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% \fi
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% \iffalse
%<*driver>
\documentclass{ltxdoc}
\GetFileInfo{utf8.def}
\title{Providing some UTF-8 support via \texttt{inputenc}}
\date{\fileversion\space\filedate{} printed \today}
 \author{%
  Frank Mittelbach \and Chris Rowley\thanks{Borrowing heavily from
      code by David Carlisle and tables by Sebastian Rahtz; some table
      and code cleanup by Javier Bezos}}
\begin{document}
 \maketitle
 \tableofcontents
 \DocInput{utf8ienc.dtx}
\end{document}
%</driver>
% \fi
%
% \CheckSum{1090}
%
% \newpage
%
% \section{Introduction}
%
% [The whole section is rather unfinished \ldots\ just like the code, sorry!]
%
% \subsection{Background and general stuff}
% 
% For many reasons what this package provides is a long way from any
% type of `Unicode compliance'.
% 
% In stark contrast to 8-bit character sets, with 16 or more bits it can
% easily be very inefficient to support the full range.\footnote{In
% fact, \LaTeX's current 8-bit support does not go so far as to make
% all 8-bit characters into valid input.}  Moreover, useful support of
% character input by a typesetting system overwhelmingly means finding
% an acceptable visual representation of a sequence of characters and
% this, for \LaTeX{}, means having available a suitably encoded 8-bit
% font.
% 
% Unfortunately it is not possible to predict exactly what valid UTF-8
% octet sequences will appear in a particular file so it is best to
% make all the unsupported but valid sequences produce a reasonably
% clear and noticeable error message.
% 
% There are two directions from which to approach the question of what
% to load.  One is to specify the ranges of Unicode characters that will
% result in some sensible typesetting; this requires the provider to
% ensure that suitable fonts are loaded and that these input characters
% generate the correct typesetting via the encodings of those fonts.  The
% other is to inspect the font encodings to be used and use these to
% define which input Unicode characters should be supported.  
% 
% For Western European languages, at least, going in either direction
% leads to many straightforward decisions and a few that are more
% subjective.  In both cases some of the specifications are \TeX{}
% specific whilst most are independent of the particular typesetting
% software in use.
% 
% As we have argued elsewhere, \LaTeX{} needs to refer to characters via
% `seven-bit-text' names and, so far, these have been chosen by
% reference to historical sources such as Plain \TeX{} or Adobe encoding
% descriptions.  It is unclear whether this ad hoc naming structure should
% simply be extended or whether it would be useful to
% supplement it with standardised internal Unicode character names such as 
% one or more of the following:\footnote{Burkhard und Holger Mittelbach 
%   spielen mit mir!  Sie haben etwas hier geschrieben.}
% 
% \begin{verbatim}
%   \ltxutwochar <4 hex digits>    
% 
%   \ltxuchar {<hex digits>}
%     B H U R R R
%
%   \ltxueightchartwo   <2 utf8 octets as 8-bit char tokens>    
%   \ltxueightcharthree <3 utf8 octets ...>    
%   \ltxueightcharfour  <4 utf8 octets ...>    
% \end{verbatim}
% 
% 
% \subsection{More specific stuff}
% 
% In addition to setting up the mechanism for reading UTF-8 characters
% and specifying the \LaTeX-level support available, this package
% contains support for some default historically expected \TeX-related
% characters and some example `Unicode definition files' for standard
% font encodings.
% 
% 
% \subsection{Notes}
% 
% This package does not support Unicode combining characters as \TeX{}
% is not really equipped to make this possible.
% 
%  No attempt is made to be useful beyond Latin, and maybe Cyrillic,
%  for European languages (as of now). 
%
%
% \subsection{Basic operation of the code}
%
% The \texttt{inputenc} package makes the upper 8-bit characters active and
%    assigns to all of them an error message. It then waits for the
%    input encoding files to change this set-up.  Similarly, whenever
%    |\inputencoding| is encountered in a document, first the upper
%    8-bit characters are set back to produce an error and then the
%    definitions for the new input encoding are loaded, changing some of the 
%    previous settings.
%
%    The 8-bit input encodings currently supported by \texttt{inputenc}
%    all use declarations such as |\DeclareInputText| and the like to map an
%    8-bit number to some \LaTeX{} internal form, e.g.~to |\"a|.
%
%    The situation when supporting UTF-8 as the input encoding is
%    different, however. Here we only have to set up the actions of
%    those 8-bit numbers that can be the first octet in a UTF-8
%    representation of a Unicode character.  But we cannot simply set
%    this to some internal \LaTeX{} form since the Unicode character
%    consists of more than one octet; instead we have to define this
%    starting octet to parse the right number of further octets that
%    together form the UTF-8 representation of some Unicode character.
%
%    Therefore when switching to \texttt{utf8} within the
%    \texttt{inputenc} framework the characters with numbers (hex)
%    from \texttt{"C2} to \texttt{"DF} are defined to parse for a
%    second octet following, the characters from \texttt{"E0} to
%    \texttt{"EF} are defined to parse for two more octets and finally
%    the characters from \texttt{"F0} to \texttt{"F3} are defined to
%    parse for three additional octets.  These additional octets are
%    always in the range \texttt{"80} to \texttt{"B9}.
%
%    Thus, when such a character is encountered in the document (so
%    long as expansion is not prohibited) a defined number of
%    additional octets (8-bit characters) are read and from them a
%    unique control sequence name is immediately constructed.
%
%    This control sequence is either defined (good) or undefined
%    (likely); in the latter case the user gets an error message
%    saying that this UTF-8 sequence (or, better, Unicode character)
%    is not supported.
%
%    If the control sequence is set up to do something useful then it will
%    expand to a \LaTeX{} internal form: e.g.~for the utf8 sequence of
%    two octets \texttt{"C3 "A4} we get |\"a| as the
%    internal form which then, depending on the font encoding,
%    eventually resolves to the single glyph `latin-a-umlaut' or to
%    the composite glyph `latin-a with an umlaut accent'.
%
%    These mappings from (UTF-8 encoded) Unicode characters to \LaTeX{}
%    internal forms are made indirectly.  The code below provides a
%    declaration |\DeclareUnicodeCharacter| which maps Unicode numbers
%    (as hexadecimal) to \LaTeX{} internal forms.
%
%    This mapping needs to be set up only once so here it is done at
%    |\begin{document}| by looking at the list of font encodings that
%    are loaded by the document and providing mappings related to
%    those font encodings whenever these are available. Thus at most
%    only those Unicode characters that can be represented by the glyphs
%    available in these encodings will be defined.
%
%    Technically this is done by loading one file per encoding,
%    if available, that is supposed to provide the necessary mapping
%    information.
%
%
% \StopEventually{}
%
%
%
%
% \section{Coding}
%
% \subsection{Housekeeping}
%
%    The usual introductory bits and pieces:
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<utf8>\ProvidesFile{utf8.def}
%<test>\ProvidesFile{utf8-test.tex}
%<+lcy> \ProvidesFile{lcyenc.dfu}
%<+ly1> \ProvidesFile{ly1enc.dfu}
%<+oms> \ProvidesFile{omsenc.dfu}
%<+ot1> \ProvidesFile{ot1enc.dfu}
%<+ot2> \ProvidesFile{ot2enc.dfu}
%<+t1>  \ProvidesFile{t1enc.dfu}
%<+t2a> \ProvidesFile{t2aenc.dfu}
%<+t2b> \ProvidesFile{t2benc.dfu}
%<+t2c> \ProvidesFile{t2cenc.dfu}
%<+ts1> \ProvidesFile{ts1enc.dfu}
%<+x2>  \ProvidesFile{x2enc.dfu}
%<+all> \ProvidesFile{utf8enc.dfu}
   [2006/03/30 v1.1i UTF-8 support for inputenc]
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*utf8>
\makeatletter
%    \end{macrocode}
%    We restore the |\catcode| of space (which is set to ignore in
%    \texttt{inputenc}) while reading \texttt{.def} files. Otherwise
%    we would need to explicitly use |\space| all over the place in
%    error and log messages.
% \changes{v1.1d}{2004/05/08}{Explicitly set catcode of space}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\catcode`\ \saved@space@catcode
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%
%
% \subsection{Parsing UTF-8 input}
%
% \begin{macro}{\UTFviii@two@octets}
% \begin{macro}{\UTFviii@three@octets}
% \begin{macro}{\UTFviii@four@octets}
%    A UTF-8 char (that is not actually a 7-bit char, i.e.~a single
%    octet) is parsed as follows: each starting octet is an active
%    \TeX{} character token; each of these is defined below to be a
%    macro with one to three arguments nominally (depending on the
%    starting octet). It calls one of |\UTFviii@two@octets|,
%    |\UTFviii@three@octets|, or |\UTFviii@four@octets| which then
%    actually picks up the argument(s).
%
%    From the arguments a control sequence with a name of the form
%    \verb=u8:#1#2...= is constructed where the |#i| ($i>1$) are the
%    arguments and |#1| is the starting octet (as a \TeX{} character
%    token).  Since some or even all of these characters are active
%    (when inputenc is loaded) we need to use |\string| when building
%    the csname.
%
%    The csname thus constructed can of course be undefined but to
%    avoid producing an unhelpful low-level undefined command error we
%    pass it to |\UTFviii@defined| which is responsible for producing
%    a more sensible error message (not yet done!!).  If, however, it is
%    defined we simply execute the thing (which should then expand to
%    an encoding specific internal \LaTeX{} form).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\UTFviii@two@octets#1#2{\expandafter
    \UTFviii@defined\csname u8:#1\string#2\endcsname}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%    
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\UTFviii@three@octets#1#2#3{\expandafter
    \UTFviii@defined\csname u8:#1\string#2\string#3\endcsname}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%    
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\UTFviii@four@octets#1#2#3#4{\expandafter
    \UTFviii@defined\csname u8:#1\string#2\string#3\string#4\endcsname}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%    
% \begin{macro}{\UTFviii@defined}
%    This tests whether its argument is different from |\relax|: it
%    either calls for a sensible error message (not done), or it gets
%    the |\fi| out of the way (in case the command has arguments) and
%    executes it.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\UTFviii@defined#1{%
  \ifx#1\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
%    The endline character has a special definition within the
%    inputenc package (it is gobbling spaces). For this reason we
%    can't produce multiline strings without some precaution.
% \changes{v1.1b}{2004/02/09}{No newlines allowed in error messages}
% \changes{v1.1g}{2005/09/27}{Real spaces do not show up so use \cs{space}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
      \PackageError{inputenc}{Unicode\space char\space \string#1\space 
                              not\space set\space up\space
                              for\space use\space with\space LaTeX}\@eha
  \else\expandafter
    #1%
  \fi
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%    
% \begin{macro}{\UTFviii@loop}
%    This wonderful bit of code from Dr Carlisle defines the starting
%    octets to call |\UTFviii@two@octets| etc as appropriate. The starting
%    octet itself is passed directly as the first argument, the others
%    are picked up later en route.
%
%    The |\UTFviii@loop| loops through the numbers starting at
%    |\count@| and ending at |\@tempcnta|${} - 1$, each time executing
%    the code in |\UTFviii@tmp|.
%
%    All this is done in a group so that temporary catcode changes 
%    etc.~vanish after everything is set up.
%
%    It may be a good idea to add code to deal with `illegal utf8 octets':
%    at present these will be handled by whatever code was in use for 8-bit
%    input before this code is executed.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
\catcode`\~13
\catcode`\"12
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\UTFviii@loop{%
  \uccode`\~\count@
  \uppercase\expandafter{\UTFviii@tmp}%
  \advance\count@\@ne
  \ifnum\count@<\@tempcnta
  \expandafter\UTFviii@loop
  \fi}
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Setting up 2-byte UTF-8:
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \count@"C2
    \@tempcnta"E0
    \def\UTFviii@tmp{\xdef~{\noexpand\UTFviii@two@octets\string~}}
\UTFviii@loop
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Setting up 3-byte UTF-8:
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \count@"E0
    \@tempcnta"F0
    \def\UTFviii@tmp{\xdef~{\noexpand\UTFviii@three@octets\string~}}
\UTFviii@loop
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%    Setting up 4-byte UTF-8:
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \count@"F0
    \@tempcnta"F4
    \def\UTFviii@tmp{\xdef~{\noexpand\UTFviii@four@octets\string~}}
\UTFviii@loop
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    For this case we must disable the warning generated by
%    \texttt{inputenc} if it doesn't see any new |\DeclareInputText|
%    commands.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@inpenc@test
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%
%    If this file (\texttt{utf8.def}) is not being read while setting
%    up \texttt{inputenc}, i.e.~in the preamble, but when
%    |\inputencoding| is called somewhere within the document, we do not
%    need to input the specific Unicode mappings again. We therefore
%    stop reading the file at this point.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifx\@begindocumenthook\@undefined 
  \makeatother 
%    \end{macrocode}
%    The |\fi| must be on the same line as |\endinput| or else it will
%    never be seen!
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \endinput \fi
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \subsection{Mapping Unicode codes to \LaTeX{} internal forms}
%
% 
% \begin{macro}{\DeclareUnicodeCharacter}
%    The |\DeclareUnicodeCharacter| declaration defines a mapping from
%    a Unicode character code point to a \LaTeX{} internal form. The first
%    argument is the Unicode number as hexadecimal digits and the second is
%    the actual \LaTeX{} internal form. 
%
%    We start by making sure that some characters have the right
%    |\catcode| when they are used in the definitions below.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
\catcode`\"=12
\catcode`\<=12
\catcode`\.=12
\catcode`\,=12
\catcode`\;=12
\catcode`\!=12
\catcode`\~=13
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\DeclareUnicodeCharacter#1#2{%
   \count@"#1\relax
   \wlog{ \space\space defining Unicode char U+#1 (decimal \the\count@)}%
   \begingroup
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Next we do the parsing of the number stored in |\count@| and assign the
%    result to |\UTFviii@tmp|. Actually all this could be done in-line,
%    the macro |\parse@XML@charref| is only there to extend this code
%    to parsing Unicode numbers in other contexts one day (perhaps).
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \parse@XML@charref
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%    Here is an example of what is happening, for the pair \texttt{"C2 "A3}
%    (which is the utf8 represenation for the character \textsterling{}).
%    After |\parse@XML@charref| we have, stored in |\UTFviii@tmp|, a
%    single command with two character tokens as arguments:
%    \begin{quote}
%      [$t_{C2}$ and $t_{A3}$ are the characters corresponding to these
%      two octets]\\  
%      |\UTFviii@two@octets| $t_{\rm C2}t_{\rm A3}$
%    \end{quote}
%    what we actually need to produce is a definition of the form
%    \begin{quote}
%    |\def\u8:|$t_{\rm C2}$$t_{\rm A3}$ |{|\textit{\LaTeX{} internal form}|}|\,.
%    \end{quote}
%    So here we temporarily redefine the prefix commands
%    |\UTFviii@two@octets|, etc.~to
%    generate the csname that we wish to define>  the |\string|s are
%    added in case these tokens are still active.
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \def\UTFviii@two@octets##1##2{\csname u8:##1\string##2\endcsname}%
    \def\UTFviii@three@octets##1##2##3{\csname u8:##1%
                                     \string##2\string##3\endcsname}%
    \def\UTFviii@four@octets##1##2##3##4{\csname u8:##1%
                           \string##2\string##3\string##4\endcsname}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Now we simply:-) need to use the right number of |\expandafter|s to
%    finally construct the definition: expanding |\UTFviii@tmp| once to get
%    its contents, a second time to replace the prefix command by its
%    |\csname| expansion, and a third time to turn the expansion into
%    a csname after which the |\gdef| finally gets applied.
%    We add an irrelevant |\IeC| and braces around the definition, in
%    order to avoid any space after the command being gobbled up
%    when the text is written out to an auxiliary file (see 
%    \texttt{inputenc} for further details
%    \begin{macrocode}
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
    \expandafter\expandafter\expandafter
    \expandafter
     \gdef\UTFviii@tmp{\IeC{#2}}%
   \endgroup
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%
% \begin{macro}{\parse@XML@charref}
%    This macro parses a Unicode number (decimal) and returns its
%    UTF-8 representation as a sequence of non-active \TeX{} character
%    tokens. In the
%    original code it had two arguments delimited by \texttt{;} here,
%    however, we supply the Unicode number implicitly.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\parse@XML@charref{%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    We need to keep a few things local, mainly the |\uccode|'s that
%    are set up below. However, the group originally used here is
%    actually unnecessary since we call this macro only within another
%    group; but it will be important to restore the group if this
%    macro gets used for other purposes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%  \begingroup
%    \end{macrocode}
%    The original code from David supported the convention that a
%    Unicode slot number could be given either as a decimal or as a
%    hexadecimal (by starting with \texttt{x}).  We do not do this so
%    this code is also removed.  This could be reactivated if one
%    wants to support document commands that accept Unicode numbers
%    (but then the first case needs to be changed from an error
%    message back to something more useful again).
%    \begin{macrocode}
%  \uppercase{\count@\if x\noexpand#1"\else#1\fi#2}\relax
%    \end{macrocode}
%    As |\count@| already contains the right value we make
%    |\parse@XML@charref| work without arguments. 
% \changes{v1.1g}{2005/09/27}{Real spaces do not show up so use \cs{space}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \ifnum\count@<"A0\relax
     \PackageError{inputenc}{Cannot\space define\space Unicode\space 
                             char\space value\space <\space 00A0}\@eha
%    \end{macrocode}
%    Do not ask us to provide an explanation for the code below, it is
%    borrowed straight from \texttt{xmltex} by David and we trust him
%    totally (and we are too lazy to reread the Unicode book to see if
%    this is the correct algorithm).\footnote{We were hoping to also
%    find in his work the \TeX{} code for going the other way: from
%    UTF-8 octets to Unicode slot number, but no luck!}
%    \begin{macrocode}
  \else\ifnum\count@<"800\relax
     \parse@UTFviii@a,%
     \parse@UTFviii@b C\UTFviii@two@octets.,%
  \else\ifnum\count@<"10000\relax
     \parse@UTFviii@a;%
     \parse@UTFviii@a,%
     \parse@UTFviii@b E\UTFviii@three@octets.{,;}%
   \else
     \parse@UTFviii@a;%
     \parse@UTFviii@a,%
     \parse@UTFviii@a!%
     \parse@UTFviii@b F\UTFviii@four@octets.{!,;}%
    \fi
    \fi
  \fi
%  \endgroup
}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\parse@UTFviii@a}
%    \ldots so somebody else can document this part :-) \ldots~David?:-))))!
% \changes{v1.1b}{2004/02/09}{Space in the wrong place \cs{count @64}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\parse@UTFviii@a#1{%
     \@tempcnta\count@
     \divide\count@ 64
     \@tempcntb\count@
     \multiply\count@ 64
     \advance\@tempcnta-\count@
     \advance\@tempcnta 128
     \uccode`#1\@tempcnta
     \count@\@tempcntb}
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
% \begin{macro}{\parse@UTFviii@b}
%    \ldots same here
%    \begin{macrocode}
\gdef\parse@UTFviii@b#1#2#3#4{%
     \advance\count@ "#10\relax
     \uccode`#3\count@
     \uppercase{\gdef\UTFviii@tmp{#2#3#4}}}
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%    \begin{macrocode}
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% \end{macro}
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@onlypreamble\DeclareUnicodeCharacter
%    \end{macrocode}
%    These are preamble only as long as we don't support Unicode
%    charrefs in documents.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\@onlypreamble\parse@XML@charref
\@onlypreamble\parse@UTFviii@a
\@onlypreamble\parse@UTFviii@b
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%
% \subsection{Loading Unicode mappings at begin document}
%
% The original plan was to set up the UTF-8 support at
% |\begin{document}|; but then any text characters used in the preamble
% (as people do even though advised against it) would fail in one way or
% the other.
% So the implementation was changed and the Unicode definition files
% for already defined encodings are loaded here.
%
%    We loop through all defined font encodings
%    (stored in |\cdp@list|) and for each load a file
%    \textit{name}\texttt{enc.dfu} if it exist. That file is then
%    supposed to contain |\DeclareUnicodeCharacter| declarations.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\begingroup
  \def\cdp@elt#1#2#3#4{%
    \wlog{Now handling font encoding #1 ...}%
    \lowercase{%
        \InputIfFileExists{#1enc.dfu}}%
           {\wlog{... processing UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding
                  #1}%
%    \end{macrocode}
%    From this point on we ignore spaces again, i.e., while we are
%    reading the \texttt{.dfu} file. The |\endgroup| below will
%    restore it again.
% \changes{v1.1d}{2004/05/08}{Explicitly set catcode of space}
% \changes{v1.1g}{2005/09/27}{We lost the ``false'' case}
%    \begin{macrocode}
            \catcode`\ 9\relax}%
          {\wlog{... no UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding #1}}%
  }
  \cdp@list
\endgroup
%    \end{macrocode}
% However, we don't know if there are font encodings still to be
% loaded (either with \texttt{fontenc} or directly with |\input| by
% some some package). Font enconding files are loaded only if the
% corresponding encoding has not been loaded yet, and they always
% begin with |\DeclareFontEncoding|. We now redefine the internal
% kernel version of the latter to load the Unicode file if available.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\def\DeclareFontEncoding@#1#2#3{%
  \expandafter
  \ifx\csname T@#1\endcsname\relax
    \def\cdp@elt{\noexpand\cdp@elt}%
    \xdef\cdp@list{\cdp@list\cdp@elt{#1}%
                    {\default@family}{\default@series}%
                    {\default@shape}}%
    \expandafter\let\csname#1-cmd\endcsname\@changed@cmd
    \begingroup
      \wlog{Now handling font encoding #1 ...}%
      \lowercase{%
        \InputIfFileExists{#1enc.dfu}}%
           {\wlog{... processing UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding #1}}%
           {\wlog{... no UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding #1}}%
    \endgroup
  \else
     \@font@info{Redeclaring font encoding #1}%
  \fi
  \global\@namedef{T@#1}{#2}%
  \global\@namedef{M@#1}{\default@M#3}%
  \xdef\LastDeclaredEncoding{#1}%
  }
%</utf8>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
%
%
% \section{Mapping characters ---\newline based on font (glyph) encodings}
%
% This section is a first attempt to provide Unicode definitions for
% characters whose standard glyphs are currently provided by the
% standard \LaTeX{} font-encodings |T1|, |OT1|, etc. They are by
% no means completed and need checking.
%
% For example, one should check the already existing input encodings
%    for glyphs that may in fact be available and required,
%    e.g.~\texttt{latin4} has a number of glyphs with the |\=|
%    accent. Since the |T1| encoding does not provide such glyphs,
%    these characters are not listed below (yet).
%
% The list below was generated by looking at the current \LaTeX{} font
%    encoding files, e.g., \texttt{t1enc.def} and using the work by
%    Sebastian Rahtz in (\texttt{ucharacters.sty}), with a few
%    modifications. In combinations such as |\^\i| the preferred form
%    is that and not |\^i|.
%
% This list has been built from several sources, obviously including
% the Unicode Standard itself. These sources include Passive \TeX{} by 
% Sebastian Rahtz, the \texttt{unicode}
% package by Dominique P. G. Unruh (mainly for Latin encodings) and
% \texttt{text4ht} by Eitan Gurari (for Cyrillic ones).
%
% Note that it strictly follows the Mittelbach principles for
% input character encodings: thus it offers no support for using utf8
% representations of math symbols such as $\times$ or $\div$ (in math mode).
%
%
% \subsection{About the table itself}
%
% In addition to generating indivdual files, the table below is, at present,
% a one-one (we think) partial relationship between the (ill-defined) set 
% of LICRs and the Unicode slots "0080 to "FFFF.  At present these entries
% are used only to define a collection of partial mappings from Unicode
% slots to LICRs; each of these mappings becomes full if we add an exception
% value (`not defined') to the set of LICRs.
%
% It is probably not essential for the relationship in the full table to be
% one-one; this raises questions suach as: the exact role of LICRs;
% the formal relationships on the set of LICRs; the (non-mathematical)
% relationship between 
% LICRs and Unicode (which has its own somewhat fuzzy equivalences);
% and ultimately what a character is and what a character representation
% and/or name is.
%
% Viewed this a way, the result has, perhaps puzzingly, just two (we think)
% gaps in the second 128 `Unicode slots' (00A0 and 00AD): neither of these
% is really a character, of course.
%
% It is unclear the extent to which entries in this table should
% resemble the closely related ones in the 8-bit \texttt{inputenc} files.
% The Unicode standard claims that the first 256 slots `are' ASCII and
% Latin-1.
%
% Of course, \TeX{} itself typically does not treat even many perfectly
% `normal text' 7-bit slots as text characters, so it is unclear
% whether \LaTeX{} should even attempt to deal in any consistent way with
% those Unicode slots that are not definitive text characters.     
% 
%
% \subsection{The mapping table}
%
% Note that the first argument must be a 4-hex-digit number greater
% than \texttt{00BF}.
%
% There are few notes about inconsistencies etc at the end of the table.
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A1}{\textexclamdown}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A2}{\textcent}
%<all,ts1,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A3}{\textsterling}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A4}{\textcurrency}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A5}{\textyen}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A6}{\textbrokenbar}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A7}{\textsection}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A8}{\textasciidieresis}
%<all,ts1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A9}{\textcopyright}
%<all,ts1,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AA}{\textordfeminine}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AB}{\guillemotleft}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AC}{\textlnot}
%<all,ts1,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AE}{\textregistered}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AF}{\textasciimacron}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B0}{\textdegree}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B1}{\textpm}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B2}{\texttwosuperior}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B3}{\textthreesuperior}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B4}{\textasciiacute}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B5}{\textmu} % micro sign
%<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B6}{\textparagraph}
%<all,oms,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B7}{\textperiodcentered}
%<all,ot1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B8}{\c\ }
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B9}{\textonesuperior}
%<all,ts1,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BA}{\textordmasculine}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BB}{\guillemotright}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BC}{\textonequarter}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BD}{\textonehalf}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BE}{\textthreequarters}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00BF}{\textquestiondown}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C0}{\@tabacckludge`A}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C1}{\@tabacckludge'A}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C2}{\^A}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C3}{\~A}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C4}{\"A}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C5}{\r A}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C6}{\AE}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C7}{\c C}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C8}{\@tabacckludge`E}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00C9}{\@tabacckludge'E}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CA}{\^E}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CB}{\"E}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CC}{\@tabacckludge`I}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CD}{\@tabacckludge'I}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CE}{\^I}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00CF}{\"I}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D0}{\DH}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D1}{\~N}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D2}{\@tabacckludge`O}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D3}{\@tabacckludge'O}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D4}{\^O}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D5}{\~O}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D6}{\"O}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D7}{\texttimes}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D8}{\O}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00D9}{\@tabacckludge`U}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DA}{\@tabacckludge'U}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DB}{\^U}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DC}{\"U}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DD}{\@tabacckludge'Y}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DE}{\TH}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00DF}{\ss}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E0}{\@tabacckludge`a}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E1}{\@tabacckludge'a}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E2}{\^a}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E3}{\~a}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E4}{\"a}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E5}{\r a}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E6}{\ae}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E7}{\c c}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E8}{\@tabacckludge`e}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00E9}{\@tabacckludge'e}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EA}{\^e}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EB}{\"e}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EC}{\@tabacckludge`\i}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00ED}{\@tabacckludge'\i}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EE}{\^\i}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00EF}{\"\i}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F0}{\dh}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F1}{\~n}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F2}{\@tabacckludge`o}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F3}{\@tabacckludge'o}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F4}{\^o}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F5}{\~o}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F6}{\"o}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F7}{\textdiv}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F8}{\o}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00F9}{\@tabacckludge`u}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FA}{\@tabacckludge'u}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FB}{\^u}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FC}{\"u}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FD}{\@tabacckludge'y}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FE}{\th}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00FF}{\"y}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0102}{\u A}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0103}{\u a}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0104}{\k A}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0105}{\k a}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0106}{\@tabacckludge'C}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0107}{\@tabacckludge'c}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010C}{\v C}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010D}{\v c}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010E}{\v D}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{010F}{\v d}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0110}{\DJ}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0111}{\dj}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0118}{\k E}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0119}{\k e}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011A}{\v E}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011B}{\v e}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011E}{\u G}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{011F}{\u g}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0130}{\.I}
%<all,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0131}{\i}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0132}{\IJ}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0133}{\ij}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0139}{\@tabacckludge'L}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{013A}{\@tabacckludge'l}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{013D}{\v L}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{013E}{\v l}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0141}{\L}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0142}{\l}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0143}{\@tabacckludge'N}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0144}{\@tabacckludge'n}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0147}{\v N}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0148}{\v n}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{014A}{\NG}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{014B}{\ng}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0150}{\H O}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0151}{\H o}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0152}{\OE}
%<all,t1,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0153}{\oe}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0154}{\@tabacckludge'R}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0155}{\@tabacckludge'r}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0158}{\v R}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0159}{\v r}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015A}{\@tabacckludge'S}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015B}{\@tabacckludge's}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015E}{\c S}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{015F}{\c s}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0160}{\v S}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0161}{\v s}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0162}{\c T}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0163}{\c t}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0164}{\v T}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0165}{\v t}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016E}{\r U}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{016F}{\r u}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0170}{\H U}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0171}{\H u}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0178}{\"Y}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0179}{\@tabacckludge'Z}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017A}{\@tabacckludge'z}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017B}{\.Z}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017C}{\.z}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017D}{\v Z}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{017E}{\v z}
%<all,ts1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0192}{\textflorin}
%<all,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{02C6}{\textasciicircum}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{02C7}{\textasciicaron}
%<all,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{02DC}{\textasciitilde}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{02D8}{\textasciibreve}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{02DD}{\textacutedbl}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0401}{\CYRYO}
%<all,x2,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0402}{\CYRDJE}
%<all,x2,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0404}{\CYRIE}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0405}{\CYRDZE}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0406}{\CYRII}
%<all,x2,t2a,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0407}{\CYRYI}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0408}{\CYRJE}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0409}{\CYRLJE}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{040A}{\CYRNJE}
%<all,x2,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{040B}{\CYRTSHE}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{040E}{\CYRUSHRT}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{040F}{\CYRDZHE}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0410}{\CYRA}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0411}{\CYRB}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0412}{\CYRV}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0413}{\CYRG}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0414}{\CYRD}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0415}{\CYRE}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0416}{\CYRZH}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0417}{\CYRZ}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0418}{\CYRI}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0419}{\CYRISHRT}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{041A}{\CYRK}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{041B}{\CYRL}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{041C}{\CYRM}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{041D}{\CYRN}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{041E}{\CYRO}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{041F}{\CYRP}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0420}{\CYRR}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0421}{\CYRS}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0422}{\CYRT}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0423}{\CYRU}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0424}{\CYRF}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0425}{\CYRH}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0426}{\CYRC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0427}{\CYRCH}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0428}{\CYRSH}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0429}{\CYRSHCH}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{042A}{\CYRHRDSN}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{042B}{\CYRERY}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{042C}{\CYRSFTSN}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{042D}{\CYREREV}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{042E}{\CYRYU}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{042F}{\CYRYA}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0430}{\cyra}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0431}{\cyrb}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0432}{\cyrv}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0433}{\cyrg}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0434}{\cyrd}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0435}{\cyre}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0436}{\cyrzh}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0437}{\cyrz}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0438}{\cyri}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0439}{\cyrishrt}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{043A}{\cyrk}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{043B}{\cyrl}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{043C}{\cyrm}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{043D}{\cyrn}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{043E}{\cyro}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{043F}{\cyrp}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0440}{\cyrr}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0441}{\cyrs}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0442}{\cyrt}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0443}{\cyru}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0444}{\cyrf}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0445}{\cyrh}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0446}{\cyrc}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0447}{\cyrch}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0448}{\cyrsh}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0449}{\cyrshch}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{044A}{\cyrhrdsn}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{044B}{\cyrery}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{044C}{\cyrsftsn}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{044D}{\cyrerev}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{044E}{\cyryu}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{044F}{\cyrya}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0451}{\cyryo}
%<all,x2,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0452}{\cyrdje}
%<all,x2,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0454}{\cyrie}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0455}{\cyrdze}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0456}{\cyrii}
%<all,x2,t2a,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0457}{\cyryi}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0458}{\cyrje}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0459}{\cyrlje}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{045A}{\cyrnje}
%<all,x2,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{045B}{\cyrtshe}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{045E}{\cyrushrt}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2a,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{045F}{\cyrdzhe}
%<all,x2,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0462}{\CYRYAT}
%<all,x2,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0463}{\cyryat}
%<all,x2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{046A}{\CYRBYUS}
%<all,x2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{046B}{\cyrbyus}
%<all,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0472}{\CYRFITA}
%<all,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0473}{\cyrfita}
%<all,x2,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0474}{\CYRIZH}
%<all,x2,ot2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0475}{\cyrizh}
%<all,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{048C}{\CYRSEMISFTSN}
%<all,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{048D}{\cyrsemisftsn}
%<all,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{048E}{\CYRRTICK}
%<all,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{048F}{\cyrrtick}
%<all,x2,t2a,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0490}{\CYRGUP}
%<all,x2,t2a,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0491}{\cyrgup}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0492}{\CYRGHCRS}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0493}{\cyrghcrs}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0494}{\CYRGHK}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0495}{\cyrghk}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0496}{\CYRZHDSC}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0497}{\cyrzhdsc}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0498}{\CYRZDSC}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0499}{\cyrzdsc}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{049A}{\CYRKDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{049B}{\cyrkdsc}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{049C}{\CYRKVCRS}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{049D}{\cyrkvcrs}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{049E}{\CYRKHCRS}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{049F}{\cyrkhcrs}
%<all,x2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A0}{\CYRKBEAK}
%<all,x2>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A1}{\cyrkbeak}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A2}{\CYRNDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A3}{\cyrndsc}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A4}{\CYRNG}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A5}{\cyrng}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A6}{\CYRPHK}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A7}{\cyrphk}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A8}{\CYRABHHA}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04A9}{\cyrabhha}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04AA}{\CYRSDSC}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04AB}{\cyrsdsc}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04AC}{\CYRTDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04AD}{\cyrtdsc}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04AE}{\CYRY}
%<all,x2,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04AF}{\cyry}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B0}{\CYRYHCRS}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B1}{\cyryhcrs}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B2}{\CYRHDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B3}{\cyrhdsc}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B4}{\CYRTETSE}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B5}{\cyrtetse}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B6}{\CYRCHRDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B7}{\cyrchrdsc}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B8}{\CYRCHVCRS}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04B9}{\cyrchvcrs}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04BA}{\CYRSHHA}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04BB}{\cyrshha}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04BC}{\CYRABHCH}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04BD}{\cyrabhch}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04BE}{\CYRABHCHDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04BF}{\cyrabhchdsc}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C0}{\CYRpalochka}
%<all,x2,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C3}{\CYRKHK}
%<all,x2,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C4}{\cyrkhk}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C5}{\CYRLDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C6}{\cyrldsc}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C7}{\CYRNHK}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04C8}{\cyrnhk}
%<all,x2,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04CB}{\CYRCHLDSC}
%<all,x2,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04CC}{\cyrchldsc}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04CD}{\CYRMDSC}
%<all,x2,t2c>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04CE}{\cyrmdsc}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04D4}{\CYRAE}
%<all,x2,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04D5}{\cyrae}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04D8}{\CYRSCHWA}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04D9}{\cyrschwa}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04E0}{\CYRABHDZE}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04E1}{\cyrabhdze}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04E8}{\CYROTLD}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{04E9}{\cyrotld}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0E3F}{\textbaht}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{200C}{\textcompwordmark}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2013}{\textendash}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2014}{\textemdash}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2016}{\textbardbl}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2018}{\textquoteleft}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2019}{\textquoteright}
%<all,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201A}{\quotesinglbase}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201C}{\textquotedblleft}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ot2,ot1,ly1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201D}{\textquotedblright}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{201E}{\quotedblbase}
%<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2020}{\textdagger}
%<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2021}{\textdaggerdbl}
%<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2022}{\textbullet}
%<all,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2026}{\textellipsis}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2030}{\textperthousand}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2031}{\textpertenthousand}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2039}{\guilsinglleft}
%<all,t1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{203A}{\guilsinglright}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{203B}{\textreferencemark}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{203D}{\textinterrobang}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2044}{\textfractionsolidus}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{204E}{\textasteriskcentered} % LOW ASTERISK
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2052}{\textdiscount}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20A1}{\textcolonmonetary}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20A4}{\textlira}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20A6}{\textnaira}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20A9}{\textwon}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AB}{\textdong}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\texteuro}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20B1}{\textpeso}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2103}{\textcelsius}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a,ot2,lcy>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2116}{\textnumero}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2117}{\textcircledP}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{211E}{\textrecipe}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2120}{\textservicemark}
%<all,ts1,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2122}{\texttrademark}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2126}{\textohm}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2127}{\textmho}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{212E}{\textestimated}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2190}{\textleftarrow}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2191}{\textuparrow}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2192}{\textrightarrow}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2193}{\textdownarrow}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2329}{\textlangle}
%<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{232A}{\textrangle}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2422}{\textblank}
%<all,x2,t2c,t2b,t2a,t1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2423}{\textvisiblespace}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{25E6}{\textopenbullet}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{25EF}{\textbigcircle}
%<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{266A}{\textmusicalnote}
%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \subsection{Notes}
% 
% \changes{v1.1e}{2004/05/22}{Added notes on inconsistency with `8-bit files'.}
% The following inputs are inconsistent with the 8-bit inputenc files
% since they will always only produce the `text character'.  This is an
% area where inputenc is notoriously confused.
% \begin{verbatim}
% %<all,ts1,t1,ot1,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A3}{\textsterling}
% %<all,x2,ts1,t2c,t2b,t2a,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A7}{\textsection}
% %<all,ts1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A9}{\textcopyright}
% %<all,ts1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B1}{\textpm}
% %<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B6}{\textparagraph}
% %<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2020}{\textdagger}
% %<all,ts1,oms,ly1>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2021}{\textdaggerdbl}
% %<all,ly1,utf8>\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2026}{\textellipsis}
% \end{verbatim}
%
%    The following definitions are in an encoding file but have no
%    direct equivalent in Unicode, or they simply do not make sense in that
%    context (or we have not yet found anything or \ldots :-).  For
%    example, the non-combining accent charcaters are certainly
%    available somehwere but these are not equivalent to a \TeX{}
%    accent command.
%\begin{verbatim}
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\j}{OT1}{17}
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\SS}{T1}{223}
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\textcompwordmark}{T1}{23}
%
%\DeclareTextAccent{\"}{OT1}{127}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\'}{OT1}{19}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\.}{OT1}{95}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\=}{OT1}{22}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\H}{OT1}{125}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\^}{OT1}{94}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\`}{OT1}{18}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\r}{OT1}{23}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\u}{OT1}{21}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\v}{OT1}{20}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\~}{OT1}{126}
%\DeclareTextCommand{\b}{OT1}[1]
%\DeclareTextCommand{\c}{OT1}[1]
%\DeclareTextCommand{\d}{OT1}[1]
%\DeclareTextCommand{\k}{T1}[1]
%\end{verbatim} 
%    
%
%
% \subsection{Mappings for OT1 glyphs}
%
%    This is even more incomplete as again it covers only the single
%    glyphs from |OT1| plus some that have been explicitly defined for
%    this encoding. Everything that is provided in |T1|, and that
%    could be provided as composite glyphs via |OT1|, could and
%    probably should be set up as well.  Which leaves the many things
%    that are not provided in |T1| but can be provided in |OT1| (and
%    in |T1|) by composite glyphs.

%    \begin{macrocode}
%    \end{macrocode}
% Stuff not mapped (note that |\j| ($\jmath$) is not equivalent to any
% Unicode character):
%\begin{verbatim}
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\j}{OT1}{17}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\"}{OT1}{127}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\'}{OT1}{19}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\.}{OT1}{95}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\=}{OT1}{22}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\^}{OT1}{94}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\`}{OT1}{18}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\~}{OT1}{126}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\H}{OT1}{125}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\u}{OT1}{21}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\v}{OT1}{20}
%\DeclareTextAccent{\r}{OT1}{23}
%\DeclareTextCommand{\b}{OT1}[1]
%\DeclareTextCommand{\c}{OT1}[1]
%\DeclareTextCommand{\d}{OT1}[1]
%\end{verbatim}
%    
%
%
% \subsection{Mappings for OMS glyphs}
%
% Characters like |\textbackslash| are not mapped as they are
%    (primarily) only in the lower 127 and the code here only sets up
%    mappings for UTF-8 characters that are at least 2 octets long.
%\begin{verbatim}
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\textbackslash}{OMS}{110}        % "6E
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\textbar}{OMS}{106}              % "6A
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\textbraceleft}{OMS}{102}        % "66
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\textbraceright}{OMS}{103}       % "67
%\end{verbatim}
%
% But the following (and some others) might actually lurk in Unicode
%    somewhere\ldots
%\begin{verbatim}
%\DeclareTextSymbol{\textasteriskcentered}{OMS}{3}   % "03
%\DeclareTextCommand{\textcircled}{OMS}
%\end{verbatim}
%    
%    
%
%
% \subsection{Mappings for TS1 glyphs}
%
% Exercise for somebody else.
%
%
% \subsection{Mappings for \texttt{latex.ltx} glyphs}
%
% There is also a collection of characters already set up in the kernel,
% one way or the other. Since these do not clearly relate to any
%    particular font encoding they are mapped when the
% \texttt{utf8} support is first set up. 
%
% Also there are a number of |\providecommand|s in the various input
% encoding files which may or may not go into this part.
% \changes{v1.1b}{2004/02/09}{Added commands already defined in the kernel}
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*utf8>
% This space is intentionally empty ...
%</utf8>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
%
% \section{A test document} 
%
%    Here is a very small test document which may or may not survive
%    if the current document is transfered from one place to the
%    other.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*test>
\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[latin1,utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{trace}

\scrollmode  % to run past the error below

\begin{document}

 German umlauts in UTF-8: ^^c3^^a4^^c3^^b6^^c3^^bc  %%% äöü

\inputencoding{latin1}  % switch to latin1

 German umlauts in UTF-8 but read by latin1 (and will produce one
 error since \verb=\textcurrency= is not provided): ^^c3^^a4^^c3^^b6^^c3^^bc

\inputencoding{utf8}    % switch back to utf8

 German umlauts in UTF-8: ^^c3^^a4^^c3^^b6^^c3^^bc


Some codes that should produce errors as nothing is set up 
for them: ^^c3F ^^e1^^a4^^b6

And some that are not legal utf8 sequences: ^^c3X ^^e1XY

\showoutput
\tracingstats=2
\stop
%</test>
%    \end{macrocode}
%    
% \Finale
%
\endinput