% Last modified: Wed 03 May 2023 07:02:51 PM CDT \documentclass[11pt,letterpaper,oneside]{article} \usepackage{windycity} \begin{document} \title{Windy City} \subtitle{A Chicago Style for \texttt{\biblatex}} \author{Brian Chase} \email{brianmichaelchase@gmail.com} \website{https://github.com/brianchase/windycity} \version{2023-05-03} \maketitle \begingroup \hypersetup{linkcolor=black} \tableofcontents\markboth{Contents}{Contents} \endgroup \section{Introduction} \nfootnote{Copyright \textcopyright\ 2014--2023 Brian Chase. Under the terms of the \LaTeX\ Project Public License, version 1.3, permission is granted to copy, distribute, or modify this software. See \url{http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/base/lppl.txt} or \url{https://www.latex-project.org/lppl/}.} Windy City is a style for \biblatex that formats notes, bibliographies, parenthetical citations, and reference lists according to the 17th edition of \textit{The Chicago Manual of Style} (\textit{CMOS}).\footnote{\cite{chicago2017}} It accurately handles a wide range of citations in different formats and includes a set of options and commands to support special circumstances. It also has extensive support for citing and arranging different kinds of editors and translators within a single citation. These features make Windy City especially suitable for academic work. The following sections assume familiarity with \textit{CMOS} and \biblatex. Section \ref{overview} gives a brief overview of the style's features. Section \ref{editors} discusses the assignment and placement of editors and translators. Section \ref{collections} discusses several issues with collections, including options for formatting citations of individual volumes. Sections \ref{notes} and \ref{paren} reproduce examples from \textit{CMOS} chapters 14 and 15, respectively, with occasional commentary and references to other sections. Windy City requires \biblatex version 3.13 or later. \section{Overview} \label{overview} This section covers basic information about Windy City. If you're completely new to \biblatex, you should probably glance at its documentation. For the impatient, examples in sections \ref{standard}, \ref{short}, \ref{notes}, and \ref{paren} might be of more immediate interest. \subsection{Getting Started} If you already know how to use \biblatex, getting started with Windy City is easy. First, confirm that \biblatex and Windy City are installed properly on your system. Since both are included in some distributions of \LaTeX, you might already have them. Either way, please consider downloading the most recent release of Windy City from its \begingroup\hypersetup{urlcolor=blue}\href{https://www.ctan.org/pkg/windycity}{home on CTAN} or \href{https://github.com/brianchase/windycity/releases}{repository on GitHub}. More recent but potentially less reliable updates are available on \href{https://github.com/brianchase/windycity}{the main project page}.\endgroup Windy City consists of four files: \begin{itemize}[before=\small] \item \file{windycity.bbx} \item \file{windycity.cbx} \item \file{windycity.dbx} \item \file{american-windycity.lbx} \end{itemize} If you need to install Windy City on your system, you have several options. For a one-off compilation, say, to give Windy City a trial run on a single document, you could copy Windy City's files to the document's root directory. Beyond that, your best option is to install it in your local \path{texmf}. Copy the files to a directory of your choosing, then update your \path{texmf} file name database. To compile a document with Windy City, tell \biblatex to load it with the load-time option \opt{style}: \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[style=windycity]{biblatex} \end{verbatim} \noindent Typically, this goes in a document's preamble or in one of its style files. The localization file \file{american-windycity.lbx} is responsible for Windy City's American-style punctuation and dates and many of the bibliography strings that print in citations, such as \textit{edited by}. Windy City loads this file if \biblatex determines that your document's language is English---either due to settings in \babel or \polyglossia or because neither \babel nor \polyglossia has been loaded. You can prevent Windy City from loading \file{american-windycity.lbx} by commenting the following line in \file{windycity.bbx}: \begin{verbatim} \DeclareLanguageMapping{english}{american-windycity} \end{verbatim} If you wish to use Windy City with a language other than English, set it accordingly with \babel or \polyglossia before loading \biblatex. Windy City will then try to load \file{-windycity.lbx} and, if it's available, use it to override any other localization files that were loaded. This allows you to make your own localization files for Windy City without needing to edit other files. For example, if you load \babel with option \sty{german}, Windy City will try to load \file{german-windycity.lbx}. If it's available, it will override any other localization files that were loaded, including \biblatex's own \file{german.lbx}. For some entries in your bibliography database, you may need to add fields or make other adjustments to get the right output. But since Windy City relies as much as possible on standard \BibTeX\ fields, and secondarily on \biblatex fields, you may not need to make major changes. The examples in this document and its accompanying bibliography database, \file{windycity.bib}, should serve as a guide for how to manage your input for nearly every circumstance that the style is meant to handle. \subsection{Standard Citations} \label{standard} For a first set of examples, consider this passage from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.30}: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite[24--25]{morley1995} \item \cite{schwartz1992} \item \cite{kaiser1964} \item \cite[43]{morley1995} \item \cite[138]{schwartz1992} \item \cite[189--90]{kaiser1964} \end{citenobib} A work's first citation is similar to its entry in the bibliography. It includes all or most of its bibliographic information. Subsequent citations are shorter, usually consisting of a short form of the author's name and a short form of the work's title. Windy City supports variations on this format. For information on short citations, including the use of \textit{ibid.}, see section \ref{short}. For options to skip parts of citations, change the order of editors and translators, and more, see sections \ref{preamble} and \ref{entry}. For parenthetical citations, see section \ref{paren}. The block below shows Windy City's default bibliography for the previously cited works: \begin{bibonly} \nocite{kaiser1964,morley1995,schwartz1992} \end{bibonly} You may also print a bibliography in the author-date format (what \textit{CMOS} calls a reference list). The key difference is the placement of the publication date after the author's name: \begin{refonly} \nocite{kaiser1964,morley1995,schwartz1992} \end{refonly} To make \cmd{printbibliography} use the author-date format, load \biblatex with Windy City's preamble option \opt{reflist}: \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[reflist,style=windycity]{biblatex} \end{verbatim} \noindent Alternatively: \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[reflist=true,style=windycity]{biblatex} \end{verbatim} To use the author-date format on a case-by-case basis, run \cmd{printbibliography} with an appropriate \opt{env} option. With Windy City, a so-called ``bib environment'' must set the style's internal \opt{reflist} toggle to \opt{true}. Windy City's own such environment is called \opt{reflist}. Use it as follows: \begin{verbatim} \printbibliography[env=reflist] \end{verbatim} Unfortunately, while the \opt{env} option allows for differently formatted bibliographies within the same document, the reference lists may have problems with sorting. (You'll notice some in \ref{ref}, at the end of this document.) For best results, use the \opt{reflist} preamble option. As you proceed through this guide, note that all examples of citations and bibliographies are outputs of the style from commands that you can inspect in the document's source, \file{windycity.tex}, and in its style file, \file{windycity.sty}. Almost all citations are from \cmd{cite} or \cmd{parencite}. A few are from more specialized commands, such as \cmd{cite*} or \cmd{cites}. All example bibliographies are outputs of the style from \cmd{printbibliography}. All bibliographic data reside in \file{windycity.bib}. \subsection{Short Citations} \label{short} Standard citations may take a variety of shorter forms. Windy City offers several preamble options and other means for producing them. Let's start with another passage of default output: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite[3]{morrison2004a} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \item \cite[24--26]{morrison2004a} \item \cite[401-2]{morrison2004b} \item \cite[433]{morrison2004b} \item \cite[37--38]{diaz2007} \item \cite[403]{morrison2004b} \item \cite[152]{diaz2007} \item \cite[201-2]{diaz2007} \item \cites[240]{morrison2004b}[32]{morrison2004a} \item \cite[33]{morrison2004a} \end{citenobib} A shorter form of this passage appears in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.34}:\footnote{Switching forms within a document isn't a feature of the style. For demonstration purposes, though, it's possible.} % Preamble option 'short' sets 'short' and 'shortfirst' toggles to % true. Set them to true to simulate the 'short' preamble option. \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[3]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[24--26]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[401-2]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[433]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[37--38]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[403]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[152]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[201-2]{diaz2007} \AtNextMultiCite{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cites[240]{morrison2004b}[32]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[33]{morrison2004a} \end{citenobib} In this version, a work's first citation gives short names and titles and omits all other publication information. Consecutive citations of a work may omit the title or, as in the eleventh note, the author's name. For citations in this form, use the preamble option \opt{short}. See section \ref{preamble} for more information. \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.34} also shows how to render the passage with \textit{ibid.} Unlike previous editions of \textit{CMOS}, the 17th edition discourages its use. Windy City makes it available with the preamble option \opt{ibid} (see section \ref{preamble}). Options \opt{short} and \opt{ibid} together give the following:\footnote{As explained in section \ref{preamble}, Windy City won't print \textit{ibid.} in reference to a citation on a previous page. A page break here may affect the output.} % Preamble option 'short' sets 'short' and 'shortfirst' toggles to % true. Preamble option 'ibid' sets 'ibid', 'ibidpage', and 'short' % toggles to true. Set all those toggles to true to simulate the % 'short' and 'ibid' preamble options. \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[3]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}\toggletrue{ibidpage}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[24--26]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[401-2]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[433]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[37--38]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[403]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[152]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[201-2]{diaz2007} \AtNextMultiCite{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cites[240]{morrison2004b}[32]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[33]{morrison2004a} \end{citenobib} For a compromise between standard and short forms, try the preamble option \opt{shortfirst}. It swaps long first citations for short ones but otherwise follows the standard form (see section \ref{preamble}). For another variant, try \opt{shortafter}, which gives the same output as \opt{short} but with long first citations. Also with standard citations, the preamble option \opt{idemtracker} shortens the author's name of a work's first citation if the previous citation is of the same author (see section \ref{preamble}). The entry option \opt{noauth} omits the author's name altogether (see section \ref{entry}). And the \bibfield{shorthand} field allows you to set an abbreviation to stand in place of the author's name, the work's title, and other elements of a citation (see sections \ref{stdfields} and \ref{14.59}). \subsection{Preamble Options} \label{preamble} A preamble option is an argument for the \cmd{usepackage} macro that loads \biblatex. Preamble options affect the format of notes, bibliographies, and reference lists. Windy City relies on many preamble options from \biblatex and supports or provides others to allow you to change the default output. % Windy City sets preamble options for \biblatex in % \file{windycity.bbx}. The list there isn't complete. The style needs % to set some options to comply with \textit{CMOS}, sets others as a % precaution, and leaves still others untouched. Users who want % fine-grained control of the style should look through the list along % with \biblatex's user guide. Many options below are \opt{false} by default. Make an option \opt{true} by passing its name to \biblatex, with or without \opt{=true}. Using \opt{annotate} as an example, the following are equivalent: \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[annotate,style=windycity]{biblatex} \usepackage[annotate=true,style=windycity]{biblatex} \end{verbatim} If an option is \opt{true} by default, make it \opt{false} by passing its name with \opt{=false}. Using \opt{doi} as an example: \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[doi=false,style=windycity]{biblatex} \end{verbatim} \begin{optionlist} \optitem[false]{annotate}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option is for printing annotated bibliographies. Annotations print in block paragraphs below entries. To change the spacing between entries and annotations, change the value of \cmd{bibitemsep}. Save an annotation in the \bibfield{annotation} field of a work's bibliography database entry. \optitem[false]{collsonly}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Citing individual works of a collection adds entries for those works to the bibliography. To exclude them and print only an entry for the whole collection, use \opt{collsonly}. It has no effect on many \bibtype{incollection} entries, such as articles in books, or on \bibtype{article} entries cross-referenced to a \bibtype{periodical}, but it does filter out chapters of books, books in books, and volumes of collections. For discussion of multivolume works, see section \ref{multivolume}. \optitem[true]{dashed}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to remove the 3-em dash for repeated names in bibliographies. \optitem[true]{doi}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to prevent the \bibfield{doi} field from printing. \optitem[true]{eprint}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to prevent the \bibfield{eprint} field from printing. For more information about eprints, see section \ref{datafields}. \optitem[false]{ibid}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option controls whether consecutive citations of a work on the same page receive an \textit{ibid}. For examples, see section \ref{short} and \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.34}. As of the 17th edition, \textit{CMOS} discourages the use of \textit{ibid.} % The qualification ``on the same page'' means that the referent of an % \textit{ibid.} is never on a different page. The latter isn't a % requirement of \textit{CMOS} but seems reasonable, since it prevents % readers from having to look at another page to find the referent of % an \textit{ibid}. \optitem[false]{ibidpage}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent If \opt{true}, the \bibfield{postnote} field won't print if the previous citation on the page is of the same entry with the same \bibfield{postnote}. The \opt{ibid} preamble option uses \opt{ibidpage}. \optitem[false]{idemtracker}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}, \opt{context}, \opt{strict}, \opt{constrict}} \noindent If \opt{true}, the first citation of a work prints with a shortened author's name if the previous citation is of another work by the same author. Recall \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.34}, where the first citation of Toni Morrison's \textit{Song of Solomon} immediately follows citations of her \textit{Beloved}. The default output prints her full name twice, once for the first citation of \textit{Song of Solomon} and again for the first citation of \textit{Beloved}. If \opt{idemtracker} is \opt{true} (or in many contexts any value other than \opt{false}), her full name prints just once, at the beginning of the series. % As for \texit{CMOS}, the 16th edition, Figure 14.3, shows % consecutive citations of works by the same author, both of which % give the author's full name. For more information on \opt{idemtracker}, see the discussion in \biblatex's user guide. \optitem[false]{isbn}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Use this option to print ISBNs in bibliographies. A work's ISBN goes in the \bibfield{isbn} field of its bibliography database entry. With this option, the style prints ISBNs at the end of every entry in the bibliography, before annotations. To print the ISBN of a particular work, use the \opt{isbn} entry option. \optitem[false]{issn}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Similar to \opt{isbn} but for ISSNs. \optitem[false]{library}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Like \opt{isbn} and \opt{issn}, this option prints the \bibfield{library} field of every work in the bibliography. Use it to print information about libraries, call numbers, and the like. If you use it with the \opt{isbn} and \opt{annotation} options, it prints after the former but before the latter. To print this information for selected works, use the \opt{library} entry option. \optitem[false]{noetal}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option disables the truncation of name lists in all citations and bibliographies. To disable truncation in the citations and bibliography entries of specific works, use the \opt{noetal} entry option. \optitem[false]{nolos}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent By default, every work with a \bibfield{shorthand} receives an entry in the bibliography. If you wish to exclude them, say, to avoid duplication with the output of \cmd{printshorthands}, use \opt{nolos}. Since \opt{collsonly} also excludes works from the bibliography, their results may overlap. \optitem[false]{nopages}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent On the first citation of \bibtype{article} or \bibtype{review} entries (and their aliases), Windy City prints the \bibfield{pages} field if the \bibfield{postnote} field is blank. This lets you cite the entirety of a work without having to duplicate the content of the \bibfield{pages} field in the \bibfield{postnote}. To override this feature, use \opt{nopages}. \optitem[false]{reflist}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Use this option to print a bibliography in the author-date format (what \textit{CMOS} calls a reference list). If you use parenthetical citations, consider using \opt{reflist} to maintain consistency with \textit{CMOS}. Again, another way to print a reference list is to pass \opt{env=reflist} to \cmd{printbibliography}. See section \ref{overview} for more information. \optitem[false]{sentencecase}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option puts titles in sentence-style capitalization, also called sentence case (see \textit{CMOS} 8.158), whereby the first letter is uppercase and subsequent letters are lowercase. Affected fields: \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{blogtitle}, \bibfield{bookbooktitle}, \bibfield{booktitle}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{journal}, \bibfield{journaltitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, \bibfield{origtitle}, \bibfield{shortbooktitle}, \bibfield{shorthand}, \bibfield{shorttitle}, and \bibfield{shortmaintitle}. \optitem[false]{short}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent As shown in section \ref{short}, this option prints short citations (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.34}). The use of \opt{short} has one feature in common with \opt{ibid}: It affects only consecutive citations of a work on the same page. As with \textit{ibid.}, this feature isn't required by \textit{CMOS}, but it prevents readers from having to look at another page to find the title of a citation. In contexts where \opt{short} would drop a title from a citation, but where no name occupies the author's position, it prints the work's \bibfield{labeltitle}. This can be a short form of the title, either the title minus the subtitle or the content of the \bibfield{shorttitle} field, if available. As noted earlier, \opt{short} has the same effect on first citations as \opt{shortfirst}. But recall from section \ref{short} that you can combine \opt{short} and \opt{ibid} for more concise output. \optitem[false]{shortafter}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent If you want the output of \opt{short} but with long first citations, use \opt{shortafter}. Compare the following with examples in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.34}: % The option 'short' implies the option 'shortfirst'. The option % 'shortafter' doesn't. Hence, to display the output of 'shortafter' % below, you need only toggle true 'short'. \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[3]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[24--26]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[401-2]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[433]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[37--38]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[403]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[152]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[201-2]{diaz2007} \AtNextMultiCite{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cites[240]{morrison2004b}[32]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[33]{morrison2004a} \end{citenobib} \optitem[false]{shortfirst}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Use this option to shorten a work's first citation. The resulting output consists mainly of the author's name and the work's title. According to \textit{CMOS}, this approach is optional for documents with complete bibliographies. (See \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.23}, also 14.29--14.36.) As with \opt{short}, you may use \opt{shortfirst} with \opt{ibid} for more concise citations. \optitem[false]{shortlinks}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent If you use Windy City with \href{http://www.ctan.org/pkg/hyperref}{\textcolor{blue}{hyerref}}, citations contain embedded links to their respective entries in the bibliography. In standard citations, these links encompass the entire citation (minus some punctuation). With \opt{shortlinks}, they're embedded in just one element: the title or, if no title is present, whatever part of the citation occupies the author's position, such as the author's name, \textit{ibid.}, or a shorthand. For comparison, the blue text below shows default links: \hypersetup{citecolor=blue} \begin{citenobib} \item \cite[24--25]{morley1995} \item \cite{schwartz1992} \item \cite{kaiser1964} \item \cite[43]{morley1995} \item \cite[138]{schwartz1992} \item \cite[189--90]{kaiser1964} \end{citenobib} \noindent And here they are with \opt{shortlinks}: \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{shortlinks}} \item \cite[24--25]{morley1995} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{shortlinks}} \item \cite{schwartz1992} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{shortlinks}} \item \cite{kaiser1964} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{shortlinks}} \item \cite[43]{morley1995} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{shortlinks}} \item \cite[138]{schwartz1992} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{shortlinks}} \item \cite[189--90]{kaiser1964} \end{citenobib} \hypersetup{citecolor=} \optitem[false]{swapvol}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent In bibliographies and long citations, works in collections may place publication information for the volume before that of the collection or \textit{vice versa}. Windy City gives priority to the volume. To reverse this for all relevant citations, use \opt{swapvol}. For more information, see section \ref{collorder}. \optitem[true]{url}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to prevent the \bibfield{url} field from printing. \end{optionlist} \subsection{Entry Options} \label{entry} An entry option goes in the \bibfield{options} field of a work's database entry. It affects the format of that work. For options that affect the format of every work, see section \ref{preamble}. As with preamble options, many options below are \opt{false} by default. Make an option \opt{true} by putting its name in the \bibfield{options} field of a work's bibliography database entry, with or without \opt{=true}. Using \opt{annotate} as an example, the following are equivalent: \begin{verbatim} options = {annotate}, options = {annotate=true}, \end{verbatim} If an option is \opt{true} by default, make it \opt{false} by putting its name with \opt{=false} in the \bibfield{options} field. Using \opt{doi} as an example: \begin{verbatim} options = {doi=false}, \end{verbatim} \begin{optionlist} \optitem[false]{annotate}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{true} to print an entry's \bibfield{annotation} field. To change the spacing between entries and annotations, change the value of \cmd{bibitemsep}. \optitem[true]{doi}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to prevent the \bibfield{doi} field from printing. \optitem[false]{emph}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Short for \opt{emph:title}. \optitem[false]{emph:}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option puts titles in italics. Supported values of \bibfield{}: \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{blogtitle}, \bibfield{bookbooktitle}, \bibfield{booktitle}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{journal}, \bibfield{journaltitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, \bibfield{origtitle}, \bibfield{shortbooktitle}, \bibfield{shorthand}, \bibfield{shorttitle}, and \bibfield{shortmaintitle}. \optitem[true]{eprint}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to prevent the \bibfield{eprint} field from printing. For more information about eprints, see section \ref{datafields}. \optitem[false]{ifcapital}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Short for \opt{ifcapital:title}. \optitem[false]{ifcapital:}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option uppercases the first letter of titles when \cmd{ifcapital} is true. Supported values of \bibfield{}: \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{blogtitle}, \bibfield{bookbooktitle}, \bibfield{booktitle}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{journal}, \bibfield{journaltitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, \bibfield{origtitle}, \bibfield{shortbooktitle}, \bibfield{shorthand}, \bibfield{shorttitle}, and \bibfield{shortmaintitle}. In combination with \opt{noformat:}, this option allows you to work with complex titles, where different parts need different formats in different contexts. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.210}: \begin{verbatim} @Online{braun2016, options = {noformat,ifcapital}, author = {Braun, Caroline}, title = {reply to \mkbibquote{How did the `cool kids' from high school turn out?}}, organization = {Quora}, date = {2016-08-09}, url = {https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-cool-kids-from-high -school-turn-out/} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{braun2016} \end{citebib} \optitem[false]{isbn}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Use this option to print the ISBN of a particular work in a bibliography. The ISBN appears at the end of the work's entry (if applicable, before an annotation). To print ISBNs of every work in the bibliography, see the \bibfield{isbn} preamble option. \optitem[false]{issn}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Similar to \opt{isbn} but for ISSNs. \optitem[false]{library}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option prints the \bibfield{library} field of a work's bibliography database entry. This information prints at the end of the work's entry (if applicable, after an ISBN and before an annotation). To print the \bibfield{library} field of every work in the bibliography, use the \opt{library} preamble option. \optitem[false]{listvols}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent \textit{CMOS} offers some flexibility over whether a long citation gives a work's total number of volumes (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.118}). Windy City replicates this in a roundabout way: By default, it prints the \bibfield{volumes} field in certain long citations only if the \bibfield{postnote} field is empty. This does a better job of matching examples in \textit{CMOS} than a simpler policy would. For the rest, use \opt{listvols}. It prints the \bibfield{volumes} field in those citations no matter what the \bibfield{postnote} contains. For more information, see section \ref{collorder}. \optitem[false]{noauth}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option tells the style to bypass the author's position of a work in notes and bibliographies. Citations will begin with the title's position. Below is an example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.105}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{chaucer1966} \end{citebib} \noindent To bypass the author's position in a single note, without affecting the bibliography, use starred versions of citation commands, such as \cmd{cite*}, \cmd{footcite*}, and \cmd{parencite*}. \optitem[false]{noetal}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option disables the truncation of name lists in the citations and bibliography entries of specific works. To disable truncation in all works, use the \opt{noetal} preamble option. \optitem[false]{noformat}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Short for \opt{noformat:title}. \optitem[false]{noformat:}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option removes formatting from titles. Supported values of \bibfield{}: \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{blogtitle}, \bibfield{bookbooktitle}, \bibfield{booktitle}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{journal}, \bibfield{journaltitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, \bibfield{origtitle}, \bibfield{shortbooktitle}, \bibfield{shorthand}, \bibfield{shorttitle}, and \bibfield{shortmaintitle}. \optitem[false]{noplace}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent In contexts where Windy City expects to print a publisher's location, but no location is specified in the bibliography database, you can tell it to print \textit{n.p.} (for \textit{no place}) with this option. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.132}: \begin{citenobib} %\begin{itemize}[before=\small,itemindent=0ex] \item[] \cite{windsor1910} \end{citenobib} %\end{itemize} \optitem[false]{noreprint}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option helps if you need to indicate a work's original year of publication with the \bibfield{origdate} or \bibfield{origyear} field but want to depart from the style's usual output by excluding the \textit{reprint} bibliography string. First, an example of the default output from \textit{CMOS} \ref{15.40} (in the author-year format): \begin{refonly} \nocite{maitland1998} \end{refonly} \noindent Now, from the same section, an example that requires \opt{noreprint}: \begin{refonly} \nocite{darwin1964} \end{refonly} \optitem[false]{quotes}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Short for \opt{quotes:title}. \optitem[false]{quotes:}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option puts titles in quotes. Supported values of \bibfield{}: \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{blogtitle}, \bibfield{bookbooktitle}, \bibfield{booktitle}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{journal}, \bibfield{journaltitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, \bibfield{origtitle}, \bibfield{shortbooktitle}, \bibfield{shorthand}, \bibfield{shorttitle}, and \bibfield{shortmaintitle}. \optitem[false]{sentencecase}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Short for \opt{sentencecase:title}. \optitem[false]{sentencecase:}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent This option puts titles in sentence-style capitalization, also called sentence case (see \textit{CMOS} 8.158), whereby the first letter is uppercase and subsequent letters are lowercase. Supported values of \bibfield{}: \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{blogtitle}, \bibfield{bookbooktitle}, \bibfield{booktitle}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{journal}, \bibfield{journaltitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, \bibfield{origtitle}, \bibfield{shortbooktitle}, \bibfield{shorthand}, \bibfield{shorttitle}, and \bibfield{shortmaintitle}. \optitem[false]{skipdate}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent On rare occasions, you may need an entry in a reference list to skip the \textit{date}. See section \ref{entrytypes} for examples. \optitem[false]{swapauth}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent To swap the places of a book's author with an editor or translator, use \opt{swapauth}. This option works for \bibtype{book}, \bibtype{bookinbook}, \bibtype{collection}, \bibtype{inbook}, and \bibtype{incollection} entry types. For more information, see section \ref{editors:swap}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent According to \textit{CMOS}, if a work has an editor and a translator, their names should appear in citations in the order in which they appear on the work's title page (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.104}). By default, the style lists editors first. The option \bibfield{swaptrans} reverses this order: Their translators print first. If a work's translators and editors are the same, \bibfield{swaptrans} reverses their roles, say, from \textit{edited and translated by} to \textit{translated and edited by}. The same goes for compilers, expanders, revisers, and updaters---all of whom the style treats as specialized editors. For editors and translators of an \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, or \bibfield{series}, see their respective options below. See also section \ref{editors:swap}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:book}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} A short form of \opt{swaptrans:booktitle}. See below. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:bookbook}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} A short form of \opt{swaptrans:bookbooktitle}. See below. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:bookbooktitle}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} Like \opt{swaptrans} but narrower in scope. It applies only to the editors and translators of a \bibfield{bookbooktitle} (a double cross-referenced \bibfield{title}). See section \ref{editors:swap}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:booktitle}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} Like \opt{swaptrans} but narrower in scope. It applies only to the editors and translators of a \bibfield{booktitle} (a cross-referenced \bibfield{title}). See section \ref{editors:swap}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:issue}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} A short form of \opt{swaptrans:issuetitle}. See below. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:issuetitle}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} Like \opt{swaptrans} but for editors and translators of an \bibfield{issuetitle}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:main}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} A short form of \opt{swaptrans:maintitle}. See below. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:maintitle}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} Like \opt{swaptrans} but for editors and translators of a \bibfield{maintitle}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:series}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} Like \opt{swaptrans} but for editors and translators of a \bibfield{series}. \optitem[false]{swaptrans:title}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} Like \opt{swaptrans} but narrower in scope. It applies only to the editors and translators of a \bibfield{title}, whereas \bibfield{swaptrans} also affects those of a \bibfield{booktitle} (a cross-referenced \bibfield{title}) and a \bibfield{bookbooktitle} (a double cross-referenced \bibfield{title}). See section \ref{editors:swap}. \optitem[false]{swapvol}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent As an entry option, \opt{swapvol} does on a case-by-case basis what the \opt{swapvol} preamble option does globally: When set to true, it changes the format of a work in a collection so that, in bibliographies and long citations, publication information for the collection precedes that of the volume. For more information, see section \ref{collorder}. \optitem[true]{url}{\opt{true}, \opt{false}} \noindent Set \opt{false} to prevent the \bibfield{url} field from printing. \end{optionlist} \subsection{Citation Commands} Windy City supports most of the citation commands familiar from \biblatex, plus a small set of custom commands for tricky situations. \subsubsection{Standard Citation Commands} \label{std.cmd} The following list, though not exhaustive, shows the most important citation commands from \biblatex that Windy City supports: \begin{ltxsyntax} \cmditem{autocite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{autocites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{cite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{cite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{cites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{cites*}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footcite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footcites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footcites*}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footfullcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footfullcite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{fullcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{fullcite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{nocite}{key} \cmditem*{nocite}|\{*\}| \cmditem{parencite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{parencite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{parencites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{smartcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{smartcite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{smartcites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{smartcites*}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{textcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{textcites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{textcites*}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \end{ltxsyntax} \noindent New users should get comfortable with \cmd{cite} and \cmd{footcite} (for notes) and \cmd{parencite} (for parenthetical citations). Their multicite forms---\cmd{cites}, \cmd{footcites}, and \cmd{paren\-cites}---take comma-separated lists of entry keys, while allowing you to specify distinct \bibfield{prenote} and \bibfield{postnote} fields for each work. Use \cmd{nocite} to add works to bibliographies even if you haven't cited them in the text with citations commands. Use it with an asterisk to add every work in every \file{bib} file that your document loaded with \cmd{addbibresource} or \cmd{bibliography}. Windy City sets the \opt{autocite} preamble option to \opt{footnote}, which makes \cmd{autocite} equivalent to \cmd{smartcite}. The latter runs different citation commands in different contexts. In Windy City, \cmd{smartcite} is equivalent to \cmd{footcite} in a document's body and \cmd{cite} in footnotes and endnotes.\footnote{In a \env{minipage} environment, \cmd{smartcite} is equivalent to \cmd{cite}. To use \cmd{smartcite} with endnotes, use the \sty{endnotes} package.} If you set the \opt{autocite} preamble option to \opt{inline}, \cmd{autocite} is equivalent to \cmd{parencite}. If you set it to \opt{plain}, \cmd{autocite} is equivalent to \cmd{cite}. \begin{ltxsyntax} \cmditem{cite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} Use this command to cite a work without printing anything in the author's position. It comes in handy when the context makes the author's name clear. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.78}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite*[233]{franklin1868} \item \cite*[234]{franklin1868} \end{citebib} \cmditem{parencite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} Like \cmd{parencite} but suppresses the author's position---useful in passages where the author receives explicit mention. Here's an example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{15.25}: \begin{quote} Fiorina et al. \parencite*{fiorina2005} and Fischer and Hout \parencite*{fischer2006} reach more or less the same conclusions. In contrast, Abramowitz and Saunders \parencite*{abramowitz2005} suggest that the mass public is deeply divided between red states and blue states and between churchgoers and secular voters. \end{quote} The source for the passage above contains: \begin{verbatim} \begin{quote} Fiorina et al. \parencite*{fiorina2005}... Fischer and Hout \parencite*{fischer2006}... Abramowitz and Saunders \parencite*{abramowitz2005}... \end{quote} \end{verbatim} \cmditem{textcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} Use \cmd{textcite} for in-text citations. Here's an example from \textit{CMOS} 13.65: \begin{quote} ``If an astronaut falls into a black hole, its mass will increase, but eventually the energy equivalent of that extra mass will be returned to the universe in the form of radiation. Thus, in a sense, the astronaut will be `recycled''' \mkbibparens{\textcite[112]{hawking1988}}. \end{quote} The source for the passage above contains: \begin{verbatim} \begin{quote} ``If an astronaut falls into a black hole...'' \mkbibparens{\textcite[112]{hawking1988}}. \end{quote} \end{verbatim} Note that \cmd{textcite} doesn't enclose citations in parentheses but does drop the final period that standard citations usually end with. The parentheses above come from \cmd{mkbibparens}, which switches the note's internal parentheses to brackets. \cmditem{textcite*}[prenote][postnote]{key} Like \cmd{textcite} but suppresses the author's position. From \textit{CMOS} 13.65: \begin{quote} In their introduction to \textcite*{tocqueville1999}, translators Harvey Mansfield and Delba Winthrop write that Tocqueville ``shows that the people are sovereign, whether through the Constitution or despite it, and he warns of the tyranny of the majority'' \parencite[xvii]{tocqueville1999}. \end{quote} The source for the passage above contains: \begin{verbatim} \begin{quote} In their introduction to \textcite*{tocqueville1999} ...\parencite[xvii]{tocqueville1999}. \end{quote} \end{verbatim} \end{ltxsyntax} \subsubsection{Custom Commands: \emph{\cmd{idemcite}}} \label{idemcite} This family of citation commands isn't strictly necessary but makes some citations simpler than they would be with standard commands. \begin{ltxsyntax} \cmditem{idemcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{idemcites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footidemcite}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{footidemcites}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \end{ltxsyntax} Perhaps the best use case for these commands is the example in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.57}. The sources mentioned in a passage receive long citations with shortened names: \begin{quote} Only when we gather the work of several scholars---Walter Sutton's explications of some of Whitman's shorter poems; Paul Fussell's careful study of structure in ``Cradle''; S. K. Coffman's close readings of ``Crossing Brooklyn Ferry'' and ``Passage to India''; and the attempts of Thomas I. Rountree and John Lovell, dealing with ``Song of Myself'' and ``Passage to India,'' respectively, to elucidate the strategy in ``indirection''---do we begin to get a sense of both the extent and the specificity of Whitman's forms.\footnotemark[1] \end{quote} \begin{citenobib} \item \idemcites{sutton1959,fussell1962,coffman1954,coffman1955,rountree1958}[and][]{lovell1960} \end{citenobib} Without commands like \cmd{idemcite}, there's often no easy way to tell Windy City to shorten names. The preamble option \opt{idemtracker} helps with consecutive citations of the same author, but that's no use when you want to shorten names because you've mentioned them in the text. Nevertheless, standard commands can reproduce the example in at least three ways: \begin{verbatim} \footnote{\cites*[Sutton,][]{sutton1959}[Fussell,][]{fussell1962}... \footcites*[Sutton,][]{sutton1959}[Fussell,][]{fussell1962}... \footnote{Sutton, \cite*{sutton1959}; Fussell, \cite*{fussell1962}... \end{verbatim} \noindent They're ugly workarounds, but they work. With \cmd{idemcites} and \cmd{footidemcites}, on the other hand, you have simpler alternatives that make your intentions clearer and your file easier to read: \begin{verbatim} \footnote{\idemcites{sutton1959,fussell1962,...}[and][]{lovell1960}} \footidemcites{sutton1959,fussell1962,...}[and][]{lovell1960} \footnote{\idemcite{sutton1959}; ... and \idemcite{lovell1960}} \end{verbatim} Notice that the only reason to use \cmd{footidemcites} rather than \cmd{footidemcite} is to insert \textit{and} before the last citation. \subsubsection{Custom Commands: \emph{\cmd{parenauth}}} \label{parenauth} You may prefer to omit the year from parenthetical citations if the context makes it clear or if the inclusion of \textit{n.d.} (for \textit{no date}) seems unnecessary. Omit the year with \cmd{parenauth} and \cmd{parenauths}. \begin{ltxsyntax} \cmditem{parenauth}[prenote][postnote]{key} \cmditem{parenauths}(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key} \end{ltxsyntax} As with \cmd{parencite*} and \cmd{parencites*}, use these commands with care. Dropping the year from parenthetical citations could result in bad output, such as empty parentheses or ambiguous references. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{15.54}. \begin{quote} Alvin Johnson, in a memorandum prepared sometime in 1937 \parenauth[file 36]{kallen}, observed that\ldots \end{quote} \subsection{Entry Types} \label{entrytypes} You may assign any work to one of the core entry types in the list below or to one of their so-called ``type aliases,'' which, minor differences aside, give the same output. If an entry has a type other than the ones listed below, Windy City processes it as a \bibtype{book}. \begin{typelist} \RaggedRight \typeitem{article} Type alias: \bibtype{periodical} \typeitem{artwork} Type alias: \bibtype{image} \typeitem{book} Type aliases: \bibtype{booklet}, \bibtype{manual}, \bibtype{mvbook}, \bibtype{mvcollection}, \bibtype{proceedings}, \bibtype{report}, \bibtype{techreport} \typeitem{collection} No type aliases \typeitem{inbook} Type alias: \bibtype{bookinbook} \typeitem{incollection} Type aliases: \bibtype{conference}, \bibtype{inproceedings}, \bibtype{suppbook}, \bibtype{suppcollection} \typeitem{letter} No type aliases \typeitem{misc} No type aliases \typeitem{online} Type aliases: \bibtype{electronic}, \bibtype{www} \typeitem{patent} No type aliases \typeitem{reference} Type alias: \bibtype{inreference} \typeitem{review} No type aliases \typeitem{standard} No type aliases \typeitem{thesis} Type aliases: \bibtype{mastersthesis}, \bibtype{phdthesis} \typeitem{unpublished} No type aliases \end{typelist} Aliases don't always have the same functions, even when they're fully interchangeable. The difference, though, might be just conceptual. For example, articles in a periodical should take the \bibtype{article} entry type rather than \bibtype{periodical}---not because there's any difference in output, but because, if only in principle, the latter is for citing the periodical itself, not its contents. If you want to save some lines in your bibliography database, use it for a periodical when you cite multiple articles from that source. The same is true for the \bibtype{inreference} and \bibtype{reference} entry types. You may cross-reference \bibtype{inreference} entries to \bibtype{reference} entries, but they're otherwise equivalent. Take an example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.232}: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite{salvation1980} \end{citenobib} \noindent One way to get that output is to cross-reference an \bibtype{inreference} entry (for the article) to a \bibtype{reference} entry (for the encyclopedia):\footnote{Incidentally, reference works don't always have titles in italics. When necessary, you need to set italics in your bibliography database.} \begin{verbatim} @InReference{salvation1980, title = {salvation}, crossref = {britannica1980} } @Reference{britannica1980, organization = {{\emph{Encyclopaedia Britannica}}}, edition = {15}, year = {1980} } \end{verbatim} \noindent But you could also have a single entry of either type: \begin{verbatim} @Reference{salvation1980, organization = {{\emph{Encyclopaedia Britannica}}}, edition = {15}, title = {salvation}, year = {1980} } \end{verbatim} On the differences between the \bibtype{thesis}, \bibtype{mastersthesis}, and \bibtype{phdthesis} entry types, see section \ref{stdfields}. For unusually complicated citations, or those just not supported by the style, consider using the \bibtype{misc} entry type. The style handles these entries in way that makes it a fallback for almost anything. The example below is from \textit{CMOS} 14.264: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{roosevelt1959} \end{citebib} \noindent This work's database entry contains most of its information in \bibfield{usera} (for notes) and \bibfield{userb} (for bibliographies). The \bibfield{title} field needs manual formatting, since works of this type may have titles in italics or quotation marks. \begin{verbatim} @Misc{roosevelt1959, author = {Roosevelt, Eleanor}, title = {\mkbibquote{Is America Facing World Leadership?}}, usera = {convocation speech, Ball State Teacher's College, May 6, \thefield{year}, radio broadcast, reel-to-reel tape, MPEG copy, 1:12:49}, userb = {Convocation Speech. Ball State Teacher's College. May 6, \thefield{year}. Radio broadcast. Reel-to-reel tape. MPEG copy. 1:12:49}, url = {http://libx.bsu.edu/cdm4/singleitem/collection/ElRoos/id /1}, year = {1959} } \end{verbatim} You may also use the \bibtype{misc} entry type to cross-reference entries in a bibliography, as in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.81} and \ref{14.82}. \begin{bibonly} \nocite{ashe,creasey1976,creasey1978,creasey1966,morton,york} \end{bibonly} \noindent Here's the \bibtype{misc} entry for one of the cross-references above: \begin{verbatim} @Misc{ashe, options = {skipdate}, author = {Ashe, Gordon}, userb = {\emph{See} Creasey, John} } \end{verbatim} \noindent The option \opt{skipdate} is necessary only if you plan to format your bibliography as a reference list. It prevents Windy City from printing \textit{n.d.} (for \textit{no date}) after the author's position. Use \cmd{nocite} with the \bibtype{misc} entries to add them to your bibliography, then cite the remaining entries as usual. For examples of automatic cross-referencing in notes and bibliographies see section \ref{notes} (\ref{14.108}), section \ref{paren} (\ref{15.42}), and section \ref{collections}. \subsection{Data Fields} \label{datafields} Windy City relies on a small number of data fields that aren't recognized by \BibTeX\ or \biblatex. It also uses some standard ones in perhaps unexpected ways. \subsubsection{Standard Data Fields} \label{stdfields} Examples in this document don't always make it clear how Windy City uses standard data fields. The list below highlights a selection of fields that merit special attention. \begin{marglist} \item[authortype] This field takes three values: \textit{anon} (to print an anonymous author's name in brackets), \textit{anon?} (to add a question mark inside the brackets), and \textit{pseudo} (to print \textit{pseud.} in brackets after the name of a pseudonymous author). From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.79}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{horsley1796} \item \cite{hawkes1834} \end{citebib} For pseudonymous authors, another solution is to use the \bibfield{nameaddon} field. Unlike with \bibfield{authortype}, \bibfield{nameaddon} allows you to include an author's given name in the brackets. For examples, see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.81}. \item[edition] To indicate a numbered edition of a work, put the edition's number in this field---for example, \textit{2} for a second edition. To indicate a revised edition, enter either \textit{revised} or \textit{rev. ed.} Both options give the same output. For expanded and updated editions, you may use \textit{expanded} or \textit{updated}. Add additional data as necessary. In the following example from \textit{CMOS} bibliography 2.4, \bibfield{edition} contains \textit{updated edition by Arlene O'Sean and Antoinette Schleyer}: \begin{bibonly} \nocite{swanson1999} \end{bibonly} \noindent You may also use the field to indicate a newspaper's edition, such as \textit{Sunday Book Review} (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.202}). \item[eprint] Windy City supports the built-in resources that \biblatex provides for electronic publishing information, even though the output doesn't conform to \textit{CMOS}. To that end, you may use the \bibfield{eprint} field, along with its cousins \bibfield{eprinttype} and \bibfield{eprintclass}, and associated options (\opt{eprint}, \opt{doi}, and \opt{url}), all of which are set to \textit{true} by default. \item[issue] Windy City uses this field with \bibtype{article}, \bibtype{online}, and \bibtype{review} entry types (and their aliases) to record a work's season of publication (spring, summer, autumn/fall, winter). The \bibtype{date} field also records seasons---but the value \textit{23}, for the third season, returns \textit{Autumn}. To print \textit{Fall}, use the \bibfield{issue} field. In other words, for \textit{Fall 2013}, a work's bibliography database entry should contain: \begin{verbatim} issue = {Fall}, date = {2013}, \end{verbatim} \noindent Whereas for \textit{Autumn 2013}, use either: %, put either \textit{2013-23} in \bibfield{date} or: \begin{verbatim} date = {2013-23}, \end{verbatim} \noindent Or: \begin{verbatim} issue = {Autumn}, date = {2013}, \end{verbatim} \noindent Note that when \bibfield{date} contains just a year of publication, you may use the classic \bibfield{year} field. \item[label] The publication year of a work is usually easy for Windy City to determine. It simply reads the \bibfield{date} or \bibfield{year} field of a work's bibliography database entry. But sometimes, especially when works with different publication dates are cross-referenced, the style needs to make difficult choices. If it picks the wrong year, you can override the error by putting the correct one in the \bibfield{label} field. \item[pages] See comments on the \opt{nopages} preamble option in section \ref{preamble}. \item[pubstate] This fields indicates when a work is forthcoming (with value \textit{forthcoming}), a preprint (with value \textit{preprint}), a working paper (with value \textit{working}), or an electronic article published ahead of the official publication date (with value \textit{prepub}). A preprint or working paper needs an \bibtype{unpublished} entry in your bibliography database (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.173} and \ref{14.218}). A prepublication should have an \bibtype{article} or \bibtype{periodical} entry (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.172}). For forthcoming works, see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.146}, \ref{14.172}, and \ref{15.45}. Forthcoming works also print correctly with \textit{forthcoming} in the \bibfield{year} field. \begin{bibonly} \nocite{faraday,huang2015,jubb2015,lucki1980} \end{bibonly} \item[shorthand] Windy City doesn't automatically italicize a \bibfield{shorthand}. Per \textit{CMOS} 14.60, a shorthand should be italicized if the title that it abbreviates is italicized. Set it in the bibliography database with \cmd{emph} or \cmd{mkbibemph}. For examples of a \bibfield{shorthand}, see section \ref{14.59} and the first citation of \textit{CMOS} in this document's introduction. \item[shorthandintro] You may override the default announcement of a \bibfield{shorthand} by adding your preferred content to \bibfield{shorthandintro}. See the first citation of \textit{CMOS} in this document's introduction, where the announcement isn't a note in parentheses but its own sentence. \item[titleaddon] Like \bibfield{nameaddon}, this field encloses its content in brackets. This is especially useful for translated titles. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.99}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{wereszycki1977}; includes a summary in German. \item \cite{pirumova1977b} \end{citebib} \item[type] With the \bibtype{thesis} entry type, Windy City uses \bibfield{type} to distinguish a Master's thesis from a PhD dissertation. For the latter, \bibtype{type} should have the value \textit{phdthesis} or \textit{PhD diss.} For the former, use \textit{mathesis} or \textit{master's thesis}. Indicate other types of thesis by entering the appropiate value in the field, such as \textit{bachelor's thesis} or \textit{undergraduate thesis}. No \bibfield{type} field is needed for the \bibtype{mathesis} and \bibtype{phdthesis} entry types. In rare cases, \bibfield{type} is necessary for \bibtype{article} and \bibtype{review} entry types (and their aliases) when a work's bibliographic information doesn't allow Windy City to distinguish a journal article from a magazine or newspaper article. This happens when a magazine or newspaper article has an issue number. Normally, Windy City prints an issue number before the date and encloses the date in parentheses. But for magazine and newspaper articles, the issue number should go first, and the date shouldn't be in parentheses. The workaround is to include a \bibfield{type} field with the value \textit{newsmag}. For an example, see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.204} and compare it with the citation of Beattie in \ref{14.171}. \end{marglist} \subsubsection{Nonstandard Data Fields} Some of Windy City's nonstandard data fields are for its internal handling of cross-referencing. Those fields aren't listed below, as they're not usually meant for use in a bibliography database (but see section \ref{editors:other}). The rest store information that's crucial for correct formatting. Without them, quite a few citations in this document wouldn't match their counterparts in \textit{CMOS}. \begin{marglist} \item[\smash{\tshortstack[l]{blogtitle\\blogsubtitle}}] The name of a blog goes in \bibfield{blogtitle} and \bibfield{blogsubtitle}. Keep in mind that blog posts take the usual \bibfield{title} and \bibfield{subtitle} fields. \item[collection] Use this field with \bibtype{unpublished} works for names of manuscript collections. See examples in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.222}, \ref{14.229}, and \ref{14.230}. \item[editoraddon] This field holds editorial information about a work that belongs immediately after \bibfield{editor} has printed, without intervening punctuation. For an example, see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.105}, where the citation of \textit{Chaucer Life-Records} includes: ``from materials compiled by John M. Manly and Edith Richert, with the assistance of Lilian J. Redstone et al.'' This field doesn't print when \bibfield{editor} prints in the author's position. As a result, options that may affect where \bibfield{editor} prints, such as \opt{swaptrans} and \opt{swapauth}, may affect whether \bibfield{editoraddon} prints. % The main function of 'editoraaddon' is to inherit 'editoraddon' % during cross-referencing. I don't expect anyone to use it in a % bibliography database. %\item[editoraaddon] Like \bibfield{editoraddon} but for %\bibfield{editora}. \item[seriesaddon] This field is for additional information about a book's series. That includes information about the run of a series, such as \textit{2nd ser.} and \textit{n.s.} For examples, see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.123} and \ref{14.126}. Keep in mind that, for journals, which occasionally have a series but no series name, information like \textit{2nd ser.} and \textit{n.s.} go in the \bibfield{series} field. \item[shortcollection] Similar to \bibfield{shorttitle} but for the short name of a \bibfield{collection}. \item[shortmaintitle] This field contains the short form of a \bibfield{maintitle}. It should only be necessary for certain works in collections. See the citation of \textit{The Complete Tales of Henry James} in section \ref{multivolume}. \item[typeaddon] In bibliography entries of \bibtype{unpublished} works, this field adds arbitrary content after the \bibfield{type} field. To replicate examples in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.217}, use \bibfield{typeaddon} with the value \textit{presented at the}: \begin{bibonly} \nocite{hong2015} \nocite{teplin2005} \end{bibonly} \noindent For \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.216}, \bibfield{typeaddon} contains \textit{last modified}, preceded by a comma and a space: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{balderdash2017} \end{citebib} \end{marglist} \section{Editors and Translators} \label{editors} Windy City offers significant control over the handling of editors and translators. Taking advantage of it, however, may not seem intuitive at first. This section covers all the relevant features and options. \subsection{Types of Editors and Translators} Windy City has four name lists for editors (\bibfield{editor}, \bibfield{editora}, \bibfield{editorb}, and \bibfield{editorc}) and three name lists for translators (\bibfield{translator}, \bibfield{translatora}, and \bibfield{translatorb}). At points where it's prepared to print them, it cycles through one or both sets of lists, depending on the context, looking for names to print. The set of editors starts with \bibfield{editor}, followed by \bibfield{editora}, and so on. The set of translators starts with \bibfield{translator}, followed by \bibfield{translatora}, and so on. Editors precede translators, unless you reverse the order with a \opt{swaptrans} entry option (see section \ref{editors:swap}). Within each set, the style prints the first name list that meets its criteria for that context. Apart from exceptions discussed below, you can assign any editor or translator name list to any \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, or \bibfield{series}. \subsubsection{The Basics} \label{editors:basics} In most cases, you'll assign editors and translators to a \bibfield{title}. Since it's the default assignment, you can do this just by adding the \bibfield{editor} and \bibfield{translator} fields to a database entry. The entry below is an example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.104}: \begin{verbatim} @Collection{adorno1999, author = {Adorno, Theodor W. and Benjamin, Walter}, title = {The Complete Correspondence, 1928–1940}, editor = {Lonitz, Henri}, translator = {Walker, Nicholas}, address = {Cambridge, MA}, publisher = {Harvard University Press}, year = {1999} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{adorno1999} \end{citebib} \noindent When the style processes this entry, it identifies the editor and translator of the work with the names in the \bibfield{editor} and \bibfield{translator} fields. Since the entry doesn't use \opt{swaptrans}, the resulting output lists the editor and translator, in that order, after the authors and title. Cross-referencing introduces a bit more complexity, but the principle is the same: Within the scope of an entry, the style associates \bibfield{editor} and \bibfield{translator} with \bibfield{title}. In this example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.30}, an essay is cross-referenced to a collection: \begin{verbatim} @InCollection{kaiser1964, author = {Kaiser, Ernest}, title = {The Literature of Harlem}, shorttitle = {Literature of Harlem}, crossref = {clarke1964} } @Collection{clarke1964, editor = {Clarke, J. H.}, title = {Harlem}, subtitle = {A Community in Transition}, address = {New York}, publisher = {Citadel Press}, year = {1964} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{kaiser1964} \end{citebib} \noindent Since \bibfield{editor} appears within the \bibtype{collection} entry, Windy City associates the editor's name with \textit{Harlem}. If you moved \bibfield{editor} from \bibtype{collection} to \bibtype{incollection}, the association would change to \textit{The Literature of Harlem}. Consider another example: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{petrarca1948} \end{citebib} \noindent Hans Nachod translated ``The Ascent of Mont Ventoux,'' among other works in the collection, but not \textit{every} work in the collection. Thus, the \bibfield{translator} field must fall within the scope of the \bibtype{incollection} entry: \begin{verbatim} @InCollection{petrarca1948, author = {Petrarca, Francesco}, title = {The Ascent of Mont Ventoux}, translator = {Nachod, Hans}, pages = {36–46}, crossref = {cassirer1948} } @Collection{cassirer1948, editor = {Cassirer, Ernst and Kristeller, Paul Oskar and Randall, Jr., John Herman}, title = {The Renaissance Philosophy of Man}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, year = {1948} } \end{verbatim} \noindent By the same token, since \bibfield{editor} falls within the scope of \bibtype{collection}, the style associates it with \textit{The Renaissance Philosophy of Man}, not ``The Ascent of Mont Ventoux.'' Windy City supports a second tier of editors after \bibfield{title}, \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, and \bibfield{series}. Again, in your bibliography database, make sure to list editors in the proper order: \bibfield{editor} before \bibfield{editora}, and so on. Second tier editors never print in the author's position, even when the first does. They always print after the relevant title. In the examples below, the editors print correctly because there's no ambiguity about which title they're responsible for. Both fall within the same entry, \bibfield{carter2012}, where their default assignment is \textit{A Performer's Guide}. Citing a child entry, \bibfield{myers2012}, places the editors after the collection's title, starting with \bibfield{editor}, whereas citing the parent places \bibfield{editor} in the author's position and \bibfield{editora} after the collection's title. \begin{verbatim} @InCollection{myers2012, author = {Myers, Herbert}, title = {Pitch and Transposition}, pages = {375--393}, crossref = {carter2012} } @Collection{carter2012, title = {A Performer's Guide to Seventeenth-Century Music}, editor = {Carter, Stewart}, editora = {Kite-Powell, Jeffery}, editoratype = {revex}, address = {Bloomington}, publisher = {Indiana University Press}, year = {2012} } \end{verbatim} \begin{bibonly} \nocite{myers2012,carter2012} \end{bibonly} As the examples above also indicate, the style supports a variety of editorial roles beyond just editor and translator. They are: compiler, expander, reviser, and updater. To assign them, use the editor and translator type fields. Below are some bibliography database entries for examples in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.103} and \ref{14.142}: \begin{verbatim} @Book{schechter2011, editor = {Schechter, Harold, and Kurt Brown}, editortype = {compiler}, title = {Killer Verse}, subtitle = {Poems of Murder and Mayhem}, address = {London}, publisher = {Everyman Paperback Classics}, year = {2011} } @Book{turabian2013, author = {Turabian, Kate L.}, title = {A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations}, edition = {8}, editor = {Booth, Wayne C. and Colomb, Gregory G. and Williams, Joseph M. and {the University of Chicago Press Staff}}, editortype = {reviser}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, year = {2013} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{schechter2011} \item \cite{turabian2013} \end{citebib} You may combine all six editorial roles in pairs. A work's editor, for example, can also be its translator, compiler, expander, reviser, or updater---but no more than one of these. Simply put the proper value in the corresponding type field. We saw this with \textit{A Performer's Guide}, where the bibliography string \textit{revex} identified Jeffery Kite-Powell as the work's reviser and expander. These are the key lines: \begin{verbatim} editora = {Kite-Powell, Jeffery}, editoratype = {revex}, \end{verbatim} \noindent Combinations that involve a translator's role, such as \textit{translated and compiled by}, respond to the \opt{swaptrans} options discussed in section \ref{editors:swap}. For these dual roles, however, it's probably less confusing in the long run to change values in the editor and translator type fields. The choice is yours. Table \ref{editors:table} lists all editor and translator roles. \begin{table}[H] \begin{tabular}{@{}r l r l@{}} \bibfield{editortype} & Assignment & \bibfield{editortype} & Assignment\\ \toprule compiler & compiler & reviser & reviser\\ comped & compiler and editor & revcomp & reviser and compiler\\ compex & compiler and expander & reved & reviser and editor\\ comprev & compiler and reviser & revex & reviser and expander\\ comptrans & compiler and translator & revtrans & reviser and translator\\ compup & compiler and updater & revup & reviser and updater\\ editor & editor & translator & translator\\ edcomp & editor and compiler & transcomp & translator and compiler\\ edex & editor and expander & transed & translator and editor\\ edrev & editor and reviser & transex & translator and expander\\ edtrans & editor and translator & transrev & translator and reviser\\ edup & editor and updater & transup & translator and updater\\ expander & expander & updater & updater\\ excomp & expander and compiler & upcomp & updater and compiler\\ exed & expander and editor & uped & updater and editor\\ exrev & expander and reviser & upex & updater and expander\\ extrans & expander and translator & uprev & updater and reviser\\ exup & expander and updater & uptrans & updater and translator\\ \end{tabular} \caption{}\label{editors:table} \end{table} For examples in \textit{CMOS} that use values from Table \ref{editors:table}, we need to turn to the book's bibliography. The first example below shows the effect of \textit{reved}, the second of \textit{revup}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{fowler1965} \item \cite{gowers2015} \end{citebib} For editors and translators with more than two roles per title, you need to print more than one name list, either an editor name list and a translator name list or two editor names lists (see the previous discussion of second tier editors). This allows for complex assignments such as ``Edited and Translated by Jane Doe. Revised and Updated by Jane Doe and John Smith.'' What's not allowed is listing three or more roles at once, as in ``Edited, Translated, and Revised by Jane Doe.'' Along with the values in Table \ref{editors:table}, you may also use \textit{anon}, \textit{anon?}, and \textit{pseudo} in editor and translator type fields to indicate anonymous and pseudonymous editors and translators. For examples using these values with the \bibfield{authortype} field, see section \ref{stdfields} and \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.79} and \ref{15.34}. \subsubsection{Other Options and Titles} \label{editors:other} Windy City simplifies the assignments of editors and translators in several ways. For one, the default assignment of every editor name list is \textit{editor}, and the default assignment of every translator name list is \textit{translator}. As a result, you never need to use the values \textit{editor} or \textit{translator} in the type fields. It's strictly optional. The name fields alone set the correct assignment. Much the same holds when the editor and translator of a work are the same. The usual way to set this assignment is with identical name lists: \begin{verbatim} editor = {Doe, Jane}, translator = {Doe, Jane}, \end{verbatim} \noindent This gives a default assignment of \textit{editor and translator} (\textit{edtrans} from Table \ref{editors:table}), unless you use the appropriate \opt{swaptrans} entry option, which gives \textit{translator and editor} (\textit{transed} from Table \ref{editors:table}). No editor or translator type field is necessary. When type fields are required, Windy City offers flexibility over how you structure your bibliography entries: If you like, you can set the assignment with just one editor or translator type field and its corresponding name field, or with both name fields and one type field, or with both name fields and both type fields. To set Jane Doe as the compiler and translator of a \bibfield{title}, Windy City treats all five options below as equivalent: \begin{enumerate}[itemsep=0.2\baselineskip] \item \begin{verbatim} editor = {Doe, Jane}, editortype = {comptrans}, \end{verbatim} \item \begin{verbatim} translator = {Doe, Jane}, translatortype = {comptrans}, \end{verbatim} \item \begin{verbatim} editor = {Doe, Jane}, translator = {Doe, Jane}, editortype = {comptrans}, \end{verbatim} \item \begin{verbatim} editor = {Doe, Jane}, translator = {Doe, Jane}, translatortype = {comptrans}, \end{verbatim} \item \begin{verbatim} editor = {Doe, Jane}, translator = {Doe, Jane}, editortype = {comptrans}, translatortype = {comptrans}, \end{verbatim} \end{enumerate} The last option above raises the possibility that editor and translator type fields may conflict. What if the editor type is \textit{comptrans} and the translator type is something else, say, \textit{extrans}? If the editors and translators are the same, but the type fields differ, Windy City reads the editor type field and ignores the translator type field. Three more values for type fields allow you to assign editors and translators to \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, and \bibfield{series}. Here's an example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.123}: \begin{verbatim} @Book{allen2009, author = {Allen, Judith A.}, title = {The Feminism of Charlotte Perkins Gilman}, subtitle = {Sexualities, Histories, Progressivism}, series = {Women in Culture and Society}, editor = {Stimpson, Catharine R.}, editortype = {series}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, year = {2009} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{allen2009} \end{citebib} \noindent If there were no \bibfield{editortype} with the value \textit{series}, the style would have assigned \bibfield{editor} to \bibfield{title}. The same goes for \bibfield{issuetitle} and \bibfield{maintitle}: Assign editors and translators to them by putting \textit{issuetitle} and \textit{maintitle} in the relevant type fields. With the help of strings from Table \ref{editors:table}, all editor and translator types are available to \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, and \bibfield{series}. Commas function as delimiters. To take the previous example, you could list Catharine Stimpson as the editor and compiler of the series by putting the values \textit{series,edcomp} or \textit{edcomp,series} in \bibfield{editortype}. Almost any entry that relies on cross-referencing can be written without it. Doing so, however, requires some fields in your bibliography database that are usually meant for the style's internal use. These fields include \bibfield{booktitle} (a cross-referenced \bibfield{title}) and \bibfield{bookbooktitle} (a double cross-referenced \bibfield{title}---a \bibfield{title} cross-referenced by a cross-referenced \bibfield{title}). To accommodate entries that don't use cross-referencing, the style accepts the values \textit{booktitle} and \textit{bookbooktitle} in editor and translator type fields. An example of double cross-referencing will set us up to use both: \begin{verbatim} @InCollection{doe2018, options = {swapvol}, author = {Doe, Jane}, title = {A Poem}, translator = {Smith, John}, pages = {56–57}, crossref = {jones2018} } @InBook{jones2018, editor = {Jones, David}, title = {A Volume of Poems}, volume = {2}, year = {2018}, crossref = {white2016} } @Collection{white2016, editor = {White, Amy}, title = {A Collection of Poems}, volumes = {4}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, year = {2016–18} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[56]{doe2018} \end{citebib} \noindent The following alternative dispenses with \bibfield{crossref} but needs two editor type fields, plus two other fields that don't usually appear in bibliography databases: \bibfield{bookvolume} (a cross-referenced \bibfield{volume}) and \bibfield{bookyear} (a cross-referenced \bibfield{year}). \begin{verbatim} @InCollection{doe2018.alt, author = {Doe, Jane}, title = {A Poem}, translator = {Smith, John}, pages = {56–57}, booktitle = {A Volume of Poems}, editor = {Jones, David}, editortype = {booktitle}, bookvolume = {2}, year = {2018}, bookbooktitle = {A Collection of Poems}, editora = {White, Amy}, editoratype = {bookbooktitle}, volumes = {4}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, bookyear = {2016–18} } \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[56]{doe2018.alt} \end{citebib} In short, for a title's compilers, expanders, revisers, and updaters, and for any title other than \bibfield{title}, you need to put the correct value of the assignment in the editor or translator type field that corresponds with the editor or translator name list (\bibfield{editortype} for \bibfield{editor}, \bibfield{translatortype} for \bibfield{translator}, and so on). Combined with Windy City's support for citing articles, chapters, books, and other works within books, this scheme allows for several sets of editors per work. \subsection{Switching Places and Roles} \label{editors:swap} According to \textit{CMOS}, if a work has an editor and a translator, their names should appear in citations in the order in which they appear on the work's title page (see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.104}). By default, the style lists editors first. To reverse the order, the style provides a suite of entry options that apply to the editors and translators of different titles. This means that if a work has multiple sets of editors and translators, you may swap positions of any set without affecting the others. For simplicity, let's focus on \opt{swaptrans}. This option swaps the editors and translators of works other than an \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, or \bibfield{series}. Compare: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{doe2010a} \end{citebib} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{doe2010b} \end{citebib} If a work has no author, but has editors, the style prints their names in the author's position. The same happens if a work has no author or editor but has translators. The following are examples from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.103}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite[100]{egan2014} \item \cite[34]{silverstein1974} \end{citebib} What if a work has no author but has editors and translators? Since Windy City gives priority to editors, it defaults to listing editors in the author's position: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{smith2002a} \end{citebib} \noindent Use \opt{swaptrans} to reverse them: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{smith2002b} \end{citebib} Similarly, if a work's editors and translators are the same, the style prints the editors' role first, as in \textit{edited and translated by}. Reverse them with \opt{swaptrans}. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.104}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{menchu1999} \end{citebib} You may also swap roles by changing the value in the relevant \bibfield{editortype} field (see Table \ref{editors:table} in section \ref{editors:basics}). For compilers, expanders, revisers, and updaters, you need to put a value in \bibfield{editortype} anyway. You may as well pick a value that has the roles in the correct order. Either way, if you pick one that begins with \textit{trans} (\textit{transcomp}, \textit{transed}, \textit{transex}, \textit{transrev}, or \textit{transup}), Windy City assumes that the translator's role goes first. Using \opt{swaptrans} would then put the editor's role first. As often happens, cross-referencing raises some complications. The problem is that \opt{swaptrans} applies to the editors and translators of a \bibfield{title}, but cross-referenced works have more than one (a \bibfield{title}, a cross-referenced \bibfield{title}, and maybe even a double cross-referenced \bibfield{title}). Three more entry options allow you to pick among them so as to swap whichever set of editors and translators you want. Here's a silly example to showcase all three options: \begin{verbatim} @InCollection{doe2017, author = {Doe, Jane}, title = {An Essay}, editor = {Smith, John}, translator = {Smith, John}, pages = {18–35}, crossref = {jones2017} } @InBook{jones2017, title = {A Volume of Essays}, editor = {Smith, John}, translator = {Smith, John}, volume = {1}, crossref = {white2017} } @Collection{white2017, title = {A Collection of Essays}, editor = {Smith, John}, translator = {Smith, John}, volumes = {3}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, year = {2017} } \end{verbatim} To swap the first set of editors and translators, use \opt{swaptrans:title}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{doe2017a} \end{citebib} To swap the second set of editors and translators, use \opt{swaptrans:booktitle} (or \opt{swaptrans:book}): \begin{citebib} \item \cite{doe2017b} \end{citebib} To swap the third set of editors and translators, use \opt{swaptrans:bookbooktitle} (or \opt{swaptrans:bookbook}): \begin{citebib} \item \cite{doe2017c} \end{citebib} To swap editors and translators of an \bibfield{issuetitle}, \bibfield{maintitle}, or \bibfield{series}, use \opt{swaptrans:issuetitle}, \opt{swaptrans:maintitle}, or \opt{swaptrans:series}, respectively. The first two also have short forms: \opt{swaptrans:issue} and \opt{swaptrans:main}. On rare occasions, you may want to swap positions of an author and an editor or translator. From \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.104}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{pound1953} \end{citebib} \noindent You can get this effect with the entry option \opt{swapauth}, which works for \bibtype{book}, \bibtype{bookinbook}, \bibtype{collection}, \bibtype{inbook}, \bibtype{incollection}, \bibtype{mvbook}, and \bibtype{mvcollection} entry types. But beware: Windy City doesn't look ahead to see if there's really an editor or translator to take the author's place. If it doesn't find one, it still prints the author's name after the title, leaving the author's position empty. Also, if it finds both an editor and a translator, and they're not the same person, it prints the editor's name in the author's position---again, giving priority to editors. If you want the translator's name in the author's position, use \opt{swapauth} with the appropriate \opt{swaptrans} option. For correct sorting in a bibliography, a work that uses \opt{swapauth} needs a field like \bibfield{sortname} to sort it by the name of the editor or translator whose name will occupy the author's position. It would be nice if Windy City could do this for you, but at present no feature of \biblatex seems to allow the kind of on-the-fly changes to sorting that \opt{swapauth} requires. Below is the entry for the previous example: \begin{verbatim} @Book{pound1953, options = {swapauth}, author = {Pound, Ezra}, title = {Literary Essays}, editor = {Eliot, T. S.}, sortname = {Eliot, T. S.}, address = {New York}, publisher = {New Directions}, year = {1953} } \end{verbatim} \section{Collections} \label{collections} Before you cite a collection or one of its volumes, you need to consider how you want the citation to look (\textit{CMOS} gives you options) and whether the collection should count as a single work or as a composite. These issues have implications for how you structure entries in your bibliography database and how you use citation commands. \subsection{Structuring Citations} \label{collorder} A work in a collection usually has a title and perhaps other publication information that differs from the collection's. When preparing your bibliography database, the most basic choice to make about a work in a collection is which publication information has priority, the collection's or the volume's. Consider an example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.119}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{armstrong2014} \end{citebib} \noindent The editor and title of the volume precede the editor and title of the collection. In standard notes and bibliographies, \textit{CMOS} gives you the option of reversing this order. (See especially \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.119}, \ref{14.121}, and \ref{14.122}, and compare \ref{14.144} and \ref{15.41}.) Windy City does as well with the entry or preamble option \opt{swapvol}. \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite{armstrong2014} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} In contexts where information for just one title appears (certain short citations), the one with priority determines which one identifies the work. By default, as you can see in the second note below, the volume has priority: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite{armstrong2014} \item \cite[45]{armstrong2014} \end{citenobib} \noindent Whereas with \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite{armstrong2014} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[45]{armstrong2014} \end{citenobib} Notice the volume number in the second note above, separated from the page by a colon. When the collection has priority, the volume number should appear in the citation. There are enough examples in \textit{CMOS} to make that clear. But when the volume has priority, the volume number is at best optional but probably incorrect. (It could cause confusion, since the collection is what comes in volumes, not the volumes themselves.) In any event, Windy City prints the volume number only when the collection has priority, that is, when \opt{swapvol} is \textit{true}. If you want collections to have priority in every case, use the \opt{swapvol} preamble option, which acts globally. More likely, though, you'll want to give priority to the collection when citing some works but not others. In those cases, use the \opt{swapvol} entry option. A good candidate for the latter is this example from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.118}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite*{james1963.5} \end{citebib} \noindent The volume's title (\textit{1883--1884}) merely indicates a portion of the collection, somewhat like the volume of an encyclopedia with the title \textit{D–F}. There's nothing wrong with putting it first. But putting it second seems more intuitive. For other works, \opt{swapvol} may seem like a poor choice, even if the output is formally correct: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite{barrows1959} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \noindent Having the editor's name first and the author's name after the volume's title looks odd. But it's not wrong. The volume's author didn't write every volume of the collection. In giving priority to the collection, then, the first position, where an author's name normally goes, should go to the collection's editor, not to the volume's author. By contrast, the default output looks more familiar: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{barrows1959} \end{citebib} One drawback of \opt{swapvol} is that some works changed by it won't sort correctly in a bibliography without help. The affected works include those without listed authors and those in which the volume has an author but the collection as a whole doesn't---and possibly others. You can fix them by adding a \bibfield{sortname} field to their bibliography database entries. This drawback shouldn't affect \bibfield{bookinbook}, \bibfield{inbook}, \bibfield{incollection}, or \bibfield{letter} entries when they're cross-referenced to works that are changed by \opt{swapvol}. They should have their own authors or titles that Windy City can use for proper sorting. It seems that \textit{CMOS} gives exactly one such example in \ref{14.120}: \begin{citebib} \item \cite[169--71]{king2014} \item \cite[170]{king2014} \end{citebib} \noindent Here's the output with the preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[169--71]{king2014} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[170]{king2014} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} In neither case does Windy City print the volume number before the page reference. That's because, with or without \opt{swapvol}, the citation is directly to the work's title, not to the collection. The same goes for articles, chapters, books, and other works of this type. Further, consistent with \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.108} and \ref{15.42}, Windy City cross-references previously cited volumes. % Due to 'mincrossrefs=2', jones2018 would be added automatically to % the bibliography at the end of the document because it's referenced % twice below. However, it wouldn't appear in the refsegment without % using \nocite. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[56]{doe2018} \item \cite[128]{adams2018} \nocite{jones2018} \end{citebib} \noindent Now with \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[56]{doe2018} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[128]{adams2018} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \nocite{jones2018} \end{citebib} How does Windy City determine which entries in a bibliography database work with \opt{swapvol}? To keep things simple, let's focus on individual volumes of a collection, rather than works collected in them, like articles and chapters. Below are entries for an earlier example: \begin{verbatim} @InBook{armstrong2014, editor = {Armstrong, Tenisha}, title = {To Save the Soul of America, January 1961–August 1962}, shorttitle = {To Save the Soul of America}, volume = {7}, year = {2014}, crossref = {carson1992} } @Collection{carson1992, editor = {Carson, Clayborne}, title = {The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.}, volumes = {14}, address = {Berkeley}, publisher = {University of California Press}, year = {1992–} } \end{verbatim} A \bibtype{bookinbook} or \bibtype{inbook} entry for a volume works with \opt{swapvol} if it has a \bibfield{title}, a \bibfield{volume}, and another \bibfield{title} inherited from a cross-referenced entry, and if it lacks certain fields that it shouldn't have, such as a \bibfield{maintitle} field or a \bibfield{volume} field inherited from the cross-referenced entry. You can find the exact details in \file{windycity.bbx}. Just remember that entries like these should always be cross-referenced to a \bibtype{collection} or to one of its aliases. Since Windy City treats them the same, it makes no difference whether you designate entries for volumes as \bibtype{bookinbook} or \bibtype{inbook}. With one exception, you can get the same output with a \bibtype{book}, \bibtype{collection}, \bibtype{mvbook}, or \bibtype{mvcollection} entry. Here's a counterpart to the previous example using \bibtype{collection}: \begin{verbatim} @Collection{carson2014, editor = {Armstrong, Tenisha}, title = {To Save the Soul of America, January 1961–August 1962}, volume = {7}, maintitle = {The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr.}, editora = {Carson, Clayborne}, editoratype = {maintitle}, volumes = {14}, address = {Berkeley}, publisher = {University of California Press}, year = {2014} } \end{verbatim} These entry types work with \opt{swapvol} if they have \bibfield{volume} and \bibfield{maintitle} fields, among other conditions. You may prefer them over \bibfield{bookinbook} or \bibfield{inbook} entries if you only intend to cite one volume of the collection and have no need to cite the collection as a whole. You risk trouble, though, if the volumes of the collection have different publication dates, as they do for \textit{The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr}. If the publication information for this volume goes last, the bibliography and long citation should list the publication date as \textit{2014}. If the publication information for the collection goes last, that date is \textit{1992–}. A \bibtype{book} or \bibtype{collection} entry, however, has just one field for a publication date, so using \opt{swapvol} on \bibfield{carson2014} would print \textit{2014}, not \textit{1992–}. Otherwise, the entry types are interchangeable. You can find examples of both approaches in \file{windycity.bib}. Certain entries cross-referenced to entries that work with \opt{swapvol} also work with it. Those entry types are limited to \bibtype{bookinbook}, \bibtype{inbook}, \bibtype{incollection}, or \bibtype{letter}. For the letter cited above: \begin{verbatim} @Letter{king2014, author = {King, Jr., Martin Luther}, title = {Unpublished letter to the editor of the \emph{Afro-American} (Washington, DC)}, crossref = {armstrong2014} } \end{verbatim} \noindent You may cross-reference this entry to \bibfield{armstrong2014} or \bibfield{carson2014}. The only difference is that, with \opt{swapvol}, cross-referencing to \bibfield{carson2014} once more gives the wrong publication date for the collection. With many collections, this wouldn't be an issue. Convenience, then, is perhaps the only consideration in choosing how you do it. If you plan to cite more than one volume of a collection, and different works in those volumes or the collection as a whole, cross-referencing to \bibtype{bookinbook} or \bibtype{inbook} entries is probably simpler. The other way is simpler if you plan to cite just one work in one volume. As mentioned in \textit{CMOS} \ref{15.41}, reference lists should give priority to the volume, not to the collection. Nevertheless, Windy City doesn't prevent you from using \opt{swapvol} with \opt{reflist}. (If you do use them together, it's best to choose the \opt{swapvol} entry option, which does a better job at formatting and sorting works in reference lists than the \opt{swapvol} preamble option.) Either way, remember that when a volume and a collection have different publication dates, a reference list entry prints both dates, which in turn requires you to use the \bibtype{bookinbook} or \bibtype{inbook} approach. \begin{refonly} \nocite{armstrong2014} \end{refonly} A final issue concerns whether you want long citations to give a work's total number of volumes. Whereas entries in a bibliography almost always give that number (the exceptions are those that work with \opt{swapvol}), doing so in notes is optional (per \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.118}). Here's what Windy City does: Apart from entries that work with \opt{swapvol}, it prints the \bibfield{volumes} field in long citations only if the \bibfield{postnote} field is empty. That's not a requirement of \textit{CMOS}. But there are several reasons for preferring this approach. If the \bibfield{postnote} is empty, printing the total preserves the correspondence between the long citation and its entry in the bibliography. This prevents the appearance that something has gone wrong when an element in one is missing from the other. If the \bibfield{postnote} isn't empty, it likely contains information that, as with page references, should also include a volume number (see section \ref{multivolume}). Including a volume number makes it less important, arguably, to include the total number of volumes. The main benefit, anyway, is that Windy City's approach is consistent with citations of \textit{The Lisle Letters} in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.117} and \ref{14.118}. No simpler rule would be. Confused? All you need to know is that, barring exceptions for \opt{swapvol}, if you want to print a work's total number of volumes without regard to the \bibfield{postnote}, use the entry option \opt{listvols}. Windy City uses it to match some examples in \textit{CMOS}, such as in \ref{14.59}: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite[1:126]{shurtleff1853} \end{citenobib} \subsection{Collections as Single Works} \label{multivolume} Although its discussion is a bit obscure, \textit{CMOS} treats some multivolume collections as single works---but only, it seems, if every volume of the collection has the same title and publication date. To illustrate the distinction between a collection that counts as a single work and one that doesn't, \textit{CMOS} gives the following examples in \ref{14.118}: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite[4:243]{byrne1981} \item \cite*[32--33]{james1963.5} \item \cite[4:245]{byrne1981} \item \cite*[34]{james1963.5} \end{citenobib} In citations of \textit{The Lisle Letters}, volume numbers and pages are separated by a colon. With \textit{The Complete Tales of Henry James}, only the second citation follows this pattern. In the first, the volume number appears earlier, after the editor's name. Why? Apparently, \textit{The Lisle Letters} is a single, multivolume work because every volume has the same title and publication date. Not so \textit{The Complete Tales of Henry James}. Its volumes have different titles and publication dates. To get the right output, your bibliography database and citations need to reflect this distinction. Think of it this way: If a multivolume collection meets the criteria of a single work (all volumes have the same title and publication date), your bibliography database should have just one entry to which all citations of the collection refer, regardless of whether they cite particular volumes or the collection as a whole. Here's the entry for \textit{The Lisle Letters}: \begin{verbatim} @Collection{byrne1981, editor = {Byrne, Muriel St. Clare}, title = {The Lisle Letters}, volumes = {6}, address = {Chicago}, publisher = {University of Chicago Press}, year = {1981} } \end{verbatim} To cite a particular volume of the collection, include the volume number in the citation's \bibfield{postnote}. For citations of pages, remember the format from \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.118}: Volume numbers and pages are separated with a colon. Here's the source for the first citation of \textit{The Lisle Letters}: \begin{verbatim} \cite[4:243]{byrne1981} \end{verbatim} \noindent To cite a volume by itself, without a page reference, or to cite chapters, sections, and other parts of the work, remember to use the appropriate abbreviations (for some examples, see \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.120}, 15.23, and \ref{15.41}): \begin{verbatim} \cite[vol. 3, chap. 9]{byrne1981} \end{verbatim} What if the \bibfield{postnote} is empty? Windy City assumes that you mean to cite the collection as a whole. As such, the first, long citation of the work prints the collection's total number of volumes. Subsequent entries indicate the collection in whatever short form corresponds to the preamble options. The following shows the default output for two such citations of the collection: \begin{citenobib} \item \cite{byrne1981} \item \cite{byrne1981} \end{citenobib} For collections like \textit{The Complete Tales of Henry James}, which don't count as single works, every volume needs to have its own entry in the bibliography database. Here's the entry for the volume cited in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.118}: \begin{verbatim} @Collection{james1963.5, options = {swapvol}, author = {James, Henry}, title = {1883–1884}, volume = {5}, maintitle = {The Complete Tales of Henry James}, shortmaintitle = {Complete Tales of Henry James}, editor = {Edel, Leon}, editortype = {maintitle}, volumes = {12}, address = {London}, publisher = {Rupert Hart-Davis}, year = {1963} } \end{verbatim} Since the volume number is part of the entry and needs to print in different places depending on the context, don't include it in the \bibfield{postnote}. Let Windy City handle it. Below is the source for the first and second citations of \textit{The Complete Tales of Henry James}: \begin{verbatim} \item \cite*[32--33]{james1963.5} ... \item \cite*[34]{james1963.5} \end{verbatim} \noindent The first citation prints the volume number after the editor's name, long before the \bibfield{postnote}. The second prints it just before the \bibfield{postnote}, separated from the page by a colon: \begin{citenobib} \item[2.] \cite*[32--33]{james1963.5} \item[\ldots] \item[4.] \cite*[34]{james1963.5} \end{citenobib} Neither type of collection uses cross-referencing in the bibliography database. For \textit{The Lisle Letters}, cross-referencing would introduce needless complexity. A single work should have a single entry, not multiple, cross-referenced entries. For \textit{The Complete Tales of Henry James}, cross-referencing would result in errors because, with different titles and publication dates, not all publication data for the collection is true of each volume. To cite the collection as a whole, as in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.117}, add a separate entry: \begin{verbatim} @Collection{james1962, author = {James, Henry}, title = {The Complete Tales of Henry James}, shorttitle = {Complete Tales of Henry James}, editor = {Edel, Leon}, volumes = {12}, address = {London}, publisher = {Rupert Hart-Davis}, year = {1962–64} } \end{verbatim} \subsection{Works \textit{in} Volumes or \textit{as} Volumes} Many examples so far show the use of the \bibfield{volume} field. What they don't quite show is that, as with editors and translators, Windy City associates \bibfield{volume} with an entry's lowest level title. Usually, this doesn't require any thought when preparing a bibliography database. The \bibfield{volume} field goes where you'd expect it to. But if you're not careful, you could end up with errors, especially when citing books in collections. \begin{verbatim} @InBook{spinoza1900.1.1, title = {A Theological-Political Treatise}, crossref = {spinoza1900.1} } @Collection{spinoza1900.1, author = {Spinoza, Benedict de}, title = {The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza}, edition = {revised}, translator = {Elwes, R. H. M.}, volume = {1}, address = {London}, publisher = {George Bell {and} Sons}, year = {1900} } \end{verbatim} In the entries above, Windy City associates \bibfield{volume} with \textit{The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza}, not with \textit{A Theological-Political Treatise}. The latter, it assumes, isn't volume one of the collection but a work contained \textit{in} volume one, presumably with other works. Windy City formats the citation accordingly: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{spinoza1900.1.1} \end{citebib} \noindent If \bibfield{volume} were within the scope of \bibfield{spinoza1900.1.1}, Windy City would assume that \textit{A Theological-Political Treatise} is volume one of \textit{The Chief Works of Benedict de Spinoza}. The same error would occur if you put all the data for the citation into a \bibfield{collection} entry. Windy City would associate \bibfield{volume} with \bibfield{title}, not with \bibfield{maintitle}. The upshot is that correctly citing a work like this requires cross-referencing an \bibtype{inbook} or \bibtype{bookinbook} entry to a \bibtype{collection}, \bibtype{book}, \bibtype{mvbook}, or \bibtype{mvcollection} entry. (Again, the alternatives give the same output.) Only then would Windy City associate \bibfield{volume} with the right \bibfield{title}. \section{Examples from \emph{CMOS} Chap. 14, ``Notes and Bibliography''} \label{notes} Examples in this section reproduce those in \textit{CMOS} chapter 14. To help with cross-checking, subsection numbers and headings are from \textit{CMOS}. \titleformat{\subsubsection}{\normalsize\it}{\arabic{subsection}.\arabic{subsubsection}}{2ex}{} \subsection{Basic Format, with Examples and Variations} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{22} \subsubsection{Notes and bibliography—examples and variations} % 14.23 Notes and bibliography—examples and variations \label{14.23} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[87-88]{strayed2012} \item \cite[261, 265]{strayed2012} \item \cite[32]{daum2015} \item \cite[134--35]{daum2015} \item \cite[188]{grazer2015} \item \cite[190]{grazer2015} \item \cite[242--55]{garcia1988} \item \cite[33]{garcia1988} \item \cite[310]{gould1984a} \item \cite[309]{gould1984a} \item \cite[484--85]{bagley2015} \item \cite[501]{bagley2015} \item \cite[311]{liu2015} \item \cite[312]{liu2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{1} \subsection{Notes} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{29} \subsubsection{Basic structure of the short form} % 14.30: Basic structure of the short form \label{14.30} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[24--25]{morley1995} \item \cite{schwartz1992} \item \cite{kaiser1964} \item \cite[43]{morley1995} \item \cite[138]{schwartz1992} \item \cite[189--90]{kaiser1964} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{33} \subsubsection{Shortened citations versus ``ibid''} % 14.34: \label{14.34} On short citations and the \opt{short} and \opt{ibid} preamble options, see sections \ref{short} and \ref{preamble}. \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[3]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[24--26]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[401-2]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[433]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[37--38]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[403]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[152]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[201-2]{diaz2007} \AtNextMultiCite{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cites[240]{morrison2004b}[32]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[33]{morrison2004a} \end{citenobib} \noindent With options \opt{short} and \opt{ibid}: \begin{citenobib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[3]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}\toggletrue{ibidpage}} \item \cite[18]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[24--26]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[401-2]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[433]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cite[37--38]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[403]{morrison2004b} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[152]{diaz2007} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{ibid}} \item \cite[201-2]{diaz2007} \AtNextMultiCite{\toggletrue{short}\toggletrue{shortfirst}} \item \cites[240]{morrison2004b}[32]{morrison2004a} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{short}} \item \cite[33]{morrison2004a} \end{citenobib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{53} \subsubsection{Source notes for previously published material} % 14.54 Source notes for previously published material \begin{citebib} \item \cite[Reprinted with permission from][15–64]{shapin1996} \item \cite*[Originally published as][22–69, © 1992 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission]{manet1992} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{56} \subsubsection{Several citations in one note} % 14.57 Several citations in one note \label{14.57} See section \ref{idemcite} for information on how to reproduce this example. \begin{quote} Only when we gather the work of several scholars---Walter Sutton's explications of some of Whitman's shorter poems; Paul Fussell's careful study of structure in ``Cradle''; S. K. Coffman's close readings of ``Crossing Brooklyn Ferry'' and ``Passage to India''; and the attempts of Thomas I. Rountree and John Lovell, dealing with ``Song of Myself'' and ``Passage to India,'' respectively, to elucidate the strategy in ``indirection''---do we begin to get a sense of both the extent and the specificity of Whitman's forms.\footnotemark[1] \end{quote} \begin{citenobib} \item \idemcites{sutton1959,fussell1962,coffman1954,coffman1955,rountree1958}[and][]{lovell1960} \end{citenobib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{58} \subsubsection{Abbreviations for frequently cited works} % 14.59 Abbreviations for frequently cited works \label{14.59} For information on shorthands, see section \ref{stdfields}. \begin{citebib} % There's no way to suppress these fields in the bibliography: %\AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{origtitle}% % \clearlist{origlocation}% % \clearlist{origpublisher}% % \clearfield{origyear}} %\item \cite[368]{furet1999} \item \cite[1:126]{shurtleff1853} \item \cite[2:330]{shurtleff1853} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{67} \subsubsection{The 3-em dash for one repeated name} % 14.68 The 3-em dash for one repeated name A 3-em dash replaces names in the author's position of a citation in consecutive citations on the same page. Thus, whether the example below exactly reproduces that in \textit{CMOS} 14.68 depends in part on whether a page break falls somewhere within the list. \begin{bibonly} \nocite{judt1996,judt2008,judt1989,squire1983,squire1987} \end{bibonly} \setcounter{subsection}{2} \subsection{Author's Name} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{74} \subsubsection{One author} % 14.75 One author \begin{citebib} \item \cite[33]{shields2013} \item \cite[677]{chun2015} \item \cite[5]{mccune2014} \item \cite[100--101]{shields2013} \item \cite[681]{chun2015} \item \cite[105--11]{mccune2014} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Two or more authors (or editors)} % 14.76 Two or more authors (or editors) \label{14.76} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[xvi]{sorrells2015} \item \cite[20--21]{levitt2005} \item \cite[422]{umbers2015} \item \cite[xx-xxi]{sorrells2015} \item \cite[158]{gmuca2015} \item \cite[160]{gmuca2015} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Two or more authors (or editors) with same family name} % 14.77 Two or more authors (or editors) with same family name \begin{citebib} \item \cite[14]{kendris2010} \item \cite[27--28]{kendris2010} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Author's name in title} % 14.78 Author's name in title \label{14.78} On the use of starred citation commands, see section \ref{std.cmd}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite*[233]{franklin1868} \item \cite*[234]{franklin1868} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{No listed author (anonymous works)} % 14.79 No listed author (anonymous works) \label{14.79} See section \ref{stdfields} on the use of the \bibfield{authortype} field for anonymous works. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{anon1610} \item \cite{anon1547} \item \cite{horsley1796} \item \cite{hawkes1834} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Pseudonyms} % 14.80 Pseudonyms \begin{citebib} \item \cite{akmuckraker2008} \item \cite{carre1982} \item \cite{stendhal1925} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Cross-references for pseudonyms} % 14.81 Cross-references for pseudonyms \label{14.81} For information on how to add entries that cross-reference others, see section \ref{entrytypes}. For examples of automatic cross-referencing in a bibliography, see \ref{14.108} and \ref{15.42}. \begin{bibonly} \nocite{ashe,creasey1976,creasey1978,creasey1966,morton,york} \end{bibonly} \subsubsection{Alternative real names} % 14.82 Alternative real names \label{14.82} For information on how to get the last entry below, see section \ref{entrytypes}. \begin{bibonly} \nocite{doniger2000,oflaherty} \end{bibonly} \subsubsection{Authors known by a given name} % 14.83 Authors known by a given name \begin{citebib} \item \cite{elizabeth2000} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Organization as author} % 14.84 Organization as author \label{14.84} If an organization is the work's author, remember to add an extra pair of brackets around the name of the organization in your bibliography database. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{iso1997} \AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{shorthand}} \item \cite{chicago2017} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{3} \subsection{Title of Work} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{88} \subsubsection{Subtitles in cited works and the use of the colon} % 14.89 Subtitles in cited works and the use of the colon \begin{citebib} \item \cite{gladwell2013} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Two subtitles in a cited work} % 14.90 Two subtitles in a cited work \begin{citebib} \item \cite{sereny1999} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{91} \subsubsection{``And other stories'' and such} % 14.92 ``And other stories'' and such \begin{citebib} \item \cite[104]{maclean1976} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Dates in titles of cited works} % 14.93 Dates in titles of cited works \begin{citebib} \item \cite{beiser2014} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Quoted titles and other terms within cited titles of works} % 14.94 Quoted titles and other terms within cited titles of works \begin{citebib} \item \cite{levitt2014} \item \cite{mchugh1980} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Italicized titles and other terms within cited titles of works} % 14.95 Italicized titles and other terms within cited titles of works \begin{citebib} \item \cite{vanwagenen1973} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Question marks or exclamation points in titles of cited works} % 14.96 Question marks or exclamation points in titles of cited works \begin{citebib} \item \cite[63]{berra2002} \item \cite[183]{oram2007} \item \cite[778]{tessler2014} \item \cite[336]{batson1990} \item \cite[55--56]{berra2002} \item \cite[184]{oram2007} \item \cite[780]{tessler2014} \item \cite[337]{batson1990} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{98} \subsubsection{Translated titles of cited works} % 14.99 Translated titles of cited works \label{14.99} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{wereszycki1977}; includes a summary in German. \item \cite[272]{kern1938} \item \cite{pirumova1977b} %\AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{shorthand}} \item \cite{furet1999} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{4} \subsection{Books} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{100} \subsubsection{Form of author's name and title of book in source citations} % 14.101 Form of author’s name and title of book in source citations \begin{citebib} \item \cite[79--80]{gawande2014} \item \cite[191]{gawande2014} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{102} \subsubsection{Editor in place of author} % 14.103 Editor in place of author \label{14.103} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[100]{egan2014} \item \cite[33]{schechter2011} \item \cite[34]{silverstein1974} \item \cite[301--2]{egan2014} \item \cite[54--56]{schechter2011} \item \cite[38]{silverstein1974} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Editor or translator in addition to author} % 14.104 Editor or translator in addition to author \label{14.104} On how to make an author and editor swap places, see section \ref{editors:swap}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{bonnefoy1995} \item \cite{menchu1999} \item \cite{adorno1999} \item \cite{pound1953} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Other contributors listed on the title page} % 14.105 Other contributors listed on the title page \label{14.105} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{chaucer1966} \item \cite{cullen1961} \item \cite{hayek1994} \item \cite{prather1998} \item \cite{williams1990} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Chapter in a single-author book} % 14.106 Chapter in a single-author book \begin{citebib} \item \cite[211]{brower2015.8} \item \cite{samples2006.7} \item \cite[30-31]{samples2006.7} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Contribution to a multiauthor book} % 14.107 Contribution to a multiauthor book \begin{citebib} \item \cite[325]{miller2014} \item \cite{ellet1968} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Several contributions to the same multiauthor book} % 14.108 Several contributions to the same multiauthor book \label{14.108} % Due to 'mincrossrefs=2', angle1968 and zukowsky1987 would be added % automatically to the bibliography at the end of the document because % each is referenced twice below. However, they wouldn't appear in the % refsegment without using \nocite. % Unlike article entries, incollection entries don't automatically % print page ranges. That seems right, though CMOS isn't entirely % clear on this point. See note for 'cite:pages' in windycity.cbx. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[84--87]{keating1968} \item \cite[362--70]{lippincott1968} \item \cite[107--19]{draper1987} \item \cite[189--207]{harrington1987} \nocite{angle1968,zukowsky1987} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Book-length work within a book} % 14.109 Book-length work within a book \label{14.109} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{bernard1990a} \item \cite{updike1995a} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Introductions, prefaces, afterwords, and the like} % 14.110 Introductions, prefaces, afterwords, and the like % The bibliography database entry for Toni Morrison's foreword to % \textit{Song of Solomon} doesn't list a page range. Unlike the % second example, which shows an introduction by authors different % than that of the main text, it doesn't need to. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{morrison2004b.f} \item \cite{mansfield2000} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Letters in published collections} % 14.111 Letters in published collections \begin{citebib} \item \cite[133--34]{adams1867} \item \cite{jackson1676} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{112} \subsubsection{Editions other than the first} % 14.113 Editions other than the first \begin{citebib} \item \cite[401--2]{einsohn2011} \item \cite[101]{boudett2013} \item \cite{strunk2000} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Reprint editions and modern editions} % 14.114 Reprint editions and modern editions \label{14.114} % You can have at most one \bibfield{origdate} per entry. So, if you % cite a work in a collection, say, an article or book in an % anthology, the style assumes that \bibfield{origdate} is for the % collection, not for the individual work. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[152--53]{barzun1994} \item \cite{bahadur2014} % CMOS prints the original date in the wrong place: %\item \cite{emerson1985} \item \cite{schweitzer1966} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Microform editions} % 14.115 Microform editions Farwell's citation fails to match \textit{CMOS} because the \bibfield{howpublished} field, which seems like the best choice to contain \textit{microfiche}, follows the \bibfield{postnote} field, which contains \textit{p. 67, 3C12}. This order is necessary elsewhere, such as in \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.163}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[p. 67, 3C12]{farwell1997} \item \cite{tauber1958} \end{citebib} \noindent Citing Farwell with the preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[p. 67, 3C12]{farwell1997} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{116} \subsubsection{Citing a multivolume work as a whole} % 14.117 Citing a multivolume work as a whole \label{14.117} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{aristotle1983} \item \cite{byrne1981} \item \cite{james1962} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Citing a particular volume in a note} % 14.118 Citing a particular volume in a note \label{14.118} For a discussion of how to handle these types of works, see section \ref{multivolume}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[4:243]{byrne1981} \item \cite*[32--33]{james1963.5} \item \cite[4:245]{byrne1981} \item \cite*[34]{james1963.5} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Citing a particular volume in a bibliography} % 14.119 Citing a particular volume in a bibliography \label{14.119} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{armstrong2014} \end{citebib} \noindent With preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite{armstrong2014} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Chapters and other parts of individual volumes} % 14.120 Chapters and other parts of individual volumes \label{14.120} There are some peculiarities with the first example. In the printed edition, but not online, \textit{CMOS} errs in having \textit{.ed} rather than \textit{edited by} in the bibliography and neglects to invert the author's name. More worrisome are the striking differences between the note and bibliography. They may represent alternative ways of formatting the data, as other examples do. But the note seems inconsistent with \textit{CMOS} \ref{14.118}, and so doesn't make much sense as an alternative. Windy City ignores it and in both cases follows the example of the bibliography. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[180]{chen2010.3} \item \cite[169--71]{king2014} \end{citebib} \noindent Citing King with the preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[169--71]{king2014} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{One volume in two or more books} % 14.121 One volume in two or more books \label{14.121} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[351]{lach1977} \item \cite{harley1994} \end{citebib} \noindent With preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite[351]{lach1977} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite{harley1994} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Authors and editors of multivolume works} % 14.122 Authors and editors of multivolume works \label{14.122} For issues surrounding the first example below, see section \ref{collorder}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{barrows1959} \item \cite{donne1995} \end{citebib} \noindent With preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: % As explained in \ref{collorder}, works like barrows1959 sort % correctly in the default format but incorrectly with the option % 'swapvol'. The point of '\newrefcontext' below is to work around % this problem. \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite{barrows1959} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite*{donne1995} \newrefcontext[sorting=reverse] \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \newrefcontext[sorting=nty] \subsubsection{Series titles, numbers, and editors} % 14.123 Series titles, numbers, and editors \label{14.123} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{lei2014} \item \cite{mazrim2011} \item \cite{wauchope1950} \item \cite{allen2009} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Series or multivolume work?} % 14.124 Series or multivolume work? In the second example, \textit{vol. 6} refers to the book's series, Readings in Western Civilization. Usually, the number of a series isn't recorded as a volume, so Windy City doesn't use the \bibfield{volume} field for them. Instead, it uses the \bibfield{number} field, which it prints with no preceding abbreviation. Add one to the field as necessary. The \bibfield{number} field for the second example below contains \textit{vol. 6}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{boyer1986} \item \cite{cochrane1987} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{125} \subsubsection{``Old series'' and ``new series''} % 14.126 ``Old series'' and ``new series'' \label{14.126} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{boxer1953} \item \cite{palmatary1950} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Place, publisher, and date} % 14.127 Place, publisher, and date \begin{citebib} \item \cite{woolf1927} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Place and date only, for books published before 1900} % 14.128 Place and date only, for books published before 1900 \begin{citebib} \item \cite{goldsmith1766} \item \cite{cervantes1605} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{131} \subsubsection{No place of publication} % 14.132 No place of publication \label{14.132} To insert \textit{n.p.} (for \textit{no place}), you need to use the entry option \opt{noplace}. See section \ref{entry}. \begin{citenobib} %\begin{itemize}[before=\small,itemindent=0ex] \item[] \cite{windsor1910} \item[] \cite{vliet1890} \end{citenobib} %\end{itemize} \setcounter{subsubsection}{136} \subsubsection{Self-published or privately published books} % 14.137 Self-published or privately published books \begin{citebib} \item \cite{karavaev2015} \item \cite{shumaker2014} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{139} \subsubsection{Copublication} % 14.140 Copublication \begin{citebib} \item \cite{strauss1962} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Distributed books} % 14.141 Distributed books \begin{citebib} \item \cite{willke2007} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Publication Date---General} % 14.142 Publication Date---General \label{14.142} \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{shorthand}} %\item \cite[6.56; cf. 16th ed. (2010), 6.54]{chicago2017} \item \cite*[6.56]{chicago2017}; cf. 16th ed. \parencite*{chicago2010}, 6.54. \item \cite{turabian2013} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{143} \subsubsection{Multivolume works published over more than one year} % 14.144 Multivolume works published over more than one year \label{14.144} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[329]{hayek2011} \item \cite{tillich1951} \end{citebib} \noindent Citing Hayek with the preamble or entry option \opt{swapvol}: \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \item \cite*[329]{hayek2011} \AtNextBibliography{\toggletrue{swapvol}} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{No date of publication} % 14.145 No date of publication \begin{bibonly} \nocite{boston,edinburgh1750,edinburgh} \end{bibonly} \subsubsection{Forthcoming publications} % 14.146 Forthcoming publications \label{14.146} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{author} \item \cite[345--46]{writer} \item \cite{contributor} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{158} \subsubsection{Books requiring a specific application or device (e-books)} % 14.159 Books requiring a specific application or device (e-books) \begin{citebib} \item \cite{borel2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{160} \subsubsection{Books consulted online} % 14.161 Books consulted online The first and third notes below present a challenge: If a bibliography database entry contains an address for a work, such as a DOI, Windy City prints it in the work's first, long citation. Such is the case with the second note below. To cite an address for just part of a work, but print one for the whole work in the bibliography, you need to override the style's default behavior. The first and third notes do this with a command that temporarily clears the work's DOI from its bibliography database entry. Here's an example from the source: \begin{verbatim} \AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{doi}} \item \cite[chap. 3, \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/ 9780199343638.003.0004}]{bonds2014} \end{verbatim} \begin{citebib} \AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{doi}} \item \cite[chap. 3, \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0004}]{bonds2014} \item \cite[59]{lystra2004} \AtNextCitekey{\clearfield{doi}} \item \cite[chap. 11, \url{https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199343638.003.0012}]{bonds2014} \item \cite[60--61]{lystra2004} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Freely available electronic editions of older works} % 14.162 Freely available electronic editions of older works The first example comes close to \textit{CMOS}, except that, consistent with \ref{14.114} and \ref{15.40}, it lists the edition by Project Gutenberg as a reprint. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[bk. 6, chap. 1]{james2008} \item \cite[1:243]{james1909} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Books on CD-ROM and other fixed media} % 14.163 Books on CD-ROM and other fixed media \label{14.163} \begin{citebib} \item \cite*[1.4]{chicago2003} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{5} \subsection{Periodicals} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{170} \subsubsection{Journal volume, issue, and date} % 14.171 Journal volume, issue, and date \label{14.171} The note for Harper includes the month of publication. Windy City includes it in the bibliography as well, even though \textit{CMOS} omits it. As for Lock's entry, \textit{CMOS} clearly errs in printing the surname twice. Also, for Wilder's article, Windy City prints \textit{nos.} before \textit{1/2}, not \textit{no.}, as \textit{CMOS} has it. To print the correct season, Wilder's entry in the bibliography database includes \textit{Fall} in the \bibfield{issue} field. Using the \bibfield{date} field with \textit{2013-23} would print \textit{Autumn 2013}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[155]{lock2015} \item \cite[651]{wesoky2015} \item \cite[645]{harper2014} \item \cite[60]{wilder2013} \item \cite[52]{beattie1974} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Forthcoming journal articles} % 14.172 Forthcoming journal articles \label{14.172} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{authora} \item \cite{jubb2015} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Journal article preprints} % 14.173 Journal article preprints \label{14.173} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{huang2015} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Journal page references} % 14.174 Journal page references \begin{citebib} \item \cite{gold2015} \item \cite[2--3]{paudyal2015} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Journal articles consulted online} % 14.175 Journal articles consulted online \begin{citebib} \item \cite[268]{whitney1929} \item \cite[260--61]{schoenfield2016} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Access dates for journal articles} % 14.176 Access dates for journal articles \begin{citebib} \item \cite[81]{narr2015} \item \cite[88--89]{narr2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{177} \subsubsection{Journal special issues} % 14.178 Journal special issues \begin{citebib} \item \cite{tezuka2013} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{179} \subsubsection{Articles published in installments} % 14.180 Articles published in installments By default, Windy City prints each installment as a separate entry. To get the format for the series, you'd need to use the \bibtype{misc} entry type. \begin{citebib} \item \cite[312]{brown1978} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{181} \subsubsection{Place where journal is published} % 14.182 Place where journal is published \begin{citebib} \item \cite[65--70]{luu1999} \item \cite{garrett1975} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Translated or edited article} % 14.183 Translated or edited article \begin{citebib} \item \cite{authorb} \item \cite{authorc} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{New series for journal volumes} % 14.184 New series for journal volumes \label{14.184} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[414]{sewall1896} \item \cite{moraes1950} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Short titles for articles} % 14.185 Short titles for articles \begin{citebib} \item \cite[223]{rosenblum2015} \item \cite[225]{rosenblum2015} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Abstracts} % 14.186 Abstracts \begin{citebib} \item \cite{matute2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{187} \subsubsection{Basic citation format for magazine articles} % 14.188 Basic citation format for magazine articles \begin{citebib} \item \cite[48]{saulnier2008} \item \cite[59]{lepore2015} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Magazine articles consulted online} % 14.189 Magazine articles consulted online \begin{citebib} \item \cite{vick2015} \item \cite[5]{hanemann1926} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Magazine departments} % 14.190 Magazine departments \begin{citebib} \item \cite{marx2015} \item \cite{wallraff2008} \item \cite{gourmet2000} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Basic citation format for newspaper articles} % 14.191 Basic citation format for newspaper articles \begin{citebib} \item \cite{editorial1990} \item \cite{royko1992} \item \cite{forester2000} \item \cite{samenow2016} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{194} \subsubsection{Regular columns or features} % 14.195 Regular columns or features \begin{citebib} \item \cite{jaffe2015} \item \cite{editorial2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{196} \subsubsection{Weekend supplements, magazines, and the like} % 14.197 Weekend supplements, magazines, and the like \begin{citebib} \item \cite[48]{ghansah2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{198} \subsubsection{Unsigned newspaper articles} % 14.199 Unsigned newspaper articles \begin{citebib} \item \cite{nytimes2002} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{News services and news releases} % 14.200 News services and news releases \begin{citebib} \item \cite{ap2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{201} \subsubsection{Book reviews} % 14.202 Book reviews \label{14.202} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[B13--B14]{ratliff1999} \item \cite{kamp2006} \item \cite{brehm2015} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{203} \subsubsection{Unsigned reviews} % 14.204 Unsigned reviews \label{14.204} On the use of the \bibfield{type} field to format this example correctly, see section \ref{stdfields}. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{zeitung1828} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{6} \subsection{Websites, Blogs, and Social Media} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{207} \subsubsection{Citing blog posts and blogs} % 14.208 Citing blog posts and blogs \label{14.208} In \textit{CMOS}, one citation refers to \textit{The Chronicle of Higher Education} and another to \textit{Chronicle of Higher Education}. The latter also appears in \ref{15.51}, so it's probably correct. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{amlen2015} \item \cite{germano2017} \item \cite{amlen} \item \cite{linguafranca} \item \cite{jim2017} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Citing social media content} % 14.209 Citing social media content \begin{citebib} \item \cite{diaz2016} \item \cite{obrien2015} \item \cite{chicago2015} \item \cite{licis2016} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Electronic mailing lists and forums} % 14.210 Electronic mailing lists and forums \label{14.210} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{powell1998} \item \cite{braun2016} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{7} \subsection{Papers, Contracts, and Reports} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{214} \subsubsection{Theses and dissertations} % 14.215 Theses and dissertations \begin{citebib} \item \cite[59]{vedrashko2006} \item \cite[v]{subacus2015} \item \cite{choi2008} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Unpublished manuscripts} % 14.216 Unpublished manuscripts \label{14.216} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{balderdash2017} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Lectures and papers or posters presented at meetings} % 14.217 Lectures and papers or posters presented at meetings \label{14.217} \begin{bibonly} \nocite{hong2015} \nocite{teplin2005} \end{bibonly} \subsubsection{Working papers and the like} % 14.218 Working papers and the like \label{14.218} \begin{citebib} \item \cite{lucki1980} \item \cite{bronfenbrenner2011} \item \cite{alarcon1771} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{219} \subsubsection{Pamphlets, reports, and the like} % 14.220 Pamphlets, reports, and the like \begin{citebib} \item \cite{lifestyles1996} \item \cite{mcdonalds2014} \item \cite[¶2,620]{standardtax1996} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{8} \subsection{Manuscript Collections} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{221} \subsubsection{Note forms versus bibliography entries} % 14.222 Note forms versus bibliography entries \label{14.222} \begin{citebib} \item \cite[Alvin Johnson, memorandum, 1937, file 36,][]{kallen} \item \cite[Revere's Waste and Memoranda Book (vol. 1, 1761--83; vol. 2, 1783--97),][]{revere} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{228} \subsubsection{Examples of note forms for manuscript collections} % 14.229 Examples of note forms for manuscript collections \label{14.229} \begin{citenobib} \item \cite[Burton to Merriam, telegram, 26 January 1923, box 26, folder 17,][]{merriam} \item \cite[Minutes of the Committee for Improving the Condition of the Free Blacks, Pennsylvania Abolition Society, 1790--1803,][]{pasociety} \item \cite[Louis Agassiz, report to the Committee of Overseers\ldots \mkbibbrackets{28 December 1859},][]{overseers} \item \cite[Gilbert McMicken to Alexander Morris, 29 November 1881, Glasgow (Scotland), Document 1359, fol. 1r,][MS-12-84]{morris} \item \cite[Daily Expenses, July 1787, images 7--8,][]{washington} \item \cite[Minutes, 15 April 1795,][]{pasociety} \end{citenobib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{229} \subsubsection{Examples of bibliography entries for manuscript collections} % 14.230 Examples of bibliography entries for manuscript collections \label{14.230} Examples with note forms in section \ref{14.229}: \begin{bibonly} \nocite{merriam,pasociety,overseers,morris,washington} \end{bibonly} \noindent Examples unique to this section: \begin{citebib} \item \cite{wonpr} \item \cite{dinkel} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsection}{9} \subsection{Special Types of References} \setcounter{subsection}{14} \setcounter{subsubsection}{231} \subsubsection{Reference works consulted in physical formats} % 14.232 Reference works consulted in physical formats \label{14.232} Some reference works show full publication information in the same way as books. Use the \bibtype{book} entry type for them. The first three citations below are different. They need the \bibtype{reference} or \bibtype{inreference} entry type. See section \ref{entrytypes} for more information. Following the suggestion in \textit{CMOS} 14.232, \bibtype{reference} and \bibtype{inreference} works don't appear in bibliographies. \begin{citebib} \item \cite{salvation1980} \item \cite{hootananny2009} \item \cite{dab1937} \item \cite[s.vv. \mkbibquote{police ranks}, \mkbibquote{postal addresses}]{timestyle2003} \item \cite[6.8.2]{mla2008} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Reference works consulted online} % 14.233 Reference works consulted online \label{14.233} Like some of the reference works in the previous section, the ones below need the \bibtype{reference} or \bibtype{inreference} entry type. As odd as it may seem, but consistent with \textit{CMOS}, they, too, aren't included in bibliographies. See section \ref{entrytypes} for more information. \begin{citenobib} \item \cite{toscanini2016} \item \cite{cairns2016} \item \cite{wikipedia2016} \item \cite{merriam2016} \end{citenobib} \subsubsection{Citing individual reference entries by author} % 14.234 Citing individual reference entries by author \begin{citebib} \item \cite{isaacson2005} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Citing paintings, photographs, and sculpture} % 14.235 Citing paintings, photographs, and sculpture \begin{citebib} \item \cite{dali1931} \item \cite{mccurry1984} \item \cite{picasso1942} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{245} \subsubsection{Citing specific editions of classical references} % 14.246 Citing specific editions of classical references \begin{citebib} \item \cite{epictetus1916} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{250} \subsubsection{Modern editions of the classics} % 14.251 Modern editions of the classics \begin{citebib} \item \cite{aristotle1983} \item \cite{maimonides1965} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{257} \subsubsection{Patents} % 14.258 Patents \begin{citebib} \item \cite{iizuka1986} \end{citebib} \subsubsection{Standards} % 14.259 Standards \begin{citebib} \item \cite[3.2.2]{niso2010} \item \cite{w3c2008} \end{citebib} \setcounter{subsubsection}{259} \subsubsection{Citations taken from secondary sources} % 14.260 Citations taken from secondary sources \begin{citebib} \item \cite[269]{zukofsky1931}, quoted in \cite[78]{costello1981} \end{citebib} \section{Examples from \emph{CMOS} Chap. 15, ``Author-Date References''} \label{paren} Examples in this section reproduce those in \textit{CMOS} chapter 15. To help with cross-checking, subsection numbers and headings are from \textit{CMOS}. Since parenthetical citations are relatively simple, and since the format of references lists is derivative of the default, the examples below are more selective than those in the previous section. \subsection{Basic Format, with Examples and Variations} \setcounter{subsection}{15} \setcounter{subsubsection}{8} \subsubsection{Author-date references—examples and variations} % 15.9 Author-date references—examples and variations \label{15.9} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite[87--88]{strayed2012} \item \parencite[32]{daum2015} \item \parencite[188]{grazer2015} \item \parencite[242--55]{garcia1988} \item \parencite[310]{gould1984a} \item \parencite[484--85]{bagley2015} \item \parencite[312]{liu2015} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsection}{1} \subsection{Reference Lists and Text Citations} \setcounter{subsection}{15} \setcounter{subsubsection}{13} \subsubsection{Placement of dates in reference list entries} % 15.14 Placement of dates in reference list entries \label{15.14} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{pager2015} \item \parencite{unger2014} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{19} \subsubsection{Reference list entries with same author(s), same year} % 15.20 Reference list entries with same author(s), same year \label{15.20} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite[218]{fogel2004b} \item \parencite[45--46]{fogel2004a} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{21} \subsubsection{Text citations---basic form} % 15.22 Text citations—basic form \label{15.22} Ignore the error in \textit{CMOS}: In reference lists, a title goes after the year, not before. \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{hetherington2015} \item \parencite{grove2015} \item \parencite{hetherington2015,grove2015} \end{citeref} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{doershuk2017} \item \parencite{doershuk2016} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{23} \subsubsection{Additional material in text citations} % 15.24 Additional material in text citations \begin{citenoref} \item \parencite[; t-tests are used here]{mandolan2017} \end{citenoref} \subsubsection{Text citations in relation to surrounding text and punctuation} % 15.25 Text citations in relation to surrounding text and punctuation \label{15.25} \begin{quote} Fiorina et al. \parencite*{fiorina2005} and Fischer and Hout \parencite*{fischer2006} reach more or less the same conclusions. In contrast, Abramowitz and Saunders \parencite*{abramowitz2005} suggest that the mass public is deeply divided between red states and blue states and between churchgoers and secular voters. \end{quote} \setcounter{subsubsection}{26} \subsubsection{Several references to the same source} % 15.27 Several references to the same source \begin{citenoref}% 'even\-tanned' prevents even--[break]tanned \item Complexion figures prominently in Morgan's descriptions. When Jasper compliments his mother's choice of car (a twelve-cylinder Mediterranean roadster with leather and wood-grained interior), ``his cheeks blotch indignantly, painted by jealousy and rage'' \parencite[47]{chaston2000}. On the other hand, his mother's mask never changes, her ``even\-tanned good looks'' \parencite[56]{chaston2000}, ``burnished visage'' \parencite[101]{chaston2000}, and ``air-brushed confidence'' \parencite[211]{chaston2000} providing the foil to the drama in her midst. \end{citenoref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{28} \subsubsection{Text citations of works with more than three authors} % 15.29 Text citations of works with more than three authors \begin{citenoref} \item \parencite{schonen2017a} \item \parencite{schonen2017b} \end{citenoref} \subsubsection{Multiple text references} % 15.30 Multiple text references \begin{citenoref} \item \parencite{armstrong1989,beigl1989,pickett1985} \item \parencites{whittaker1967,whittaker1975,wiens1989a,wiens1989b} \item \parencites[328]{wong1999}[475]{wong2000}[67]{garcia1998} \item \parencites{guest2006}[see also][]{stalle2008}{rahn2009} \end{citenoref} \setcounter{subsection}{2} \subsection{Author-Date References: Special Cases} \setcounter{subsection}{15} \setcounter{subsubsection}{33} \subsubsection{Author-date format for anonymous works (no listed author)} % 15.34 Author-date format for anonymous works (no listed author) \label{15.34} See section \ref{stdfields} on the use of the \bibfield{authortype} field for anonymous works. \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{anon1610} \item \parencite{anon1547} \item \parencite{horsley1796} \item \parencite{hawkes1834} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Pseudonyms in author-date references} % 15.35 Pseudonyms in author-date references \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{stendhal1925} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Editor in place of author in text citations} % 15.36 Editor in place of author in text citations \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{silverstein1974} \item \parencite{soltes1999} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Organization as author in author-date references} % 15.37 Organization as author in author-date references In the reference list, \textit{CMOS} errs in printing \textit{:1997} after \textit{ISO 4}. Compare it with the nearly identical example in \ref{14.84}. \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{iso1997.ref} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{39} \subsubsection{Reprint editions and modern editions—more than one date} % 15.40 Reprint editions and modern editions—more than one date \label{15.40} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{austen2003} \item \parencite{darwin1964} \item \parencite{maitland1998} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Multivolume works published over more than one year} % 15.41 Multivolume works published over more than one year \label{15.41} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite[1:133]{tillich1951} %\item \parencite[vol. 2]{tillich1951} \item \parencite[329]{hayek2011} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Cross-references to multiauthor books in reference lists} % 15.42 Cross-references to multiauthor books in reference lists \label{15.42} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{draper1987} \item \parencite{harrington1987} \item \parencite{zukowsky1987} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{43} \subsubsection{No date of publication in author-date references} % 15.44 No date of publication in author-date references \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{nano1750} \item \parencite{nano} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{``Forthcoming'' in author-date references} % 15.45 ``Forthcoming'' in author-date references \label{15.45} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{faraday} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{46} \subsubsection{Parentheses or comma with issue number} % 15.47 Parentheses or comma with issue number In the second reference list entry below, Windy City prints a colon after the journal number. \textit{CMOS} prints a comma there---likely an error. \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{glass2014} \item \parencite{meyerovitch1959} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Colon with volume number} % 15.48 Colon with volume number The example below shows the output when an article's publication month isn't included in the bibliography database and so doesn't come between a volume number and a page reference. \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{gunderson2015} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Newspapers and magazines in reference lists} % 15.49 Newspapers and magazines in reference lists \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{nytimes2002} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{50} \subsubsection{Citing blogs in author-date format} % 15.51 Citing blogs in author-date format \label{15.51} \textit{CMOS} seems mistaken in printing a period after \textit{Chronicle of Higher Education} instead of a comma. Compare with \ref{14.208} and \ref{15.42}. \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{germano2017} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Citing social media content in author-date format} % 15.52 Citing social media content in author-date format \label{15.52} \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{diaz2016} \item \parencite{brien2015} \item \parencite{chicago2015} \end{citeref} \setcounter{subsubsection}{53} \subsubsection{Manuscript collections in author-date format} % 15.54 Manuscript collections in author-date format \label{15.54} This example requires the \cmd{parenauth} citation command (see section \ref{parenauth}): \begin{citeref} \item Alvin Johnson, in a memorandum prepared sometime in 1937 \parenauth[file 36]{kallen}, observed that\ldots \end{citeref} \noindent An example using \cmd{parencite}: \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{dinkel} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{Patents or other documents cited by more than one date} % 15.55 Patents or other documents cited by more than one date \begin{citeref} \item \parencite{iizuka1986} \end{citeref} \subsubsection{``Quoted in'' in author-date references} % 15.56 “Quoted in” in author-date references \begin{citeref} \item In Louis Zukofsky's ``Sincerity and Objectification,'' from the February 1931 issue of \textit{Poetry} magazine \parencite[quoted in][]{costello1981}\ldots \end{citeref} \defbibnote{sh}{This section shows the output of \cmd{printbiblist} with the argument \opt{shorthand}. Running \cmd{printshorthands} produces the same output. By default, works in this list also appear in bibliographies. To exclude them, use the preamble option \opt{nolos}. See section \ref{preamble} for more information.\\}% \defbibnote{bib}{This section shows the default output of \cmd{printbibliography}. The next section shows the author-date format.\\}% \defbibnote{ref}{This section shows the output of \cmd{printbibliography} in the author-date format. For information on how to produce this output, see section \ref{preamble}. Issues with sorting in this section are mentioned there. Creating a reference list in the preferred way, with the \opt{reflist} preamble option, should prevent those issues.\\}% \titleformat{\section}{\large\bfseries\filcenter}{}{2ex}{} \printbiblist[prenote=sh]{shorthand} \refstepcounter{sh}\label{sh} \printbibliography[notkeyword=notinbib,prenote=bib] \refstepcounter{bib}\label{bib} \printbibliography[% env=reflist, heading=references, notkeyword=notinref, prenote=ref] \refstepcounter{ref}\label{ref} \end{document}