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\documentstyle[lingmacros]{article}
\title{Linguistic Macros}
\author{Emma Pease}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
The lingmacros file contains a few macros that may be of use to
linguists. The major commands are
\begin{enumerate}
\item The enumsentence macros for creating example sentences
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\enumsentence[label]{sentence}
\eenumsentence[label]{\item[label] sentence 1
\item[label] sentence 2}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
The enumsentence macros are similar to the math equation environment
except that they take regular text. The \verb+\label+ command can be
used inside of them.\footnote{The enumsentence macros use the counter,
enums. For more information read the style file.} Inside of the
eenumsentence either the \verb+\toplabel+ command for the sentence
number only or the \verb+\label+ for sentence number and sublabel.
Also defined is
\verb+\ex{number}+ which gives a relative reference. \verb+(\ex{1})+
or \verb+(\ref{senta})+ give the number of the next enumsentence (\ex{1})
or (\ref{senta}); \verb+(\ex{2})+ or \verb+(\ref{sentb})+ of the second
succeeding enumsentence (\ex{2}) or (\ref{sentb}).
\verb+(\ref{sentbb})+ will give (\ref{sentbb}).
\enumsentence{This is the first sentence\label{senta}}
\eenumsentence{\item this is a second sentence \toplabel{sentb}
\item this is a third sentence\label{sentbb}}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\enumsentence{This is the first sentence\label{senta}}
\eenumsentence{\item this is a second sentence \toplabel{sentb}
\item this is a third sentence\label{sentbb}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\item The tree macros
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\smalltree{alignment structure}
\modsmalltree{number of columns}{alignment structure}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\verb+\smalltree+ is based on the tabular environment with a large
baselineskip. A simple example should suffice.
\enumsentence{\smalltree{& &a\\
&b& &c\\
d& &e& &f}}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\enumsentence{\smalltree{& &a\\
&b& &c\\
d& &e& &f}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\verb+\modsmalltree+ sometime works better.
\enumsentence{\modsmalltree{5}{& &a\\
&b& \mc{3}{this is long}\\
d& &e& &f}}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\enumsentence{\modsmalltree{5}{& &a\\
&b& \mc{3}{this is long}\\
d& &e& &f}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Note the use of the \verb+\mc{number of columns}{text}+ to span
several columns. The \verb+\clap{text}+ might also be useful; it is
similar to the \verb+\rlap+ and \verb+\llap+ commands and produces a
centered hbox of zero width. Lines need to be drawn in by hand or one
can use the tree-dvips macros.
\item The gloss macros
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\shortex{number of columns}{first line}{second line}{gloss}
\shortexnt{number of columns}{first line}{second line}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
These can be combined to produce most of the glosses that linguists
should need.
\enumsentence{\shortex{6}{Was & ist & dem & Kind & geschenkt&worden?}
{What& is & the & child& given &been?}
{What has been given to the child?}
\item \shortexnt{7}
{Das & Fin\'anzamt & hat & ihn & geschnappt &(und & nicht}
{the &finance authority & has & him & caught &(and ¬}
\shortex{2}{die &Polizei).}
{the &police).}
{It was the IRS that caught him (and not the police).}}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\enumsentence{\shortex{6}{Was & ist & dem & Kind & geschenkt&worden?}
{What& is & the & child& given &been?}
{What has been given to the child?}}
\item \shortexnt{7}
{Das & Fin\'anzamt & hat & ihn & geschnappt &(und & nicht}
{the &finance authority & has & him & caught &(and ¬}
\shortex{2}{die &Polizei).}
{the &police)}
{It was the IRS that caught him (and not the police).}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
Unfortunately, I've not figured out a fullproof method of breaking
the glosses automatically so they have to be done by hand.
\item AVM structures
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\outerfs{text}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\enumsentence{\evnup[-3pt]{\outerfs{SUBJ & \outerfs{POSS & [PRED `Louise']\\
PRED &`mother$\langle$Poss$\rangle$}\\[3ex]
OBJ & \outerfs{PRED & `PRO'\\
REFL & +}\\
PRED & `dress$\langle$SUBJ OBJ$\rangle$'}}}
\begin{center}
\begin{verbatim}
\enumsentence{\evnup[-3pt]{%
\outerfs{SUBJ & \outerfs{POSS & [PRED `Louise']\\
PRED &`mother$\langle$Poss$\rangle$}\\[3ex]
OBJ & \outerfs{PRED & `PRO'\\
REFL & +}\\
PRED & `dress$\langle$SUBJ OBJ$\rangle$'}}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{center}
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
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