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<html>
<head><title>Help On LaTeX Math Formulas</title></head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#000099" vlink="#cc0000" alink="#cc0000">
<h1><font size="-2">Hypertext Help with LaTeX</font><br><font color="#cc0000">Math Formulas</font></h1>
<p>
 There  are four environments  that  put LaTeX  in math  mode:  
<ul><li><a href="#math">math</a> (see below)
    <li><a href="ltx-421.html">displaymath</a>
    <li><a href="ltx-223.html">eqnarray</a>
    <li><a href="ltx-224.html">equation</a>
</ul>
 All four of these environments are typeset in math  
 <a href="ltx-130.html">mode</a>, using a math italic font and  LaTeX
 ideas about spacing in math mode.  (See also <a href="mathfonts.html">math
 fonts and styles</a>.)
<p>
 The math environment is for formulas that
 appear right in the text.  The displaymath, eqnarray, and equation
 environments are for formulas that apppear on their own line(s). 
 The math environment  can be used in both paragraph  and LR mode,  but
 displaymath, eqnarray,  and  equation  environments  can  be  used  only  
 in paragraph  mode.

<h2><a name="math">Math environment</a></h2>
 The math environment may be specified, as with all environments, by
<pre>
  <tt>\begin{math}  math equation \end{math}</tt>
</pre>
 However, it is used so often that it has two equivalent shorter forms:
<pre>
  <tt>\( math equation \)</tt> 
</pre>
or just
<pre>
  <tt>$ math equation $</tt>
</pre>
In <a href="versions.html">LaTeX2e</a> one can also use
<pre>
  <tt><a href="ensuremath.html">\ensuremath</a>{math equation}</tt>
</pre>
<p>
For example, 
<a href="ltx-179.html">Subscripts</a> and 
<a href="ltx-180.html">superscripts</a> can only be used in math
mode. To include these in running text one could use:
<pre>
  <tt>The formula for water is H$_2$O.
  If the hypotenuse is $c$, then $c^2=a^2+b^2$.</tt>
</pre>
Note that it is standard to use math mode for letters, such as the
the <tt>$c$</tt> above, which are math variables.
<hr>
<h2>Related topics</H2>
<ul>
<li><a href="ltx-421.html">Displaymath environment</a>
<li><a href="ltx-223.html">Eqnarray environment</a>
<li><a href="ltx-224.html">Equation environment</a>
<p>
<li><a href="ltx-130.html">LaTeX Modes</a>
<p>
<li><a href="mathfonts.html">Math fonts and styles</a>
<li><A href="ltx-179.html">Subscripts</A> and 
    <a href="ltx-180.html">Superscripts</a>
<li><A href="ltx-117.html">Math Symbols</A>
<li><A href="ltx-118.html">Spacing in Math Mode</A>
<li><A href="ltx-119.html">Math Miscellany</A>
<li><a href="ellipses.html">Ellipses</a>
<p>
<li><a href="boldmath.html"><tt>\boldmath</tt></a> for a bold math font
<li><a href="ltx-235.html"><tt>\frac</tt></a> for generating built-up fractions
<li><a href="stackrel.html"><tt>\stackrel</tt></a> for putting things above 
   each other
<li><a href="ltx-319.html"><tt>\sqrt</tt></a> for square (and nth) roots
</ul>
<p>
Back to the <a href="ltx-2.html">Table of Contents</a>
<hr>
<address>
Revised: Sheldon Green, 31 May 1995.
</address>
</body>
</html>