes before~`b'$\!$, it will place volume~1 before volume~2,
+just what you wanted.
+By the way, if this author has any other works included
+in your database, you'd probably want to use instead something like
+\hbox{\verb|{\noopsort{1968a}}1973|} and
+\hbox{\verb|{\noopsort{1968b}}1971|},
+so that these two books would come out in a reasonable spot
+relative to the author's other works
+(this assumes that 1968 results in a reasonable spot,
+say because that's when the first edition of volume~1 appeared).
+
+There is a limit to the number of \hbox{\verb|@PREAMBLE|} commands
+you may use, but you'll never exceed this limit if
+you restrict yourself to one per database file;
+this is not a serious restriction,
+given the concatenation feature (item~\ref{concat}).
+
+\item
+\BibTeX's sorting algorithm is now stable.
+This means that if two entries have identical sort keys,
+those two entries will appear in citation order.
+(The bibliography styles construct these sort keys---%
+usually the author information followed by the year and the title.)
+
+\item
+\BibTeX\ no longer does case conversion for file names;
+this will make \BibTeX\ easier to install on Unix systems, for example.
+
+\item
+It's now easier to add code for processing a
+command-line {\tt aux}-file name.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\subsection{Changes to the standard styles}
+
+This section describes changes to the standard styles
+({\tt plain}, {\tt unsrt}, {\tt alpha}, {\tt abbrv})
+that affect ordinary users.
+Changes that affect style designers appear in
+the document ``Designing \BibTeX\ Styles''~\cite{btxhak}.
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item
+In general, sorting is now by ``author''$\!$, then year, then title---%
+the old versions didn't use the year field.
+(The {\tt alpha} style, however, sorts first by label,
+then ``author''$\!$, year, and title.)
+The quotes around author mean that some entry types
+might use something besides the author, like the editor or organization.
+
+\item
+Many unnecessary ties (\verb|~|) have been removed.
+\LaTeX\ thus will produce slightly fewer
+`\hbox{\tt Underfull} \verb|\hbox|' messages
+when it's formatting the reference list.
+
+\item
+Emphasizing (\hbox{\verb|{\em ...}|})
+has replaced italicizing (\hbox{\verb|{\it ...}|}).
+This will almost never result in a difference
+between the old output and the new.
+
+\item
+The {\tt alpha} style now uses a superscripted~`$^{+}$' instead of a~`*'
+to represent names omitted in constructing the label.
+If you really liked it the way it was, however,
+or if you want to omit the character entirely,
+you don't have to modify the style file---%
+you can override the~`$^{+}$' by
+redefining the \hbox{\verb|\etalchar|} command
+that the {\tt alpha} style writes onto the {\tt bbl} file
+(just preceding the \hbox{\verb|\thebibliography|} environment);
+use \LaTeX's \hbox{\verb|\renewcommand|} inside
+a database \hbox{\tt @PREAMBLE} command,
+described in the previous subsection's item~\ref{preamble}.
+
+\item
+The {\tt abbrv} style now uses `Mar.' and `Sept.'\
+for those months rather than `March' and `Sep.'
+
+\item
+The standard styles use \BibTeX's new cross-referencing feature
+by giving a \verb|\cite| of the cross-referenced entry and by
+omitting from the cross-referencing entry
+(most of the) information that appears
+in the cross-referenced entry.
+These styles do this when
+a titled thing (the cross-referencing entry)
+is part of a larger titled thing (the cross-referenced entry).
+There are five such situations:
+when (1)~an \hbox{\tt INPROCEEDINGS}
+(or \hbox{\tt CONFERENCE}, which is the same)
+cross references a \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS};
+when (2)~a {\tt BOOK}, (3)~an \hbox{\tt INBOOK},
+or (4)~an \hbox{\tt INCOLLECTION}
+cross references a {\tt BOOK}
+(in these cases, the cross-referencing entry is a single
+volume in a multi-volume work);
+and when (5)~an \hbox{\tt ARTICLE}
+cross references an \hbox{\tt ARTICLE}
+(in this case, the cross-referenced entry is really a journal,
+but there's no \hbox{\tt JOURNAL} entry type;
+this will result in warning messages about
+an empty \hbox{\tt author} and \hbox{\tt title} for the journal---%
+you should just ignore these warnings).
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt MASTERSTHESIS} and \hbox{\tt PHDTHESIS}
+entry types now take an optional {\tt type} field.
+For example you can get the standard styles to
+call your reference a `Ph.D.\ dissertation'
+instead of the default `PhD thesis' by including a
+\begin{verbatim}
+    type = "{Ph.D.} dissertation"
+\end{verbatim}
+in your database entry.
+
+\item
+Similarly, the \hbox{\tt INBOOK} and \hbox{\tt INCOLLECTION}
+entry types now take an optional {\tt type} field,
+allowing `section~1.2' instead of the default `chapter~1.2'$\!$.
+You get this by putting
+\begin{verbatim}
+    chapter = "1.2",
+    type = "Section"
+\end{verbatim}
+in your database entry.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt BOOKLET}, \hbox{\tt MASTERSTHESIS},
+and \hbox{\tt TECHREPORT} entry types now format
+their \hbox{\tt title} fields as if they were
+\hbox{\tt ARTICLE} \hbox{\tt title}s
+rather than \hbox{\tt BOOK} \hbox{\tt title}s.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS} and \hbox{\tt INPROCEEDINGS}
+entry types now use the \hbox{\tt address} field
+to tell where a conference was held,
+rather than to give the address
+of the publisher or organization.
+If you want to include the
+publisher's or organization's address,
+put it in the \hbox{\tt publisher}
+or \hbox{\tt organization} field.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt BOOK}, \hbox{\tt INBOOK}, \hbox{\tt INCOLLECTION},
+and \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS} entry types now allow either
+\hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number} (but not both),
+rather than just \hbox{\tt volume}.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt INCOLLECTION} entry type now allows
+a \hbox{\tt series} and an \hbox{\tt edition} field.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt INPROCEEDINGS} and \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS}
+entry types now allow either a \hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number},
+and also a \hbox{\tt series} field.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt UNPUBLISHED} entry type now outputs,
+in one block, the \hbox{\tt note} field
+followed by the date information.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt MANUAL} entry type now prints out
+the \hbox{\tt organization} in the first block
+if the \hbox{\tt author} field is empty.
+
+\item
+The {\tt MISC} entry type now issues a warning
+if all the optional fields are empty
+(that is, if the entire entry is empty).
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+
+\section{The Entries}
+\label{latex-appendix}
+
+This section is simply a corrected version of
+Appendix~B.2 of the \LaTeX\ book~\cite{latex},
+\copyright~1986, by Addison-Wesley.
+The basic scheme is the same, only a few details have changed.
+
+
+\subsection{Entry Types}
+
+When entering a reference in the database, the first thing to decide
+is what type of entry it is.  No fixed classification scheme can be
+complete, but \BibTeX\ provides enough entry types to handle almost
+any reference reasonably well.
+
+References to different types of publications contain different
+information; a reference to a journal article might include the volume
+and number of the journal, which is usually not meaningful for a book.
+Therefore, database entries of different types have different fields.
+For each entry type, the fields are divided into three classes:
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[required]
+Omitting the field will produce a warning message
+and, rarely, a badly formatted bibliography entry.
+If the required information is not meaningful,
+you are using the wrong entry type.
+However, if the required information is meaningful
+but, say, already included is some other field,
+simply ignore the warning.
+
+\item[optional]
+The field's information will be used if present,
+but can be omitted without causing any formatting problems.
+You should include the optional field if it will help the reader.
+
+\item[ignored]
+The field is ignored.
+\BibTeX\ ignores any field that is not required or optional, so you can include
+any fields you want in a \hbox{\tt bib} file entry.  It's a good idea
+to put all relevant information about
+a reference in its \hbox{\tt bib} file entry---even information that
+may never appear in the bibliography.  For example, if you want to
+keep an abstract of a paper in a computer file, put it in an \hbox{\tt
+abstract} field in the paper's \hbox{\tt bib} file entry.  The
+\hbox{\tt bib} file is likely to be as good a place as any for the
+abstract, and it is possible to design a bibliography style for
+printing selected abstracts.
+Note: Misspelling a field name will
+result in its being ignored,
+so watch out for typos
+(especially for optional fields,
+since \BibTeX\ won't warn you when those are missing).
+
+\end{description}
+
+The following are the standard entry types, along with their required
+and optional fields, that are used by the standard bibliography styles.
+The fields within each class (required or optional)
+are listed in order of occurrence in the output,
+except that a few entry types may perturb the order slightly,
+depending on what fields are missing.
+These entry types are similar to those adapted by Brian Reid
+from the classification scheme of van~Leunen~\cite{van-leunen}
+for use in the {\em Scribe\/} system.
+The meanings of the individual fields are explained in the next section.
+Some nonstandard bibliography styles may ignore some optional fields
+in creating the reference.
+Remember that, when used in the \hbox{\tt bib}
+file, the entry-type name is preceded by an \hbox{\tt @} character.
+
+\begin{description}
+\sloppy
+
+\item[article\hfill] An article from a journal or magazine.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt journal},
+\hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt volume}, \hbox{\tt number},
+\hbox{\tt pages}, \hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[book\hfill] A book with an explicit publisher.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author} or \hbox{\tt editor},
+\hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt publisher}, \hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number}, \hbox{\tt series},
+\hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt edition}, \hbox{\tt month},
+\hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[booklet\hfill] A work that is printed and bound,
+but without a named publisher or sponsoring institution.
+Required field: \hbox{\tt title}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt howpublished},
+\hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt year}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[conference\hfill] The same as {\tt INPROCEEDINGS},
+included for {\em Scribe\/} compatibility.
+
+\item[inbook\hfill] A part of a book,
+which may be a chapter (or section or whatever) and/or a range of pages.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author} or \hbox{\tt editor}, \hbox{\tt title},
+\hbox{\tt chapter} and/or \hbox{\tt pages}, \hbox{\tt publisher},
+\hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number}, \hbox{\tt series},
+\hbox{\tt type}, \hbox{\tt address},
+\hbox{\tt edition}, \hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[incollection\hfill] A part of a book having its own title.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt booktitle},
+\hbox{\tt publisher}, \hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt editor}, \hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number},
+\hbox{\tt series}, \hbox{\tt type}, \hbox{\tt chapter}, \hbox{\tt pages},
+\hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt edition}, \hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[inproceedings\hfill] An article in a conference proceedings.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt booktitle},
+\hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt editor}, \hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number},
+\hbox{\tt series}, \hbox{\tt pages}, \hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt month},
+\hbox{\tt organization}, \hbox{\tt publisher}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[manual\hfill] Technical documentation.  Required field: \hbox{\tt title}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt organization},
+\hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt edition}, \hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt year},
+\hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[mastersthesis\hfill] A Master's thesis.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt school},
+\hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt type}, \hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt month},
+\hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[misc\hfill] Use this type when nothing else fits.
+Required fields: none.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt howpublished},
+\hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt year}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[phdthesis\hfill] A PhD thesis.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt school},
+\hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt type}, \hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt month},
+\hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[proceedings\hfill] The proceedings of a conference.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt editor}, \hbox{\tt volume} or \hbox{\tt number},
+\hbox{\tt series}, \hbox{\tt address}, \hbox{\tt month},
+\hbox{\tt organization}, \hbox{\tt publisher}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+
+\item[techreport\hfill] A report published by a school or other institution,
+usually numbered within a series.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author},
+\hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt institution}, \hbox{\tt year}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt type}, \hbox{\tt number}, \hbox{\tt address},
+\hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+
+\item[unpublished\hfill] A document having an author and title,
+but not formally published.
+Required fields: \hbox{\tt author}, \hbox{\tt title}, \hbox{\tt note}.
+Optional fields: \hbox{\tt month}, \hbox{\tt year}.
+
+\end{description}
+
+In addition to the fields listed above, each entry type also has an
+optional \hbox{\tt key} field, used in some styles
+for alphabetizing, for cross referencing,
+or for forming a \hbox{\verb|\bibitem|} label.
+You should include a \hbox{\tt key} field for any entry whose
+``author'' information is missing;
+the ``author'' information is usually the \hbox{\tt author} field,
+but for some entry types it can be the \hbox{\tt editor}
+or even the \hbox{\tt organization} field
+(Section~\ref{odds-and-ends} describes this in more detail).
+Do not confuse the \hbox{\tt key} field with the key that appears in the
+\hbox{\verb|\cite|} command and at the beginning of the database entry;
+this field is named ``key'' only for compatibility with {\it Scribe}.
+
+
+\subsection{Fields}
+
+Below is a description of all fields
+recognized by the standard bibliography styles.
+An entry can also contain other fields, which are ignored by those styles.
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[address\hfill]
+Usually the address of the \hbox{\tt publisher} or other type
+of institution.
+For major publishing houses,
+van~Leunen recommends omitting the information entirely.
+For small publishers, on the other hand, you can help the
+reader by giving the complete address.
+
+\item[annote\hfill]
+An annotation.
+It is not used by the standard bibliography styles,
+but may be used by others that produce an annotated bibliography.
+
+\item[author\hfill]
+The name(s) of the author(s),
+in the format described in the \LaTeX\ book.
+
+\item[booktitle\hfill]
+Title of a book, part of which is being cited.
+See the \LaTeX\ book for how to type titles.
+For book entries, use the \hbox{\tt title} field instead.
+
+\item[chapter\hfill]
+A chapter (or section or whatever) number.
+
+\item[crossref\hfill]
+The database key of the entry being cross referenced.
+
+\item[edition\hfill]
+The edition of a book---for example, ``Second''$\!$.
+This should be an ordinal, and
+should have the first letter capitalized, as shown here;
+the standard styles convert to lower case when necessary.
+
+\item[editor\hfill]
+Name(s) of editor(s), typed as indicated in the \LaTeX\ book.
+If there is also an \hbox{\tt author} field, then
+the \hbox{\tt editor} field gives the editor of the book or collection
+in which the reference appears.
+
+\item[howpublished\hfill]
+How something strange has been published.
+The first word should be capitalized.
+
+\item[institution\hfill]
+The sponsoring institution of a technical report.
+
+\item[journal\hfill]
+A journal name.
+Abbreviations are provided for many journals; see the {\it Local Guide}.
+
+\item[key\hfill]
+Used for alphabetizing, cross referencing, and creating a label when
+the ``author'' information
+(described in Section~\ref{odds-and-ends}) is missing.
+This field should not be confused with the key that appears in the
+\hbox{\verb|\cite|} command and at the beginning of the database entry.
+
+\item[month\hfill]
+The month in which the work was
+published or, for an unpublished work, in which it was written.
+You should use the standard three-letter abbreviation,
+as described in Appendix B.1.3 of the \LaTeX\ book.
+
+\item[note\hfill]
+Any additional information that can help the reader.
+The first word should be capitalized.
+
+\item[number\hfill]
+The number of a journal, magazine, technical report,
+or of a work in a series.
+An issue of a journal or magazine is usually
+identified by its volume and number;
+the organization that issues a
+technical report usually gives it a number;
+and sometimes books are given numbers in a named series.
+
+\item[organization\hfill]
+The organization that sponsors a conference or that publishes a \hbox{manual}.
+
+\item[pages\hfill]
+One or more page numbers or range of numbers,
+such as \hbox{\tt 42--111} or \hbox{\tt 7,41,73--97} or \hbox{\tt 43+}
+(the `{\tt +}' in this last example indicates pages following
+that don't form a simple range).
+To make it easier to maintain {\em Scribe\/}-compatible databases,
+the standard styles convert a single dash (as in \hbox{\tt 7-33})
+to the double dash used in \TeX\ to denote number ranges
+(as in \hbox{\tt 7--33}).
+
+\item[publisher\hfill]
+The publisher's name.
+
+\item[school\hfill]
+The name of the school where a thesis was written.
+
+\item[series\hfill]
+The name of a series or set of books.
+When citing an entire book, the the \hbox{\tt title} field
+gives its title and an optional \hbox{\tt series} field gives the
+name of a series or multi-volume set
+in which the book is published.
+
+\item[title\hfill]
+The work's title, typed as explained in the \LaTeX\ book.
+
+\item[type\hfill]
+The type of a technical report---for example,
+``Research Note''$\!$.
+
+\item[volume\hfill]
+The volume of a journal or multivolume book.
+
+\item[year\hfill]
+The year of publication or, for
+an unpublished work, the year it was written.
+Generally it should consist of four numerals, such as {\tt 1984},
+although the standard styles can handle any {\tt year} whose
+last four nonpunctuation characters are numerals,
+such as `\hbox{(about 1984)}'$\!$.
+
+\end{description}
+
+
+\section{Helpful Hints}
+\label{odds-and-ends}
+
+This section gives some random tips
+that aren't documented elsewhere,
+at least not in this detail.
+They are, roughly, in order
+of least esoteric to most.
+First, however, a brief spiel.
+
+I understand that there's often little choice in choosing
+a bibliography style---journal~$X$ says you must use style~$Y$
+and that's that.
+If you have a choice, however, I strongly recommend that you
+choose something like the {\tt plain} standard style.
+Such a style, van~Leunen~\cite{van-leunen} argues convincingly,
+encourages better writing than the alternatives---%
+more concrete, more vivid.
+
+{\em The Chicago Manual of Style\/}~\cite{chicago},
+on the other hand,
+espouse the author-date system,
+in which the citation might appear in the text as `(Jones, 1986)'$\!$.
+I argue that this system,
+besides cluttering up the
+text with information that may or may not be relevant,
+encourages the passive voice and vague writing.
+Furthermore the strongest arguments for
+using the author-date system---like ``it's the most practical''---%
+fall flat on their face with the advent
+of computer-typesetting technology.
+For instance the {\em Chicago Manual\/} contains,
+right in the middle of page~401, this anachronism:
+``The chief disadvantage of [a style like {\tt plain}] is that additions
+or deletions cannot be made after the manuscript is typed without changing
+numbers in both text references and list.''
+\LaTeX, obviously, sidesteps the disadvantage.
+
+Finally, the logical deficiencies of the author-date style
+are quite evident once you've written a program to implement it.
+For example, in a large bibliography,
+using the standard alphabetizing scheme,
+the entry for `(Aho et~al., 1983b)'
+might be half a page later than the one for `(Aho et~al., 1983a)'$\!$.
+Fixing this problem results in even worse ones.
+What a mess.
+(I have, unfortunately, programmed such a style,
+and if you're saddled with an unenlightened publisher
+or if you don't buy my propaganda,
+it's available from the Rochester style collection.)
+
+Ok, so the spiel wasn't very brief;
+but it made me feel better,
+and now my blood pressure is back to normal.
+Here are the tips for using \BibTeX\
+with the standard styles
+(although many of them hold for nonstandard styles, too).
+\begin{enumerate}
+
+\item
+With \BibTeX's style-designing language
+you can program general database manipulations,
+in addition to bibliography styles.
+For example it's a fairly easy task for someone familiar with the language
+to produce a database-key/author index of all the entries in a database.
+Consult the {\em Local Guide\/} to see
+what tools are available on your system.
+
+\item
+The standard style's thirteen entry types
+do reasonably well at formatting most entries,
+but no scheme with just thirteen formats
+can do everything perfectly.
+Thus, you should feel free to be creative
+in how you use these entry types
+(but if you have to be too creative,
+there's a good chance you're using the wrong entry type).
+
+\item
+Don't take the field names too seriously.
+Sometimes, for instance, you might have to include
+the publisher's address along with the publisher's name
+in the \hbox{\tt publisher} field,
+rather than putting it in the \hbox{\tt address} field.
+Or sometimes, difficult entries work best when you
+make judicious use of the {\tt note} field.
+
+\item
+Don't take the warning messages too seriously.
+Sometimes, for instance, the year appears in the title,
+as in {\em The 1966 World Gnus Almanac}.
+In this case it's best to omit the {\tt year} field
+and to ignore \BibTeX's warning message.
+
+\item
+If you have too many names to list in an
+\hbox{\tt author} or \hbox{\tt editor} field,
+you can end the list with ``and others'';
+the standard styles appropriately append an ``et~al.''
+
+\item
+In general, if you want to keep \BibTeX\ from changing
+something to lower case, you enclose it in braces.
+You might not get the effect you want, however,
+if the very first character after the left brace is a backslash.
+The ``special characters'' item later in this section explains.
+
+\item
+For {\em Scribe\/} compatibility, the database files
+allow an \hbox{\tt @COMMENT} command; it's not really
+needed because \BibTeX\ allows in the database files
+any comment that's not within an entry.
+If you want to comment out an entry,
+simply remove the `{\tt @}' character preceding the entry type.
+
+\item
+The standard styles have journal abbreviations that are
+computer-science oriented;
+these are in the style files primarily for the example.
+If you have a different set of journal abbreviations,
+it's sensible to put them in \hbox{\tt @STRING} commands
+in their own database file and to list this database file
+as an argument to \LaTeX's \hbox{\verb|\bibliography|} command
+(but you should list this argument before the ones that
+specify real database entries).
+
+\item
+It's best to use the three-letter abbreviations for the month,
+rather than spelling out the month yourself.
+This lets the bibliography style be consistent.
+And if you want to include information for the day of the month,
+the {\tt month} field is usually the best place.
+For example
+\begin{verbatim}
+    month = jul # "~4,"
+\end{verbatim}
+will probably produce just what you want.
+
+\item
+If you're using the \hbox{\tt unsrt} style
+(references are listed in order of citation)
+along with the \hbox{\verb|\nocite{*}|} feature
+(all entries in the database are included),
+the placement of the \hbox{\verb|\nocite{*}|} command
+within your document file will determine the reference order.
+According to the rule given in Section~\ref{features}:
+If the command is placed at the beginning of the document,
+the entries will be listed in exactly the order
+they occur in the database;
+if it's placed at the end,
+the entries that you explicitly
+\hbox{\verb|\cite|} or \hbox{\verb|\nocite|}
+will occur in citation order,
+and the remaining database entries will be in database order.
+
+\item
+For theses, van Leunen recommends not giving
+the school's department after the name of the degree,
+since schools, not departments, issue degrees.
+If you really think that giving the department information
+will help the reader find the thesis,
+put that information in the \hbox{\tt address} field.
+
+\item
+The \hbox{\tt MASTERSTHESIS} and \hbox{\tt PHDTHESIS} entry types
+are so named for {\em Scribe\/} compatibility;
+\hbox{\tt MINORTHESIS} and \hbox{\tt MAJORTHESIS}
+probably would have been better names.
+Keep this in mind when trying to classify
+a non-U.S.\ thesis.
+
+\item
+Here's yet another suggestion for what to do when an author's
+name appears slightly differently in two publications.
+Suppose, for example, two journals articles use these fields.
+\begin{verbatim}
+    author = "Donald E. Knuth"
+    .  .  .
+    author = "D. E. Knuth"
+\end{verbatim}
+There are two possibilities.
+You could (1)~simply leave them as is,
+or (2)~assuming you know for sure that
+these authors are one and the same person,
+you could list both in the form that the author prefers
+(say, `Donald~E.\ Knuth').
+In the first case, the entries might be alphabetized incorrectly,
+and in the second, the slightly altered name might
+foul up somebody's electronic library search.
+But there's a third possibility, which is the one I prefer.
+You could convert the second journal's field to
+\begin{verbatim}
+    author = "D[onald] E. Knuth"
+\end{verbatim}
+This avoids the pitfalls of the previous two solutions,
+since \BibTeX\ alphabetizes this as if the brackets weren't there,
+and since the brackets clue the reader in that a full first name
+was missing from the original.
+Of course it introduces another pitfall---`D[onald]~E.\ Knuth' looks ugly---%
+but in this case I think the increase in accuracy outweighs
+the loss in aesthetics.
+
+\item
+\LaTeX's comment character `{\tt\%}' is not a comment character
+in the database files.
+
+\item
+Here's a more complete description of
+the ``author'' information referred to in previous sections.
+For most entry types the ``author'' information
+is simply the \hbox{\tt author} field.
+However:
+For the \hbox{\tt BOOK} and \hbox{\tt INBOOK} entry types
+it's the \hbox{\tt author} field, but if there's no author
+then it's the \hbox{\tt editor} field;
+for the \hbox{\tt MANUAL} entry type
+it's the \hbox{\tt author} field, but if there's no author
+then it's the \hbox{\tt organization} field;
+and for the \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS} entry type
+it's the \hbox{\tt editor} field, but if there's no editor
+then it's the \hbox{\tt organization} field.
+
+\item
+When creating a label,
+the \hbox{\tt alpha} style uses the ``author'' information described above,
+but with a slight change---%
+for the \hbox{\tt MANUAL} and \hbox{\tt PROCEEDINGS} entry types,
+the {\tt key} field takes precedence over the \hbox{\tt organization} field.
+Here's a situation where this is useful.
+\begin{verbatim}
+   organization = "The Association for Computing Machinery",
+   key = "ACM"
+\end{verbatim}
+Without the {\tt key} field, the \hbox{\tt alpha} style
+would make a label from the first three letters of information
+in the \hbox{\tt organization} field;
+\hbox{\tt alpha} knows to strip off the `\hbox{\tt The }'$\!$,
+but it would still form a label like `\hbox{[Ass86]}'$\!$,
+which, however intriguing, is uninformative.
+Including the {\tt key} field, as above,
+would yield the better label `\hbox{[ACM86]}'$\!$.
+
+You won't always need the {\tt key} field to override the
+\hbox{\tt organization}, though:
+With
+\begin{verbatim}
+    organization = "Unilogic, Ltd.",
+\end{verbatim}
+for instance, the \hbox{\tt alpha} style would
+form the perfectly reasonable label `\hbox{[Uni86]}'$\!$.
+
+\item
+Section~\ref{features} discusses accented characters.
+To \BibTeX, an accented character is really a special case
+of a ``special character''$\!$,
+which consists of everything from a left brace at the top-most level,
+immediately followed by a backslash,
+up through the matching right brace.
+For example in the field
+\begin{verbatim}
+    author = "\AA{ke} {Jos{\'{e}} {\'{E}douard} G{\"o}del"
+\end{verbatim}
+there are just two special characters,
+`\hbox{\verb|{\'{E}douard}|}' and `\hbox{\verb|{\"o}|}'
+(the same would be true if the pair of double quotes
+delimiting the field were braces instead).
+In general, \BibTeX\ will not do any processing
+of a \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ control sequence inside a special character,
+but it {\em will\/} process other characters.
+Thus a style that converts all titles to lower case
+would convert
+\begin{verbatim}
+    The {\TeX BOOK\NOOP} Experience
+\end{verbatim}
+to
+\begin{verbatim}
+    The {\TeX book\NOOP} experience
+\end{verbatim}
+(the `{\tt The}' is still capitalized
+because it's the first word of the title).
+
+This special-character scheme is useful for handling accented characters,
+for getting \BibTeX's alphabetizing to do what you want,
+and, since \BibTeX\ counts an entire special character as just one letter,
+for stuffing extra characters inside labels.
+The file \hbox{\tt XAMPL.BIB} distributed with \BibTeX\
+gives examples of all three uses.
+
+\item
+This final item of the section describes \BibTeX's names
+(which appear in the \hbox{\tt author} or \hbox{\tt editor} field)
+in slightly more detail than what
+appears in Appendix~B of the \LaTeX\ book.
+In what follows, a ``name'' corresponds to a person.
+(Recall that you separate multiple names in a single field
+with the word ``and''$\!$, surrounded by spaces,
+and not enclosed in braces.
+This item concerns itself with the structure of a single name.)
+
+Each name consists of four parts: First, von, Last, and~Jr;
+each part consists of a (possibly empty) list of name-tokens.
+The Last part will be nonempty if any part is,
+so if there's just one token, it's always a Last token.
+
+Recall that Per Brinch~Hansen's name should be typed
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "Brinch Hansen, Per"
+\end{verbatim}
+The First part of his name has the single token ``Per'';
+the Last part has two tokens, ``Brinch'' and ``Hansen'';
+and the von and Jr parts are empty.
+If you had typed
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "Per Brinch Hansen"
+\end{verbatim}
+instead, \BibTeX\ would (erroneously) think ``Brinch'' were a First-part token,
+just as ``Paul'' is a First-part token in ``John~Paul Jones''$\!$,
+so this erroneous form would have two First tokens and one Last token.
+
+Here's another example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "Charles Louis Xavier Joseph de la Vall{\'e}e Poussin"
+\end{verbatim}
+This name has four tokens in the First part, two in the von, and
+two in the Last.
+Here \BibTeX\ knows where one part ends and the other begins because
+the tokens in the von part begin with lower-case letters.
+
+In general, it's a von token if the first letter at brace-level~0
+is in lower case.
+Since technically everything
+in a ``special character'' is at brace-level~0,
+you can trick \BibTeX\ into thinking that
+a token is or is not a von token by prepending a dummy
+special character whose first letter past the \TeX\ control sequence
+is in the desired case, upper or lower.
+
+To summarize, \BibTeX\ allows three possible forms for the name:
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "First von Last"
+    "von Last, First"
+    "von Last, Jr, First"
+\end{verbatim}
+You may almost always use the first form;
+you shouldn't if either there's a Jr part,
+or the Last part has multiple tokens but there's no von part.
+
+\end{enumerate}
+
+\bibliography{btxdoc}
+\bibliographystyle{plain}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxhak.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxhak.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe49d79cd7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxhak.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,623 @@
+% Copyright (C) 1988, all rights reserved.
+
+\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+
+\title{Designing B\kern-.05em{\large I}\kern-.025em{\large B}\kern-.08em\TeX\
+                                                                        Styles}
+\author{Oren Patashnik}
+\date{February 8, 1988}
+
+\documentstyle[mynormal]{article}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\setcounter{section}{4}
+\section{Bibliography-style hacking}
+\label{style}
+
+This document starts (and ends) with Section~\ref{style},
+because in reality it is the final section of ``\BibTeX ing''~\cite{btxdoc},
+the general documentation for \BibTeX.
+But that document was meant for all \BibTeX\ users,
+while this one is just for style designers,
+so the two are physically separate.
+Still, you should be completely familiar with ``\BibTeX ing''$\!$,
+and all references in this document
+to sections and section numbers
+assume that the two documents are one.
+
+This section,
+along with the standard-style documentation file \hbox{\tt btxbst.doc},
+should explain how to modify
+existing style files and to produce new ones.
+If you're a serious style hacker you should be familiar
+with van~Leunen~\cite{van-leunen} for points of style,
+with Lamport~\cite{latex} and Knuth~\cite{texbook} for formatting matters,
+and perhaps with {\em Scribe\/}~\cite{scribe} for compatibility details.
+And while you're at it, if you don't read the great little book by Strunk and
+White~\cite{strunk-and-white}, you should at least look at its
+entries in the database and the reference list
+to see how \BibTeX\ handles multiple names.
+
+To create a new style,
+it's best to start with an existing style that's close to yours,
+and then modify that.
+This is true even if you're simply updating an old style
+for \BibTeX\ version 0.99
+(I've updated four nonstandard styles,
+so I say this with some experience).
+If you want to insert into a new style
+some function you'd written for an old (version 0.98i) style,
+keep in mind that the order of the arguments to
+the assignment ({\tt :=}) function has been reversed.
+When you're finished with your style,
+you may want to try running it on the entire \hbox{\tt XAMPL.BIB} database
+to make sure it handles all the standard entry types.
+
+If you find any bugs in the standard styles,
+or if there are things you'd like to do
+with bibliography-style files but can't,
+please complain to Oren Patashnik.
+
+
+\subsection{General description}
+
+You write bibliography styles in a postfix stack language.  It's
+not too hard to figure out how by looking at the standard-style documentation,
+but this description fills in a few details (it will fill in more
+details if there's a demand for it).
+
+Basically the style file is a program, written in an unnamed language, that
+tells \BibTeX\ how to format the entries that will go in the reference list
+(henceforth ``the entries'' will be ``the entry list''
+or simply ``the list''$\!$, context permitting).
+This programming language has ten commands, described in the next subsection.
+These commands manipulate the language's objects:
+constants, variables, functions, the stack, and the entry list.
+(Warning: The terminology in this documentation,
+chosen for ease of explanation, is slightly different from \BibTeX's.
+For example, this documentation's ``variables'' and ``functions''
+are both ``functions'' to \BibTeX.
+Keep this in mind when interpreting \BibTeX's error messages.)
+
+There are two types of functions: {\it built-in\/} ones that \BibTeX\ provides
+(these are described in Section~\ref{built-in-fns}), and ones you define
+using either the \hbox{\tt MACRO} or \hbox{\tt FUNCTION} command.
+
+Your most time-consuming task, as a style designer,
+will be creating or modifying functions
+using the \hbox{\tt FUNCTION} command
+(actually, becoming familiar with the references listed above will be
+more time consuming, but assume for the moment that that's done).
+
+Let's look at a sample function fragment.
+Suppose you have a string variable named \hbox{\tt label}
+and an integer variable named \hbox{\tt lab.width},
+and suppose you want to append the character `{\tt a}' to \hbox{\tt label}
+and to increment \hbox{\tt lab.width}:
+\begin{verbatim}
+    .  .  .
+    label "a" * 'label :=          % label := label * "a"
+    lab.width #1 + 'lab.width :=   % lab.width := lab.width + 1
+    .  .  .
+\end{verbatim}
+In the first line,
+\hbox{\tt label} pushes that variable's value onto the stack.
+Next, the {\tt "a"} pushes the string constant `{\tt a}' onto the stack.
+Then the built-in function {\tt *} pops the top two strings and
+pushes their concatenation.
+The \hbox{\tt 'label} pushes that variable's name onto the stack.
+And finally, the built-in function {\tt :=} pops
+the variable name and the concatenation and performs the assignment.
+\BibTeX\ treats the stuff following the {\tt \%} as a comment
+in the style file.
+The second line is similar except that it uses {\tt \#1},
+with no spaces intervening between the `{\tt \#}' and the `{\tt 1}'$\!$,
+to push this integer constant.
+
+The nonnull spacing here is arbitrary: multiple spaces, tabs, or newlines
+are equivalent to a single one (except that you're probably better off
+not having blank lines within commands, as explained shortly).
+
+For string constants, absolutely any printing character
+is legal between two consecutive double quotes, but \BibTeX\ here
+(and only here) treats upper- and lower-case equivalents as different.
+Furthermore, spacing {\em is\/} relevant within a string constant,
+and you mustn't split a string constant across lines
+(that is, the beginning and ending double quotes must be on the same line).
+
+Variable and function names may not begin with a numeral and
+may not contain any of the ten restricted characters
+on page~143 of the \LaTeX\ book,
+but may otherwise contain any printing characters.
+Also, \BibTeX\ considers upper- and lower-case equivalents to be the same.
+
+Integers and strings are the only value types for constants and variables
+(booleans are implemented simply as 0-or-1 integers).
+There are three kinds of variables:
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[global variables\hfill] These are either integer- or string-valued,
+declared using an \hbox{\tt INTEGERS} or \hbox{\tt STRINGS} command.
+
+\item[entry variables\hfill] These are either integer- or string-valued,
+declared using the \hbox{\tt ENTRY} command.
+Each has a value for each entry on the list
+(example: a variable \hbox{\tt label} might store
+the label string you'll use for the entry).
+
+\item[fields\hfill] These are string-valued, read-only variables
+that store the information from the database file;
+their values are set by the \hbox{\tt READ} command.
+As with entry variables, each has a value for each entry.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{Commands}
+
+There are ten style-file commands:
+Five (\hbox{\tt ENTRY}, \hbox{\tt FUNCTION}, \hbox{\tt INTEGERS},
+\hbox{\tt MACRO}, and \hbox{\tt STRINGS})
+declare and define variables and functions;
+one (\hbox{\tt READ}) reads in the database information;
+and four (\hbox{\tt EXECUTE}, \hbox{\tt ITERATE}, \hbox{\tt REVERSE},
+and \hbox{\tt SORT}) manipulate the entries and produce output.
+Although the command names appear here in upper case,
+\BibTeX\ ignores case differences.
+
+Some restrictions:
+There must be exactly one \hbox{\tt ENTRY} and one \hbox{\tt READ} command;
+the \hbox{\tt ENTRY} command, all \hbox{\tt MACRO} commands,
+and certain \hbox{\tt FUNCTION} commands
+(see next subsection's description of \hbox{\tt call.type\$})
+must precede the \hbox{\tt READ} command;
+and the \hbox{\tt READ} command must precede the four that
+manipulate the entries and produce output.
+
+Also it's best (but not essential) to leave at least one blank line
+between commands and to leave no blank lines within a command;
+this helps \BibTeX\ recover from any syntax errors you make.
+
+You must enclose each argument of every command in braces.
+Look at the standard-style documentation
+for syntactic issues not described in this section.
+Here are the ten commands:
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt ENTRY}\hfill]
+Declares the fields and entry variables.
+It has three arguments, each a (possibly empty) list of variable names.
+The three lists are of:
+fields, integer entry variables, and string entry variables.
+There is an additional field that \BibTeX\ automatically
+declares, \hbox{\tt crossref}, used for cross referencing.
+And there is an additional string entry variable automatically declared,
+\hbox{\tt sort.key\$}, used by the \hbox{\tt SORT} command.
+Each of these variables has a value for each entry on the list.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt EXECUTE}\hfill]
+Executes a single function.
+It has one argument, the function name.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt FUNCTION}\hfill]
+Defines a new function.
+It has two arguments; the first is the function's name and the
+second is its definition.
+You must define a function before using it;
+recursive functions are thus illegal.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt INTEGERS}\hfill]
+Declares global integer variables.
+It has one argument, a list of variable names.
+There are two such automatically-declared variables,
+\hbox{\tt entry.max\$} and \hbox{\tt global.max\$},
+used for limiting the lengths of string variables.
+You may have any number of these commands, but a variable's declaration
+must precede its use.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt ITERATE}\hfill]
+Executes a single function, once
+for each entry in the list, in the list's current order
+(initially the list is in citation order, but the \hbox{\tt SORT}
+command may change this).
+It has one argument, the function name.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt MACRO}\hfill]
+Defines a string macro.
+It has two arguments; the first is the macro's name, which is treated like
+any other variable or function name,
+and the second is its definition, which must be double-quote-delimited.
+You must have one for each three-letter month abbreviation;
+in addition, you should have one for common journal names.
+The user's database may override any definition you define using this command.
+If you want to define a string the user can't touch,
+use the \hbox{\tt FUNCTION} command, which has a compatible syntax.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt READ}\hfill]
+Dredges up from the database file
+the field values for each entry in the list.
+It has no arguments.
+If a database entry doesn't have a value for a field
+(and probably no database entry will have a value for every field),
+that field variable is marked as missing for the entry.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt REVERSE}\hfill]
+Exactly the same as the
+\hbox{\tt ITERATE} command except that it executes the function
+on the entry list in reverse order.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt SORT}\hfill]
+Sorts the entry list using
+the values of the string entry variable \hbox{\tt sort.key\$}.
+It has no arguments.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt STRINGS}\hfill]
+Declares global string variables.
+It has one argument, a list of variable names.
+You may have any number of these commands, but a variable's declaration
+must precede its use.
+\end{description}
+
+
+\subsection{The built-in functions}
+\label{built-in-fns}
+
+Before we get to the built-in functions,
+a few words about some other built-in objects.
+There is one built-in string entry variable, \hbox{\tt sort.key\$},
+which the style program must set if the style is to do sorting.
+There is one built-in field, \hbox{\tt crossref},
+used for the cross referencing feature
+described in Section~4.
+And there are two built-in integer global variables,
+\hbox{\tt entry.max\$} and \hbox{\tt global.max\$},
+which are set by default to some internal \BibTeX\ constants;
+you should truncate strings to these lengths before
+you assign to string variables,
+so as to not generate any \BibTeX\ warning messages.
+
+There are currently 37 built-in functions.
+Every built-in function with a letter in its name ends with a `{\tt \$}'$\!$.
+In what follows, ``first''$\!$, ``second''$\!$,
+and so on refer to the order popped.
+A ``literal'' is an element on the stack, and it will be either
+an integer value, a string value, a variable or function name,
+or a special value denoting a missing field.
+If any popped literal has an incorrect type, \BibTeX\ complains and pushes
+the integer 0 or the null string, depending on whether the function
+was supposed to push an integer or string.
+\begin{description}
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt >}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (integer) literals,
+compares them, and pushes the integer 1 if the second is greater than
+the first, 0 otherwise.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt <}\hfill]
+Analogous.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt =}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (both integer or both string) literals,
+compares them,
+and pushes the integer 1 if they're equal, 0 otherwise.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt +}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (integer) literals and pushes their sum.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt -}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (integer) literals and pushes their difference
+(the first subtracted from the second).
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt *}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (string) literals,
+concatenates them (in reverse order, that is, the order in which
+pushed), and pushes the resulting string.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt :=}\hfill]
+Pops the top two literals and assigns
+to the first (which must be a global or entry variable)
+the value of the second.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt add.period\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal,
+adds a `{\tt .}' to it if the last non`{\tt \}}' character
+isn't a `{\tt .}'$\!$, `{\tt ?}', or `{\tt !}'$\!$,
+and pushes this resulting string.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt call.type\$}\hfill]
+Executes the function whose name is the entry type of an entry.
+For example if an entry is of type {\tt book}, this function executes
+the {\tt book} function.
+When given as an argument to the \hbox{\tt ITERATE} command,
+\hbox{\tt call.type\$} actually produces the output for the entries.
+For an entry with an unknown type,
+it executes the function \hbox{\tt default.type}.
+Thus you should define (before the \hbox{\tt READ} command) one function
+for each standard entry type as well as a \hbox{\tt default.type} function.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt change.case\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (string) literals;
+it changes the case of the second according to the
+specifications of the first, as follows.  (Note: The word `letters' in
+the next sentence refers only to those at brace-level~0, the top-most
+brace level; no other characters are changed, except perhaps for
+``special characters''$\!$, described in Section~4.)
+If the first literal is the
+string~`{\tt t}'$\!$, it converts to lower case all letters except the very
+first character in the string, which it leaves alone, and except the
+first character following any colon and then nonnull white space,
+which it also leaves alone; if it's the string~`{\tt l}'$\!$, it converts all
+letters to lower case; and if it's the string~`{\tt u}'$\!$, it converts all
+letters to upper case.
+It then pushes this resulting string.  If either
+type is incorrect, it complains and pushes the null string; however,
+if both types are correct but the specification string (i.e., the
+first string) isn't one of the legal ones, it merely pushes the second
+back onto the stack, after complaining.  (Another note: It ignores
+case differences in the specification string; for example, the strings
+{\tt t} and {\tt T} are equivalent for the purposes of this built-in
+function.)
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt chr.to.int\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal,
+makes sure it's a single character, converts it to the
+corresponding ASCII integer, and pushes this integer.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt cite\$}\hfill]
+Pushes the string that was the
+\hbox{\verb|\cite|}-command argument for this entry.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt duplicate\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top literal from the stack and pushes two copies of it.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt empty\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top literal and pushes
+the integer 1 if it's a missing field or a string having no
+non-white-space characters, 0 otherwise.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt format.name\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top three literals
+(they are a string, an integer, and a string literal).
+The last string literal represents a name list (each name
+corresponding to a person), the integer literal specifies which name
+to pick from this list, and the first string literal specifies how to
+format this name, as explained in the next subsection.
+Finally, this function pushes the formatted name.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt if\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top three literals (they
+are two function literals and an integer literal, in that order);
+if the integer is greater than 0, it executes the second literal,
+else it executes the first.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt int.to.chr\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (integer) literal,
+interpreted as the ASCII integer value of a single character,
+converts it to the corresponding single-character string, and pushes
+this string.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt int.to.str\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (integer) literal,
+converts it to its (unique) string equivalent, and pushes this string.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt missing\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top literal and
+pushes the integer 1 if it's a missing field, 0~otherwise.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt newline\$}\hfill]
+Writes onto the {\tt bbl} file
+what's accumulated in the output buffer.
+It writes a blank line if and only if the output buffer is empty.
+Since \hbox{\tt write\$} does reasonable line breaking, you should use
+this function only when you want a blank line or an explicit line break.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt num.names\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal
+and pushes the number of names the string represents---one plus
+the number of occurrences of the substring ``and'' (ignoring case differences)
+surrounded by nonnull white-space at the top brace level.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt pop\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top of the stack but
+doesn't print it; this gets rid of an unwanted stack literal.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt preamble\$}\hfill]
+Pushes onto the stack the concatenation of all the
+\hbox{\tt @PREAMBLE} strings read from the database files.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt purify\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal,
+removes nonalphanumeric characters except for white-space characters and
+hyphens and ties (these all get converted to a space), removes
+certain alphabetic characters contained in the control sequences
+associated with a ``special character''$\!$, and pushes the resulting string.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt quote\$}\hfill]
+Pushes the string consisting of the double-quote character.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt skip\$}\hfill]
+Is a no-op.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt stack\$}\hfill]
+Pops and prints the whole stack;
+it's meant to be used for style designers while debugging.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt substring\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top three literals
+(they are the two integers literals {\it len\/} and {\it start}, and a
+string literal, in that order).
+It pushes the substring of the (at most) {\it len\/} consecutive characters
+starting at the {\it start\/}th character (assuming 1-based indexing)
+if {\it start\/} is positive, and ending at the $-${\it start\/}th character
+from the end if {\it start\/} is negative
+(where the first character from the end is the last character).
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt swap\$}\hfill]
+Swaps the top two literals on the stack.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt text.length\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal,
+and pushes the number of text characters it contains, where an
+accented character (more precisely, a ``special character''$\!$,
+defined in Section~4)
+counts as a single text character, even if it's missing
+its matching right brace, and where braces don't count as
+text characters.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt text.prefix\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top two literals
+(the integer literal {\it len\/} and a string literal, in that order).
+It pushes the substring of the (at most) {\it len\/} consecutive text
+characters starting from the beginning of the string.  This function
+is similar to \hbox{\tt substring\$}, but this one considers
+a ``special character''$\!$, even if
+it's missing its matching right brace, to be a single text character
+(rather than however many ASCII characters it actually comprises),
+and this function doesn't consider braces to be text characters;
+furthermore, this function appends any needed matching right braces.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt top\$}\hfill]
+Pops and prints the top of the stack on the terminal and log file.
+It's useful for debugging.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt type\$}\hfill]
+Pushes the current entry's type (book, article, etc.),
+but pushes the null string
+if the type is either unknown or undefined.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt warning\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal
+and prints it following a warning message.
+This also increments a count of the number of warning messages issued.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt while\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top two (function) literals,
+and keeps executing the second as long as the (integer)
+literal left on the stack by executing the first is greater than 0.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt width\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal
+and pushes the integer that represents its width in some relative units
+(currently, hundredths of a point, as specified by the June 1987 version
+of the $cmr10$ font; the only white-space character with nonzero width
+is the space).
+This function takes the literal literally;
+that is, it assumes each character in the string is to be printed as
+is, regardless of whether the character has a special meaning to \TeX,
+except that ``special characters'' (even without their right braces) are
+handled specially.
+This is meant to be used for comparing widths of label strings.
+
+\item[\hbox{\tt write\$}\hfill]
+Pops the top (string) literal
+and writes it on the output buffer (which will result in
+stuff being written onto the {\tt bbl} file when the buffer fills up).
+
+\end{description}
+
+Note that the built-in functions \hbox{\tt while\$} and \hbox{\tt if\$}
+require two function literals on the stack.
+You get them there either by immediately preceding the name of a function
+by a single quote, or, if you don't feel like defining a new function with
+the \hbox{\tt FUNCTION} command,
+by simply giving its definition (that is, giving what would be the second
+argument to the \hbox{\tt FUNCTION} command, including the surrounding braces).
+For example the following function fragment appends the character `{\tt a}'
+if the string variable named \hbox{\tt label} is nonnull:
+\begin{verbatim}
+    .  .  .
+    label "" =
+      'skip$
+      { label "a" * 'label := }
+    if$
+    .  .  .
+\end{verbatim}
+A function whose name you quote needn't be built in
+like \hbox{\tt skip\$} above---it may, for example,
+be a field name or a function you've defined earlier.
+
+
+\subsection{Name formatting}
+
+What's in a name?
+Section~4 pretty much describes this.
+Each name consists of four parts: First, von, Last, and Jr;
+each consists of a list of name-tokens,
+and any list but Last's may be empty for a nonnull name.
+This subsection describes the format string you must supply to
+the built-in function \hbox{\tt format.name\$}.
+
+Let's look at an example of a very long name.
+Suppose a database entry~\cite{prime-number-theorem} has the field
+\begin{verbatim}
+  author = "Charles Louis Xavier Joseph de la Vall{\'e}e Poussin"
+\end{verbatim}
+and suppose you want this formatted ``last name comma initials''$\!$.
+If you use the format string
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f}?"
+\end{verbatim}
+\BibTeX\ will produce
+\begin{verbatim}
+    de~la Vall{\'e}e~Poussin, C.~L. X.~J?
+\end{verbatim}
+as the formatted string.
+
+Let's look at this example in detail.
+There are four brace-level~1 {\em pieces\/} to this format string,
+one for each part of a name.
+If the corresponding part of a name isn't present (the Jr part for this name),
+everything in that piece is ignored.
+Anything at brace-level~0 is output verbatim
+(the presumed typo `{\tt ?}' for this name is at brace-level~0),
+but you probably won't use this feature much.
+
+Within each piece a double letter tells \BibTeX\ to use whole tokens, and
+a single letter, to abbreviate them (these letters must be at brace-level~1);
+everything else within the piece is used verbatim
+(well, almost everything---read on).
+The tie at the end of the von part (in \hbox{\verb|{vv~}|})
+is a discretionary tie---\BibTeX\ will output a tie at that point
+if it thinks there's a need for one;
+otherwise it will output a space.
+If you really, really, want a tie there,
+regardless of what \BibTeX\ thinks, use two of them
+(only one will be output); that is, use \hbox{\verb|{vv~~}|}.
+A tie is discretionary only if it's the last character of the piece;
+anywhere else it's treated as an ordinary character.
+
+\BibTeX\ puts default strings {\em between\/} tokens of a name part:
+For whole tokens it uses either a space or a tie,
+depending on which one it thinks is best,
+and for abbreviated tokens it uses a period followed by
+either a space or a tie.
+However it doesn't use this default string after the last token in a list;
+hence there's no period following the `J' for our example.
+You should have used
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}"
+\end{verbatim}
+to get \BibTeX\ to produce the same formatted string but with the question
+mark replaced by a period.
+Note that the period should go inside the First-name piece,
+rather than where the question mark was, in case a name has no First part.
+
+If you want to override \BibTeX's default between-token strings, you
+must explicitly specify a string.
+For example suppose you want a label to contain the first letter from each
+token in the von and Last parts, with no spaces;
+you should use the format string
+\begin{verbatim}
+    "{v{}}{l{}}"
+\end{verbatim}
+so that \BibTeX\ will produce `{\tt dlVP}' as the formatted string.
+You must give a string for each piece whose default you want overridden
+(the example here uses the null string for both pieces), and this string
+must immediately follow either the single or double letter for the piece.
+You may not have any other letters at brace-level~1 in the format string.
+
+\bibliography{btxdoc}
+\bibliographystyle{plain}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.bib
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27cba726213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{bibtex.a,
+   author = "Oren Patashnik",
+   title = "{{\BibTeX ing}}",
+   note = "Documentation for general {\BibTeX} users",
+   month = "8$^{th}$~" # feb,
+   language = "USenglish",
+   year = 1988, }
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{bibtex.b,
+   author = "Oren Patashnik",
+   title = "Designing {\BibTeX} Styles",
+   note = "The part of \BibTeX's documentation
+                                        that's not meant for general users",
+   month = "8$^{th}$~" # feb,
+   language = "USenglish",
+   year = 1988, }
+
+@BOOK{texbook,
+   author = "Donald E. Knuth",
+   title= "The {{\tex}book}",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley Publishing Company",
+   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
+   language = "USenglish",
+   year = 1984 }
+
+@BOOK{lamport,
+   author = "Leslie Lamport",
+   title = "{\LaTeX \rm:} {A} Document Preparation System",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley Publishing Company",
+   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
+   language = "USenglish",
+   year = 1986 }
+
+@BOOK{kopka,
+   language = "german",
+  author = "Helmut Kopka",
+  title = "{\LaTeX} --- Eine Einf{\"{u}}hrung",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley (Deutschland) GmbH",
+  address = "Bonn; Reading, Massachusetts",
+  year = 1988,
+  note = "Das deutsche Standardwerk {\"{u}}ber {\latex}",
+  }
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{partl,
+  language = "german",
+  author = "Hubert Partl",
+  address = "Technische Universit{\"{a}}t Wien",
+  title = "{\normalshape\tt german.sty} --- Version 2.3d",
+  month = "21.~" # nov,
+  year = 1990,
+  note = "Erh{\"{a}}ltlich {\"{u}}ber DANTE (Deutsche Anwendervereinigung 
+             {\TeX} e.\,\,V.): Bitnet server {\tt LISTSERV@DHDURZ1}",
+}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82c0934e308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+%macropackage=lplaing
+
+\documentstyle[bibgerm]{article}
+
+\def\tex{{\the\textfont0\TeX}}
+\def\pLaTeX{{\the\textfont0 L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 
+A}\kern-.15em    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+\def\LaTeX{\protect\pLaTeX}
+\def\pBibTeX{{\the\textfont0 B\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 IB}\kern-.1em\TeX}}
+\def\BibTeX{\protect\pBibTeX}
+\def\bibtex{\BibTeX}\def\tex{\TeX}
+\def\latex{\LaTeX}
+\def\dat#1{{\tt #1}}
+\def\bsl{{\tt\char'134}}   % '\'
+\def\leerz{{\tt\char'040}} % little 'u' for spaces
+\def\affe{\char'100}       % '@'
+\exhyphenpenalty=50 \hyphenpenalty=10 \doublehyphendemerits=50
+\finalhyphendemerits=50 \brokenpenalty=100 \pretolerance=0 \tolerance=2000
+\looseness=0 \linepenalty=10
+\hoffset=-1.0in \textwidth6.4in \oddsidemargin0.8in \evensidemargin0.8in
+\marginparwidth0.6in \marginparsep0.2in \marginparpush1ex
+\topmargin0pt \headheight2.5ex \headsep5ex \textheight9.25in
+\columnsep10pt \columnseprule0pt
+\parindent0pt \parskip2.5ex plus1.5ex minus1.5ex
+\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
+\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.1}
+\def\footnoterule{\vfill\kern-3pt \hrule width \textwidth\kern 2.6pt}
+\pagestyle{headings}
+\newlength{\mylena}
+\originalTeX\nonfrenchspacing
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\title{German and international \bibtex ing\\A manual for the 'german' \bibtex\ styles}
+\author{Martin Wallmeier\thanks{Tel.: 
+[[0]0\,49]\,(09\,31)\,80\,05\,--\,5\,10}\\ G"obelslehenstr. 1--b\,16\\8700 
+W"urzburg\\ West Germany\\e-mail: neuk121@wrzx13.rz.uni-wuerzburg.de}
+\date{20$^{th}$ April 1993}
+\maketitle
+
+\tableofcontents
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+The original \bibtex\ version 0.99b standard styles allow only English 
+references. There are some so called \dat{'German'} styles, but they allow 
+only German references. I couldn't find any style beeing able to switch 
+between the language for mixed references. In scientific publications you 
+will find a lot of English references beside the ones of the country, where 
+the publication was written. But it looks awful, if you mix an english 
+reference with german expressions, for example:
+\begin{center}\begin{minipage}{.7\textwidth}\raggedright\tt Wilson, 
+Braunwald, und Isselbacher, Herausgeber. Harrison's Principles of Internal 
+Medicine. Band 1, twelfth Auf{}lage\ldots\end{minipage}\end{center}
+So I tried to write a style being able to switch the language.
+
+\section[Restrictions of and problems with \bibtex]{Restrictions of and 
+problems with \bibtex\footnote{Dedicated to Oren Patashnik at Stanford 
+University. I hope this will find him anytime.}}
+
+There is a terrific restriction at least in my version of \bibtex: it 
+allows only ten (10) global variables of type \dat{STRINGS}. Therefore it 
+was impossible to implement a function which would decide whether to switch 
+the language and then call a specific function for every country that could 
+actualize the contents of these string variables. So the only possible way 
+seemed to be to create a series of \tex\ macros.
+
+Another problem occured with \bibtex's built in function 
+\verb|add.period$|. This function adds a point, if the last non '\}' 
+character is no '.', '!' or '?'. But how to tell \verb|add.period$| that 
+the \tex\ macros for abbreviations contain a point, although there is not 
+one obvious for \bibtex? The \tex\ macros have one parameter now: If you 
+abbreviate editors for example as 'eds.' \verb|add.period$| mustn't set a 
+point if the corresponding \tex\ macro is set in the output. So {\tt\bsl 
+btxeditorsshort} is defined as follows:\\[.5ex]
+\verb|      \def\btxeditorsshort#1{eds#1}|\\[.5ex]
+Now you can write {\tt\bsl btxeditorsshort\{.\}} in the \bibtex\ style file 
+and \verb|add.period$| will find a point if {\tt\bsl btxeditorsshort\{.\}} 
+is the last expression in the sentence. As you can see this is only 
+necessary for those expressions that can stand at the end of a sentence or 
+block. 'And' usually will not stay at the end of a sentence. So you can 
+define the corresponding macros as pointed abbreviation, if you want to.
+
+I had to face a last problem with the built in function 
+\verb|change.case$|. It's similar to the one with \verb|add.period$|.  This 
+function is also unable to expand the defined \tex\ macros. Therefore I had 
+to define always two forms of macros \verb|\btx...| and \verb|\Btx...| 
+where the second should be used where something like `The Quick Brown Fox 
+Jumps Over The Lazy Dog' is to occure and the first for something like `The 
+quick brown fox\ldots' if the expression starts a sentence or `the quick 
+brown fox\ldots' if it is used in the middle of a sentence. The {\tt 
+change.case\$} function will not be called if a title is going to be 
+formatted and {\tt language} is not set to {\tt 'english'} or {\tt 
+'USenglish'}. Henceforth you don't have to use '\{\}' braces to avoid {\tt 
+chang.case\$} in titles of other languages. Thus typing is much easier. 
+Typing comfort could be also improoved very much if \bibtex\ would 
+understand umlauts as \tex\ version 3.1 and not only constructions like 
+\verb|{\"{a}}|.
+
+All these constructions are tricky and uncomfortable only to bypass or fool 
+the built in \bibtex\ functions. Things would be much easier if more global 
+string variables could be defined. Then \bibtex\ could format the content 
+of the string variables directly and commands like \verb|add.period$| or 
+\verb|\cange.case$| would work the same way as if the expression would 
+occure in the text.
+
+Now you know about the reasons why I had to make a new \latex\ style 
+\dat{bibgerm.sty} for use with the \dat{ger[...].bst} \bibtex\ styles. It 
+defines the \tex\ macros mentioned above and listed below.
+
+\section{Implementation}
+
+\bibtex\ was changed in the way that it doesn't place string constants, but 
+\tex\ macros into the output for expressions that vary in the different 
+languages. So \bibtex\ generates a {\tt\bsl selectlanguage\{...\}} command 
+just before the current \verb|\bibitem[...]{...}| if the {\tt language} 
+field in the database entry is not empty. There are only a few allowed 
+contents for {\tt language}: {\tt 'german'}, {\tt 'austrian'}, {\tt 
+'english'}, and  {\tt 'USenglish'}, because I'm speaking only German and 
+bad English. {\tt 'english'} does the same as {\tt 'USenglish'} at the 
+moment. I think there won't be many differences, but I could imagine some 
+concerning 'Master's thesis' and 'PhD thesis'. {\tt 'austrian'} does nearly 
+the same as {\tt 'german'}, only the month 'January' is different.
+
+It should be not so very difficult to implement other languages for someone 
+who is a little bit acquainted to \tex\ or \latex. You probably needn't 
+change the \bibtex\ styles, but only to supplement the \dat{bibgerm.sty} 
+\latex\ style a little bit.
+
+\subsection{\ifx\undefined\selectfont \else\series{m}\fi\dat{bibgerm.sty}}
+
+The macro \verb|\selectlanguage{...}| of the original \dat{german.sty} 
+\cite{partl}switched already things like {\tt 'date'} and {\tt 
+'captionnames'}. There are now some new global definitions 
+\verb|\bibsgerman|, \verb|\bibsenglish| and \verb|\bibsUSenglish| being 
+called by {\tt\bsl selectlanguage\{...\}}. The \verb|\bibs...| macros 
+redefine the meanings for a list of \tex\ macros according to the current 
+language:
+\settowidth{\mylena}{\tt\bsl def\bsl ...short\#\#1\{...\#\#1\}}
+\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{|l|p{.67\textwidth}@{}l|}\hline
+\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{General Aspects}\\\hline
+\hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & Meaning &\\\hline
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btx...\{...\}} & \raggedright Expression in lower case 
+letters for use in the middle of a sentence (e.\ g.\ 'volume').&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btx...\{...\}} & \raggedright Expression with the first 
+letter capitalized for use at the beginning of a sentence (e.\ g.\ 
+'Volume') or formatted like a booktitle (e.\ g.\ 'Technical Report 
+037').&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl ...short\#\#1\{...\#\#1\}} & \raggedright Mostly 
+abbreviated expression. The tricky construction {\tt\#\#1} was explained 
+above. You need double {\tt'\#'} because the macros are defined inside the 
+global definition of the {\tt\bsl bibs...} macro. The parameter {\tt\#\#1} 
+is used to set the last point of an abbreviation that can occure at the end 
+of a sentence (e.\ g.\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetalshort\#\#1\{et~al\#\#1\}}). 
+If you don't want to have a point at the end you skip the {\tt\#\#1} inside 
+the braces.&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl ...long\{...\}} & \raggedright Expression used for the 
+long i.\,\,e.\ unabbreviated form (e.\ g.\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetallong\{ 
+et~alii\}}). &\\\hline
+\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Details}\\\hline
+\hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & meaning &\\\hline
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetalshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Used after authors or 
+editors, if there is {\tt 'and othrers'} at the end of the corresponding 
+\bibtex\ database entry field (defined as {\tt 'et~al\#\#1{}'}). This 
+expression might finish a sentence or block; so {\tt '\#\#1'} is necessary 
+for {\tt 'add.period\$'}. &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetallong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'et~alii'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxandshort} & \raggedright Used before the last author or 
+editor if there are more than one (defined as {\tt 'and'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxandlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above 
+(defined as {\tt 'and'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinshort} & \raggedright Used with entry type {\tt 
+@incollection} or {\tt @inproceedings} as introduction for the reference to 
+the superior work (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above 
+(defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxinshort} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a 
+sentence (defined as {\tt 'In'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxinlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above 
+(defined as {\tt 'In'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxofseriesshort} & \raggedright Used after the volume 
+number before the title of the book series (defined as {\tt 'of'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxofserieslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'of'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinseriesshort} & \raggedright Used for a part of a book 
+with a separate title. If there is a number given it is placed before the 
+title of the series (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinserieslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\
+\hline\end{tabular}
+
+\begin{tabular}{|l|p{.67\textwidth}@{}l|}\hline
+\hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & meaning &\\\hline
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for a 
+single {\em editor\/} that can be placed at the end of the editor block 
+(defined as {\tt 'ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'editor'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorsshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Equivalent of the 
+above for more than one editor (defined as {\tt 'eds\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'editors'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorshort\#\#1} & \raggedright This and the following 
+macros could be used by a style file that would start a bibliography entry 
+with something like 'Ed.:\ \ldots' (defined as {\tt 'Ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Editor'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorsshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Plural of the above 
+(defined as {\tt 'Eds\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Editors'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxvolumeshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em 
+volume\/} for use after a comma, i.\,\,e.\ in the middle of a sentence 
+(defined as {\tt 'vol\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxvolumelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'volume'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxvolumeshort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the 
+beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'Vol\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxvolumelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Volume'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxnumbershort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em 
+number\/} if used in the middle of a sentence (defined as {\tt 
+'no\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxnumberlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'number'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxnumbershort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the 
+beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'No\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxnumberlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Number'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditionshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em 
+edition\/} that can finish a sentence or block (defined as {\tt 
+'ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditionlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'edition'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditionshort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the 
+beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'Ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditionlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Edition'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxchaptershort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em 
+chapter\/} which might be placed at the end of a sentence if it would be 
+used after first, second, etc. (defined as {\tt 'chap\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxchapterlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'chapter'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxchaptershort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the 
+beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'Chap\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxchapterlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Chapter'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpageshort\#\#1} & Abbreviation for {\em page\/} 
+\raggedright (defined as {\tt 'p\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpagelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'page'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpagesshort\#\#1} & \raggedright If there are more than 
+one {\em page\/} this abbreviation will be used (defined as {\tt 
+'pp\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpageslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'pages'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpageshort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the beginning 
+of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'P\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpagelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Page'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpagesshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Plural of the above 
+(defined as {\tt 'Pp\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpageslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Pages'}). &\\
+\hline\end{tabular}
+
+\begin{tabular}{|l|p{.67\textwidth}@{}l|}\hline
+\hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & Meaning &\\\hline
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmastthesis} & \raggedright Expression that will be used 
+by default if there is given no \bibtex\ database entry field {\tt type} in 
+a {\tt @masterthesis} entry (defined as {\tt 'Master's thesis'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxphdthesis} & \raggedright Equivalent of the above for 
+the {\tt @phdthesis} entry (defined as {\tt 'PhD thesis'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxtechrepshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Equivalent of the 
+above for abbreviated {\tt @techreport} entry formatted like the title of 
+an article or journal, i.\,\,e.\ only the first letter capitalized (defined 
+as {\tt 'Techn.\ rep\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxtechreplong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Technical report'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxtechrepshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Same as the above but 
+formatted like a booktitle, i.\,\,e.\ all words capitalized except articles 
+and conjunctions like 'the' or 'of', etc. This one is used if the number 
+field of the {\tt @techreport} entry is not empty (defined as {\tt 'Techn.\ 
+Rep\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxtechreplong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the 
+above (defined as {\tt 'Technical Report'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjanshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviated names of 
+the months (defined as {\tt 'Jan\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonfebshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Feb\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmarshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Mar\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonaprshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Apr\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmayshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'May'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjunshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'June'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjulshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'July'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonaugshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Aug\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonsepshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Sept\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonoctshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Oct\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonnovshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Nov\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmondecshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'Dec\#\#1{}'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjanlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated names of the 
+months (defined as {\tt 'January'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonfeblong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'February'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmarlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'March'}). 
+&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonaprlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'April'}). 
+&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmaylong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'May'}). 
+&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjunlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'June'}). 
+&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjullong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'July'}). 
+&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonauglong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'August'}). 
+&\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonseplong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'September'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonoctlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'October'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonnovlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'November'}). &\\
+{\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmondeclong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 
+'December'}). &\\
+\hline\end{tabular}\end{center}
+
+For more details about macro programming refer to \cite{texbook}.
+
+\subsection{Available \bibtex\ styles and file list}
+
+All \bibtex\ standard styles are available although I've changed their 
+design a little bit. Furthermore, I adjusted the \dat{'apalike.bst'} which 
+allows references like '(Jones 1986)'. The names of the 'german' \bibtex\ 
+styles, their corresponding standards, and the remaining files are listed 
+in the following table:
+\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\bibtex\ Styles and Files}\\\hline
+'german' & Standard \\\hline
+{\tt gerabbrv.bst} & {\tt abbrv.bst} \\
+{\tt geralpha.bst} & {\tt alpha.bst} \\
+{\tt gerplain.bst} & {\tt plain.bst} \\
+{\tt gerunsrt.bst} & {\tt unsrt.bst} \\\hline
+{\tt gerapali.bst} & {\tt apalike.bst} \\\hline
+{\tt gerxampl.bib} & {\tt xampl.bib} \\\hline\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\latex\ Styles}\\\hline
+'german' & Standard \\\hline
+{\tt bibgerm.sty} & {\tt german.sty} \\
+{\tt apalike.sty} & {\tt apalike.sty} \\\hline\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Manual for \latex}\\\hline
+{\tt gerbibtx.tex} & {\sc Manual} and \\
+{\tt gerbibtx.bib} & {\sc Bibliography}\\\hline\hline
+\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Original Manuals}\\\hline
+{\tt btxdoc.tex} & For general users\\
+{\tt btxhak.tex} & For style designers\\
+{\tt btxdoc.bib} & {\sc Bibliography}\\\hline
+\end{tabular}\end{center}
+
+If you want to write \bibtex\ styles on your own, you are absolutely in 
+need of \cite{bibtex.a} and \cite{bibtex.b}. These documents should be as 
+files in your distribution of \bibtex. If they are not, complain violently 
+to the distributor.
+
+\subsection{Changes to the standard styles}
+
+There are two new functions: {\tt after.authors} and {\tt smallcaps}. The 
+last is similar to {\tt emphasize}. It sets the authors or editors in {\sc 
+Small Caps}. If you don't like that, you can change it to an empty 
+function. The other one sets the new 'state' {\tt before.title}. These 
+'states' are used by the different {\tt output} routines to decide what 
+punctuation is going to be placed (most times point or comma) before the 
+string on the stack. If the current 'state' is {\tt before.title} a colon 
+is placed before the title of what ever, i.\,\,e. regularly after authors 
+and editors. If you don't like this either, you can copy the function {\tt 
+new.block} to {\tt after.authors}. Then a point will be set instead of a 
+colon. {\tt gerapali.bst} behaves in this way, because a colon after braces 
+looks a little bit strange.
+
+I've changed also the format of the authors' and editors' names to my 
+personal favorites:
+
+\begin{center}\begin{minipage}{.7\textwidth}\raggedright\tt Wallmeier, M. 
+van, O. Patashnik, and L. van Lamport (eds.): \bibtex ing is 
+great\ldots\end{minipage}\end{center}
+
+You can reset the original status by comparing the lines where the function 
+{\tt format.name\$} occures with the according lines in the original 
+standard \bibtex\ styles. Nevertheless you should be familar with \bibtex's 
+name formatting \cite[section 5.4]{bibtex.b}.
+
+I'm not in access to the original \latex\ standard work \cite{lamport}. But 
+\cite[appendix B]{kopka} is marked as an almost extensive translation from 
+\cite{lamport}. If this is true, there are a few differences concerning the 
+optional fields in some entry types. They concern the additional field {\tt 
+number} that is used by the entry types {\tt @book}, {\tt @inbook}, {\tt 
+@incollection}, {\tt @inproceedings}, and {\tt @proceedings} and the 
+additional field {\tt tpye} that is used in {\tt @masterthesis} and {\tt 
+@phdthesis}.
+
+Those were of most importance for writing {\tt bibgerm.sty} and the {\tt 
+ger[...].bst} files, but there are some more \cite[section 2.2 'Changes to 
+the standard styles']{bibtex.a}.
+
+
+\section{Changes}
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[1993, April 20th:] \verb|bibgerm.sty| changed for use with `german.sty' 
+version 2.4. In detail: redefine `\verb|\selectlanguage|' or 
+`\verb|\p@selectlanguage|' depending on version of `german.sty'. 
+\end{description}
+
+\section{Known bugs}
+
+\begin{description}
+\item[german.sty:] Probably `\verb|bibgerm.sty|' won't work with `german.sty' 
+version 3.
+\end{description}
+
+\bibliography{gerbibtx}\bibliographystyle{gerplain}
+
+\end{document}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerxampl.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerxampl.bib
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ef6df3ecc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerxampl.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+@preamble{ "\newcommand{\noopsort}[1]{} "
+        # "\newcommand{\printfirst}[2]{#1} "
+        # "\newcommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1} "
+        # "\newcommand{\switchargs}[2]{#2#1} " }
+
+@ARTICLE{article-minimal,
+   author = {Leslie Andrew Aamport},
+   title = {Das System f{\"u}r die Vorbereitung von Dokumentationen {\"u}ber Gnats und Gnus},
+   journal = {Die Haustier-Zeitschrift},
+   year = 1986,
+   language = "german"
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{article-full,
+   author = {Leslie Andrew Aamport},
+   title = {Das System f{\"u}r die Vorbereitung von Dokumentationen {\"u}ber Gnats und Gnus},
+   journal = {Die Haustier-Zeitschrift},
+   year = 1986,
+   volume = 41,
+   number = 7,
+   pages = "73\,ff.",
+   month = jul,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger ARTICLE-Eintrag",
+}
+
+The KEY field is here to override the KEY field in the journal being
+cross referenced (so is the NOTE field, in addition to its imparting
+information).
+
+@ARTICLE{article-crossref,
+   crossref = {WHOLE-JOURNAL},
+   key = "",
+   author = {Leslie Andrew Aamport},
+   title = {Das System f{\"u}r die Vorbereitung von Dokumentationen {\"u}ber Gnats und Gnus},
+   pages = "73\,ff.",
+   note = "Dies ist ein querverweisender ARTICLE-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{whole-journal,
+   key = "GAJ",
+   journal = {Die Haustier-Zeitschrift},
+   year = 1986,
+   volume = 41,
+   number = 7,
+   month = jul,
+   note = {Dieses ganze Exemplar ist den Gnats und Gnus gewidmet
+                (dieser Eintrag ist ein ARTICLE (journal), auf den Verwiesen wurde)},
+}
+
+@INBOOK{inbook-minimal,
+   author = "Donald Edward Knuth",
+   title = "Fundamentale Algorithmen",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973b}}1973",
+   chapter = "1.2",
+}
+
+@INBOOK{inbook-full,
+   author = "Donald Edward Knuth",
+   title = "Fundamentale Algorithmen",
+   volume = 1,
+   series = "Die Kunst der Computerprogrammierung",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
+   edition = "Zweite",
+   month = "10.~" # jan,
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973b}}1973",
+   type = "Kapitel",
+   chapter = "1.2",
+   pages = "10--119",
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger INBOOK-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@INBOOK{inbook-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-set",
+   title = "Fundamentale Algorithmen",
+   volume = 1,
+   series = "Die Kunst der Computerprogrammierung",
+   edition = "Zweite",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973b}}1973",
+   type = "Kapitel",
+   chapter = "1.2",
+   note = "Dies ist ein querverweisender INBOOK-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@BOOK{book-minimal,
+   author = "Donald Edward Knuth",
+   title = "Seminumerische Algorithmen",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973c}}1981",
+}
+
+@BOOK{book-full,
+   author = "Donald Edward Knuth",
+   title = "Seminumerische Algorithmen",
+   volume = 2,
+   series = "Die Kunst der Computerprogrammierung",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
+   edition = "Zweite",
+   month = "10.~" # jan,
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973c}}1981",
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger BOOK-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@BOOK{book-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-set",
+   title = "Seminumerische Algorithmen",
+   volume = 2,
+   series = "Die Kunst der Computerprogrammierung",
+   edition = "Zweite",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973c}}1981",
+   note = "Dies ist ein querverweisender BOOK-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@BOOK{whole-set,
+   author = "Donald Edward Knuth",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   title = "Die Kunst der Computerprogrammierung",
+   series = "Vier B{\"a}nde",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973a}}{\switchargs{--90}{1968}}",
+   note = "Sieben B{\"a}nde geplant (dies ist eine Reihe von BOOK(s), auf die verwiesen wird)",
+}
+
+@BOOKLET{booklet-minimal,
+   key = "Kn{\printfirst{v}{1987}}",
+   title = "Die Programmierung von Computerkunst",
+}
+
+@BOOKLET{booklet-full,
+   author = "Jill Clown Knvth",
+   title = "Die Programmierung von Computerkunst",
+   howpublished = "Kunstverein D{\"u}sseldorf",
+   address = "D{\"u}sseldorf, Nordrheinwestfalen",
+   month = feb,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger BOOKLET-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{incollection-minimal,
+   author = "Daniel David Lincoll",
+   title = "Semigruppen von Wiederholungen",
+   booktitle = "High Speed Computer und Algorithmus Organisation",
+   publisher = "Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei",
+   year = 1977,
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{incollection-full,
+   author = "Daniel David Lincoll",
+   title = "Semigruppen von Wiederholungen",
+   editor = "David Johannes Lipcoll and Dirk Herwig Lawrie and Abraham Hans Sameh",
+   booktitle = "High Speed Computer und Algorithmus Organisation",
+   number = 23,
+   series = "Schnelle Computer",
+   chapter = 3,
+   type = "Teil",
+   pages = "179--183",
+   publisher = "Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei",
+   address = "Hintertupfingen am Bodensee",
+   edition = "Dritte",
+   month = sep,
+   year = 1977,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger INCOLLECTION-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{incollection-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-collection",
+   author = "Daniel Depp Lincoll",
+   title = "Semigruppen von Wiederholungen",
+   pages = "179--183",
+   note = "Dies ist ein querverweisender INCOLLECTION-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@BOOK{whole-collection,
+   editor = "David Johannes Lipcoll and Dirk Herwig Lawrie and Abraham Hans Sameh",
+   title = "High Speed Computer und Algorithmus Organisation",
+   booktitle = "High Speed Computer und Algorithmus Organisation",
+   number = 23,
+   series = "Schnelle Computer",
+   publisher = "Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei",
+   address = "Hintertupfingen am Bodensee",
+   edition = "Dritte",
+   month = sep,
+   year = 1977,
+   note = "Dies ist ein BOOK-Eintrag (aus einer Reihe), auf den verwiesen wurde",
+}
+
+@MANUAL{manual-minimal,
+   key = "Handbuchmacher",
+   title = "Das definitive Computer-Handbuch",
+}
+
+@MANUAL{manual-full,
+   author = "Larry Manmaker",
+   title = "Das definitive Computer-Handbuch",
+   organization = "Microchips-Revelation-Deutschland",
+   address = "Silikontal",
+   edition = "Silberpfeil",
+   month = apr # "--" # may,
+   year = 1986,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger MANUAL-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-minimal,
+   author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly",
+   title = "Wie schreibe ich eine Diplomarbeit?",
+   school = "Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzfestung",
+   year = 1988,
+}
+
+@MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-full,
+   author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly",
+   title = "Wie schreibe ich eine Diplomarbeit?",
+   school = "Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzfestung",
+   type = "Projekt {\"u}ber Diplom- und Magisterarbeiten",
+   address = "Abteilung f{\"u}r Germanistik",
+   month = jun # "--" # aug,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger MASTERSTHESIS-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@MISC{misc-minimal,
+   key = "Vermixtes",
+   note = "Dies ist ein minimaler MISC-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@MISC{misc-full,
+   author = "Joe-Bob Missilany",
+   title = "Zuf{\"a}llige Verteilung von Pamphleten an Flugh{\"a}fen",
+   howpublished = "Ausgegeben in Frankfurt am Main",
+   month = oct,
+   year = 1984,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger MISC-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@STRING{STOC-key = "OX{\singleletter{stoc}}"}
+
+@STRING{ACM = "OX-Vereinigung f{\"u}r Computing-Maschinerie"}
+
+@STRING{STOC = ": Symposium {\"u}ber die Theorie des Computing"}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-minimal,
+   author = "Alfred Veit Oaho and Jeffrey Dieter Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "Vorstellungen {\"u}ber die Informations{\"u}bertragung in {VLSI}-Schaltkreisen",
+   booktitle = "Konferenz zum f{\"u}nften Jahrestag der " # ACM # STOC,
+   year = 1983,
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-full,
+   author = "Alfred Veit Oaho and Jeffrey Dieter Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "Vorstellungen {\"u}ber die Informations{\"u}bertragung in {VLSI}-Schaltkreisen",
+   booktitle = "Konferenz zum f{\"u}nften Jahrestag der " # ACM # STOC,
+   editor = "Wizard Veit Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   number = 17,
+   series = "Alle Konferenzen der " # ACM,
+   pages = "133--139",
+   month = mar,
+   year = 1983,
+   address = "M{\"u}nchen",
+   organization = ACM,
+   publisher = "Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei",
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger INPROCEDINGS-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-proceedings",
+   author = "Alfred Veit Oaho and Jeffrey Dieter Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "Vorstellungen {\"u}ber die Informations{\"u}bertragung in {VLSI}-Schaltkreisen",
+   organization = "",
+   pages = "133--139",
+   note = "Dies ist ein querverweisender INPROCEEDINGS-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-minimal,
+   key = STOC-key,
+   title = "Konferenz zum f{\"u}nften Jahrestag der " # ACM # STOC,
+   year = 1983,
+}
+
+@PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-full,
+   editor = "Wizard Veit Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual" # STOC,
+   number = 17,
+   series = "Alle Konferenzen der " # ACM,
+   month = mar,
+   year = 1983,
+   address = "M{\"u}nchen",
+   organization = ACM,
+   publisher = "Universit{\"a}tsdruckerei",
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger PROCEEDINGS-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@PROCEEDINGS{whole-proceedings,
+   key = STOC-key,
+   organization = ACM,
+   title = "Konferenz zum f{\"u}nften Jahrestag" # STOC,
+   address = "M{\"u}nchen",
+   year = 1983,
+   booktitle = "Konferenz zum f{\"u}nften Jahrestag der " # ACM # STOC,
+   note = "This is a cross-referenced PROCEEDINGS",
+}
+
+@PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-minimal,
+   author = "Friedrich Phidias Phony-Baloney",
+   title = "Feuer mit Feuer bek{\"a}mpfen: Gewandte Franz{\"o}sische Redewendungen",
+   school = "Fanstord Universit{\"a}t",
+   year = 1988,
+}
+
+@PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-full,
+   author = "Friedrich Phidias Phony-Baloney",
+   title = "Feuer mit Feuer bek{\"a}mpfen: Gewandte Franz{\"o}sische Redewendungen",
+   school = "Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg",
+   type = "Dissertation",
+   address = "Abteilung f{\"u}r Franz{\"o}sisch",
+   month = jun # "--" # aug,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger PHDTHESIS-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@TECHREPORT{techreport-minimal,
+   author = "Tom von Schrecklich",
+   title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sortier Algorithmus",
+   institution = "Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg",
+   year = 1988,
+}
+
+@TECHREPORT{techreport-full,
+   author = "Tom T{\'{e}}rrific",
+   title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sortier Algorithmus",
+   institution = "Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg",
+   type = "W{\"u}nschenswertes Untersuchungsergebnis",
+   number = "7",
+   address = "Abteilung f{\"u}r Computerwissenschaften, W{\"u}rzburg, Bayern",
+   month = oct,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "Dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger TECHREPORT-Eintrag",
+}
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-minimal,
+   author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot",
+   title = "Niedrigere Grenzen f{\"u}r w{\"u}nschenswerte Untersuchungsergebnisse",
+   note = "Colloquium an der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg (dies ist ein minimaler UNPUBLISHED-Eintrag)",
+}
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-full,
+   author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot",
+   title = "Niedrigere Grenzen f{\"u}r w{\"u}nschenswerte Untersuchungsergebnisse",
+   month = nov # ", " # dec,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "Colloquium an der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg (dies ist ein vollst{\"a}ndiger UNPUBLISHED-Eintrag)",
+}
+
+@MISC{random-note-crossref,
+   key = {Volume-2},
+   note = "Band~2 ist unter Knuth \cite{book-full} aufgef{\"u}hrt"
+}
+
+   
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/schaum.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/schaum.bib
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8676552b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/schaum.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+@Book{gibson1997a,
+  author = 	 {Gibson, L. J. and Ashby, M. F.},
+  ALTeditor = 	 {},
+  title = 	 {{Cellular solids}},
+  publisher = 	 {Cambridge University Press},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {},
+  edition = 	 {second},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{davies1983a,
+  author = 	 {Davies, G. J. and Zhen, Shu},
+  title = 	 {{Metallic foams: their production, properties and 
+                  applications}},
+  journal = 	 {Mater. Sci.},
+  year = 	 {1899},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {18},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {1899},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{baumeister1997a,
+  author = 	 {Baumeister, J.},
+  title = 	 {{\"Uberblick: Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallsch\"aumen}},
+  booktitle = 	 {Metallsch\"aume (Beitr\"age zum Symposium Metallsch\"aume,
+                  IFAM, Bremen, 06.\,--\,07.\,03.~1997)},
+  OPTcrossref =  {},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  OPTpages = 	 {3},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTeditor = 	 {},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {Bremen},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTorganization = {},
+  publisher = {Verlag MIT Bremen},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+@Article{simone1998a,
+  author = 	 {Simone, A. E. and Gibson, L. J.},
+  title = 	 {{Aluminium foams produced by liquid-state processes}},
+  journal = 	 {Acta mater.},
+  year = 	 {1998},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {46},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {3109},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+@Article{banhart1994a,
+  author = 	 {Banhart, J. and Baumeister, J. and Weber, M.},
+  title = 	 {{Metallschaum -- ein Werkstoff mit Perspektiven}},
+  journal = 	 {Aluminium},
+  year = 	 {1994},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {70},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {209},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+@Article{banhart1997a,
+  author = 	 {Banhart, J. and Baumeister, J. and Weber, M.},
+  title = 	 {{Aluminium foams for transport industry}},
+  journal = 	 {Materials \& Design},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {18},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {221},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+@Misc{mepura1997a,
+  key = 	 {MEPURA},
+  OPTauthor = 	 {},
+  title = 	 {{MEPURA: "`Alulight"'}},
+  howpublished = {Firmenschrift der MEPURA-Metallpulver GmbH},
+  month = 	 {April},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  note = 	 {Ranshofen, \"Osterreich},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{degischer1997a,
+  author = 	 {Degischer, H. P.},
+  title = 	 {{Innovative light metals: metal matrix composites and 
+                   foamed aluminium}},
+  journal = 	 {Materials \& Design},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {18},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {221},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{ashby1983a,
+  author = 	 {Ashby, M. F.},
+  title = 	 {{The mechanical properties of cellular solids}},
+  journal = 	 {Met. Trans.},
+  year = 	 {1983},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {14A},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {1755},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+
+@Article{gibson1989a,
+  author = 	 {Gibson, L. J.},
+  title = 	 {{Modelling the mechanical behaviour of cellular materials}},
+  journal = 	 {Mat. Sci. Eng.},
+  year = 	 {1989},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {A 110},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {1},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+@Article{weaire1994a,
+  author = 	 {Weaire, D. and Fortes, M. A.},
+  title = 	 {{Stress and strain in liquid and solid foams}},
+  journal = 	 {Adv. in Physics},
+  year = 	 {1994},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {43},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {685},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{triantafillou1989a,
+  author = 	 {Triantafillou, T. C. and Zhang, J. and Shercliff, T. L. and
+                  Gibson, L. J. and Ashby, M. F.},
+  title = 	 {{Failure surfaces for cellular materials under multiaxial
+                   loads -- II. Comparison of models with experiment}},
+  journal = 	 {Int. J. Mech. Sci.},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {39},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {549},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+
+@Article{silva1997a,
+  author = 	 {Silva, M. J. and Gibson, L. J.},
+  title = 	 {{The effect of non-periodic microstructure and defects 
+                   on the compressive strength of two-dimensional cellular
+                   solids}},
+  journal = 	 {Int. J. Mech. Sci.},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {39},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {549},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{simone1998b,
+  author = 	 {Simone, A. E. and Gibson, L. J.},
+  title = 	 {{Effects of solid distribution on the stiffness and
+                   strength of metallic foams}},
+  journal = 	 {Acta mater.},
+  year = 	 {1998},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {46},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {2139},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+
+@InProceedings{degischer1997b,
+  author = 	 {Degischer, H. P. and Galovsky, U. and Gradinger, R. and
+                  Kretz, R. and Simanc\'ik, F.},
+  title = 	 {{\"Uber mechanische Eigenschaften von Aluminiumsch\"aumen}},
+  booktitle = 	 {Metallsch\"aume (Beitr\"age zum Symposium Metallsch\"aume, IFAM,
+                  Bremen, 06.\,--\,07.\,03.~1997},
+  OPTcrossref =  {},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {79},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  editor = 	 {J. Banhart},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTorganization = {},
+  publisher = {Verlag MIT Bremen},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{beals1997a,
+  author = 	 {Beals, J. T. and Thompson, M. S.},
+  title = 	 {{Density gradient effects on aluminium foam compression
+                   behavior}},
+  journal = 	 {J. Mater. Sci},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {32},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {3595},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{sugimura1997a,
+  author = 	 {Sugimura, Y. and Meyer, J. and He, M. Y. and 
+                  Bart-Smith, H. and Greenstedt, J. and Evans, A. G.},
+  title = 	 {{On the mechanical performance of closed cell Al foams}},
+  journal = 	 {Acta mater.},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {45},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {45},
+  pages = 	 {5245},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+@Article{banhart1997b,
+  author = 	 {Banhart, J. and Baumeister, J.},
+  title = 	 {{Das Verformungsverhalten gesch\"aumter Metalle}},
+  journal = 	 {Metall},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {51},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {19},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  note = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+
+@Article{banhart1998a,
+  author = 	 {Banhart, J. and Baumeister, J.},
+  title = 	 {{Deformation characteristics of metal foams}},
+  journal = 	 {J. Mater. Sci.},
+  year = 	 {1998},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {33},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {1431},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  note = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@InProceedings{huschka1997a,
+  author = 	 {Huschka, S. and Hicken, S. and Arendts, F.-J.},
+  title = 	 {{Modellierung der Spannungs-Stauchungskurven von
+                   Aluminiumschaum unter Ber\"ucksichtigung der 
+                   Porengr\"o\ss{}enverteilung}},
+  booktitle = 	 {Metallsch\"aume (Beitr\"age zum Symposium Metallsch\"aume, IFAM,
+                  Bremen 06.\,--\,07.\,03.~1997},
+  OPTcrossref =  {},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {189},
+  year = 	 {1997},
+  editor = 	 {J. Banhart},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTorganization = {},
+  publisher = {Verlag MIT Bremen},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+@Article{santosa1998a,
+  author = 	 {Santosa, S. and Wierzbicki, T.},
+  title = 	 {{On the modeling of crush behavior of a closed-cell
+                   aluminium foam structure}},
+  journal = 	 {J. Mech. Phys. Solids},
+  year = 	 {1998},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {46},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {645},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+
+@PhdThesis{huschka1998a,
+  author = 	 {Huschka, S.},
+  title = 	 {{Modellierung eines Materialgesetzes zur Beschreibung
+                   der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Aluminiumschaum}},
+  school = 	 {Universit\"at Stuttgart},
+  year = 	 {1998},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  type = 	 {Dissertation},
+  address = 	 {VDI-Verlag. Fortschrittsberichte, Reihe 5, Nr. 525},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+
+@Misc{dfgdaempfung2000a,
+  key = 	 {Arbeitsbericht},
+  OPTauthor = 	 {},
+  title = 	 {{Arbeitsbericht zum DFG-Vorhaben Si~408/5-1 \glqq Mechanische
+                  D\"ampfung metallischer Sch\"aume\grqq\ im 
+                  DFG"=Schwerpunktprogramm SPP~1075}},
+  OPThowpublished = {},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  year = 	 {2000},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+@Misc{akprueftechnik2000a,
+  key = 	 {Protokoll},
+  OPTauthor = 	 {},
+  title = 	 {{Protokoll des Arbeitskreistreffens \glqq Mechanische
+                  Pr\"uftechnik\grqq\ und \glqq Quantitative 
+                  Gef\"ugebeschreibung\grqq\ am 29. und 30.\,03.~2000 an der 
+                  TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institut f\"ur Metallkunde}},
+  OPThowpublished = {},
+  month = 	 {04.\,04.},
+  year = 	 {2000},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {german}
+}
+
+
+@Article{sugimura1999a,
+  author = 	 {Sugimura, Y. and Rabiei, A. and Evans, A. G. and
+                  Harte, A. M. and Fleck, N. A.},
+  title = 	 {{Compression fatigue of a cellular Al alloy}},
+  journal = 	 {Materials Science \&\ Engineering},
+  year = 	 {1999},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {A269},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {38--48},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{schultz1999a,
+  author = 	 {Schultz, O. and Ligneris A. des and 
+                  Haider, O. and Starke, P.},
+  title = 	 {{Fatigue behaviour, strength and failure of aluminium foam}},
+  booktitle = 	 {Metal Foams and Porous Metal Structures},
+  OPTcrossref =  {},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {379--386},
+  year = 	 {1999},
+  editor = 	 {Banhart, J. and Ashby, M. F. and Fleck, N. A.},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTorganization = {},
+  publisher = {MIT Verlag},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+@InProceedings{olurin1999a,
+  author = 	 {Olurin, O. B. and Fleck, N. A. and Ashby, M. F.},
+  title = 	 {{Fatigue of an aluminium alloy foam}},
+  booktitle = 	 {Metal Foams and Porous Metal Structures},
+  OPTcrossref =  {},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {365--371},
+  year = 	 {1999},
+  editor = 	 {Banhart, J. and Ashby, M. F. and Fleck, N. A.},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTorganization = {},
+  publisher = {MIT Verlag},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+@InProceedings{zettl1999a,
+  author = 	 {Zettl, B. and Stanzl-Tschegg, S.},
+  title = 	 {{Fatigue of Aluminium Foams at Ultrasonic Frequencies}},
+  booktitle = 	 {Metal Foams and Porous Metal Structures},
+  OPTcrossref =  {},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  pages = 	 {373--378},
+  year = 	 {1999},
+  editor = 	 {Banhart, J. and Ashby, M. F. and Fleck, N. A.},
+  OPTvolume = 	 {},
+  OPTnumber = 	 {},
+  OPTseries = 	 {},
+  OPTaddress = 	 {},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTorganization = {},
+  publisher = {MIT Verlag},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
+@Article{bart-smith1998a,
+  author = 	 {Bart-Smith, H. and Bastawros, A.-F. and Mumm, D. R. and
+                  Evans, A. G. and Sypeck, D. J. and Wadley, H. N. G.},
+  title = 	 {{Compressive Deformation and Yielding Mechanisms in
+                   Cellular Al Alloys Determined Using X-Ray Tomography and
+                   Surface Strain Mapping}},
+  journal = 	 {Acta mater.},
+  year = 	 {1998},
+  OPTkey = 	 {},
+  volume = 	 {46},
+  number = 	 {10},
+  pages = 	 {3583--3592},
+  OPTmonth = 	 {},
+  OPTnote = 	 {},
+  OPTannote = 	 {},
+  language =  {english}
+}
+
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testbibgerm.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testbibgerm.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6671a22af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testbibgerm.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+\iffalse % true: LaTeX 2.09; false: LaTeX (2e)
+  %\documentstyle[ngerman,hhbibgerm]{article}
+  %\documentstyle[german,hhbibgerm]{article}
+  \documentstyle[bibgerm]{article}
+\else
+  \documentclass{article}
+  \listfiles
+  \usepackage{bibgerm}
+  \usepackage[english,german,ngerman]{babel}
+  %\usepackage{ngerman}
+  %\usepackage{german}
+\fi
+
+\begin{document}
+\noindent Active language: \languagename
+\nocite{mepura1997a,degischer1997b}
+\nocite{ashby1983a,banhart1997b,banhart1998a,beals1997a,
+  gibson1989a,sugimura1997a}
+\bibliographystyle{gerplain}
+\bibliography{schaum}
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testgerb.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testgerb.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3103c8df6ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testgerb.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+% macropackage lplaing
+%format latexg
+% This is for tests with `GERXAMPL.BIB' or `XAMPL.BIB'
+% and the different style-files
+\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
+    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
+
+\documentstyle[bibgerm,mynormal%
+%,apalike%
+]{article}
+%\nonfrenchspacing
+%\originalTeX
+\begin{document}
+
+Siehe \cite[Kapitel 3.4, S. 105\,ff.]{article-full}.
+
+
+Aaamport schreibt in \cite[S. 77--78]{article-minimal} wie sich 
+die Gnats mit den Gnus vertragen.
+
+
+Ein Artikel in \cite{article-crossref}.
+
+B�cher, B�cher, B�cher \cite{book-crossref}.
+
+
+Ein volles Buch kann schwer sein, ein vielb„ndiges Werk wie die Reihe 
+\cite{book-full} erst recht.
+
+Etwas f�r Leseratten zum Thema \TeX\ findet sich in \cite{book-minimal}.
+
+F�r weniger Leseinteressierte ein kleines Buch \cite{booklet-full}.
+
+Booklet heižen solche Dinger auf "`USenglish"' \cite{booklet-minimal}.
+
+Ein Kapitel aus einem Buch ist in \cite{inbook-crossref} angegeben, 
+dasselbe Kapitel noch einmal unter \cite{inbook-full}. Der n„chste 
+Eintrag ist glaube ich ein neuer \cite{inbook-minimal} --- oder auch nicht.
+
+Einzelne B„nde einer Reihe wie \cite{incollection-crossref} k”nnen so oder
+auch anders wie hier \cite{incollection-full} zitiert werden. Auch die
+folgende Variante kann ich ihnen anbieten \cite{incollection-minimal}.
+
+Konferenzen, Konferenzen \cite{inproceedings-crossref}. Und wenn auf der 
+Konferenz etwas ver”ffentlicht wurde wie \cite{inproceedings-full} dann kann
+man es unter \cite{inproceedings-minimal} nachlesen.
+
+Hnadb�cher gibts auch \cite{manual-full}. Auch wenn \cite{manual-minimal} ein
+bl”des Beispiel daf�r ist.
+
+Dieser Text und diese \cite{mastersthesis-full} Diplomarbeit sind wohl 
+ebensowenig wie die folgende \cite{mastersthesis-minimal} ganz ernst zu 
+nehmen.
+
+Vermixtes will heižen \cite{misc-full}. Gemischtes \cite{misc-minimal} ist
+f�r alles gut.
+
+Anspruschsvolelr ist da schon \cite{phdthesis-full}, eine Doktorarbeit, mit der
+sich auch \cite{phdthesis-minimal} besch„ftigt.
+
+Schon wieder Konferenzen \cite{proceedings-full} �ber Konferenzen \cite{proceedings-minimal}.
+
+
+Diese ist ein Band mit einem zuf„lligen Querverweis \cite{random-note-crossref} --- oder so.
+
+Heižt es nun "`Technischer Bericht"' \cite{techreport-full} oder sind einfach
+Bedienungsanleitungen damit gemeint \cite{techreport-minimal}.
+
+Selbst Sachen, die noch nicht publiziert sind \cite{unpublished-full} kann man 
+so \cite{unpublished-minimal} zitieren.
+
+Ein Beispiel f�r eine Gesamtausgabe \cite{whole-collection}.
+
+Ein Beispiel f�r eine Zeitschrift \cite{whole-journal}.
+
+Und noch mehr vollst„ndiges: Konferenzen \cite{whole-proceedings} und
+ein "`Set"' \cite{whole-set}.
+
+\nocite{*}
+
+\bibliography{gerxampl}
+\bibliographystyle{gerabbrv}
+%\bibliographystyle{gerplain}
+%\bibliographystyle{gerunsrt}
+%\bibliographystyle{geralpha}
+%%\bibliographystyle{gerapali}
+
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/xampl.bib b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/xampl.bib
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7121774497d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/xampl.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+@preamble{ "\newcommand{\noopsort}[1]{} "
+        # "\newcommand{\printfirst}[2]{#1} "
+        # "\newcommand{\singleletter}[1]{#1} "
+        # "\newcommand{\switchargs}[2]{#2#1} " }
+
+@ARTICLE{article-minimal,
+   author = {L[eslie] A. Aamport},
+   title = {The Gnats and Gnus Document Preparation System},
+   journal = {\mbox{G-Animal's} Journal},
+   year = 1986,
+   language = "english"
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{article-full,
+   author = {L[eslie] A. Aamport},
+   title = {The Gnats and Gnus Document Preparation System},
+   journal = {\mbox{G-Animal's} Journal},
+   year = 1986,
+   volume = 41,
+   number = 7,
+   pages = "73+",
+   month = jul,
+   note = "This is a full ARTICLE entry",
+}
+
+The KEY field is here to override the KEY field in the journal being
+cross referenced (so is the NOTE field, in addition to its imparting
+information).
+
+@ARTICLE{article-crossref,
+   crossref = {WHOLE-JOURNAL},
+   key = "",
+   author = {L[eslie] A. Aamport},
+   title = {The Gnats and Gnus Document Preparation System},
+   pages = "73+",
+   note = "This is a cross-referencing ARTICLE entry",
+}
+
+@ARTICLE{whole-journal,
+   key = "GAJ",
+   journal = {\mbox{G-Animal's} Journal},
+   year = 1986,
+   volume = 41,
+   number = 7,
+   month = jul,
+   note = {The entire issue is devoted to gnats and gnus
+                (this entry is a cross-referenced ARTICLE (journal))},
+}
+
+@INBOOK{inbook-minimal,
+   author = "Donald E. Knuth",
+   title = "Fundamental Algorithms",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973b}}1973",
+   chapter = "1.2",
+}
+
+@INBOOK{inbook-full,
+   author = "Donald E. Knuth",
+   title = "Fundamental Algorithms",
+   volume = 1,
+   series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
+   edition = "Second",
+   month = "10~" # jan,
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973b}}1973",
+   type = "Section",
+   chapter = "1.2",
+   pages = "10--119",
+   note = "This is a full INBOOK entry",
+}
+
+@INBOOK{inbook-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-set",
+   title = "Fundamental Algorithms",
+   volume = 1,
+   series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
+   edition = "Second",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973b}}1973",
+   type = "Section",
+   chapter = "1.2",
+   note = "This is a cross-referencing INBOOK entry",
+}
+
+@BOOK{book-minimal,
+   author = "Donald E. Knuth",
+   title = "Seminumerical Algorithms",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973c}}1981",
+}
+
+@BOOK{book-full,
+   author = "Donald E. Knuth",
+   title = "Seminumerical Algorithms",
+   volume = 2,
+   series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   address = "Reading, Massachusetts",
+   edition = "Second",
+   month = "10~" # jan,
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973c}}1981",
+   note = "This is a full BOOK entry",
+}
+
+@BOOK{book-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-set",
+   title = "Seminumerical Algorithms",
+   volume = 2,
+   series = "The Art of Computer Programming",
+   edition = "Second",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973c}}1981",
+   note = "This is a cross-referencing BOOK entry",
+}
+
+@BOOK{whole-set,
+   author = "Donald E. Knuth",
+   publisher = "Addison-Wesley",
+   title = "The Art of Computer Programming",
+   series = "Four volumes",
+   year = "{\noopsort{1973a}}{\switchargs{--90}{1968}}",
+   note = "Seven volumes planned (this is a cross-referenced set of BOOKs)",
+}
+
+@BOOKLET{booklet-minimal,
+   key = "Kn{\printfirst{v}{1987}}",
+   title = "The Programming of Computer Art",
+}
+
+@BOOKLET{booklet-full,
+   author = "Jill C. Knvth",
+   title = "The Programming of Computer Art",
+   howpublished = "Vernier Art Center",
+   address = "Stanford, California",
+   month = feb,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "This is a full BOOKLET entry",
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{incollection-minimal,
+   author = "Daniel D. Lincoll",
+   title = "Semigroups of Recurrences",
+   booktitle = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization",
+   publisher = "Academic Press",
+   year = 1977,
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{incollection-full,
+   author = "Daniel D. Lincoll",
+   title = "Semigroups of Recurrences",
+   editor = "David J. Lipcoll and D. H. Lawrie and A. H. Sameh",
+   booktitle = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization",
+   number = 23,
+   series = "Fast Computers",
+   chapter = 3,
+   type = "Part",
+   pages = "179--183",
+   publisher = "Academic Press",
+   address = "New York",
+   edition = "Third",
+   month = sep,
+   year = 1977,
+   note = "This is a full INCOLLECTION entry",
+}
+
+@INCOLLECTION{incollection-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-collection",
+   author = "Daniel D. Lincoll",
+   title = "Semigroups of Recurrences",
+   pages = "179--183",
+   note = "This is a cross-referencing INCOLLECTION entry",
+}
+
+@BOOK{whole-collection,
+   editor = "David J. Lipcoll and D. H. Lawrie and A. H. Sameh",
+   title = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization",
+   booktitle = "High Speed Computer and Algorithm Organization",
+   number = 23,
+   series = "Fast Computers",
+   publisher = "Academic Press",
+   address = "New York",
+   edition = "Third",
+   month = sep,
+   year = 1977,
+   note = "This is a cross-referenced BOOK (collection) entry",
+}
+
+@MANUAL{manual-minimal,
+   key = "Manmaker",
+   title = "The Definitive Computer Manual",
+}
+
+@MANUAL{manual-full,
+   author = "Larry Manmaker",
+   title = "The Definitive Computer Manual",
+   organization = "Chips-R-Us",
+   address = "Silicon Valley",
+   edition = "Silver",
+   month = apr # "--" # may,
+   year = 1986,
+   note = "This is a full MANUAL entry",
+}
+
+@MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-minimal,
+   author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly",
+   title = "Mastering Thesis Writing",
+   school = "Stanford University",
+   year = 1988,
+}
+
+@MASTERSTHESIS{mastersthesis-full,
+   author = "{\'{E}}douard Masterly",
+   title = "Mastering Thesis Writing",
+   school = "Stanford University",
+   type = "Master's project",
+   address = "English Department",
+   month = jun # "-" # aug,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "This is a full MASTERSTHESIS entry",
+}
+
+@MISC{misc-minimal,
+   key = "Missilany",
+   note = "This is a minimal MISC entry",
+}
+
+@MISC{misc-full,
+   author = "Joe-Bob Missilany",
+   title = "Handing out random pamphlets in airports",
+   howpublished = "Handed out at O'Hare",
+   month = oct,
+   year = 1984,
+   note = "This is a full MISC entry",
+}
+
+@STRING{STOC-key = "OX{\singleletter{stoc}}"}
+
+@STRING{ACM = "The OX Association for Computing Machinery"}
+
+@STRING{STOC = " Symposium on the Theory of Computing"}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-minimal,
+   author = "Alfred V. Oaho and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "On Notions of Information Transfer in {VLSI} Circuits",
+   booktitle = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual ACM" # STOC,
+   year = 1983,
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-full,
+   author = "Alfred V. Oaho and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "On Notions of Information Transfer in {VLSI} Circuits",
+   editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   booktitle = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual ACM" # STOC,
+   number = 17,
+   series = "All ACM Conferences",
+   pages = "133--139",
+   month = mar,
+   year = 1983,
+   address = "Boston",
+   organization = ACM,
+   publisher = "Academic Press",
+   note = "This is a full INPROCEDINGS entry",
+}
+
+@INPROCEEDINGS{inproceedings-crossref,
+   crossref = "whole-proceedings",
+   author = "Alfred V. Oaho and Jeffrey D. Ullman and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "On Notions of Information Transfer in {VLSI} Circuits",
+   organization = "",
+   pages = "133--139",
+   note = "This is a cross-referencing INPROCEEDINGS entry",
+}
+
+@PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-minimal,
+   key = STOC-key,
+   title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual" # STOC,
+   year = 1983,
+}
+
+@PROCEEDINGS{proceedings-full,
+   editor = "Wizard V. Oz and Mihalis Yannakakis",
+   title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual" # STOC,
+   number = 17,
+   series = "All ACM Conferences",
+   month = mar,
+   year = 1983,
+   address = "Boston",
+   organization = ACM,
+   publisher = "Academic Press",
+   note = "This is a full PROCEEDINGS entry",
+}
+
+@PROCEEDINGS{whole-proceedings,
+   key = STOC-key,
+   organization = ACM,
+   title = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual" # STOC,
+   address = "Boston",
+   year = 1983,
+   booktitle = "Proc. Fifteenth Annual ACM" # STOC,
+   note = "This is a cross-referenced PROCEEDINGS",
+}
+
+@PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-minimal,
+   author = "F. Phidias Phony-Baloney",
+   title = "Fighting Fire with Fire: Festooning {F}rench Phrases",
+   school = "Fanstord University",
+   year = 1988,
+}
+
+@PHDTHESIS{phdthesis-full,
+   author = "F. Phidias Phony-Baloney",
+   title = "Fighting Fire with Fire: Festooning {F}rench Phrases",
+   school = "Fanstord University",
+   type = "{PhD} Dissertation",
+   address = "Department of French",
+   month = jun # "-" # aug,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "This is a full PHDTHESIS entry",
+}
+
+@TECHREPORT{techreport-minimal,
+   author = "Tom Terrific",
+   title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sorting Algorithm",
+   institution = "Fanstord University",
+   year = 1988,
+}
+
+@TECHREPORT{techreport-full,
+   author = "Tom T{\'{e}}rrific",
+   title = "An {$O(n \log n / \! \log\log n)$} Sorting Algorithm",
+   institution = "Fanstord University",
+   type = "Wishful Research Result",
+   number = "7",
+   address = "Computer Science Department, Fanstord, California",
+   month = oct,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "This is a full TECHREPORT entry",
+}
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-minimal,
+   author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot",
+   title = "Lower Bounds for Wishful Research Results",
+   note = "Talk at Fanstord University (this is a minimal UNPUBLISHED entry)",
+}
+
+@UNPUBLISHED{unpublished-full,
+   author = "Ulrich {\"{U}}nderwood and Ned {\~N}et and Paul {\={P}}ot",
+   title = "Lower Bounds for Wishful Research Results",
+   month = nov # ", " # dec,
+   year = 1988,
+   note = "Talk at Fanstord University (this is a full UNPUBLISHED entry)",
+}
+
+@MISC{random-note-crossref,
+   key = {Volume-2},
+   note = "Volume~2 is listed under Knuth \cite{book-full}"
+}
+
+   
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/tpm/germbib.tpm b/Master/texmf-dist/tpm/germbib.tpm
index 21bfb663e1f..d55b181d144 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/tpm/germbib.tpm
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/tpm/germbib.tpm
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
   <rdf:Description about="http://texlive.dante.de/texlive/Package/germbib.zip">
     <TPM:Name>germbib</TPM:Name>
     <TPM:Type>Package</TPM:Type>
-    <TPM:Date>2006/01/21 00:25:32</TPM:Date>
+    <TPM:Date>1970/01/01 00:00:00</TPM:Date>
     <TPM:Version></TPM:Version>
     <TPM:Creator>rahtz</TPM:Creator>
     <TPM:Title>German variants of standard BibTeX styles.</TPM:Title>
@@ -13,11 +13,7 @@ Give possibility to switch between German and English references.
     <TPM:Author>Harald Harders</TPM:Author>
     <TPM:Size>241358</TPM:Size>
     <TPM:Build/>
-    <TPM:RunFiles size="167826">
-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/README.bibgerm
-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/gerbibtx.bib
-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/gerxampl.bib
-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/schaum.bib
+    <TPM:RunFiles size="141634">
 texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/germbib/gerabbrv.bst
 texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/germbib/geralpha.bst
 texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/germbib/gerapali.bst
@@ -27,13 +23,20 @@ texmf-dist/tex/latex/germbib/bibgerm.sty
 texmf-dist/tex/latex/germbib/mynormal.sty
 texmf-dist/tpm/germbib.tpm
     </TPM:RunFiles>
-    <TPM:DocFiles size="73532">
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/gerbibtx.dvi
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testbibgerm.dvi
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testbibgerm.tex
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testgerb.dvi
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testgerb.tex
+    <TPM:DocFiles size="137490">
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/README.bibgerm
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.doc
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.germbib_sty
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxdoc.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxhak.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.bib
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerxampl.bib
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/schaum.bib
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testbibgerm.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testgerb.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/xampl.bib
     </TPM:DocFiles>
     <TPM:Provides>Package/germbib</TPM:Provides>
   </rdf:Description>
diff --git a/Master/texmf/lists/germbib b/Master/texmf/lists/germbib
index fcda6e340c9..e7d9882b3d7 100644
--- a/Master/texmf/lists/germbib
+++ b/Master/texmf/lists/germbib
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/gerbibtx.dvi
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testbibgerm.dvi
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-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testgerb.dvi
-texmf-dist/doc/latex/germbib/testgerb.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/README.bibgerm
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.doc
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.germbib_sty
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/apalike.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxdoc.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/btxhak.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.bib
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerbibtx.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/gerxampl.bib
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/schaum.bib
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testbibgerm.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/testgerb.tex
+texmf-dist/doc/bibtex/germbib/xampl.bib
 
-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/README.bibgerm
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-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/gerxampl.bib
-texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/germbib/schaum.bib
 texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/germbib/gerabbrv.bst
 texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/germbib/geralpha.bst
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