# $Id: DH.pm 1860 2005-06-11 06:15:44Z btrott $ package Crypt::DH; use strict; use Math::BigInt lib => "GMP,Pari"; our $VERSION = '0.06'; sub new { my $class = shift; my $dh = bless {}, $class; my %param = @_; for my $w (qw( p g priv_key )) { next unless exists $param{$w}; $dh->$w(delete $param{$w}); } die "Unknown parameters to constructor: " . join(", ", keys %param) if %param; $dh; } BEGIN { no strict 'refs'; for my $meth (qw( p g pub_key priv_key )) { *$meth = sub { my $key = shift; if (@_) { $key->{$meth} = _any2bigint(shift); } my $ret = $key->{$meth} || ""; $ret; }; } } sub _any2bigint { my($value) = @_; if (ref $value eq 'Math::BigInt') { return $value; } elsif (ref $value eq 'Math::Pari') { return Math::BigInt->new(Math::Pari::pari2pv($value)); } elsif (defined $value && !(ref $value)) { return Math::BigInt->new($value); } elsif (defined $value) { die "Unknown parameter type: $value\n"; } } sub generate_keys { my $dh = shift; unless (defined $dh->{priv_key}) { my $i = _bitsize($dh->{p}) - 1; $dh->{priv_key} = $Crypt::Random::VERSION ? Crypt::Random::makerandom_itv(Strength => 0, Uniform => 1, Lower => 1, Upper => $dh->{p} - 1) : _makerandom_itv($i, 1, $dh->{p} - 1); } $dh->{pub_key} = $dh->{g}->copy->bmodpow($dh->{priv_key}, $dh->{p}); } sub compute_key { my $dh = shift; my $pub_key = _any2bigint(shift); $pub_key->copy->bmodpow($dh->{priv_key}, $dh->{p}); } *compute_secret = \&compute_key; sub _bitsize { return length($_[0]->as_bin) - 2; } sub _makerandom_itv { my ($size, $min_inc, $max_exc) = @_; while (1) { my $r = _makerandom($size); return $r if $r >= $min_inc && $r < $max_exc; } } sub _makerandom { my $size = shift; my $bytes = int($size / 8) + ($size % 8 ? 1 : 0); my $rand; if (-e "/dev/urandom") { my $fh; open($fh, '/dev/urandom') or die "Couldn't open /dev/urandom"; my $got = sysread $fh, $rand, $bytes; die "Didn't read all bytes from urandom" unless $got == $bytes; close $fh; } else { for (1..$bytes) { $rand .= chr(int(rand(256))); } } my $bits = unpack("b*", $rand); die unless length($bits) >= $size; Math::BigInt->new('0b' . substr($bits, 0, $size)); } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Crypt::DH - Diffie-Hellman key exchange system =head1 SYNOPSIS use Crypt::DH; my $dh = Crypt::DH->new; $dh->g($g); $dh->p($p); ## Generate public and private keys. $dh->generate_keys; $my_pub_key = $dh->pub_key; ## Send $my_pub_key to "other" party, and receive "other" ## public key in return. ## Now compute shared secret from "other" public key. my $shared_secret = $dh->compute_secret( $other_pub_key ); =head1 DESCRIPTION I is a Perl implementation of the Diffie-Hellman key exchange system. Diffie-Hellman is an algorithm by which two parties can agree on a shared secret key, known only to them. The secret is negotiated over an insecure network without the two parties ever passing the actual shared secret, or their private keys, between them. =head1 THE ALGORITHM The algorithm generally works as follows: Party A and Party B choose a property I

and a property I; these properties are shared by both parties. Each party then computes a random private key integer I, where the length of I is at most (number of bits in I

) - 1. Each party then computes a public key based on I, I, and I

; the exact value is g ^ priv_key mod p The parties exchange these public keys. The shared secret key is generated based on the exchanged public key, the private key, and I

. If the public key of Party B is denoted I, then the shared secret is equal to pub_key_B ^ priv_key mod p The mathematical principles involved insure that both parties will generate the same shared secret key. More information can be found in PKCS #3 (Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Standard): http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/pkcs/pkcs-3/ =head1 USAGE I implements the core routines needed to use Diffie-Hellman key exchange. To actually use the algorithm, you'll need to start with values for I

and I; I

is a large prime, and I is a base which must be larger than 0 and less than I

. I uses I internally for big-integer calculations. All accessor methods (I

, I, I, and I) thus return I objects, as does the I method. The accessors, however, allow setting with a scalar decimal string, hex string (^0x), Math::BigInt object, or Math::Pari object (for backwards compatibility). =head2 $dh = Crypt::DH->new([ %param ]). Constructs a new I object and returns the object. I<%param> may include none, some, or all of the keys I

, I, and I. =head2 $dh->p([ $p ]) Given an argument I<$p>, sets the I

parameter (large prime) for this I object. Returns the current value of I

. (as a Math::BigInt object) =head2 $dh->g([ $g ]) Given an argument I<$g>, sets the I parameter (base) for this I object. Returns the current value of I. =head2 $dh->generate_keys Generates the public and private key portions of the I object, assuming that you've already filled I

and I with appropriate values. If you've provided a priv_key, it's used, otherwise a random priv_key is created using either Crypt::Random (if already loaded), or /dev/urandom, or Perl's rand, in that order. =head2 $dh->compute_secret( $public_key ) Given the public key I<$public_key> of Party B (the party with which you're performing key negotiation and exchange), computes the shared secret key, based on that public key, your own private key, and your own large prime value (I

). The historical method name "compute_key" is aliased to this for compatibility. =head2 $dh->priv_key([ $priv_key ]) Returns the private key. Given an argument I<$priv_key>, sets the I parameter for this I object. =head2 $dh->pub_key Returns the public key. =head1 AUTHOR & COPYRIGHT Benjamin Trott, ben@rhumba.pair.com Brad Fitzpatrick, brad@danga.com Except where otherwise noted, Crypt::DH is Copyright 2001 Benjamin Trott. All rights reserved. Crypt::DH is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut