% General example LaTeX file for including Sage calculations and plots % Build with: % % (pdf)latex example.tex; sage example.sage; pdflatex example.tex % % Please read README and the documentation of the SageTeX package for % more information! \documentclass{article} \title{Examples of embedding Sage in \LaTeX{} with \textsf{Sage\TeX}} \author{Dan Drake and others} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{sagetex} % % If you want SageTeX to use Imagemagick's `convert' utility to make eps % files from png files when generating a dvi file, add the "imagemagick" % option above: % % \usepackage[imagemagick]{sagetex} \setlength{\sagetexindent}{10ex} \begin{document} \maketitle \section{Inline Sage, code blocks} This is an example $2+2=\sage{2+2}$. If you raise the current year mod $100$ (which equals $\sage{mod(\the\year, 100)}$) to the power of the current day ($\the\day$), you get $\sage{Integer(mod(\the\year, 100))^\the\day}$. Also, $\the\year$ modulo $42$ is $\sage{\the\year \percent 42}$. Code block which uses a variable \texttt{s} to store the solutions: \begin{sageblock} 1+1 var('a,b,c') eqn = [a+b*c==1, b-a*c==0, a+b==5] s = solve(eqn, a,b,c) \end{sageblock} Solutions of $\mbox{eqn}=\sage{eqn}$: \[ \sage{s[0]} \] \[ \sage{s[1]} \] Now we evaluate the following block: \begin{sageblock} E = EllipticCurve("37a") \end{sageblock} You can't do assignment inside \verb|\sage| macros, since Sage doesn't know how to typeset the output of such a thing. So you have to use a code block. The elliptic curve $E$ given by $\sage{E}$ has discriminant $\sage{E.discriminant()}$. You can do anything in a code block that you can do in Sage and/or Python. Here we save an elliptic curve into a file. \begin{sageblock} try: E = load('E2') except IOError: E = EllipticCurve([1,2,3,4,5]) E.anlist(100000) E.save('E2') \end{sageblock} The 9999th Fourier coefficient of $\sage{E}$ is $\sage{E.anlist(100000)[9999]}$. The following code block doesn't appear in the typeset file\dots \begin{sagesilent} e = 2 e = 3*e + 1 \end{sagesilent} but we can refer to whatever we did in that code block: $e=\sage{e}$. \begin{sageblock} var('x') f(x) = log(sin(x)/x) \end{sageblock} The Taylor Series of $f$ begins: $\sage{ f.taylor(x, 0, 10) }$. \section{Plotting} Here's a plot of the elliptic curve $E$. \sageplot{E.plot(-3,3)} \begin{sagesilent} # the var line is unecessary unless you've defined x to be something # other than a symbolic variable var('x') f(x) = -x^3+3*x^2+7*x-4 \end{sagesilent} You can use variables to hold plot objects and do stuff with them. \begin{sageblock} p = plot(f, x, -5, 5) \end{sageblock} Here's a small plot of $f$ from $-5$ to $5$, which I've centered: \begin{center} \sageplot[scale=.2]{p} \end{center} On second thought, use the default size of $3/4$ the \verb|\textwidth| and don't use axes: \sageplot{p, axes=False} Remember, you're using Sage, and can therefore call upon any of the software packages Sage is built out of. \begin{sageblock} f = maxima('sin(x)^2*exp(x)') g = f.integrate('x') \end{sageblock} Plot $g(x)$, but don't typeset it. \begin{sagesilent} # g is a Maxima thingy, it needs to get converted into a Sage object plot1 = plot(g.sage(),x,-1,2*pi) \end{sagesilent} You can specify a file format and options for \verb|includegraphics|. The default is for EPS and PDF files, which are the best choice in almost all situations. (Although see the section on 3D plotting.) \sageplot[angle=45, width=.5\textwidth][png]{plot1} If you use regular \verb|latex| to make a DVI file, you'll see a box, because DVI files can't include PNG files. If you use \verb|pdflatex| that will work. See the documentation for details. When using \verb|\sageplot|, you can pass in just about anything that Sage can call \verb|.save()| on to produce a graphics file: \begin{center} \sageplot{plot1 + plot(f.sage(),x,-1,2*pi,rgbcolor=hue(0.4)), figsize=[1,2]} \end{center} \sageplot{graphs.FlowerSnark().plot()} \begin{sageblock} G4 = DiGraph({1:[2,2,3,5], 2:[3,4], 3:[4], 4:[5,7], 5:[6]},\ multiedges=True) G4plot = G4.plot(layout='circular') \end{sageblock} \sageplot{G4plot, axes=False} Indentation and so on works fine. \begin{sageblock} s = 7 s2 = 2^s P. = GF(2)[] M = matrix(parent(x),s2) for i in range(s2): p = (1+x)^i pc = p.coeffs() a = pc.count(1) for j in range(a): idx = pc.index(1) M[i,idx+j] = pc.pop(idx) matrixprogram = matrix_plot(M,cmap='Greys') \end{sageblock} And here's the picture: \sageplot{matrixprogram} Reset \texttt{x} in Sage so that it's not a generator for the polynomial ring: \sage{var('x')} \subsection{3D plotting} 3D plotting right now is problematic because there's no convenient way to produce vector graphics. We can make PNGs, though, and since the \verb|sageplot| command defaults to EPS and PDF, \emph{you must specify a valid format for 3D plotting}. Sage right now (version 3.4.2) can't produce EPS or PDF files from plot3d objects, so if you don't specify a valid format, things will go badly. You can specify the ``\texttt{imagemagick}'' option, which will use the Imagemagick \texttt{convert} utility to make EPS files. See the documentation for details. Here's the famous Sage cube graph: \begin{sageblock} G = graphs.CubeGraph(5) \end{sageblock} % need empty [] so sageplot knows you want png format, and aren't % passing an option to includegraphics \sageplot[][png]{G.plot3d(engine='tachyon')} \section{Pausing Sage\TeX} \label{sec:pausing-sagetex} Sometimes you want to ``pause'' for a bit while writing your document if you have embedded a long calculation or just want to concentrate on the \LaTeX{} and ignore any Sage stuff. You can use the \verb|\sagetexpause| and \verb|\sagetexunpause| macros to do that. \sagetexpause A calculation: $\sage{factor(2^325 + 1)}$ and a code environment that simulates a time-consuming calculation. While paused, this will get skipped over. \begin{sageblock} import time time.sleep(15) \end{sageblock} Graphics are also skipped: \sageplot{plot(2*sin(x^2) + x^2, (x, 0, 5))} \sagetexunpause \section{Make Sage write your \LaTeX{} for you} With \textsf{Sage\TeX}, you can not only have Sage do your math for you, it can write parts of your \LaTeX{} document for you! For example, I hate writing \texttt{tabular} environments; there's too many fiddly little bits of punctuation and whatnot\ldots and what if you want to add a column? It's a pain---or rather, it \emph{was} a pain. Here's how to make Pascal's triangle. It requires the \texttt{amsmath} package because of what Sage does when producing a \LaTeX{} representation of a string. (It puts it inside a \verb|\text| macro.) \begin{sageblock} def pascals_triangle(n): # start of the table s = r"\begin{tabular}{cc|" + "r" * (n+1) + "}" s += r" & & $k$: & \\" # second row, with k values: s += r" & " for k in [0..n]: s += "& %d " % k s += r"\\" # the n = 0 row: s += r"\hline" + "\n" + r"$n$: & 0 & 1 & \\" # now the rest of the rows for r in [1..n]: s += " & %d " % r for k in [0..r]: s += "& %d " % binomial(r, k) s += r"\\" # add the last line and return s += r"\end{tabular}" return s # how big should the table be? n = 8 \end{sageblock} Okay, now here's the table. To change the size, edit \texttt{n} above. If you have several tables, you can use this to get them all the same size, while changing only one thing. \begin{center} \sage{pascals_triangle(n)} \end{center} \end{document}