% $Id: chicago-notes15.cbx,v 0.9.7.2 2011/03/03 18:08:03 dfussner Exp dfussner $
% This is a biblatex citation style file, adapted from Lehman's
% authortitle-cverb.cbx.  It is heavily modified, with the intention
% of providing footnote citations and a bibliography formatted
% according to the specifications of the Chicago Manual of Style,
% _15th_ edition.

\ProvidesFile{chicago-notes.cbx}[2011/03/17 v 1.3 biblatex citation style]

%%%% Biblatex initialization + Chicago options + Toggles %%%%

\providecommand*{\mkibid}[1]{#1}

\providetoggle{cms@oneyear}% Needed for author-date
\providetoggle{cms@reprint}% ditto
\providetoggle{cms@switchdates}% ditto

\providetoggle{cms@jrcomma}% For comma before Jr./Sr.

\providetoggle{cms@url}% These are for the field-exclusion options
\providetoggle{cms@doi}
\providetoggle{cms@isbn}
\providetoggle{cms@numbermonth}
\providetoggle{cms@bookpages}

\providetoggle{cms@headlessnote}
\providetoggle{cms@fullnote}
\providetoggle{cms@shortnote}
\providetoggle{cms@allshort}
\providetoggle{cms@noibid}
\providetoggle{cms@usecompiler}
\providetoggle{cms@shorthandibid}
\providetoggle{cms@printshhand}
\providetoggle{cms@origpublished}
\providetoggle{cms@loccit}
\providetoggle{cms@annotation}
\providetoggle{cms@postposit}

\AtEveryCitekey{%
  \iffieldundef{userc}%
  {}%
  {\nocite{\thefield{userc}}}%
  \global\togglefalse{cms@loccit}%
  \iffieldequalstr{pubstate}{reprint}%
  {\toggletrue{cms@reprint}}%
  {\togglefalse{cms@reprint}}%
  \ifboolexpr{%
    test {\iffieldundef{origyear}}
    or
    test {\iffieldundef{year}}
    or
    not test {\iffieldint{year}}
    or
    togl {cms@switchdates}
  }%
  {}%
  {\iffieldundef{endyear}%
    {\ifthenelse{\thefield{origyear}>\thefield{year}}%
      {\toggletrue{cms@switchdates}}%
      {}}%
    {\ifthenelse{\thefield{origyear}>\thefield{endyear}}%
      {\toggletrue{cms@switchdates}}%
      {}}}}%

\DeclareBibliographyOption{annotation}[true]{%
  \global\toggletrue{cms@annotation}}

\DeclareBibliographyOption{noibid}[true]{%
  \global\toggletrue{cms@noibid}}

\DeclareBibliographyOption{short}[true]{%
  \global\toggletrue{cms@allshort}}

\DeclareBibliographyOption{shorthandibid}[true]{%
  \global\toggletrue{cms@shorthandibid}}

\DeclareBibliographyOption{usecompiler}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@usecompiler}{#1}}

\DeclareEntryOption{usecompiler}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@usecompiler}{#1}}

\DeclareBibliographyOption{juniorcomma}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@jrcomma}{#1}}

\DeclareEntryOption{juniorcomma}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@jrcomma}{#1}}

% The field-exclusion options %

\DeclareBibliographyOption{isbn}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@isbn}{#1}}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{url}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@url}{#1}}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{doi}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@doi}{#1}}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{numbermonth}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@numbermonth}{#1}}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{bookpages}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@bookpages}{#1}}
\DeclareBibliographyOption{includeall}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@isbn}{#1}%
  \settoggle{cms@url}{#1}%
  \settoggle{cms@doi}{#1}%
  \settoggle{cms@numbermonth}{#1}%
  \settoggle{cms@bookpages}{#1}}

\DeclareEntryOption{isbn}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@isbn}{#1}}
\DeclareEntryOption{url}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@url}{#1}}
\DeclareEntryOption{doi}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@doi}{#1}}
\DeclareEntryOption{numbermonth}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@numbermonth}{#1}}
\DeclareEntryOption{bookpages}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@bookpages}{#1}}

\ExecuteBibliographyOptions{includeall}

% For author-date compatibility %

\DeclareEntryOption{switchdates}[true]{%
  \settoggle{cms@switchdates}{#1}}

\DeclareEntryOption{cmsdate}{}%

\DeclareBibliographyOption{strict}[true]{%
  \let\splitfootnoterule\footnoterule
  \renewcommand\footnoterule{}%
  \advance\skip\footins 4\p@\@plus2\p@\relax
  \gdef\split@prev{0}
  \let\pagefootnoterule\footnoterule
  % \def\splitfootnoterule{\kern-3\p@ \hrule \kern2.6\p@}
  \def\footnoterule{\relax
    \ifnum\split@prev=\z@
    \pagefootnoterule
    \else
    \splitfootnoterule
    \fi
    \xdef\split@prev{\the\insertpenalties}%
  }}


\protected\def\blx@newcunit{%
  \global\let\blx@unitpunct\newcunitpunct
  \global\toggletrue{blx@unit}}%

\appto\blx@blxinit{%
  \let\newcunit\blx@newcunit}

\newcommand*{\newcunitpunct}{\addcomma\space}

\def\mkbibcurdinal#1{%
  \@tempcnta0#1 \the\@tempcnta}%

\@ifpackagelater{biblatex}{2010/08/28}
{}
{\PackageError{biblatex}
  {Outdated 'biblatex' package}
  {The Chicago style requires biblatex v0.9 or later.\MessageBreak
    You are using: '\csuse{ver@biblatex.sty}'.\MessageBreak
    This is a fatal error. I'm aborting now.}%
  \endinput}

%%%% Initialize and define bibstrings %%%%

%%%% Now in cms-*.lbx %%%%

%%%% Cite macros for use by the citation commands %%%%

\newbibmacro*{cite:init}{%
  \global\let\cbx@lastkey\undefined}

\newbibmacro*{cite:save}{%
  \savefield{entrykey}{\cbx@lastkey}}

\newbibmacro*{cite}{%
  \ifciteseen%
    {\iffieldundef{shorthand}%
       {\ifthenelse{\ifciteibid\AND\NOT\iffirstonpage}%
          {\usebibmacro{cite:ibid}}%
          {\global\toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
            \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}%
            \usebibmacro{cite:short}%
           \usebibmacro{cite:save}}}%
       {\iftoggle{cms@shorthandibid}%
         {\ifthenelse{\ifciteibid\AND\NOT\iffirstonpage}%
           {\usebibmacro{cite:ibid}}%
           {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
             \usebibmacro{cite:save}}}%
         {\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
           \usebibmacro{cite:save}}}}%
    {\iftoggle{cms@allshort}%
      {\global\toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
        \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}%
        \global\toggletrue{cms@printshhand}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:short}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:save}}%
      {\global\toggletrue{cms@fullnote}%
        \global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:full}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:save}}}}%

\newbibmacro*{crosscite}{%
  \ifciteseen
    {\iffieldundef{shorthand}
       {\ifthenelse{\iffieldequals{entrykey}{\cbx@lastkey}\AND
                    \NOT\iffirstonpage}
          {\usebibmacro{cite:ibid}}%
          {\global\toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
            \global\toggletrue{cms@fullnote}%
            \usebibmacro{cite:short}%
            \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
           \usebibmacro{cite:save}}}%
       {\global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
         \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}%
         \usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:init}}}%
    {\iftoggle{cms@allshort}%
      {\global\toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:short}%
        \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:save}}%
      {\global\toggletrue{cms@fullnote}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:crossfull}%
        \usebibmacro{cite:save}}}}%

\newbibmacro*{cite:full}{%
  \printtext[bibhypertarget]{%
    \usedriver
      {\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}\frenchspacing}
      {cite:\thefield{entrytype}}%
   \iffieldundef{shorthand}
     {}%
     {\usebibmacro{cms:shorthandintro}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cite:crossfull}{%
  \printtext[bibhypertarget]{%
    \usedriver
      {\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}\frenchspacing}
      {cite:crossfull}%
   \iffieldundef{shorthand}
     {}
     {\usebibmacro{cms:shorthandintro}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cite:short}{%
  \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR%
    \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{inreference}\OR%
    \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{reference}}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}% Simplify .bib creation
    {\printfield[journaltitle]{journaltitle}\isdot\newcunit}%
    {\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{manual}%
      {\printlist{organization}\isdot\newcunit}%
      {}}}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{authortype}{anon}%
    {\bibleftbracket\printnames{labelname}%
      \bibrightbracket\classicpunct}%
    {\iffieldequalstr{authortype}{anon?}%
      {\bibleftbracket\printnames{labelname}?%
        \bibrightbracket\classicpunct}%
      {\printnames{labelname}%
        \isdot\classicpunct}}}%
  \printtext[bibhyperlink]{%
    \printfield[citetitle]{labeltitle}}}%:\thefield{entrytype}?

\newbibmacro*{cite:shorthand}{%
  \printtext[bibhyperlink]{%
    \printfield{shorthand}}}

\newbibmacro*{cms:shorthandintro}{% For changing the citedas phrase
  \iffieldundef{shorthandintro}%
  {\addperiod\space%
    \bibstring{citedas}\space%
    \printfield{shorthand}}%
  {\addperiod\space%
    \printfield{shorthandintro}}}

\newbibmacro*{cite:ibid}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@noibid}
  {\global\toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
    \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}%
    \usebibmacro{cite:short}%
    \usebibmacro{cite:save}}%
  {\printtext[bibhyperlink]{%
      \bibstring[\mkibid]{ibidem}}
    \ifloccit
    {\global\toggletrue{cms@loccit}}%
    {}}}

%%%% Citation Commands, internal and external %%%%

\DeclareCiteCommand{\cite}
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{cite}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{cite:postnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\xrefcite}
  {}%\usebibmacro{clearalmostall}} (?)
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
    \usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
    \ifthenelse{\iffieldequals{fullhash}{\bbx@lasthash}\AND\NOT%
      \(\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{collection}\OR%
      \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{proceedings}\)}%
    {\clearname{author}%
      \clearname{shortauthor}%
      \clearname{labelname}}%
    {}%
    \usebibmacro{crosscite}}
  {}
  {}%\usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\bibxrefcite}
  {}%\usebibmacro{clearalmostall}} (?)
  {\usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
    \ifthenelse{\iffieldequals{fullhash}{\bbx@lasthash}\AND\NOT%
      \(\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{collection}\OR%
      \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{proceedings}\)}%
    {\clearname{author}%
      \clearname{shortauthor}%
      \clearname{labelname}}%
    {}%
    \toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
    \togglefalse{cms@fullnote}%
    \usebibmacro{cite:short}}
  {}
  {}

\DeclareCiteCommand*{\cite}
  {\usebibmacro{cite:init}%
    \usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
    \blx@ibidreset
    \usebibmacro{cite}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\parencite}[\mkbibparens]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{cite}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{cite:postnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\footcite}[\mkbibfootnote]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}%\bibsentence
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{cite}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{cite:postnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\smartcite}
  [\iffootnote{\mkbibparens}{\mkbibfootnote}]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}%\bibsentence
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{cite}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{cite:postnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\footfullcite}[\mkbibfootnote]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}%\bibsentence
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
    \toggletrue{cms@fullnote}%
    \togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
   \usebibmacro{cite:full}%
   \usebibmacro{cite:save}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\fullcite}
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}%\bibsentence
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
    \toggletrue{cms@fullnote}%
    \togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
   \usebibmacro{cite:full}
   \usebibmacro{cite:save}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\origfullcite}
  {\nopunct\unspace}% Put \nopunct and \unspace here for 0.8e.
  {\usedriver
    {\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}\clearfield{postnote}
      \clearname{author}\clearfield{userf}\toggletrue{cms@fullnote}%
      \toggletrue{cms@headlessnote}\frenchspacing}%
    {cite:\thefield{entrytype}}}%
  {\multicitedelim}%
  {\finentry}% Helps with annotated bibliographies (?)

\DeclareCiteCommand{\origpublcite}% Similar to above, w/o title.
  {\nopunct\unspace}% Put \nopunct and \unspace here for 0.8e.
  {\usedriver
    {\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}\clearfield{postnote}%
      \usebibmacro{clearpublin}%
      \toggletrue{cms@fullnote}\toggletrue{cms@headlessnote}%
      \toggletrue{cms@origpublished}\frenchspacing}%
    {cite:\thefield{entrytype}}}%
  {\multicitedelim}%
  {\finentry}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\headlessfullcite}
  {\usebibmacro{hlprenote}}%
  {\usedriver
     {\DeclareNameAlias{sortname}{default}\clearname{author}%
       \toggletrue{cms@fullnote}\toggletrue{cms@headlessnote}%
       \usebibmacro{cite:save}}%
     {cite:\thefield{entrytype}}}%
  {\multicitedelim}%
  {}%\usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\headlesscite}
  {\usebibmacro{hlcprenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
    \toggletrue{cms@headlessnote}%
    \clearname{author}%
    \clearname{shortauthor}%
    \clearname{labelname}%
    \usebibmacro{cite}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{cite:postnote}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\shortcite}
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\toggletrue{cms@shortnote}%
    \togglefalse{cms@fullnote}%
    \usebibmacro{citeindex}%
    \usebibmacro{cite:short}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\citetitles}{citetitle}{\multicitedelim}

%%%% Drivers for the Long Note Format %%%%

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:article}{%
  \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}%
  {\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{cmag+news+author}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cmag+news+title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{mag+news+date}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{issn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}
  {\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cmag+news+title}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cjournal+issue+year+pages}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{issn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:artwork}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{howpublished}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{institution+organization}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printlist{location}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:audio}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{chapinscore}%
  \usebibmacro{btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
  {}
  {\iffieldundef{volume}
    {\usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
      \printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
        \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
        \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{maintitleaddon}}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \setunit{\addspace}
      \bibstring{ofseries}%
      \setunit{\addspace}
      \printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
        \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
        \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{maintitleaddon}}}
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{type}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isan}%
    \newcunit\newblock
    \printfield{ismn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:book}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}%
  {\iffieldundef{edition}%
    {}%
    {\usebibmacro{edition}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \clearfield{volumes}}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \iftoggle{cms@bookpages}%
  {}%
  {\clearfield{pages}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{lista}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:bookinbook}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:booklet}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \printtext[parens]{%
  \usebibmacro{howpubl+loc+year}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:collection}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{mtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cbytranslator+others}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:crossfull}{%
  \usebibmacro{crefmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}}%

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:customc}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{italtitle+stitle}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:image}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{howpublished}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{institution+organization}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printlist{location}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:inbook}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
  \usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:incollection}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \iffieldundef{crossref}%
  {\iffieldundef{xref}
    {\usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
      \usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
      \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
      \newcunit
      \iffieldundef{edition}%
      {}%
      {\usebibmacro{edition}%
        \newcunit
        \iffieldundef{maintitle}
        {\printfield{volume}%
          \printfield{part}%
          \clearfield{volume}%
          \clearfield{part}}%
        {}%
        \newcunit
        \printfield{volumes}
        \clearfield{volumes}}%
      \newcunit
      \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
      \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
      \newcunit
      \iffieldundef{maintitle}
      {\printfield{volume}%
        \printfield{part}}
      {}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \printfield{note}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
      \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \printfield{addendum}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
      {\printfield{isbn}}%
      {}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{pageref}%
      \usebibmacro{finentry}}
    {\ifterm{\iffieldundef{chapter}% New test needed to cope with
      {\addspace\bibsentence}%     new chapter citing system.
      {\setunit{\addspace\bibsentence}}}% All altered for 0.9c.
      {\addcomma\addspace}% Perhaps need to alter it back
      \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
      \xrefcite{\thefield{xref}}% Removed \addspace from each.
      \usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}%
      \usebibmacro{finentry}}}%
  {\ifterm{\iffieldundef{chapter}% New test needed to cope with
      {\addspace\bibsentence}%     new chapter citing system.
      {\setunit{\addspace\bibsentence}}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}%
    \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
    \xrefcite{\thefield{crossref}}%
    \usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}%
    \usebibmacro{finentry}}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:inproceedings}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \iffieldundef{crossref}%
  {\iffieldundef{xref}
    {\usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
      \usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
      \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \iffieldundef{maintitle}
      {\printfield{volume}%
        \printfield{part}}
      {}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \printfield{note}%
      \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
      \printtext[parens]{%
        \usebibmacro{org+publ+loc+year}}%
      \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \printfield{addendum}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
      {\printfield{isbn}}%
      {}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{pageref}%
      \usebibmacro{finentry}}
    {\ifterm{\iffieldundef{chapter}% New test needed to cope with
      {\addspace\bibsentence}%     new chapter citing system.
      {\setunit{\addspace\bibsentence}}}% See incollection
      {\addcomma\addspace}%
      \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
      \xrefcite{\thefield{xref}}%
      \usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}%
      \usebibmacro{finentry}}}%
  {\ifterm{\iffieldundef{chapter}% New test needed to cope with
      {\addspace\bibsentence}%     new chapter citing system.
      {\setunit{\addspace\bibsentence}}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}%
    \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
    \xrefcite{\thefield{crossref}}%
    \usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}%
    \usebibmacro{finentry}}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:inreference}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{maintitle}\AND\iffieldundef{booktitle}}%
  {\iffieldundef{edition}%
    {}%
    {\usebibmacro{edition}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \clearfield{volumes}}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{alt-in:}%
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{inreffullpostnote}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \ifnameundef{author}%
  {}%
  {\printtext[parens]{%
      \bibstring{by}%
      \addspace%
      \printnames{author}}}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:letter}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \printtext[title]{%
    \printfield[noformat]{title}}%
  \newcunit\newblock%
  \printfield{titleaddon}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{letter+date}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \iffieldundef{crossref}%
  {\iffieldundef{xref}%
    {\usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
      \usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
      \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
      \newcunit
      \iffieldundef{edition}%
      {}%
      {\usebibmacro{edition}%
        \newcunit
        \iffieldundef{maintitle}
        {\printfield{volume}%
          \printfield{part}%
          \clearfield{volume}%
          \clearfield{part}}%
        {}%
        \newcunit
        \printfield{volumes}
        \clearfield{volumes}}%
      \newcunit
      \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
      \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
      \newcunit
      \iffieldundef{maintitle}
      {\printfield{volume}%
        \printfield{part}}
      {}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \printfield{note}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{cpubletter+loc+year}%
      \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \printfield{addendum}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
      {\printfield{isbn}}%
      {}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
      \newcunit\newblock
      \usebibmacro{pageref}%
      \usebibmacro{finentry}}%
    {\ifterm{\iffieldundef{chapter}% New test needed to cope with
      {\addspace\bibsentence}%     new chapter citing system.
      {\setunit{\addspace\bibsentence}}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}%
      \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
      \xrefcite{\thefield{xref}}%
      \usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}%
      \usebibmacro{finentry}}}%
  {\ifterm{\iffieldundef{chapter}% New test needed to cope with
      {\addspace\bibsentence}%     new chapter citing system.
      {\setunit{\addspace\bibsentence}}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}%
    \usebibmacro{chapincoll}%
    \xrefcite{\thefield{crossref}}%
    \usebibmacro{xrefpostnote}%
    \usebibmacro{finentry}}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:manual}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author+org}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{edition}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \printtext[parens]{%
  \usebibmacro{org+publ+loc+year}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:misc}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}}%
  {\printfield{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}%
    \newcunit\newblock%
    \printfield{titleaddon}%
    \setunit{\addspace}%
    \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
    \newcunit\newblock
    \usebibmacro{unpubl+letter+date}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{howpublished}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{institution+organization}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printlist{location}%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\newcunit\newblock
    \usebibmacro{date}}%
  {}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:music}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \printeventdate%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{chapinscore}%
  \usebibmacro{btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
  {}
  {\iffieldundef{volume}
    {\usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
      \printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
        \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
        \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{maintitleaddon}}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \setunit{\addspace}
      \bibstring{ofseries}%
      \setunit{\addspace}
      \printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
        \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
        \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{maintitleaddon}}}
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{music+ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{music+publisher}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%\newblock
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \setunit*{\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{howpublished}\AND%
      \iffieldundef{pubstate}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}{\addspace}}%
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{institution+organization}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printlist{location}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{iswc}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:online}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printlist{organization}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}
  \usebibmacro{date}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \iftoggle{cms@doi}%
  {\printfield{doi}}%
  {}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{url+date}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:patent}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author+holder}% +holder?
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printtext[parens]{%
  \printfield{type}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \printfield{number}%
  \iflistundef{location}
    {}
    {\setunit*{\addspace}%
     \printtext[parens]{%
       \printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{location}}}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{version}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{origyear}%
  {\iffieldundef{year}%
    {}%
    {\bibstring{patentfiled}\setunit{\addspace}% Changed to filed
      \printdate}}%
  {\bibstring{patentfiled}\setunit{\addspace}%
    \usebibmacro{cmsorigdate}%
    \setunit{\addcomma\addspace\bibstring{and}%
      \addspace\bibstring{patentissued}\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{date}}%
  \newcunit%
  \printfield{addendum}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:periodical}{%
  \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}%
  {\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{periodical+date+issue}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{issn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}%
  {\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cperiodical+issue+year+pages}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{issn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:proceedings}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \printtext[parens]{%
  \usebibmacro{org+publ+loc+year}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:reference}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{maintitle}\AND\iffieldundef{booktitle}}%
  {\iffieldundef{edition}%
    {}%
    {\usebibmacro{edition}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \clearfield{volumes}}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{alt-in:}%
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:report}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{type}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \printtext[parens]{%
  \usebibmacro{inst+loc+year}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isrn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:review}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}
  {\usebibmacro{cmag+news+author}}%
  {\usebibmacro{author/editor}}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{title}%
  \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
  \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{titleaddon}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{issuetitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}
  {\usebibmacro{mag+news+date}}%
  {\usebibmacro{cjournal+issue+year+pages}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{issn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:suppbook}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{inforaft}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}%
  {\iffieldundef{edition}%
    {}%
    {\usebibmacro{edition}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{volumes}%
      \clearfield{volumes}}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isbn}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyAlias{cite:suppcollection}{cite:suppbook}

\DeclareBibliographyAlias{cite:suppperiodical}{cite:review}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:thesis}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{note}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printtext[parens]{%
  \usebibmacro{type+inst+year}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:unpublished}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \printtext[parens]{%
    \printfield{howpublished}%
    \newcunit\newblock
    \printfield{note}%
    \newcunit\newblock
    \printlist{location}%
    \newcunit\newblock
    \usebibmacro{date}}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@url}%
  {\usebibmacro{url+date}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

\DeclareBibliographyDriver{cite:video}{%
  \usebibmacro{bibindex}%
  \usebibmacro{author/editor}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield{nameaddon}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ctitle+stitle}%
  \setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{byauthor}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{cpart+editor+translator}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{chapinscore}%
  \usebibmacro{btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{edition}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{edition}%
    \newcunit
    \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \clearfield{volume}%
      \clearfield{part}}%
    {}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{volumes}
    \clearfield{volumes}}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{type}%
  \newcunit
  \usebibmacro{bybookauthor}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditor+others}%
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
  {}
  {\iffieldundef{volume}
    {\usebibmacro{cms-in:}%
      \printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
        \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
        \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{maintitleaddon}}
    {\printfield{volume}%
      \printfield{part}%
      \setunit{\addspace}
      \bibstring{ofseries}%
      \setunit{\addspace}
      \printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
        \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
        \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
      \newcunit
      \printfield{maintitleaddon}}}
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
    {\printfield{volume}%
     \printfield{part}}
    {}%
  \newcunit
  \printfield{volumes}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{ser+num}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{note}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cpubl+loc+year}%
  \usebibmacro{fullpostnote}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{addendum}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@isbn}%
  {\printfield{isan}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{cite+doi+url}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{pageref}%
  \usebibmacro{finentry}}

%%%% List Formats %%%%

\DeclareListFormat{language}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=1}%
  {\bibleftbracket\bibstring{inlang}\addspace%
    \ifbibstring{#1}
    {\bibstring{#1}}
    {\ifbibstring{lang#1}
      {\bibstring{lang#1}}
      {#1}}%
    \ifthenelse{\value{listtotal}=1}%
    {\bibrightbracket}%
    {}}%
  {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=\value{listtotal}}%
    {\multilangdelim%
      \ifbibstring{#1}
      {\bibstring{#1}}
      {\ifbibstring{lang#1}
        {\bibstring{lang#1}}
        {#1}}%
      \bibrightbracket}%
    {\multilangdelim%
      \ifbibstring{#1}
      {\bibstring{#1}}
      {\ifbibstring{lang#1}
        {\bibstring{lang#1}}
        {#1}}}}%
  \usebibmacro{langlist:andothers}}

\DeclareListFormat{publisher}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listtotal}<2}%
  {#1\isdot}%
  {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=1}%
    {#1}%
    {\multipubsdelim #1\isdot}}}

\DeclareListFormat{periodplace}{\mkbibparens{#1}}

\DeclareListFormat{lista}{% 
  \ifthenelse{\value{listtotal}<2}
  {s\adddot v\adddot\addspace\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}%
  {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=1}%
    {s\adddot vv\adddot\addspace \mkbibquote{#1\isdot}\addcomma}%
    {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{listtotal}}%
      {\addspace\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}\addcomma}%
      {\addspace\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}}}

%%%% Field Formats -- Title, Citetitle, Lostitle %%%%


\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{title}{%
  \iffieldundef{title}%
  {}%
  {\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{citetitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{title}%
  {#1\isdot}%
  {\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{lostitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{title}%
  {#1\isdot}%
  {\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[artwork]{title}{%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[artwork]{citetitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[artwork]{lostitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[book]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[book]{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[book]{lostitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[periodical]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[periodical]{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[periodical]{lostitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldAlias[image]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[image]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[image]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[incollection]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[incollection]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[incollection]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldFormat[letter]{title}{#1\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[letter]{citetitle}{#1\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[letter]{lostitle}{#1\isdot}

\DeclareFieldAlias[inproceedings]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[inproceedings]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[inproceedings]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[thesis]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[thesis]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[thesis]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[patent]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[patent]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[patent]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[unpublished]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[unpublished]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[unpublished]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{% Removed \isdots -- required
  \iffieldundef{pagination}%    elsewhere also?
  {#1}%
  {\mkpageprefix[pagination]{#1}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[inreference]{postnote}{%
  \iffieldundef{pagination}%
    {s\adddot v\adddot\addspace\mkbibquote{#1}}
    {\mkpageprefix[pagination]{#1}}}% Removed \isdots here, also.

\DeclareFieldFormat{pages}{%
  \iffieldundef{bookpagination}%
  {#1\isdot}%
  {\mkpageprefix[bookpagination]{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{edlang}{%
  \ifbibstring{#1}
  {\bibstring{#1}}
  {\ifbibstring{ed#1}
    {\bibstring{ed#1}}
    {\ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1}}{#1}}}}

\DeclareFieldAlias[inbook]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[inbook]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[inbook]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldFormat[suppbook]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[suppbook]{citetitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{inforaft}%
  \addspace%
  \mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[suppbook]{lostitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{inforaft}%
  \addspace%
  \mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[customc]{title}{%
  \iffieldundef{nameaddon}%
  {\mkbibemph{\bibstring{see}}%
    \addspace%
    #1}%
  {#1}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[customc]{citetitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{nameaddon}%
  {\mkbibemph{\bibstring{see}}%
    \addspace%
    #1}%
  {\printfield{nameaddon}\addspace #1}}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppcollection]{title}[suppbook]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppcollection]{citetitle}[suppbook]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppcollection]{lostitle}[suppbook]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldFormat[booklet]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[booklet]{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[booklet]{lostitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[manual]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[manual]{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[manual]{lostitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[report]{title}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[report]{citetitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[report]{lostitle}{\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[misc]{title}{%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {\ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[misc]{citetitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {\ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[misc]{lostitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{entrysubtype}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {\ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[review]{title}{%
  \ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[review]{citetitle}{%
  \ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[review]{lostitle}{%
  \ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppperiodical]{title}[review]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppperiodical]{citetitle}[review]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppperiodical]{lostitle}[review]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[online]{title}[article]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[online]{citetitle}[article]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[online]{lostitle}[article]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldFormat[video]{title}{%
  \iffieldundef{booktitle}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[video]{citetitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{booktitle}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[video]{lostitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{booktitle}%
  {\mkbibemph{#1}\isdot}%
  {\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldAlias[music]{title}[video]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[music]{citetitle}[video]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[music]{lostitle}[video]{lostitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[audio]{title}[video]{title}

\DeclareFieldAlias[audio]{citetitle}[video]{citetitle}

\DeclareFieldAlias[audio]{lostitle}[video]{lostitle}

%%%% Other Field Formats %%%%

\DeclareNumChars*{:}% For proper ibidem with multi-volume works.

\DeclareFieldFormat{letterday}{\mkbibcurdinal{#1}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{note}{%
  \ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1}}{#1}}%

\DeclareFieldFormat[suppbook]{type}{%
  \ifbibstring{#1}%
  {\bibstring{#1}}%
  {\ifcapital%
    {\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}%
    {#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat[artwork]{type}{%
  \ifcapital%
  {\MakeCapital{#1}}%
  {#1}}

\DeclareFieldAlias[image]{type}[artwork]{type}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppcollection]{type}[suppbook]{type}

\DeclareFieldAlias[video]{type}[suppbook]{type}

\DeclareFieldAlias[music]{type}[suppbook]{type}

\DeclareFieldAlias[audio]{type}[suppbook]{type}

\DeclareFieldFormat{url}{\url{#1}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{doi}{%
  \textrm{doi}\addcolon
  \ifhyperref
    {\href{http://dx.doi.org/#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}}
    {\nolinkurl{#1}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{nameaddon}{\mkbibbrackets{#1\bibsentence}}% ?!

\DeclareFieldFormat[customc]{nameaddon}{% For cross-refs
  \ifbibstring{#1}%
  {\mkbibemph{\bibstring{#1}}}%
  {#1}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{edition}{% New in 0.8
  \ifinteger{#1}
  {\mkbibordinal{#1}~\bibstring{edition}}%
  {\ifcapital
    {\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}%
    {#1\isdot}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{year}{% To cope with abbreviation n.d.
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {#1\bibsentence}%
  {#1\isdot}}% (?)

\DeclareFieldFormat[misc]{year}{#1\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat[article]{year}{% To cope with abbreviation n.d.
  \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}%
  {#1\isdot}
  {#1\bibsentence}}

\DeclareFieldAlias[review]{year}[article]{year}

\DeclareFieldAlias[periodical]{year}[article]{year}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppperiodical]{year}[article]{year}

\DeclareFieldFormat{usere}{[#1]} % Better than mkbibbrackets?

\DeclareFieldFormat{titleaddon}{%
  \ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}%\custpunctc?

\DeclareFieldAlias{booktitleaddon}{titleaddon}

\DeclareFieldAlias{maintitleaddon}{titleaddon}

\DeclareFieldFormat{issuetitle}{\mkbibquote{#1\isdot}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{jourser}{%
  \ifinteger{#1}%
  {\mkbibordinal{#1}%
    \addnbspace%
    \bibstring{jourser}}%
  {\ifbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{#1}}{#1}}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{journum}{% Revised for 0.9.5
  \ifboolexpr{%
    test {\ifnumerals{#1}}
    and
    not test {\ifnumeral{#1}}
  }%
  {\bibstring{numbers}\addspace #1}%
  {\bibstring{number}\addspace #1}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{sernum}{%
  \ifnumeral{#1}%
  {\addnbspace #1}%
  {\addcomma\addspace #1}}

\DeclareFieldFormat{series}{#1\isdot}

\DeclareFieldFormat{addendum}{%
  \ifcapital{\MakeCapital{#1\isdot}}{#1\isdot}}

% This works better here than in the entrytail macro -- userf use is
% no longer a problem, though the page breaking still isn't ideal.

\DeclareFieldFormat{annotation}{\par\nobreak \vskip \bibitemsep #1}

\DeclareFieldFormat{part}{\addcomma\bibstring{partvolume}~#1}

\DeclareFieldAlias[review]{volume}[article]{volume}

\DeclareFieldAlias[suppperiodical]{volume}[article]{volume}

%%%% Commands, for users and internal %%%%

\newcommand*{\cbytypeeditor}{%
  \iffieldundef{editortype}
    {\bibstring{cbytypeeditor}}
    {\bibstring{cbytype\thefield{editortype}}}}

\renewcommand*{\multicitedelim}{\addsemicolon\space}

\newcommand{\custpunct}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{type}{plain}%
    {}
    {\addcomma}}%
  {\iftoggle{cms@shortnote}
    {\iffieldundef{postnote}%
      {\ifthenelse{\value{multicitecount} < \value{multicitetotal}}%
        {}
        {\addperiod}}%
      {\addcomma}}%
    {\addperiod}}}

\newcommand{\custpunctb}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{userb}{plain}%
    {}
    {\addcomma}}%
  {\iftoggle{cms@shortnote}
    {\iffieldundef{postnote}%
      {\ifthenelse{\value{multicitecount} < \value{multicitetotal}}%
        {}
        {\addperiod}}%
      {\addcomma}}%
    {\addperiod}}}

\newcommand{\classicpunct}{%
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{classical}\OR%
    \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{letter}}%
  {\setunit*{\addspace}}%
  {\setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}}}

\newcommand{\reprintpunct}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\setunit*{\addsemicolon\addspace}}%
  {\setunit*{\addperiod\addspace}}}

\newcommand{\encypunct}{% for named entries in an encyclopedia
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{book}%
    {\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{addendum}\AND\iffieldundef{doi}\AND
        \iffieldundef{isbn}\AND\iffieldundef{url}}%
      {\ifthenelse{\value{multicitecount} < \value{multicitetotal}}%
        {}%
        {\addperiod}}%
      {\addcomma}}%
    {\ifnameundef{author}%
      {\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{addendum}\AND\iffieldundef{doi}\AND
          \iffieldundef{isbn}\AND\iffieldundef{url}}%
        {\ifthenelse{\value{multicitecount} < \value{multicitetotal}}%
          {}%
          {\addperiod}}%
        {\addcomma}}%
      {}}}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{book}%
    {\addperiod}%
    {\ifnameundef{author}%
      {\addperiod}%
      {}}}}

\newcommand{\parttrans}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibstring{cbytranslator}\space}%
  {\bibstring{bytranslator}\space}}

\newcommand{\partedit}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@postposit}% Kludge to make it work in French.
  {\iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
    {\bibstring{cbyeditoralt}\addspace}%
    {\bibstring{byeditoralt}\addspace}}%
  {\iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
    {\bibstring{cbyeditor}\addspace}%
    {\bibstring{byeditor}\addspace}}}

\newcommand{\partcomp}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibstring{cbycompiler}\space}%
  {\bibstring{bycompiler}\space}}

\newcommand{\parteditandcomp}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibstring{cbyeditorcp}\space}%
  {\bibstring{byeditorcp}\space}}

\newcommand{\parttransandcomp}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibstring{cbytranslatorcp}\space}%
  {\bibstring{bytranslatorcp}\space}}

\newcommand{\partedittransandcomp}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibstring{cbyeditortrcp}\space}%
  {\bibstring{byeditortrcp}\space}}

\newcommand{\parteditandtrans}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibstring{cbyeditortr}\space}%
  {\bibstring{byeditortr}\space}}

\newcommand{\reprint}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\bibsstring{reprint}}%
  {\bibstring{reprint}}}

\newcommand*{\multipubsdelim}{\addnbspace/\addspace}

\newcommand*{\multilocsdelim}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{liststop}}%
    {\ifthenelse{\numexpr\value{listcount}+1<\value{liststop}}%
       {\addcomma\addspace}%
       {\ifthenelse{\value{liststop}>2}%
         {\addcomma\addspace\bibstring{and}\addspace}%
         {\addspace\bibstring{and}\addspace}}}%
       {}}

\newcommand*{\multilangdelim}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listtotal}<3}%
  {\addspace\bibstring{and}\addspace}%
  {\ifthenelse{\value{listcount}<\value{listtotal}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}%
    {\addcomma\addspace\bibstring{and}\addspace}}}

\renewcommand*{\postnotedelim}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@shortnote}%
  {\iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{classical}%
    {\NumCheckSetup{\DeclareNumChars*{abcdeABCDE}}% Makes classical
      \iffieldpages{postnote}% test more accurate. See 17.253.
      {\addspace}%
      {\addcomma\addspace}}%
    {\iffieldundef{volumes}%
      {\addcomma\addspace}%
      {\addspace}}}%
  {\iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
    {\ifthenelse{\(\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{article}\OR
        \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{review}\OR
        \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{periodical}\OR
        \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{suppperiodical}\)\AND\NOT
        \iffieldequalstr{entrysubtype}{magazine}}%
      {\addcolon\addspace}%
      {\addcomma\addspace}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace}}}%

\newcommand*{\lbx@cfromlang}{% Needed to eliminate "by" after "trans."
  \iffieldundef{userf}
  {\iffieldundef{origlanguage}
    {\unspace}
    {\bibstring{cfrom\thefield{origlanguage}}}}%
  {\unspace}}

\renewcommand*{\lbx@fromlang}{%
  \iffieldundef{userf}
  {\iffieldundef{origlanguage}
    {\unspace}
    {\bibstring{from\thefield{origlanguage}}}}%
  {\unspace}}

\renewcommand*{\lbx@lfromlang}{%
  \iffieldundef{userf}
  {\iffieldundef{origlanguage}
    {\unspace}
    {\biblstring{from\thefield{origlanguage}}}}%
  {\unspace}}

\renewcommand*{\lbx@sfromlang}{%
  \iffieldundef{userf}
  {\iffieldundef{origlanguage}
    {\unspace}
    {\bibsstring{from\thefield{origlanguage}}}}%
  {\unspace}}

%%%% Formatting macros, called both by cbx and bbx %%%%

\newbibmacro*{finentry}{%{\finentry} To make annotated bibliography
  \togglefalse{cms@switchdates}
  \ifbibliography
    {\usebibmacro{entrytail}}
    {}%
  \finentry}

\newbibmacro*{entrytail}{% From reading.bbx, for annotated bibliography
  \newunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@annotation}
    {\usebibmacro{annotation}%
     \newunit\newblock}
    {}}%

\newbibmacro*{author+holder}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}
    {}
    {\printnames{author}%
     \ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{holder}\OR
                 \ifnamesequal{author}{holder}}
       {}
       {\setunit{\addspace}%
        \printtext[parens]{\printnames{holder}}}}}

\renewbibmacro*{byauthor}{%
  \ifthenelse{\ifuseauthor\OR
              \ifnameundef{author}}
    {}
    {\bibstring{by}\addspace
     \printnames[byauthor]{author}}}

\newbibmacro*{byauthorpunct}{%
  \ifthenelse{\ifuseauthor\OR\ifnameundef{author}}%
  {\addperiod\addspace}%
  {\newcunit}}

\renewbibmacro*{bybookauthor}{%
  \ifnameundef{bookauthor}
    {}
    {\ifnamesequal{author}{bookauthor}
      {}
      {\bibstring{by}\addspace\printnames[default]{bookauthor}%
     \newcunit\newblock}}}

\newbibmacro*{editorpunct}{%
  \ifthenelse{\(\iffieldundef{booktitle}\AND\iffieldundef{maintitle}\)%
    \OR\iffieldsequal{booktitle}{title}%  Changed these for crossrefed
    \OR\iffieldsequal{maintitle}{title}}% entries.  Create problems?
  {\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{video}% Change for Video type?  Appears
    {\newcunit\newblock}% to treat italicized title as booktitle in
    {\newunit\newblock}}% available examples.
  {\newcunit\newblock}}

\newbibmacro*{edition}{%
  \printfield{edition}%
    \clearfield{edition}}%

\newbibmacro*{inforaft}{%
  \ifnameundef{introduction}%
  {\ifnameundef{afterword}%
    {\ifnameundef{foreword}%
      {\printfield{type}}%
      {\bibstring{forewordto}}}%
    {\bibstring{afterwordto}}}%
  {\bibstring{introductionto}}}

\newbibmacro*{langlist:andothers}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{listcount}=\value{liststop}\AND
              \ifmoreitems}
    {\ifnum\value{liststop}>1 \finalandcomma\fi
     \andmoredelim\bibstring{andmore}\bibrightbracket}
    {}}

\newbibmacro*{mag+news+author}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}%
  {\ifthenelse{\iffieldequals{journaltitle}{\bbx@lasthash}\AND\NOT
      \iffirstonpage}%
    {\bibnamedash\addperiod\addspace}%
    {\usebibmacro{journal+sub}%
      \setunit*{\addspace}%
      \printlist[periodplace]{location}%
      \savefield{journaltitle}{\bbx@lasthash}}}%
  {\usebibmacro{author}}}

\newbibmacro*{cmag+news+author}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}%
  {\usebibmacro{journal+sub}%
    \setunit*{\addspace}%
    \printlist[periodplace]{location}}%
  {\usebibmacro{author}}}

\newbibmacro*{type+inst+year}{%
  \printfield{type}
  \newcunit
  \printlist{institution}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \usebibmacro{cmsyear}}

\newbibmacro*{institution+organization}{%
  \iflistundef{organization}%
  {\iflistundef{institution}%
    {}%
    {\printlist{institution}}}%
  {\printlist{organization}%
    \newcunit%
    \printlist{institution}}}

\newbibmacro*{bibauthor+org}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}%
  {\ifnameundef{editor}%
    {\iflistundef{organization}%
      {}%
      {\ifboolexpr{
          test {\iflistequals{organization}{\bbx@lasthash}}
          and
          not test {\iffirstonpage}
        }%
        {\bibnamedash\addperiod\addspace}%
        {\printlist{organization}%
          \savelist{organization}{\bbx@lasthash}}}}%
    {\usebibmacro{editor}}}%
  {\usebibmacro{author/editor}}}

\newbibmacro*{author+org}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}%
  {\ifnameundef{editor}%
    {\iflistundef{organization}%
      {}%
      {\printlist{organization}}}%
    {\usebibmacro{editor}}}%
  {\usebibmacro{author/editor}}}

\newbibmacro*{cbytypestrg}[2]{%
  \iffieldundef{#1type}
    {\bibstring{cby#2}}
    {\bibstring{cby\thefield{#1type}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cbyeditor}{%
  \ifnameundef{editor}
    {}
    {\usebibmacro{cbytypestrg}{editor}{editor}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printnames[byeditor]{editor}%
     \newcunit}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyeditorx}}

\newbibmacro*{cbyeditorx}{%
  \ifnameundef{editora}
    {}
    {\usebibmacro{cbytypestrg}{editora}{editor}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printnames[byeditora]{editora}%
     \newcunit}%
  \ifnameundef{editorb}
    {}
    {\usebibmacro{cbytypestrg}{editorb}{editor}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printnames[byeditorb]{editorb}%
     \newcunit}%
  \ifnameundef{editorc}
    {}
    {\usebibmacro{cbytypestrg}{editorc}{editor}%
     \setunit{\addspace}%
     \printnames[byeditorc]{editorc}%
     \newcunit}}

\newbibmacro*{cbytranslator}{%
  \ifnameundef{translator}
  {}
  {\bibstring{cbytranslator}%
    \addspace
    \printnames[bytranslator]{translator}}}

\newbibmacro*{cbycompiler}{%
  \ifnameundef{namec}
    {}
    {\bibstring{cbycompiler}\addspace
     \printnames[bycompiler]{namec}}}

\newbibmacro*{cbyredactor}{%
  \ifnameundef{redactor}
    {}
    {\bibstring{cbyredactor}\addspace
     \printnames[byredactor]{redactor}}}

\newbibmacro*{cwithcommentator}{%
  \ifnameundef{commentator}
    {}
    {\bibsstring{withcommentator}\addspace
     \printnames[withcommentator]{commentator}}}

\newbibmacro*{cwithannotator}{%
  \ifnameundef{annotator}
    {}
    {\bibsstring{withannotator}\addspace
     \printnames[withannotator]{annotator}}}

\newbibmacro*{cwithintroduction}{%
  \ifnameundef{introduction}
    {}
    {\bibstring{withintroduction}\addspace
     \printnames[withintroduction]{introduction}}}

\newbibmacro*{cwithforeword}{%
  \ifnameundef{foreword}
    {}
    {\bibstring{withforeword}\addspace
     \printnames[withforeword]{foreword}}}

\newbibmacro*{cwithafterword}{%
  \ifnameundef{afterword}
    {}
    {\bibstring{withafterword}\addspace
     \printnames[withafterword]{afterword}}}

\newbibmacro*{cbyeditor+others}{%
  \ifthenelse{\NOT\ifnameundef{editor}\AND
    \(\iffieldundef{editortype}\OR
    \iffieldequalstr{editortype}{editor}\)}
  {\def\@tempa{cbyeditor}%
    \ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}
    {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa tr}%
      \clearname{translator}}
    {}%
    \ifnamesequal{editor}{namec}
    {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa cp}%
      \clearname{namec}}
    {}%
    \ifnamesequal{editor}{commentator}
    {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa co}%
      \clearname{commentator}}
    {\ifnamesequal{editor}{annotator}
      {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa an}%
        \clearname{annotator}}
      {}}%
    \ifnamesequal{editor}{introduction}
    {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa in}%
      \clearname{introduction}}
    {\ifnamesequal{editor}{foreword}
      {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa fo}%
        \clearname{foreword}}
      {\ifnamesequal{editor}{afterword}
        {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa af}%
          \clearname{afterword}}
        {}}}%
    \bibstring{\@tempa}\space
    \printnames[byeditor]{editor}%
    \clearname{editor}%
    \newcunit%
    \usebibmacro{cbyeditorx}}%
  {\usebibmacro{cbyeditor}}%
  \usebibmacro{cbytranslator+others}}

\newbibmacro*{cbytranslator+others}{%
  \ifnameundef{translator}
    {}
    {\def\@tempa{cbytranslator}%
      \ifnamesequal{translator}{namec}
      {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa cp}%
        \clearname{namec}}
      {}%
     \ifnamesequal{translator}{commentator}
       {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa co}%
        \clearname{commentator}}
       {\ifnamesequal{translator}{annotator}
          {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa an}%
           \clearname{annotator}}
          {}}%
     \ifnamesequal{translator}{introduction}
       {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa in}%
        \clearname{introduction}}
       {\ifnamesequal{translator}{foreword}
          {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa fo}%
           \clearname{foreword}}
          {\ifnamesequal{translator}{afterword}
             {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa af}%
              \clearname{afterword}}
             {}}}%
     \bibstring{\@tempa}\space
     \printnames[bytranslator]{translator}%
     \clearname{translator}%
     \newcunit}%
  \usebibmacro{cbycompiler+others}}

\newbibmacro*{cbycompiler+others}{%
  \ifnameundef{namec}
    {}
    {\def\@tempa{cbycompiler}%
     \ifnamesequal{namec}{commentator}
       {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa co}%
        \clearname{commentator}}
       {\ifnamesequal{namec}{annotator}
          {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa an}%
           \clearname{annotator}}
          {}}%
     \ifnamesequal{namec}{introduction}
       {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa in}%
        \clearname{introduction}}
       {\ifnamesequal{namec}{foreword}
          {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa fo}%
           \clearname{foreword}}
          {\ifnamesequal{namec}{afterword}
             {\edef\@tempa{\@tempa af}%
              \clearname{afterword}}
             {}}}%
     \bibstring{\@tempa}\space
     \printnames[bycompiler]{namec}%
     \clearname{namec}%
     \newcunit}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyothers}}

\newbibmacro*{cbyothers}{%
  \usebibmacro{cbytranslator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cbycompiler}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cbyredactor}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cwithcommentator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cwithannotator}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cwithintroduction}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cwithforeword}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{cwithafterword}}

\newbibmacro*{cms-in:}{% Fix for 0.9a compat.
  \iftoggle{cms@origpublished}%
  {}
  {\bibstring{in}
    \setunit{\addspace}}}

\newbibmacro*{alt-in:}{%
  \iffieldundef{booktitle}%
  {}
  {\bibstring{in}%
    \setunit{\addspace}}}

\newbibmacro*{chapincoll}{%
  \iffieldundef{chapter}%
  {}
  {\printfield{chapter}\addspace%
    \clearfield{chapter}}}

\newbibmacro*{chapinscore}{%
  \iffieldundef{chapter}%
  {}
  {\printfield{chapter}%
    \addspace\bibstring{of}\setunit{\addspace}%
    \clearfield{chapter}}}

\newbibmacro*{ser+num}{%
  \printfield{series}%
  \printfield[sernum]{number}%
  \newunit}

\newbibmacro*{music+ser+num}{%
  \iffieldundef{series}%
  {\iffieldundef{number}%
    {}%
    {\printfield{number}}}
  {\printfield{series}%
    \setunit{\addspace}%
    \printfield{number}}}%

\newbibmacro*{music+publisher}{%
  \iffieldundef{howpublished}%
  {\iffieldundef{pubstate}%
    {}%
    {\printfield{pubstate}}}%
  {\printfield{howpublished}}}%

\newbibmacro*{ctitle+stitle}{%
  \printtext[title]{%:\thefield{entrytype}]{%(Changed for 0.7 to work)
    \printfield[noformat]{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}\newblock%
  \printfield{titleaddon}}%
%  \setunit{\addspace}}%
%  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
%  \setunit*{\addcomma}\newblock}

\newbibmacro*{citaltitle+stitle}{%
  \printtext[title]{%:\thefield{entrytype}]{%(Changed for 0.7 to work)
    \printfield[noformat]{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
  \newcunit\newblock%
  \printfield{titleaddon}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \newcunit\newblock}

\newbibmacro*{title+stitle}{%
  \printtext[title]{%:\thefield{entrytype}]{%(Changed for 0.7 to work)
    \printfield[noformat]{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
  \newunit%\setunit{\addspace}\newblock%
  \printfield{titleaddon}}%
%  \setunit{\addspace}}%
%  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
%  \newunit\newblock}

\newbibmacro*{italtitle+stitle}{%
  \printtext[title]{%:\thefield{entrytype}]{%(Changed for 0.7 to work)
    \printfield[noformat]{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
  \newunit\newblock%
  \printfield{titleaddon}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{language+transtitle}%
  \newunit\newblock}

\newbibmacro*{mag+news+title}{%
  \printtext[title]{%:\thefield{entrytype}]{%(Changed for 0.7 to work)
       \printfield[noformat]{title}%
       \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
       \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
     \newunit%\setunit{\addcomma\addspace}
     \printfield{titleaddon}%
     }%\newcunit\newblock}

\newbibmacro*{cmag+news+title}{%
  \printtext[title]{%:\thefield{entrytype}]{%(Changed for 0.7 to work)
       \printfield[noformat]{title}%
       \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
       \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
     \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
     \printfield{titleaddon}%
     }%\newcunit\newblock}

\newbibmacro*{language+transtitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{usere}%
  {\printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{language}}%
  {\printfield{usere}}}

\newbibmacro*{issuetitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{issuetitle}%
  {}
  {\ifthenelse{\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{article}\OR%
      \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{review}\OR%
      \iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{suppperiodical}}% This test is for
    {\usebibmacro{cms-in:}}% periodical entries
    {}%
    \printtext[issuetitle]{%
      \printfield[noformat]{issuetitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{issuesubtitle}}}}

\newbibmacro*{btitle+bstitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{booktitle}
    {}
    {\printtext[booktitle]{%
       \printfield[noformat]{booktitle}%
       \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
       \printfield[noformat]{booksubtitle}}%
     \newcunit
     \printfield{booktitleaddon}}}

\newbibmacro*{publ+loc+year}{% Revised for reprint
  \ifboolexpr{
    togl{cms@reprint}
    and
    not test {\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{video}}
  }%
  {\bibstring{reprint}%
    \newcunit}%
  {}%
  \printlist{location}%
  \iflistundef{publisher}%
  {\setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}}%
  {\setunit*{\addcolon\addspace}}%
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{date}%
}

\newbibmacro*{howpubl+loc+year}{% Revised for reprint
  \usebibmacro{cmsorigdate}%
  \reprintpunct%
  \iftoggle{cms@reprint}%
  {\reprint\newcunit}%
  {}%
  \printlist{location}%
  \iffieldundef{howpublished}%
  {\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}%
  {\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
  \printfield{howpublished}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \usebibmacro{date}%
}

\newbibmacro*{inst+loc+year}{% Revised for reprint
  \usebibmacro{cmsorigdate}%
  \reprintpunct%
  \iftoggle{cms@reprint}%
  {\reprint\newcunit}%
  {}%
  \printlist{location}%
  \iflistundef{institution}%
  {\setunit*{\addcomma\space}}%
  {\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
  \printlist{institution}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \usebibmacro{date}%
}%

\newbibmacro*{cpubl+loc+year}{% Revised for reprint
  \ifboolexpr{
    test {\iflistundef{location}}
    and
    test {\iflistundef{publisher}}
    and
    test {\iffieldundef{year}}
    and
    not togl {cms@reprint}
  }%
  {}%
  {\setunit{\addspace}%
    \printtext[parens]{%
      \usebibmacro{cmsorigdate}%\printfield{origyear}%
      \setunit*{\addsemicolon\addspace}%
      \ifboolexpr{
        togl {cms@reprint}
        and
        not test{\iffieldequalstr{entrytype}{video}}
      }%
      {\bibsstring{reprint}%
        \newcunit}%
      {}%
      \printlist{location}%
      \iflistundef{publisher}
      {\setunit*{\addspace}}
      {\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
      \printlist{publisher}%
      \setunit{\addcomma\space}%
      \usebibmacro{date}}}}%

\newbibmacro*{cpubletter+loc+year}{%
    \setunit{\addspace}%
    \printtext[parens]{%
    \printlist{location}%
  \iflistundef{publisher}
    {\setunit*{\addspace}}
    {\setunit*{\addcolon\space}}%
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\space}%
  \usebibmacro{date}}}% Changed for 0.9

\newbibmacro*{originally+published+as}{% Punctuation fix now in 
  \iffieldundef{userf}%                  \origfullcite for 0.8e. 
  {\iffieldundef{reprinttitle}%
    {}
    {\bibstring{origpublin}%
      \origpublcite{\thefield{reprinttitle}}%
      \newunit}}
  {\iffieldundef{origlanguage}%
    {\bibstring{origpub}%
      \origfullcite{\thefield{userf}}
      \newunit}%
    {\iftoggle{cms@postposit}%
      {\bibstring{origedition}%
        \setunit{\addspace}%
        \printfield[edlang]{origlanguage}%
        \addcolon%
        \origfullcite{\thefield{userf}}%
        \newunit}%
      {\printfield[edlang]{origlanguage}%
        \setunit{\addspace}%
        \bibstring{origedition}%
        \origfullcite{\thefield{userf}}
        \newunit}}}}

\newbibmacro*{org+publ+loc+year}{% What was wrong with \ifthenelse here?
  \usebibmacro{cmsorigdate}%
  \reprintpunct%
  \iftoggle{cms@reprint}% Revised for reprint
  {\reprint\newcunit}%
  {}%
  \printlist{location}%
  \iflistundef{organization}%
  {\iflistundef{publisher}%
    {\setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}}%
    {\setunit*{\addcolon\addspace}}}%
  {\setunit*{\addcolon\addspace}}%
  \printlist{organization}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \printlist{publisher}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \usebibmacro{date}}

\newbibmacro*{year+in+parens}{%
  \iffieldundef{volume}%
  {noformat}%
  {parens}}

\newbibmacro*{cjournal+issue+year+pages}{%
  \usebibmacro{cjournal+ser+vol+num}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printtext[parens]{% parens is the default here
    \iffieldundef{issue}
    {\usebibmacro{number+or+month}}%
      {\printfield{issue}%
       \setunit{\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{cmsyear}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cperiodical+issue+year+pages}{% For periodicals,
  \usebibmacro{cperiodical+ser+vol+num}% subtype article
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printtext[parens]{% parens is the default here
    \iffieldundef{issue}
    {\usebibmacro{number+or+month}}%
      {\printfield{issue}%
       \setunit{\addspace}%
       \usebibmacro{cmsyear}}}}

\newbibmacro*{letter+date}{% New for 0.9
  \iftoggle{cms@switchdates}%
  {\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{year}\AND\iffieldundef{month}}%
    {}%
    {\cms@datelongalt}}%
  {\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{origyear}\AND\iffieldundef{origmonth}}%
    {}%
    {\cms@datelong}}}

\newbibmacro*{unpubl+letter+date}{% For Misc entries
  \iftoggle{cms@switchdates}%
  {\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{year}\AND\iffieldundef{month}}%
    {}%
    {\cms@datelongalt}}%
  {\ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{origyear}\AND\iffieldundef{origmonth}}%
    {\printdate}% For interviews and other dated non-letters.
    {\cms@datelong}}}

\renewbibmacro*{date}{% New for 0.9
  \iftoggle{cms@switchdates}%
  {\printorigdate}%
  {\printdate}}

\newbibmacro*{cmsorigdate}{% New for 0.9
  \iftoggle{cms@switchdates}%
  {\printdate}%
  {\printorigdate}}

\newbibmacro*{cmsyear}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@switchdates}%
  {\printfield{origyear}}%
  {\printfield{year}}}

\newbibmacro*{number+or+month}{%
  \iffieldundef{number}%
  {\usebibmacro{date}}%
  {\iftoggle{cms@numbermonth}%
    {\usebibmacro{date}}%
    {\usebibmacro{cmsyear}}}}

\newcommand*{\cms@datelong}{% Modified for 0.9
  \iffieldundef{origmonth}%
  {\printfield{origyear}}%
  {\printfield[letterday]{origday}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
    \mkbibmonth{\thefield{origmonth}}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
    \printfield{origyear}}}%

\newcommand*{\cms@datelongalt}{% Modified for 0.9
  \iffieldundef{month}%
  {\printfield{year}}%
  {\printfield[letterday]{day}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
    \mkbibmonth{\thefield{month}}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
    \printfield{year}}}%

\newcommand*{\letterdatelong}{% Modified for 0.9
  \iftoggle{cms@switchdates}% This one for users
  {\iffieldundef{year}% Previous two for internal use
    {}%
    {\iffieldundef{month}%
      {\printfield{year}}%
      {\printfield[letterday]{day}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
        \mkbibmonth{\thefield{month}}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
        \printfield{year}}}}%
  {\iffieldundef{origyear}%
    {}%
    {\iffieldundef{origmonth}%
      {\printfield{origyear}}%
      {\printfield[letterday]{origday}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
        \mkbibmonth{\thefield{origmonth}}\setunit{\nobreakspace}%
        \printfield{origyear}}}}}%

\newbibmacro*{cjournal+ser+vol+num}{%
  \usebibmacro{journal+sub}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \printlist[periodplace]{location}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \iffieldundef{series}
    {}
    {\newcunit
      \printfield[jourser]{series}%
      \newcunit}%\setunit*{\addspace}?
  \printfield[jourvol]{volume}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}% need * here?
  \printfield[journum]{number}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{eid}%
  \newunit}

\newbibmacro*{cperiodical+ser+vol+num}{% For periodical entries,
  \printtext[title]{% article subtype
    \printfield[noformat]{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}% 
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \printlist[periodplace]{location}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \iffieldundef{series}
    {}
    {\newcunit
      \printfield[jourser]{series}%
      \newcunit}%\setunit*{\addspace}?
  \printfield[jourvol]{volume}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}% need * here?
  \printfield[journum]{number}%
  \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
  \printfield{eid}%
  \newunit}

\newbibmacro*{journal+sub}{%
  \iffieldundef{journaltitle}
    {}
    {\printtext[journaltitle]{%
       \printfield[noformat]{journaltitle}%
       \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
       \printfield[noformat]{journalsubtitle}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cite+doi+url}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@doi}%
  {\printfield{doi}}%
  {}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \iftoggle{cms@url}%
  {\usebibmacro{url+date}}%
  {}}

\newbibmacro*{url+date}{% Changed for 0.9
  \printfield{url}%
  \iffieldundef{urlyear}
    {}
    {\setunit{\addspace}%
     \printtext[urldate]{\printurldate}}}

\newbibmacro*{chap+pag}{%
  \printfield{chapter}%
  \setunit*{\addcomma\space}%
  \printfield{pages}}

\newbibmacro*{mag+news+date}{%
  \ifnameundef{author}%
  {\usebibmacro{date+issue}}%
  {\usebibmacro{mag+date+issue}}}

\newbibmacro*{date+issue}{%
  \iffieldundef{issue}
  {\iffieldundef{number}%
    {\usebibmacro{date}}%
    {\iftoggle{cms@numbermonth}% For exclusion of month
      {\usebibmacro{date}}%
      {\usebibmacro{cmsyear}}%
      \setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
      \printfield[journum]{number}}}%
  {\printfield{issue}%
    \setunit{\addspace}%
    \usebibmacro{cmsyear}}}

\newbibmacro*{mag+date+issue}{%
  \usebibmacro{journal+sub}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \printlist[periodplace]{location}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{usera}% For network ID and possible section of newspaper.
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{date+issue}}

\newbibmacro*{periodical+date+issue}{% For periodical type &
  \printtext[title]{% magazine subtype
    \printfield[noformat]{title}%
    \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
    \printfield[noformat]{subtitle}}%
  \setunit*{\addspace}%
  \printlist[periodplace]{location}%
  \newcunit\newblock
  \printfield{usera}% For network ID and possible section of newspaper.
  \newcunit\newblock
  \usebibmacro{date+issue}}

\newbibmacro*{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
  {}
  {\iffieldundef{volume}
    {\printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{maintitleaddon}}
  {\printfield{volume}%
    \printfield{part}%
    \setunit{\addspace}
    \bibstring{ofseries}%
    \setunit{\addspace}
    \printtext[maintitle]{%
      \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{maintitleaddon}}}}

\newbibmacro*{crefmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+title+stitle}{%
  \iffieldundef{booktitle}
  {\usebibmacro{citaltitle+stitle}}%
  {\usebibmacro{btitle+bstitle}}%
  \newcunit% need this?
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
  {}
  {\iffieldundef{volume}
    {\printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{maintitleaddon}}
  {\printfield{volume}%
    \printfield{part}%
    \setunit{\addspace}
    \bibstring{ofseries}%
    \setunit{\addspace}
    \printtext[maintitle]{%
      \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{maintitleaddon}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cmtitle+mstitle+vol+part+btitle+bstitle}{%
  \usebibmacro{btitle+bstitle}%
  \newcunit
  \iffieldundef{maintitle}
  {}
  {\iffieldundef{volume}
    {\printtext[maintitle]{%
        \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{maintitleaddon}}
  {\printfield{volume}%
    \printfield{part}%
    \setunit{\addspace}
    \bibstring{ofseries}%
    \setunit{\addspace}
    \printtext[maintitle]{%
      \printfield[noformat]{maintitle}%
      \setunit{\addcolon\addspace}%
      \printfield[noformat]{mainsubtitle}}%
    \newcunit
    \printfield{maintitleaddon}}}}

\newbibmacro{cite:postnote}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@loccit}%
  {}%
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}}

\renewbibmacro*{postnote}{%
  \iftoggle{cms@fullnote}%
  {\global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
    \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}
  {\iftoggle{cms@printshhand}
    {\iffieldundef{postnote}%
      {\iffieldundef{shorthand}
        {\global\togglefalse{cms@printshhand}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}
        {\usebibmacro{cms:shorthandintro}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@printshhand}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}}
      {\iffieldundef{shorthand}
        {\postnotedelim%
          \printfield{postnote}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@printshhand}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}
        {\postnotedelim%
          \printfield{postnote}%
          \usebibmacro{cms:shorthandintro}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@printshhand}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
          \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}}}
    {\iffieldundef{postnote}%
      {\global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
        \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}
      {\postnotedelim%
        \printfield{postnote}%
        \global\togglefalse{cms@shortnote}%
        \global\togglefalse{cms@fullnote}}}}}%

\newbibmacro*{fullpostnote}{%
  \iffieldundef{postnote}%
  {\iffieldundef{chapter}%
    {\iffieldundef{pages}%
      {}%
      {\postnotedelim%
        \printfield{pages}}}%
    {\postnotedelim%
      \printfield{chapter}}}%
  {\postnotedelim%
    \printfield{postnote}}}

\newbibmacro*{inreffullpostnote}{%
  \iffieldundef{postnote}%
  {\iffieldundef{chapter}%
    {\iffieldundef{pages}%
      {\newcunit%\addcomma\addspace% Change to axe spurious comma
        \printlist[][-\value{listtotal}]{lista}}%
      {\postnotedelim%
        \printfield{pages}}}%
    {\postnotedelim%
      \printfield{chapter}}}%
  {\postnotedelim%
    \printfield{postnote}}}

\newbibmacro*{xrefpostnote}{% Only for crossrefed (or xrefed) InCollection,
  \iffieldundef{postnote}%    InProceedings, or CustomA entries
  {\iffieldundef{chapter}%
    {\iffieldundef{pages}%
      {}%
      {\addcomma\addspace%
        \printfield{pages}}}%
    {\addcomma\addspace%
      \printfield{chapter}}}%
  {}}% The postnote field already shows up because of the fullpostnote
     % call.

\newbibmacro*{hlprenote}{% Removes spurious comma after prenote in
  \iffieldundef{prenote}%  \headlessfullnote citations.
    {}
    {\printfield{prenote}%
     \nopunct}}% Do we need \unspace here?

\newbibmacro*{hlcprenote}{% As previous, but for generalized \headlesscite
  \iffieldundef{prenote}% command, rather than \headlessfullcite.
    {\bibsentence}% Needed for Ibid to be capitalized.
    {\printfield{prenote}%
      \ifciteseen{\addspace}{\nopunct}}}% Do we need \unspace here?

\newbibmacro*{part+editor+translator}{%
  \ifnameundef{namea}%
  {\ifnameundef{nameb}%
    {}
    {\bibstring{bytranslator}\space%
    \printnames[bytranslator]{nameb}}}%
{\ifnamesequal{namea}{nameb}%
  {\bibstring{byeditortr}\space%
    \printnames[byeditor]{namea}}%
  {\bibstring{byeditor}\space%
    \printnames[byeditor]{namea}%
    \ifnameundef{nameb}%
    {}
    {\newunit
      \bibstring{bytranslator}\space%
      \printnames[bytranslator]{nameb}}}}}

\newbibmacro*{cpart+editor+translator}{%
  \ifnameundef{namea}%
  {\ifnameundef{nameb}%
    {}
    {\bibstring{cbytranslator}\space%
    \printnames[bytranslator]{nameb}}}%
{\ifnamesequal{namea}{nameb}%
  {\bibstring{cbyeditortr}\space%
    \printnames[byeditor]{namea}}%
  {\bibstring{cbyeditor}\space% Need this \space here?
    \printnames[byeditor]{namea}%
    \ifnameundef{nameb}%
    {}
    {\newcunit
      \bibstring{cbytranslator}\space%
      \printnames[bytranslator]{nameb}}}}}

\newbibmacro*{compilestrg}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{namec}>1\OR\ifandothers{namec}}
  {\bibstring{compilers}}
  {\bibstring{compiler}}
  \clearname{namec}}

\newbibmacro*{transstrg}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{translator}>1\OR\ifandothers{translator}}
    {\ifnamesequal{translator}{namec}%
      {\bibstring{transcompilers}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\bibstring{translators}}}%
    {\ifnamesequal{translator}{namec}%
      {\bibstring{transcompiler}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\bibstring{translator}}}
    \clearname{translator}}

\newbibmacro*{parttransstrg}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{nameb}>1\OR\ifandothers{nameb}}
    {\ifnamesequal{nameb}{namec}%
      {\bibstring{transcompilers}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\bibstring{translators}}}%
    {\ifnamesequal{nameb}{namec}%
      {\bibstring{transcompiler}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\bibstring{translator}}}
    \clearname{nameb}}

\newbibmacro*{editstrg}{% Test added for 0.9
  \ifthenelse{\iffieldundef{editortype}\OR
    \iffieldequalstr{editortype}{editor}}
  {\ifthenelse{\value{editor}>1\OR\ifandothers{editor}}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}\AND
        \ifnamesequal{editor}{namec}}
      {\bibstring{editortranscompilers}%
        \clearname{translator}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\ifnamesequal{editor}{namec}%
        {\bibstring{editorcompilers}%
          \clearname{namec}}%
        {\ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}%
          {\bibstring{editortranslators}%
            \clearname{translator}}%
          {\bibstring{editors}}}}}%
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}\AND
        \ifnamesequal{editor}{namec}}
      {\bibstring{editortranscompiler}%
        \clearname{translator}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\ifnamesequal{editor}{namec}%
        {\bibstring{editorcompiler}%
          \clearname{namec}}%
        {\ifnamesequal{editor}{translator}%
          {\bibstring{editortranslator}%
            \clearname{translator}}%
          {\bibstring{editor}}}}}}%
  {\ifthenelse{\value{editor}>1\OR\ifandothers{editor}}
    {\bibstring{\thefield{editortype}s}}
    {\bibstring{\thefield{editortype}}}}
  \clearname{editor}}

\newbibmacro*{parteditstrg}{%
  \ifthenelse{\value{namea}>1\OR\ifandothers{namea}}
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnamesequal{namea}{nameb}\AND
        \ifnamesequal{namea}{namec}}
      {\bibstring{editortranscompilers}%
        \clearname{nameb}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\ifnamesequal{namea}{namec}%
        {\bibstring{editorcompilers}%
          \clearname{namec}}%
        {\ifnamesequal{namea}{nameb}%
          {\bibstring{editortranslators}%
            \clearname{nameb}}%
          {\bibstring{editors}}}}}%
    {\ifthenelse{\ifnamesequal{namea}{nameb}\AND
        \ifnamesequal{namea}{namec}}
      {\bibstring{editortranscompiler}%
        \clearname{nameb}%
        \clearname{namec}}%
      {\ifnamesequal{namea}{namec}%
        {\bibstring{editorcompiler}%
          \clearname{namec}}%
        {\ifnamesequal{namea}{nameb}%
          {\bibstring{editortranslator}%
            \clearname{nameb}}%
          {\bibstring{editor}}}}}%
    \clearname{namea}}

\newbibmacro*{clearpublin}{%
  \clearname{author}%
  \clearname{namea}%
  \clearname{nameb}%
  \clearfield{nameaddon}%
  \clearfield{title}%
  \clearfield{subtitle}%
  \clearfield{titleaddon}%
  \clearfield{reprinttitle}%
  \clearfield{usere}%
  \clearlist{language}%
}

\endinput