path: root/Master/texmf-doc/doc/russian/lshort-russian/src/things.tex

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% Contents: Things you need to know
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\chapter{üÔÏ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÎÁÔØ}
\begin{intro}
  ðÅÒ×ÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ËÒÁÔËÉÊ ÏÂÚÏÒ ÆÉÌÏÓÏÆÉÉ É ÉÓÔÏÒÉÉ
  \LaTeX{}. ÷ÔÏÒÁÑ ÞÁÓÔØ ÇÌÁ×Ù ÆÏËÕÓÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁÈ
  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ× \LaTeX{}. ðÏÓÌÅ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÏÂÝÅÅ
  ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ \LaTeX{}. ÷ ÄÁÌØÎÅÊÛÅÍ ÜÔÏ ÐÏÍÏÖÅÔ
  ×ÁÍ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÉÔØ ×ÓÀ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ × ÅÄÉÎÕÀ ËÁÒÔÉÎÕ.
\end{intro}


\section{îÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ}
\subsection{\TeX}

\sloppy{}\TeX{}~--- ÜÔÏ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÎÁÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÁÑ äÏÎÁÌØÄÏÍ ëÎÕÔÏÍ
(\index{Knuth, Donald E.}Donald E.~Knuth)~\cite{texbook}. ïÎÁ
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÔËÉ ÔÅËÓÔÁ É ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÆÏÒÍÕÌ. ëÎÕÔ ÎÁÞÁÌ
ÐÉÓÁÔØ \TeX{} × 1977 ÇÏÄÕ ÄÌÑ ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÏÔÅÎÃÉÁÌÁ ÃÉÆÒÏ×ÏÇÏ
ÐÅÞÁÔÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÎÁÞÁÌÏ ÐÏÑ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ × ÜÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ,
ÎÁÄÅÑÓØ, × ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØ ÔÅÎÄÅÎÃÉÀ ÕÈÕÄÛÅÎÉÑ ÔÉÐÏÇÒÁÆÓËÏÇÏ
ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Á, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÏÎ ×ÉÄÅÌ ÎÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÅ ÅÇÏ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÈ ËÎÉÇ É ÓÔÁÔÅÊ.
\TeX{}, × ÔÏÍ ×ÉÄÅ, × ËÁËÏÍ ÍÙ ÅÇÏ ÓÅÇÏÄÎÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍ, ÂÙÌ ×ÙÐÕÝÅÎ ×
1982 ÇÏÄÕ Ó ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑÍÉ × 1989 (ÌÕÞÛÁÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ 8-ÂÉÔÎÙÈ
ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× É ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÑÚÙËÏ×). \TeX{} ÚÎÁÍÅÎÉÔ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÞÒÅÚ×ÙÞÁÊÎÏÊ
ÓÔÁÂÉÌØÎÏÓÔØÀ, ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ ÎÁ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÔÉÐÁÈ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÏ× É ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
ÐÏÌÎÙÍ ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅÍ ÏÛÉÂÏË. îÏÍÅÒ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ \TeX{} ÓÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ Ë $\pi$ É
ÓÅÊÞÁÓ ÒÁ×ÅÎ $3.14159$.

\TeX{} ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ËÁË <<ÔÅÈ>>. ÷ ÓÒÅÄÅ \texttt{ASCII} \TeX{}
ÎÕÖÎÏ ÐÉÓÁÔØ ËÁË \texttt{TeX}.

\subsection{\LaTeX}

\LaTeX{}~--- ÍÁËÒÏÐÁËÅÔ, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ Á×ÔÏÒÁÍ ×ÅÒÓÔÁÔØ É ÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ ÉÈ
ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó ×ÙÓÏËÉÍ ÔÉÐÏÇÒÁÆÓËÉÍ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ, ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÚÁÒÁÎÅÅ
ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ, ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ ÍÁËÅÔÏ×. \LaTeX{} ÂÙÌ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎ
\index{Lamport, Leslie}{\lat Leslie Lamport}~\cite{manual}. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
ÍÅÈÁÎÉÚÍÁ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÔËÉ ÏÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ \TeX{}. óÅÊÞÁÓ \LaTeX{}
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ \index{Mittelbach, Frank}Frank Mittelbach. 

%÷ 1994 ÇÏÄÕ ÐÁËÅÔ \LaTeX{} ÂÙÌ ÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
%\index{LaTeX3@\LaTeX3}\LaTeX3 ×Ï ÇÌÁ×Å Ó \index{Mittelbach,
%  Frank}Frank Mittelbach. ÷ ÎÅÍ ÂÙÌÉ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÙ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÁ×ÎÏ
%ÏÖÉÄÁ×ÛÉÅÓÑ ÕÌÕÞÛÅÎÉÑ, É ×ÎÏ×Ø ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÙ ×ÓÅ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÙ \LaTeX{},
%ÒÁÚÏÛÅÄÛÉÅÓÑ Ó ×ÙÐÕÓËÁ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÌÅÔ ÎÁÚÁÄ \index{LaTeX 2.09@\LaTeX{}
%  2.09}×ÅÒÓÉÉ \LaTeX{}~2.09.  þÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÐÕÔÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÓÏ
%ÓÔÁÒÏÊ, ÏÎÁ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \index{LaTeX 2e@\LaTeXe}\LaTeXe. üÔÁ
%ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÑ ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ \LaTeXe{}.

\LaTeX{} ÐÒÏÉÚÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ËÁË <<ÌÜÊÔÅÈ>> ÉÌÉ ËÁË <<ÌÁÔÅÈ>>. åÓÌÉ ×Ù
ÓÓÙÌÁÅÔÅÓØ ÎÁ \LaTeX{} × \texttt{ASCII} ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÉ, ÐÉÛÉÔÅ
\texttt{LaTeX}. \LaTeXe{} ÐÉÛÅÔÓÑ ËÁË \texttt{LaTeX2e}.

%òÉÓÕÎÏË \ref{components} ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ~\pageref{components} ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ,
%ËÁË ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÔ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ \TeX{} É \LaTeXe{}. ïÎ ×ÚÑÔ ÉÚ \texttt{wots.tex}
%(Á×ÔÏÒ Kees van der Laan).

%\begin{figure}[btp]
%\begin{lined}{0.8\textwidth}
%\begin{center}
%\input{kees.fig}
%\end{center}
%\end{lined}
%\caption{óÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ \TeX{} ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ}\label{components}
%\end{figure}

\section{ïÓÎÏ×Ù}

\subsection{á×ÔÏÒ, ÄÉÚÁÊÎÅÒ É ×ÅÒÓÔÁÌØÝÉË}

äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, Á×ÔÏÒÙ ÏÔÄÁÀÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÒÕËÏÐÉÓÉ ×
ÉÚÄÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Ï. úÁÔÅÍ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÅÒÏ× ÉÚÄÁÔÅÌØÓÔ×Á ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÍÁËÅÔ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ (ÛÉÒÉÎÕ ÓÔÏÌÂÃÏ×, ÛÒÉÆÔÙ, ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÙ ×ÙÛÅ É ÎÉÖÅ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÏ×
É~Ô.Ð.). äÉÚÁÊÎÅÒ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ Ó×ÏÉ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÉ × ÒÕËÏÐÉÓÉ É ÏÔÄÁÅÔ ÅÅ
×ÅÒÓÔÁÌØÝÉËÕ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×ÅÒÓÔÁÅÔ ËÎÉÇÕ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÜÔÉÍÉ
ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÍÉ.

äÉÚÁÊÎÅÒ--ÞÅÌÏ×ÅË ÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÎÑÔØ, ÞÔÏ Á×ÔÏÒ ÉÍÅÌ × ×ÉÄÕ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÐÉÓÁÌ
Ó×ÏÀ ÒÕËÏÐÉÓØ. ïÎ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ ÇÌÁ×, ÃÉÔÁÔÙ, ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ,
ÆÏÒÍÕÌÙ É ÐÒÏÞÅÅ, ÉÓÈÏÄÑ ÉÚ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÏÐÙÔÁ É ÉÚ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÎÉÑ ÒÕËÏÐÉÓÉ.

÷ ÓÒÅÄÅ \LaTeX, \LaTeX{} ÂÅÒÅÔ ÎÁ ÓÅÂÑ ÒÏÌØ ÄÉÚÁÊÎÅÒÁ ËÎÉÇÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
\TeX{} × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ×ÅÒÓÔÁÌØÝÉËÁ. îÏ \LaTeX~--- ÜÔÏ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ
ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, É, ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÎÕÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ × ÂÏÌÅÅ ÞÅÔËÉÈ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÑÈ.
á×ÔÏÒ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÕÀ
ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ Ó×ÏÅÊ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÅËÓÔ
× ×ÉÄÅ <<ËÏÍÁÎÄ \LaTeX{}>>.

üÔÏ × ËÏÒÎÅ ÏÔÌÉÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÔ \wi{WYSIWYG}\footnote{What you see is what
  you get.} ÐÏÄÈÏÄÁ, ÐÒÉÎÑÔÏÇÏ × ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÈ
ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÏ×, ÔÁËÉÈ ËÁË \emph{MS Word} ÉÌÉ \emph{Corel WordPerfect}.  ÷
ÜÔÉÈ ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ Á×ÔÏÒÙ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÕÀÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ
ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÎÁ ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ. ÷ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÏÎÉ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÎÁ
ÜËÒÁÎÅ ËÁË ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÉÈ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ, ËÏÇÄÁ, × ËÏÎÃÅ ËÏÎÃÏ×, ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÎÁ.

ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ \LaTeX{} ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÉÔÏÇÏ×ÕÀ ËÁÒÔÉÎÕ ×Ï
×ÒÅÍÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÎÉÑ ÔÅËÓÔÁ. åÅ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ \LaTeX. úÁÔÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ×ÎÅÓÔÉ ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ
ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÐÅÞÁÔØÀ.

\subsection{äÉÚÁÊÎ ÍÁËÅÔÁ}

ôÉÐÏÇÒÁÆÓËÉÊ ÄÉÚÁÊÎ~--- ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÑ. îÅÏÐÙÔÎÙÅ Á×ÔÏÒÙ ÞÁÓÔÏ
ÄÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔ ÓÅÒØÅÚÎÙÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÑ, ÞÔÏ ÄÉÚÁÊÎ
ËÎÉÇÉ~--- ÜÔÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅÊ ÞÁÓÔØÀ ×ÏÐÒÏÓ ÜÓÔÅÔÉËÉ: <<ÅÓÌÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ
ÈÕÄÏÖÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÚÎÁÞÉÔ, ÏÎ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÏÔÄÉÚÁÊÎÅÎ>>. îÏ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ
ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ, Á ÎÅ ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÅÛÉ×ÁÎÉÑ × ËÁÒÔÉÎÎÏÊ ÇÁÌÅÒÅÅ,
ÕÄÏÂÓÔ×Ï ÅÇÏ ÞÔÅÎÉÑ É ÐÏÎÉÍÁÎÉÑ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ×ÁÖÎÙ, ÎÅÖÅÌÉ ËÒÁÓÏÔÁ.
îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:
\begin{itemize}
\item òÁÚÍÅÒ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ É ÎÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÏ× ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÔÅÍ,
  ÞÔÏÂÙ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ ÇÌÁ× É ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ× ÑÓÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÞÉÔÁÔÅÌÑ.
\item óÔÒÏËÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ËÏÒÏÔËÏÊ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÎÅ ÎÁÐÒÑÇÁÔØ ÇÌÁÚÁ
  ÞÉÔÁÔÅÌÑ, É ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÏ ÄÌÉÎÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ËÒÁÓÉ×ÏÇÏ ÚÁÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ.
\end{itemize}

ó \wi{WYSIWYG} ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ Á×ÔÏÒÙ ÞÁÓÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÑÔ ÜÓÔÅÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÐÒÉÑÔÎÙÅ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÌÁÂÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÎÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÎÅ×ÙÄÅÒÖÁÎÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÏÊ. \LaTeX{}
ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÛÉÂËÉ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÑ Á×ÔÏÒÁ ÏÂßÑ×ÌÑÔØ
\emph{ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÕÀ} ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ ÅÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. úÁÔÅÍ ÕÖÅ \LaTeX{} ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ
ÎÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÍÁËÅÔ (ÒÁÓËÌÁÄËÕ) ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ.

\subsection{ðÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á É ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÉ}

ôÅÍÁ, ÞÁÓÔÏ ÏÂÓÕÖÄÁÅÍÁÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÌÀÄÉ ÉÚ ÍÉÒÁ \wi{WYSIWYG} ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÔÓÑ Ó
ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍÉ \LaTeX{},~--- <<\wi{ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á \LaTeX} ÐÅÒÅÄ
ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÍÉ>>, ÉÌÉ ÎÁÏÂÏÒÏÔ. ìÕÞÛÅÅ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù
ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ ÔÁËÁÑ ÄÉÓËÕÓÓÉÑ,~--- ÜÔÏ ÐÒÉÇÎÕÔØÓÑ,
ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎÁ ÞÁÓÔÏ ×ÙÈÏÄÉÔ ÉÚ-ÐÏÄ ËÏÎÔÒÏÌÑ. ïÄÎÁËÏ, ÉÎÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÕËÌÏÎÉÔØÓÑ~\ldots


\medskip\noindent ÷ÏÔ ×ÁÍ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÏÒÕÖÉÅ. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÙÅ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Á
\LaTeX{} ÐÅÒÅÄ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÍÉ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÍÉ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏÒÁÍÉ:
\begin{itemize}

\item çÏÔÏ×ÙÅ ÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÁËÅÔÙ, ÄÅÌÁÀÝÉÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ
  ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÑÝÉÍÉ <<ËÁË ÉÚÄÁÎÎÙÅ>>.
\item õÄÏÂÎÏ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÁÎÁ ×ÅÒÓÔËÁ ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÆÏÒÍÕÌ.
\item ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÀ ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÙÕÞÉÔØ ÌÉÛØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÏÎÑÔÎÙÈ ËÏÍÁÎÄ,
  ÚÁÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. åÍÕ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ
  ÎÕÖÎÏ ×ÏÚÉÔØÓÑ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ Ó ÍÁËÅÔÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ.
\item ìÅÇËÏ ÉÚÇÏÔÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÄÁÖÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ, ÔÉÐÁ ÐÒÉÍÅÞÁÎÉÊ,
  ÏÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÉÊ, ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÊ É ÐÒÏÞÅÅ.
\item äÌÑ ÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÔÉÐÏÇÒÁÆÓËÉÈ ÚÁÄÁÞ, ÎÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
  ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÍ \LaTeX{}, ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÙÅ
  ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÄÌÑ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ
  \PSi{}-ÇÒÁÆÉËÉ ÉÌÉ ÄÌÑ ×ÅÒÓÔËÉ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÇÒÁÆÉÊ × ÔÏÞÎÏÍ
  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÍÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÁÍÉ. íÎÏÇÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ
  ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ËÏÍÐÏÎÅÎÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÙ × \companion.
\item \LaTeX{} ÐÏÏÝÒÑÅÔ Á×ÔÏÒÏ× ÐÉÓÁÔØ ÈÏÒÏÛÏ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ
  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÔÁË \LaTeX{} É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ~--- ÐÕÔÅÍ
  ÓÐÅÃÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÙ.
\item \TeX{}, ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÅÒÄÃÅ \LaTeXe{}, ÞÒÅÚ×ÙÞÁÊÎÏ ÍÏÂÉÌÅÎ É
  Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ
  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÁÈ.

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% Add examples ...
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\end{itemize}

\medskip

\noindent\LaTeX{} ÉÍÅÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ É ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÉ, ÎÏ, ËÁÖÅÔÓÑ, ÍÎÅ
ÔÒÕÄÎÏ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÓÒÅÄÉ ÎÉÈ ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÅ, ÈÏÔÑ, Ñ Õ×ÅÒÅÎ, ÄÒÕÇÉÅ ×ÁÍ ÎÁÊÄÕÔ ÉÈ
ÓÏÔÎÉ \texttt{;-)}

\begin{itemize}
% ÞÔÏ ÚÁ ÆÉÇÎÑ?
% \item \LaTeX{} ÐÌÏÈÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Õ ÐÒÏÄÁ×ÛÉÈ Ó×ÏÀ ÄÕÛÕ~\ldots
\item èÏÔÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÍÁËÅÔÙ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Ï ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ
  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×, ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÎÏ×ÏÇÏ ÍÁËÅÔÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÎÅ ÏÞÅÎØ
  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ É ÚÁÎÉÍÁÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.\footnote{çÏ×ÏÒÑÔ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ~--- ÏÄÎÁ
    ÉÚ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ \LaTeX3.}\index{LaTeX3@\LaTeX3}
\item ïÞÅÎØ ÓÌÏÖÎÏ ÐÉÓÁÔØ ÎÅÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ É ÎÅÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ
  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÙ.
\item ÷ÁÛÁ ÍÏÒÓËÁÑ Ó×ÉÎËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÁË ÄÏ ËÏÎÃÁ É ÎÅ ÐÏÎÑÔØ ËÏÎÃÅÐÃÉÀ
  ÌÏÇÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÒÁÚÍÅÔËÉ, ÎÅÓÍÏÔÒÑ ÎÁ ×ÉÄÉÍÙÅ ÐÅÒ×ÙÅ ÕÓÐÅÈÉ.
\end{itemize}

\section{éÓÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ \LaTeX{}}

éÓÈÏÄÎÙÍÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÄÌÑ \LaTeX{} Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÂÙÞÎÙÊ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ×
\texttt{ASCII}. åÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÍ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒÅ. ïÎ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÔÅËÓÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÝÉÍÉ \LaTeX{},
ËÁË ×ÅÒÓÔÁÔØ ÔÅËÓÔ.

\subsection{ðÒÏÂÅÌÙ}

<<ðÕÓÔÙÅ>> ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ÔÁËÉÅ, ËÁË ÐÒÏÂÅÌ ÉÌÉ ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÑ, ÔÒÁËÔÕÀÔÓÑ
\LaTeX{} ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×Ï, ËÁË <<\wi{ÐÒÏÂÅÌ}>>. \emph{îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÙÈ} ÐÕÓÔÙÈ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ×\index{ÐÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ} ÔÒÁËÔÕÀÔÓÑ
ËÁË \emph{ÏÄÉÎ} <<ÐÒÏÂÅÌ>>. ðÕÓÔÙÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ
ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ, Á ÅÄÉÎÉÞÎÙÊ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË
<<ÐÒÏÂÅÌ>>.  \index{ÐÒÏÂÅÌ!× ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÓÔÒÏËÉ}

ðÕÓÔÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ ÍÅÖÄÕ Ä×ÕÈ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ËÏÎÅÃ
ÁÂÚÁÃÁ. \emph{îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ} ÐÕÓÔÙÈ ÓÔÒÏË ÔÒÁËÔÕÀÔÓÑ ÔÁË ÖÅ, ËÁË
\emph{ÏÄÎÁ} ÐÕÓÔÁÑ ÓÔÒÏËÁ. îÉÖÅ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ. óÐÒÁ×Á~--- ÔÅËÓÔ ÉÚ
×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÓÌÅ×Á~--- ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ.

\begin{example}
îÅ×ÁÖÎÏ, ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ÌÉ ×Ù
ÏÄÉÎ   ÉÌÉ    ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
ÐÒÏÂÅÌÏ× ÍÅÖÄÕ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ.

ðÕÓÔÁÑ ÓÔÒÏÞËÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ
ÎÏ×ÙÊ ÁÂÚÁÃ.
\end{example}

\subsection{óÐÅÃÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ}

óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ \index{ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ!ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ}
ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÌÉÂÏ ÉÍÅÀÔ × \LaTeX{}
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, ÌÉÂÏ ÉÍÅÀÔÓÑ ÎÅ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÁÈ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ××ÅÄÅÔÅ
ÉÈ × ÔÅËÓÔ ÎÁÐÒÑÍÕÀ, ÔÏ ÏÎÉ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁÀÔÓÑ, Á ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÑÔ
\LaTeX{} ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÞÔÏ--ÎÉÂÕÄØ, ×ÁÍÉ ×Ï×ÓÅ ÎÅ ÐÒÅÄÕÓÍÏÔÒÅÎÎÏÅ.

\begin{code}
%\verb.$ & % # _ { }  ~  ^  \ . %$
\verb.#  $  %  ^  &  _  {  }  ~  \ . %$
\end{code}

ëÁË ×Ù ÐÏÚÖÅ Õ×ÉÄÉÔÅ, ÜÔÉ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ×ÁÛÉÈ
ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÈ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ Ë ÎÉÍ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓ <<\verb|\|>>:

\begin{example}
\# \$ \% \^{} \& \_ \{ \} \~{}
\end{example}

ðÒÏÞÉÅ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÙ, ËÁË É ÍÎÏÇÉÅ, ÍÎÏÇÉÅ ÄÒÕÇÉÅ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÒÁÔØ
ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ × ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÁÈ ÉÌÉ ËÁË ÁËÃÅÎÔÙ. úÎÁË~<<\verb|\|>> \emph{ÎÅÌØÚÑ} ××ÏÄÉÔØ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÑ ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÉÍ ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ, ÔÁË
ËÁË ÜÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ (\verb|\\|) ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÒÙ×Á
ÓÔÒÏËÉ.\footnote{÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅÓØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
  \texttt{\$}\ci{backslash}\texttt{\$}. ïÎÁ ÄÁÅÔ `$\backslash$'.}

\subsection{ëÏÍÁÎÄÙ \LaTeX{}}

ëÏÍÁÎÄÙ\index{ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ} \LaTeX{} ÞÕ×ÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÙ Ë ÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÕ É ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÀÔ
ÏÄÎÕ ÉÚ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ Ä×ÕÈ ÆÏÒÍ:

\begin{itemize}
\item ïÎÉ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ Ó ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ \wi{backslash} <<\verb|\|>> É
  ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÁÀÔÓÑ ÉÍÅÎÅÍ, ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÍ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÉÚ ÂÕË×. éÍÅÎÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄ
  ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÏÍ, ÃÉÆÒÏÊ ÉÌÉ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ <<ÎÅ-ÂÕË×ÏÊ>>.
\item ïÎÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÔ ÉÚ <<\verb|\|>> É ÒÏ×ÎÏ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÎÅÂÕË×ÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÁ.
\end{itemize}

%
% \\* doesn't comply !
%

%
% Can \3 be a valid command ? (jacoboni)
%
\label{whitespace}


\LaTeX{} ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ
\index{ÐÒÏÂÅÌ!ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ}ÐÒÏÂÅÌ ÐÏÓÌÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔØ
ÉÌÉ <<\verb|{}|>> É ÐÒÏÂÅÌ, ÉÌÉ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÕÀ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÉÍÅÎÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ. <<\verb|{}|>> ÎÅ ÄÁÅÔ \LaTeX{} ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ
ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.

\begin{example}
ñ ÓÌÙÛÁÌ, ÞÔÏ ëÎÕÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÅÔ
ÌÀÄÅÊ, ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÈ Ó \TeX{}
ÎÁ \TeX{}ÎÉËÏ× É \TeX ÐÅÒÔÏ×.\\
óÅÇÏÄÎÑ~--- \today
\end{example}

îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÎÕÖÄÁÀÔÓÑ × \index{ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ}ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ
ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÚÁÄÁÎ ÍÅÖÄÕ \index{ÆÉÇÕÒÎÙÅ ÓËÏÂËÉ}ÆÉÇÕÒÎÙÍÉ
ÓËÏÂËÁÍÉ~<<\verb|{ }|>> ÐÏÓÌÅ ÉÍÅÎÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔ \wi{ÎÅÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ}, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅ
ÉÍÅÎÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × \index{Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÅ ÓËÏÂËÉ}Ë×ÁÄÒÁÔÎÙÈ
ÓËÏÂËÁÈ~<<\verb|[ ]|>>.  óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ \LaTeX. îÅ ÚÁÄÕÍÙ×ÁÊÔÅÓØ ÎÁÄ ÎÉÍÉ, ÏÎÉ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÚßÑÓÎÅÎÙ ÐÏÚÖÅ.

\begin{example}
÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ \textsl{ÐÏÌÏÖÉÔØÓÑ}
ÎÁ ÍÅÎÑ!
\end{example}

\begin{example}
ðÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ, ÎÁÞÎÉÔÅ ÎÏ×ÕÀ
ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ ÐÒÑÍÏ ÔÕÔ!\newline
óÐÁÓÉÂÏ!
\end{example}

\subsection{ëÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ}
\index{ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ}

ëÏÇÄÁ × ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ \LaTeX{} ×ÓÔÒÅÞÁÅÔ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ
\verb|%|, ÏÎ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ ÏÓÔÁÔÏË ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÔ ËÁÒÅÔËÉ É ×ÓÅ
ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ × ÎÁÞÁÌÅ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ.

üÔÉÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ × ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÎÉÊ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÐÅÞÁÔØ.

\begin{example}
üÔÏ Spercal%
         ifragilist%
     icexpialidocious
\end{example}

úÎÁËÏÍ \texttt{\%} ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÂÉÔØ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÒÏÞËÉ ×
ÔÅÈ ÍÅÓÔÁÈ, ÇÄÅ ÎÅ ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÂÅÌÙ ÉÌÉ ÐÅÒÅ×ÏÄÙ ÓÔÒÏË.

\sloppy{}äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÈ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ× ÍÏÖÎÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÅÍ
\ei{comment}, ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÍ ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ \pai{verbatim}. üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ,
ÞÔÏ, ÄÌÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ \ei{comment}, ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ Ë ÐÒÅÁÍÂÕÌÅ
×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ \verb|\usepackage{verbatim}|:

\begin{example}
üÔÏ~--- ÅÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ
\begin{comment}
ÄÏ×ÏÌØÎÏ ÇÌÕÐÙÊ,
ÎÏ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÊ
\end{comment}
ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÓÔÁ×ËÉ ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÅ×
× ×ÁÛ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ.
\end{example}

úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ×ÎÕÔÒÉ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÊ,
ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉËÉ.


\section{óÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ}

ëÏÇÄÁ \LaTeXe{} ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÏÎ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ ÏÔ ÎÅÇÏ
ÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÊ \index{ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÁ ÆÁÊÌÁ}ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÅ. ôÁË, ËÁÖÄÙÊ
×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÎÁÞÉÔÁÔØÓÑ Ó ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
\begin{code}
\verb|\documentclass{...}|
\end{code}
ïÎÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ËÁËÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ×Ù ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔÅÓØ ÐÉÓÁÔØ. ðÏÓÌÅ
ÜÔÏÇÏ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ, ×ÌÉÑÀÝÉÅ ÎÁ ÓÔÉÌØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ×
ÃÅÌÏÍ, ÉÌÉ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÔØ \index{ÐÁËÅÔ}ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÀÝÉÅ ÎÏ×ÙÅ
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ × ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ \LaTeX. äÌÑ ÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÔÁËÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
\begin{code}
\verb|\usepackage{...}|
\end{code}

ëÏÇÄÁ ×ÓÑ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ ÚÁËÏÎÞÅÎÁ,\index{ÐÒÅÁÍÂÕÌÁ}\footnote{ïÂÌÁÓÔØ ÍÅÖÄÕ
  \texttt{\bs documentclass} É \texttt{\bs
    begin$\mathtt{\{}$document$\mathtt{\}}$} ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
  \emph{ÐÒÅÁÍÂÕÌÏÊ}.} ×Ù ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÅ ÔÅÌÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ

\begin{code}
\verb|\begin{document}|
\end{code}

ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ××ÏÄÉÔÅ ÔÅËÓÔ Ó ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ \LaTeX. ÷ ËÏÎÃÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ×Ù
ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ
\begin{code}
\verb|\end{document}|
\end{code}
÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÎÅÅ, \LaTeX{} ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ.

òÉÓ.~\ref{mini} ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÄÌÑ \LaTeXe.
îÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÊ \wi{×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ} ÄÁÎ ÎÁ
ÒÉÓ.~\ref{document}.\trfootnote{÷ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÅÎ ÔÁËÖÅ
ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ ËÏÎÍÁÄ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÙÊ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÉ ÒÕÓÓËÏÇÏ
ÑÚÙËÁ. éÓÔÏÒÉÞÅÓËÉ ÓÌÏÖÉÌÉÓØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÒÕÓÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ \LaTeX,
ÚÄÅÓØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔ \pai{babel}, Ñ×ÌÑÀÝÉÊÓÑ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÍ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÏÍ
ÌÏËÁÌÉÚÁÃÉÉ \TeX{}. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ ÎÁ ÏÞÅÎØ ÓÔÁÒÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ,
×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍÉ
ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÁÍÉ.  ðÒÏËÏÎÓÕÌØÔÉÒÕÊÔÅÓØ Ó ×ÁÛÉÍ \guide{} ÉÌÉ Ó
ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏÍ.}

\begin{figure}[!bp]
\begin{lined}{6cm}
\begin{Verbatim}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[koi8-r]{inputenc}
\usepackage[russian]{babel}
\begin{document}
ëÒÁÔËÏÓÔØ~--- ÓÅÓÔÒÁ ÔÁÌÁÎÔÁ.
\end{document}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{lined}
\caption{íÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ \LaTeX{}} \label{mini}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!bp]
\begin{lined}{10cm}
\begin{Verbatim}
\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage[russian]{babel}
\begin{document}
% ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍ ÔÉÔÕÌ
\author{â.~ôÏÂÏÔÒÁÓ}
\title{íÉÎÉÍÁÌÉÚÍ}
\frenchspacing
\begin{document}
% ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍ ÔÉÔÕÌ
\maketitle
% ×ÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÍ ÏÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
\tableofcontents
\section{îÁÞÁÌÏ}
÷ÏÔ ÔÕÔ É ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔÓÑ ÍÏÑ ÚÁÍÅÞÁÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÓÔÁÔØÑ.
\section{ëÏÎÅÃ}
\ldots{} Á ÔÕÔ ÏÎÁ ËÏÎÞÁÅÔÓÑ.
\end{document}
\end{Verbatim}
\end{lined}
\caption{ðÒÉÍÅÒ ÒÅÁÌÉÓÔÉÞÎÏÊ ÖÕÒÎÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÔÁÔØÉ} \label{document}
\end{figure}

\section{ôÉÐÉÞÎÁÑ ÓÅÓÓÉÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ Ó \LaTeX{}}

íÏÖÎÏ ÒÕÞÁÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×ÁÍ ÕÖÅ ÎÅ ÔÅÒÐÉÔÓÑ ÐÏÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÊ ÐÒÉÍÅÒ
\LaTeX{}-ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÊ ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ~\pageref{mini}. äÁ×ÁÊÔÅ
ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÅÍ. óÁÍ ÐÏ ÓÅÂÅ, \LaTeX{} ÎÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ. ïÎ~--- ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÁÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ
ÆÁÊÌ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Ù \LaTeX{} ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÔ ÇÒÁÆÉÞÅÓËÕÀ ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÕ,
ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ×ÙÂÒÁÔØ ÍÙÛËÏÊ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÀ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. ÷ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ
×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ × ÔÅËÓÔÏÒÏ×Í ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.ðÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ
×ÁÛÅÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ \LaTeX{} ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ É ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ\footnote{üÔÏ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÔÁË ×
  ÌÀÂÏÊ ÓÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ Unix-ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ.}.

\begin{enumerate}
\item 

  ïÔÒÅÄÁËÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ ÉÌÉ ÓÏÚÄÁÊÔÅ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ \LaTeX{}. üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
  ÂÙÔØ ÐÌÏÓËÉÍ ASCII ÔÅËÓÔÏÍ. ÷ Unix ÌÀÂÏÊ ÒÅÄÁËÔÏÒ ÓÏÚÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÍ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ
  ÜÔÏ. ÷ Windows ×Ù ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÕÂÅÄÉÔØÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ×Ù ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ
  ASCII, ÉÌÉ \emph{Plain text}. ÷ÙÂÉÒÁÑ ÉÍÑ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÄÏÂÁ×ØÔÅ
  ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ \eei{.tex}.

\item 

  ïÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÊÔÅ ×ÁÛ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ \LaTeX{}. åÓÌÉ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÊÄÅÔ ÂÅÚ ÏÛÉÂÏË,
  ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ \texttt{.dvi}. þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÏÅ ÏÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅ
  É ÐÅÒÅËÒÅÓÔÎÙÅ ÓÓÙÌËÉ, ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔØÓÑ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ \LaTeX{}
  ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ. åÓÌÉ ×Ï ×ÈÏÄÎÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ ÅÓÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÁ, \LaTeX{} ÕËÁÖÅÔ
  ×ÁÍ ÎÁ ÎÅÅ É ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. þÔÏÂÙ ×ÅÒÎÕÔØÓÑ ×
  ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÕÀ ÓÔÒÏËÕ, ÎÁÖÍÉÔÅ \texttt{ctrl-D}.

\begin{lscommand}
\verb+latex foo.tex+
\end{lscommand}

\item 
  ôÅÐÅÒØ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÆÁÊÌ \texttt{.dvi}. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ
  ÐÏ-ÒÁÚÎÏÍÕ. íÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ ÅÇÏ ÎÁ ÜËÒÁÎÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
\begin{lscommand}
\verb+xdvi foo.dvi &+
\end{lscommand}
ïÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÓÒÅÄÅ Unix Ó X11. åÓÌÉ ×Ù  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ ÐÏÄ
  Windows, ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ \texttt{yap} (``yet another previewer'').

  ÷Ù ÔÁÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ DVI × \PSi{} ÄÌÑ ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÉÌÉ
  ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ Ghostscript:

\begin{lscommand}
\verb+dvips -Pcmz foo.dvi -o foo.ps+
\end{lscommand}

åÓÌÉ ×ÁÍ ÐÏ×ÅÚÅÔ, ÔÏ × ÓÏÓÔÁ×Å ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
\texttt{dvipdf}, ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÛÉ \texttt{.dvi}-ÆÁÊÌÙ
ÐÒÑÍÏ × PDF.
\begin{lscommand}
\verb+dvipdf foo.dvi+
\end{lscommand}


\end{enumerate}


\section{íÁËÅÔÙ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×}

\subsection{ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×}\label{sec:documentclass}

ðÅÒ×ÏÅ, ÞÔÏ \LaTeX{} ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÚÎÁÔØ ÐÒÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÅ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÜÔÏ
ÔÉÐ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ Á×ÔÏÒÏÍ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. ïÎ ÚÁÄÁÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
\ci{documentclass}.
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{documentclass}\verb|[|\emph{ÏÐÃÉÉ}\verb|]{|\emph{ËÌÁÓÓ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent úÄÅÓØ \emph{ËÌÁÓÓ} ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÔÉÐ ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ.
ôÁÂÌÉÃÁ~\ref{documentclasses} ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÑÅÔ ËÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×,
ÒÁÓÓÍÁÔÒÉ×ÁÅÍÙÅ × ÜÔÏÍ ××ÅÄÅÎÉÉ. ÷ ÓÏÓÔÁ× \LaTeXe{} ×ÈÏÄÑÔ
ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ËÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÑ ÐÉÓØÍÁ É ÓÌÁÊÄÙ.
ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ \emph{\wi{ÏÐÃÉÉ}} ÉÚÍÅÎÑÅÔ ÐÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÅ ËÌÁÓÓÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. ïÐÃÉÉ
ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÔØÓÑ ÚÁÐÑÔÙÍÉ. ÷ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ~\ref{options} ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÓÁÍÙÅ
ÕÐÏÔÒÅÂÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ËÌÁÓÓÏ× ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×.

\begin{table}[!bp]
\caption{ëÌÁÓÓÙ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×} \label{documentclasses}
\begin{lined}{12cm}
\begin{description}

\item [\normalfont\texttt{article}] ÄÌÑ ÓÔÁÔÅÊ × ÎÁÕÞÎÙÈ ÖÕÒÎÁÌÁÈ,
  ÐÒÅÚÅÎÔÁÃÉÊ, ËÏÒÏÔËÉÈ ÏÔÞÅÔÏ×, ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÊ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ, ÐÒÉÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÊ\ldots
  \index{ËÌÁÓÓ!article}
\item [\normalfont\texttt{report}] ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÄÌÉÎÎÙÈ ÏÔÞÅÔÏ×,
  ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÇÌÁ×, ÎÅÂÏÌØÛÉÈ ËÎÉÖÅË, ÄÉÓÓÅÒÔÁÃÉÊ\ldots
  \index{ËÌÁÓÓ!report}
\item [\normalfont\texttt{book}] ÄÌÑ ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÈ ËÎÉÇ \index{ËÌÁÓÓ!book}
\item [\normalfont\texttt{slides}] ÄÌÑ ÓÌÁÊÄÏ×. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÉÅ
  ÂÕË×Ù ÂÅÚ ÚÁÓÅÞÅË. ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
  Foil\TeX.\footnote{\CTANref|macros/latex/contrib/supported/foiltex|}
  \index{ËÌÁÓÓ!slides}\index{foiltex}
\end{description}
\end{lined}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!bp]
\caption{ïÐÃÉÉ ËÌÁÓÓÏ× ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÏ×} \label{options}
\begin{lined}{12cm}
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{description}
\item[\normalfont\texttt{10pt}, \texttt{11pt}, \texttt{12pt}] \quad
  õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. åÓÌÉ ÎÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ
  ÜÔÉÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÁ, ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ \texttt{10pt}.
  \index{ÛÒÉÆÔ!ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ÒÁÚÍÅÒ}\index{ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÇÏ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ}
\item[\normalfont\texttt{a4paper}, \texttt{letterpaper}\ldots] \quad
  ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÌÉÓÔÁ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
  \texttt{letterpaper}. ôÁË ÖÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ \texttt{a5paper},
  \texttt{b5paper}, \texttt{executivepaper} É \texttt{legalpaper}.
  \index{ÌÉÓÔ!legal}\index{ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÌÉÓÔÁ}\index{ÌÉÓÔ!A4}\index{ÌÉÓÔ!letter}
  \index{ÌÉÓÔ!A5}\index{ÌÉÓÔ!B5}\index{ÌÉÓÔ!executive}

\item[\normalfont\texttt{fleqn}] \quad ÷ÙËÌÀÞÎÙÅ ÆÏÒÍÕÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ
  ×ÙÒÏ×ÎÅÎÙ ×ÌÅ×Ï, Á ÎÅ ÏÔÃÅÎÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ.

\item[\normalfont\texttt{leqno}] \quad æÏÒÍÕÌÙ ÎÕÍÅÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÓÌÅ×Á, Á ÎÅ
  ÓÐÒÁ×Á.

\item[\normalfont\texttt{titlepage}, \texttt{notitlepage}] \quad
  õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ ÎÏ×ÁÑ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÁ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ
  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ\index{ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ} ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ËÌÁÓÓ
  \texttt{article} ÎÅ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ, Á \texttt{report} É
  \texttt{book}~--- ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔ. \index{ÌÉÓÔ!ÔÉÔÕÌØÎÙÊ}

\item[\normalfont\texttt{onecolumn}, \texttt{twocolumn}] \quad úÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ \LaTeX{}
  ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ × \wi{ÏÄÉÎ ÓÔÏÌÂÅÃ} ÉÌÉ × \wi{Ä×Á ÓÔÏÌÂÃÁ}.

\item[\normalfont\texttt{twoside, oneside}] \quad ÷ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ- ÉÌÉ
  Ä×ÕÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ËÌÁÓÓÙ \texttt{article} É
  \texttt{report} ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ \wi{ÏÄÎÏÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ}, ËÌÁÓÓ
  \texttt{book}~--- \wi{Ä×ÕÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ}. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÏÐÃÉÑ
  \texttt{twoside} \emph{ÎÅ} ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÛ ÐÒÉÎÔÅÒ  ÎÁ ÓÁÍÏÍ ÄÅÌÅ
  ÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ Ó Ä×ÕÈ ÓÔÏÒÏÎ.

\item[\normalfont\texttt{landscape}] \quad íÅÎÑÅÔ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÎÁ
  ÌÁÎÄÛÁÆÔÎÏÅ. 

\item[\normalfont\texttt{openright, openany}] \quad äÅÌÁÅÔ ÇÌÁ×Ù
  ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÝÉÍÉÓÑ ÉÌÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÁ ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ, ÉÌÉ ÎÁ ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ
  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÊ. üÔÏ ÎÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ËÌÁÓÓÏÍ \texttt{article}, ÔÁË ËÁË ÏÎ
  ÎÉÞÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÚÎÁÅÔ Ï ÇÌÁ×ÁÈ. ëÌÁÓÓ \texttt{report} ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
  ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ÇÌÁ×Ù ÎÁ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ, Á ËÌÁÓÓ \texttt{book}~--- ÎÁ
  ÐÒÁ×ÏÊ.
\end{description}
\end{flushleft}
\end{lined}
\end{table}

ðÒÉÍÅÒ: ÷ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÌÑ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ \LaTeX{} ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÔØÓÑ ÓÔÒÏËÏÊ
\begin{code}
\ci{documentclass}\verb|[11pt,twoside,a4paper]{article}|
\end{code}
ÏÎÁ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ \LaTeX{} ÎÁÂÉÒÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ËÁË \emph{ÓÔÁÔØÀ}, Ó ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÍ
ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ \emph{ÏÄÉÎÎÁÄÃÁÔØ ÐÕÎËÔÏ×} É ÆÏÒÍÁÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ
ÄÌÑ \emph{Ä×ÕÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÅÊ} ÐÅÞÁÔÉ ÎÁ ÂÕÍÁÇÅ \emph{ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁ A4}.

\subsection{ðÁËÅÔÙ}
\index{ÐÁËÅÔ} ÷ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ×Ù, ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏ,
ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ × ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÂÌÁÓÔÑÈ ÂÁÚÏ×ÙÊ \LaTeX{} ÎÅ ÓÍÏÖÅÔ ÒÅÛÉÔØ
×ÁÛÉ ÐÒÏÂÌÅÍÙ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ × ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ
ÇÒÁÆÉËÕ\index{ÇÒÁÆÉËÁ}, \wi{Ã×ÅÔÎÏÊ ÔÅËÓÔ} ÉÌÉ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ
ÉÚ ×ÎÅÛÎÅÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ, ×ÁÍ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÉÔØ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ \LaTeX{}.
ôÁËÉÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ. ðÁËÅÔÙ ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{usepackage}\verb|[|\emph{ÏÐÃÉÉ}\verb|]{|\emph{ÐÁËÅÔ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent çÄÅ \emph{ÐÁËÅÔ}~--- ÜÔÏ ÉÍÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁ, Á \emph{ÏÐÃÉÉ}~---
ÓÐÉÓÏË ËÌÀÞÅ×ÙÈ ÓÌÏ×, ×ËÌÀÞÁÀÝÉÈ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÅ Ó×ÏÊÓÔ×Á ÐÁËÅÔÁ.
îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ × ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÕÀ ÐÏÓÔÁ×ËÕ \LaTeXe{} (ÓÍ.
ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ~\ref{packages}). äÒÕÇÉÅ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ.
äÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÁÑ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ Ï ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÙÈ Õ ×ÁÓ ÐÁËÅÔÁÈ ÍÏÖÅÔ
ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØÓÑ × \guide{}. ïÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ Ï ÐÁËÅÔÁÈ
\LaTeX{}~--- ÜÔÏ \companion{}. ïÎÁ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÓÏÔÅÎ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÅÊ Ï ÔÏÍ, ËÁË ÐÉÓÁÔØ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ
\LaTeXe{}.


\begin{table}[btp]
\caption{îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÙÈ Ó \LaTeX{} ÐÁËÅÔÏ×} \label{packages}
\begin{lined}{11cm}
\begin{description}
\item[\normalfont\pai{doc}] ðÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÎÁ \LaTeX{}.\\
  ïÐÉÓÁÎ × \texttt{doc.dtx}\footnote{üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ
    ÎÁ ×ÁÛÅÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÅ, É ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ \texttt{dvi} ÆÁÊÌ,
    ÎÁÐÅÞÁÔÁ× \texttt{latex doc.dtx} × ÌÀÂÏÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ, ÇÄÅ ×Ù ÉÍÅÅÔÅ
    ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÚÁÐÉÓØ. ôÏ ÖÅ ÓÁÍÏÅ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ ËÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÐÒÏÞÉÍ ÆÁÊÌÁÍ,
    ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÙÍ × ÜÔÏÊ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ.} É × \companion.

\item[\normalfont\pai{exscale}] ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÍÁÓÛÔÁÂÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ
  ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÈ ÍÁÔÅÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÛÒÉÆÔÏ×.\\
  ïÐÉÓÁÎ × \texttt{ltexscale.dtx}.

\item[\normalfont\pai{fontenc}] õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ, ËÁËÕÀ ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÕ
  ÛÒÉÆÔÁ\index{ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÁ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ}
  ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ   \LaTeX{}.\\
  ïÐÉÓÁÎ × \texttt{ltoutenc.dtx}.

\item[\normalfont\pai{ifthen}] ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ×ÉÄÁ `ÅÓÌÉ
  \ldots, ÔÏ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ \ldots, ÉÎÁÞÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØ \ldots'.\\ ïÐÉÓÁÎ ×
  \texttt{ifthen.dtx} É × \companion.

\item[\normalfont\pai{latexsym}] þÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÛÒÉÆÔ ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÙÈ
  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌÏ× \LaTeX{}, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔ \texttt{latexsym}.
  ïÐÉÓÁÎ × \texttt{latexsym.dtx} É × \companion.

\item[\normalfont\pai{makeidx}] ðÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÄÌÑ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ
  ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÅÊ. ïÐÉÓÁÎ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:indexing} É × \companion.

\item[\normalfont\pai{syntonly}] ïÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ, ÎÅ ÐÅÞÁÔÁÑ
  ÅÇÏ.

\item[\normalfont\pai{inputenc}] ðÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ×ÈÏÄÎÕÀ ËÏÄÉÒÏ×ËÕ,
  ÔÁËÕÀ ËÁË ASCII, ISO Latin-1, ISO Latin-2, 437/850 IBM
  code pages,  Apple Macintosh, Next, ANSI-Windows ÉÌÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÍÕÀ
  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÍ. ïÐÉÓÁÎ × \texttt{inputenc.dtx}.
\end{description}
\end{lined}
\end{table}

\clearpage

\subsection{óÔÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ}

\LaTeX{} ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÒÉ ÐÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ ×ÅÒÈÎÅÇÏ
ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌÁ É ÎÉÖÎÅÇÏ
ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌÁ\index{ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌ!×ÅÒÈÎÉÊ}\index{ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌ!ÎÉÖÎÉÊ}~--- ÔÁË
ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÅ \wi{ÓÔÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ}. ðÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ \emph{ÓÔÉÌØ} ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ
\index{ÓÔÉÌØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ!plain@\texttt{plain}}\index{plain@\texttt{plain}}%
\index{ÓÔÉÌØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ!headings@\texttt{headings}}\index{headings@\texttt{headings}}%
\index{ÓÔÉÌØ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ!empty@\texttt{empty}}\index{empty@\texttt{empty}}%
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{pagestyle}\verb|{|\emph{ÓÔÉÌØ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ, ËÁËÏÊ ÉÚ ÎÉÈ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ.
ðÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ × ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ~\ref{pagestyle}.

\begin{table}[!hbp]
\caption{ðÒÅÄÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÉÌÉ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ \LaTeX} \label{pagestyle}
\begin{lined}{12cm}
\begin{description}

\item[\normalfont\texttt{plain}] ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉà ×ÎÉÚÕ
  ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ × ÓÅÒÅÄÉÎÅ ÎÉÖÎÅÇÏ ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌÁ. üÔÏÔ ÓÔÉÌØ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ ÐÏ
  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.

\item[\normalfont\texttt{headings}] ÐÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÇÌÁ×Ù É
  ÎÏÍÅÒ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ × ×ÅÒÈÎÅÍ ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌÅ ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ, Á ÎÉÖÎÉÊ
  ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌ ÏÓÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÕÓÔÙÍ. (üÔÏÔ ÓÔÉÌØ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎ × ÄÁÎÎÏÍ
  ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÅ.)

\item[\normalfont\texttt{empty}] ÄÅÌÁÅÔ É ×ÅÒÈÎÉÅ, É ÎÉÖÎÉÅ ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌÙ
  ÐÕÓÔÙÍÉ.

\end{description}
\end{lined}
\end{table}

÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÍÅÎÉÔØ ÓÔÉÌØ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÙ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ
\begin{lscommand}
\ci{thispagestyle}\verb|{|\emph{ÓÔÉÌØ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
ïÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ËÁË ÓÏÚÄÁ×ÁÔØ ×ÁÛÉ ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÅ ÓÔÉÌÉ ËÏÌÏÎÔÉÔÕÌÏ×,
ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ × \companion{}, Á ÔÁËÖÅ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:fancy} ÎÁ
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ~\pageref{sec:fancy}.
%
% Pointer to the Fancy headings Package description !
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\section{÷ÓÔÒÅÞÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÔÉÐÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×}

òÁÂÏÔÁÑ Ó \LaTeX{}, ×Ù ×ÓËÏÒÅ ÎÁÞÎÅÔÅ ÐÕÔÁÔØÓÑ × ËÕÞÅ ÆÁÊÌÏ× Ó
ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÑÍÉ\index{ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ}. îÉÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÅ
\wi{ÔÉÐÙ ÆÁÊÌÏ×}, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó \TeX{}. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÊ, ÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ ÎÅ ÕÐÏÍÑÎÕÔÏÅ
ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÉÅ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ ÓÞÉÔÁÅÔÅ ×ÁÖÎÙÍ,~--- Õ×ÅÄÏÍÉÔÅ, ÐÏÖÁÌÕÊÓÔÁ,
Á×ÔÏÒÁ. 

%% \begin{description}
%% \item[\eei{.tex}]  ÷ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ \LaTeX{} ÉÌÉ \TeX{}. ëÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
%%   ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \texttt{latex}.
%% \item[\eei{.sty}] íÁËÒÏÐÁËÅÔ \LaTeX{}. üÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ ÚÁÇÒÕÖÁÅÔÓÑ ×
%%   ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \ci{usepackage}.
%% \item[\eei{.dtx}] äÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ \TeX{}. üÔÏ~--- ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÆÏÒÍÁÔ
%%   ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÑ ÓÔÉÌÅ×ÙÊ ÆÁÊÌÏ× \LaTeX{}. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌ
%%   \texttt{.dtx}, ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÁËÒÏËÏÄ ÐÁËÅÔÁ,
%%   ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÅÇÏÓÑ × ÜÔÏÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ.
%% \item[\eei{.ins}] éÎÓÔÁÌÌÑÔÏÒ ÄÌÑ ÆÁÊÌÏ×, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÈÓÑ ×
%%   ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÍ ÆÁÊÌÅ \texttt{.dtx}. ðÏÓÌÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÉÚ
%%   éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ, ×Ù ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ \texttt{.dtx} É
%%   \texttt{.ins}. úÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ \LaTeX{} Ó ÆÁÊÌÏÍ \texttt{.ins}, ÞÔÏÂÙ
%%   ÒÁÓÐÁËÏ×ÁÔØ ÆÁÊÌ \texttt{.dtx}.
%% \item{\eei{.fd}] æÁÊÌ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ ÛÒÉÆÔÁ, ÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÝÉÊ ÛÒÉÆÔ ÄÌÑ \LaTeX{}.
%% \item[\eei{.cls}] æÁÊÌ ËÌÁÓÓÁ, ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÝÉÊ ×ÉÄ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
%%   ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ. ÷ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔÓÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÏÊ \ci{documentclass}.
%% \end{description}

óÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ, ËÏÇÄÁ \LaTeX{} ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ
ÆÁÊÌ:

\begin{description}
\item[\eei{.dvi}] Device Independent file (ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÑÝÉÊ ÏÔ
  ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Á). üÔÏ~--- ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÊ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ \LaTeX{}. óÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ
  ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ Õ×ÉÄÅÔØ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÍÏÝÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ DVI, ÉÌÉ
  ÒÁÓÐÅÞÁÔÁÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \texttt{dvips} ÉÌÉ ÁÎÁÌÏÇÉÞÎÏÊ.
\item[\eei{.log}] óÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÄÅÔÁÌØÎÙÊ ÏÔÞÅÔ Ï ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÌÏ ×
  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÊ ÐÒÏÇÏÎ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ.
\item[\eei{.toc}] èÒÁÎÉÔ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÉ ×ÓÅÈ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÏ×. þÉÔÁÅÔÓÑ × ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ
  ÐÒÏÈÏÄ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ É ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ ÏÇÌÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ.
\item[\eei{.lof}] áÎÁÌÏÇ \texttt{.toc} ÄÌÑ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÉÌÌÀÓÔÒÁÃÉÊ.
\item[\eei{.lot}] ôÏ ÖÅ, ÄÌÑ ÓÐÉÓËÁ ÔÁÂÌÉÃ.
\item[\eei{.aux}] åÝÅ ÏÄÉÎ ÆÁÊÌ, ÐÅÒÅÄÁÀÝÉÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÁÍÉ
  ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ. ëÒÏÍÅ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÏÞÅÇÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ
  ÐÅÒÅËÒÅÓÔÎÙÈ ÓÓÙÌÏË.
\item[\eei{.idx}] åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ ÐÒÅÄÍÅÔÎÙÊ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌØ,
  \LaTeX{} ÐÏÍÅÝÁÅÔ ×ÓÅ ÓÌÏ×Á ÄÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÔÅÌÑ × ÜÔÏÔ ÆÁÊÌ. ïÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÊÔÅ
  ÅÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ \texttt{makeindex}. ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ×
  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ~\ref{sec:indexing} ÎÁ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ~\pageref{sec:indexing}.
\item[\eei{.ind}] ïÂÒÁÂÏÔÁÎÎÙÊ ÆÁÊÌ \texttt{.idx}, ÇÏÔÏ×ÙÊ ËÏ
  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÀ × ×ÁÛ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔ ÐÒÉ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÅ ËÏÍÐÉÌÑÃÉÉ.
\item[\eei{.ilg}] öÕÒÎÁÌ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ \texttt{makeindex}.
\end{description}


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\section{âÏÌØÛÉÅ ÐÒÏÅËÔÙ}
ðÒÉ ÒÁÂÏÔÅ Ó ÂÏÌØÛÉÍÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ ×ÁÍ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔØ
×ÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÞÁÓÔÅÊ. \LaTeX{} ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÔ Ä×Å ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ,
ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÀÔ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{include}\verb|{|\emph{ÆÁÊÌ}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent üÔÕ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÔÅÌÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ × ÎÅÇÏ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ \LaTeX{}
ÎÁÞÎÅÔ ÎÏ×ÕÀ ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÕ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ, ÞÅÍ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ÍÁÔÅÒÉÁÌ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊÓÑ
× \emph{ÆÁÊÌÅ}.

÷ÔÏÒÁÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÐÒÅÁÍÂÕÌÅ. ïÎÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ
 \LaTeX{} ÞÉÔÁÔØ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÚ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÈ (\verb|\include|)
 ÆÁÊÌÏ×.

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{includeonly}\verb|{|\emph{filename}\verb|,|\emph{filename}%
\verb|,|\ldots\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
ðÏÓÌÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ × ÐÒÅÁÍÂÕÌÅ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÜÔÏÊ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÔØÓÑ
ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ \ci{include}, ÞØÉ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÆÁÊÌÏ× ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×
ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ \ci{includeonly}.

ëÏÍÁÎÄÁ \ci{include} ÎÁÞÉÎÁÅÔ ×ÅÒÓÔËÕ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÔÅËÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÎÏ×ÏÊ
ÓÔÒÁÎÉÃÅ. üÔÏ ÕÄÏÂÎÏ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ \ci{includeonly}, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ÞÔÏ
ÇÒÁÎÉÃÙ ÓÔÒÁÎÉà ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ Ä×ÉÇÁÔØÓÑ, ÄÁÖÅ ËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÍÙÅ
ÆÁÊÌÙ ÐÒÏÐÕÓËÁÀÔÓÑ. éÎÏÇÄÁ ÜÔÏ ÎÅÕÄÏÂÎÏ, É × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÏÍÁÎÄÕ

\begin{lscommand}
\ci{input}\verb|{|\emph{filename}\verb|}|
\end{lscommand}
\noindent ïÎÁ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÉÍÏÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ.

äÌÑ ÂÙÓÔÒÏÊ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÐÁËÅÔ \pai{syntonly}. ïÎ
ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ \LaTeX{} ÐÒÏÂÅÖÁÔØ ÐÏ ÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÕ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÑ ÓÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ É
ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄ, ÎÏ ÎÅ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÑ ×ÙÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ DVI. \LaTeX{} ×
ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÜËÏÎÏÍÑ ×ÁÛÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ. óÉÎÔÁËÓÉÓ ÏÞÅÎØ
ÐÒÏÓÔ: 

\begin{verbatim}
\usepackage{syntonly}
\syntaxonly
\end{verbatim}

ëÏÇÄÁ ×Ù ÚÁÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ×ÙÈÏÄÎÏÊ ÆÁÊÌ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ÚÁËÏÍÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÊÔÅ
×ÔÏÒÕÀ ÓÔÒÏÞËÕ, ÄÏÂÁ×É× ÚÎÁË ÐÒÏÃÅÎÔÁ.

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