% % change history (started May 13th 2002) % 2002/05/13: added tex-langafrican to list of collections % 2002/05/14: corrected example files, other small errors noted by Volker % 2002/05/18: win32 updates, by Fabrice % 2002/05/25: remove mention of sizes, and bsr-interpolated; add Gutenberg \documentclass{article} \advance\textwidth by 1in \advance\oddsidemargin by -1in \advance\evensidemargin by -1in \newsavebox{\warnbox} \def\Q#1{\par\vskip6pt\leftline{#1}\par} \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} \pretolerance=1000 \tolerance=1500 \hbadness=3000 \vbadness=3000 \hyphenpenalty=400 \renewcommand{\topfraction}{0.85} \renewcommand{\floatpagefraction}{0.86} \renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.1} \setcounter{topnumber}{5} \setcounter{totalnumber}{5} \def\eTeX{$\varepsilon$-\TeX} \def\Dash{---} \def\hyph{-} \def\OMEGA{$\Omega$} \def\bs{{\protect\normalfont\ttfamily\char'134}} \DeclareRobustCommand{\cs}[1]{{\normalfont\ttfamily\char`\\#1}} \def\La{La} \let\textsl\textit \let\sl\it \let\slfamily\itfamily \def\ttdefault{cmtt} \usepackage{tex-live} \begin{document} %\makeatletter\@ifundefined{HRestore}{}{\HRestore\noalign}\makeatother \author{Sebastian Rahtz\\ \texttt{sebastian.rahtz@oucs.ox.ac.uk} %Michel Goossens\\ %\texttt{m.goossens@cern.ch} } \title{The \protect\TeX\ Live Guide, 7th edition} \date{May 2002} \maketitle \begin{multicols}{2} \tableofcontents \listoftables \end{multicols} \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} This documentation describes the main features of the \TeXLive{} 7 \CD{}\Dash a \TeX{}/\LaTeX{} distribution for Unix, Linux, MacOSX, and Windows32 systems that includes \TeX{}, \LaTeXe{}, \MF, \MP, \cmdname{Makeindex}, and \BibTeX{}; and a wide-ranging set of macros, fonts and documentation conforming to the \emph{\TeX{} Directory Standard} (\TDS{})\Dash which can be used with nearly every \TeX{} setup. This \TeX{} package uses the \Webc{} version 7.3.7 implementation of the programs, which tries to make \TeX{}ing as easy as possible, and takes full advantage of the efficient and highly customizable \KPS{} library from Karl Berry and Olaf Weber. It can be run either directly from the \CD{} or installed on a hard disk. Most of the runnable systems on the \CD{} include a large set of drivers and support programs for \TeX, including \cmdname{dvips} (PostScript driver), \cmdname{dvipdfm} (dvi to PDF), \cmdname{xdvi} (X Windows previewer), \cmdname{dvilj} (HP LaserJet driver), \cmdname{lacheck} (\LaTeX{} syntax checker), \cmdname{tex4ht} (\TeX{} to HTML converter), \cmdname{dviconcat} and \cmdname{dviselect}, \cmdname{dv2dt} and \cmdname{dt2dv} (\texttt{dvi} to ASCII and vice versa), and Angus Duggan's PostScript utilities. \subsection{Extensions to \TeX} The \TeXLive{} runnable systems contain three extended versions of standard \TeX: \begin{enumerate} \item \eTeX, which adds a small but powerful set of new primitives, and the \TeXXeT{} extensions for left to right typesetting; in default mode, \eTeX{} is 100\% compatible with ordinary \TeX. See \OnCD{texmf/doc/etex/base/etex_man.pdf} on the \CD{} for details. \item pdf\TeX, which can optionally write Acrobat PDF format instead of \dvi{}. You will find the user manual in \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/pdftex-l.pdf}. The file \OnCD{texmf/doc/pdftex/samplepdf/samplepdf.tex} shows how it is used. The \LaTeX{} \pkgname{hyperref} package has an option `\optname{pdftex}', which turns on all the program features. \item \OMEGA{} (Omega), which works internally with 16-bit characters, using Unicode; this allows it to directly work with almost all the world's scripts simultaneously. It also supports dynamically loaded `\OMEGA{} Translation Processes' (\acro{OTP}s), which allow the user to define complex transformations to be performed on arbitrary streams of input. See \OnCD{texmf/doc/omega/base/doc-1.8.tex} for some (not necessarily up to date) documentation. \end{enumerate} \eTeX{} (version 2.1) is stable, although subsequent releases will add new functionality. pdf\TeX{} (version 1.00b) is also stable, but is still being improved. \OMEGA{} (version 1.23) is under development; the version on this \CD{} is that current as of May 2002. \section[Structure and contents of the CD-ROM]{Structure and contents of the \protect\CD{}} The important \CD{} top-level directories are listed below. \begin{description} \item[bin] The \TeX{} family programs, arranged in separate platform directories. \item[Books] Examples related to some books about \TeX. \item[FAQ] Frequently Asked Questions, in English, French, and German. \item[MacOSX] Support programs for MacOSX users \item[info] Documentation in \acro{GNU} `info' format for the \TeX{} system. \item[man] Documentation in the form of Unix man pages for the \TeX{} system. \item[setupw32] directory contains material for installation and use under Windows (see section \ref{sec:wintex} on p.~\pageref{sec:wintex}). \item[source] The source of all programs, including the main \Webc{} \TeX{} and \MF{} distributions. These are stored in a bzip2-compressed tar archive. \item[support] Various bits of \TeX-related software which are \emph{not} installed by default, support programs, and a complete distribution of \cmdname{Ghostscript} version 7.05. You can find here some other programs (editors, \TeX\ shells), which are usually absent from Windows installations, dedicated for beginners. They can be installed with the \texttt{TeXSetup.exe} Windows installation program. \item[texmf] The main support tree of macros, fonts and documentation; \item[usergrps] Material about \TeX\ User Groups. \end{description} There are also two installation scripts for Unix systems, \texttt{install-cd.sh} and \texttt{install-pkg.sh}; we discuss them on in section \ref{sec:install} on p.~\pageref{sec:install}. \subsection[Packages and collections]{Packages and collections} \label{packages} The \TeXLive{} \texttt{texmf} tree consists of various `collections', each of which refers to a set of `packages', of which there are over 700 on the \CD{}. Normal installation allows the user to copy all of a collection to a local hard disk from the \CD{}, but it is also possible to install just one package of a collection. The collections add functionality to a \TeX\ system. One of them, named `tex-basic', is necessary for almost all \TeX\ tasks, and two others, called `tex-latex' and `tex-pdftex' are highly recommended for most users. All others are optional. The collections (defined by XML files in \texttt{texmf/tpm/collections}) and their short descriptions are listed below. \begin{description} \item[tex-basic] These files are regarded as basic for any \TeX\ system, covering plain \TeX\ macros, Computer Modern fonts, and configuration for common drivers. \item[tex-bibtexextra] Additional, extensive libraries of BibTeX styles and bibliographies. \item[tex-chemistry] Essential chemistry \item[tex-context] Hans Hagen's powerful macro package, ConText \item[tex-documentation] Assorted useful documentation and guides \item[tex-etex] Support files for an extended \TeX\ \item[tex-extrabin] Various useful, but non-essential, support programs. Includes programs and macros for texinfo system; programs for dvi file manipulation, etc. \item[tex-fontbin] Programs for conversion between font formats, testing fonts (virtual fonts stuff, .gf and .pk manipulation, mft, fontinst, etc.) \item[tex-fontsextra] All sorts of extra fonts \item[tex-formatsextra] A collection of \TeX\ `formats', ie large-scale macro packages designed to be dumped into .fmt file \item[tex-games] Setups for typesetting various board games, including chess \item[tex-genericextra] This is a mixed bag of macro packages and fonts which do not seem to belong elsewhere \item[tex-htmlxml] Packages to convert \LaTeX\ to XML/HTML, and typeset XML/SGML \item[tex-langafrican] Support for some African scripts \item[tex-langarmenian] Essential armenian \item[tex-langcjk] Essential CJK (Chinese, Japanese, Korean) macros and fonts \item[tex-langcroatian] Essential croatian \item[tex-langcyrillic] Fonts and macro packages to typeset Cyrillic texts. \item[tex-langczechslovak] Pick this if you want Czech/Slovak fonts and other packages \item[tex-langdanish] Essential Danish \item[tex-langdutch] Essential Dutch \item[tex-langfinnish] Essential Finnish \item[tex-langfrench] Essential French \item[tex-langgerman] Essential German \item[tex-langgreek] Essential Greek \item[tex-langhungarian] Essential Hungarian \item[tex-langindic] Essential Indic \item[tex-langitalian] Essential Italian \item[tex-langlatin] Essential Latin \item[tex-langmanju] Essential Manju \item[tex-langmongolian] Essential mongolian \item[tex-langnorwegian] Essential Norwegian \item[tex-langother] Other languages \item[tex-langpolish] Pick this if you want Polish fonts and other packages \item[tex-langportuguese] Essential Portuguese \item[tex-langspanish] Essential Spanish \item[tex-langswedish] Essential Swedish \item[tex-langtibetan] Fonts and support for typesetting Tibetan \item[tex-langukenglish] Essential UK English \item[tex-langvietnamese] Essential Vietnamese \item[tex-latex] These packages are either mandated by the core \LaTeX\ team, or very commonly recommended \item[tex-latexextra] A large collection of add-on packages for \LaTeX\ \item[tex-mathextra] Extra math \item[tex-metapost] MetaPost (and MetaFont) drawing packages \item[tex-music] Music typesetting packages \item[tex-omega] Omega, a 16-bit extended \TeX\ by John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous \item[tex-pdftex] Support files for Han The Thanh's variant of \TeX\ which can generate PDF output \item[tex-pictures] Essential graphics \item[tex-plainextra] Plain \TeX\ extra macros \item[tex-psfonts] Essential psfonts \item[tex-psutils] Utilities to manipulate PostScript files \item[tex-publishers] Essential publishers \item[tex-t1utils] Utilities to manipulate Type1 fonts \item[tex-texbooks] Examples and other material from various books about TeX/LaTeX. \item[tex-theses] Macro packages from various Universities for their thesis styles \item[tex-ttfutils] Utilities to manipulate TrueType fonts \item[win32-support] You can choose individual tools from this collection. There are many \TeX\ oriented editors, graphics files toolsets, etc. \end{description} The directory \texttt{texmf/tpm/packages} contains lists of all files in each package (used by the installation programs). \section{Installation and use under Unix} \label{sec:install} You can use the \TeXLive{} \CD{} in three ways: \begin{enumerate} \item You can mount the \CD{} on your file system, run the \texttt{install-cd.sh} script, and select the option \verb|| (`do not install files, set up to run off CD-ROM'), and run everything off the \CD; this takes very little disk space, and gives you immediate access to everything on the \CD; although the performance will not be optimal, it is perfectly acceptable on, for instance, PCs running Linux. You could also copy the entire CD contents to your hard disk and work in this way. \item You can install all or part of the system to your local hard disk; this is the best method for many people, if they have enough disk space to spare (a minimum of about 100 megabytes, or 300 megabytes for a recommended good-sized system). \item You can install selected packages to work either with your existing \TeX{} system or a \TeXLive{} system you installed earlier. \end{enumerate} Each of these methods is described in more detail in the following sections. \ifSingleColumn \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \leavevmode \fi \begin{warningbox} \textbf{Warning: } This \CD{} is in ISO 9660 (High Sierra) format, with Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions. In order to take full advantage of the \CD{} on a Unix system, your system needs to be able to use the Rock Ridge extensions. Please consult the documentation for your \cmdname{mount} command to see if it is possible. If you have several different machines on a local network, see if you can mount the \CD{} on one which \emph{does} support Rock Ridge, and use this with the others. \leavevmode\quad Linux, FreeBSD, Sun, SGI and DEC Alpha systems should be able to use the \CD{} with no problems. We would appreciate receiving detailed advice from other system users who also succeed, for future versions of this documentation. \leavevmode\quad The discussion below about installation assumes you have been able to mount the \CD{} with full Rock Ridge compatibility. \end{warningbox} \ifSingleColumn \end{center} \end{figure*} \fi %\begin{addbymb} \subsection[Pre-installation procedure for MacOSX users] {Pre-installation procedure for MacOSX users} If you do not run MacOSX, you should skip this section. The \texttt{install-cd.sh} script is a \emph{sh} script (begins with ``\verb=#!/bin/sh=''), but on MacOSX \cmdname{sh} is unable to run it because \cmdname{sh} is emulated. However, \cmdname{bash} will run it. Unfortunately (again) \cmdname{bash} is not installed by default on MacOSX\footnote{there are some suggestions this will change in the future and even that \cmdname{bash} will be used to emulate \cmdname{sh}, in which case it might be true that in future versions of MacOSX, the script will just work.}. \begin{enumerate} \item\label{test-bash} (optional) See if \path|bash| is already installed. Launch \path|Terminal| (\path|/Applications/utilities/Terminal|) and type in a window \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{rehash; which bash} \end{alltt} the answer will be: \begin{itemize} \item the bash location (e.g. \path|/bin/bash| or \path|/usr/local/bin/bash|) if installed; \item \texttt{bash: command not found} if not installed. \end{itemize} If bash is already installed, skip to \ref{std-install} \item bash installation: \begin{description} \item[Mac friendly procedure] Look in the \path|MacOSX| directory of the \CD{} for an image disk named \path|bash.dmg|. mount that file by double-clicking it. The disk image (volume) will be mounted. Then start the \path|i-Installer| application on that volume. You will be asked to authenticate, if you have never seen that before, you might not have enough privileges to install. Just enter your own user name and password. Hit install. \path|bash| will be installed on your system. \item[Terminal procedure] \begin{enumerate} \item Log in as an admin user, at least a user with Admin privileges or sudo user or as the System Administrator. \item Open the \path|MacOSX| directory on the \CD{} and copy \path|bash.tar.gz| to your home directory (\texttt{\~{}/}) \item Then launch \path|Terminal| and type or copy/paste the line below in a Terminal window): \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{(cd /usr/local/; sudo tar xvzf ~/bash.tar.gz)} \end{alltt} type a carriage-return: you will be asked for your password, and \path|bash| will be installed. \item Quit \path|Terminal|. \end{enumerate} \end{description} \item Now after using either install method, goto \ref{test-bash}: you must obtain \path|/usr/local/bin/bash|\ldots{} (if not, try to log out and in). \item\label{std-install} The installation procedure is the same on MacOSX than on other UNIX platforms (as MacOSX is UNIX, that's quite normal!). Nevertheless, you should read what follows: \begin{itemize} \item Note that in all commands of the following sections, \cmdname{sh} must be replaced by \texttt{sudo bash}: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh install-cd.sh} \end{alltt} becomes \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sudo bash install-cd.sh} \end{alltt} etc. \item On MacOSX, cd are auto-mounted: you \emph{don't} need to use \texttt{mount}. The \CD{} will be mounted in the \path|/Volumes/| directory: in order to make it the current directory, you just have to type in \path|Terminal|: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{cd /Volumes/TeXLive-7...} \end{alltt} (complete this line with the real name of the \CD{}: using ``auto completion'' by pressing the \texttt{} key will do it). \end{itemize} \end{enumerate} %\end{addbymb} \subsection[Running \protect\TeXLive{} from the CD-ROM]{Running \protect\TeXLive{} from the \protect\CD} The organisation of \Webc{} means that you can run programs simply by adding the appropriate directory under \path|bin| on the \CD{} to your \texttt{PATH}, and the support files will all be found with no further ado. The following shows the list of available systems and the corresponding directories. \textbf{Only x86 Linux, Mac OSX, and Windows are available on the default CD. You need to ask for the Unix CD if you need the other systems.} \begin{flushleft} \begin{tabular}{@{}l>{\ttfamily}ll} Compaq Alpha Linux & alpha-linux & CD2\\ Compaq Alphaev5 OSF 4.0d & alphaev5-osf4.0d & CD2\\ HP9000 HPUX 10.20 & hppa2.0-hpux10.20 & CD2\\ IBM RS 6000 AIX 4.2.* & rs6000-aix4.2.1.0 & CD2\\ Intel x86 Solaris 2.8 & i386-solaris2.8 & CD2\\ Intel x86 with GNU/Linux & i386-linux & CD1\\ Mac OSX & powerpc-darwin5.3 & CD1\\ Sun Sparc Solaris 2.7 & sparc-solaris2.7 & CD2\\ Windows 9X/ME/NT/2K/XP & win32 & CD1\\ \end{tabular} \end{flushleft} You may worry that when you subsequently make fonts or change configuration, things will go wrong because you cannot change files on the \CD{}. However, you can maintain a parallel, writeable, \TeX{} tree on your hard disk; this is searched before the main tree on the \CD{}. The default location is \path|texmf-var| on the CD (which does not exist!), so you \emph{must} override this by setting the \texttt{VARTEXMF} environment variable. Thus \emph{sh} or \emph{bash} users on an Intel PC running Linux can mount the \TeXLive{} \CD{} on \file{/mnt/cdrom} by issuing the command: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom} \end{alltt} Then they should change the current directory to \path|/mnt/cdrom|, run \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh install-cd.sh} \end{alltt} and select the option \verb|| (\emph{do not install files, set up to run off CD-ROM}). After that, they should include the directory containing the binaries for the given architecture into the search path by updating the \texttt{PATH} variable. \begin{verbatim} PATH=/mnt/cdrom/bin/i386-linux:$PATH export PATH VARTEXMF=/usr/TeX/texmf-var export VARTEXMF \end{verbatim} %\begin{addbymb} \begin{description} \item[MacOSX users] On MacOSX, the default shell is \texttt{tcsh}: \begin{verbatim} setenv PATH /Volumes//bin/powerpc-darwin5.3:${PATH} setenv VARTEXMF /usr/TeX/texmf-var \end{verbatim} \end{description} %\end{addbymb} For convenience, these statements can also be entered into the \texttt{.profile} script. %\begin{addbymb} (for \texttt{tcsh} on MacOSX, \verb=~/Library/init/tcsh/rc.mine=). %\end{addbymb} If in doubt, ask your local system support guru to help you work out how to mount your \CD{} or which directory to use for your system. Appropriate support files will be installed on your hard disk the first time you need them. You can edit and change local configuration files which are stored to the directory designated by \texttt{\$VARTEXMF}. Any format file that is needed will be generated and stored here. %------------------------------------------------ \subsection{Installing \protect\TeXLive{} to a hard disk} All of the necessary steps to install all or part of the distribution on your hard disk are achieved by mounting the \CD{}, changing to the top-level directory, and typing: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh install-cd.sh} \end{alltt} (On some Unix systems, you may need to use \cmdname{sh5} or \cmdname{bash}.) This script works by accessing lists of collections and packages from the \CD{}, and trying to guess what sort of computer system you are on. It should start by displaying the following: \verbatiminput{../examples/ex1.tex} It will then show the main control screen (Figure~\ref{ins1}), which lets you change five things: \begin{enumerate} \item the type of system you are on, or want to install for; \item the \emph{installation scheme} you want to use (eg full, recommended, basic etc) \item the collections you want to change from the installation scheme (they are organised into two sets: \emph{standard collections} and \emph{language collections}); \item the location on your hard disk to put the files; \item some runtime behaviour features. \end{enumerate} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \ifnum\Status=2 \boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex2.tex} \else \begin{minipage}{0.8\textwidth} \boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex2.tex} \end{minipage} \fi \caption{Main control screen}\label{ins1} \end{center} \end{figure*} You choose options by typing a letter or number and pressing `return'. In the example, a Linux GNU/Linux system has been detected, the default set of collections will be installed, and the default installation directory is \path|/usr/TeX|; note that the disk space required for the current installation configuration is also displayed. If you make a suggested setup, you need about 60 megabytes of disk free; however, the basic setup will only take about 30 megabytes, and you can enhance it with selected packages as you need them. %\begin{addbymb} \begin{description} \item[MacOSX users] Most frontends (\emph{TeXShop}, \emph{ITeXMac}\ldots) use the \teTeX{} default location which is \path|/usr/local/teTeX|, so, Mac users could find interest in installing \TeXLive{} in \path|/usr/local/teTeX| rather than in \path|/usr/TeX|. \end{description} %\end{addbymb} Under the directory you choose for installation, the installation script will put the binaries in a subdirectory of \path|bin|, and the support tree in \path|texmf|. An additional tree \path|texmf-var| will contain copies of configuration files (except the main \path|texmf.cnf|), which are to be modified by \path|texconfig| program. This tree will also store generated format files for \TeX, \MF, etc. \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \ifnum\Status=2 \boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex3.tex} \else \begin{minipage}{.80\linewidth} \footnotesize \boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex3.tex} \end{minipage} \fi \caption{Selecting standard collections}\label{ins2} \end{center} \end{figure*} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \ifnum\Status=2 \boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex4.tex} \else \begin{minipage}{.80\linewidth} \footnotesize \boxedverbatiminput{../examples/ex4.tex} \end{minipage} \fi \caption{Selecting language collections}\label{ins3} \end{center} \end{figure*} When you choose || for \emph{standard collections}, you will see the display of available collections (Figure \ref{ins2}). Each collection --- TeX macro files, Metafont font families, and so on --- consists of several packages. You can toggle their inclusion on or off by pressing the key. Note that the selection letter keys are case sensitive. When you choose || for \emph{language collections}, you will see the display of available language support collections (Figure \ref{ins3}). Each collection consists of several packages, which provide features like hyphenation files and fonts. The || for \emph{options} item lets you decide whether to make new fonts be created in another location (if you want the main package mounted read-only for most users), and whether to make symbolic links for the binaries, \cmdname{man} and \acro{GNU} \cmdname{info} pages in the `standard' locations; you'll need `root' permissions for tasks to do this, of course. When you are finished, return to the main screen, and ask the installation to start. It will take each of the collections and systems that you requested, consult the list of files on the \CD{}, and build a master list of files to transfer. These will then be copied to your hard disk. If you installed a system, an initialization sequence is now run (creating format files, etc.). When this has finished, all you need do is add the correct subdirectory of \texttt{bin} in the \TeX{} installation to your path, and start using \TeX. If you want, you can move the binaries up one level, e.g.\ from \path|/usr/local/bin/alpha-osf3.2| to \path|/usr/local/bin|; if you do this, however, you must edit \path|texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf| (see Appendix~\ref{app:texmf.cnf}) and change the line near the start which reads \begin{verbatim} TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTOPARENT \end{verbatim} to \begin{verbatim} TEXMFMAIN = $SELFAUTODIR \end{verbatim} If you move the whole installation to another directory tree entirely, you need to edit \envname{TEXMFMAIN} to specify the support tree explicitly, and set \envname{TEXMFCNF} in your environment to \path|$TEXMFMAIN/texmf/web2c|. %------------------------------------------------ \subsection{Installing individual packages from \protect\TeXLive{} to a hard disk} You may want to use the \TeXLive{} \CD{} to either update an existing setup, or add features to an earlier installation from the \CD{}. The main installation program is intended for the first time only, and subsequently you should use the \texttt{install-pkg.sh} script on the \CD{}. Run this by mounting the \CD{}, changing to the mounted directory, and typing \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh \emph{options}} \end{alltt} The script supports nine options; the first four let you set the individual package you want to install, the whole collection (i.e., \texttt{tex-mathextra}), the name of the mounted \CD{} directory, and the name of the directory containing the list files (normally these latter two will be set automatically): \begin{tabular}{ll} \texttt{-{}-package=}\emph{name} & \\ \texttt{-{}-collection=}\emph{name} & \\ \texttt{-{}-cddir=}\emph{name} & \\ \texttt{-{}-listdir=}\emph{name} & \\ \end{tabular} What actually happens is controlled by four more switches; the first two allow you to exclude documentation or source files from the installation, the third stops the default action of running \texttt{mktexlsr} on completion to rebuild the file database, and the last does nothing but list the files that would be installed: \begin{tabular}{ll} \texttt{-{}-nodoc} & \\ \texttt{-{}-nosrc} & \\ \texttt{-{}-nohash} & \\ \texttt{-{}-listonly} & \\ \end{tabular} Finally, you can specify that, instead of installing the files, the script should make a \cmdname{tar} archive in a specified location: \begin{tabular}{ll} \texttt{-{}-archive=}\emph{name} & \\ \end{tabular} Thus, if we simply wanted to see the files that make up the package \pkgname{fancyhdr} before we installed it, our command and output would be as follows: \begin{alltt} \ifSingleColumn>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=fancyhdr --listonly} \else>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=fancyhdr \bs} >> \Ucom{-{}-listonly} \fi{} texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.dvi texmf/doc/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.tex texmf/lists/fancyhdr texmf/source/latex/fancyhdr/README texmf/source/latex/fancyhdr/fancyheadings.new texmf/tex/latex/fancyhdr/extramarks.sty texmf/tex/latex/fancyhdr/fancyhdr.sty texmf/tex/latex/fancyhdr/fixmarks.sty \end{alltt} Other examples of usage are: \begin{itemize} \item Install the \LaTeX{} package \texttt{natbib}: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=natbib} \end{alltt} \item Install the \LaTeX{} package \texttt{alg} with no source files and no documentation: \begin{alltt} \ifSingleColumn>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=alg --nosrc --nodoc} \else>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=alg \bs} >> \Ucom{-{}-nosrc -{}-nodoc} \fi\end{alltt} \item Install all the packages available in the collection containing additional Plain \TeX\ macros: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --collection=tex-plainextra} \end{alltt} \item Place all files which are needed for PSTricks in a \cmdname{tar} file in \path|/tmp|: \begin{alltt} \ifSingleColumn>> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh --package=pstricks --archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar} \else >> \Ucom{sh install-pkg.sh -{}-package=pstricks \bs} >> \Ucom{-{}-archive=/tmp/pstricks.tar} \fi\end{alltt} \end{itemize} \subsection{The texconfig program} \label{ssec:tex} After the installation program has copied all files to their final locations, you can use a program called \cmdname{texconfig} that allows you to configure the system to fit your local needs. This can be called at any other time to change your setup, with a full-screen (which requires the \cmdname{dialog} program, included as part of the binary packages) or command-line interface. It should be used for all maintenance, such as changes of installed printers, or rebuilding the file database. Both modes have help text to guide you through the facilities. \section{Installation and use under Windows} \label{sec:wintex} This section only applies to systems running Windows 9x, \acro{ME}, \acro{NT}, \acro{2K} or \acro{XP}. It is also necessary to have your Windows set up so that it uses the Microsoft Joliet extensions for reading \CD s; simply look at the \CD{} in Explorer and see whether it shows long, mixed-case, file names. If it does not, you cannot use the ready-to-run system on the \CD. This Win32 \TeX{} systems includes a \texttt{dvi} previewer, \textsf{Windvi}, which is similar in usage to the established Unix \textsf{xdvi}. The documentation can be found in \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/windvi/windvi.html}. \subsection[The TeXLive.exe program]{The \texttt{TeXLive.exe} program} \begin{figure*} \begin{center} \ifnum \Status=1 \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive} \else \ifnum \Status=2 \includegraphics[bb=20 20 575 432]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive.gif} \else \includegraphics[width=.7\textwidth]{../pictures/Welcome-to-TeXLive} \fi \fi \end{center} \caption{``Welcome to \TeXLive'' window}\label{graph:welcome} \end{figure*} If your computer is configured to let the \CD{} autostart, then a dialog box with a menu bar will popup on the screen, and you will have several choices from there: \begin{itemize} \item Install \TeX{} on your hard disk, \item Install TeX-oriented editors on your hard disk, \item Install support packages on your hard disk (Ghostscript, NetPBM, \ldots) \item Do some maintenance on you \TeX{} system, \item Remove the \TeX{} system, \item Use \TeX{} off the \CD{}, \item Cleanup the temporary files created on your hard disk when using \TeX{} off the \CD{}, \item Update some of the DLLs on your system, \item Browse some documentation: \TeXLive{} documentation, TUG web pages, \fpTeX web pages, \item Run the \cmdname{TeXdocTK} application to find specific documentation. \end{itemize} If your \CD{} does not autostart, you can explicitly run the program by double clicking on \path|bin/win32/TeXLive.exe| on the \CD{} from the explorer window. \subsection[Running \protect\TeXLive{} from the CD-ROM]{Running from the \protect\CD{}} You can run all the \TeX{} programs directly off the \CD, and have access to all the macros and fonts immediately, at the price of a slower performance than if you install on the hard disk. To work effectively, one needs to modify environment variables and to create some small auxiliary directories on a hard disk. These directories will contain necessary configuration files allowing the user to modify programs settings and to generate a necessary format file. Moreover, automatically generated font files will be stored there too. Should you want to run \TeX{} this way, you will have to follow these steps: \begin{enumerate} \item from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then \verb|Select a text editor|, a dialog box will open to select some \path|.exe| program. This program needs to be a \TeX{} oriented editor. It must be able to run the \TeX{} compiler, previewer and any other needed tool. If you don't have one already installed on your system, you can install one from the \CD{}, details section~{\ref{sec:texlive-install}}. \emph{There is no way we can guess if the program you will select is actually a text editor, so be careful}. Here is a list of frequently used \TeX{} editors: \begin{center} \begin{tabular}[ht]{ll} GNU Emacs & \path|c:\Program Files\NTEmacs\bin\runemacs.exe| \\ XEmacs & \path|c:\Program Files\XEmacs\XEmacs-21.2\i586-pc-win32\xemacs.exe| \\ WinShell & \path|c:\Program Files\WinShell\WinShell.exe| \\ WinEdt & \path|c:\Program Files\WinEdt Team\WinEdt\WinEdt.exe|\\ TeXnicCenter & \path|c:\Program Files\TeXnicCenter\TEXCNTR.exe| \end{tabular} \end{center} The program selected will be memorized as the editor to use for future runs. \item from the menu, chose \verb|Explore CD-Rom|, then \verb|Run TeX off CD-Rom|. The environment will be modified, a small temporary directory created and some configuration files copied there. Then, the selected editor selected will be launched, and you will be able to type in some text, let \TeX{} typeset it and the view it or print it. If Ghostscript is not detected on your machine, you will be warned that rendering your DVI files might fail. You can install it from the \path|Install|, \path|Support| menu item. See section~\ref{sec:texlive-install} for details. \item you can select a different text editor any time you want. \item if you chose \verb|Cleanup CD-Rom setup|, everything \TeX{} needed will be removed, comprised the selection of your text editor, but not the extra packages you may have downloaded and installed. If you installed \cmdname{WinShell} or \cmdname{NTEmacs}, they won't be removed. \end{enumerate} The editor is run inside a modified environment. A temporary TDS compliant texmf tree is build in the temporary area of your computer. It is needed to store files that may be build on the fly like pk font files or format files. Configuration files are copied from the \CD{} to this texmf tree, so that you can edit them if needed. The \path|ls-R| database is computed for this texmf tree. Then the \texttt{PATH} and \texttt{TEXMFCNF} environment variables are set locally, and the editor is run in this local environment. From within your editor\footnote{Actually, you can state any other program than a text editor, and select your command processor for example. You will then get a console with the right settings to use \TeX{} from the \CD{}.}, you have access to a full \TeXLive{} environment, all files referenced on the \CD{}. \smallskip {\small\noindent \textbf{[For advanced users:]} You can also use the small batch file \path|mkloctex.bat| to be called in a directory \path|setupw32| of the \CD. From the Start menu select `Run', then browse CD drive and select \path|mkloctex.bat|. Before starting it, you should add two parameters separated by a space: the letter of your CD drive and the letter of the hard disk where you want to install the \TeX\ directory. The whole line should read, e.g., \verb+d:\setupw32\mkloctex.bat d c+. When installation is complete, please read carefully the information on screen. If you are running Windows 9x/ME, then you will have to restart Windows. } \subsection{Installing editors or support packages} \label{sec:texlive-install} You can already use the \path|TeXSetup.exe| program to install a single, not \TeX{} dependent package. This might be either an editor like \cmdname{WinShell} or \cmdname{NTEmacs}, or also a support package like \cmdname{NetPBM} (graphics formats conversion) or \cmdname{Ghostscript}. Some of the packages are not free, or not with the same meaning as for the rest of the \CD{}. These packages have been made available through the Internet. You need to enable an Internet connection in order to install them. Chosing the \path|Enable Internet access| subitem will search your system for an active Internet connection, or start one if possible. \emph{If your computer is not connected to the Internet, then the timeout might be long, 30s or more}. So try to enable it only if you know you have a connection. Only a few packages are available from the \CD{}, but the most important of them: \cmdname{NTEmacs} and \cmdname{WinShell} for the editors, \cmdname{Ghostscript} and \cmdname{NetPBM} for the other support packages. \cmdname{NetPBM} is needed for running \TeX{}4ht. The downloadable packages are sometimes huge: \cmdname{Perl} is 10Mb, \cmdname{XEmacs} is 50Mb, so be warned that it can take a lot of time to install such things. \path|TeXSetup.exe| does not yet provide an estimation of the time needed to complete the download. When installing these packages, \path|TeXSetup| is working in unattended mode. However, the programs that have their own installer like WinEdt or Ghostscript for example will require human interaction. Those packages who have no specific installer will be unpacked and configured for your system. You will be required to select some directory where they will be installed. The directory to select should be the root directory of the whole installation. Assuming you want to install NTEmacs and NetPBM, the archive files already contain the \path|NTEmacs\| and \path|NetPBM\| part, so the directory you have to select is something like \path|c:\Local| or \path|c:\Program Files|. \subsection{Installing to your hard disk} Installation is started by letting the CD autostart, and selecting the item \verb|Install| from the menu, then the subitem \verb|TeXLive|. This will invoke the \path|TeXSetup.exe|. You can also find it in the \path|bin/win32| directory and run it. \path|TeXSetup.exe| is a Windows wizard and it will display several pages while running. \begin{description} \item[Welcome Page] You can choose a \emph{quick} installation from there, in this case, the installation will run without any human assistance from beginning to end, with all the default settings (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the left% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the top% \else on the left% \fi\fi ). However, if you chose to install any support program that has its own installer like WinEdt or Ghostscript, your intervention might be required. If you have enough privileges (administrator or power user rights) under a Windows version where it is applicable, then you can decide to install the \TeXLive{} for all users or for yourself only by checking the appropriate box. \begin{figure*}[!htb] The \cmdname{TeXSetup} Wizard\hfill Source directories for the \TeXLive{} files \begin{center} \ifnum \Status=1 \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/setup-wizard.jpg}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/source-for-texlive.jpg} \else \ifnum \Status=2 \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/setup-wizard.gif} \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/source-for-texlive.gif} \else \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/setup-wizard}% \hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/source-for-texlive} \fi \fi \caption{The \TeXLive{} setup wizard}\label{graph:setup-src} \end{center} \end{figure*} \item[Source Page] This page is a bit complex. It will allow you to select two source directories for your \TeXLive{} system (Figure~\ref{graph:setup-src}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the right% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the bottom% \else on the right% \fi\fi ). You will need a \emph{local source directory} and possibly a \emph{remote source directory}. Why do we need both these directories? The very files of the \TeXLive{} system are on the \CD{}, but some other packages useful under a Win32 system are not, either because of space lacking or because their license was not compatible with the \TeXLive{}'s one. You need to enable Internet downloading if you want to install these support packages. However, don't panic: the default parameters of the setup will allow you to install a full system using the \CD{} only. Simply, you won't have \file{WinEdt} for example, but you will be able to install it later. So you can take your files from: \begin{itemize} \item the \CD{} or any similar flat tree of files, available through some standard directory (this means the \CD{} can be mounted on some remote machine and be made available through network sharing), \item a set of \file{.zip} files (this is the case when you are installing the \fpTeX{} distribution), \item the Internet, in this case, the program takes care of downloading the \file{.zip} files it needs for you. \end{itemize} This option is available only if you enable Internet file downloading in the right part of the page. You also need to configure this Internet access by selecting to connect either using Internet Explorer~5 \file{wininet.dll}, or using a direct connection (\texttt{ftp}, \texttt{http}). % or using a proxy server. % Last, you can be assisted in defining the \emph{local source % directory} and \emph{remote source directory} which will be used % to copy the files onto your hard disk. The \texttt{browse} buttons % allow to select a directory for the former, and an url among a list % of mirrors for the latter. \item[Root Page] On this page, you will tell where you want the files to be installed (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the left% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the top% \else on the left% \fi\fi ). Only the root directory really matters, the other ones are set according to the root one. You may want to make \path|$TEXMFEXTRA| point to some TDS compliant directory with other \TeX{} files or assign a different value to \path|$HOMETEXMF|, which is set by default to whatever Windows think is your `HOME' location. \begin{figure*}[!htb] Root and directories\hfill% Scheme selection \begin{center} \ifnum \Status=1 \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/root-of-installation.jpg}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/scheme-selection.jpg} \else \ifnum \Status=2 \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/root-of-installation.gif} \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/scheme-selection.gif} \else \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/root-of-installation}% \hfill% \includegraphics[width=.46\textwidth]{../pictures/scheme-selection} \fi \fi \caption{\TeXLive-Setup: Root and directories / Schemes}\label{graph:root-schm} \end{center} \end{figure*} \item[Get TPM Page] This page does not require any manual intervention. The \file{.tpm} files which describe collections and packages are retrieved (possibly from the Internet), unzipped if needed and parsed. \item[Schemes Page] On this page, you will select the global scheme of your installation (Figure~\ref{graph:root-schm}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the right% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the bottom% \else on the right% \fi\fi ). A scheme is a large set of files targeted at some kind of usage. There are 3 generic schemes for basic, recommended and full installation. The other ones are devoted to LUGs (what GUST or GUTenberg propose for their members) or applications (XML and \TeX{}). When a scheme is selected, it is still possible to refine the selection by checking the appropriate box. If doing so, you will be presented the packages page to change your selection, else you will jump to the review page. \item[Packages Page] Collections and packages are presented in a tree form (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the left% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the top% \else on the left% \fi\fi ). The links in the tree are dependency links. Collections \emph{depend on} packages and maybe other collections, and it is the same for each package. You can select any package or collection individually, but your request will be granted only if the object is not requested by another one which is selected. For example, you can't deselect \texttt{tex-basic} without deselecting all the collections that request it. The \texttt{win32-support} collection displayed on the picture is Win32 specific. It holds a number of bonus packages (Figure~\ref{graph:win32-support}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the right% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the bottom% \else on the right% \fi\fi ) which can be installed automatically and individually: Ghostscript, the PostScript interpreter, \TeX{} oriented editors, tools like Perl, \LaTeX{}2HTML, etc. \emph{None of these packages are selected by default}. Some of them have an Internet Explorer icon on their right, this means that they are not on the \CD{} and they will be available only if you previously enabled Internet downloading. \emph{This collection cannot be selected entirely at once: you need to select the packages individually}. This is to avoid unwanted downloads of huge files. On this page, you also have the information about disk space needed, for each object, and for the set of those who are selected, and also the disk space available on the partition selected for the installation. Last, you can choose to install or not the documentation files and source files associated with each package. \item[Review Page] You will find there a summary of your choices (Figure~\ref{graph:review}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the left% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the top% \else on the left% \fi\fi ). It is still time to go back to change them. \begin{figure*}[!htb] Packages Page\hfill% Win32 Support \begin{center} \ifnum \Status=1 \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/package-selection}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/win32-support} \else \ifnum \Status=2 \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/package-selection.gif}\hfill% \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/win32-support.gif} \else \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/package-selection}% \hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/win32-support} \fi \fi \end{center} \caption{Packages Page / Win32 goodies} \label{graph:win32-support} \end{figure*} \item[Files Copy Page] The selected files are copied on your hard disk (Figure~\ref{graph:file-copy}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the right% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the bottom% \else on the right% \fi\fi ). All the files not yet available on your local disk are first downloaded from the remote source directory on the Internet. Then every package is unpacked (if \path|.zip| files), or copied from the \CD{}. \item[Configuration Page] Several packages need some configuration step to make them usable (Figure~\ref{graph:configuration}, \ifnum \Status = 1 on the left% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the top% \else on the left% \fi\fi ). Also the \TeXLive{} system needs some post-processing step (format files generation, ls-R databases generation, environment variables, etc.). All these operations are done there, some of them can be lengthy. \begin{figure*}[!htb] \textbf{Review Page}\hfill% \textbf{File Copy Page} \begin{center} \ifnum \Status=1 \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/review-settings}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/file-copy} \else \ifnum \Status=2 \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/review-settings.gif}\hfill% \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/file-copy.gif} \else \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/review-settings}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/file-copy}% \fi \fi \end{center} \caption{Review Page / File Copy Page} \label{graph:review}\label{graph:file-copy} \end{figure*} \item[Final Page] The installation being over, you may want to display the Windows specific documentation (HTML format) and / or the log file of the setup process (Figure~\ref{graph:final} \ifnum \Status = 1 on the right% \else\ifnum \Status=2 at the bottom% \else on the right% \fi\fi ). If it is needed (Win9x/WinME), you will be asked to reboot your computer. \end{description} \begin{figure*}[!htb] \textbf{Configuration Page}\hfill% \textbf{Final Page} \begin{center} \ifnum \Status=1 \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/configuration}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/congratulations} \else \ifnum \Status=2 \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/configuration.gif}\hfill% \includegraphics[bb=0 0 506 403]{../pictures/congratulations.gif} \else \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/configuration}\hfill% \includegraphics[width=.48\textwidth]{../pictures/congratulations}% \fi \fi \end{center} \caption{Configuration Page / Final page} \label{graph:configuration}\label{graph:final} \end{figure*} Please be aware that the choice of cluster size on DOS disk partitions can radically affect the size of your \TeX\ installation. The support tree has hundreds of small files, and it is not unusual for a complete installation to take up to 4 times the amount of space used on the \CD. \section[Maintenance and other aspects of the \protect\TeXLive{} installation under Windows]{Maintenance and other aspects of the \protect\TeXLive{} installation under Windows} \subsection{What's different under Win32 from the standard \Webc ?} The Win32 version of \Webc{} has some specific features that need to be noticed. \begin{description} \item[\KPS{}] the hash-tables that \KPS{} builds are quite large for the \TeXLive{}. In order to cut down the starting time of any \KPS{}-enabled program, these hash-tables have been put in shared memory. This way, when you chain the execution of several such programs, like \path|tex| calling \path|mpost| calling \path|tex|, the overhead when starting each of the programs but the first will be reduced. This change is hidden to the user, except if you set the debug flag of kpathsea to the \path|-1| value: you will then trace access to the shared memory, which is not what you want (it is accessed very often!). What is useful in a log trace of the shared memory access is still to be defined, so the situation might evolve in the future. \item[\cmdname{kpsecheck}] this command provides some option that did not fit well into \cmdname{kpsewhich}. It will allow you to list all the files that occur multiple times across your texmf trees. This could be handy, but most of the time you will also get unwanted output (like dozens of \path|README| files)\footnote{It is noticeable that all these files result in clashes inside the \KPS{}-hashing mechanism, fortunately, \KPS{} never look for these files.}. For this reason, you can combine the \path|-multiple-occurences| with 2 other options for including or excluding any filename that match some pattern (you can request for several patterns). The \cmdname{kpsecheck} command will also report the status of shared memory: in use or not used. That might be useful to know because if the status reported is ``in use'', that means one or several processes are working, and the effect of any \cmdname{mktexlsr} command will be delayed until the next time where no \KPS{} linked process will be running. Last, this same command will report about the location it thinks Ghostscript can be found. Under Win32, for many programs, it is easier to use the Ghostscript dll, and find it by using the Ghostscript registry key than to change the \path|PATH|, which has a limited length anyway. \item[\Webc{}] the engines have a few more options than the ones from regular \Webc{}, and one option with a different behaviour: \begin{itemize} \item the \path|-fmt| option behaves differently. Previously and with the regular \Webc{} distribution, this option has 2 different meanings when you are in ``ini'' or ``vir'' mode. Under Win32, it has the same meaning: preload the format file specified with the argument. The meaning of building a format of such name in ``ini'' mode is obtained by the new \path|-job-name| option. \item \path|-job-name| option: allows to set the name of the file resulting from the compilation process. In normal mode, it will change the base name of all files produced (\path|.dvi|, \path|.aux|, etc.), while in ``ini'' mode, it will set the name of the format file written. \item \path|-halt-on-error| stop the compilation at the first error. \item \path|-job-time| set the job time to the same timestamp as the file given in argument. \item \path|-output-directory| allow to write all the output files in the specified directory. \item \path|-time-statistics| print statistics about the job run time. It is to be noted that Win9x not being a true multitasking operating system, it has no reliable timer for short periods, so the value printed is an approximation. Under NT/2K/XP, the result is quite accurate with user time and system time values allocated for this run. For Unix users: the \path|time| command is not usually available to Windows users. \end{itemize} \end{description} \subsection{Adding packages to your installation} You will find an option in the \texttt{TeXLive} menu (or go to \texttt{Start -> Programs -> TeXLive -> Add TeX package} menu) to run again \file{TeXSetup.exe}, but in maintenance mode this time. The steps you will go through are almost identical to the ones the first time you run it. The only different step is about the packages selection page. In maintenance mode, the list of installed packages is compared to the list of packages available from your source directories. Packages that are not installed will be displayed in green, out of date packages will be displayed in red and up to date, installed packages are displayed in black. This way, you can choose to add or upgrade components, either from your \CD{} or from the Internet, where you are likely to find some more recent version of your packages. It is up to you to select which ones of the packages you want to install. The rest of the process is similar to the first installation. If you want to add files that are not provided by the \TeXLive{} (or \fpTeX{}) distribution, it is recommended to put them in the \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| directory. This way, you will be safe against upgrades of the \TeXLive{} software. The directory pointed to by \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| is initially empty. If you want to add there the support file for Maple (symbolic computation program) for example, you will have to put the style files in:\\ \path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\tex\latex\maple\|\\ and the documentation files in:\\ \path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-local\doc\latex\maple\| Next, \textbf{do not forget to rebuild the ls-R databases files}, either by using the right menu (Start -> Programs -> TeXLive -> Maintenance), either by manually running the \file{mktexlsr} command. \subsection[Removing \protect\TeXLive{} from your hard disk]{Removing \protect\TeXLive{} from your hard disk} The uninstall procedure is available either from the \file{TeXLive.exe} program, from the \path|TeXLive| menu or from the control panel (Start menu -> Control Panel, Add/Remove Programs option). This procedure will cleanup your hard disk of most of the \TeXLive{} files. However, \TeX{} is a system that is creating files and there is no mechanism to keep track of all of them. Moreover, Win32 support packages have their own uninstall procedure, which you will have to run separately (provided you want to get rid of them). Last, the files you may have stored in \path|$TEXMFLOCAL| won't be removed. So, even if the vast majority of files are automatically removed by the uninstall procedure, you will have to do some manual cleanup to actually remove all of them. \subsection{Running \texttt{TeXSetup.exe} from the command line} The \path|TeXSetup.exe| program has a number of other interesting options. You can get the list by running: \begin{verbatim} c:\>TeXSetup --help \end{verbatim} Here is the description: \begin{description} \item[\path|--automatic-reboot|] reboot without waiting user confirmation once installation is over; \item[\path|--dry-run|] do nothing, just log everything that will be done without this option; \item[\path|--quick|] use the recommended installation and default directories, ask nothing up to rebooting; \item[\path|--net-method (=ie5/direct)|] enable to download components with restricted licenses from the Internet (either using direct connection of Internet Explorer 5 DLLs): you need to have an available network connection and some of the packages are huge; \item[\path|--remote-source-directory |] this is the base url for the remote packages; \item[\path|--local-source-directory |] by default, \path|TeXSetup.exe| will guess the root directory of the set of files you want it to act on, if you ever upgrade \path|TeXSetup.exe|, you won't be able to copy the new version onto your \CD{}, so you will need to use this option to specify the root of the \CD{}; \item[\path|--installation-directory |] this is the root of your installation, all files will be copied under this location. The default value is \verb+c:\Program Files\TeXLive+; \item[\path|--texmfmain-directory |] \item[\path|--texmflocal-directory |] \item[\path|--texmfextra-directory |] \item[\path|--texmfhome-directory |] \item[\path|--vartexmf-directory |] \item[\path|--vartexfonts-directory |] these are the directories used to configure the location of your files. They map directly to the \path|texmf.cnf| variables. \item[\path|--with-source-files(=yes/no)|] copy the source files for \TeX{} packages, default value is no; \item[\path|--with-documentation-files(=yes/no)|] copy documentation files for \TeX{} packages. Default value is yes. Beware: this is only documentation about specific packages, general documentation will be installed anyway; \item[\path|--program-folder |] the name of the folder under which you will find the menus; \item[\path|--add-package |] this is used to add or update a specific package after a first regular installation; \item[\path|--scheme |] install the named scheme instead of the default \path|texlive-recommended| scheme; \item[\path|--maintenance|] mostly the same as \path|--add-package| without specifying a package to add; \item[\path|--uninstall|] this option will remove anything \TeX{} related coming from the \CD{}, which means there can be files left if you added style files or format files, and also that supplementary tools will not be removed\footnote{This option is still a bit crude as of \today}; \item[\path|--help|] this option opens up a box with the list of options. \end{description} \subsection{Network installation} \KPS{} knows about UNC names, so you can use them to get your TEXMF tree from the network. But there is better than this. All the support files and configuration files, everything except the files in the \path|bin/win32| are shareable with a \teTeX{} or Unix \TeXLive{} installation. That means you can use Samba either to mount from an NT server to a Unix workstation or the converse. Several strategies are possible: \begin{itemize} \item Put everything on the server. Just add each set of files for the os and architecture you want to use in the \path|bin| directory. That means for example \path|bin/win32| and \path|bin/i386-linux|. Next configure your main variables. You can use UNC names to point to the right directories under Win32. \item Install a local copy for the binaries and format files. In this case, assign \path|$TEXMFMAIN| to the main \path|texmf| tree that will be accessed remotely. Set \path|$VARTEXMF| to be a local directory which will hold local configuration files and on-the-fly generated files. \end{itemize} \subsection{Personal Configurations} \subsubsection{\cmdname{WinShell}} \label{sec:winshell} Start this program from the Start menu or from the Desktop shortcut. Go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{Program Calls}. \begin{itemize}\itemsep 0pt \item In the DVIWin tab, if the filename is \textbf{yap}, replace it with \textbf{windvi.exe}. \item In Ghostview tab, make sure it gives the correct path for gsview32.exe:\\ \hspace*{1em} \verb+C:\ghostgum\gsview\gsview32.exe+ (for 3.6, the current version)\\ or \\ \hspace*{1em} \verb+C:\gstools\gsview\gsview32.exe+ (for the older version) \end{itemize} Click \textbf{OK}. Note that the install process sets all files with the \texttt{.tex} extension to open with \cmdname{WinShell}. Unless you plan to use another editor (such as WinEdt or Emacs), this is appropriate. Unfortunately, \cmdname{WinShell} does not have a spell-checking feature. However, if you have installed the \path|tex-extrabin| collection, your installation includes \textbf{Ispell} (a spell checking program found on most Unix systems). The executable is in your PATH so \verb+ispell.exe+ will be found if you invoke it from a DOS window. If you installed documentation, look at\\ \verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\doc\html\manpages\ispell.html+\\ for information on Ispell. (Otherwise, you can find \verb+ispell.html+ on the CD.) If you rely on spell checking, you may want to add an Ispell icon to \cmdname{WinShell}. See subsection~\ref{winshell:ispell} of this document for how to do that. For an excellent commercial (but inexpensive) spelling checker, see \url{http://www.microspell.com}. %Appendix B also contains other information about using \cmdname{WinShell}, such as: % %\begin{itemize} %\item How to apply a bug fix you probably need %\item How to print directly from \cmdname{WinShell} %\item How to use the Project feature for multiple-file documents %\end{itemize} \cmdname{WinShell} also has on-line help, which you can access via the $\textbf{\underbar{?}}$ on the menu bar. Other information about using \cmdname{WinShell} can be found in section \ref{winshell:more} on p.~\pageref{winshell:more}. \subsubsection{Dvips} The configuration file for dvips can be found in\\ \verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\dvips\config\config.ps+\\ You may open it with any editor (\cmdname{WinShell} will do fine) and change some parameters: \begin{description} \item [fonts] you can change the default printer \MF{} mode or printer resolution in case dvips needs to generate PK fonts. By default it is configured to use type1 versions of the CM fonts, so it should not call \cmdname{mktexpk} too often; \item[printer] you can tell dvips where you want to print by default. If the `o' option is not followed by a printer name, then a \file{.ps} PostScript file is written. You can give dvips a printer name such as: \begin{verbatim} o lpt1: % o | lpr -S server -P myprinter % o \\server\myprinter \end{verbatim} \item[paper] Next, you might want to change the paper size from European (A4) to US letter by making the US letter the first paper size mentioned in the file. Scroll to the group of lines beginning with ``@''. Move the appropriate lines so that this section begins with the lines:\\ \hspace*{1em} @ letterSize 8.5in 11in\\ \hspace*{1em} @ letter 8.5in 11in\\ \hspace*{1em} @+ \%\%BeginPaperSize: Letter\\ \hspace*{1em} @+ letter\\ \hspace*{1em} @+ \%\%EndPaperSize \end{description} \textbf{Note:} The current \TeXLive{} distribution has implemented (for the first time!) the procedure of making always up-to-date fontmaps files for Dvips and Pdftex. This is done by \cmdname{updmap} program during installation, as well as during any font package addition. If you add new packages by hand, edit the file \verb+updmap.cfg+ in \path|$VARTEXMF/web2c|. \subsubsection{Pdftex} If you want to use the program pdf{}latex to convert directly to pdf format, and you are using US letter file, edit the file\\ \verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf-var\pdftex\config\pdftex.cfg+\\ and change ``page\_width'' and ``page\_height'' to specify letter-size paper. These entries should read:\\ \hspace*{1em} page\_width 8.5 true in\\ \hspace*{1em} page\_height 11 true in\\[6pt] Save the file and exit the editor. \subsubsection{GSView} Starting from versions compatible with Ghostscript 6.50, GSView is not free anymore, but shareware. So it is not on the \CD{} anymore. You may want to change the papersize to US letter size. If so, open GSView from the Start menu. \\ From the \textbf{Media} menu, select \textbf{Letter}. Also, there are menu settings that are supposed to give you the most readable screen image:\\[4pt] From \textbf{Media} \verb+->+ \textbf{Display Settings}, set \textbf{Text Alpha} and \textbf{Graphics Alpha} both to 4 bits. Note that the installation process has set all .ps and .eps files to automatically open with GSView. For printing instructions, see section~\ref{printing} below. \subsubsection{WinDvi} \label{sub:windvi} The \file{TeXSetup.exe} program takes care of associating the files with the \file{.dvi} extension with \file{Windvi}. Open it from the Start menu (Programs \verb+->+ TeXLive \verb+->+ DVI Viewer). You can set it for US letter paper by going to \textbf{View} \verb+->+ \textbf{Options} and next to \textbf{Papertype}, selecting US (8.5\verb+"+ x 11\verb+"+). Click \textbf{OK}. Exit Windvi. You can change other parameters from there, like the ability to execute commands included in path|\special{}|. Also, the first time you view any .dvi file, you may find the magnification too large. Zoom out until you get an appropriate size. %There are two important parameters related to printing that can't yet %be set from the dialog boxes, namely the resolution and the \MF{} mode %for the printer. You can set them once for all by specifying them on %the command line: %\begin{verbatim} %c:\>windvi -p 360 -mfmode canonbjc foo.dvi %\end{verbatim} %When you will exit Windvi, these parameters will be stored in the %configuration file. The available modes are found in this file:\\ %\path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\metafont\misc\modes.mf| All the configuration for Windvi is stored in the \path|$HOME/windvi.cnf| file. You can find it by running this command at the prompt: \begin{verbatim} c:\>kpsewhich --expand-var $HOME/windvi.cnf \end{verbatim} Should you have problems with Windvi, please remove the configuration file and test your problem against a vanilla configuration. \subsection{Testing} You can test \cmdname{WinShell} by opening the file \verb+sample2e.tex+, found in \path|C:\Local\TeX\texmf\tex\latex\base|. The \LaTeX\ source should appear on the screen. Process it by clicking on the \LaTeX\ icon on the toolbar, then view it by clicking on the Preview (Windvi) icon. At first, when you preview files with Windvi, it will create fonts because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window. Return to \cmdname{WinShell} and try dvips, then GSView. \textbf{Hint for the future:} If a \LaTeX\ run stops because \LaTeX\ cannot find a file, you can press \textbf{Ctrl-z} to quit. \subsection{Printing}\label{printing} It is possible to print from Windvi. In this case, printing will be done using the Windows unified printer driver. By definition, it is compatible with all printers. However, there is some drawback: it can generate some huge spool files, and some (older) versions of Windows just don't like them. The advantage is that you can use features like embedding BMP or WMF images. You also need to make sure that the printer parameters are correctly set (subsection~\ref{sub:windvi}), else you will get scaled printing (printing at 600dpi on a 300dpi printer will give you only one quadrant of your page). Printing is faster and more reliable if you run dvips to make a .ps file and then print from GSView. To print from GSView, first select \textbf{Print...} from the \textbf{File} menu. A Print window will appear. If you will be using a PostScript printer, \textit{be sure to select \textbf{PostScript Printer}}. In the newer version this is done in the ``Print Method'' box at the bottom left of the Print window. You can then select any of the printers that you have previously installed on your PC. If you fail to check the box for PostScript Printer, printing will not work. If you will be using your own non-PostScript printer, select \textbf{Ghostscript device} in the ``Print Method'' box, then click on the button to the right labelled \textbf{djet500} and select your printer type from the list that pops up. (In the older version of GSView, make sure PostScript Printer is \textit{not} selected, then select your printer type from the ``Device'' list.) If you use \cmdname{WinShell} and a PostScript printer, probably the most convenient way to print is to add an icon to the \cmdname{WinShell} toolbar that invokes dvips in a way that sends the output directly to a default printer. For detailed instructions on how to do this, see \ref{winshell:print} on p.~\pageref{winshell:print} (\textit{More About \cmdname{WinShell}}). \subsection{More About \cmdname{WinShell}}\label{winshell:more} \subsubsection{Installing Bug Fixes} \cmdname{WinShell}'s author (\href{mailto:idb@winshell.de}{Ingo de Boer}, thanks to him) sometimes releases beta versions of the next \cmdname{WinShell} version which are also bug fixes. You can grab them from \url{http://www.winshell.de}. Usually they are \file{.zip} files that only require to be unpacked in \cmdname{WinShell} directory (\path|c:\Program Files\WinShell| by default), either using WinZip or a similar tool, or by using \file{unzip} on the command line. If you got some \file{winshellbugfix.zip} file and that you saved it in the \cmdname{WinShell} directory, then you need to run: \begin{verbatim} c:\>cd c:\"Program Files"\WinShell c:\>c:\local\bin\unzip winshellbugfix.zip \end{verbatim} Say `yes' if you are asked if some files should be overwritten. The \path|unzip.exe| programme can be found in the \path|support/gnu-utils| package. If you do not have it on your machine, you can use any archiver tool like WinZip to achieve the same effect. \subsubsection{Using the Project Feature} If your document is split into several files (for example a thesis), look into \cmdname{WinShell}'s ``Project'' feature. From the \textbf{Project} menu, you give the project a name (e.g., Thesis), supply the name of the main (or root) file, and then ``add'' other files. These filenames display on the left of the screen where you can double click the names to view and switch between them. Clicking the \textbf{\LaTeX} icon always processes the main file. Note the icons on the toolbar for toggling the project space (on the left) and the log space (at the bottom). If you are not using the Project feature, you may want to toggle off the space on the left, using the full screen width to display your file. \subsubsection{Printing from \cmdname{WinShell} to a PostScript Printer} \label{winshell:print} The Dvips icon on the \cmdname{WinShell} toolbar puts the PostScript output in a file, which you can then view with GSView and print from there if you choose. However, it's convenient to add a \cmdname{WinShell} ``program call'' to dvips which sends the output directly to a designated PostScript printer. The steps below show how to do this for the printer \textbf{vclw}; you should substitute the name of your most frequently-used printer for \textbf{vclw}. \begin{enumerate} \item Make the program aware of the printer: \begin{itemize} \item Open \cmdname{WinShell}, go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{Program Calls} \verb+->+ \textbf{User defined}. \item Click on \textbf{Tool 1} in the list on the right and fill in the fields to the left as follows:\vspace{-6pt} \begin{quote} Name: \verb+Print+\\ exe file: \verb+dvips+\\ cmd-line: \verb+ -D600 %m -o vclw+\\ Uncheck the box for ``DVIPS first'' \end{quote}%\vspace{-12pt} \item Click \textbf{OK} \end{itemize} \item Add Print to the toolbar: \begin{itemize} \item Go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{View} \verb+->+ \textbf{Customize}. \item In the Category box, select \textbf{User-Programs}. \item Select \textbf{Print} and drag it to the toolbar, placing it just to the right of the GSView icon. \item You then have a choice of ``Image only'', ``Text only'', or ``Image and Text''. The easiest is to select ``Text only'' and click \textbf{OK}. You should then see \textbf{Print} on the toolbar. (If you prefer, you can select ``Image only'', then ``Edit'', and edit the displayed picture to your satisfaction.) \end{itemize} \end{enumerate} Now, to print a \LaTeX\ document, just click on the \textbf{Print} icon to send to your selected printer. To use a different printer, you will need to click on the \textbf{Dvips} icon to print to a file. Then click on the GSView icon and use GSView to send to any printer you have installed on your PC. \subsubsection{Adding Ispell to \cmdname{WinShell}} \label{winshell:ispell} \begin{enumerate} \item Add Ispell to User Tools: \begin{itemize} \item Open \cmdname{WinShell}, go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{Program Calls} \verb+->+ \textbf{User defined}. \item In the list on the right, click on \textbf{Tool 1} (or \textbf{Tool 2} if you have already used \textbf{Tool 1}) and fill in the fields to the left as follows:\vspace{-6pt} \begin{quote} Name: \verb+Ispell+\\ exe file: \verb+ispell+\\ cmd-line: \verb+ -t -d american %c.tex+\\ Uncheck the boxes for ``LaTeX first'' and ``DVIPS first'' \end{quote}%\vspace{-12pt} \item Click \textbf{OK} \end{itemize} \item Add Ispell to the toolbar: %\vspace{-14pt} \begin{itemize}\itemsep 0pt \item Go to \textbf{Options} \verb+->+ \textbf{View} \verb+->+ \textbf{Customize}. \item In the Category box, select \textbf{User-Programs}. \item Select \textbf{Ispell} and drag it to the toolbar, placing it just to the right of the GSView icon (or the last icon you added). \item You then have a choice of ``Image only'', ``Text only'', or ``Image and Text''. The easiest is to select ``Text only'' and click \textbf{OK}. You should then see \textbf{Ispell} on the toolbar. (If you prefer, you can select ``Image only'', then ``Edit'', and edit the displayed picture to your satisfaction.) \end{itemize} \end{enumerate} Now, when you have a \LaTeX\ document open, you can click on \textbf{Ispell} to perform spell checking. Ispell will open another window and display the first misspelled word on the left with the filename on the right. Below that you will see the context in which the misspelling appears; often several suggestions for replacements are also displayed. To replace the word, enter the number corresponding to the desired replacement. Other possible responses are listed below; for example, you can press the space bar to ignore the misspelled word. For more information on Ispell, read the manual page: \verb+C:\Program Files\TeXLive\texmf\doc\html\manpages\ispell.html+. Note that when you replace a word, you will not see the correction in your \cmdname{WinShell} window until you close the file (click the X in the upper right corner) and then open it again (use the File menu). \subsection{Tips and tricks about the Win32 platform} \subsubsection{Different flavors of Win32} What we call Win32 is not an operating system by itself. It is a set of functions -- and a large one\footnote{Around 12000 functions in the header files of the Microsoft SDK} -- that you can use to write programs for different operating systems of the Windows family. Windows comes in different flavors: \begin{itemize} \item Win95, Win98 and WinME, which \emph{are not true multitasking, multithreading} environments. They are the latest -- and hopefully last -- metamorphosis of DOS. This can be more or less proven by the fact that when booting, the PC will load the \path|command.com| interpreter, and if you stop the boot process at this point, you can ask for the current (DOS) version and it will answer something like 'MS-DOS 7.0' (at least for the old versions of Win9x); \item Windows NT, which is a new operating system written from scratch, capable of true multitasking behaviour, and loaded with high level features; \item Windows 2K, written on an NT basis, with all the bells and whistles of Win98. \item Windows XP, which comes with Personal and Pro flavors. This is the last step in merging both lines of products (Win9x based and NT based). XP is written on an NT basis. \end{itemize} Win9x are able to run 32~bits programs and 16~bits programs concurrently. But the operating system by itself is not entirely written in 32~bits mode, and does not support memory protection: 16bits applications can overwrite parts of the operating system memory! Some parts of the system like the GDI (Graphical Device Interface) manage limited resources like bitmaps, fonts, pens and so on for the set of all programs that run concurrently. All the bitmaps headers available at the same time can't amount for more than 64kb. This explains the performance tool and the fact that you can put your system on his knees by making intensive use of graphic objects for example. NT, 2K and XP do not suffer from these limitations, and neither from other Win9x limitations. They are true multitasking environments, with protected memory. They are much more responsive than Win9x because of better memory management, better file system and so on. \subsubsection{Command line prompt} You will wonder: ``why would I need to use a command line prompt when I have Windows?''. Good question. The problem is of very general nature. Not all operations can be done easily using only a GUI. Command line gives you programming power -- assuming a clever command interpreter. But the problem here is more fundamental: \TeX{} is \emph{a batch} tool. Not an interactive one. \TeX{} needs to compute the best layout for each page, resolve cross-references and so on. This can be done only by a global processing of the document. It is not (yet) a task that can be done interactively. This means that you should use \TeX{} from a command line. In fact the situation is not so bad. There is an advantage to write command line tools for complex processing: they are better debugged, because not tied to GUI problems, and GUI tools can be designed to interface the command line tools. This is the case for \TeX{} where you will interact with it most of the time through a GUI text editor -- see section~\ref{sec:winshell} for example. However, you may need to use the command line prompt in a number of situations, by example in case of problems and you want to debug your setup -- see section~\ref{sec:troubleshooting}. \begin{description} \item[Win9x] You will open a command line prompt by looking either for the MS-DOS icon in the ``Start->Programs'' menu, either by choosing ``Start->Run'' menu and typing in \path|command.com| \item[NT, 2K, XP] You will open a command line prompt by looking for the ``Command Prompt'' in the ``Start->Accessories'' menu\footnote{These locations may change across different OS versions.}. You can also choose the ``Start->Run'' menu and type in \path|cmd.exe|, which is the name of the brand new command interpreter for NT\footnote{Which explains why it is untrue to call this a \emph{DOS} box under NT!}. \end{description} \subsubsection{Path separators} The Win32 API understands both \path|/| and \path|\| characters as PATH separators. But the command interpreters do not! So whenever a path name is used programmatically, you can use both separators, and even mix them up in the same path name. But on the command line, you must type \path|\| as path separator. The reason is compatibility: the command processor used the \path|/| to introduce arguments to commands. All this to say: do not be surprised to read path names written using the Unix convention; \fpTeX{} is a port of \Webc, and aims to be compatible across platforms. For this reason, all the configuration files that need to specify path names use the Unix convention. \subsubsection{File systems} \label{sec:clusters} The worse feature of Win9x with regard to \TeX{} is probably the so-called FAT file system. \TeX{} uses many many small files, with size around 1kb -- 3kb. The FAT file system is old, and predates by far the multi-gigabytes hard disks we have today. It means it can't manage efficiently the 30000 \TeX{} files found on the \CD{}. The FAT file system will allocate a minimum of 32kb for \emph{any} file on a huge partition. It means that \TeX{} will use much more disk space than it actually needs. The other, more modern, file systems available -- namely FAT32 and NTFS -- do not have this drawback. They manage clusters of 4kb only\footnote{You can lower the limit to 512 bytes on NTFS}. \subsubsection{How to add some directory to your PATH} There are pairs of variables and values which behave much like global variables inside your programs. The set of those variables is called the environment. Each program is initialized with a copy of the environment when it is run. It can request and change the value of any variable. The changes happen in the copy of the environment, and is not at all propagated to the other running programs. Your PATH is a special environment variable used to search for programs you want to run. There is a different procedure to change it for Win9x, WinME and NT/2K/XP: \begin{description} \item[Windows 95/98] Edit your \path|autoexec.bat|. In this file should be a line starting with \texttt{PATH=} and followed by a list of directories separated by \path|;|. Please add the directory with the executables in this line. After this, this line could look as follows: \begin{verbatim} PATH=c:\windows;c:\windows\system;c:\"Program Files"\TeXLive\bin\win32 \end{verbatim} \item[Windows ME] You need to run the special program \path|c:\windows\system\msconfig.exe| to be able to change any environment variable. From this program, select the `Environment' tab, and then add or modify the variable you want. You will be asked to reboot the machine upon any change. \item[Windows NT/2K/XP] Click left on \texttt{Start --> Settings --> Control Panel}. Now the window with the control panel icons opens. Double click on System. The System Properties window opens. Click on the tab \textsf{Environment} or look for a button named `Environment Variables' among the dialog boxes. Now you can change the environment variables for your user account. Note: There are also displayed the environment settings for the system. Normally, you can't change the system variables unless you have administrator rights on your machine. If you want to change the \texttt{PATH} for all users, you will have to contact your system administrator or be the system administrator yourself--in the later case you should know what you are doing. If there is already a \texttt{PATH} setting for your user account, left click on \texttt{PATH}. In the field \textsf{Variable} appears \texttt{PATH} while the field Value shows the current setting of \texttt{PATH} as a list of directories separated by \path|;|. Add the directory where the executables are located (e.g. \path|c:\Program Files\TeXLive\bin\win32|). If there isn't a \texttt{PATH} variable for your user account, simply click in the field Variable and type in \texttt{PATH}, click in the field \textsf{Value} and type in the directory with the executables. Important: Click on the \textsf{Apply} button before clicking \textsf{Ok}, otherwise the changes to \texttt{PATH} won't apply to your system. Be careful when changing the environment settings. \end{description} The best way to be sure that a variable has been properly set is to open a console and type: \begin{verbatim} set VARIABLE \end{verbatim} which should return the corresponding value. \subsubsection{\TeX{} engines} If you have a look at the \Webc{} documentation, you will read that all the various \TeX{} derived programs use the same base engine. For example, \path|tex.exe| and \path|latex.exe| are exact copies of the same program, but each one will use a different format file, based on its calling name. Under Unix, this feature is implemented through \emph{symbolic links}. It saves up a bit of disk space, because some engines are used with many different format files. The Win32 API does not know about file links. So to save up almost the same amount of memory, all the \TeX{} base engines have been put in DLLs (\emph{Dynamic Linked Library}). This means that you will have the following layout: \begin{alltt} 13/05/2002 17:06 3 584 latex.exe 13/05/2002 17:06 266 240 tex.dll 13/05/2002 17:06 3 584 tex.exe \end{alltt} and the \path|latex.exe| file is nothing but a rough copy of \path|tex.exe| using the same core \path|tex.dll|. The same trick has been used for the \path|mktex*.exe| family of programs which are linked to the \path|mktex.dll| library. In fact, a generic tool called \path|lnexe.exe| is provided to build the equivalent of Unix hard links for executable files only under Win32. \subsection{In case of problems} \label{sec:troubleshooting} \subsubsection{What to do if \texttt{latex} does not find your files?} \begin{itemize} \item \cmdname{kpsewhich} is the tool of choice to debug any problem. Unfortunately, kpsewhich outputs debug information to stderr, and the Windows console does not know how to redirect stderr to a file\footnote{Well, NT and Win2k consoles know how to do that. But the trick will work for any console.}. For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily set an environment variable (in DOS box): \begin{verbatim} SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log \end{verbatim} You can also set the debug level: \begin{verbatim} SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG=-1 \end{verbatim} If you want to redirect stderr to stdout, which is not possible under either W9x or NT/2K/XP, then just do: \begin{verbatim} SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=con: \end{verbatim} This way you can capture both stdout and stderr in the same file. \item Assuming the installation has been done in \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive|, check the following values: \\ {\small \begin{tabular}{ll} \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $SELFAUTOPARENT| & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\ \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMF| & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf| \\ \path|kpsewhich -expand-path $TEXMFCNF| & \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c;| \\ & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin/win32;| \\ & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/bin;| \\ & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive| \\ \path|kpsewhich -expand-var $TEXINPUTS| & \path|.;c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/tex//| \end{tabular} } \item If you have other \TeX{}-related values already set in your environment, please, remove them. They are overriding the ones in texmf.cnf. \item Check the values from:\\ {\small \begin{tabular}{ll} \texttt{kpsewhich cmr10.tfm} & \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm|\\ \texttt{kpsewhich latex.fmt}& \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf/web2c/latex.fmt| \end{tabular} } \item At this point, if everything is correct, \path|tex.exe| and co. should work. If it is not the case, you will need to play with the \path|-debug=n| option from \path|kpsewhich|, and check back all the values. Try to identify and report the problem. \end{itemize} \subsubsection{What to do if your setup still does not work as expected?} There are several questions to ask about: \begin{enumerate} \item Is \file{tex.exe} on my \path|PATH|? \item Is the \path|TEXMFCNF| variable correctly set to \path|c:/Program Files/TeXLive/texmf-var/web2c| (default value)? \item Are there any errors in the log file generated by the \file{TeXSetup.exe} program? Errors are flagged with the sequence \path|Error|. % \item If everything seems correct up there, then you need to read the % documentation in \path|texmf/doc/fptex/fptex.pdf| or % \path|texmf/doc/html/fptex/fptex.html| for a more detailed procedure % (available on your hard disk or on the \CD{}). \item One can also go to \url{http://www.tug.org/tex-live.html} and check for any bug fix. \item The Windows distribution on the \CD{} is no more no less than the \fpTeX{} distribution, so you can also go to the Web pages at \url{http://www.fptex.org}, or consider subscribing to the \fpTeX{} mailing-list by consulting \url{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex} . \end{enumerate} The \TeXLive{} software is complex and made of more than 250 programs and around 40000 files from various sources. It is quite difficult to predict all possible causes for problems. Nevertheless, we will do our best to help you in every case. \subsection{Compiling the source files} You have the whole set of source files, comprised for Windows in the \path|source/source.tar.bz2| archive available on the \CD{}. To be able to compile the whole distribution for Windows, you will need: \begin{itemize} \item Windows 2K/XP \item Microsoft Visual Studio .Net \item a set of Unix tools (\texttt{sed}, \texttt{grep}, \texttt{gawk}, etc.) and also Perl, Flex and Bison, \item to adjust the paths in the \path|win32/make/common.mak| file according to your installation \item adjust the paths in the Perl script file \path|win32/perl/build.pl|, \item run the compilation from the \path|win32/| directory using this command: \begin{verbatim} c:\texlive\source\win32>perl ./perl/build.pl --install --log=install.log \end{verbatim} \end{itemize} There is a lot of work to do to make this process easier and cleaner. \subsection{Where to get more information?} The Win32 \TeX{} distribution on the \CD{} is also known as \fpTeX. Only the packaging differs, but \fpTeX{} is no more no less than the current \TeXLive\ release for Windows. The \fpTeX home on the Web is at:\\ \url{http://www.fptex.org/} The current \fpTeX release is available from any \href{http://www.ctan.org}{CTAN} %(see also the section %\ref{sec:ctan}) site in the directory~:\\ \noindent\url{ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/systems/win32/fptex/}. The main ftp site for \fpTeX\ is \url{ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/fptex/} from where beta versions of \fpTeX\ and additionnal tools are available. This main site is (partially) mirrored daily by the CTAN backbones in their \path|systems/win32/fptex| directory. % You can reach me at my email address: % \url{mailto:Fabrice.Popineau@supelec.fr}. The \TeX{} Users Group is kindly hosting a mailing-list dedicated to \fpTeX. This is a very low volume one. It is used for announcements, bugs reports or as well to discuss about improvements or various users problems. To subscribe, read the page at \url{http://www.tug.org/mailman/listinfo/fptex}. The mailing list address is \EmailURL{fptex@tug.org}. \section{Building on a new Unix platform} If you have a platform for which we have not provided binary sources, you will need to compile \TeX{} and friends from scratch. This is not as hard as it sounds. What you need is all in the directory \texttt{source} on the \CD{}. You should first install the support tree from the \TeXLive{} \CD{} (do a basic install, with no system binaries chosen). \subsection{Prerequisites} You will need about 100 megabytes of disk space to compile all of \TeX{} and its support programs. You'll also need an \acro{ANSI} C compiler, a \cmdname{make} utility, a lexical scanner, and a parser generator. The \acro{GNU} utilities (\cmdname{gcc}, \acro{GNU} \cmdname{make}, \cmdname{m4}, \cmdname{flex}, \cmdname{bison}) are the most widely tested on different platforms. \cmdname{gcc}-2.7.* \cmdname{flex}-2.4.7 and \acro{GNU}\,\cmdname{make}-3.72.1 or newer should work well. You may be able to work with other C compilers and \cmdname{make} programs, but you will need a good understanding of building Unix programs to sort out problems. The command \texttt{uname} must return a sensible value. \subsection{Configuration} First, unpack the source from the compressed \texttt{tar} file in the directory \dirname{source} to your disk and change directory to where you placed it. Decide where the `root' of the installation will be, e.g.\ \path|/usr/local| or \path|/usr/local/TeX|. Obviously you should use the same location that you specified when you installed the support tree. Now, start the build process by running \textsf{configure} with a command-line like \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{./configure -prefix=/usr/local/TeX} \end{alltt} The `prefix' directory is the one where you installed the support tree; the directory layout that will be used is as follows (where \$TEXDIR stands for the directory you chose): \noindent \begin{tabular}{>{\ttfamily}ll@{}} \dirname{$TEXDIR/man} & Unix manual pages\\ \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf} & main tree with fonts,\\ & \qquad macros, etc\\ \dirname{$TEXDIR/info} & \acro{GNU} style info manuals\\ \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin/$PLATFORM} & binaries\\ \end{tabular} %$ You can omit the use of `\dirname{share/}' part for the \dirname{texmf} directory if you want, as \dirname{$TEXDIR/share/texmf} and \dirname{$TEXDIR/texmf} are auto-detected by configure. If you choose something different, you have to specify that directory with the \verb|--datadir| option of \textsf{configure}. If you want to leave out the \dirname{$PLATFORM} directory level (i.e.\ put the binaries directly into \dirname{$TEXDIR/bin}), specify the \verb|--disable-multiplatform| option for \textsf{configure}. Have a look at the output of \texttt{./configure --help} for more options you can use (such as omitting optional packages such as \OMEGA\ or \eTeX). \subsection{Running \textsf{make}} Make sure the shell variable \texttt{noclobber} is not set, and then type \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{make world} \end{alltt} and relax\ldots. It could also be useful to log all the output, e.g.\ by typing \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{sh -c "make world >world.log 2>\&1" \&} \end{alltt} Before you think that everything is ok, please check the log file for errors (\acro{GNU} \cmdname{make} always uses the string ``\texttt{Error:}'' whenever a command returns an error code) and check if all binaries are built: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{cd /usr/local/TeX/bin/i686-pc-linux-gnu} >> \Ucom{ls | wc} \end{alltt} The result should be 209. If you need special privileges for \texttt{make install}, you can run two \cmdname{make} jobs in separate runs: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{make all} >> \Ucom{su} >> \Ucom{make install strip} \end{alltt} \subsection{Final configuration steps} Set up your \envname{PATH} to include the directory containing the just-installed binaries (e.g.\ \dirname{/usr/local/TeX/bin/mips-sgi-irix6.5}); similarly, \envname{MANPATH} and \envname{INFOPATH} to include the relevant newly installed subdirectories, i.e.\ \dirname{$TEXDIR/man} and \dirname{$TEXDIR/info}. The program \textsf{texconfig} allows you to set the defaults for hyphenation, paper size, print command, \MF{} mode, etc. You can run this command interactively and see what options it offers, or type \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{texconfig help} \end{alltt} For example, if you are not using A4 format paper, you can make `lettersize' the default using: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{texconfig dvips paper letter} >> \Ucom{texconfig xdvi paper us} \end{alltt} \section{A user's guide to the \protect\Webc{} system} %-------------------------------------------------------- \Webc{} contains a set of \TeX-related programs, i.e., \TeX{} itself, \MF{}, \MP, \BibTeX{}, etc. The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first \TeX{}-to-C system adapting change files under Unix, which were primarily the work of Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C\@. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber. The latest result is \Webc{} Version 7.3, which was released in March 1999. Our version has some updates for the forthcoming new release, and identifies itself as 7.3.7 The \Webc{} 7.3 system runs on Unix, Windows 3.1, 9x/ME/\acro{NT}/\acro{2K}/\acro{XP}, \acro{DOS}, and other operating systems. It uses Knuth's original sources for \TeX{} and other basic programs written in \web{} and translates them into C source code. Moreover, the system offers a large set of macros and functions developed to augment the original \TeX{} software. The core \TeX{} family components are: \begin{description} \renewcommand{\makelabel}[1]{\descriptionlabel{\mdseries\cmdname{#1}}} \item[bibtex] Maintaining bibliographies. \item[dmp] \cmdname{troff} to MPX (\MP{} pictures). \item[dvicopy] Produces modified copy of \dvi{} file. \item[dvitomp] \dvi{} to MPX (MetaPost pictures). \item[dvitype] \dvi{} to human-readable text. \item[gftodvi] Generic font proofsheets. \item[gftopk] Generic to packed fonts. \item[gftype] GF to human-readable text. \item[makempx] \MP{} label typesetting. \item[mf] Creating typeface families. \item[mft] Prettyprinting \MF{} source. \item[mpost] Creating technical diagrams. \item[mpto] MetaPost label extraction. \item[newer] Compare modification times. \item[patgen] Creating hyphenation patterns. \item[pktogf] Packed to generic fonts. \item[pktype] PK to human-readable text. \item[pltotf] Property list to TFM. \item[pooltype] Display \web{} pool files. \item[tangle] \web{} to Pascal. \item[tex] Typesetting. \item[tftopl] TFM to property list. \item[vftovp] Virtual font to virtual property list \item[vptovf] Virtual property list to virtual font. \item[weave] \web{} to \TeX. \end{description} \noindent The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual packages or of \Webc{} itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will help you to benefit optimally from your \Webc{} installation. All programs honor the standard \acro{GNU} options: \begin{description} \item[\texttt{-{}-help\ \ \ }] print basic usage summary. \item[\texttt{-{}-verbose}] print detailed progress report. \item[\texttt{-{}-version}] print version information, then exit. \end{description} For locating files the \Webc{} programs use the path searching library \KPS{}. This library uses a combination of environment variables and a few configuration files to optimize searching the \TeX{} directory tree. \Webc{} can handle more than one directory tree simultaneously, which is useful if one wants to maintain \TeX's standard distribution and local extensions in two distinct trees. To speed up file searches the root of each tree has a file \file{ls-R}, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files ``hanging'' under that root. \subsection{\protect\KPS\ path searching} Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the \KPS{} library. We call a \emph{search path} a colon- or semicolon\hyph sepa\-rated list of \emph{path elements}, which are basically directory names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file \samp{my-file} along a path \samp{.:/dir}, \KPS{} checks each element of the path in turn: first \file{./my-file}, then \file{/dir/my-file}, returning the first match (or possibly all matches). In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems' conventions, on non-Unix systems \KPS{} can use filename separators different from ``colon'' (\samp{:}) and ``slash'' (\samp{/}). To check a particular path element \var{p}, \KPS{} first checks if a prebuilt database (see ``Filename data\-base'' on page~\pageref{Filename-database}) applies to \var{p}, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of \var{p}. If so, the path specification is matched against the contents of the database. If the database does not exist, or does not apply to this path element, or contains no matches, the filesystem is searched (if this was not forbidden by a specification starting with \samp{!!}\ and if the file being searched for must exist). \KPS{} constructs the list of directories that correspond to this path element, and then checks in each for the file being sought. The ``file must exist'' condition comes into play with \samp{.vf} files and input files read by \TeX's \cs{openin} command. Such files may not exist (e.g., \file{cmr10.vf}), and so it would be wrong to search the disk for them. Therefore, if you fail to update \file{ls-R} when you install a new \samp{.vf} file, it will never be found. Each path element is checked in turn: first the database, then the disk. If a match is found, the search stops and the result is returned. Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, \KPS{} supports additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users' home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that \KPS{} \emph{expands} a path element, meaning it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following sections in the same order as it takes place. Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with \samp{/} or \samp{./} or \samp{../}, \KPS{} simply checks if that file exists. \ifSingleColumn \else \begin{figure*} \verbatiminput{../examples/ex5.tex} \setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{0pt} \caption{An illustrative configuration file sample} \label{fig:config-sample} \end{figure*} \fi \subsubsection{Path sources} \label{Path-sources} A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which \KPS{} uses them: \begin{enumerate} \item A user-set environment variable, for instance, \envname{TEXINPUTS}\@. Environment variables with a period and a program name appended override; e.g., if \samp{latex} is the name of the program being run, then \envname{TEXINPUTS.latex} will override \envname{TEXINPUTS}. \item A program-specific configuration file, for exam\-ple, a line ``\texttt{S /a:/b}'' in \cmdname{dvips}'s \file{config.ps}. \item A \KPS{} configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}, containing a line like \samp{TEXINPUTS=/c:/d} (see below). \item The compile-time default. \end{enumerate} \noindent You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see ``Debugging actions'' on page~\pageref{Debugging}). \subsubsection{Config files} \tolerance=3500 \KPS{} reads \emph{runtime configuration files} named \file{texmf.cnf} for search path and other definitions. The search path used to look for these files is named \envname{TEXMFCNF} (by default such a file lives in the \file{texmf/web2c} subdirectory). \emph{All} \file{texmf.cnf} files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later files. Thus, with a search path of \verb|.:$TEXMF|, values from \file{./texmf.cnf} override those from \verb|$TEXMF/texmf.cnf|. \tolerance=1500 While reading the description of the format of the file \file{texmf.cnf} below, please also refer to appendix~\ref{app:texmf.cnf}, starting on page~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf}, which lists the \file{texmf.cnf} file on the \CD. \begin{itemize} \item Comments start with ``\texttt{\%}'' and continue to the end of the line. \item Blank lines are ignored. \item A \bs{} at the end of a line acts as a continuation character, i.e., the next line is appended. Whitespace at the beginning of continuation lines is not ignored. \item Each remaining line has the form: \begin{alltt} \emph{variable}[.\emph{progname}] [=] \emph{value} \end{alltt}% where the \samp{=} and surrounding whitespace are optional. \item The ``\texttt{\var{variable}}'' name may contain any character other than whitespace, \samp{=}, or \samp{.}, but sticking to \samp{A-Za-z\_} is safest. \item If ``\texttt{.\var{progname}}'' is present, the definition only applies if the program that is running is named \texttt{\var{progname}} or \texttt{\var{progname}.exe}. This allows different flavors of \TeX{} to have different search paths, for example. \item ``\texttt{\var{value}}'' may contain any characters except ``\texttt{\%}'' and \samp{@}. The ``\texttt{\$\var{var}.\var{prog}}'' feature is not available on the right-hand side; instead, you must use an additional variable. A \samp{;}\ in ``\texttt{\var{value}}'' is translated to \samp{:}\ if running under Unix; this is useful to be able to have a single \file{texmf.cnf} for Unix, MSDOS and Windows systems. \item All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are defined. \end{itemize} A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is \ifSingleColumn shown below: \verbatiminput{../examples/ex5.tex} \else shown in Figure~\ref{fig:config-sample}. \fi \subsubsection{Path expansion} \label{Path-expansion} \KPS{} recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells. As a general example, the complex path, \verb+~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz+, expands to all subdirectories under directories \file{foo} and \file{bar} in \texttt{\$USER}'s home directory that contain a directory or file \file{baz}. These expansions are explained in the sections below. %$ \subsubsection{Default expansion} \label{Default-expansion} \tolerance=2500 If the highest-priority search path (see ``Path sources'' on page~\pageref{Path-sources}) contains an \emph{extra colon} (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), \KPS{} inserts at that point the next-highest-prio\-rity search path that is defined. If that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an environment variable setting \tolerance=1500 \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{setenv TEXINPUTS /home/karl:} \end{alltt} and a \code{TEXINPUTS} value from \file{texmf.cnf} of \begin{alltt} .:\$TEXMF//tex \end{alltt} then the final value used for searching will be: \begin{alltt} /home/karl:.:\$TEXMF//tex \end{alltt} Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, \KPS{} changes only one extra \samp{:}\ and leaves any others in place: it checks first for a leading \samp{:}, then a trailing \samp{:}, then a doubled \samp{:}. \subsubsection{Brace expansion} A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, \verb+v{a,b}w+ expands to \verb+vaw:vbw+. Nesting is allowed. This can be used to implement multiple \TeX{} hierarchies, by assigning a brace list to \code{\$TEXMF}. For example, in \file{texmf.cnf}, you find the following definition: \begin{verbatim} TEXMF = {$HOMETEXMF,$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$VARTEXMF,!!$TEXMFMAIN} \end{verbatim} Using this you can then write something like \begin{verbatim} TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex// \end{verbatim} %$ which means that, after looking in the current directory, the \code{\$HOMETEXMF/tex}, \code{\$TEXMFLOCAL/tex}, \code{\$VARTEXMF/tex} and \code{\$TEXMFMAIN/tex} trees \emph{only}) will be searched (the last two use using \file{ls-R} data base files). It is a convenient way for running two parallel \TeX{} structures, one ``frozen'' (on a \CD, for instance) and the other being continuously updated with new versions as they become available. By using the \code{\$TEXMF} variable in all definitions, one is sure to always search the up-to-date tree first. \subsubsection{Subdirectory expansion} \label{Subdirectory-expansion} Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory \var{d} is replaced by all subdirectories of \var{d}: first those subdirectories directly under \var{d}, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is \emph{unspecified}. If you specify any filename components after the \samp{//}, only subdirectories with matching components are included. For example, \samp{/a//b} expands into directories \file{/a/1/b}, \file{/a/2/b}, \file{/a/1/1/b}, and so on, but not \file{/a/b/c} or \file{/a/1}. Multiple \samp{//} constructs in a path are possible, but \samp{//} at the beginning of a path is ignored. \subsubsection{List of special characters and their meaning: a summary} The following list summarises the meaning of special characters in \KPS{} configuration files. \newcommand{\CODE}[1]{\makebox[2.2em][l]{\code{#1}}} \begin{description} \item[\CODE{:}] Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path it substitutes the default path expansion. \item[\CODE{;}] Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like \code{:}). \item[\CODE{\$}] Variable expansion. \item[\CODE{\string~}] Represents the user's home directory. \item[\CODE{\char`\{\dots\char`\}}] Brace expansion, e.g., \verb+a{1,2}b+ will become \verb+a1b:a2b+. \item[\CODE{//}] Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning). \item[\CODE{\%}] Start of comment. \item[\CODE{\bs}] Continuation character (allows multi-line entries). \item[\CODE{!!}] Search \emph{only} database to locate file, \emph{do not} search the disk. \end{description} \subsection{Filename databases} \label{Filename-database} \KPS{} goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, at installations with enough directories, searching each possible directory for a given file can take an excessively long time (this is especially true if many hundreds of font directories have to be traversed.) Therefore, \KPS{} can use an externally-built ``database'' file named \file{ls-R} that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk. A second database file \file{aliases} allows you to give additional names to the files listed in \file{ls-R}. This can be helpful to adapt to DOS-like ``8.3'' filename conventions in source files. \subsubsection{The filename database} \label{ls-R} As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be \file{ls-R}. You can put one at the root of each \TeX{} hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched (\code{\$TEXMF} by default); most sites have only one hierarchy. \KPS{} looks for \file{ls-R} files along the \code{TEXMFDBS} path. The recommended way to create and maintain \samp{ls-R} is to run the \code{mktexlsr} script included with the distribution. It is invoked by the various \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts. In principle, this script just runs the command \begin{alltt} cd \var{/your/texmf/root} && ls -LAR ./ >ls-R \end{alltt} presuming your system's \code{ls} produces the right output format (\acro{GNU}'s \code{ls} is all right). To ensure that the database is always up to date, it is easiest to rebuild it regularly via \code{cron}, so that for changes in the installed files\Dash perhaps after installing or updating a \LaTeX{} package\Dash the file \file{ls-R} is automatically updated. If a file is not found in the database, by default \KPS{} goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with \samp{!!}, however, \emph{only} the database will be searched for that element, never the disk. \subsubsection{kpsewhich: Standalone path searching} \label{Invoking-kpsewhich} The \texttt{kpsewhich} program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful as a sort of \code{find} program to locate files in \TeX{} hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed \samp{mktex}\dots\ scripts). \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich \var{option}\dots{} \var{filename}\dots{}} \end{alltt} The options specified in ``\texttt{\var{option}}'' can start with either \samp{-} or \samp{-{}-}, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted. \KPS{} looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix \samp{find} utility for that). The more important options are described next. \begin{description} \item[\texttt{-{}-dpi=\var{num}}]\mbox{} Set the resolution to ``\texttt{\var{num}}''; this only affects \samp{gf} and \samp{pk} lookups. \samp{-D} is a synonym, for compatibility with \cmdname{dvips}. Default is 600. \item[\texttt{-{}-format=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\ Set the format for lookup to ``\texttt{\var{name}}''. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as \MP{} support files and \cmdname{dvips} configuration files, you have to specify the name as found in the first column of Table~\ref{TABKpathsea}, which lists currently recognized names, a description, associated environment variables%, \footnote{You can find definitions for these environment variables in the file \file{texmf.cnf} (page~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf})}, and possible file extensions. \end{description} \def\KpathKey#1#2#3#4#5{% name, number, description, variables, % suffixes \SetRowColor#1 & #3 & #4 & #5\\} \def\HEAD#1{\multicolumn{1}{l}{\emph{#1}}} % \begin{small} % a footnoterule immediately under a bottom-of-page rule looks dead % silly, so we suppress it \renewcommand\footnoterule{\relax} % \begin{longtable}{@{}% >{\ttfamily}P{.16\textwidth}% Col.1 P{.3\textwidth}% Col 2 >{\ttfamily\footnotesize}P{.29\textwidth}% Col 3 >{\ttfamily}P{.14\textwidth}% Col 4 @{}} \caption{Kpathsea file types}\label{TABKpathsea}\\ \emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables} & \HEAD{Suffixes}\\ \hline \endfirsthead \multicolumn{3}{l}{Kpathsea file types \emph{continued}}\\ \emph{Name} & \HEAD{Description} & \HEAD{Variables} & \HEAD{Suffixes}\\ \hline \noalign{\vspace{2pt}} \endhead \mbox{}\\ \hline \endfoot \KpathKey {afm} {4} {Adobe font metrics} {AFMFONTS} {.afm} \KpathKey {base} {5} {Metafont memory dump} {MFBASES, TEXMFINI} {.base} \KpathKey {bib} {6} {\BibTeX{} bibliography source} {BIBINPUTS, TEXBIB} {.bib} \KpathKey {} {2} {bitmap fonts} {GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS} {} \KpathKey {bst} {7} {\BibTeX{} style files} {BSTINPUTS} {.bst} \KpathKey {cnf} {8} {Runtime configuration files} {TEXMFCNF} {.cnf} \KpathKey {dvips config} {34} {\textsf{dvips} configuration files, e.g., \file{config.ps} and \file{psfonts.map}} {TEXCONFIG} {.map} \KpathKey {fmt} {10} {\TeX{} memory dump} {TEXFORMATS, TEXMFINI} {.fmt, .efmt, .efm} \KpathKey {gf} {0} {generic font bitmap} {GFFONTS} {.gf} \KpathKey {graphic/figure} {25} {Encapsulated PostScript figures} {TEXPICTS, TEXINPUTS} {.eps, .epsi} \KpathKey {ist} {35} {\textsf{makeindex} style files} {TEXINDEXSTYLE, INDEXSTYLE} {.ist} \KpathKey {ls-R} {9} {Filename databases} {TEXMFDBS} {} \KpathKey {map} {11} {Fontmaps} {TEXFONTMAPS} {.map} \KpathKey {mem} {12} {MetaPost memory dump} {MPMEMS, TEXMFINI} {.mem} \KpathKey {mf} {13} {Metafont source} {MFINPUTS} {.mf} \KpathKey {mfpool} {14} {Metafont program strings} {MFPOOL, TEXMFINI} {.pool} \KpathKey {mft} {15} {MFT style file} {MFTINPUTS} {.mft} \KpathKey {} {41} {miscellaneous fonts} {MISCFONTS} {} \KpathKey {mp} {16} {MetaPost source} {MPINPUTS} {.mp} \KpathKey {mppool} {17} {MetaPost program strings} {MPPOOL, TEXMFINI} {.pool} \KpathKey {MetaPost support} {18} {MetaPost support files, used by DMP} {MPSUPPORT} {} \KpathKey {ocp} {19} {\OMEGA{} compiled process files} {OCPINPUTS} {.ocp} \KpathKey {ofm} {20} {\OMEGA{} font metrics} {OFMFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.ofm, .tfm} \KpathKey {opl} {21} {\OMEGA{} property lists} {OPLFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.opl} \KpathKey {otp} {22} {\OMEGA{} translation process files} {OTPINPUTS} {.otp} \KpathKey {ovf} {23} {\OMEGA{} virtual fonts} {OVFFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.ovf} \KpathKey {ovp} {24} {\OMEGA{} virtual property lists} {OVPFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.ovp} \KpathKey {pk} {1} {packed bitmap fonts} {\emph{program}FONTS \textrm{(\texttt{\emph{program}} being \textsmaller{\cmdname{XDVI}}, etc.)}, PKFONTS, TEXPKS, GLYPHFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.pk} \KpathKey {PostScript header} {30} {downloadable PostScript} {TEXPSHEADERS, PSHEADERS} {.pro, .enc} \KpathKey {tex} {26} {\TeX{} source} {TEXINPUTS} {.tex, .cls, .sty, .clo, .def} \KpathKey {TeX system documentation} {27} {Documentation files for the \TeX{} system} {TEXDOCS} {} \KpathKey {TeX system sources} {29} {Source files for the \TeX{} system} {TEXSOURCES} {} \KpathKey {texpool} {28} {\TeX{} program strings} {TEXPOOL, TEXMFINI} {.pool} \KpathKey {tfm} {3} {\TeX{} font metrics} {TFMFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.tfm} \KpathKey {Troff fonts} {31} {Troff fonts, used by DMP} {TRFONTS} {} \KpathKey {truetype fonts} {36} {TrueType outline fonts} {TTFONTS} {.ttf, .ttc} \KpathKey {type1 fonts} {32} {Type 1 PostScript outline fonts} {T1FONTS, T1INPUTS, TEXPSHEADERS, DVIPSHEADERS} {.pfa, .pfb} \KpathKey {type42 fonts} {37} {Type 42 PostScript outline fonts} {T42FONTS} {} \KpathKey {vf} {33} {virtual fonts} {VFFONTS, TEXFONTS} {.vf} \KpathKey {web2c files} {38} {\Webc{} support files} {WEB2C} {} \KpathKey {other text files} {39} {text files used by `\textsf{foo}'} {FOOINPUTS} {} \KpathKey {other binary files} {40} {binary files used by `\textsf{foo}'} {FOOINPUTS} {} \end{longtable} \end{small} \begin{multicols}{2} \begin{description} \item[] The last two entries in Table~\ref{TABKpathsea} are special cases, where the paths and environment variables depend on the name of the program: the variable name is constructed by converting the program name to upper case, and then appending \texttt{INPUTS}. The environment variables are set by default in the configuration file \file{texmf.cnf}. It is only when you want to override one or more of the values specified in that file that you might want to set them explicitly in your execution environment. Note that the \samp{-{}-format} and \samp{-{}-path} options are mutually exclusive. \item[\texttt{-{}-mode=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\ Set the mode name to ``\texttt{\var{string}}''; this only affects \samp{gf} and \samp{pk} lookups. No default: any mode will be found. \item[\texttt{-{}-must-exist}]\mbox{}\\ Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the \file{ls-R} database is checked, in the interest of efficiency. \item[\texttt{-{}-path=\var{string}}]\mbox{}\\ Search along the path ``\texttt{\var{string}}'' (colon-% separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from the filename. \samp{//} and all the usual expansions are supported. The options \samp{-{}-path} and \samp{-{}-format} are mutually exclusive. \item[\texttt{-{}-progname=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\ Set the program name to ``\texttt{\var{name}}''. This can affect the search paths via the ``\texttt{.\var{prognam}}'' feature in configuration files. The default is \samp{kpsewhich}. \item[\texttt{-{}-show-path=\var{name}}]\mbox{}\\ shows the path used for file lookups of file type ``\texttt{\var{name}}''. Either a filename extension (\samp{.pk}, \samp{.vf}, etc.) or a name can be used, just as with \samp{-{}-format} option. \item[\texttt{-{}-debug=\var{num}}]\mbox{}\\ sets the debugging options to ``\texttt{\var{num}}''. \end{description} \subsubsection{Examples of use} \label{SExamplesofuse} Let us now have a look at \KPS{} in action. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich article.cls} /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/article.cls \end{alltt} We are looking for the file \file{article.cls}. Since the \samp{.cls} suffix is unambiguous we do not need to specify that we want to look for a file of type ``tex'' (\TeX{} source file directories). We find it in the subdirectory \file{tex/latex/base} below the \samp{TEXMF} root directory. Similarly, all of the following are found without problems thanks to their unambiguous suffix. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich array.sty} /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/tools/array.sty >> \Ucom{kpsewhich latin1.def} /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/latin1.def >> \Ucom{kpsewhich size10.clo} /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/size10.clo >> \Ucom{kpsewhich small2e.tex} /usr/local/texmf/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex >> \Ucom{kpsewhich tugboat.bib} /usr/local/texmf/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib \end{alltt} The latter is a \BibTeX{} bibliography database for \textsl{TUGBoat} articles. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich cmr10.pk} \end{alltt} Font bitmap glyph files of type \file{.pk} are used by display programs like \cmdname{dvips} and \cmdname{xdvi}. Nothing is returned in this case since there are no pre-generated Computer Modern \samp{.pk} files on our system (since we use the Type1 versions on the \CD{}). \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich ecrm1000.pk} \ifSingleColumn /usr/local/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/ec/ecrm1000.600pk \else /usr/local/texmf/fonts/pk/ljfour/jknappen/ ... ec/ecrm1000.600pk \fi\end{alltt} For the extended Computer Modern files we had to generate \samp{.pk} files, and since the default \MF{} mode on our installation is \texttt{ljfour} with a base resolution of 600 dpi (dots per inch), this instantiation is returned. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich -dpi=300 ecrm1000.pk} \end{alltt} In this case, when specifying that we are interested in a resolution of 300dpi (\texttt{-dpi=300}) we see that no such font is available on the system. In fact, a program like \cmdname{dvips} or \cmdname{xdvi} would go off and actually build the \texttt{.pk} files at the required resolution using the script \cmdname{mktexpk}. Next we turn our attention to \cmdname{dvips}'s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general prolog \file{tex.pro} for \TeX{} support, before turning our attention to the generic configuration file (\file{config.ps}) and the PostScript font map \file{psfonts.map}. As the \samp{.ps} suffix is ambiguous we have to specify explicitly which type we are considering (``\texttt{dvips config}'') for the file \texttt{config.ps}. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich tex.pro} /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/tex.pro >> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.ps} /usr/local/texmf/config/config.ps >> \Ucom{kpsewhich psfonts.map} /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/psfonts.map \end{alltt} We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The name for these in Berry's font naming scheme is ``\texttt{utm}''. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the map file: \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" config.utm} /usr/local/texmf/dvips/psnfss/config.utm \end{alltt} The contents of that file is \begin{alltt} p +utm.map \end{alltt} which points to the file \file{utm.map}, which we want to locate next. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{kpsewhich --format="dvips config" utm.map} /usr/local/texmf/dvips/psnfss/utm.map \end{alltt} This map file defines the file names of the Type1 PostScript fonts in the URW collection. Its contents look like (we only show part of the lines): \begin{alltt} utmb8r NimbusRomNo9L-Medi ... > \Ucom{kpsewhich utmr8a.pfb} \ifSingleColumn /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb \else /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/ ... urw/utm/utmr8a.pfb \fi\end{alltt} It should be evident from these few examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since \cmdname{kpsewhich} will show you the first file encountered. \subsubsection{Debugging actions} \label{Debugging} Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this feasible in a convenient way \KPS{} offers various debug levels: \begin{itemize} \item[\texttt{\ 1}] \texttt{stat} calls (file tests). When running with an up-to-date \file{ls-R} database this should almost give no output. \item[\texttt{\ 2}] References to hash tables (like \file{ls-R} database, map files, configuration files). \item[\texttt{\ 4}] File open and close operations. \item[\texttt{\ 8}] General path information for file types searched by \KPS. This is useful to find out where a particular path for the file was defined. \item[\texttt{16}] Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk). \item[\texttt{32}] File searches. \end{itemize} A value of \texttt{-1} will set all the above options; in practice you will probably always use these levels if you need any debugging. Similarly, with the \cmdname{dvips} program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the problem~is. Generally speaking, as most programs call the \KPS{} library internally, one can select a debug option by using the \envname{KPATHSEA\_DEBUG} environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the above list. (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily \texttt{SET KPATHSEA\_DEBUG\_OUTPUT=err.log}). Let us consider, as an example, a small \LaTeX{} source file, \file{hello-world.tex}, which contains the following input. \begin{verbatim} \documentclass{article} \begin{document} Hello World! \end{document} \end{verbatim} This little file only uses the font \file{cmr10}, so let us look how \cmdname{dvips} prepares the PostScript file (we want to use the Type1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option \texttt{-Pcms}). \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{dvips -d4100 hello-world -Pcms -o} \end{alltt} In this case we have combined \cmdname{dvips}'s debug class 4 (font paths) with \KPS's path element expansion (see \cmdname{dvips} Reference Manual, \OnCD{texmf/doc/html/dvips/dvips_toc.html}). %\ifSingleColumn %We get something %like the following (we have rearranged the output for easier display): %\begin{alltt}\small %\input{../examples/ex6.tex} %\end{alltt} %\else The output (slightly rearranged) appears in Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbga}. \begin{figure*}[tp] \centering \input{../examples/ex6a.tex} \caption{Finding configuration files}\label{fig:dvipsdbga} \bigskip \input{../examples/ex6b.tex} \caption{Finding the prolog file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgb} \bigskip \input{../examples/ex6c.tex} \caption{Finding the font file}\label{fig:dvipsdbgc} \end{figure*} \cmdname{dvips} starts by locating its working files. First, \file{texmf.cnf} is found, which gives the definitions of the search paths for the other files, then the file database \file{ls-R} (to optimize file searching) and the file \file{aliases}, which makes it possible to declare several names (e.g., a short \acro{DOS}-like ``8.3'' and a more natural longer version) for the same file. Then \cmdname{dvips} goes on to find the generic configuration file \file{config.ps} before looking for the customization file \file{.dvipsrc} (which, in this case is \emph{not found}). Finally, \cmdname{dvips} locates the config file for the Computer Modern PostScript fonts \file{config.cms} (this was initiated with the \texttt{-Pcms} option on the \cmdname{dvips} command). This file contains the list of the ``map'' files which define the relation between the \TeX{}, PostScript and file system names of the fonts. \begin{alltt} >> \Ucom{more /usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms} p +ams.map p +cms.map p +cmbkm.map p +amsbkm.map \end{alltt} \cmdname{dvips} thus goes on to find all these files, plus the generic map file \file{psfonts.map}, which is always loaded (it contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of Section \ref{SExamplesofuse} for more details about PostScript map file handling). At this point \cmdname{dvips} identifies itself to the user\ldots \begin{alltt}\ifSingleColumn This is dvips 5.78 Copyright 1998 Radical Eye Software (www.radicaleye.com) \else\small{}This is dvips 5.78 Copyright 1998 Radical Eye... \fi\end{alltt}% decided to accept slight overrun in tub case \ifSingleColumn \ldots and then goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro}, \begin{alltt}\small kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//: ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//). kdebug:search(texc.pro) => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro \end{alltt} \else then goes on to look for the prolog file \file{texc.pro} (see Figure~\ref{fig:dvipsdbgb}). \fi After having found the file in question, \cmdname{dvips} outputs date and time, and informs us that it will generate the file \file{hello-world.ps}, then that it needs the font file \file{cmr10}, and that the latter is declared as ``resident'': \begin{alltt}\small TeX output 1998.02.26:1204' -> hello-world.ps Defining font () cmr10 at 10.0pt Font cmr10 is resident. \end{alltt} Now the search is on for the file \file{cmr10.tfm}, which is found, then a few more prolog files (not shown) are referenced, and finally the Type1 instance \file{cmr10.pfb} of the font is located and included in the output file (see last line). \begin{alltt}\small kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm, must\_exist=1, find\_all=0, path=.:~/tex/fonts/tfm//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm//: /var/tex/fonts/tfm//). kdebug:search(cmr10.tfm) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmr10.tfm kdebug:start search(file=texps.pro, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, ... kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.pfb, must\_exist=0, find\_all=0, path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//: ~/tex/fonts/type1//:!!/usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1//). kdebug:search(cmr10.pfb) => /usr/local/texmf/fonts/type1/public/cm/cmr10.pfb [1] \end{alltt} \subsection{Runtime options} Another of the nice features of \Webc{} is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file \file{texmf.cnf} read by \KPS{}. The listing of \file{texmf.cnf} is shown in Appendix~\ref{app:texmf.cnf}, starting on page~\pageref{app:texmf.cnf}; the settings of all parameters can be found in Part 3 of that file. The more important control variables are: \begin{description} \item[\texttt{main\_memory}] Total words of memory available, for \TeX{}, \MF{} and \MP. You must make a new format file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a ``huge'' version of \TeX{}, and call the format file \texttt{hugetex.fmt}. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by \KPS{}, the particular value of the \texttt{main\_memory} variable will then be read from \file{texmf.cnf} (compare the generic value and the ``huge'' one instantiated by \texttt{hugetex}, etc.). \item[\texttt{extra\_mem\_bot}] Extra space for ``large'' \TeX{} data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you use \PiCTeX{}. \item[\texttt{font\_mem\_size}] Number of words for font information available for \TeX. This is more or less the total size of all TFM files read. \item[\texttt{hash\_extra}] Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Approximately 10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references, this might not be enough. You can see that both the \cmdname{hugetex} and \cmdname{pdflatex} program invocations ask for an extra 15,000 control sequences (the default value of \texttt{hash\_extra} is zero). \end{description} Of course, this facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since this is extremely difficult to implement in present \TeX, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise allowing some flexibility. %-------------------------------------------------------- \section{Acknowledgements}\label{sec:acknowl} This edition of TeXLive is edited by Sebastian Rahtz, with the major contributors being Fabrice Popineau, who has worked away unceasingly at the Win32 part of the package (especially the setup!) and contributed in many different ways with ideas, advice and code; and Staszek Wawrykiewicz, who provided great checking feedback, and co-ordinated the Polish contributions. Kaja Christiansen performed a vital role in endless recompilations on assorted Unix platforms, and Robin Laakso coordinated production for TUG. Vladimir Volovich did great work on cleaning the source and making other improvements, while Gerben Wierda did all the work for MacOSX. We are very grateful for past and present help from \begin{itemize} \item The German-speaking \TeX{} Users (DANTE e.V.), who provided a machine on which the master of the CD-ROM is developed and maintained; and Rainer Sch\"opf and Reinhard Zierke who look after it; \item The Perforce company, for providing a free copy of their excellent change management system, which we have used to manage the CD-ROM contents; \item Karl Berry, who provided the original \Webc{} distribution, and has continued to give invaluable advice, encouragement, and help; \item Mimi Burbank, who arranged access at the Florida State University School of Computational Science and Information Technology to a slew of different computers to compile \TeX{} on, and acted as an essential guinea-pig whenever asked; \item Kaja Christiansen, who provided essential feedback, compilation, and documentation preparation; \item Thomas Esser, without whose marvellous \teTeX{} package this \CD{} would certainly not exist, and whose continual help makes it a better product; \item Michel Goossens, who co-authored the documentation; \item Eitan Gurari, whose \TeX4ht was used to create the \HTML{} version of this documentation, and who worked tirelessly to improve it at short notice; \item Art Ogawa and Pat Monohon, who coordinated releases for TUG; \item Petr Olsak, who coordinated and checked all the Czech/Slovak material very carefully; \item Olaf Weber, for his patient assembly and maintenance of Web2c; \item Graham Williams, on whose work the catalogue of packages depends. \end{itemize} Gerhard Wilhelms, Volker Schaa, Fabrice Popineau, Janka Chleb\'\i{}kov\'a, Staszek Wawrykiewicz, Erik Frambach, and Ulrik Vieth kindly translated documentation at various times into their respective languages, checked other documentation, and provided very welcome feedback. \section{History} This \CD{} distribution is a joint effort by many \TeX{} Users Groups, including those from Germany, the Netherlands, the UK, France, the Czech Republic/Slovakia, India, Poland and Russia, as well as the international TUG. Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch \TeX{} Users Group was starting work on its 4All\TeX{} \CD{} for \acro{MS-DOS} users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, \CD{} for all systems. This was far too ambitious a target, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4All\TeX{} \CD{}, but also the \acro{TUG} Technical Council working group on a \emph{\TeX{} Directory Structure}, which specified how to create consistent and manageable collections of \TeX{} support files. The final draft of the \TDS{} was published in the December 1995 issue of \textsl{TUGboat}, and it was clear from an early stage that one desirable product would be a model structure on \CD{}. The \CD{} you now have is a very direct result of the working group's deliberations. It was also clear that the success of the 4All\TeX{} \CD{} showed that Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of \TeXLive. We undertook to make a new Unix-based \TDS{} \CD{} in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser's \teTeX{} as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996. The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release of his \Webc{} package, which included nearly all the features which Thomas Esser had added in \teTeX, and we decided to base the 2nd edition of the \CD{} on the standard \Webc, with the addition of \teTeX's \texttt{texconfig} script. The 3rd edition of the \CD{} was based on a major revision of \Webc, 7.2, by Olaf Weber; at the same time, a new revision of \teTeX was being made, and \TeXLive{} shares almost all of its features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of te\TeX, and a new release of \Webc{} (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup. For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the \CD{} were revised and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for \TeX\ Live 5 was that all non-free software was removed. Everything on this \CD{} should be compatible with the Debian Free Software Guidelines (\url{http://www.debian.org/intro/free}); we have done our best to check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any mistakes. The 6th edition (July 2001) had a lot material updated. The major change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate \texttt{language.dat}. The 7th edition of 2002 had as a major addition a setup for MacOSX, and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTeX, to correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6. \section{Future versions} \emph{This \CD{} is not a perfect product!} We plan to re-issue it once a year, and would like to provide more help material, more utilities, more installation programs, and (of course) an ever-improved and checked tree of macros and fonts. This work is all done by hard-pressed volunteers in their limited spare time, and a great deal remains to be done. If you can help, don't hesitate to put your name forward! Corrections, suggestions and additions for future revisions should be sent to:\hfill\null \begin{quote} Sebastian Rahtz\\ {}7 Stratfield Road\\ Oxford OX2 7BG\\ United Kingdom\\ \EmailURL{rahtz@tug.org} \end{quote} Updates, notes, and suggestions will be made available on \CTAN{} in \path|info/texlive|. A \acro{WWW} page for information and ordering details is at \url{http://www.tug.org/tex-live.html}. \end{multicols} \Section{The texmf.cnf file} \label{app:texmf.cnf} \begin{small} \listinginput{1}{../examples/texmf.cnf} \end{small} \end{document} Notes on Nicolle Zellner's problems: ------------------------------------ - autoexec.bat gave error, ``too many parameters''. fix: in setvars.bat file, put "" around %PATH% to take care of spaces. - ``out of environment space'' when rebooting meant that autoexec.bat was not executing properly-- path and texmfhome variable were not being set. fix: put in config.sys file the line: shell=c:\command.com /e:1024 /p (and reboot probably) [Note: alternative advice written by Pat: The environment space is an area of memory in which the OS stores variables such as path. To increase the memory size do the following: Open a MS-DOS window. Click on the Properties icon (looks like a hand holding a sheet of paper). Click on the Memory tab in the Properties window. Change the value under Initial Environment: to 4096. Apply the properties. Click OK on the warning about needing to restart your computer. The new environment memory will be in effect after the reboot.] - windvi did not retain settings. fix: in setvars.bat file, add command: set Home=c:\Home and also create the directory c:\Home. copy windvi.cnf to c:\Home\ reboot -ispell doesn't work (can't write to c:\tmp, can't create dictionary) In addition to the the c:\Home addition above, create the folder: d:\tmp\ (d: is where the files are that she is using.) Now ispell should work from the command line. Still can't get it to work from within \cmdname{WinShell}. (change cmd line to %c.tex, it was reading the project main file) Notes on installing WinEdt: --------------------------- If you choose to install WinEdt, you will be asked for a folder name: any folder name will do, as this is for temporary storage. An acceptable choice is \verb+C:\Winedt+. Click \textbf{unzip}, then \textbf{OK}, and finally \textbf{Close}. --- later, to complete WinEdt installation: Run "winedt5.exe" and complete the setup procedure. Get from ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/fptex/supplementary/ 30/08/2000 20:17 70 844 winedt5-cnf.zip 10/09/2000 10:43 839 086 winedt5-patch4.zip then unpack (use unzip or winzip with subdir creation enabled, NOT pkunzkip) "winedt5-patch4.zip" inside the "c:\program files\winedt" directory then at last unpack "winedt5-cnf.zip". When this is done, go inside the 'Options->Configurations' menu, choose the "fpTeX Direct" option. If windvi previewer doesn't work, go to options->menu setup-> accessories and change the Menu Setup so the call for DVI Preview is analogous to the call for Dvips-- i.e., don't use "DVIVIEW" in the command line, but rather fptex-bin and dviwin.exe.