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% Test definitions for accents and composite accents in Greek
\documentclass[a4paper,british,polutonikogreek]{article}
\pagestyle{empty}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader
\usepackage%
{lmodern}
% {gfsartemisia}
% {gfsbaskerville}
% [default]{gfsbodoni}
% [default]{gfscomplutum}
% {gfsdidot}
% [default]{gfsneohellenic}
% {lmodern} \usepackage{gfsporson} \renewcommand*\rmdefault{porson}
% [default]{gfssolomos}
% {kerkis}
% {teubner}
% \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt}
% Load encoding definitions (after font package)
\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{textalpha}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily}
% Babel package:
\usepackage{babel}
% With XeTeX/LuaTeX, load fontspec after babel to use Unicode
% fonts for Latin script and LGR for Greek:
\ifdefined\luatexversion \usepackage{fontspec}\fi
\ifdefined\XeTeXrevision \usepackage{fontspec}\fi
% "Lipsiakos" italic font `cbleipzig`:
\newcommand*{\lishape}{\fontencoding{LGR}\fontfamily{cmr}%
\fontshape{li}\selectfont}
\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textli}{\lishape}
\begin{document}
\selectlanguage{british}
\section*{Greek diacritics with standard accent macros}
The font encoding definition file \texttt{lgrenc.def} defines LICR macros
for all non-ASCII characters in the LGR font encoding. Greek accent macros
have names starting with \verb|\acc| followed by the Greek accent name as
used in the Unicode standard (e.g. \verb|\acctonos|). The standard symbol
accents \verb|\' \` \~| behave according to Greek typography if used in the
LGR font encoding.
The \emph{textalpha} or \emph{alphabeta} packages define the symbol macros
\verb|\<| and \verb|\>| as alias for the breathings (Dasia and Psili). With
this, all diacritics can be input as backslash followed
by the LGR transliteration. %
\footnote{This makes it easy to follow the advise in
\emph{teubner-doc}: ``typeset your paper with the regular
accent vowel ligatures and [{\ldots}] substitute them in the
final revision with the accented vowel macros only in those
instances where the lack of kerning is disturbing''.}
\footnote{The definition of the macros
\texttt{\textbackslash<} and \texttt{\textbackslash>} was moved
from the font definition file \texttt{greek-fontenc.def} to
\texttt{textalpha.sty} in order to avoid clashes with local
definitions of this macros in documents using the LGR font
encoding via \emph{fontenc} or \emph{babel}.}
The example in greek-usage.pdf:
%
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
T\'i f\'hic? \<Id\`wn \>enj\'ede pa\~id''
\>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan,
S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc?
\end{quote}
can be input as
\begin{lstlisting}
T\'i f\'hic? \<Id\`wn \>enj\'ede pa\~id''
\>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan,
S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc?
\end{lstlisting}
%
Improvements over the ligature-based approach in LGR:
%
\begin{itemize}
\item Accents can be placed on any character:%
\footnote{In babel-greek versions < 1.4, Babel's \emph{polutonikogreek}
option re-defined \textbackslash\textasciitilde (even for
Latin with \textbackslash textlatin).
This document reverted the babel definition in the preamble
to make the tilde/perispomeni-accent work as usual in both,
English (\textgreek{ni\~n\~o} ni\~n\~o) and Greek %
% (\foreignlanguage{greek}{ni\~n\~o \textlatin{ni\~n\~o}}).
.}
\textgreek{\"k \`l \'m \~<n \<o \>'p \>9 \`\>-}
\item Kerning is preserved
\selectlanguage{greek}
\begin{tabular}[t]{llll}
& \textlatin{roman} & \textlatin{italic} & \textlatin{cbleipzig} \\
\foreignlanguage{british}{accent macro:} &
a\>ut'os & \emph{a\>ut\'os} & \textli{a\>ut\'os} \\
\foreignlanguage{british}{transliteration:} &
a>ut'os & \emph{a>ut'os} & \textli{a>ut'os}\\
\end{tabular}
\selectlanguage{british}
Like in any font encoding, kerning only works with pre-composed glyphs:
\textgreek{A\"UA $\ne$ A\~UA}, AVA $\ne$ A\~VA.
\item Compatible with hyperref (see greekhyperref.pdf).
\item Following Greek typesetting convention, diacritics (except the
dialytika) are placed to the left of capital letters and and dropped
by \verb|\MakeUppercase|:
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
\'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'antropos},
\>'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'antropos},\\
Aqill\'eas $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{Aqill\'eas},
\>Aqille\'us $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>Aqille\'us}.
\end{quote}
The dialytika is printed even in cases where it's not needed
in lowercase: % the "hiatus" feature
\begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek}
\'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'aulos},
\'>aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'\>aulos},
% from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=69 μάινα -> ΜΑΪΝΑ
m\'aina $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{m\'aina},\\
% from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neugriechische_Orthographie#Das_Trema
% κέικ, ἀυπνία/αϋπνία
k\'eik, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{k\'eik},
\>aupn\'ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>aupn\'ia}.
\end{quote}
\end{itemize}
\selectlanguage{british} Composite diacritics can be specified as
named macro, backslash + LGR transliteration, or combined accent macros,
e.\,g. \textgreek{\~>a} can be written as
\begin{quote}
\verb+\accpsiliperispomeni{a}+,
\verb+\~>a+, \verb+\>~a+,
\verb+\~\>{a}+, or \verb+\~\>a+.
\end{quote}
However, braces in composite accents
(\verb+\~{\>a}+, \verb+\~{>a}+, or \verb+\~{\>{a}}+)
lead to errors.
\verb+\MakeUppercase+ works with most input variants but fails with a tilde
in a document which does \textbf{not} define the \texttt{greek} or
\texttt{polutonikogreek} language (where the tilde is an active character
denoting a \verb|\nobreakspace|).
Combining ``symbol macros'' (\verb+\>\~+) or reversing the order
(\verb+\~>+) is safe:
\foreignlanguage{greek}{\~>a $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\~>a}}.
Accent macros can start with \verb|\a| instead of \verb|\| when the
short form is redefined, e.\,g. inside a \emph{tabbing} environment.
This also works for the new-defined Dasia and Psili shortcuts
(\verb|\a<| and \verb|\a>|):
%
\begin{quote}
\selectlanguage{greek}
\begin{tabbing}
T'i f'hic? \= T\a'i f\a'hic? \\
<Id`wn \> \a>enj\a'ede pa\a~id
\end{tabbing}
\end{quote}
\end{document}
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