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% Test definitions for accents and composite accents in Greek
\documentclass[british,greek,a4paper]{article}
\pagestyle{empty}
\enlargethispage{4ex}
\usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader
\usepackage%
{lmodern}
% {gfsartemisia}
% {gfsbaskerville}
% [default]{gfsbodoni}
% \usepackage[default]{gfscomplutum}
% {gfsdidot}
% [default]{gfsneohellenic}
% {lmodern} \usepackage{gfsporson} \renewcommand*\rmdefault{porson}
% [default]{gfssolomos}
% {kerkis}
% {teubner}
\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}
% Load the extended font encoding definitions (after font package)
\usepackage[LGRx,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily}
% Babel package::
\usepackage{babel}
% revert the polutonikogreek definition of \~:
\addto\extraspolutonikogreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
\addto\extrasgreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
% "Lipsiakos" italic font `cbleipzig`:
\newcommand*{\lishape}{\fontencoding{LGR}\fontfamily{cmr}%
\fontshape{li}\selectfont}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textli}{\lishape}
\begin{document}
\selectlanguage{british}
\section*{Greek diacritics with standard accent macros}
% The greek diacritics are
%
% dase\~ia
% yil\'h
% t\'onos
% bare\~ia
% perispwm\'enh
% dialutika
\texttt{lgrxenc.def} is a comprehensive font encoding definition file.
Diacritics can be input using an extension of the standard macro
commands. Composite diacritics are input as
backslash followed by the LGR transliteration.%
\footnote{This makes it easy to follow the advise in
\emph{teubner-doc}: ``typeset your paper with the regular
accent vowel ligatures and [{\ldots}] substitute them in the
final revision with the accented vowel macros only in those
instances where the lack of kerning is disturbing''.}
The example in greek-usage.pdf:
%
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
T\'i f\'hic? \<Id\`wn \>enj\'ede pa\~id''
\>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan,
S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc?
\end{quote}
is input as
\begin{lstlisting}
T\'i f\'hic? \<Id\`wn \>enj\'ede pa\~id''
\>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan,
S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc?
\end{lstlisting}
%
Improvements:
%
\begin{itemize}
\item Accents can be placed on any character:%
\footnote{Babel's \emph{polutonikogreek} option re-defines
\textbackslash\textasciitilde (even for
Latin with \textbackslash textlatin).
This document reverts the babel definition in the preamble
to make the tilde/perispomeni-accent work as usual in both,
English (\textgreek{ni\~n\~o} ni\~n\~o) and Greek
(\foreignlanguage{greek}{ni\~n\~o \textlatin{ni\~n\~o}}). }
\textgreek{\"k \`l \'m \~<n \<o \>'p \>9 \`\>-}
\item Kerning is preserved
\selectlanguage{greek}
\begin{tabular}[t]{llll}
& \textlatin{roman} & \textlatin{italic} & \textlatin{cbleipzig} \\
\foreignlanguage{british}{accent macro:} &
a\>ut'os & \emph{a\>ut\'os} & \textli{a\>ut\'os} \\
\foreignlanguage{british}{transliteration:} &
a>ut'os & \emph{a>ut'os} & \textli{a>ut'os}\\
\end{tabular}
\selectlanguage{british}
Kerning only works with pre-composed glyphs:
\textgreek{A\"UA $\rightarrow$ A\~UA}
(like in any font encoding: AVA $\rightarrow$ A\~VA).
\item Following Greek typesetting convention, diacritics (except the
dialytika) are placed to the left of capital letters and and dropped
by \verb|\MakeUppercase|:
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
\'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'antropos},
\>'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'>antropos},\\
Aqill\'eas $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{Aqill\'eas},
\>Aqille\'us $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>Aqille\'us}.
\end{quote}
% Greek differs from Latin in that it capitalises letters with
% diacritics differently, depending on whether the entire word is in
% capitals (whereupon diacritics are eliminated), or the initial is
% capitalised only, as in the first word in a sentence or in a title
% (whereupon the diacritics are retained, although they appear to the
% left of the letter rather than above it.)
The dialytika is printed even in cases where it's not needed
in lowercase:
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
\'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'aulos},
\'>aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'\>aulos}%
\footnote{\selectlanguage{british} Fails if written as
\texttt{\textbackslash >'} in \texttt{polutonikogreek}
(which changes the \texttt{\textbackslash uccode} of
\texttt{\textbackslash >}):
\selectlanguage{greek} \'>aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'aulos}}
% from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=69 μάινα -> ΜΑΪΝΑ
m\'aina $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{m\'aina},\\
% from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neugriechische_Orthographie#Das_Trema
% κέικ, ἀυπνία/αϋπνία
k\'eik, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{k\'eik},
\>aupn\'ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>aupn\'ia}.
\end{quote}
\end{itemize}
\selectlanguage{british} Composite diacritics can be specified as
backslash + LGR transliteration%
\footnote{However, \textbackslash{}MakeUppercase fails, if a
non-escaped tilde character (like in
\texttt{\textbackslash{}>\textasciitilde{}a}) is used in a
document which does not define the \emph{greek} or
\emph{polutonikogreek} language.
}
or combined accent macros, e.\,g. \textgreek{\~>a} can be written as
\begin{quote}
\verb+\~>a+, \verb+\>~a+,
\verb+\~\>{a}+, or \verb+\~\>a+.
\end{quote}
However, braces in composite accents
(\verb+\~{\>a}+, \verb+\~{>a}+, or \verb+\~{\>{a}}+)
lead to errors.
Accent macros can start with \verb|\a| instead of \verb|\| when the
short form is redefined, e.\,g. inside a \emph{tabbing} environment.
This works also for the new-defined Dasia and Psili shortcuts
(becoming \verb|\a<| and \verb|\a>|):
%
\begin{quote}
\selectlanguage{greek}
\begin{tabbing}
T'i f'hic? \= T\a'i f\a'hic? \\
<Id`wn \> \a>enj\a'ede pa\a~id
\end{tabbing}
\end{quote}
\end{document}
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