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%% file: TXSsymb.tex - Special Symbols - TeXsis version 2.18
%% @(#) $Id: TXSsymb.tex,v 18.0 1999/07/09 17:24:29 myers Exp $
%======================================================================*
% EXTENDED MATH SYMBOLS FOR PHYSICS
%
% This file defines extensions to the symbols in Plain TeX which
% are generally useful for physics papers, especially (but not only) for
% high energy physics. See the comments for each definition.
%-----------------------------------------------------------------------*
\message{Extended math/physics symbols,}
% Assorted special symbols:
% Use \E{exponent} for scientific notation, in text or math mode
\def\E#1{\hbox{$\times 10^{#1}$}}
% ---------- Gradient, partial, laplacian, etc...
\def\square{\hbox{{$\sqcup$}\llap{$\sqcap$}}} % box laplacian
\def\grad{\nabla} % synonym for the gradient
\def\del{\partial} % synonym for \partial
% ---------- Fractions.
\def\frac#1#2{{#1\over#2}}
\def\smallfrac#1#2{{\scriptstyle {#1 \over #2}}}
\def\half{\ifinner {\scriptstyle {1 \over 2}}%
\else {\textstyle {1 \over 2}}\fi}
% ---------- Bras, kets and vev's
\def\bra#1{\langle#1\vert} % \bra{stuff} gives <stuff|
\def\ket#1{\vert#1\/\rangle} % \ket{stuff} gives |stuff>
\def\vev#1{\langle{#1}\rangle} % \vev{stuff} gives <stuff>
% \simge and \simle make the "greater than about" and the "less
% than about" symbols with spacing as relations. \therefore is the
% three-dots-in-a-triangle symble for ``therefore''
\def\simge{% ``greater than about'' symbol
\mathrel{\rlap{\raise 0.511ex
\hbox{$>$}}{\lower 0.511ex \hbox{$\sim$}}}}
\def\simle{% ``less than about'' symbol
\mathrel{\rlap{\raise 0.511ex
\hbox{$<$}}{\lower 0.511ex \hbox{$\sim$}}}}
\def\gtsim{\simge} % synonym for \simge
\def\ltsim{\simle} % synonym for \simle
\def\therefore{% three-dot symbol for ``therefore''
\setbox0=\hbox{$.\kern.2em.$}\dimen0=\wd0 %
\mathrel{\rlap{\raise.25ex\hbox to\dimen0{\hfil$\cdotp$\hfil}}%
\copy0}}
% \| gives a vertical bar appropriate to the context
\def\|{\ifmmode\Vert\else \char`\|\fi}
% the pound Sterling symbol, from the \it italic font
\def\sterling{{\hbox{\it\char'44}}}
% \degrees works in math or text mode. Eg. 90\degrees or 45\degree
\def\degrees{\hbox{$^\circ$}} % the degrees symbol, $^\circ$
\def\degree{\degrees} % synonym
% ---------- Functions -- all defined like \sin, etc. in Plain TeX:
\def\real{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} % Re for real part
\def\imag{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} % Im for imaginary part
\def\tr{\mathop{\rm tr}\nolimits} % tr for trace
\def\Tr{\mathop{\rm Tr}\nolimits} % Tr for functional trace
\def\Det{\mathop{\rm Det}\nolimits} % Det for functional determinant
\def\mod{\mathop{\rm mod}\nolimits} % mod for modulo
\def\wrt{\mathop{\rm wrt}\nolimits} % wrt for with respect to
\def\diag{\mathop{\rm diag}\nolimits} % diag for diagonal matrix
% ---------- Abbreviations for units
\def\TeV{{\rm TeV}} % 10^12 electron volts
\def\GeV{{\rm GeV}} % 10^9 electron volts
\def\MeV{{\rm MeV}} % 10^6 electron volts
\def\keV{{\rm keV}} % 10^3 electron volts
\def\eV{{\rm eV}} % 1 electron volt
\def\Ry{{\rm Ry}} % Rydbergs
\def\mb{{\rm mb}} % 10^-27 cm^2
\def\mub{\hbox{\rm $\mu$b}} % 10^-30 cm^2
\def\nb{{\rm nb}} % 10^-33 cm^2
\def\pb{{\rm pb}} % 10^-36 cm^2
\def\fb{{\rm fb}} % 10^-39 cm^2
\def\cmsec{{\rm cm^{-2}s^{-1}}} % cm^-2s^-1 for luminosity
% Build your own unit with \units. Eg. \units{klik}
\def\units#1{\hbox{\rm #1}}
\let\unit=\units % synonym
% Use \dimensions{what}{power} to create the square bracket/power
% notation for dimensional analysis. Eg. \dimensions{mass}{2}
\def\dimensions#1#2{\hbox{$[\hbox{\rm #1}]^{#2}$}}
%========================================*
% \parenbar puts a bar in small parentheses over a character to
% indicate an optional antiparticle. \nunubar and \ppbar are special
% cases.
\def\parenbar#1{{\null\! % left-hand spacing
\mathop{\smash#1}\limits% % superscript above
^{\hbox{\fiverm(--)}}% % 5pt type
\!\null}} % right-hand spacing
\def\nunubar{\parenbar{\nu}}
\def\ppbar{\parenbar{p}}
%========================================*
% \buildchar makes a compound symbol, placing #2 above #1 and #3
% below it with \limits. \overcirc is a special case.
\def\buildchar#1#2#3{{\null\! % \null, cancel space
\mathop{\vphantom{#1}\smash#1}\limits% % #1 with spacing and
^{#2}_{#3}% % #2 above, #3 below
\!\null}} % cancel space, \null
\def\overcirc#1{\buildchar{#1}{\circ}{}}
% Sun and earth symbols
\def\sun{{\hbox{$\odot$}}}\def\earth{{\hbox{$\oplus$}}}
%========================================*
% \slashchar puts a slash through a character to represent contraction
% with Dirac matrices.
\def\slashchar#1{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$} % set a box for #1
\dimen0=\wd0 % and get its size
\setbox1=\hbox{/} \dimen1=\wd1 % get size of /
\ifdim\dimen0>\dimen1 % #1 is bigger
\rlap{\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil/\hfil}} % so center / in box
#1 % and print #1
\else % / is bigger
\rlap{\hbox to \dimen1{\hfil$#1$\hfil}} % so center #1
/ % and print /
\fi} %
%========================================*
% \subrightarrow#1 puts the text #1 under an arrow of the
% appropriate length.
\def\subrightarrow#1{% % #1 under arrow
\setbox0=\hbox{% % set a box
$\displaystyle\mathop{}% % no mathop
\limits_{#1}$}% % just limits
\dimen0=\wd0% % get width
\advance \dimen0 by .5em% % add a bit
\mathrel{% % space like =
\mathop{\hbox to \dimen0{\rightarrowfill}}% % arrow to width
\limits_{#1}}} % text below
%========================================*
% \vbig produces very (or variably) big delimiters. The syntax is
% \vbigl<delim><size> or \vbigr<delim><size>, where <delim> is any
% delimiter and <size> is any valid dimension in pt, cm, in,....
% There is also a \vbigm for (middle) relations.
\newdimen\vbigd@men % for \vbig
\def\vbigl{\mathopen\vbig}
\def\vbigm{\mathrel\vbig}
\def\vbigr{\mathclose\vbig}
\def\vbig#1#2{{\vbigd@men=#2\divide\vbigd@men by 2%
\hbox{$\left#1\vbox to \vbigd@men{}\right.\n@space$}}}
% \Leftcases and \Rightcases are just \vbig \{ or \} with \smash. These
% can be used to make constructions like \cases with a number on each
% line, but the spacing is NOT automatic.
\def\Leftcases#1{\smash{\vbigl\{{#1}}}
\def\Rightcases#1{\smash{\vbigr\}{#1}}}
% >>> EOF TXSsymb.tex <<<
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