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%% File: l3token.dtx Copyright (C) 2005-2015 The LaTeX3 Project
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%
%<*driver>
\documentclass[full]{l3doc}
%</driver>
%<*driver|package>
\GetIdInfo$Id: l3token.dtx 6114 2015-09-28 21:32:37Z bruno $
  {L3 Experimental token manipulation}
%</driver|package>
%<*driver>
\begin{document}
  \DocInput{\jobname.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
% \title{^^A
%   The \pkg{l3token} package\\ Token manipulation^^A
%   \thanks{This file describes v\ExplFileVersion,
%      last revised \ExplFileDate.}^^A
% }
%
% \author{^^A
%  The \LaTeX3 Project\thanks
%    {^^A
%      E-mail:
%        \href{mailto:latex-team@latex-project.org}
%          {latex-team@latex-project.org}^^A
%    }^^A
% }
%
% \date{Released \ExplFileDate}
%
% \maketitle
%
% \begin{documentation}
%
% This module deals with tokens. Now this is perhaps not the most
% precise description so let's try with a better description: When
% programming in \TeX{}, it is often desirable to know just what a
% certain token is: is it a control sequence or something
% else. Similarly one often needs to know if a control sequence is
% expandable or not, a macro or a primitive, how many arguments it
% takes etc. Another thing of great importance (especially when it
% comes to document commands) is looking ahead in the token stream to
% see if a certain character is present and maybe even remove it or
% disregard other tokens while scanning. This module provides
% functions for both and as such will have two primary function
% categories: |\token_| for anything that deals with tokens and
% |\peek_| for looking ahead in the token stream.
%
% Most of the time we will be using the term \enquote{token} but most of the
% time the function we're describing can equally well by used on a
% control sequence as such one is one token as well.
%
% We shall refer to list of tokens as |tlist|s and such lists
% represented by a single control sequence is a \enquote{token list variable}
% |tl var|. Functions for these two types are found in the \textsf{l3tl}
% module.
%
% \section{All possible tokens}
%
% Let us start by reviewing every case that a given token can fall into.
% It is very important to distinguish two aspects of a token: its meaning,
% and what it looks like.
%
% For instance, \cs{if:w}, \cs{if_charcode:w}, and \cs{tex_if:D} are
% three names for the same internal operation of \TeX{}, namely the primitive
% testing the next two characters for equality of their character code.
% They behave identically in many situations. However, \TeX{}
% distinguishes them when searching for a delimited argument. Namely, the
% example function |\show_until_if:w| defined below will take everything
% until \cs{if:w} as an argument, despite the presence of other copies of
% \cs{if:w} under different names.
% \begin{verbatim}
% \cs_new:Npn \show_until_if:w #1 \if:w { \tl_show:n {#1} }
% \show_until_if:w \tex_if:D \if_charcode:w \if:w
% \end{verbatim}
%
% \section{Character tokens}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-09]
%   {
%     \char_set_catcode_escape:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_begin:N      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_end:N        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:N      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_alignment:N        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_end_line:N         ,
%     \char_set_catcode_parameter:N        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_superscript:N ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:N   ,
%     \char_set_catcode_ignore:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_space:N            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_letter:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_other:N            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_active:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_comment:N          ,
%     \char_set_catcode_invalid:N
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_catcode_letter:N} \meta{character}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Sets the category code of the \meta{character} to that indicated in
%   the function name. Depending on the current category code of the
%   \meta{token} the escape token may also be needed:
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \char_set_catcode_other:N \%
%   \end{verbatim}
%   The assignment is local.  These commands update
%   \cs{l_char_special_seq} as appropriate by adding or removing the
%   \meta{character}, and in package mode they also update
%   \tn{dospecials} (plain \TeX{} and \LaTeXe{}) and \cs{@sanitize}
%   (\LaTeXe{} only).  The \cs{char_set_catcode_active:N} command
%   also adds the active character to \cs{l_char_active_seq}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-09]
%   {
%     \char_set_catcode_escape:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_begin:n      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_end:n        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:n       ,
%     \char_set_catcode_alignment:n        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_end_line:n         ,
%     \char_set_catcode_parameter:n        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_superscript:n ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:n   ,
%     \char_set_catcode_ignore:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_space:n            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_letter:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_other:n            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_active:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_comment:n          ,
%     \char_set_catcode_invalid:n
%   }
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_catcode_letter:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Sets the category code of the \meta{character} which has character
%   code as given by the \meta{integer expression}. This version can be
%   used to set up characters which cannot otherwise be given
%   (\emph{cf.}~the \texttt{N}-type variants). The assignment is local.
%   These commands update \cs{l_char_special_seq} as appropriate by
%   adding or removing the \meta{character}, and in package mode they
%   also update \tn{dospecials} (plain \TeX{} and \LaTeXe{}) and
%   \cs{@sanitize} (\LaTeXe{} only).  The \cs{char_set_catcode_active:n}
%   command also adds the active character to \cs{l_char_active_seq}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-09]{\char_set_catcode:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_catcode:nn} \Arg{intexpr_1} \Arg{intexpr_2}
%   \end{syntax}
%   These functions set the category code of the \meta{character} which
%   has character code as given by the \meta{integer expression}.
%   The first \meta{integer expression}
%   is the character code and the second is the category code to apply.
%   The setting applies within the current \TeX{} group. In general, the
%   symbolic functions \cs{char_set_catcode_\meta{type}} should be preferred,
%   but there are cases where these lower-level functions may be useful.
%   This command updates \cs{l_char_special_seq} as appropriate by
%   adding or removing the \meta{character}, and in package mode it
%   also updates \tn{dospecials} (plain \TeX{} and \LaTeXe{}) and
%   \cs{@sanitize} (\LaTeXe{} only).
%   If the category code is $13$ (active), the active character is
%   added to \cs{l_char_active_seq}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\char_value_catcode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_value_catcode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Expands to the current category code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the
%   \meta{integer expression}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\char_show_value_catcode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_show_value_catcode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Displays the current category code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the  \meta{integer expression} on the
%   terminal.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-06]{\char_set_lccode:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_lcode:nn} \Arg{intexpr_1} \Arg{intexpr_2}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Sets up the behaviour of the \meta{character} when
%   found inside \cs{tl_to_lowercase:n}, such that \meta{character_1}
%   will be converted into \meta{character_2}. The two \meta{characters}
%   may be specified using an \meta{integer expression} for the character code
%   concerned. This may include the \TeX{} |`|\meta{character}
%   method for converting a single character into its character
%   code:
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \char_set_lccode:nn { `\A } { `\a } % Standard behaviour
%     \char_set_lccode:nn { `\A } { `\A + 32 }
%     \char_set_lccode:nn { 50 } { 60 }
%   \end{verbatim}
%   The setting applies within the current \TeX{} group.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\char_value_lccode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_value_lccode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Expands to the current lower case code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the
%   \meta{integer expression}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\char_show_value_lccode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_show_value_lccode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Displays the current lower case code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the  \meta{integer expression} on the
%   terminal.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-06]{\char_set_uccode:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_uccode:nn} \Arg{intexpr_1} \Arg{intexpr_2}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Sets up the behaviour of the \meta{character} when
%   found inside \cs{tl_to_uppercase:n}, such that \meta{character_1}
%   will be converted into \meta{character_2}. The two \meta{characters}
%   may be specified using an \meta{integer expression} for the character code
%   concerned. This may include the \TeX{} |`|\meta{character}
%   method for converting a single character into its character
%   code:
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \char_set_uccode:nn { `\a } { `\A } % Standard behaviour
%     \char_set_uccode:nn { `\A } { `\A - 32 }
%     \char_set_uccode:nn { 60 } { 50 }
%   \end{verbatim}
%   The setting applies within the current \TeX{} group.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\char_value_uccode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_value_uccode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Expands to the current upper case code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the
%   \meta{integer expression}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\char_show_value_uccode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_show_value_uccode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Displays the current upper case code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the  \meta{integer expression} on the
%   terminal.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-06]{\char_set_mathcode:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_mathcode:nn} \Arg{intexpr_1} \Arg{intexpr_2}
%   \end{syntax}
%   This function sets up the math code of \meta{character}.
%   The \meta{character} is specified as
%   an \meta{integer expression} which will be used as the character
%   code of the relevant character. The setting applies within the
%   current \TeX{} group.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\char_value_mathcode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_value_mathcode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Expands to the current math code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the
%   \meta{integer expression}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\char_show_value_mathcode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_show_value_mathcode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Displays the current math code of the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the  \meta{integer expression} on the
%   terminal.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2015-08-06]{\char_set_sfcode:nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_set_sfcode:nn} \Arg{intexpr_1} \Arg{intexpr_2}
%   \end{syntax}
%   This function sets up the space factor for the \meta{character}.
%   The \meta{character} is specified as
%   an \meta{integer expression} which will be used as the character
%   code of the relevant character. The setting applies within the
%   current \TeX{} group.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\char_value_sfcode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_value_sfcode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Expands to the current space factor for the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the
%   \meta{integer expression}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\char_show_value_sfcode:n}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{char_show_value_sfcode:n} \Arg{integer expression}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Displays the current space factor for the \meta{character} with
%   character code given by the  \meta{integer expression} on the
%   terminal.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{variable}[added = 2012-01-23, updated = 2015-08-09]{\l_char_active_seq}
%   Used to track which tokens may require special handling at the document
%   level as they are (or have been at some point)
%   of category \meta{active} (catcode~$13$). Each entry in
%   the sequence consists of a single active character. Active tokens should be
%   added to the sequence when they are defined for general document use.
%   This sequence is automatically updated by \cs{char_set_catcode:nn} and
%   more specific functions.
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}[added = 2012-01-23, updated = 2015-08-09]{\l_char_special_seq}
%   Used to track which tokens will require special handling when working with
%   verbatim-like material at the document level as they are not of categories
%   \meta{letter} (catcode~$11$) or \meta{other} (catcode~$12$). Each entry in
%   the sequence consists of a single escaped token, for example |\\| for the
%   backslash or |\{| for an opening brace.^^A \}
%   Escaped tokens should be added to the sequence when they are defined for
%   general document use.
%   This sequence is automatically updated by \cs{char_set_catcode:nn} and
%   more specific functions.
% \end{variable}
%
% \section{Generic tokens}
%
% \begin{function}{\token_new:Nn}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_new:Nn} \meta{token_1} \Arg{token_2}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Defines \meta{token_1} to globally be a snapshot of \meta{token_2}.
%   This will be an implicit representation of \meta{token_2}.
% \end{function}
%
% ^^A Because it's late I can't figure out a better way to handle this:
% \ExplSyntaxOn
%   \cs_set_eq:NN \c_alignment_token @
%   \cs_set_eq:NN \c_parameter_token @
% \ExplSyntaxOff
% \begin{variable}
%   {
%     \c_group_begin_token,
%     \c_group_end_token,
%     \c_math_toggle_token,
%     \c_alignment_token,
%     \c_parameter_token,
%     \c_math_superscript_token,
%     \c_math_subscript_token,
%     \c_space_token
%   }
%   These are implicit tokens which have the category code described
%   by their name. They are used internally for test purposes but
%   are also available to the programmer for other uses.
% \end{variable}
% \ExplSyntaxOn
%   \cs_set_eq:NN \c_alignment_token &
%   \cs_set_eq:NN \c_parameter_token #
% \ExplSyntaxOff
%
% \begin{variable}
%   {
%     \c_catcode_letter_token,
%     \c_catcode_other_token
%   }
%   These are implicit tokens which have the category code described
%   by their name. They are used internally for test purposes and should
%   not be used other than for category code tests.
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\c_catcode_active_tl}
%   A token list containing an active token. This is used internally
%   for test purposes and should not be used other than in
%   appropriately-constructed category code tests.
% \end{variable}
%
% \section{Converting tokens}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\token_to_meaning:N, \token_to_meaning:c}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_to_meaning:N} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Inserts the current meaning of the \meta{token} into the input
%   stream as a series of characters of category code $12$ (other).
%   This will be the primitive \TeX{} description of the \meta{token},
%   thus for example both functions defined by \cs{cs_set_nopar:Npn}
%   and token list variables defined using \cs{tl_new:N} will be described
%   as |macro|s.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     This is the \TeX{} primitive \tn{meaning}.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\token_to_str:N, \token_to_str:c}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_to_str:N} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Converts the given \meta{token} into a series of characters with
%   category code $12$ (other). The current escape character will be
%   the first character in the sequence, although this will also have
%   category code $12$ (the escape character is part of the
%   \meta{token}). This function requires only a single expansion.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     \cs{token_to_str:N} is the \TeX{} primitive \tn{string} renamed.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Token conditionals}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_group_begin:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_group_begin_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_group_begin:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a begin group token
%   (|{| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in ^^A }
%   force).
%   Note that an explicit begin group token cannot be tested in this way,
%   as it is not a valid \texttt{N}-type argument.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_group_end:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_group_end_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_group_end:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%    \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of an end group token
%   (^^A {
%   |}| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in force).
%   Note that an explicit end group token cannot be tested in this way,
%   as it is not a valid \texttt{N}-type argument.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_math_toggle:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_math_toggle_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_math_toggle:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a math shift token
%   (|$| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in force).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_alignment:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_alignment_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_alignment:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of an alignment token
%   (|&| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in force).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_parameter:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_parameter_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_alignment:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a macro parameter token
%   (|#| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in force).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_math_superscript:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_math_superscript_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_math_superscript:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a superscript token
%   (|^| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in force).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_math_subscript:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_math_subscript_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_math_subscript:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a subscript token
%   (|_| when normal \TeX{} category codes are in force).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_space:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_space_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_space:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a space token.
%   Note that an explicit space token with character code $32$ cannot
%   be tested in this way, as it is not a valid \texttt{N}-type argument.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_letter:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_letter_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_letter:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of a letter token.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_other:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_other_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_other:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of an \enquote{other}
%   token.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_active:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_active_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_active:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if \meta{token} has the category code of an active character.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_eq_catcode:NN}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_eq_catcode_p:NN} \meta{token_1} \meta{token_2} \\
%     \cs{token_if_eq_catcode:NNTF} \meta{token_1} \meta{token_2} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the two \meta{tokens} have the same category code.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_eq_charcode:NN}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_eq_charcode_p:NN} \meta{token_1} \meta{token_2} \\
%     \cs{token_if_eq_charcode:NNTF} \meta{token_1} \meta{token_2} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the two \meta{tokens} have the same character code.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_eq_meaning:NN}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_eq_meaning_p:NN} \meta{token_1} \meta{token_2} \\
%     \cs{token_if_eq_meaning:NNTF} \meta{token_1} \meta{token_2} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the two \meta{tokens} have the same meaning when expanded.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2011-05-23, EXP,pTF]{\token_if_macro:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_macro_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_macro:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is a \TeX{} macro.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_cs:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_cs_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_cs:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is a control sequence.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF]{\token_if_expandable:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_expandable_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_expandable:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is expandable. This test returns \meta{false}
%   for an undefined token.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_long_macro:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_long_macro_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_long_macro:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is a long macro.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_protected_macro:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_protected_macro_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_protected_macro:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is a protected macro: a macro which
%   is both protected and long will return logical \texttt{false}.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_protected_long_macro:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_protected_long_macro_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_protected_long_macro:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is a protected long macro.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_chardef:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_chardef_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_chardef:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a chardef.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     Booleans, boxes and small integer constants are implemented as
%     chardefs.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_mathchardef:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_mathchardef_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_mathchardef:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a mathchardef.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_dim_register:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_dim_register_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_dim_register:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a dimension register.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_int_register:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_int_register_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_int_register:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a integer register.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     Constant integers may be implemented as integer registers,
%     chardefs, or mathchardefs depending on their value.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, added=2012-02-15]{\token_if_muskip_register:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_muskip_register_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_muskip_register:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a muskip register.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_skip_register:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_skip_register_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_skip_register:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a skip register.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP,pTF, updated=2012-01-20]{\token_if_toks_register:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_toks_register_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_toks_register:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is defined to be a toks register
%   (not used by\LaTeX3).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2011-05-23, EXP,pTF]{\token_if_primitive:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_if_primitive_p:N} \meta{token} \\
%     \cs{token_if_primitive:NTF} \meta{token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the \meta{token} is an engine primitive.
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Peeking ahead at the next token}
%
% There is often a need to look ahead at the next token in the input
% stream while leaving it in place. This is handled using the
% \enquote{peek} functions. The generic \cs{peek_after:Nw} is
% provided along with a family of predefined tests for common cases.
% As peeking ahead does \emph{not} skip spaces the predefined tests
% include both a space-respecting and space-skipping version.
%
% \begin{function}{\peek_after:Nw}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_after:Nw} \meta{function} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Locally sets the test variable \cs{l_peek_token} equal to \meta{token}
%   (as an implicit token, \emph{not} as a token list), and then
%   expands the \meta{function}. The \meta{token} will remain in
%   the input stream as the next item after the \meta{function}.
%   The \meta{token} here may be \verb*| |, |{| or |}| (assuming
%   normal \TeX{} category codes), \emph{i.e.}~it is not necessarily the
%   next argument which would be grabbed by a normal function.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}{\peek_gafter:Nw}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_gafter:Nw} \meta{function} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Globally sets the test variable \cs{g_peek_token} equal to \meta{token}
%   (as an implicit token, \emph{not} as a token list), and then
%   expands the \meta{function}. The \meta{token} will remain in
%   the input stream as the next item after the \meta{function}.
%   The \meta{token} here may be \verb*| |, |{| or |}| (assuming
%   normal \TeX{} category codes), \emph{i.e.}~it is not necessarily the
%   next argument which would be grabbed by a normal function.
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_peek_token}
%  Token set by \cs{peek_after:Nw} and available for testing
%  as described above.
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\g_peek_token}
%  Token set by \cs{peek_gafter:Nw} and available for testing
%  as described above.
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]{\peek_catcode:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_catcode:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next \meta{token} in the input stream has the same
%   category code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_catcode:NNTF}). Spaces are respected by the test
%   and the \meta{token} will be left in the input stream after
%   the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} (as appropriate to the
%   result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]{\peek_catcode_ignore_spaces:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_catcode_ignore_spaces:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next non-space \meta{token} in the input stream has the
%   same category code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_catcode:NNTF}).  Explicit and implicit space tokens
%   (with character code 32 and category code 10) are ignored and
%   removed by the test and the \meta{token} will be left in the input
%   stream after the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} (as
%   appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]{\peek_catcode_remove:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_catcode_remove:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next \meta{token} in the input stream has the same
%   category code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_catcode:NNTF}). Spaces are respected by the test
%   and the \meta{token} will be removed from the input stream if the
%   test is true. The function will then place either the
%   \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} in the input stream (as
%   appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]
%   {\peek_catcode_remove_ignore_spaces:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_catcode_remove_ignore_spaces:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next non-space \meta{token} in the input stream has the
%   same category code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_catcode:NNTF}).  Explicit and implicit space tokens
%   (with character code 32 and category code 10) are ignored and
%   removed by the test and the \meta{token} will be removed from the
%   input stream if the test is true. The function will then place
%   either the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} in the input stream
%   (as appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]{\peek_charcode:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_charcode:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next \meta{token} in the input stream has the same
%   character code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_charcode:NNTF}). Spaces are respected by the test
%   and the \meta{token} will be left in the input stream after
%   the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} (as appropriate to the
%   result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]{\peek_charcode_ignore_spaces:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_charcode_ignore_spaces:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next non-space \meta{token} in the input stream has the
%   same character code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_charcode:NNTF}).  Explicit and implicit space tokens
%   (with character code 32 and category code 10) are ignored and removed by
%   the test and the \meta{token} will be left in the input stream after
%   the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} (as appropriate to the
%   result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]{\peek_charcode_remove:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_charcode_remove:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next \meta{token} in the input stream has the same
%   character code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_charcode:NNTF}). Spaces are respected by the test
%   and the \meta{token} will be removed from the input stream if the
%   test is true. The function will then place either the
%   \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} in the input stream (as
%   appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-20, TF]
%   {\peek_charcode_remove_ignore_spaces:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_charcode_remove_ignore_spaces:NTF} \meta{test token}
%     ~~\Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next non-space \meta{token} in the input stream has the
%   same character code as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_charcode:NNTF}).  Explicit and implicit space tokens
%   (with character code 32 and category code 10) are ignored and
%   removed by the test and the \meta{token} will be removed from the
%   input stream if the test is true. The function will then place
%   either the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} in the input stream
%   (as appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2011-07-02, TF]{\peek_meaning:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_meaning:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next \meta{token} in the input stream has the same
%   meaning as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_meaning:NNTF}). Spaces are respected by the test
%   and the \meta{token} will be left in the input stream after
%   the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} (as appropriate to the
%   result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-05, TF]{\peek_meaning_ignore_spaces:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_meaning_ignore_spaces:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next non-space \meta{token} in the input stream has the
%   same meaning as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_meaning:NNTF}).  Explicit and implicit space tokens
%   (with character code 32 and category code 10) are ignored and
%   removed by the test and the \meta{token} will be left in the input
%   stream after the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} (as
%   appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2011-07-02, TF]{\peek_meaning_remove:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_meaning_remove:NTF} \meta{test token} \Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next \meta{token} in the input stream has the same
%   meaning as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_meaning:NNTF}). Spaces are respected by the test
%   and the \meta{token} will be removed from the input stream if the
%   test is true. The function will then place either the
%   \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} in the input stream (as
%   appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[updated = 2012-12-05, TF]
%   {\peek_meaning_remove_ignore_spaces:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{peek_meaning_remove_ignore_spaces:NTF} \meta{test token}
%     ~~\Arg{true code} \Arg{false code}
%   \end{syntax}
%   Tests if the next non-space \meta{token} in the input stream has the
%   same meaning as the \meta{test token} (as defined by the test
%   \cs{token_if_eq_meaning:NNTF}).  Explicit and implicit space tokens
%   (with character code 32 and category code 10) are ignored and
%   removed by the test and the \meta{token} will be removed from the
%   input stream if the test is true. The function will then place
%   either the \meta{true code} or \meta{false code} in the input stream
%   (as appropriate to the result of the test).
% \end{function}
%
% \section{Decomposing a macro definition}
%
% These functions decompose \TeX{} macros into their constituent
% parts: if the \meta{token} passed is not a macro then no decomposition
% can occur. In the later case, all three functions leave \cs{scan_stop:}
% in the input stream.
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\token_get_arg_spec:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_get_arg_spec:N} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   If the \meta{token} is a macro, this function will leave
%   the primitive \TeX{} argument specification in input stream as
%   a string of tokens of category code $12$ (with spaces having category
%   code $10$). Thus for example for a token \cs{next} defined by
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \cs_set:Npn \next #1#2 { x #1 y #2 }
%   \end{verbatim}
%   will leave |#1#2| in the input stream. If the \meta{token} is
%   not a macro then \cs{scan_stop:} will be left in the input stream.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     If the arg~spec. contains the string |->|, then the |spec| function
%     will produce incorrect results.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\token_get_replacement_spec:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_get_replacement_spec:N} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   If the \meta{token} is a macro, this function will leave
%   the replacement text in input stream as
%   a string of tokens of category code $12$ (with spaces having category
%   code $10$). Thus for example for a token \cs{next} defined by
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \cs_set:Npn \next #1#2 { x #1~y #2 }
%   \end{verbatim}
%   will leave \verb|x#1 y#2| in the input stream. If the \meta{token} is
%   not a macro then \cs{scan_stop:} will be left in the input stream.
%   \begin{texnote}
%     If the arg~spec. contains the string |->|, then the |spec| function
%     will produce incorrect results.
%   \end{texnote}
% \end{function}
%
% \begin{function}[EXP]{\token_get_prefix_spec:N}
%   \begin{syntax}
%     \cs{token_get_prefix_spec:N} \meta{token}
%   \end{syntax}
%   If the \meta{token} is a macro, this function will leave
%   the \TeX{} prefixes applicable in input stream as
%   a string of tokens of category code $12$ (with spaces having category
%   code $10$). Thus for example for a token \cs{next} defined by
%   \begin{verbatim}
%     \cs_set:Npn \next #1#2 { x #1~y #2 }
%   \end{verbatim}
%   will leave |\long| in the input stream. If the \meta{token} is
%   not a macro then \cs{scan_stop:} will be left in the input stream
% \end{function}
%
% \end{documentation}
%
% \begin{implementation}
%
% \section{\pkg{l3token} implementation}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*initex|package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<@@=char>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection{Character tokens}
%
% \begin{macro}{\char_set_catcode:nn}
% \begin{macro}{\char_value_catcode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_show_value_catcode:n}
% \begin{macro}[aux]
%   {
%     \@@_set_catcode:Nn,
%     \@@_set_catcode:NnNNN,
%     \@@_set_catcode:NNN,
%   }
%   Category code changes.  Besides setting the catcode using
%   \cs{tex_catcode:D}, this function keeps up to date the sequences
%   \cs{l_char_active_seq}, \cs{l_char_special_seq}, and in package
%   mode \tn{dospecials} (for plain \TeX{} and \LaTeXe{}) and
%   \tn{@sanitize} (\LaTeXe{} only) as well.  The first list contains
%   active characters, and the other three contain a single-character
%   control sequence.  These are constructed from the given character
%   code |#1| using the \tn{lowercase} primitive.  In package mode
%   there are difficulties because |\+| and the active |^^L| are
%   \tn{outer} macros.  This pushes us to only construct the
%   single-character control sequence and the active character with
%   character code |#1| if they are necessary for the update.  As a
%   start, construct an \enquote{other} (catcode~$12$) with character
%   code |#1|.  The second part of the \texttt{:Nn} auxiliary takes
%   care of \cs{l_char_active_seq}: if the new catcode is $13$
%   (active), then the active character is constructed through
%   \tn{lowercase} and added to the sequence unless it is already in
%   there.  The first part is more intricate and distinguishes the
%   case where the original catcode is special (different from letter
%   or other, since for \eTeX{}'s \tn{numexpr}, $11/2=12/2=6$) or not.
%   If it the catcode was special, the single-character control
%   sequence may need to be removed from the token lists and sequence,
%   otherwise it may need to be added to the lists.
%
%   The addition or removal is done by the \texttt{:NnNNN} auxiliary,
%   which performs the catcode assignment (note here that the arguments
%   of \cs{char_set_catcode:nn} are each evaluated exactly once), then
%   tests whether the new catcode is special or not.  If that changed
%   compared to the previous catcode, then some work is needed: pass to
%   the \texttt{:NNN} auxiliary the single-character control sequence,
%   a function acting on token lists, and a function acting on
%   sequences.  Defining this auxiliary is tricky: the odd
%   \texttt{f}-expansion expands the two \cs{tl_if_exist:NT} before the
%   definition is performed, and the macro parameter token |#| (we are
%   not yet doing a definition) stops the \texttt{f}-expansion.
%   In \LaTeXe{}, \cs{@sanitize} differs from \cs{dospecials} in that
%   it should not list begin-group and end-group character tokens.
%   For this, patch \cs{@@_set_catcode:Nn} by copying its code
%   using its \texttt{o}-expansion with arguments |#1| and |#2|
%   (braces are needed because each argument is literally two tokens,
%   a macro parameter character and a digit), and appending to it some
%   code that removes the single-character control sequence from
%   \cs{@sanitize} if the (new) catcode is $1$ or $2$.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
\tex_catcode:D `@ = \c_eleven
\tex_catcode:D \c_zero = \c_twelve
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode:nn #1#2
  {
    \group_begin:
    \char_set_lccode:nn { 0 } {#1}
    \tex_lowercase:D
      { \group_end: \@@_set_catcode:Nn ^^@ } {#2}
   }
\tex_catcode:D \c_zero = \c_thirteen
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_set_catcode:Nn #1#2
  {
    \int_compare:nNnTF { \tex_catcode:D `#1 / \c_two } = \c_six
      {
        \@@_set_catcode:NnNNN #1 {#2} \int_compare:nNnF
          \tl_put_right:Nn \seq_put_right:Nn
      }
      {
        \@@_set_catcode:NnNNN #1 {#2} \int_compare:nNnT
          \tl_remove_all:Nn \seq_remove_all:Nn
      }
    \int_compare:nNnT { \tex_catcode:D `#1 } = \c_thirteen
      {
        \group_begin:
        \char_set_lccode:nn { 0 } { `#1 }
        \tex_lowercase:D
          {
            \group_end:
            \seq_if_in:NnF \l_char_active_seq { ^^@ }
              { \seq_put_right:Nn \l_char_active_seq { ^^@ } }
          }
      }
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_set_catcode:NnNNN #1#2#3#4#5
  {
    \tex_catcode:D `#1 = \__int_eval:w #2 \__int_eval_end:
    #3 { \tex_catcode:D `#1 / \c_two } = \c_six
      {
        \group_begin: \exp_args:NNc \group_end:
        \@@_set_catcode:NNN {#1} #4 #5
      }
  }
\exp_args:Nnf \use:n
  { \cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_set_catcode:NNN #1#2#3 }
  {
%<*package>
    \tl_if_exist:NT \dospecials
      {
        \tl_if_exist:NT \@sanitize { #2 \@sanitize { \@makeother #1 } }
        #2 \dospecials { \do #1 }
      }
%</package>
    #3 \l_char_special_seq {#1}
  }
%<*package>
\tl_if_exist:NT \@sanitize
  {
    \exp_args:Nno \use:n
      { \cs_gset_protected:Npn \@@_set_catcode:Nn #1#2 }
      {
        \@@_set_catcode:Nn {#1} {#2}
        \int_compare:nNnT { \tex_catcode:D `#1 / \c_two } = \c_one
          {
            \group_begin: \exp_args:NNNx \group_end:
            \tl_remove_all:Nn \@sanitize
              { \exp_not:N \@makeother \exp_not:c {#1} }
          }
      }
  }
%</package>
\cs_new:Npn \char_value_catcode:n #1
  { \tex_the:D \tex_catcode:D \__int_eval:w #1\__int_eval_end: }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_show_value_catcode:n #1
  { \__msg_show_wrap:n { > ~ \char_value_catcode:n {#1} } }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \char_set_catcode_escape:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_begin:N      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_end:N        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:N      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_alignment:N        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_end_line:N         ,
%     \char_set_catcode_parameter:N        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_superscript:N ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:N   ,
%     \char_set_catcode_ignore:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_space:N            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_letter:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_other:N            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_active:N           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_comment:N          ,
%     \char_set_catcode_invalid:N
%   }
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_escape:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_zero }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_group_begin:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_one }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_group_end:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_two }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_three }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_alignment:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_four }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_end_line:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_five }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_parameter:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_six }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_math_superscript:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_seven }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_eight }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_ignore:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_nine }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_space:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_ten }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_letter:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_eleven }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_other:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_twelve }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_active:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_thirteen }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_comment:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_fourteen }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_invalid:N #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn { `#1 } \c_fifteen }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \char_set_catcode_escape:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_begin:n      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_group_end:n        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:n      ,
%     \char_set_catcode_alignment:n        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_end_line:n         ,
%     \char_set_catcode_parameter:n        ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_superscript:n ,
%     \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:n   ,
%     \char_set_catcode_ignore:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_space:n            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_letter:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_other:n            ,
%     \char_set_catcode_active:n           ,
%     \char_set_catcode_comment:n          ,
%     \char_set_catcode_invalid:n
%   }
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_escape:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_zero }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_group_begin:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_one }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_group_end:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_two }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_three }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_alignment:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_four }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_end_line:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_five }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_parameter:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_six }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_math_superscript:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_seven }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_eight }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_ignore:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_nine }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_space:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_ten }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_letter:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_eleven }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_other:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_twelve }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_active:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_thirteen }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_comment:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_fourteen }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_catcode_invalid:n #1
  { \char_set_catcode:nn {#1} \c_fifteen }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\char_set_mathcode:nn}
% \begin{macro}{\char_value_mathcode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_show_value_mathcode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_set_lccode:nn}
% \begin{macro}{\char_value_lccode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_show_value_lccode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_set_uccode:nn}
% \begin{macro}{\char_value_uccode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_show_value_uccode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_set_sfcode:nn}
% \begin{macro}{\char_value_sfcode:n}
% \begin{macro}{\char_show_value_sfcode:n}
%   Pretty repetitive, but necessary!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_mathcode:nn #1#2
  {
    \tex_mathcode:D \__int_eval:w #1 \__int_eval_end:
    = \__int_eval:w #2 \__int_eval_end:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \char_value_mathcode:n #1
  { \tex_the:D \tex_mathcode:D \__int_eval:w #1\__int_eval_end: }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_show_value_mathcode:n #1
  { \__msg_show_wrap:n { > ~ \char_value_mathcode:n {#1} } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_lccode:nn #1#2
  {
    \tex_lccode:D \__int_eval:w #1 \__int_eval_end:
    = \__int_eval:w #2 \__int_eval_end:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \char_value_lccode:n #1
  { \tex_the:D \tex_lccode:D \__int_eval:w #1\__int_eval_end: }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_show_value_lccode:n #1
  { \__msg_show_wrap:n { > ~ \char_value_lccode:n {#1} } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_uccode:nn #1#2
  {
    \tex_uccode:D \__int_eval:w #1 \__int_eval_end:
    = \__int_eval:w #2 \__int_eval_end:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \char_value_uccode:n #1
  { \tex_the:D \tex_uccode:D \__int_eval:w #1\__int_eval_end: }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_show_value_uccode:n #1
  { \__msg_show_wrap:n { > ~ \char_value_uccode:n {#1} } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_set_sfcode:nn #1#2
  {
    \tex_sfcode:D \__int_eval:w #1 \__int_eval_end:
    = \__int_eval:w #2 \__int_eval_end:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \char_value_sfcode:n #1
  { \tex_the:D \tex_sfcode:D \__int_eval:w #1\__int_eval_end: }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \char_show_value_sfcode:n #1
  { \__msg_show_wrap:n { > ~ \char_value_sfcode:n {#1} } }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_char_active_seq, \l_char_special_seq}
%   Two sequences for dealing with special characters. They must be defined
%   before \cs{char_set_catcode:nn} can be used.  The first is characters
%   which may be active, and contains the active characters themselves  to
%   allow easy redefinition. The second longer list is for \enquote{special}
%   characters more generally, and these are escaped so that for example
%   bulk code assignments can be carried out. In both cases, the order is
%   by \textsc{ascii} character code (as is done in for example
%   \cs{ExplSyntaxOn}). The only complication is dealing with |_|, which
%   requires the use of \cs{use:n} \emph{and} \cs{use:nn}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\seq_new:N \l_char_special_seq
\seq_set_split:Nnn \l_char_special_seq { }
  { \  \" \# \$ \% \& \\ \^ \_ \{ \} \~ }
\seq_new:N \l_char_active_seq
\use:n
  {
    \group_begin:
    \char_set_catcode_active:N \"
    \char_set_catcode_active:N \$
    \char_set_catcode_active:N \&
    \char_set_catcode_active:N \^
    \char_set_catcode_active:N \_
    \char_set_catcode_active:N \~
    \use:nn
      {
        \group_end:
        \seq_set_split:Nnn \l_char_active_seq { }
      }
  }
    { { " $ & ^ _ ~ } } %$
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \subsection{Generic tokens}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<@@=token>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \begin{macro}{\token_to_meaning:N, \token_to_meaning:c}
% \begin{macro}{\token_to_str:N, \token_to_str:c}
%   These are all defined in \pkg{l3basics}, as they are needed
%   \enquote{early}. This is just a reminder!
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\token_new:Nn}
%  Creates a new token.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \token_new:Nn #1#2 { \cs_new_eq:NN #1 #2 }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}
%   {
%     \c_group_begin_token,
%     \c_group_end_token,
%     \c_math_toggle_token,
%     \c_alignment_token,
%     \c_parameter_token,
%     \c_math_superscript_token,
%     \c_math_subscript_token,
%     \c_space_token,
%     \c_catcode_letter_token,
%     \c_catcode_other_token
%   }
%   We define these useful tokens. For the brace and space tokens things have
%   to be done by hand: the formal argument spec.~for \cs{cs_new_eq:NN} does
%   not cover them so we do things by hand. (As currently coded it would
%   \emph{work} with \cs{cs_new_eq:NN} but that's not really a great idea to
%   show off: we want people to stick to the defined interfaces and that
%   includes us.) So that these few odd names go into the log when appropriate
%   there is a need to hand-apply the \cs{__chk_if_free_cs:N} check.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
  \__chk_if_free_cs:N \c_group_begin_token
  \tex_global:D \tex_let:D \c_group_begin_token {
  \__chk_if_free_cs:N \c_group_end_token
  \tex_global:D \tex_let:D \c_group_end_token }
  \char_set_catcode_math_toggle:N \*
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_math_toggle_token *
  \char_set_catcode_alignment:N \*
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_alignment_token *
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_parameter_token #
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_math_superscript_token ^
  \char_set_catcode_math_subscript:N \*
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_math_subscript_token *
  \__chk_if_free_cs:N \c_space_token
  \use:n { \tex_global:D \tex_let:D \c_space_token = ~ } ~
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_catcode_letter_token a
  \cs_new_eq:NN \c_catcode_other_token 1
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{variable}{\c_catcode_active_tl}
%   Not an implicit token!
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
  \char_set_catcode_active:N \*
  \tl_const:Nn \c_catcode_active_tl { \exp_not:N * }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \subsection{Token conditionals}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_group_begin:N}
%   Check if token is a begin group token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_group_begin_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_group_begin:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_group_begin_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_group_end:N}
%   Check if token is a end group token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_group_end_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_group_end:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_group_end_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_math_toggle:N}
%   Check if token is a math shift token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_math_toggle_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_math_toggle:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_math_toggle_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_alignment:N}
%   Check if token is an alignment tab token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_alignment_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_alignment:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_alignment_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_parameter:N}
%   Check if token is a parameter token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_parameter_token} for this. We have to trick \TeX{} a bit to
%   avoid an error message: within a group we prevent
%   \cs{c_parameter_token} from behaving like a macro parameter character.
%   The definitions of \cs{prg_new_conditional:Npnn} are global, so they
%   will remain after the group.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
\cs_set_eq:NN \c_parameter_token \scan_stop:
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_parameter:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_parameter_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_math_superscript:N}
%   Check if token is a math superscript token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_math_superscript_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_math_superscript:N #1
  { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_math_superscript_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_math_subscript:N}
%   Check if token is a math subscript token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_math_subscript_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_math_subscript:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_math_subscript_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_space:N}
%   Check if token is a space token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_space_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_space:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_space_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_letter:N}
%   Check if token is a letter token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_catcode_letter_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_letter:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_catcode_letter_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_other:N}
%   Check if token is an other char token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_catcode_other_token} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_other:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_catcode_other_token
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_active:N}
%   Check if token is an active char token. We use the constant
%   \cs{c_catcode_active_tl} for this. A technical point is that
%   \cs{c_catcode_active_tl} is in fact a macro expanding to
%   |\exp_not:N *|, where |*| is active.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_active:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \c_catcode_active_tl
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_eq_meaning:NN}
%   Check if the tokens |#1| and |#2| have same meaning.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_eq_meaning:NN #1#2 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_meaning:w  #1  #2
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_eq_catcode:NN}
%  Check if the tokens |#1| and |#2| have same category code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_eq_catcode:NN #1#2 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \exp_not:N #2
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_eq_charcode:NN}
%  Check if the tokens |#1| and |#2| have same character code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_eq_charcode:NN #1#2 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_charcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \exp_not:N #2
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_macro:N}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_if_macro_p:w}
%   When a token is a macro, \cs{token_to_meaning:N} will always output
%   something like |\long macro:#1->#1| so we could naively check to
%   see if the meaning contains |->|. However, this can fail the five
%   \tn{...mark} primitives, whose meaning has the form
%   |...mark:|\meta{user material}. The problem is that the
%   \meta{user material} can contain |->|.
%
%   However, only characters, macros, and marks can contain the colon
%   character. The idea is thus to grab until the first |:|, and analyse
%   what is left. However, macros can have any combination of |\long|,
%   |\protected| or |\outer| (not used in \LaTeX3) before the string
%   |macro:|. We thus only select the part of the meaning between
%   the first |ma| and the first following |:|. If this string is
%   |cro|, then we have a macro. If the string is |rk|, then we have
%   a mark. The string can also be |cro parameter character | for a
%   colon with a weird category code (namely the usual category code
%   of |#|). Otherwise, it is empty.
%
%   This relies on the fact that |\long|, |\protected|, |\outer|
%   cannot contain |ma|, regardless of the escape character, even if
%   the escape character is |m|\ldots{}
%
%   Both |ma| and |:| must be of category code $12$ (other), so are
%   detokenized.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\use:x
  {
    \prg_new_conditional:Npnn \exp_not:N \token_if_macro:N ##1
      { p , T ,  F , TF }
      {
        \exp_not:N \exp_after:wN \exp_not:N \@@_if_macro_p:w
        \exp_not:N \token_to_meaning:N ##1 \tl_to_str:n { ma : }
          \exp_not:N \q_stop
      }
    \cs_new:Npn \exp_not:N  \@@_if_macro_p:w
      ##1 \tl_to_str:n { ma } ##2 \c_colon_str ##3 \exp_not:N \q_stop
  }
      {
        \if_int_compare:w \__str_if_eq_x:nn { #2 } { cro } = \c_zero
            \prg_return_true:
        \else:
            \prg_return_false:
        \fi:
      }
%    \end{macrocode}
%  \end{macro}
%  \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_cs:N}
%   Check if token has same catcode as a control sequence. This
%   follows the same pattern as for \cs{token_if_letter:N} \emph{etc.}
%   We use \cs{scan_stop:} for this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_cs:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N #1 \scan_stop:
      \prg_return_true: \else: \prg_return_false: \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_expandable:N}
%   Check if token is expandable. We use the fact that \TeX{} will
%   temporarily convert \cs{exp_not:N} \meta{token} into \cs{scan_stop:}
%   if \meta{token} is expandable.  An \texttt{undefined} token is not
%   considered as expandable.  No problem nesting the conditionals,
%   since the third |#1| is only skipped if it is non-expandable (hence
%   not part of \TeX{}'s conditional apparatus).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\prg_new_conditional:Npnn \token_if_expandable:N #1 { p , T ,  F , TF }
  {
    \exp_after:wN \if_meaning:w \exp_not:N #1 #1
      \prg_return_false:
    \else:
      \if_cs_exist:N #1
        \prg_return_true:
      \else:
        \prg_return_false:
      \fi:
    \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]
%   {
%     \@@_delimit_by_char":w,
%     \@@_delimit_by_count:w,
%     \@@_delimit_by_dimen:w,
%     \@@_delimit_by_macro:w,
%     \@@_delimit_by_muskip:w,
%     \@@_delimit_by_skip:w,
%     \@@_delimit_by_toks:w,
%   }
%   These auxiliary functions are used below to define some
%   conditionals which detect whether the \tn{meaning} of their
%   argument begins with a particular string.  Each auxiliary takes an
%   argument delimited by a string, a second one delimited by
%   \cs{q_stop}, and returns the first one and its delimiter.
%   This result will eventually be compared to another string.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
\cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_tmp:w #1
  {
    \use:x
      {
        \cs_new:Npn \exp_not:c { @@_delimit_by_ #1 :w }
            ####1 \tl_to_str:n {#1} ####2 \exp_not:N \q_stop
          { ####1 \tl_to_str:n {#1} }
      }
  }
\@@_tmp:w { char" }
\@@_tmp:w { count }
\@@_tmp:w { dimen }
\@@_tmp:w { macro }
\@@_tmp:w { muskip }
\@@_tmp:w { skip }
\@@_tmp:w { toks }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]
%   {
%     \token_if_chardef:N,               \token_if_mathchardef:N,
%                                        \token_if_long_macro:N,
%     \token_if_protected_macro:N,       \token_if_protected_long_macro:N,
%     \token_if_dim_register:N,          \token_if_int_register:N,
%     \token_if_muskip_register:N,
%     \token_if_skip_register:N,         \token_if_toks_register:N,
%   }
%   Each of these conditionals tests whether its argument's
%   \tn{meaning} starts with a given string.  This is essentially done
%   by having an auxiliary grab an argument delimited by the string and
%   testing whether the argument was empty.  Of course, a copy of this
%   string must first be added to the end of the \tn{meaning} to avoid
%   a runaway argument in case it does not contain the string.  Two
%   complications arise.  First, the escape character is not fixed, and
%   cannot be included in the delimiter of the auxiliary function (this
%   function cannot be defined on the fly because tests must remain
%   expandable): instead the first argument of the auxiliary (plus the
%   delimiter to avoid complications with trailing spaces) is compared
%   using \cs{__str_if_eq_x_return:nn} to the result of applying
%   \cs{token_to_str:N} to a control sequence.  Second, the
%   \tn{meaning} of primitives such as \tn{dimen} or \tn{dimendef}
%   starts in the same way as registers such as
%   \tn{dimen}\texttt{123}, so they must be tested for.
%
%   Characters used as delimiters must have catcode~$12$
%   and are obtained through \cs{tl_to_str:n}.  This requires doing all
%   definitions within \texttt{x}-expansion.  The temporary function
%   \cs{@@_tmp:w} used to define each conditional receives three
%   arguments: the name of the conditional, the auxiliary's delimiter
%   (also used to name the auxiliary), and the string to which one
%   compares the auxiliary's result.  Note that the \tn{meaning} of a
%   protected long macro starts with |\protected\long macro|, with no
%   space after |\protected| but a space after |\long|, hence the
%   mixture of \cs{token_to_str:N} and \cs{tl_to_str:n}.
%
%   For the first five conditionals, \cs{cs_if_exist:cT} turns out to
%   be \texttt{false}, and the code boils down to a string comparison
%   between the result of the auxiliary on the \tn{meaning} of the
%   conditional's argument~|####1|, and~|#3|.  Both are evaluated at
%   run-time, as this is important to get the correct escape character.
%
%   The other five conditionals have additional code that compares the
%   argument~|####1| to two \TeX{} primitives which would wrongly be
%   recognized as registers otherwise.  Despite using \TeX{}'s
%   primitive conditional construction, this does not break
%   when~|####1| is itself a conditional, because branches of the
%   conditionals are only skipped if |####1|~is one of the two
%   primitives that are tested for (which are not \TeX{} conditionals).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
\cs_set_protected:Npn \@@_tmp:w #1#2#3
  {
    \use:x
      {
        \prg_new_conditional:Npnn \exp_not:c { token_if_ #1 :N } ####1
          { p , T ,  F , TF }
          {
            \cs_if_exist:cT { tex_ #2 :D }
              {
                \exp_not:N \if_meaning:w ####1 \exp_not:c { tex_ #2 :D }
                \exp_not:N \prg_return_false:
                \exp_not:N \else:
                \exp_not:N \if_meaning:w ####1 \exp_not:c { tex_ #2 def:D }
                \exp_not:N \prg_return_false:
                \exp_not:N \else:
              }
            \exp_not:N \__str_if_eq_x_return:nn
              {
                \exp_not:N \exp_after:wN
                \exp_not:c { @@_delimit_by_ #2 :w }
                \exp_not:N \token_to_meaning:N ####1
                ? \tl_to_str:n {#2} \exp_not:N \q_stop
              }
              { \exp_not:n {#3} }
            \cs_if_exist:cT { tex_ #2 :D }
              {
                \exp_not:N \fi:
                \exp_not:N \fi:
              }
          }
      }
  }
\@@_tmp:w { chardef } { char" } { \token_to_str:N \char" }
\@@_tmp:w { mathchardef } { char" } { \token_to_str:N \mathchar" }
\@@_tmp:w { long_macro } { macro } { \tl_to_str:n { \long } macro }
\@@_tmp:w { protected_macro } { macro }
  { \tl_to_str:n { \protected } macro }
\@@_tmp:w { protected_long_macro } { macro }
  { \token_to_str:N \protected \tl_to_str:n { \long } macro }
\@@_tmp:w { dim_register } { dimen } { \token_to_str:N \dimen }
\@@_tmp:w { int_register } { count } { \token_to_str:N \count }
\@@_tmp:w { muskip_register } { muskip } { \token_to_str:N \muskip }
\@@_tmp:w { skip_register } { skip } { \token_to_str:N \skip }
\@@_tmp:w { toks_register } { toks } { \token_to_str:N \toks }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[pTF]{\token_if_primitive:N}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_if_primitive:NNw,
%     \@@_if_primitive_space:w,
%     \@@_if_primitive_nullfont:N,
%     \@@_if_primitive_loop:N,
%     \@@_if_primitive:Nw,
%     \@@_if_primitive_undefined:N}
%^^A See http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/browse_thread/thread/0a72666873f8753d#
%
%   We filter out macros first, because they cause endless trouble later
%   otherwise.
%
%   Primitives are almost distinguished by the fact that the result
%   of \cs{token_to_meaning:N} is formed from letters only. Every other
%   token has either a space (e.g., |the letter A|), a digit
%   (e.g., |\count123|) or a double quote (e.g., |\char"A|).
%
%   Ten exceptions: on the one hand, \cs{tex_undefined:D} is not a
%   primitive, but its meaning is |undefined|, only letters;
%   on the other hand, \tn{space}, \tn{italiccorr},
%   \tn{hyphen}, \tn{firstmark}, \tn{topmark},
%   \tn{botmark}, \tn{splitfirstmark}, \tn{splitbotmark},
%   and \tn{nullfont} are primitives, but have non-letters
%   in their meaning.
%
%   We start by removing the two first (non-space) characters from
%   the meaning. This removes the escape character (which may be
%   inexistent depending on \tn{endlinechar}), and takes care
%   of three of the exceptions: \tn{space}, \tn{italiccorr}
%   and \tn{hyphen}, whose meaning is at most two characters.
%   This leaves a string terminated by some |:|, and \cs{q_stop}.
%
%   The meaning of each one of the five \tn{...mark} primitives
%   has the form \meta{letters}|:|\meta{user material}. In other words,
%   the first non-letter is a colon. We remove everything after the first
%   colon.
%
%   We are now left with a string, which we must analyze. For primitives,
%   it contains only letters. For non-primitives, it contains either
%   |"|, or a space, or a digit. Two exceptions remain: \cs{tex_undefined:D},
%   which is not a primitive, and \tn{nullfont}, which is a primitive.
%
%   Spaces cannot be grabbed in an undelimited way, so we check them
%   separately. If there is a space, we test for \tn{nullfont}.
%   Otherwise, we go through characters one by one, and stop at the
%   first character less than |`A| (this is not quite a test for
%   \enquote{only letters}, but is close enough to work in this context).
%   If this first character is |:| then we have a primitive, or
%   \cs{tex_undefined:D}, and if it is |"| or a digit, then the token
%   is not a primitive.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tex_chardef:D \c_@@_A_int = `A ~ %
\use:x
  {
    \prg_new_conditional:Npnn \exp_not:N \token_if_primitive:N ##1
      { p , T , F , TF }
      {
        \exp_not:N \token_if_macro:NTF ##1
          \exp_not:N \prg_return_false:
          {
            \exp_not:N \exp_after:wN \exp_not:N \@@_if_primitive:NNw
            \exp_not:N \token_to_meaning:N ##1
              \tl_to_str:n { : : : } \exp_not:N \q_stop ##1
          }
      }
    \cs_new:Npn \exp_not:N \@@_if_primitive:NNw
      ##1##2 ##3 \c_colon_str ##4 \exp_not:N \q_stop
      {
        \exp_not:N \tl_if_empty:oTF
          { \exp_not:N \@@_if_primitive_space:w ##3 ~ }
          {
            \exp_not:N \@@_if_primitive_loop:N ##3
              \c_colon_str \exp_not:N \q_stop
          }
          { \exp_not:N \@@_if_primitive_nullfont:N }
      }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_if_primitive_space:w #1 ~ { }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_if_primitive_nullfont:N #1
  {
    \if_meaning:w \tex_nullfont:D #1
      \prg_return_true:
    \else:
      \prg_return_false:
    \fi:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_if_primitive_loop:N #1
  {
    \if_int_compare:w `#1 < \c_@@_A_int %
      \exp_after:wN \@@_if_primitive:Nw
      \exp_after:wN #1
    \else:
      \exp_after:wN \@@_if_primitive_loop:N
    \fi:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_if_primitive:Nw #1 #2 \q_stop
  {
    \if:w : #1
      \exp_after:wN \@@_if_primitive_undefined:N
    \else:
      \prg_return_false:
      \exp_after:wN \use_none:n
    \fi:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_if_primitive_undefined:N #1
  {
    \if_cs_exist:N #1
      \prg_return_true:
    \else:
      \prg_return_false:
    \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Peeking ahead at the next token}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<@@=peek>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% Peeking ahead is implemented using a two part mechanism. The
% outer level provides a defined interface to the lower level material.
% This allows a large amount of code to be shared. There are four
% cases:
% \begin{enumerate}
%   \item peek at the next token;
%   \item peek at the next non-space token;
%   \item peek at the next token and remove it;
%   \item peek at the next non-space token and remove it.
% \end{enumerate}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_peek_token}
% \begin{variable}{\g_peek_token}
%   Storage tokens which are publicly documented: the token peeked.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_eq:NN \l_peek_token ?
\cs_new_eq:NN \g_peek_token ?
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_search_token}
%   The token to search for as an implicit token:
%   \emph{cf.}~\cs{l_@@_search_tl}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_eq:NN \l_@@_search_token ?
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{variable}{\l_@@_search_tl}
%   The token to search for as an explicit token:
%   \emph{cf.}~\cs{l_@@_search_token}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\tl_new:N \l_@@_search_tl
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{variable}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]
%   {\@@_true:w, \@@_true_aux:w, \@@_false:w, \@@_tmp:w}
%   Functions used by the branching and space-stripping code.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_true:w  { }
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_true_aux:w  { }
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_false:w { }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_tmp:w { }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\peek_after:Nw}
% \begin{macro}{\peek_gafter:Nw}
%   Simple wrappers for \tn{futurelet}: no arguments absorbed
%   here.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Npn \peek_after:Nw
  { \tex_futurelet:D \l_peek_token }
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Npn \peek_gafter:Nw
  { \tex_global:D \tex_futurelet:D \g_peek_token }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_true_remove:w}
%   A function to remove the next token and then regain control.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_true_remove:w
  {
    \group_align_safe_end:
    \tex_afterassignment:D \@@_true_aux:w
    \cs_set_eq:NN \@@_tmp:w
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[TF]{\@@_token_generic:NN}
%   The generic function stores the test token in both implicit and
%   explicit modes, and the \texttt{true} and \texttt{false} code as
%   token lists, more or less. The two branches have to be absorbed here
%   as the input stream needs to be cleared for the peek function itself.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_token_generic:NNTF #1#2#3#4
  {
    \cs_set_eq:NN \l_@@_search_token #2
    \tl_set:Nn \l_@@_search_tl {#2}
    \cs_set_nopar:Npx \@@_true:w
      {
        \exp_not:N \group_align_safe_end:
        \exp_not:n {#3}
      }
    \cs_set_nopar:Npx \@@_false:w
      {
        \exp_not:N \group_align_safe_end:
        \exp_not:n {#4}
      }
    \group_align_safe_begin:
      \peek_after:Nw #1
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_token_generic:NNT #1#2#3
  { \@@_token_generic:NNTF #1 #2 {#3} { } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_token_generic:NNF #1#2#3
  { \@@_token_generic:NNTF #1 #2 { } {#3} }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[TF]{\@@_token_remove_generic:NN}
%   For token removal there needs to be a call to the auxiliary
%   function which does the work.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_token_remove_generic:NNTF #1#2#3#4
  {
    \cs_set_eq:NN \l_@@_search_token #2
    \tl_set:Nn \l_@@_search_tl {#2}
    \cs_set_eq:NN \@@_true:w \@@_true_remove:w
    \cs_set_nopar:Npx \@@_true_aux:w { \exp_not:n {#3} }
    \cs_set_nopar:Npx \@@_false:w
      {
        \exp_not:N \group_align_safe_end:
        \exp_not:n {#4}
      }
    \group_align_safe_begin:
      \peek_after:Nw #1
  }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_token_remove_generic:NNT #1#2#3
  { \@@_token_remove_generic:NNTF #1 #2 {#3} { } }
\cs_new_protected:Npn \@@_token_remove_generic:NNF #1#2#3
  { \@@_token_remove_generic:NNTF #1 #2 { } {#3} }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@@_execute_branches_meaning:}
%   The meaning test is straight forward.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_execute_branches_meaning:
  {
    \if_meaning:w \l_peek_token \l_@@_search_token
      \exp_after:wN \@@_true:w
    \else:
      \exp_after:wN \@@_false:w
    \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@@_execute_branches_catcode:, \@@_execute_branches_charcode:}
% \begin{macro}[aux]
%   {
%     \@@_execute_branches_catcode_aux:    ,
%     \@@_execute_branches_catcode_auxii:N ,
%     \@@_execute_branches_catcode_auxiii:
%   }
%   The catcode and charcode tests are very similar, and in order to use
%   the same auxiliaries we do something a little bit odd, firing
%   \cs{if_catcode:w} and \cs{if_charcode:w} before finding the operands
%   for those tests, which will only be given in the |auxii:N| and
%   |auxiii:| auxiliaries.  For our purposes, three kinds of tokens may
%   follow the peeking function:
%   \begin{itemize}
%     \item control sequences which are not equal to a non-active
%       character token (\emph{e.g.}, macro, primitive);
%     \item active characters which are not equal to a non-active
%       character token (\emph{e.g.}, macro, primitive);
%     \item explicit non-active character tokens, or control sequences
%       or active characters set equal to a non-active character token.
%   \end{itemize}
%   The first two cases are not distinguishable simply using \TeX{}'s
%   \tn{futurelet}, because we can only access the \tn{meaning} of
%   tokens in that way.  In those cases, detected thanks to a
%   comparison with \cs{scan_stop:}, we grab the following token, and
%   compare it explicitly with the explicit search token stored in
%   \cs{l_@@_search_tl}.  The \cs{exp_not:N} prevents outer macros
%   (coming from non-\LaTeX3 code) from blowing up.  In the third case,
%   \cs{l_peek_token} is good enough for the test, and we compare it
%   again with the explicit search token.  Just like the peek token, the
%   search token may be of any of the three types above, hence the need
%   to use the explicit token that was given to the peek function.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_execute_branches_catcode:
  { \if_catcode:w \@@_execute_branches_catcode_aux: }
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_execute_branches_charcode:
  { \if_charcode:w \@@_execute_branches_catcode_aux: }
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_execute_branches_catcode_aux:
  {
        \if_catcode:w \exp_not:N \l_peek_token \scan_stop:
          \exp_after:wN \exp_after:wN
          \exp_after:wN \@@_execute_branches_catcode_auxii:N
          \exp_after:wN \exp_not:N
        \else:
          \exp_after:wN \@@_execute_branches_catcode_auxiii:
        \fi:
  }
\cs_new:Npn \@@_execute_branches_catcode_auxii:N #1
  {
        \exp_not:N #1
        \exp_after:wN \exp_not:N \l_@@_search_tl
      \exp_after:wN \@@_true:w
    \else:
      \exp_after:wN \@@_false:w
    \fi:
    #1
  }
\cs_new_nopar:Npn \@@_execute_branches_catcode_auxiii:
  {
        \exp_not:N \l_peek_token
        \exp_after:wN \exp_not:N \l_@@_search_tl
      \exp_after:wN \@@_true:w
    \else:
      \exp_after:wN \@@_false:w
    \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches:}
%   This function removes one space token at a time, and calls
%   \cs{@@_execute_branches:} when encountering the first non-space
%   token.  We directly use the primitive meaning test rather than
%   \cs{token_if_eq_meaning:NNTF} because \cs{l_peek_token} may be an
%   outer macro (coming from non-\LaTeX3 packages).  Spaces are removed
%   using a side-effect of \texttt{f}-expansion:
%   |\exp:w \exp_end_continue_f:w| removes one space.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\cs_new_protected_nopar:Npn \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches:
  {
    \if_meaning:w \l_peek_token \c_space_token
      \exp_after:wN \peek_after:Nw
      \exp_after:wN \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches:
      \exp:w \exp_end_continue_f:w
    \else:
      \exp_after:wN \@@_execute_branches:
    \fi:
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_def:nnnn}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_def:nnnnn}
%   The public functions themselves cannot be defined using
%   \cs{prg_new_conditional:Npnn} and so a couple of auxiliary functions
%   are used. As a result, everything is done inside a group. As a result
%   things are a bit complicated.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\group_begin:
  \cs_set:Npn \@@_def:nnnn #1#2#3#4
    {
      \@@_def:nnnnn {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} { TF }
      \@@_def:nnnnn {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} { T }
      \@@_def:nnnnn {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} { F }
    }
  \cs_set:Npn \@@_def:nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
    {
      \cs_new_protected_nopar:cpx { #1 #5 }
        {
          \tl_if_empty:nF {#2}
            { \exp_not:n { \cs_set_eq:NN \@@_execute_branches: #2 } }
          \exp_not:c { #3 #5 }
          \exp_not:n {#4}
        }
    }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}[TF]
%   {
%     \peek_catcode:N, \peek_catcode_ignore_spaces:N,
%     \peek_catcode_remove:N, \peek_catcode_remove_ignore_spaces:N
%   }
%   With everything in place the definitions can take place. First for
%   category codes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_catcode:N }
    { }
    { @@_token_generic:NN }
    { \@@_execute_branches_catcode: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_catcode_ignore_spaces:N }
    { \@@_execute_branches_catcode: }
    { @@_token_generic:NN }
    { \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_catcode_remove:N }
    { }
    { @@_token_remove_generic:NN }
    { \@@_execute_branches_catcode: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_catcode_remove_ignore_spaces:N }
    { \@@_execute_branches_catcode: }
    { @@_token_remove_generic:NN }
    { \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches: }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}[TF]
%   {
%     \peek_charcode:N, \peek_charcode_ignore_spaces:N,
%     \peek_charcode_remove:N, \peek_charcode_remove_ignore_spaces:N
%   }
%   Then for character codes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_charcode:N }
    { }
    { @@_token_generic:NN }
    { \@@_execute_branches_charcode: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_charcode_ignore_spaces:N }
    { \@@_execute_branches_charcode: }
    { @@_token_generic:NN }
    { \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_charcode_remove:N }
    { }
    { @@_token_remove_generic:NN }
    { \@@_execute_branches_charcode: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_charcode_remove_ignore_spaces:N }
    { \@@_execute_branches_charcode: }
    { @@_token_remove_generic:NN }
    { \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches: }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \begin{macro}[TF]
%   {
%     \peek_meaning:N, \peek_meaning_ignore_spaces:N,
%     \peek_meaning_remove:N, \peek_meaning_remove_ignore_spaces:N
%   }
%   Finally for meaning, with the group closed to remove the temporary
%   definition functions.
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_meaning:N }
    { }
    { @@_token_generic:NN }
    { \@@_execute_branches_meaning: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_meaning_ignore_spaces:N }
    { \@@_execute_branches_meaning: }
    { @@_token_generic:NN }
    { \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_meaning_remove:N }
    { }
    { @@_token_remove_generic:NN }
    { \@@_execute_branches_meaning: }
  \@@_def:nnnn { peek_meaning_remove_ignore_spaces:N }
    { \@@_execute_branches_meaning: }
    { @@_token_remove_generic:NN }
    { \@@_ignore_spaces_execute_branches: }
\group_end:
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \subsection{Decomposing a macro definition}
%
% \begin{macro}{\token_get_prefix_spec:N}
% \begin{macro}{\token_get_arg_spec:N}
% \begin{macro}{\token_get_replacement_spec:N}
% \begin{macro}[aux]{\@@_get_prefix_arg_replacement:wN}
%   We sometimes want to test if a
%   control sequence can be expanded to reveal a hidden
%   value. However, we cannot just expand the macro blindly as it may
%   have arguments and none might be present. Therefore we define
%   these functions to pick either the prefix(es), the argument
%   specification, or the replacement text from a macro. All of this
%   information is returned as characters with catcode~$12$. If the
%   token in question isn't a macro, the token \cs{scan_stop:} is
%   returned instead.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\exp_args:Nno \use:nn
  { \cs_new:Npn \@@_get_prefix_arg_replacement:wN #1 }
  { \tl_to_str:n { macro : } #2 -> #3 \q_stop #4 }
  { #4 {#1} {#2} {#3} }
\cs_new:Npn \token_get_prefix_spec:N #1
  {
    \token_if_macro:NTF #1
      {
        \exp_after:wN \@@_get_prefix_arg_replacement:wN
          \token_to_meaning:N #1 \q_stop \use_i:nnn
      }
      { \scan_stop: }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \token_get_arg_spec:N #1
  {
    \token_if_macro:NTF #1
      {
        \exp_after:wN \@@_get_prefix_arg_replacement:wN
          \token_to_meaning:N #1 \q_stop \use_ii:nnn
      }
      { \scan_stop: }
  }
\cs_new:Npn \token_get_replacement_spec:N #1
  {
    \token_if_macro:NTF #1
      {
        \exp_after:wN \@@_get_prefix_arg_replacement:wN
          \token_to_meaning:N #1 \q_stop \use_iii:nnn
      }
      { \scan_stop: }
  }
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
% \end{macro}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%</initex|package>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \end{implementation}
%
% \PrintIndex
