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% Test definitions for accents and composite accents in Greek
\documentclass[a4paper,british,polutonikogreek]{article}
\pagestyle{empty}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader
\usepackage%
{lmodern}
% {gfsartemisia}
% {gfsbaskerville}
% [default]{gfsbodoni}
% [default]{gfscomplutum}
% {gfsdidot}
% [default]{gfsneohellenic}
% {lmodern} \usepackage{gfsporson} \renewcommand*\rmdefault{porson}
% [default]{gfssolomos}
% {kerkis}
% {teubner}
% \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}
% Load the extended font encoding definitions (after font package)
\usepackage[LGRx,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily}
% Babel package::
\usepackage{babel}
% revert the polutonikogreek definition of \~:
\addto\extraspolutonikogreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
\addto\extrasgreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}}
% "Lipsiakos" italic font `cbleipzig`:
\newcommand*{\lishape}{\fontencoding{LGR}\fontfamily{cmr}%
\fontshape{li}\selectfont}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textli}{\lishape}
\begin{document}
\selectlanguage{british}
\section*{Greek diacritics with standard accent macros}
\texttt{lgrxenc.def} is a comprehensive font encoding definition file.
LICR macros are defined for all non-ASCII characters.
Diacritics can be input using an extension of the standard macro
commands with composite diacritics input as
backslash followed by the LGR transliteration.%
\footnote{This makes it easy to follow the advise in
\emph{teubner-doc}: ``typeset your paper with the regular
accent vowel ligatures and [{\ldots}] substitute them in the
final revision with the accented vowel macros only in those
instances where the lack of kerning is disturbing''.}
The example in greek-usage.pdf:
%
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
T\'i f\'hic? \<Id\`wn \>enj\'ede pa\~id''
\>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan,
S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc?
\end{quote}
can be input as
\begin{lstlisting}
T\'i f\'hic? \<Id\`wn \>enj\'ede pa\~id''
\>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan,
S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc?
\end{lstlisting}
%
Improvements:
%
\begin{itemize}
\item Accents can be placed on any character:%
\footnote{Babel's \emph{polutonikogreek} option re-defines
\textbackslash\textasciitilde (even for
Latin with \textbackslash textlatin).
This document reverts the babel definition in the preamble
to make the tilde/perispomeni-accent work as usual in both,
English (\textgreek{ni\~n\~o} ni\~n\~o) and Greek %
% (\foreignlanguage{greek}{ni\~n\~o \textlatin{ni\~n\~o}}).
.}
\textgreek{\"k \`l \'m \~<n \<o \>'p \>9 \`\>-}
\item Kerning is preserved
\selectlanguage{greek}
\begin{tabular}[t]{llll}
& \textlatin{roman} & \textlatin{italic} & \textlatin{cbleipzig} \\
\foreignlanguage{british}{accent macro:} &
a\>ut'os & \emph{a\>ut\'os} & \textli{a\>ut\'os} \\
\foreignlanguage{british}{transliteration:} &
a>ut'os & \emph{a>ut'os} & \textli{a>ut'os}\\
\end{tabular}
\selectlanguage{british}
Like in any font encoding, kerning only works with pre-composed glyphs:
\textgreek{A\"UA $\ne$ A\~UA}, AVA $\ne$ A\~VA.
\item Compatible with hyperref (see greekhyperref.pdf).
\item Following Greek typesetting convention, diacritics (except the
dialytika) are placed to the left of capital letters and and dropped
by \verb|\MakeUppercase|:
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
\'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'antropos},
\>'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'antropos},\\
Aqill\'eas $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{Aqill\'eas},
\>Aqille\'us $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>Aqille\'us}.
\end{quote}
The dialytika is printed even in cases where it's not needed
in lowercase: % the "hiatus" feature
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
\'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'aulos},
\'>aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'\>aulos},
% from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=69 μάινα -> ΜΑΪΝΑ
m\'aina $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{m\'aina},\\
% from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neugriechische_Orthographie#Das_Trema
% κέικ, ἀυπνία/αϋπνία
k\'eik, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{k\'eik},
\>aupn\'ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>aupn\'ia}.
\end{quote}
\end{itemize}
\selectlanguage{british} Composite diacritics can be specified as
backslash + LGR transliteration or combined accent macros,
e.\,g. \textgreek{\~>a} can be written as
\begin{quote}
\verb+\~>a+, \verb+\>~a+,
\verb+\~\>{a}+, or \verb+\~\>a+.
\end{quote}
However, braces in composite accents
(\verb+\~{\>a}+, \verb+\~{>a}+, or \verb+\~{\>{a}}+)
lead to errors.
\verb+\MakeUppercase+ works with most input variants
but fails with
%
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb+\"`+, \verb+\"'+ or \verb+\>'+ if the language is \texttt{greek}
or \texttt{polutonikogreek} (which maps \texttt{'} and \texttt{`}
to an empty character preventing the correct placing of the dialytika
via TextComposite definitions
\foreignlanguage{polutonikogreek}{\"'u $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\"'u},
\"`u $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\"`u},
\>'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'aulos}}),
or
\item a tilde in a document which does \textbf{not} define
the \texttt{greek} or \texttt{polutonikogreek} language (it will
produce a no-break space).
\end{itemize}
%
Combining ``symbol macros'' (\verb+\"\' \>\' \>\~+) or reversing the order
(\verb+\'" \'> \~>+) resolves these cases.
% Test:
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
% \~>a $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\~>a},
% \'>e $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'<e},
\'"i $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'"i},
\"\acctonos i $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\"\acctonos i},
% \'>o $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'>o},
\"\'u $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\"\'u},
\"\`u $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\"\`u},
% \'>w $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'>w},
\>\'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>\'aulos}
\end{quote}
Accent macros can start with \verb|\a| instead of \verb|\| when the
short form is redefined, e.\,g. inside a \emph{tabbing} environment.
This also works for the new-defined Dasia and Psili shortcuts
(\verb|\a<| and \verb|\a>|):
%
\begin{quote}
\selectlanguage{greek}
\begin{tabbing}
T'i f'hic? \= T\a'i f\a'hic? \\
<Id`wn \> \a>enj\a'ede pa\a~id
\end{tabbing}
\end{quote}
\end{document}
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