% ****** Start of file apssamp.tex ****** % % This file is part of the APS files in the REVTeX 4 distribution. % Version 4.0 of REVTeX, August 2001 % % Copyright (c) 2001 The American Physical Society. % % See the REVTeX 4 README file for restrictions and more information. % % TeX'ing this file requires that you have AMS-LaTeX 2.0 installed % as well as the rest of the prerequisites for REVTeX 4.0 % % See the REVTeX 4 README file % It also requires running BibTeX. The commands are as follows: % % 1) latex apssamp.tex % 2) bibtex apssamp % 3) latex apssamp.tex % 4) latex apssamp.tex % \documentclass[twocolumn,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb]{revtex4} %\documentclass[preprint,showpacs,preprintnumbers,amsmath,amssymb]{revtex4} % Some other (several out of many) possibilities %\documentclass[preprint,aps]{revtex4} %\documentclass[preprint,aps,draft]{revtex4} %\documentclass[prb]{revtex4}% Physical Review B \usepackage{graphicx}% Include figure files \usepackage{dcolumn}% Align table columns on decimal point \usepackage{bm}% bold math %\nofiles \begin{document} \preprint{APS/123-QED} \title{Manuscript Title:\\with Forced Linebreak}% Force line breaks with \\ \author{Ann Author} \altaffiliation[Also at ]{Physics Department, XYZ University.}%Lines break automatically or can be forced with \\ \author{Second Author}% \email{Second.Author@institution.edu} \affiliation{% Authors' institution and/or address\\ This line break forced with \textbackslash\textbackslash }% \author{Charlie Author} \homepage{http://www.Second.institution.edu/~Charlie.Author} \affiliation{ Second institution and/or address\\ This line break forced% with \\ }% \date{\today}% It is always \today, today, % but any date may be explicitly specified \begin{abstract} An article usually includes an abstract, a concise summary of the work covered at length in the main body of the article. It is used for secondary publications and for information retrieval purposes. Valid PACS numbers may be entered using the \verb+\pacs{#1}+ command. \end{abstract} \pacs{Valid PACS appear here}% PACS, the Physics and Astronomy % Classification Scheme. %\keywords{Suggested keywords}%Use showkeys class option if keyword %display desired \maketitle \section{\label{sec:level1}First-level heading:\protect\\ The line break was forced \lowercase{via} \textbackslash\textbackslash} This sample document demonstrates proper use of REV\TeX~4 (and \LaTeXe) in mansucripts prepared for submission to APS journals. Further information can be found in the REV\TeX~4 documentation included in the distribution or available at \url{http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/}. When commands are referred to in this example file, they are always shown with their required arguments, using normal \TeX{} format. In this format, \verb+#1+, \verb+#2+, etc. stand for required author-supplied arguments to commands. For example, in \verb+\section{#1}+ the \verb+#1+ stands for the title text of the author's section heading, and in \verb+\title{#1}+ the \verb+#1+ stands for the title text of the paper. Line breaks in section headings at all levels can be introduced using \textbackslash\textbackslash. A blank input line tells \TeX\ that the paragraph has ended. Note that top-level section headings are automatically uppercased. If a specific letter or word should appear in lowercase instead, you must escape it using \verb+\lowercase{#1}+ as in the word ``via'' above. \subsection{\label{sec:level2}Second-level heading: Formatting} This file may be formatted in both the \texttt{preprint} and \texttt{twocolumn} styles. \texttt{twocolumn} format may be used to mimic final journal output. Either format may be used for submission purposes; however, for peer review and production, APS will format the article using the \texttt{preprint} class option. Hence, it is essential that authors check that their manuscripts format acceptably under \texttt{preprint}. Manuscripts submitted to APS that do not format correctly under the \texttt{preprint} option may be delayed in both the editorial and production processes. The \texttt{widetext} environment will make the text the width of the full page, as on page~\pageref{eq:wideeq}. (Note the use the \verb+\pageref{#1}+ to get the page number right automatically.) The width-changing commands only take effect in \texttt{twocolumn} formatting. It has no effect if \texttt{preprint} formatting is chosen instead. \subsubsection{\label{sec:level3}Third-level heading: References and Footnotes} Reference citations in text use the commands \verb+\cite{#1}+ or \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+. \verb+#1+ may contain letters and numbers. The reference itself is specified by a \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ command with the same argument as the \verb+\cite{#1}+ command. \verb+\bibitem{#1}+ commands may be crafted by hand or, preferably, generated by using Bib\TeX. REV\TeX~4 includes Bib\TeX\ style files \verb+apsrev.bst+ and \verb+apsrmp.bst+ appropriate for \textit{Physical Review} and \textit{Reviews of Modern Physics}, respectively. REV\TeX~4 will automatically choose the style appropriate for the journal specified in the document class options. This sample file demonstrates the basic use of Bib\TeX\ through the use of \verb+\bibliography+ command which references the \verb+assamp.bib+ file. Running Bib\TeX\ (typically \texttt{bibtex apssamp}) after the first pass of \LaTeX\ produces the file \verb+apssamp.bbl+ which contains the automatically formatted \verb+\bibitem+ commands (including extra markup information via \verb+\bibinfo+ commands). If not using Bib\TeX, the \verb+thebibiliography+ environment should be used instead. To cite bibliography entries, use the \verb+\cite{#1}+ command. Most journal styles will display the corresponding number(s) in square brackets: \cite{feyn54,witten2001}. To avoid the square brackets, use \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+: Refs.~\onlinecite{feyn54} and \onlinecite{witten2001}. REV\TeX\ ``collapses'' lists of consecutive reference numbers where possible. We now cite everyone together \cite{feyn54,witten2001,epr}, and once again (Refs.~\onlinecite{epr,feyn54,witten2001}). Note that the references were also sorted into the correct numerical order as well. When the \verb+prb+ class option is used, the \verb+\cite{#1}+ command displays the reference's number as a superscript rather than using square brackets. Note that the location of the \verb+\cite{#1}+ command should be adjusted for the reference style: the superscript references in \verb+prb+ style must appear after punctuation; otherwise the reference must appear before any punctuation. This sample was written for the regular (non-\texttt{prb}) citation style. The command \verb+\onlinecite{#1}+ in the \texttt{prb} style also displays the reference on the baseline. Footnotes are produced using the \verb+\footnote{#1}+ command. Most APS journal styles put footnotes into the bibliography. REV\TeX~4 does this as well, but instead of interleaving the footnotes with the references, they are listed at the end of the references\footnote{This may be improved in future versions of REV\TeX.}. Because the correct numbering of the footnotes must occur after the numbering of the references, an extra pass of \LaTeX\ is required in order to get the numbering correct. \section{Math and Equations} Inline math may be typeset using the \verb+$+ delimiters. Bold math symbols may be achieved using the \verb+bm+ package and the \verb+\bm{#1}+ command it supplies. For instance, a bold $\alpha$ can be typeset as \verb+$\bm{\alpha}$+ giving $\bm{\alpha}$. Fraktur and Blackboard (or open face or double struck) characters should be typeset using the \verb+\mathfrak{#1}+ and \verb+\mathbb{#1}+ commands respectively. Both are supplied by the \texttt{amssymb} package. For example, \verb+$\mathbb{R}$+ gives $\mathbb{R}$ and \verb+$\mathfrak{G}$+ gives $\mathfrak{G}$ In \LaTeX\ there are many different ways to display equations, and a few preferred ways are noted below. Displayed math will center by default. Use the class option \verb+fleqn+ to flush equations left. Below we have numbered single-line equations; this is the most common type of equation in \textit{Physical Review}: \begin{eqnarray} \chi_+(p)\alt{\bf [}2|{\bf p}|(|{\bf p}|+p_z){\bf ]}^{-1/2} \left( \begin{array}{c} |{\bf p}|+p_z\\ px+ip_y \end{array}\right)\;, \\ \left\{% \openone234567890abc123\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% \right\}% \label{eq:one}. \end{eqnarray} Note the open one in Eq.~(\ref{eq:one}). Not all numbered equations will fit within a narrow column this way. The equation number will move down automatically if it cannot fit on the same line with a one-line equation: \begin{equation} \left\{ ab12345678abc123456abcdef\alpha\beta\gamma\delta1234556\alpha\beta \frac{1\sum^{a}_{b}}{A^2}% \right\}. \end{equation} When the \verb+\label{#1}+ command is used [cf. input for Eq.~(\ref{eq:one})], the equation can be referred to in text without knowing the equation number that \TeX\ will assign to it. Just use \verb+\ref{#1}+, where \verb+#1+ is the same name that used in the \verb+\label{#1}+ command. Unnumbered single-line equations can be typeset using the \verb+\[+, \verb+\]+ format: \[g^+g^+ \rightarrow g^+g^+g^+g^+ \dots ~,~~q^+q^+\rightarrow q^+g^+g^+ \dots ~. \] \subsection{Multiline equations} Multiline equations are obtained by using the \verb+eqnarray+ environment. Use the \verb+\nonumber+ command at the end of each line to avoid assigning a number: \begin{eqnarray} {\cal M}=&&ig_Z^2(4E_1E_2)^{1/2}(l_i^2)^{-1} \delta_{\sigma_1,-\sigma_2} (g_{\sigma_2}^e)^2\chi_{-\sigma_2}(p_2)\nonumber\\ &&\times [\epsilon_jl_i\epsilon_i]_{\sigma_1}\chi_{\sigma_1}(p_1), \end{eqnarray} \begin{eqnarray} \sum \vert M^{\text{viol}}_g \vert ^2&=&g^{2n-4}_S(Q^2)~N^{n-2} (N^2-1)\nonumber \\ & &\times \left( \sum_{i