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<head>
<title>UK TeX FAQ -- question label casechange</title>
</head><body>
<h3>Case-changing oddities</h3>
<p>TeX provides two primitive commands <code>\</code><code>uppercase</code> and
<code>\</code><code>lowercase</code> to change the case of text; they're not much used, but
are capable creating confusion.
<p>The two commands do not expand the text that is their parameter -
the result of <code>\</code><code>uppercase{abc}</code> is '<code>ABC</code>', but
<code>\</code><code>uppercase{<code>\</code><code>abc</code>}</code> is always '<code>\</code><code>abc</code>', whatever the
meaning of <code>\</code><code>abc</code>. The commands are simply interpreting a table of
equivalences between upper- and lowercase characters.
They have (for example) no mathematical sense, and
<blockquote>
<pre>
\uppercase{About $y=f(x)$}
</pre>
</blockquote>
will produce
<blockquote>
<pre>
ABOUT $Y=F(X)$
</pre>
</blockquote>
which is probably not what is wanted.
<p>In addition, <code>\</code><code>uppercase</code> and <code>\</code><code>lowercase</code> do not deal very well
with non-American characters, for example
<code>\</code><code>uppercase{<code>\</code><code>ae</code>}</code> is the same as <code>\</code><code>ae</code>.
<p>LaTeX provides commands <code>\</code><code>MakeUppercase</code> and <code>\</code><code>MakeLowercase</code>
which fixes the latter problem. These commands are used in the
standard classes to produce upper case running heads for chapters
and sections.
<p>Unfortunately <code>\</code><code>MakeUppercase</code> and <code>\</code><code>MakeLowercase</code> do not solve
the other problems with <code>\</code><code>uppercase</code>, so for example a section
title containing <code>\</code><code>begin{tabular}</code> ...
<code>\</code><code>end{tabular}</code> will produce a running head containing
<code>\</code><code>begin{TABULAR}</code>. The simplest solution to this problem is
using a user-defined command, for example:
<blockquote>
<pre>
\newcommand{\mytable}{\begin{tabular}...
\end{tabular}}
\section{A section title \protect\mytable{}
with a table}
</pre>
</blockquote>
Note that <code>\</code><code>mytable</code> has to be protected, otherwise it will be
expanded and made upper case; you can achieve the same result by
declaring it with <code>\</code><code>DeclareRobustCommand</code>, in which case the
<code>\</code><code>protect</code> won't be necessary.
<p>David Carlisle's <i>textcase</i> package
addresses many of these problems in a transparent way. It defines
commands <code>\</code><code>MakeTextUppercase</code> and <code>\</code><code>MakeTextLowercase</code> which do
upper- or lowercase, with the fancier features of the LaTeX
standard <code>\</code><code>Make*</code>-commands but without the problems
mentioned above. Load the package with
<code>\</code><code>usepackage[overload]{textcase}</code>, and it will redefine the LaTeX
commands (<em>not</em> the TeX primitive commands <code>\</code><code>uppercase</code> and
<code>\</code><code>lowercase</code>), so that section headings and the like don't produce
broken page headings.
<dl>
<dt><tt><i>textcase.sty</i></tt><dd>Distributed as part of <a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/carlisle.zip">macros/latex/contrib/carlisle</a> (<a href="ftp://cam.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/carlisle.tar.gz">gzipped tar</a>, <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/carlisle/">browse</a>)
</dl>
<p><p>This question on the Web: <a href="http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=casechange">http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=casechange</a>
</body>
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