%% file: TXSsymb.tex - Special Symbols - TeXsis version 2.18 %% @(#) $Id: TXSsymb.tex,v 18.0 1999/07/09 17:24:29 myers Exp $ %======================================================================* % EXTENDED MATH SYMBOLS FOR PHYSICS % % This file defines extensions to the symbols in Plain TeX which % are generally useful for physics papers, especially (but not only) for % high energy physics. See the comments for each definition. %-----------------------------------------------------------------------* \message{Extended math/physics symbols,} % Assorted special symbols: % Use \E{exponent} for scientific notation, in text or math mode \def\E#1{\hbox{$\times 10^{#1}$}} % ---------- Gradient, partial, laplacian, etc... \def\square{\hbox{{$\sqcup$}\llap{$\sqcap$}}} % box laplacian \def\grad{\nabla} % synonym for the gradient \def\del{\partial} % synonym for \partial % ---------- Fractions. \def\frac#1#2{{#1\over#2}} \def\smallfrac#1#2{{\scriptstyle {#1 \over #2}}} \def\half{\ifinner {\scriptstyle {1 \over 2}}% \else {\textstyle {1 \over 2}}\fi} % ---------- Bras, kets and vev's \def\bra#1{\langle#1\vert} % \bra{stuff} gives \def\vev#1{\langle{#1}\rangle} % \vev{stuff} gives % \simge and \simle make the "greater than about" and the "less % than about" symbols with spacing as relations. \therefore is the % three-dots-in-a-triangle symble for ``therefore'' \def\simge{% ``greater than about'' symbol \mathrel{\rlap{\raise 0.511ex \hbox{$>$}}{\lower 0.511ex \hbox{$\sim$}}}} \def\simle{% ``less than about'' symbol \mathrel{\rlap{\raise 0.511ex \hbox{$<$}}{\lower 0.511ex \hbox{$\sim$}}}} \def\gtsim{\simge} % synonym for \simge \def\ltsim{\simle} % synonym for \simle \def\therefore{% three-dot symbol for ``therefore'' \setbox0=\hbox{$.\kern.2em.$}\dimen0=\wd0 % \mathrel{\rlap{\raise.25ex\hbox to\dimen0{\hfil$\cdotp$\hfil}}% \copy0}} % \| gives a vertical bar appropriate to the context \def\|{\ifmmode\Vert\else \char`\|\fi} % the pound Sterling symbol, from the \it italic font \def\sterling{{\hbox{\it\char'44}}} % \degrees works in math or text mode. Eg. 90\degrees or 45\degree \def\degrees{\hbox{$^\circ$}} % the degrees symbol, $^\circ$ \def\degree{\degrees} % synonym % ---------- Functions -- all defined like \sin, etc. in Plain TeX: \def\real{\mathop{\rm Re}\nolimits} % Re for real part \def\imag{\mathop{\rm Im}\nolimits} % Im for imaginary part \def\tr{\mathop{\rm tr}\nolimits} % tr for trace \def\Tr{\mathop{\rm Tr}\nolimits} % Tr for functional trace \def\Det{\mathop{\rm Det}\nolimits} % Det for functional determinant \def\mod{\mathop{\rm mod}\nolimits} % mod for modulo \def\wrt{\mathop{\rm wrt}\nolimits} % wrt for with respect to \def\diag{\mathop{\rm diag}\nolimits} % diag for diagonal matrix % ---------- Abbreviations for units \def\TeV{{\rm TeV}} % 10^12 electron volts \def\GeV{{\rm GeV}} % 10^9 electron volts \def\MeV{{\rm MeV}} % 10^6 electron volts \def\keV{{\rm keV}} % 10^3 electron volts \def\eV{{\rm eV}} % 1 electron volt \def\Ry{{\rm Ry}} % Rydbergs \def\mb{{\rm mb}} % 10^-27 cm^2 \def\mub{\hbox{\rm $\mu$b}} % 10^-30 cm^2 \def\nb{{\rm nb}} % 10^-33 cm^2 \def\pb{{\rm pb}} % 10^-36 cm^2 \def\fb{{\rm fb}} % 10^-39 cm^2 \def\cmsec{{\rm cm^{-2}s^{-1}}} % cm^-2s^-1 for luminosity % Build your own unit with \units. Eg. \units{klik} \def\units#1{\hbox{\rm #1}} \let\unit=\units % synonym % Use \dimensions{what}{power} to create the square bracket/power % notation for dimensional analysis. Eg. \dimensions{mass}{2} \def\dimensions#1#2{\hbox{$[\hbox{\rm #1}]^{#2}$}} %========================================* % \parenbar puts a bar in small parentheses over a character to % indicate an optional antiparticle. \nunubar and \ppbar are special % cases. \def\parenbar#1{{\null\! % left-hand spacing \mathop{\smash#1}\limits% % superscript above ^{\hbox{\fiverm(--)}}% % 5pt type \!\null}} % right-hand spacing \def\nunubar{\parenbar{\nu}} \def\ppbar{\parenbar{p}} %========================================* % \buildchar makes a compound symbol, placing #2 above #1 and #3 % below it with \limits. \overcirc is a special case. \def\buildchar#1#2#3{{\null\! % \null, cancel space \mathop{\vphantom{#1}\smash#1}\limits% % #1 with spacing and ^{#2}_{#3}% % #2 above, #3 below \!\null}} % cancel space, \null \def\overcirc#1{\buildchar{#1}{\circ}{}} % Sun and earth symbols \def\sun{{\hbox{$\odot$}}}\def\earth{{\hbox{$\oplus$}}} %========================================* % \slashchar puts a slash through a character to represent contraction % with Dirac matrices. \def\slashchar#1{\setbox0=\hbox{$#1$} % set a box for #1 \dimen0=\wd0 % and get its size \setbox1=\hbox{/} \dimen1=\wd1 % get size of / \ifdim\dimen0>\dimen1 % #1 is bigger \rlap{\hbox to \dimen0{\hfil/\hfil}} % so center / in box #1 % and print #1 \else % / is bigger \rlap{\hbox to \dimen1{\hfil$#1$\hfil}} % so center #1 / % and print / \fi} % %========================================* % \subrightarrow#1 puts the text #1 under an arrow of the % appropriate length. \def\subrightarrow#1{% % #1 under arrow \setbox0=\hbox{% % set a box $\displaystyle\mathop{}% % no mathop \limits_{#1}$}% % just limits \dimen0=\wd0% % get width \advance \dimen0 by .5em% % add a bit \mathrel{% % space like = \mathop{\hbox to \dimen0{\rightarrowfill}}% % arrow to width \limits_{#1}}} % text below %========================================* % \vbig produces very (or variably) big delimiters. The syntax is % \vbigl or \vbigr, where is any % delimiter and is any valid dimension in pt, cm, in,.... % There is also a \vbigm for (middle) relations. \newdimen\vbigd@men % for \vbig \def\vbigl{\mathopen\vbig} \def\vbigm{\mathrel\vbig} \def\vbigr{\mathclose\vbig} \def\vbig#1#2{{\vbigd@men=#2\divide\vbigd@men by 2% \hbox{$\left#1\vbox to \vbigd@men{}\right.\n@space$}}} % \Leftcases and \Rightcases are just \vbig \{ or \} with \smash. These % can be used to make constructions like \cases with a number on each % line, but the spacing is NOT automatic. \def\Leftcases#1{\smash{\vbigl\{{#1}}} \def\Rightcases#1{\smash{\vbigr\}{#1}}} % >>> EOF TXSsymb.tex <<<