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diff --git a/obsolete/macros/inrstex/inrsdoc/thspac.tex b/obsolete/macros/inrstex/inrsdoc/thspac.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..47e524eab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/obsolete/macros/inrstex/inrsdoc/thspac.tex @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ +%-*-tex-*- +\ifundefined{writestatus} \input status \relax \fi % +\chcode{spac} + +\def\cqu{\cquote{It is a very sad thing that nowadays there is so little useless +information.}{Oscar~Wilde (1854-1900)}} + +\chapterhead{spac}{SPACING} +This chapter discusses the various mechanisms in \tex\ for creating and +controlling spaces in a document. All spacing involves the insertion of glue +that may or may not have stretch or shrink. This chapter also includes a +description of |\beginttverbatim...\endttverbatim| that allows text to be +inserted in a typewriter font with the original spacing. It is useful for +such things as computer listings. + +{\bf You should never need to use |\vskip| or |\hskip| or its relatives +while using \intex\ \dots\ except perhaps when trying to place boxes on a +page.} \intex\ has easily modified parameters for all spacing. If you don't +like the spacing before or after an |\shead|, check first that there is no +underfull box and then modify |\prsheadskipsize| and |\posheadskipsize| as +necessary. + +\shead{spacomlist}{Command List} +\begintwocolumn +\ext|\beginttverbatim| +\pla|\bigskip| +\ext|\endttverbatim| +\pla|\enskip| +\pri|\hskip| +\pri|\kern| +\pla|\medskip| +\pri|\mkern| +\pri|\mskip| +\pla|\quad| +\pla|\qquad| +\pla|\smallskip| +\ext|\spacing| +\pri|\vglue| +\pri|\vskip| +\endtwocolumn + +\shead{basicspac}{Basic Spacing Mechanisms} +The basic spacing commands in \tex\ are |\hskip|, |\vskip|, and |\mskip| that +are used in horizontal, vertical and mathematics mode respectively. All of +these take |<glue>| in the standard form of +|[+ -] <dimen> [plus <dimen>] [minus <dimen>]| except |\mskip| which +must have |<mudimen>| or units of |mu|. The stretch and shrink +parameters are optional but the first |<dimen>| is not. In general \tex\ allows +for line or page breaks to occur after glue in a list. If spacing is desired +without the possibility of breaks or glue disposal, then the commands +|\kern| and |\mkern| are +used. These are the ones used for placing accents. + +When \tex\ breaks a page or a line, the glue at the beginning of the line or +page is discarded, unless it is put there via a |\kern|. This means that a +special command is needed to force glue at the top of a page. This command is +|\vglue|. It is like |\vskip| but works at the top of the page. + + +Special preset skips in vertical mode are |\smallskip|, |\medskip|, +|\bigskip| and for horizontal mode |\quad|, |\qquad|, and |\enspace|. The +latter three are font size dependent and also will work in math mode. + +Finally |\spacing| is an \intex\ command that allows for a changing of the +spacing between the lines of a document. For instance |\spacing{1.5}| will +produce 1.5 line spacing. |\spacing| modifies the vertical skip that \tex\ +puts between adjacent lines. {\bf However, lists, +the various types of section heads, figure and table captions, and footnotes +are all forced to be single spacing.} All those forms that have an +|\every...| may be modified. For example +|\everylist = {\spacing{1.5}}| +will force every list to have 1.5 spacing. If |\everysublist| and +|\everysubsublist| have not been modified, sublists and subsublists will also +be spacing 1.5. + + +\shead{verbatim}{Verbatim or ``No Fill'' Forms} +\intex\ supplies, as an external command list, a method of producing a +listing with the same spacing that exists in the original form. This is only +supplied for typewriter |\tt| fonts as these are the only monospaced fonts +available. For a monospaced font, all characters are the same width so that +it is possible to ensure that spacing will be identical to that seen on a +normal typewriter or terminal screen. All characters except the backslash +``~|\|~'' are allowed. +For example +\begingroup \catcode`\^=7 +\beginttverbatim +This is + an example + where the + first word of each + line starts below the + second one of + the previous line. +\endttverbatim +\catcode`\^^M=13 \global\let^^M=\par\endgroup +It was given by the following code +\begintt +\beginttverbatim +This is + an example + where the + first word of each + line starts below the + second one of + the previous line. +\endtt +|\endttverbatim| + +\shead{spaccomforms}{Command Forms} +\beginblockmode +\ext\@|\beginttverbatim| +\nbr +Begins a section of ``verbatim'' or ``no fill'' mode in typewriter font. All +characters except the backslash ``~|\|~'' are allowed. This form must +terminate with an |\endttverbatim|. At the cost of a one character offset, +the |\def\@{\char'134}| will drop a |\| in using |\@|. + + +\mbr +\pla\@|\bigskip| +\nbr +Vertical skip of size \quad\vbox{\hrule width .25in\bigskip\hrule}. + +\mbr +\ext\@|\endttverbatim| +\nbr +Ends a section of ``verbatim'' or ``no fill'' mode in typewriter font. All +characters except the backslash ``~|\|~'' are allowed. This form must +begin with a |\beginttverbatim|. + +\mbr +\pla\@|\enskip| +\nbr +Horizontal skip of \hbox{\strut\vrule\enspace\vrule} -- one |\enspace| or +.5em. + +\mbr +\pri\@|\hskip [+ -] <dimen> [plus <dimen>] [minus <dimen>]| +\nbr +This is the basic positive and negative skip in horizontal mode. + + +\mbr +\pri\@|\kern [+ -] <dimen>| +\nbr +This produces an unbreakable space vertically, in vertical mode, and +horizontally, in horizontal mode. + +\mbr +\pri\@|\mkern [+ -] <decimal number>mu| +\nbr +This is the basic unbreakable space in math mode. It is always in |mu| units. +Note that there are 18 |mu| to an |em|. For instance |$]\mkern -1mu[$| gives +$]\mkern -1mu[$. + +\mbr +\pri\@|\mskip [+ -] <mudimen> [plus <mudimen>] [minus <mudimen>]| +\nbr +A |<mudimen>| is |<decimal number>mu|. This is the basic horizontal +math |mu| skip with glue. It is valid only in math mode. + +\mbr +\pla\@|\medskip| +\nbr +This is a vertical skip of the size \quad\vbox{\hrule width .25in\medskip\hrule}. + + + +\mbr +\pla\@|\quad \qquad| +\nbr +These are horizontal skips of 1em and 2em respectively. They correspond in +this font to \hbox{\strut\vrule\quad\vrule} and +\hbox{\strut\vrule\qquad\vrule} respectively. + +\mbr +\pla\@|\smallskip| +\nbr +This is a vertical skip of the size \quad \vbox{\hrule width .25in\smallskip\hrule}. + +\mbr +\ext\@|\spacing {<decimal number>}| +\nbr +The spacing becomes |<decimal number>| times the normal spacing. The normal +spacing is usually referred to as {\it single} spacing. + + + +\mbr +\pri\@|\vglue [=] [+ -] <dimen> [plus <dimen>] [minus <dimen>]| +\nbr +This puts nondiscardable glue into a vertical list. It is usually used to +put a vertical skip at the top of a page. + +\mbr +\pri\@|\vskip [=] [+ -] <dimen> [plus <dimen>] [minus <dimen>]| +\nbr +This is the standard vertical skip command. If used in horizontal mode, it +automatically causes a switch to vertical mode. + +\endblockmode +\ejectpage +\done
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