\documentclass{minimal}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[axis background/.style={fill=blue!10, draw=black, line width=1pt},
    axis x line=center, axis y line=center, 
    xmin=-1, xmax=1, ymin=-1, ymax=1]
\addplot {x};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

