path: root/Master/texmf-dist/doc/fonts/fonts-churchslavonic/fonts-churchslavonic.tex

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    pdftitle={Church Slavonic fonts},
    pdfauthor={Aleksandr Andreev},
    pdfkeywords={Church Slavic, Church Slavonic, Old Church Slavonic, Old Slavonic, fonts, Unicode}
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\setotherlanguages{russian,churchslavonic}

%% KEYBOARD DRIVER VERSION AND RELEASE DATES
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\title{Church Slavonic Fonts}
\author{Aleksandr Andreev \and Yuri Shardt \and Nikita Simmons\thanks{Comments may be directed to \href{mailto:aleksandr.andreev@gmail.com}{aleksandr.andreev@gmail.com}.}}
\date{\filedate \qquad \fileversion\\
\footnotesize (\textsc{pdf} file generated on \today)}

\maketitle
\tableofcontents

\section{Introduction}

Church Slavonic (also called Church Slavic, Old Church Slavonic
or Old Slavonic; ISO 639-2 code |cu|) is a literary language used by
the Slavic peoples; presently it is used as a liturgical language by the
Russian Orthodox Church, other local Orthodox Churches, as well
as various Byzantine-Rite Catholic and Old Ritualist communities.
The package \texttt{fonts-churchslavonic} provides fonts for
representing Church Slavonic text.

The fonts are designed to work with Unicode text encoded in UTF-8.
Texts encoded in legacy codepages (such as HIP and UCS) may be
converted to Unicode using a separate bundle of utilities.
See the \href{http://sci.ponomar.net/}
{Slavonic Computing Initiative website} for more information.

\section{License}

The fonts distributed in this package are dual-licensed under the GNU General Public License 
(version 3 or later) and the SIL Open Font License (version 1.1 or later). The SIL
Open Font License is preferred, since this is a FLOSS license intended for fonts.
Dual licensing under GNU GPL is maintained to allow embedding of these
fonts into GPL-licensed applications and for compatibility with other projects.

\subsection{The Legal Text}

The fonts distributed in this package are free software: you can redistribute them and/or modify
them, in whole or in part, EITHER under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version OR under the terms of the SIL Open Font License,
version 1.1, or (at your option) any later version, without reserved font names.

As a special exception, if you create a document which uses any of these fonts, and embed the font or unaltered portions of the font
into the document, the font does not by itself cause the resulting document to be covered by the GNU General Public License. 
This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why the document might be covered by the GNU General Public License. 
If you modify any of these fonts, you may extend this exception to your version of the fonts, but you are not obligated to do so. 
If you do not wish to do so, delete this exception statement from your version.

As free software, these fonts are distributed in the hope that they will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License or the SIL Open Font License for more details.

This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
International License. To view a copy of this license, visit the \href{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}{CreativeCommons website}.

\section{Introduction}

The package provides several fonts that are intended for working with Church Slavonic text
of various recensions and other texts related to Church Slavonic:
modern Church Slavonic text (“Synodal Slavonic”), historical printed Church Slavonic text
and manuscript uncial (ustav) Church Slavonic text (in either Cyrillic or Glagolitic),
as well as text in Sakha (Yakut), Aleut (Fox Island dialect), and Romanian (Moldovan)
Cyrillic, all written in the ecclesiastical script. The coverage of the various fonts agrees
with the guidelines for font coverage specified in
\href{http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn41/}
{Unicode Technical Note \#41: Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode}.
Generally speaking, it includes most (but not all) characters in the Cyrillic,
Cyrillic Supplement, Cyrillic Extended-A, Cyrillic Extended-B, Cyrillic Extended-C
(as of Unicode 9.0), Glagolitic, and Glagolitic Supplement blocks of Unicode.
Characters not used in Church Slavonic, however, are not included (except for some
characters used in modern Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian, Serbian and
Macedonian for purposes of compatibility with some applications).

\section{Installation and Usage}

If you are reading this document, then you probably have already downloaded
the font package. You may check if you have the most recent version by visiting
the \href{http://sci.ponomar.net/}{Slavonic Computing Initiative website}.

\subsection{Font Formats}

All fonts are currently available in two formats:

\begin{description}
\item[\XeTeXpicfile "truetype.png" width 4mm] TrueType fonts, or, more precisely,
\hyperlink{OT}{OpenType} fonts with TrueType outlines;

\item[\XeTeXpicfile "opentype.png" width 4mm] \hyperlink{OT}{OpenType} fonts with
PostScript outlines (also called OpenType-CFF fonts).
\end{description}

\noindent Note that fonts in these two formats have different file extensions:
\texttt{*.ttf} for TrueType, \texttt{*.otf} for OpenType-CFF fonts.
Both the TrueType version and the OpenType-CFF version support
the same set of advanced \hyperlink{OT}{OpenType} features.

The OpenType-CFF fonts use PostScript outlines, based
on third-order (cubic) Bézier curves, while the TrueType fonts 
use second-order (quadratic) curves. There is also a significant difference in
hinting (grid fitting): TrueType instructions theoretically allow to
achieve much better quality of screen rendering than PostScript hinting.
However, since quality hinting is a very difficult and time-consuming process,
both the PostScript hinting and TrueType instructing of the fonts 
has been done automatically, so high quality grid fitting is not available.

Note that it is possible to install both the TrueType and OpenType-CFF versions
simultaneously. For this purpose, the TrueType fonts contain a “TT” suffix in their
font name/family name fields. Since all of the fonts have been drawn in cubic splines
(and then converted to quadratic for the TTF version), and since the TrueType instructions
have been automatically generated, the OpenType-CFF format may
theoretically give you better screen rendering quality, though in most situations
this will not be noticeable. Furthermore, note that only the TTF version supports
\hyperlink{Graphite}{SIL Graphite}, so you will need to use the TrueType fonts
if Graphite support is desired. The following considerations are also in order:

\begin{itemize}

\item In older versions of OpenOffice.org, OpenType-CFF fonts 
were not properly embedded into PDF files. Moreover, under Unix-based
systems, OpenOffice.org could not access such fonts at all, so using TTF
versions was the only option. This was fixed in OpenOffice.org 3.2 and LibreOffice.

\item OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice, however, still have no mechanism to 
turn off and on advanced OpenType features, so if you plan to use optional typographic
features, you will need to use SIL Graphite, which is only available in the TTF version.

\item OpenType-CFF fonts are poorly supported in the Sun Java Development Kit,
so we recommend use of the TTF versions in Java programming situations and
on Android devices.

\item On Microsoft Windows, OpenType glyph positioning is not supported for glyphs
in the Private Use Area or characters outside of the Unicode 7.0 range. You will 
need to rely on \hyperlink{Graphite}{SIL Graphite} (only available in the TTF versions)
for positioning of combining Glagolitic characters and various glyphs in the PUA.

\end{itemize}

Note that Microsoft Windows checks the presence of
a digital signature in a TrueType font, considering this would allow to distinguish
“old” TrueType fonts from “modern” OpenType fonts with TrueType outlines.
The fonts in this package contain a dummy digital signature
in order to fool Microsoft products into allowing use of additional TrueType features.

\subsection{Source Packages}

You can also download the FontForge sources for all of the fonts
from the \href{https://github.com/typiconman/fonts-cu/}{GitHub repository}.
This is only useful if you are planning on editing the fonts in the
\href{http://fontforge.sourceforge.net}{FontForge} font editor. In general,
you will not gain any productivity improvements from rebuilding the font files,
so rebuilding from source is not recommended, unless you have a real need
to modify the fonts, for example, to add your own additional glyphs to the Private Use Area.

\section{System Requirements}

All of these fonts are large Unicode fonts and require a Unicode-aware operating
system and software environment. Outside of a Unicode-aware environment,
you will only be able, at most, to access the first 256 glyphs of a font.

\subsection{Microsoft Windows}

Unicode has been supported since Windows 95, however to use the
OpenType-CFF version of the fonts, you need at least Windows 2000.
You will need a word processor that can handle
Unicode-based documents, such as Microsoft Word 97 and above,
or \href{http://www.libreoffice.org}{LibreOffice}.
Please note that maintenance of OpenOffice.org has been discontinued,
so we recommend using LibreOffice instead. If using \TeX{},
you will need a Unicode-aware \TeX{} engine, such as 
\XeTeX{} or \LuaTeX.

You will also need a way to enter the Unicode characters that are not
directly accessible from standard keyboards. We recommend
installing a Church Slavonic or Russian-Extended keyboard layout, 
available from the \href{http://www.ponomar.net/cu_support/keyboard.html}
{Slavonic Computing Initiative website}. It is also possible to enter
characters using the Windows Character Map utility or by codepoint,
but this is not recommended.

\subsection{GNU/Linux}

In order to be able to handle TrueType or OpenType fonts, your system should
have the \href{http://freetype.sourceforge.net}{freetype} library installed
and enabled; this is normally done by default in all modern distributions.
You will need a Unicode-aware word processor, such
as \href{http://www.libreoffice.org}{LibreOffice}.
Please note that OpenOffice.org is no longer maintained,
so we recommend using LibreOffice instead. If using \TeX,
you will need a Unicode-aware \TeX{} engine, such as 
\XeTeX{} or \LuaTeX.

You will need a keyboard driver to input Unicode characters.
Under GNU/Linux, this is handled by the |m17n| library and database. See the \href{http://www.ponomar.net/cu_support/keyboard.html}
{Slavonic Computing Initiative website} for more details.

\subsection{OS X}

Not sure.

\section{Private Use Area}

The Unicode Private Use Area (PUA) is a set of three ranges of codepoints
(U+E000 to U+F8FF, Plane 15 and Plane 16) that are guaranteed to never
be assigned to characters by the Unicode Consortium and can be used by third parties
to allocate their own characters. The Slavonic Computing Initiative has established an
industry standard for character allocation in the PUA, which is described in full
in the \href{http://www.ponomar.net/files/pua_policy.pdf}{PUA Allocation Policy}.

The PUA in these fonts contains various additional glyphs: contextual alternatives,
stylistic alternatives, ligatures, hypothetical and nonce glyphs, various glyphs
not yet encoded in Unicode and various technical symbols. Most of these glyphs
(the alternative glyphs and ligatures) are accessible via 
\hyperlink{OT}{OpenType} and \hyperlink{Graphite}{SIL Graphite} features.
Thus, you generally do not need to access glyphs in the PUA directly. There
may be some exceptions:

\begin{itemize}

\item If you need to access characters not yet encoded in Unicode and nonce glyphs.

\item If you need to access alternative glyphs and ligatures on legacy systems that 
do not support OpenType or Graphite features.

\item If you are a computer programmer and need to work with glyphs
on a low level without relying on OpenType: having all alternatives
mapped to the PUA allows for a simple way to access glyphs by codepoint
instead of working with glyph indexes, which can change between versions
of a font.

\end{itemize}

\noindent For the characters mapped in the PUA and other technical considerations,
please see the \href{http://www.ponomar.net/files/pua_policy.pdf}
{PUA Allocation Policy}.

\section{OpenType Technology}
\hypertarget{OT}{}\label{OT}

OpenType is a “smart font” technology for advanced typography
developed by Microsoft Corporation and Adobe Systems and based on
the TrueType font format. It allows for correct typography in 
complex scripts as well as providing advanced typographic effects.
This is achieved by applying various \textit{features}, or \textit{tags},
described in the OpenType specification. Some of these features are supposed
to be enabled by default, while others are considered optional, and may be
turned on and off by the user when desired.

\subsection{On Microsoft Windows}

In order to use these advanced typographic features,
in addition to a “smart” font (like the fonts in this package), you need
an OpenType-aware application. Not all applications currently support OpenType, 
and not all applications that claim to support OpenType actually support
all features or provide an interface to access features. Older versions of
Microsoft's Uniscribe library did not support OpenType features for
Cyrillic and Glagolitic, but beginning with Windows 7, this has been resolved.

Generally speaking, you will get best results in \XeTeX{} or \LuaTeX{}
using the \texttt{fontspec} package or using advanced desktop publishing software
such as Adobe InDesign. Most OpenType features are also accessible
in Microsoft Office 2010 and later (but see below for details).
LibreOffice also supports OpenType features starting with version 4.1,
however provides no method to turn on optional features. Please
see the section on \hyperlink{Graphite}{SIL Graphite}, below.

\subsection{On GNU/Linux}

OpenType support is provided by the HarfBuzz shaping library, which is 
accessible through FreeType, part of most standard distributions of the X Window
System. Thus, OpenType will be available in any application that uses FreeType,
though many applications lack an interface to turn on and off optional features.
Generally speaking, you will get best results in \XeTeX{} or \LuaTeX{}
using the \texttt{fontspec} package. LibreOffice also supports
OpenType features starting with version 4.1,
however provides no method to turn on optional features. Please
see the section on \hyperlink{Graphite}{SIL Graphite}, below.

\subsection{OpenType Features}

\subsubsection{Combining Mark Positioning}
\hypertarget{mark}{}

OpenType allows smart diacritic positioning: if you type a letter followed by
a diacritic, the diacritic will be placed exactly above or below the letter; this
is provided by the \texttt{mark} feature. In addition, the \texttt{mkmk} feature
is used to position two marks with respect to each other, so that an additional
diacritic can be stacked properly above the first. This behavior is demonstrated
below:

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\large{  {\slv а}  + {\slv ◌́} → {\slv а́ } } &   \\
\large{ {\slv А}  + {\slv ◌́} → {\slv А́ } } & (glyph positioning via \emph{mark} feature) \\
\large{ {\slv ◌ⷭ} + {\slv  ◌‍҇} → {\slv ◌ⷭ҇ } } & (glyph positioning via \emph{mkmk} feature) \\
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

The fonts provide proper \texttt{mark} and \texttt{mkmk} anchor points
for all Cyrillic and Glagolitic letters and combining marks, allowing you to enter them in
almost any combination (even those that are implausible). Most OpenType renderers
(except older versions of Adobe’s Cooltype library) support these features,
so you should be able to achieve correct positioning in most OpenType-aware
applications (for example, in MS Word 2010 or newer, LibreOffice 4.1 or newer,
and \XeTeX{}).

\subsubsection{Glyph Composition and Decomposition}
\hypertarget{ccmp}{}

The Glyph Composition / Decomposition (\texttt{ccmp}) feature is used
to compose two characters into a single glyph for better glyph processing.
This feature is also used to create precomposed forms of a base glyph with
diacritical marks when use of only \texttt{mark} and \texttt{mkmk} cannot achieve
the necessary positioning. It is also used to create alternative glyph shapes,
such as the alternative version of the Psili used over capital letters and
the truncated forms of the letter Uk used with accent marks, as is 
demonstrated in the examples below:

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\large{ {\slv ◌҆} } $\rightarrow$ \large { {\slv  ◌ } } & (glyph substitution using \emph{ccmp} feature) \\
\large{ {\slv ◌҆}  + {\slv ◌̀} $\rightarrow$ {\slv ◌҆̀} } & (ligature substitution using \emph{ccmp} feature) \\
\large{ {\slv т}  + {\slv } + {\slv в} $\rightarrow$ {\slv т‍в } } & (ligature substitution using \emph{ccmp} feature) \\
\large{ {\slv ꙋ}  + {\slv ◌ⷯ} $\rightarrow$ {\slv ꙋⷯ } } & (contextual substitution using \emph{ccmp} feature) \\
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

Generally speaking, the \emph{ccmp} feature is not supposed to
(and often just cannot) be turned off, and thus this functionality
should work properly in any OpenType-aware application. For more details
on ligatures, see \href{http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn41/}{Unicode
Technical Note \#41: Church Slavonic Typography in Unicode}.

\subsubsection{Language-based Features}

Language-based features such as the \texttt{loca} (localized forms) feature
provide access to language-specific alternate glyph forms, such as the
alternate forms of the Cyrillic Letter I used in Ukrainian and Belorussian:

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
\large{  {\slv і } } &  (Church Slavonic text) \\
\large{ {\slv і̇ } } & (Ukrainian text) \\
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

To make use of these features, you need an OpenType-aware application
that supports specifying the language of text, for example \XeTeX{} or
\LuaTeX{} using the \texttt{fontspec} or \texttt{polyglossia} packages.
Since many software applications do not allow you to specify Church Slavonic
as a language of text, it is assumed by default that the font is being 
used to represent Church Slavonic text, and thus all glyphs have
Church Slavonic appearances unless another language is specified.

LibreOffice allows you to specify that text is in Church Slavonic
starting with version 5.0. This will allow you to take advantage of other
features, such as Church Slavonic hyphenation (see the
\href{http://sci.ponomar.net/}{Slavonic Computing Initiative website}
for more information). Microsoft Corporation does not recognize
Church Slavonic as a valid language, so you will not be able to set 
the language of text to Church Slavonic in any Microsoft
product.\footnote{Please do not contact the font maintainers about this issue.
Instead, complain to Microsoft Customer Service in the USA at 1-800-642-7676 
or in Canada at +1 (877) 568-2495.}

\subsubsection{Stylistic Alternatives and Stylistic Sets}

Stylistic Alternatives (\texttt{salt} feature) provide variant glyph shapes
that may be selected by the user at will. Typically, these are glyphs that differ
from the base glyph only in graphical appearance where the use of these glyphs
does not follow any language-based or typography-based rules, but rather is
just an embellishment. For example, the following variant forms of U+1F545
Symbol for Marks Chapter are provided:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
U+1F545	& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Alternative Glyphs} \\
\hline
{\slv \Huge 🕅} &	\textcolor{gray}{\slv \Huge } & \textcolor{gray}{\slv \Huge } & \textcolor{gray}{\slv \Huge } & \textcolor{gray}{\slv \Huge }  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

Stylistic sets are used to enable a group of stylistic variant glyphs,
designed to harmonize visually, and make them automatically substituted
instead of the default forms. OpenType allows to specify up to 20 stylistic
sets, marking them features \texttt{ss01}, \texttt{ss02}, \ldots{} \texttt{ss20}. 

Use of Stylistic Alternatives and Stylistic Sets requires an OpenType-aware
application that provides an interface to turn off and on advanced features
(since by default these features are turned off). This is possible in \XeTeX{}
or \LuaTeX{} using the \texttt{fontspec} package and in advanced desktop
publishing software such as Adobe InDesign. Microsoft Office and LibreOffice
currently have no way to access Stylistic Alternatives and Stylistic Sets.
If necessary, you may access these glyphs by codepoint from the Private
Use Area, though this is not recommended.

\section{SIL Graphite Technology}

\hypertarget{Graphite}{}\label{Graphite}

\href{http://scripts.sil.org/Graphite}{Graphite} is a “smart font” technology
developed by \href{http://www.sil.org}{SIL International}. Since, unlike OpenType,
Graphite does not have predefined features, it provides the developer with an ability
to control subtle typographic features that may be difficult or impossible to handle
with OpenType. In fact, Graphite is in some respects more powerful than OpenType,
though this additional power is not necessary for standard Church Slavonic typography.
In addition, while support of OpenType features often varies from application to application,
Graphite relies on a single engine, and thus all Graphite features are supported
whenever an application supports Graphite. However, Graphite is not supported widely:
in addition to SIL's own \href{http://scripts.sil.org/WorldPadDownload}{WorldPad}
editor (a Windows-only application that requires a .NET runtime), Graphite is
supported in LibreOffice (starting with OpenOffice.org version 3.2), Mozilla Firefox (starting with
version 11), and \XeTeX{} (starting with version 0.997). Graphite support is not
available in Microsoft Office.

Note that it is currently not possible to add Graphite tables to OpenType-CFF fonts.
Therefore Graphite is only supported in the TrueType versions of fonts. Mostly
Graphite will be of interest to LibreOffice users, since LibreOffice does not provide
any interface to turn off and on OpenType features.

\subsection{Graphite in LibreOffice}

LibreOffice (and all OpenOffice.org derivatives starting with version 3.2)
automatically recognizes fonts which contain Graphite tables.
For such fonts Graphite rendering is enabled by default.
Correct positioning, attachment and substitutions will work automatically.
However, there is currently no graphical interface that can be used
to turn additional features on and off. Instead, a special extended font name
syntax has been developed: in order to activate an optional feature, its ID,
followed by an equals sign and the ID of the desired setting, are appended
directly to the font name string. An ampersand is used to separate
different feature/settings pairs.

For example, the following “font” should be used in order to get
alternative glyphs for U+1F545 Symbol for Marks Chapter:

\begin{verbatim}
Ponomar Unicode TT:mark=1
\end{verbatim}

\noindent for the first alternate glyph, \texttt{mark=2} for the second alternate
glyph, and so forth.

Of course modifying the font name directly is very inconvenient, since
it is difficult to remember short tags and numerical values used for
feature/setting IDs in different fonts. You may try to
install the \href{https://github.com/thanlwinsoft/groooext}
{Graphite Font Extension}, which provides a dialog for easier feature selection.
However, this extension has not been maintained since the passing of its
developer in 2011, and so may not work correctly in later versions of LibreOffice.
If you experience problems with Graphite features, you may get better
results accessing glyphs directly by codepoint from the Private Use Area,
though this is not recommended.

\subsection{Graphite in \XeTeX}

Graphite support is available in \XeTeX, which means Graphite
features are now accessible from \TeX{} documents. Moreover, it is possible
to enable the Graphite font renderer with the \texttt{fontspec} package,
which greatly simplifies selecting system-installed fonts in \XeTeX{} and \LuaTeX.
This functionality requires at least \TeX{} Live 2010 or Mik\TeX 2.9.

You can activate the Graphite rendering mode for a particular font via the
the \texttt{Renderer} option (its value should be set to \texttt{Graphite})
in the argument list of a font selection command. Since there are no standard
feature tags in Graphite, the feature identifiers and their settings are
passed to the \texttt{RawFeature} option as follows:

\begin{verbatim}
\newfontfamily{\graphA}
      [Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature=
          {Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 1}]
{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\end{verbatim}

\noindent Please consult the \texttt{fontspec} documentation for more information.

\section{Ponomar Unicode}

Ponomar Unicode is a font that reproduces the typeface of Synodal Church Slavonic
editions from the beginning of the 20th Century. It is intended for working with
modern Church Slavonic texts (Synodal Slavonic). Ponomar Unicode is based on
the Hirmos UCS font designed by Vlad Dorosh, but has been modified by the authors
of this package. Examples of text set in Ponomar Unicode are presented below.

%\lineskip=0pt
%\lineskiplimit=-5em

\subsection{Synodal Church Slavonic}

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\slv \large
Бл҃же́нъ мꙋ́жъ, и҆́же не и҆́де на совѣ́тъ нечести́выхъ, и҆ на пꙋтѝ грѣ́шныхъ не ста̀, и҆ на сѣда́лищи гꙋби́телей не сѣ́де: но въ зако́нѣ гдⷭ҇ни во́лѧ є҆гѡ̀, и҆ въ зако́нѣ є҆гѡ̀ поꙋчи́тсѧ де́нь и҆ но́щь. И҆ бꙋ́детъ ꙗ҆́кѡ дре́во насажде́ное при и҆схо́дищихъ во́дъ, є҆́же пло́дъ сво́й да́стъ во вре́мѧ своѐ, и҆ ли́стъ є҆гѡ̀ не ѿпаде́тъ: и҆ всѧ̑, є҆ли̑ка а҆́ще твори́тъ, ᲂу҆спѣ́етъ. Не та́кѡ нечести́вїи, не та́кѡ: но ꙗ҆́кѡ пра́хъ, є҆го́же возмета́етъ вѣ́тръ ѿ лица̀ землѝ. Сегѡ̀ ра́ди не воскре́снꙋтъ нечести́вїи на сꙋ́дъ, нижѐ грѣ̑шницы въ совѣ́тъ првⷣныхъ. Ꙗ҆́кѡ вѣ́сть гдⷭ҇ь пꙋ́ть првⷣныхъ, и҆ пꙋ́ть нечести́выхъ поги́бнетъ.
}
\end{churchslavonic}

\subsection{Kievan Church Slavonic}

Kievan Church Slavonic uses a number of variant glyph forms, such as U+1C81 Long-Legged De ({\slv ᲁ}) and U+A641 Variant Ze ({\slv ꙁ}):

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\slv \large
Бл҃же́нъ мꙋ́жъ, и҆́же не и҆́ᲁе на совѣ́тъ нечести́выхъ, и҆ на пꙋтѝ грѣ́шныхъ не ста̀, и҆ на сѣᲁа́лищи гꙋби́телей не сѣ́ᲁе: но въ зако́нѣ гᲁⷭ҇ни во́лѧ є҆гѡ̀, и҆ въ зако́нѣ є҆гѡ̀ поꙋчи́тсѧ де́нь и҆ но́щь. И҆ бꙋ́ᲁетъ ꙗ҆́кѡ дре́во насажᲁе́ное при и҆схо́ᲁищихъ во́ᲁъ, є҆́же плоᲁъ сво́й да́стъ во вре́мѧ своѐ, и҆ ли́стъ є҆гѡ̀ не ѿпаᲁе́тъ: и҆ всѧ̑, є҆ли̑ка а҆́ще твори́тъ, ᲂу҆спѣ́етъ. Не та́кѡ нечести́вїи, не та́кѡ: но ꙗ҆́кѡ пра́хъ, є҆го́же воꙁмета́етъ вѣ́тръ ѿ лица̀ землѝ. Сегѡ̀ ра́ᲁи не воскре́снꙋтъ нечести́вїи на сꙋ́ᲁъ, нижѐ грѣ̑шницы въ совѣ́тъ првⷣныхъ. Ꙗ҆́кѡ вѣ́сть гᲁⷭ҇ь пꙋ́ть првⷣныхъ, и҆ пꙋ́ть нечести́выхъ поги́бнетъ.
}
\end{churchslavonic}

\subsection{Other Languages}

The Ponomar Unicode font may also be used to typeset liturgical texts in other languages that use the ecclesiastic Cyrillic alphabet. Three such examples
are fully supported by the font: Romanian (Moldovan) in its Cyrillic alphabet, Aleut (Fox Island or Eastern dialect) in its Cyrillic alphabet, and Yakut (Sakha) as written in the alphabet created by Bishop Dionysius (Khitrov).

\noindent Here is an example of the Lord's Prayer in Romanian (Moldovan) Cyrillic: \\

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\slv \large 
Та́тъль но́стрꙋ ка́реле є҆́щй ꙟ҆ Че́рюрй: ᲃ︀фн҃цѣ́скъсе Нꙋ́меле тъ́ꙋ: ві́е ꙟ҆пъръці́ѧ та̀: фі́е во́ѧ та̀, прекꙋ́мь ꙟ҆ Че́рю̆ шѝ пре пъмѫ́нть. Пѫ́йнѣ но́астръ чѣ̀ ᲁепꙋ́рꙋрѣ ᲁъ́не но́аѡ а҆́стъꙁй. Шѝ не ꙗ҆́ртъ но́аѡ греша́леле но́астре, прекꙋ́мь шѝ но́й є҆ртъ́мь греши́цилѡрь но́щри. Ши́ нꙋ́не ᲁꙋ́че пре но́й ꙟ҆ и҆спи́тъ. Чѝ не и҆ꙁбъвѣ́ще ᲁе че́ль ръ́ꙋ. 
} \\
\end{churchslavonic}

\noindent And here is an example of the Lord's Prayer in Aleut Cyrillic: \\

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\slv \large
Тꙋмани́нъ А́даԟъ! А҆́манъ акꙋ́х̑тхинъ и́нинъ кꙋ́ҥинъ, А́са́нъ амчꙋг̑а́сѧ́да́г̑та, Аҥали́нъ а҆ԟа́г̑та, Анꙋхтана́тхинъ малга́г̑танъ и́нимъ кꙋ́ганъ ка́юхъ та́намъ кꙋ́ганъ. Ԟалга́дамъ анꙋхтана̀ ҥи̑нъ аԟача́ ꙋ̆а҆ѧ́мъ: ка́юхъ тꙋма́нинъ а́д̑ꙋнъ ҥи̑нъ игни́да, а҆ма́кꙋнъ тꙋ́манъ ка́юхъ малгалиги́нъ ҥи̑нъ ад̑ꙋг̑и́нанъ игнида́кꙋнъ: ка́юхъ тꙋ́манъ сꙋглатачх̑и́г̑анах̑тхинъ, та́г̑а ад̑алю́дамъ илѧ́нъ тꙋ́манъ аг̑г̑ича.
} \\
\end{churchslavonic}

\noindent And here is an example of the Lord's Prayer in Yakut (Sakha): \\

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\slv \large
Халланнаръ юрдюлѧригѧрь баръ агабытъ бисенѧ ! Свѧтейдѧннинь а̄тыҥъ эенѧ ; кѧллинь царстваҥъ эенѧ ; сирь юрдюгѧрь кёҥюлюҥь эенѧ , халланъ юрдюгѧрь курдукъ боллунъ ; бюгюҥю кюннѧги асыръ аспытынъ бисенинь кулу бисеха бюгюнь ; бисиги да естѧрбитинь халларъ бисеха , хайтахъ бисиги да халларабытъ беэбить естѧхтѧрбитигѧрь ; килѧримѧ да бисигини альԫархайга ; хата быса бисигини албынтанъ .
} \\
\end{churchslavonic}

\noindent Here is an example using the Typicon symbols from Nikita Syrnikov's book {\slv Клю́чъ къ церко́вномꙋ ᲂу҆ста́вꙋ}:

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\slv \large
і\textcolor{red}{і}꙼̇ ⧟̇҃ іѡа́ннꙋ і̲꙼ на лиⷮ бл҃жеⷩ҇, па́влꙋ пѣⷭ҇ г҃. а і҆оа́ннꙋ ѕ҃.

и᷷͏҃і і\textcolor{red}{і}꙼̇ ⧟̲̇҃ кири́лꙋ і̲꙼ коⷣ и҆ и҆́коⷭ҇ о҆́бщїй и҆ коⷣ а҆фана́сїю.

д҃ 🤉 іі̲ и҆си́дорꙋ ⹇ гео́ргїю кири́лѣ ⹉

}
\end{churchslavonic}

\subsection{Font Features}

Ponomar Unicode places some characters in the Private Use Area (PUA).
For the general PUA mappings, please see the
\href{http://www.ponomar.net/files/pua_policy.pdf}{PUA Allocation Policy}.

In addition to the general PUA mappings, some characters have been
allocated the open range section of the PUA. These are:

\begin{itemize}
\item U+F400 \textendash{} Alternatives of SMP glyphs: This section contains copies in the BMP of SMP glyphs for support in legacy applications. Currently, the following are available: U+F400 - U+F405 \textendash{} Typicon symbols (copies of U+1F540 through U+1F545)
\item U+F410 \textendash{} Presentation forms: Contains various presentation forms and ligatures used internally by the font. Generally, these are not intended to be called by users or external applications.
\item U+F420 \textendash{} Linguistic alternatives: Contains alternative shapes of glyphs that are language specific. Right now, these are modern punctuation shapes for use with Latin characters. These are not intended to be called externally.
\item U+F441 and on \textendash{} stylistic alternatives of Latin characters (Blackletter forms). These can be called via the Stylistic Set 2, but, if necessary, they may be called from the PUA directly. They are mapped to in the same order as in the Basic Latin block, beginning with U+F441 (for U+0041 Latin Capital Letter A). In addition to the Basic Latin repertoire, we also have: U+F4DE \textendash{} Blackletter Thorn; U+F4FE \textendash{} Lowercase Blackletter Thorn; and U+F575 \textendash{} Blackletter Long S
\end{itemize}

The font provides a number of ligatures, which are made by inserting the Zero Width Joiner (U+200D) between two characters. A list of ligatures is provided in Table~\ref{ligs1}.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Ligatures available in Ponomar Unicode \label{ligs1}}
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
Name	& Sequence	& Appearance \\
\hline
Ligature A-U	& U+0430 U+200D U+0443	& {\slv{\large а‍у}}	\\
Ligature El-U	& U+043B U+200D U+0443 & {\slv{\large л‍у}}	\\
Ligature Te-Ve	& U+0442 U+200D U+0432	& {\slv{\large т‍в}}	\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\noindent In OpenType, a number of Stylistic Alternatives are defined. They are listed in Table~\ref{salt1}.
In addition to additional decorative glyphs for the Symbol for Mark's Chapter,
the feature provides the alternate forms of the letter U+0423 U that look
exactly like U+A64A Uk (this usage is found in some publications),
and an alternative form for the U+0404 Wide Ye for use in contexts 
where it needs to be distinguished from U+0415 Ye (mostly in Ukrainian text
stylized in a Church Slavonic font).

\newfontfamily{\salt}[Alternate=0]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salta}[Alternate=1]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltb}[Alternate=2]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltc}[Alternate=3]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltd}[Alternate=4]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salte}[Alternate=5]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltf}[Alternate=6]{Ponomar Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltg}[Alternate=7]{Ponomar Unicode}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Stylistic Alternatives in Ponomar Unicode \label{salt1}}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc}
	& Base Form	& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Alternate Forms} \\
\hline
U+1F545	& {\slv{\large 🕅 }}	& {\salt\large 🕅} & {\salta\large 🕅} & {\saltb\large 🕅} & {\saltc\large 🕅}  \\
			&				& {\saltd\large 🕅} & {\salte\large 🕅} & {\saltf\large 🕅} & {\saltg\large 🕅} \\
U+0423		& {\slv\large У}	& {\salt\large У} \\
U+040E		& {\slv\large Ў}	& {\salt\large Ў} \\
U+0404		& {\slv\large Є}	& {\salt\large Є} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

For the Cyrillic letters, the stylistic alternatives feature also allows access
to truncated letter forms; the order of the alternate forms is always: lower truncation,
upper truncation, left truncation, right truncation. Table~\ref{trunc} demonstrates
which truncated forms are available. Generally speaking, truncation should
be handled automatically by desktop publishing software and \TeX{}, though
this is difficult to accomplish.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Truncated Forms Accessible via Stylistic Alternatives Feature
in Ponomar Unicode \label{trunc}}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc}
	& Base Form	& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Truncated Forms} \\
\hline
U+0440	& {\slv{\large р }}	& {\salt\large р} &  \\
U+0443  & {\slv{\large у }}	& {\salt\large у} &  \\
U+0444  & {\slv{\large ф }}	& {\salt\large ф} & {\salta\large ф} \\
U+0445  & {\slv{\large х}}	& {\salt\large х} & {\salta\large х} & {\saltb\large х}  \\
U+0446  & {\slv{\large ц }}	& {\salt\large ц} &  \\
U+0449  & {\slv{\large щ }}	& {\salt\large щ} &  \\
U+0471  & {\slv{\large ѱ }}	& {\salt\large ѱ} &  {\salta\large ѱ}\\
U+A641  & {\slv{\large ꙁ }}	& {\salt\large ꙁ} &  \\
U+A64B  & {\slv{\large ꙋ }}	& {\salt\large ꙋ} & {\salta\large ꙋ} & {\saltb\large ꙋ} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\noindent There is also defined Stylistic Set 2 (``ss02''), Blackletter forms.
When this stylistic set is turned on, 
Latin letters appear in blackletter as opposed to their modern forms.
This is useful for setting Latin text side-by-side with Slavonic in
some contexts. See the following example:

\newfontfamily{\blackletter}[StylisticSet=2]{Ponomar Unicode}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
Regular &
{\slv \large The quick brown fox. 1234567890. А҆ сїѐ по слове́нски. } \\
Blackletter & 
{\blackletter \large The quick brown fox. 1234567890. А҆ сїѐ по слове́нски. } \\
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

\noindent Note that as of version 2.0 of the font, the ASCII digits (commonly called
``Arabic numerals'') are provided in roman form. Use Stylistic Set 2 to access
the blackletter forms, if necessary.

\subsection{SIL Graphite Features}

\newfontfamily{\graph}[Renderer=Graphite]{Ponomar Unicode TT}

The SIL Graphite features in the font provide the same functionality
as the OpenType features. This is mostly of interest to users of
LibreOffice, which lacks support for stylistic alternatives and 
stylistic sets but can access Graphite features (see above).

The ``Symbol for Mark's Chapter'' (``mark'') feature provides alternatives
for the U+1F545 Symbol for Marks Chapter, much like the salt feature in OpenType. 
The following values produce the results given in Table~\ref{ponograph}.

\newfontfamily{\graphA}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 1}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphB}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 2}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphC}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 3}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphD}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 4}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphE}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 5}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphF}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 6}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphG}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 7}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphH}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 8}]{Ponomar Unicode TT}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Values of the Symbol for Mark's Chapter (``mark'') Feature in Ponomar Unicode \label{ponograph}}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline
	& Base form	& Alternative 1	& Alternative 2	& Alternative 3	\\
U+1F545	& {\graph{\large 🕅 }}	& {\graphA{\large 🕅}} & {\graphB{\large 🕅}} & {\graphC{\large 🕅}} \\
& Alternative 4	& Alternative 5	& Alternative 6	& Alternative 7 \\
& {\graphD{\large 🕅}} & {\graphE{\large 🕅}} & {\graphF{\large 🕅}} & {\graphG{\large 🕅}} \\
	& Alternative 8 \\
& {\graphH{\large 🕅}} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\noindent The following additional Graphite features are provided (with
the exception of the ``hyph'' feature, they duplicate the functionality
of OpenType features):

\begin{itemize}
\item The ``Truncation'' feature (``trnc'') provides the same functionality
as stylistic alternatives (for truncation) above. The possible values are:
\verb+1+ (lower truncation), \verb+2+ (upper truncation),
\verb+3+ (left truncation) and \verb+4+ (right truncation).

\item The ``Use blackletter characters for Latin'' feature (``blck'')
provides the same functionality as Stylistic Set 2 in OpenType (see above).
Possible values are |0| (no) and |1| (yes).

\item The ``Use alternative form of U'' feature (``altu'')
provides the alternative forms of the letter U+0423 U that look
exactly like U+A64A Uk. Possible values are |0| (no) and |1| (yes).

\item The ``Cyrillic i has dot'' feature (``doti'')
provides a localized form of U+0456 Cyrillic I for use in Ukrainian
text. Possible values are |0| (no) and |1| (yes).

\item The ``Use underscore for hyphenation'' feature (``hyph'')
replaces all instances of U+002D Hyphen-Minus and U+2010 Hyphen
with U+005F Low Line (underscore) for use as a hyphenation
character. This is meant as a workaround to 
\href{https://bugs.documentfoundation.org/show_bug.cgi?id=85731}
{LibreOffice Bug 85731}, which does not allow you to specify
the hyphenation character in LibreOffice.
Possible values are |0| (no) and |1| (yes). Please note that this
feature will be deprecated once the necessary functionality is 
added to LibreOffice.
\end{itemize}

\section{Fedorovsk Unicode}

Fedorovsk Unicode is based on the Fedorovsk font designed by Nikita Simmons.
It has been re-encoded for Unicode, with added OpenType and Graphite features
by Aleksandr Andreev. The Fedorovsk typeface is supposed to reproduce the typeface
of the printed editions of Ivan Fedorov produced in Moscow, for example, the
Apostol of 1564. The font is intended primarily for typesetting pre-Nikonian (Old Rite)
liturgical texts or for working with such texts in an academic context.

\subsection{Sample Texts}
\newfontfamily{\right}[StylisticSet=1]{Fedorovsk Unicode}

\subsubsection{Apostol of Ivan Fedorov}

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\Large \right
\textcolor{red}{П}е́рвᲂе ᲂу҆́бо︀ сло́во︀ сᲂтвᲂри́хъ о҆ всѣ́хъ , ѽ , ѳео҆́филе , о҆ ниⷯже начѧ́тъ і︮с︯ , твᲂри́тиже и҆ ᲂу҆чи́ти . д︀о︀ него́же дн҃е , запᲂвѣ́д︀авъ а҆пⷭ҇лᲂмъ дх҃ᲂмъ ст҃ыⷨ , и҆́хже и҆ꙁбра̀ вᲂзнесе́сѧ . преⷣ ни́миже и҆ пᲂста́ви себѐ жи́ва по страд︀а́нїи свᲂе҆́мъ . во︀ мно́зехъ и҆́стинныхъ зна́менїи҆хъ . дн҃ьми четы́ридесѧтьми ꙗ҆влѧ́ꙗсѧ и҆́мъ и҆ гл҃ѧ ꙗ҆́же о҆ црⷭ҇твїи бж҃їи . сни́миже и҆ ꙗ҆д︀ы̀ , пᲂвелѣва́ше и҆́мъ ѿ і҆е҆рᲂсали́ма не ѿлꙋча́тисѧ . но̑ жда́ти о҆бѣтᲂва́нїе ѿч︮е︯е , е҆́же слы́шасте ѿ́ менѐ . ꙗ҆́кѡ і҆ѡ҃а́ннъ ᲂу҆́бо︀ крⷭ҇ти́лъ е҆́сть вᲂдо́ю . вы́же и҆́мате крести́тисѧ дх҃ᲂмъ ст҃ы́мъ , не по мно́ꙁѣхъ си́хъ д︀︮н︯еⷯ .
}
\end{churchslavonic}

\subsubsection{Flowery Triodion}
\newfontfamily{\left}[StylisticSet=2]{Fedorovsk Unicode}

\begin{churchslavonic}
{\Large \left
\textcolor{red}{стⷯры па́сцѣ . гла́съ , є҃ .} Д\textcolor{red}{а вᲂскрⷭ҇нетъ бг҃ъ ,꙳ и҆ разы́дꙋтсѧ вразѝ є҆гѡ̀ .}
Па́сха сщ҃е́ннаѧ на́мъ дне́сь пᲂказа́сѧ , па́сха но́ва ст҃а́ѧ , па́сха таи́нственнаѧ , па́сха всечестна́ѧ , па́сха хрⷭ҇та̀ и҆зба́вителѧ , па́сха непᲂро́чнаѧ , па́сха вели́каѧ , па́сха вѣ́рнымъ , па́сха двѣ́ри ра́йскїѧ на́мъ ѿверза́ющаѧ , па́сха всѣ́хъ ѡ҆сщ҃а́ющаѧ вѣ́рныхъ .
}
\end{churchslavonic}

\subsection{OpenType Features}

The font provides a number of ligatures, which are made by inserting the Zero Width Joiner (U+200D) between two characters. A list of ligatures is provided in Table~\ref{ligs2}.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Ligatures available in Fedorovsk Unicode \label{ligs2}}
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
Name	& Sequence	& Appearance \\
\hline
Ligature A-U	& U+0430 U+200D U+0443	& {\left{\large а‍у}}	\\
Ligature El-U	& U+043B U+200D U+0443 & {\left{\large л‍у}}	\\
Ligature A-Izhitsa & U+0430 U+200D U+0475	& {\left{\large а‍ѵ}}	\\
Ligature El-Izhitsa & U+043B U+200D U+075 & {\left{\large л‍ѵ}}	\\
Ligature Te-Ve	& U+0442 U+200D U+0432	& {\left{\large т‍в}}	\\
Ligature Er-Yat	& U+0440 U+200D U+0463 & {\left{\large р‍ѣ}}	\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\noindent In OpenType, a number of Stylistic Alternatives are defined.
They are listed in Table~\ref{salt2}. In addition to providing alternative
glyph shapes for U+1F545 Symbol for Mark's Chapter, they allow you
to control the positioning of diacritical marks over certain letters.

\newfontfamily{\glyphfont}{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salt}[Alternate=0]{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salta}[Alternate=1]{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltb}[Alternate=2]{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltc}[Alternate=3]{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltd}[Alternate=4]{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salte}[Alternate=5]{Fedorovsk Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltf}[Alternate=6]{Fedorovsk Unicode}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Stylistic Alternatives in Fedorovsk Unicode \label{salt2}}
\begin{tabular}{lcccccccc}
	& Base Form	& \multicolumn{7}{c}{Alternate Forms} \\
\hline
U+0404	& {\glyphfont{\large Є}} & {\salt\large Є} \\
U+0426	& {\glyphfont{\large Ц}} & {\salt\large Ц} \\
U+0491	& {\glyphfont{\large ґ}} & {\salt\large ґ} \\
U+A64C	& {\glyphfont{\large Ꙍ}} & {\salt\large Ꙍ} \\
U+047C	& {\glyphfont{\large Ѽ}} & {\salt\large Ѽ} \\
U+047E	& {\glyphfont{\large Ѿ}} & {\salt\large Ѿ} \\
U+047F	& {\glyphfont{\large ѿ}} & {\salt\large ѿ} \\
U+1F545	& {\glyphfont{\large 🕅 }}	& {\salt\large 🕅} & {\salta\large 🕅} & {\saltb\large 🕅} & {\saltc\large 🕅}  & {\saltd\large 🕅} & {\salte\large 🕅} & {\saltf\large 🕅} \\
U+0463 U+0486	& {\glyphfont{\large ѣ҆}} & {\salt\large ѣ҆}  \\
U+0463 U+0300	& {\glyphfont{\large ѣ̀}} & {\salt\large ѣ̀} & {\salta\large ѣ̀} \\
U+0463 U+0301	& {\glyphfont{\large ѣ́}} & {\salt\large ѣ́} & {\salta\large ѣ́} \\
U+0463 U+0311	& {\glyphfont{\large ѣ̑}} & {\salt\large ѣ̑} & {\salta\large ѣ̑} \\
U+0463 U+0486 U+0301	& {\glyphfont{\large ѣ҆́}} & {\salt\large ѣ҆́}  \\
U+A64B U+0486	& {\glyphfont{\large ꙋ҆}} & {\salt\large ꙋ҆}  \\
U+A64B U+0300	& {\glyphfont{\large ꙋ̀}} & {\salt\large ꙋ̀} & {\salta\large ꙋ̀} \\
U+A64B U+0301	& {\glyphfont{\large ꙋ́}} & {\salt\large ꙋ́} & {\salta\large ꙋ́} \\
U+A64B U+0311	& {\glyphfont{\large ꙋ̑}} & {\salt\large ꙋ̑} & {\salta\large ꙋ̑} & {\saltb\large ꙋ̑} \\
U+A64B U+0486 U+0301	& {\glyphfont{\large ꙋ҆́}} & {\salt\large ꙋ҆́}  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Additionally, three stylistic sets have been defined in the font.
Stylistic set 1 (``Right-side accents'') positions the accents over the Yat
and the Uk on the right side and Stylistic set 2 (``Left-side accents'')
positions the accents over the Yat and the Uk on the left side.
These stylistic sets are useful when a text uses one of
these positionings throughout. Stylistic set 10 (``Equal Baseline Variants'')
sets the capital letters on the same baseline as the
lowercase letters (useful for working with the font
in an academic context where the traditionally lowered
baseline of uppercase letters can cause vertical spacing
issues when working with text that is both in Latin and
Cyrillic scripts). Here is an example:

\newfontfamily{\base}[StylisticSet=10]{Fedorovsk Unicode}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ll}
{\large \glyphfont Хрⷭ҇то́съ вᲂскр҃се и҆з̾ ме́ртвыхъ} & (regular text) \\
{\large \base Хрⷭ҇то́съ вᲂскр҃се и҆з̾ ме́ртвыхъ} & (Stylistic Set 10 enabled) \\
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Graphite Features}

The stylistic alternatives of the Mark's Chapter symbol,
the Letter Ge with Upturn, and the letters Ye, Tse,
and Omega have been duplicated as Graphite features in
the TTF version of the font, with names ``Symbol for Mark's Chapter'',
``Ye'', ``Tse'', ``Ghe'', and ``Omega'' respectively.
For the alternatives of the Mark's Chapter symbol, the values of the
property are assigned to correspond with the 
\href{http://www.ponomar.net/files/pua_policy.pdf}
{Private Use Area Allocation Policy} and other fonts. The Graphite
features are demonstrated in Table~\ref{fedorgraph}.

\newfontfamily{\graph}[Renderer=Graphite]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphA}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 1}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphB}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 2}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphC}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 3}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphD}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 4}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphE}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 7}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphF}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 8}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphG}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Symbol for Mark's Chapter=Alternative 9}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphYe}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Ye=Alternative 1}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphTse}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Tse=Alternative 1}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphGhe}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Ghe=Alternative 1}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphOmega}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Omeg=Alternative 1}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}
\newfontfamily{\graphOt}[Renderer=Graphite, RawFeature={Ot=Alternative 1}]{Fedorovsk Unicode TT}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Alternatives via Graphite Features in Fedorovsk Unicode \label{fedorgraph}}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline
	& Base form	& Alternative 1	& Alternative 2	& Alternative 3	\\
U+0404	& {\graph{\large Є }} & {\graphYe\large Є} \\
U+0426	& {\graph{\large Ц}} & {\graphTse\large Ц} \\
U+0491	& {\graph{\large ґ}} & {\graphGhe\large ґ} \\
U+A64C	& {\graph{\large Ꙍ}} & {\graphOmega\large Ꙍ} \\
U+047C	& {\graph{\large Ѽ}} & {\graphOmega\large Ѽ} \\
U+047E	& {\graph{\large Ѿ}} & {\graphOt\large Ѿ} \\
U+047F	& {\graph{\large ѿ}} & {\graphOt\large ѿ} \\
U+1F545	& {\graph{\large 🕅 }}	& {\graphA{\large 🕅}} & {\graphB{\large 🕅}} & {\graphC{\large 🕅}}  \\
	& 	& Alternative 4	& Alternative 7	& Alternative 8	  \\
	&	& {\graphD{\large 🕅}} & {\graphE{\large 🕅}} & {\graphF{\large 🕅}} \\
	&	& Alternative 9 \\
	&	& {\graphG{\large 🕅}} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\noindent Two additional Graphite features are defined: ``Accent Positions'',
with values ``left'' and ``right'', which mimics the behavior
of stylistic sets 1 and 2; and ``Equal Baseline'' (with value ``yes''),
which mimics the behavior of Stylistic Set 10.

\section{Menaion Unicode}

The Menaion typeface is supposed to be used for working with text
of Ustav-era manuscripts. It contains the full repertoire of necessary
Cyrillic and Glagolitic glyphs as well as glyphs of Byzantine Ecphonetic
notation of the kind used in Cyrillic or Glagolitic manuscripts.

The Menaion font was originally designed by Victor A. Baranov at
\href{http://www.manuscripts.ru/}{the Manuscript Project}. It was
re-encoded for Unicode by Aleksandr Andreev with permission of the original author.

\newfontfamily{\glyphfont}{Menaion Unicode}

\subsection{Sample Texts}

Samples of text in Menaion Unicode are presented in Figures~\ref{men1}
and \ref{men2}. Please note that combining Glagolitic letters
(Glagolitic Supplement)
will become available in Unicode 9.0. In Microsoft products, correct
glyph positioning for these characters using OpenType features is
currently not possible. To achieve the desired output, you will need
to use LibreOffice, \XeTeX{}, \LuaTeX{}, or advanced desktop
publishing software such as Adobe InDesign.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Cyrillic text from the Ostromir Gospels (11th century) \label{men1}}
\begin{tabular}{lr}
 1& {\Large \glyphfont    Искони бѣ слово } \\
 2& {\Large \glyphfont    и слово бѣ отъ  } \\
 3& {\Large \glyphfont   б҃а и б҃ъ бѣ} \\ 
 4& {\Large \glyphfont    слово  𝀏̃  се бѣ} \\ 
 5& {\Large \glyphfont    искони оу} \\ 
 6& {\Large \glyphfont    б҃а  ⁘  и тѣмь в̇са бꙑ-} \\ 
 7& {\Large \glyphfont    шѧ  𝀏̃  и беꙁ него ни-} \\ 
 8& {\Large \glyphfont    чьтоже не бꙑсть  ·} \\ 
 9& {\Large \glyphfont   ѥже бꙑсть  𝀏̃  въ то-} \\ 
10& {\Large \glyphfont    мь животъ бѣ  ·  и} \\ 
 1& {\Large \glyphfont    животъ бѣ свѣтъ} \\ 
 2& {\Large \glyphfont    чловѣкомъ  𝀏̃  и свѣ-} \\ 
 3& {\Large \glyphfont    тъ въ тьмѣ свьти-} \\ 
 4& {\Large \glyphfont    тьсѧ  ·  и тьма ѥго} \\ 
 5& {\Large \glyphfont    не обѧтъ  𝀏̃  бꙑсть} \\ 
 6& {\Large \glyphfont    члв҃къ посъланъ} \\ 
 7& {\Large \glyphfont    отъ б҃а  ·  имѧ ѥмоу} \\ 
 8& {\Large \glyphfont    иоанъ  𝀏̃  тъ приде} \\ 
 9& {\Large \glyphfont    въ съвѣдѣтель-} \\ 
10& {\Large \glyphfont    ство  ·  да съвѣдѣте-} \\ 
2.2  1& {\Large \glyphfont    льствоуѥть о свѣ-} \\ 
 2& {\Large \glyphfont    тѣ  𝀏̃  да вьси вѣрѫ} \\ 
 3& {\Large \glyphfont    имѫть имь  ⁘  не бѣ} \\ 
 4& {\Large \glyphfont    тъ свѣтъ  ⁘  нъ да} \\ 
 5& {\Large \glyphfont    съвѣдѣтельствоу-} \\ 
 6& {\Large \glyphfont    ѥть о свѣтѣ  𝀏̃̑ бѣ} \\ 
 7& {\Large \glyphfont    свѣтъ истиньнꙑ-} \\ 
 8& {\Large \glyphfont    и  ·  иже просвѣщаѥ-} \\ 
 9& {\Large \glyphfont    ть в́сꙗкого чл҃ка  ⸴} \\ 
10& {\Large \glyphfont   грѧдѫща въ миръ  𝀏̃̑} \\ 
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Glagolitic text from Codex Assemanius (11th century) \label{men2}}
\begin{tabular}{lr}
1 & {\Large \glyphfont   ⁘ ⰅⰂⰀ𞀌҇   ⰙⰕ҇   ⰋⰉ҇Ⱁ } \\
 2 & {\Large \glyphfont  Ⰻⱄⰽⱁⱀⰹ ⰱⱑ } \\
 3 & {\Large \glyphfont       ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ  · } \\
 4 & {\Large \glyphfont      ⰻ ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ } \\
 5 & {\Large \glyphfont       ⰱⱑ ⱋ̔ ⰱⰰ  · } \\
 6 & {\Large \glyphfont      ⰻ ⰱ͞ⱏ ⰱⱑ } \\
 7 & {\Large \glyphfont      ⱄⰾⱁⰲⱁ  · } \\
 8 & {\Large \glyphfont   Ⱄⰵ ⰱⱑ ⰻ̔ⱄⰽⱁ- } \\
 9 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱀⰻ  ·  ⱋ̔ ⰱ꙯ⰰ  ·  ⰲⱐ- } \\
10 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱄⱑ ⱅⱑⰿⱏ ⰱⱏⰻ- } \\
11 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱎⱔ  ·  Ⰻ̔ ⰱⰵⰶ ⱀⰵⰳⱁ } \\
12 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱀⰹⱍⰵⱄⱁⰶⰵ } \\
13 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱀⰵ ⰱⱏⰻⱄⱅⱏ  ·  ⰵ̔- } \\
14 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⰶⰵ ⰱⱏⱄⱅⱏ  · } \\
15 & {\Large \glyphfont    Ⰲⱏ ⱅⱁⰿⱏ ⰶⰹⰲⱁ- } \\
16 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱅⱏ ⰱⱑ  ·  ⰻ ⰶⰹⰲⱁ- } \\
17 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱅⱏ ⰱⱑ ⱄⰲⱑⱅⱏ } \\
18 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱍⰾ҃ⰽⰿⱏ  ·  ⰻ̔ ⱄⰲⱁⱑ } \\
19 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⰲⱏ ⱅⱐⰿⱑ ⱄⰲⱏ- } \\
20 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⱅⰹⱅⱏ ⱄⱔ  ·  ⰻ ⱅⱐ- } \\
21 & {\Large \glyphfont     ⰿⰰ ⰵ̔ⰳⱁ ⱀⰵ ⱁ̔ⰱⱔⱅ } \\
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Provided Ligatures}

The font provides a number of ligatures, which are made
by inserting the Zero Width Joiner (U+200D) between two
characters. The list of ligatures is provided in Table~\ref{menligs}.
The ligatures may be processed using either OpenType or
SIL Graphite.

\newfontfamily{\graph}[Renderer=Graphite]{Menaion Unicode TT}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Ligatures available in the Menaion Unicode font \label{menligs}}
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
Name	& Sequence	& Appearance \\
\hline
Small Ligature I-Ye &	U+0438 U+200D U+0435 	& {\glyphfont{\large и‍е }} \\
Small Ligature En-I	&	U+043d U+200D U+0438 	& {\graph{\large н‍и }} \\
Small Ligature En-Small Yus	& U+043d U+200D U+0467 	& {\glyphfont{\large н‍ѧ }} \\
Small Ligature Es-Ve	&	U+0441 U+200D U+0432 	& {\glyphfont{\large с‍в }} \\
Small Ligature Te-Er	&	U+0442 U+200D U+0440 	& {\glyphfont{\large т‍р }} \\
Capital Litagure A-U	& 	U+0410 U+200D U+0423 	& {\glyphfont{\large А‍У }} \\
Small Ligature A-U	&	U+0430 U+200D U+0443 	& {\glyphfont{\large а‍у }} \\
Small Ligature A-Te		&	U+0430 U+200D U+0442 	& {\glyphfont{\large а‍т }} \\
Capital Ligature I-Ye	&	U+0418 U+200D U+0415 	& {\glyphfont{\large И‍Е }} \\
Capital Ligature El-Ge		&	U+041b U+200D U+0413 	& {\glyphfont{\large Л‍Г }} \\
Small Ligature El-Ge		&	U+043b U+200D U+0433 	& {\glyphfont{\large л‍г }} \\
Capital Ligature En-I	&	U+041d U+200D U+0418 	& {\glyphfont{\large Н‍И }} \\
Capital Ligature En-Small Yus	&	U+041d U+200D U+0466 	& {\graph{\large Н‍Ѧ }} \\
Capital Ligature Es-Ve		&	U+0421 U+200D U+0412 	& {\glyphfont{\large С‍В }} \\
Small Ligature Te-Yat		&	U+0442 U+200D U+0463 	& {\glyphfont{\large т‍ѣ }} \\
Capital Ligature Te-Ve	&	U+0422 U+200D U+0412	& {\glyphfont{\large Т‍В }} \\
Small Ligature Te-Ve		&	U+0442 U+200D U+0432	& {\glyphfont{\large т‍в }} \\
Capital Ligature Te-I		&	U+0422 U+200D U+0418 	& {\glyphfont{\large Т‍И }} \\
Small Ligature Te-I		&	U+0442 U+200D U+0438 	& {\glyphfont{\large т‍и }} \\
Capital Ligature Te-Er		&	U+0422 U+200D U+0420 	& {\glyphfont{\large Т‍Р }} \\
Ligature Capital A-Small Te	&	U+0410 U+200D U+0442 	& {\glyphfont{\large А‍т }} \\
Capital Ligature Te-Soft Sign	&	U+0422 U+200D U+042c 	& {\glyphfont{\large Т‍Ь }} \\
Small Ligature Te-Soft Sign	&	U+0442 U+200D U+044c 	& ‍{\graph{\large т‍ь }} \\
Small Ligature Te-A		&	U+0442 U+200D U+0430 	& {\glyphfont{\large т‍а }} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Pomorsky Unicode}

The Pomorsky Unicode font is a close (idealized)
reproduction of the decorative calligraphic style of book and chapter titles,
which was most likely developed in the 1700's by the scribes of the Old Ritualist
Vyg River Hermitage (Выговская пустынь). 
It is seen extensively in the chant manuscripts, liturgical manuscripts,
hagiographic and polemical works of the Pomortsy and Fedoseyevtsy communities,
and is a traditional and ``organic'' style of lettering lacking any obvious influence
from western European and Latin typography.
The Pomorsky typeface was originally designed by Nikita Simmons.
It was edited and re-encoded for Unicode by Aleksandr Andreev.
It is intended for use with
\emph{bukvitsi} (drop caps) and decorative titling.

Several versions of many glyphs are provided in the font.
The ornate forms of the letters are default and provided at the uppercase
Cyrillic codepoints; they should be used as much as possible.
Simpler forms can be used whenever the letters need a less ornate appearance,
or when diacritics might conflict with the ornamentation
(or when the ornamentation of one character will conflict with
the ornamentation of another); these simple forms are available as
\verb+Stylistic Set 1+ or as the Graphite feature ``Use simple forms''
(\verb+smpl+). There are a few additional characters that are stylistic
variants, which are provided as Stylistic Alternatives (\verb+salt+)
or as the Graphite feature ``Alternates'' (\verb+salt+).
Since the font is intended for drop caps and titling, lowercase
characters are not available.

\newfontfamily{\glyphfont}{Pomorsky Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\simple}[StylisticSet=1]{Pomorsky Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salt}[Alternate=0]{Pomorsky Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\salta}[Alternate=1]{Pomorsky Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltb}[Alternate=2]{Pomorsky Unicode}
\newfontfamily{\saltc}[Alternate=3]{Pomorsky Unicode}

The base form, the ``simple'' form, and any stylistic alternatives of 
a character are demonstrated in Table~\ref{pomor}.

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Character shapes provided by Pomorsky Unicode \label{pomor}}
{\fontsize{38pt}{1.5em}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
	{\glyphfont А}{\simple А}{\salt А}	& {\glyphfont Б}{\simple Б} & {\glyphfont В}{\simple В} & {\glyphfont Г}{\simple Г} \\

	{\glyphfont Е}{\simple Е}	& {\glyphfont Ж}{\simple Ж} & {\glyphfont Ѕ}{\simple Ѕ} & {\glyphfont З}{\simple З} \\
	
	{\glyphfont И}{\simple И}	& {\glyphfont Й}{\simple Й} & {\glyphfont І}{\simple І} & {\glyphfont Ї}{\simple Ї} \\

	{\glyphfont К}{\simple К}{\salt К}	& {\glyphfont Л}{\simple Л} & {\glyphfont М}{\simple М} & {\glyphfont Н}{\simple Н} \\

	{\glyphfont О}{\simple О}	& {\glyphfont Ѻ}{\simple Ѻ} & {\glyphfont П}{\simple П} & {\glyphfont Р}{\simple Р}{\salt Р} \\

	{\glyphfont С}{\simple С}	& {\glyphfont Т}{\simple Т} & {\glyphfont ОУ}{\simple ОУ} & {\glyphfont Ꙋ}{\simple Ꙋ} \\

	{\glyphfont Ф}{\simple Ф}	& {\glyphfont Х}{\simple Х} & {\glyphfont Ѡ}{\simple Ѡ} & {\glyphfont Ѽ}{\simple Ѽ} \\

	{\glyphfont Ѿ}{\simple Ѿ}	& {\glyphfont Ц}{\simple Ц} & {\glyphfont Ч}{\simple Ч} & {\glyphfont Ш}{\simple Ш} \\

	{\glyphfont Щ}{\simple Щ}	& {\glyphfont Ъ}{\simple Ъ} & {\glyphfont Ы}{\simple Ы} & {\glyphfont Ь}{\simple Ь} \\

	{\glyphfont Ѣ}{\simple Ѣ}	& {\glyphfont Ю}{\simple Ю} & {\glyphfont Ꙗ}{\simple Ꙗ}{\salt Ꙗ} & {\glyphfont Ѧ}{\simple Ѧ} \\

	{\glyphfont Ѯ}{\simple Ѯ}	& {\glyphfont Ѱ}{\simple Ѱ} & {\glyphfont Ѳ}{\simple Ѳ} & {\glyphfont Ѵ}{\simple Ѵ} \\
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}

\subsection{Sample Texts}

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c}
{\fontsize{48pt}{2em} \glyphfont ЧИ́НЪ ВЕЧЕ́РНИ.} \\
{\fontsize{48pt}{2em} \simple ЧИ́НЪ ВЕЧЕ́РНИ.} \\
{\fontsize{48pt}{2em} \glyphfont СѶНѠ́ДИКЪ.} \\
{\fontsize{48pt}{2em} \simple СѶНѠ́ДИКЪ.} \\
{\fontsize{48pt}{2em} \simple\salt СѶНѠ́ДИКЪ.} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\section{Known Issues}

Here are some known issues:

\begin{itemize}

\item Kerning is not available for Latin characters in any of the fonts.
Since it is not expected for these fonts to be heavily used to typeset Latin
text, this issue is not a very high priority for resolution.

\item Ponomar Unicode has Graphite-based kerning for Cyrillic 
characters starting in version 2.0, but it is defective. In particular,
inserting a diacritical mark will break the kerning between two letters.
This will be fixed in version 2.1.

\item Kerning is not available in the Graphite version of 
Pomorsky Unicode.

\end{itemize}

\noindent There may be other issues, but before reporting such issues,
please check that your software properly supports OpenType and / or
SIL Graphite. We suggest checking for expected behavior in \XeTeX{}
or \LuaTeX{}.

\section{Credits}

The authors would like to thank the following people:

\begin{itemize}

\item Vladislav Dorosh, who allowed his
\href{http://irmologion.ru/fonts.html}{Hirmos} font to be re-encoded
in Unicode and modified, leading to the creation of the Ponomar font.

\item Viktor Baranov of the \href{http://www.manuscripts.ru/}{Manuscripts}
project, who allowed the re-encoding and modification of his Menaion font.

\item Michael Ivanovich for help in designing the characters for Sakha
(Yakut), partially taken from his Sakha UCS font.

\item Alexey Kryukov, who answered various questions about FontForge
and whose extensive documentation for the 
\href{https://github.com/akryukov/oldstand/}{Old Standard} font was 
consulted and partially reused.

\item Mike Kroutikov, who put together the \TeX{} package of the fonts.
\end{itemize}


%% PLACE SAMPLE AND CODECHARTS HERE


\end{document}