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% !Mode:: "TeX:DE:UTF-8:Main"
\RequirePackage{luatex85}
\documentclass[parskip=half-,egregdoesnotlikesansseriftitles]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{combofont}
\usepackage{ydoc-code,ydoc-desc}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\setupcombofont{combotest-regular}
{
{file:lmroman10-regular.otf:\combodefaultfeat} at #1pt,
{file:lmsans10-regular.otf} at \fpeval{#1/10*15}pt,
{file:cmunrm.otf} at #1pt
}
{
{} ,
0x41-0x5A*0x21*0x3F,
fallback
}
\setupcombofont{combotest-bold}
{
{file:lmroman10-bold.otf:\combodefaultfeat} at #1pt,
{file:lmsans10-bold.otf} at \fpeval{#1/10*15}pt,
{file:cmunbbx.otf} at #1pt
}
{
{} ,
0x41-0x5A*0x21*0x3F,
fallback
}
\DeclareFontFamily{TU}{combotest}{}
\DeclareFontShape{TU} {combotest}{m}{n}{<->combo*combotest-regular}{}
\DeclareFontShape{TU} {combotest}{bx}{n}{<->combo*combotest-bold}{}
\title{The \texttt{combofont} package}
\author{Ulrike Fischer\thanks{fischer@troubleshooting-tex.de}}
\newcommand\package[1]{\texttt{#1}}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{Status: EXPERIMENTAL}
This is a EXPERIMENTAL package.
It can disappear without notice e.\,g. if the \package{luaotfload} changes so that it no longer work, or if luatex changes, or if \package{fontspec} includes the code.
It is also possible that syntax and commands change in a incompatible way. So if you use it in a production environment: \textbf{You have been warned}.
\section{Introduction}
In version 2.7. \package{luaotfload} supports combining characters from multiple fonts into a single virtualized one.
That means that one can build a font that takes e.g. the capital letters from a sans serif font and the lowercase letters from a serif font. Or a font that pulls in missing greek or cyrillic glyphs from another font.
The methods pulls in \emph{only} glyphs. It is not suitable for every imaginable font combination -- some drawbacks are described below -- and one should use it with care. Nevertheless it is a quite neat extension of the tools to manipulate fonts.
The main problem with the examples in the \package{luaotfload} manual is that it creates fonts of a fix size. This means that they don't respond to command like \verb+\large+ or \verb+\footnotesize+.
After trying around a bit and then asking a question (https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/371647/call-a-luatex-combo-font-through-nfss) I got from David Carlisle the idea to use a \texttt{size}-Funktion which one define with \verb+\DeclareSizeFunction+ to inject the needed code to size the combo-font in a nfss-\verb+\DeclareFontShape+-command.
\package{combofont.sty} is the result.
It is not meant as a production package but as package that helps to exploit the use of combo fonts.
\section{Requirements}
You need at least an up-to-date TeXLive 2016. TeXLive 2017 with luatex 1.0.4. or a current miktex is better.
\section{Using combo fonts}
To be able to use a combo font with standard \LaTeX\ font commands you have to do two things (the source code of this documentation is a complete example):
\begin{enumerate}
\item Setup and describe the building of the combo font with \verb+\setupcombofont+
\item Write \texttt{nfss}-declarations
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Setup the combo font}
\DescribeMacro\setupcombofont{<name>}{<comma list of basefonts>}{<comma list of ranges and code-points>}
\begin{description}
\item[\marg{name}] is the name of the font. It should be some unique ascii-string without spaces. If you intent to define lots of fonts it would be a good idea to think about a sensible naming sheme. In the example here I simply used \texttt{combotest-regular} and \texttt{combotest-bold}.
\item[\marg{comma list of basefonts}] This should be a list of font declarations you want to use to build your combo font. The syntax used is described in the \package{luaotfload} manual. Example:
\begin{verbatim}
{
{file:lmroman10-regular.otf:\combodefaultfeat} at #1pt,
{file:lmsans10-regular.otf} at \fpeval{#1/10*15}pt,
{file:cmunrm.otf} at #1pt
}
\end{verbatim}
\minisec{Important points are:}
\begin{description}
\item[Order of the fonts] The first font is the main font which will receive the glyphs. So think carefully which font is should be and setup its font features correctly. \package{combofont} defines as a helper command \verb+\combodefaultfeat+ which sets \texttt{mode=node;script=latn;language=DFLT;+tlig;}.
\item[Size declaration] The font description should end with a size declaration line \verb+at #1pt+. When processing the font \verb+#1+ will be replaced by the current font size. As you can see in the second font you can do calculations.
\end{description}
\item[\marg{comma list of ranges and code-points}] This is a comma list of settings which describe which glyphs are taken from the respective font. Example:
\begin{verbatim}
{
{} ,
0x41-0x5A*0x21*0x3F,
fallback
}
\end{verbatim}
\minisec{Important points:}
\begin{enumerate}
\item There should be as many settings as there are fonts.
\item Empty entries should be marked with a pair of braces (normally the first entry is empty).
\item You can add ranges of code points and single code points. Blocks are separated by an asterix \verb+*+. The example set the uppercase letters and the exclamation and the question mark.
\item The keyword \texttt{fallback} means that this font is used for „missing glyphs“ (in the example for the cyrillic glyphs).
\end{enumerate}
\end{description}
\subsection{Write \texttt{nfss}-declarations}
After all the fonts you need have been setup, you can write suitable \texttt{nfss}-declaration which make it possible to call the font by family and other font commands. Example:
\begin{verbatim}
\DeclareFontFamily{TU}{combotest}{}
\DeclareFontShape {TU}{combotest}{m}{n} {<->combo*combotest-regular}{}
\DeclareFontShape {TU}{combotest}{bx}{n}{<->combo*combotest-bold}{}
\end{verbatim}
The important point is the size-function \verb+combo*+ which does all the work.
\section{Demonstration}
\verb+\fontfamily{combotest}\selectfont+:
\fontfamily{combotest}\selectfont
Some Text with Capital Words!
Eh bien, mon prince. Gênes et Lueques ne sont plus que des
apanages, des поместья, de la famille Buonaparte?
%
\verb+\large+\large:
Some Text with Capital Words!
Eh bien, mon prince. Gênes et Lueques ne sont plus que des
apanages, des поместья, de la famille Buonaparte?
\verb+\tiny+\tiny:
Some Text with Capital Words!
Eh bien, mon prince. Gênes et Lueques ne sont plus que des
apanages, des поместья, de la famille Buonaparte?
\verb+\bfseries\normalsize+\bfseries
\normalsize:
Some Text with Capital Words!
Eh bien, mon prince. Gênes et Lueques ne sont plus que des
apanages, des поместья, de la famille Buonaparte?
\verb+\tiny+\tiny:
Some Text with Capital Words!
Eh bien, mon prince. Gênes et Lueques ne sont plus que des
apanages, des поместья, de la famille Buonaparte?
%
\normalfont\normalsize
\section{Remarks and open questions}
As mentioned in the introduction a combo font only pulls in glyphs. This has a lot of (not all yet understood or seen) side effects. Here a few things that should be considered when building a combo font:
\begin{description}
\item[Kerning] Obviously some kerning works (see e.g. the large W before the o in the demonstration). But it is quite unclear which values are used, how bad it can get and if one can correct it.
\item[Font features] Only font features of the first font are taken into account. E.g. adding a color setting has an effect only if applied to the first font and then colors all glyphs. \verb!+smcp! (the open type small caps feature) only has an effect if the first font knows it. Mixing scripts and languages is probably not possible (but I didn't try yet).
\item[Speed] I didn't try to optimize the loading of the fonts.
\item[Pulling glyphs in other positions] One interesting question would if it is possible to switch glyph positions before or after the pull. E.g. if one could move the chars a-z from a sans serif text font to the math sans serif positions.
\item[Side effects] I naturally directly found a side-effect of such a combo font declaration: https://github.com/lualatex/luaotfload/issues/414. So the question is if there are more.
\end{description}
\end{document}
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