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<head>
<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label newlang</title>
</head><body>
<h3>Using a new language with Babel</h3>
<p/><i>Babel</i> is capable of working with a large range of
languages, and a new user often wants to use a language that her
TeX installation is not set up to employ. Simply asking Babel to
use the language, with the command
<pre>
\usepackage[catalan]{babel}
</pre>
provokes the warning message
<pre>
Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were loaded for
(babel) the language `Catalan'
(babel) I will use the patterns loaded for \language=0 instead.
</pre>
<p/>The problem is that your TeX system doesn’t know how to hyphenate
Catalan text: you need to tell it how before Babel can do its work
properly. To do this, for LaTeX installations, one needs to change
<i>language.dat</i> (which is part of the Babel installation); it will
contain a line
<pre>
%catalan cahyphen.tex
</pre>
which, if you remove the comment marker, is supposed to instruct
LaTeX to load Catalan hyphenation patterns when you tell it to build
a new format.
<p/>Unfortunately, in many Babel distributions, the line just isn’t
right — you need to check the name of the file containing the
patterns you’re going to use. As you can see, in the author’s system,
the name is supposed to be <i>cahyphen.tex</i>; however the file
actually present on the system is <i>cahyph.tex</i> — fortunately,
the error should prove little more than an inconvenience (most of the
files are in better distributions anyway, but an elusive one
may be found on CTAN; if you have to retrieve
a new file, ensure that it’s correctly installed, for which see
<a href="FAQ-inst-wlcf.html">installing a new package</a>).
<p/>Finally, you need to regenerate the formats used (in fact, most users
of Babel are using it in their LaTeX documents, so regenerating the
LaTeX-related formats will ordinarily be enough; however, the
author always generates the lot, regardless).
<dl>
<dt>teTeX<dd>It’s possible to do the whole operation in one go, by
using the <i>texconfig</i> command:
<pre>
texconfig hyphen latex
</pre>
which first enters an editor for you to edit <i>language.dat</i>,
and then regenerates the format you specify (<i>latex</i> in
this case).
<p/> Otherwise, to regenerate all formats, do: <br>
<code>fmtutil --all</code>
<p/> If you’re willing to think through what you’re doing (this is
<em>not</em> for the faint-hearted), you can select a sequence of
formats and for each one, run: <br>
<code>fmtutil --byfmt <<i>formatname</i>></code><br>
where <em><code>formatname</em></code> is something like ‘<code>latex</code>’,
or: <br>
<code>fmtutil --byhyphen <<i>hyphenfile</i>></code><br>
where <em><code>hyphenfile</em></code> is the file specifying hyphenation
to the format — usually <code>language.dat</code>
<dt>MiKTeX<dd> On a <i>MiKTeX</i> distribution earlier than v2.0, do: <br>
<code>Start</code>->
<code>Programs</code>->
<code>MiKTeX</code>->
<code>Maintenance</code>->
<code>Create all format files</code>
<p/> or get a DOS window and run:<br>
<code>initexmf --dump</code>
<p/> On a <i>MiKTeX</i> distribution v2.0 or later, the whole
procedure can be done via the GUI. To select the new
language, do:<br>
<code>Start</code>->
<code>Programs</code>->
<code>MiKTeX 2</code>->
<code>MiKTeX Options</code>, and select the <code>Languages</code> tab.
Select your language from the list, press the <code>Apply</code> button,
and then the <code>OK</code> button. Then select the <code>General</code>
tab and press the <code>Update Now</code> button.
<p/> Otherwise, edit the <i>language.dat</i> file (as outlined above),
and then run:<br>
<code>initexmf --dump</code><br>
just as for a pre-v2.0 system.
</dl>
<p/><b><em>Caveat</em>:</b> It is (just) possible that
your TeX system may run out of “pattern memory” while generating
the new format. Most TeX implementations have fixed-size arrays
for storing the details of hyphenation patterns, but although their
size is adjustable in most modern distributions, actually changing the
size is a fiddle. If you <em>do</em> find you’ve run out of memory,
it may be worth scanning the list of languages in your
<i>language.dat</i> to see whether any could reasonably be removed.
<dl>
<dt><tt><i>babel</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/babel.zip">macros/latex/required/babel</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/babel.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/babel/">browse</a>)
<dt><tt><i>hyphenation patterns</i></tt><dd><a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/language/hyphenation.zip">language/hyphenation</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/language/hyphenation.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/language/hyphenation/">browse</a>)
</dl>
<p/><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=newlang">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=newlang</a>
</body>
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