\documentclass{article} %\usepackage[a-1b,e-1,vt-1]{pdfx-16} %\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %\usepackage[l8u,OT1,T1]{fontenc} \providecommand{\pdfxopt}{a-1b} \usepackage[\pdfxopt]{pdfx} %\usepackage[LY1]{fontenc} %\usepackage[OT1,T1]{fontenc} \begin{document} \noindent In this example, only the metadata matters; apart from checking accents: {\`a \'e \"u} \end{document}