\documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader \usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} %\usepackage{textalpha} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{hyperref,bookmark} \usepackage{parskip} \usepackage{booktabs} \usepackage{lmodern} % \usepackage{kerkis} % \usepackage{gfsdidot} % The document should work with and without babel: \usepackage[greek,english]{babel} % \usepackage[polutonikogreek,english]{babel} % revert the polutonikogreek definition of \~: % \addto\extraspolutonikogreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}} % \addto\extrasgreek{\renewcommand*{\~}{\a~}} % from textalpha.sty: \DeclareTextCommandDefault{\ensuregreek}[1]{{\fontencoding{LGR}\selectfont #1}} \begin{document} \section*{Greek Unicode with \texttt{lgrenc.dfu}} The definitions in \texttt{lgrenc.dfu} provide standards-compatible UTF-8 support for Greek based on the LICRs (LaTeX internal character representations) defined in \texttt{lgrenc.def} from the ``greek-fontec'' package. Like other \emph{inputenc} Unicode definitions, they only work for text in the correct font encoding (in this case LGR). % e.g. Π produces: % ! LaTeX Error: Command \textPi unavailable in encoding T1. % just like Ж produces: % ! LaTeX Error: Command \CYRZH unavailable in encoding T1. % The font encoding is automatically set to LGR by babel for the languages \emph{greek} and \emph{polutonikogreek}. With the combination % \begin{verbatim} \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage{textalpha} \end{verbatim} % Greek Unicode literals can be used in text with any font encoding just like the symbols provided by package ``textcomp'' (i.e. with some limitations to kerning, MakeUppercase/MakeLowercase and multiple accents, described in \texttt{textalpha-test} from the ``lgrx'' package). \section{Supported Characters} Unicode definitions exist for all non-ASCII characters that can be rendered with an LGR-encoded font. \subsection{Greek and Coptic} legend: * glyph missing in LGR, [space] Unicode point not defined \selectlanguage{greek} \begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr} \toprule & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & \textlatin C & D & E & F\\ \midrule \textlatin{370} & * & * & * & * & ʹ & ͵ & * & * & & & ͺ & * & * & * & ; & \\ \textlatin{380} & & & & & ΄ & ΅ & Ά & · & Έ & Ή & Ί & & Ό & & Ύ & Ώ\\ \textlatin{390} & ΐ & Α & Β & Γ & Δ & Ε & Ζ & Η & Θ & Ι & Κ & Λ & Μ & Ν & Ξ & Ο\\ \textlatin{3A0} & Π & Ρ & & Σ & Τ & Υ & Φ & Χ & Ψ & Ω & Ϊ & Ϋ & ά & έ & ή & ί\\ \textlatin{3B0} & ΰ & α & β & γ & δ & ε & ζ & η & θ & ι & κ & λ & μ & ν & ξ & ο\\ \textlatin{3C0} & π & ρ & ς & σ & τ & υ & φ & χ & ψ & ω & ϊ & ϋ & ό & ύ & ώ & \\ \textlatin{3D0} & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & Ϙ & ϙ & Ϛ & ϛ & Ϝ & ϝ & * & ϟ\\ \textlatin{3E0} & Ϡ & ϡ & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\ \textlatin{3F0} & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & * & *\\ \bottomrule \end{tabular} \selectlanguage{english} \subsection{Greek Extended} \selectlanguage{greek} \begin{tabular}{rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr} \toprule & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & A & B & \textlatin C & D & E & F\\ \midrule \textlatin{1F00} & ἀ & ἁ & ἂ & ἃ & ἄ & ἅ & ἆ & ἇ & Ἀ & Ἁ & Ἂ & Ἃ & Ἄ & Ἅ & Ἆ & Ἇ\\ \textlatin{1F10} & ἐ & ἑ & ἒ & ἓ & ἔ & ἕ & & & Ἐ & Ἑ & Ἒ & Ἓ & Ἔ & Ἕ & & \\ \textlatin{1F20} & ἠ & ἡ & ἢ & ἣ & ἤ & ἥ & ἦ & ἧ & Ἠ & Ἡ & Ἢ & Ἣ & Ἤ & Ἥ & Ἦ & Ἧ\\ \textlatin{1F30} & ἰ & ἱ & ἲ & ἳ & ἴ & ἵ & ἶ & ἷ & Ἰ & Ἱ & Ἲ & Ἳ & Ἴ & Ἵ & Ἶ & Ἷ\\ \textlatin{1F40} & ὀ & ὁ & ὂ & ὃ & ὄ & ὅ & & & Ὀ & Ὁ & Ὂ & Ὃ & Ὄ & Ὅ & & \\ \textlatin{1F50} & ὐ & ὑ & ὒ & ὓ & ὔ & ὕ & ὖ & ὗ & & Ὑ & & Ὓ & & Ὕ & & Ὗ\\ \textlatin{1F60} & ὠ & ὡ & ὢ & ὣ & ὤ & ὥ & ὦ & ὧ & Ὠ & Ὡ & Ὢ & Ὣ & Ὤ & Ὥ & Ὦ & Ὧ\\ \textlatin{1F70} & ὰ & ά & ὲ & έ & ὴ & ή & ὶ & ί & ὸ & ό & ὺ & ύ & ὼ & ώ & & \\ \textlatin{1F80} & ᾀ & ᾁ & ᾂ & ᾃ & ᾄ & ᾅ & ᾆ & ᾇ & ᾈ & ᾉ & ᾊ & ᾋ & ᾌ & ᾍ & ᾎ & ᾏ\\ \textlatin{1F90} & ᾐ & ᾑ & ᾒ & ᾓ & ᾔ & ᾕ & ᾖ & ᾗ & ᾘ & ᾙ & ᾚ & ᾛ & ᾜ & ᾝ & ᾞ & ᾟ\\ \textlatin{1FA0} & ᾠ & ᾡ & ᾢ & ᾣ & ᾤ & ᾥ & ᾦ & ᾧ & ᾨ & ᾩ & ᾪ & ᾫ & ᾬ & ᾭ & ᾮ & ᾯ\\ \textlatin{1FB0} & ᾰ & ᾱ & ᾲ & ᾳ & ᾴ & & ᾶ & ᾷ & Ᾰ & Ᾱ & Ὰ & Ά & ᾼ & ᾽ & ι & ᾿\\ \textlatin{1FC0} & ῀ & ῁ & ῂ & ῃ & ῄ & & ῆ & ῇ & Ὲ & Έ & Ὴ & Ή & ῌ & ῍ & ῎ & ῏\\ \textlatin{1FD0} & ῐ & ῑ & ῒ & ΐ & & & ῖ & ῗ & Ῐ & Ῑ & Ὶ & Ί & & ῝ & ῞ & ῟\\ \textlatin{1FE0} & ῠ & ῡ & ῢ & ΰ & ῤ & ῥ & ῦ & ῧ & Ῠ & Ῡ & Ὺ & Ύ & Ῥ & ῭ & ΅ & `\\ \textlatin{1FF0} & & & ῲ & ῳ & ῴ & & ῶ & ῷ & Ὸ & Ό & Ὼ & Ώ & ῼ & ´ & ῾ & \\ \bottomrule \end{tabular} \selectlanguage{english} \subsection{Other Unicode Blocks} Latin-1 Supplement: \ensuregreek{¨ « ¯ ´ · »} IPA Extensions: \ensuregreek{ə} Spacing Modifier Letters: \ensuregreek{˘a} (here followed by letter alpha) General Punctuation: \ensuregreek{– — ‘ ’ ‰} ZWNJ (zero width no joiner, prevents kerning and ligatures, e.g. \ensuregreek{A‌‌U} vs. \ensuregreek{AU} and \ensuregreek{'‌a} vs. \ensuregreek{'a}) Currency Symbols: \ensuregreek{€} Letterlike Symbols: Ω % OHM SIGN, preferred representation is 03A9 Ancient Greek Numbers: \ensuregreek{ 𐅄 % \textPiDelta{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY 𐅅 % \textPiEta{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED 𐅆 % \textPiChi{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND 𐅇 % \textPiMu{} % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND } \section{MakeUppercase, MakeLowercase} Capital Greek letters have diacritics (except the dialytika) to the left (instead of above) and drop them in uppercase, e.g. \ensuregreek{μαΐστρος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μαΐστρος}}. Tonos and dasia on the first vowel of a diphthong (\ensuregreek{άι, άυ, έι}) imply a \emph{hiatus}. A dialytika must be placed on the second vowel if they are dropped (\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{\'ai, \'au, \'ei}}). The auto-hiatus feature in lgrxenc.def works nice with the Latin transcription and with character-macros (% \ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{% \'ai, \'\textalpha \textupsilon, \'\textepsilon \textiota }}) and also if the first character is wrapped in \verb+\ensuregreek+ (as done by the lgrenc.dfu definition for accented characters) or a literal Unicode character (\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{% \ensuregreek{\'\textalpha}\textiota, ά\textupsilon, ά\textiota }}) but not if the second character of the diphthong is a Unicode literal (\ensuregreek{\MakeUppercase{% \'\textalpha ι, άυ, \'\textepsilon ι }}). Therefore, the diaresis is missing in the following examples: \ensuregreek{άυλος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{άυλος}, ἄυλος $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἄυλος}, μάινα $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{μάινα}, κέικ, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{κέικ}, ἀυπνία $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἀυπνία}}. Fixing this shortcoming requires knowledge of what the \verb+\LGR@ifnextchar+ ``sees'' when the next character is an upcased Unicode literal. As an ugly workaround, use \verb+\textiota+ resp. \verb+\textupsilon+ for the character that should get the diaresis: \ensuregreek{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{ἀ\textupsilon{}πνία}}. The following subsections test MakeUppercase and MakeLowercase with all characters defined in lgrenc.dfu: \subsection{Greek and Coptic} \newcommand{\GreekAndCoptic}{ʹ͵ͺ; ΄ ΅ Ά·ΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫϘϚϜϠ} \newcommand{\greekandcoptic}{άέήίΰαβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψωϊϋόύώϙϛϝϟϡ} Characters of the Greek and Coptic Unicode Block: \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} \GreekAndCoptic\\ \greekandcoptic \end{quote} MakeUppercase: \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} \MakeUppercase{\GreekAndCoptic}\\ \MakeUppercase{\greekandcoptic} \end{quote} Letters and ypogegrammeni upcased, tonos dropped, dialytika kept. There is no capital Koppa in LGR, therefore \ensuregreek{ϟ} is left unchanged with MakeUppercase. MakeLowercase: \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} \MakeLowercase{\GreekAndCoptic}\\ \MakeLowercase{\greekandcoptic} \end{quote} The lowercase of \ensuregreek{Σ} is the «auto-sigma» (\verb+\textautosigma+): \ensuregreek{ΣΣ $\mapsto$ \MakeLowercase{ΣΣ}}. Add a ZWNJ or use the \verb+\noboundary+ macro to prevent conversion to final sigma: \ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{ΣΣ‌}}. The lowercase of GREEK LETTER STIGMA \ensuregreek{Ϛ} is \ensuregreek{\MakeLowercase{Ϛ}}. \newpage \subsection{Greek extended} MakeUppercase: \selectlanguage{greek} \MakeUppercase{ ἀ ἁ ἂ ἃ ἄ ἅ ἆ ἇ Ἀ Ἁ Ἂ Ἃ Ἄ Ἅ Ἆ Ἇ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ἐ ἑ ἒ ἓ ἔ ἕ Ἐ Ἑ Ἒ Ἓ Ἔ Ἕ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ἠ ἡ ἢ ἣ ἤ ἥ ἦ ἧ Ἠ Ἡ Ἢ Ἣ Ἤ Ἥ Ἦ Ἧ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ἰ ἱ ἲ ἳ ἴ ἵ ἶ ἷ Ἰ Ἱ Ἲ Ἳ Ἴ Ἵ Ἶ Ἷ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ὀ ὁ ὂ ὃ ὄ ὅ Ὀ Ὁ Ὂ Ὃ Ὄ Ὅ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ὐ ὑ ὒ ὓ ὔ ὕ ὖ ὗ Ὑ Ὓ Ὕ Ὗ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ὠ ὡ ὢ ὣ ὤ ὥ ὦ ὧ Ὠ Ὡ Ὢ Ὣ Ὤ Ὥ Ὦ Ὧ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ὰ ά ὲ έ ὴ ή ὶ ί ὸ ό ὺ ύ ὼ ώ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ᾀ ᾁ ᾂ ᾃ ᾄ ᾅ ᾆ ᾇ ᾈ ᾉ ᾊ ᾋ ᾌ ᾍ ᾎ ᾏ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ᾐ ᾑ ᾒ ᾓ ᾔ ᾕ ᾖ ᾗ ᾘ ᾙ ᾚ ᾛ ᾜ ᾝ ᾞ ᾟ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ᾠ ᾡ ᾢ ᾣ ᾤ ᾥ ᾦ ᾧ ᾨ ᾩ ᾪ ᾫ ᾬ ᾭ ᾮ ᾯ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ᾰ ᾱ ᾲ ᾳ ᾴ ᾶ ᾷ Ᾰ Ᾱ Ὰ Ά ᾼ ᾽ ι ᾿ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ῀ ῁ ῂ ῃ ῄ ῆ ῇ Ὲ Έ Ὴ Ή ῌ ῍ ῎ ῏ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ῐ ῑ ῒ ΐ ῖ ῗ Ῐ Ῑ Ὶ Ί ῝ ῞ ῟ }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ῠ ῡ ῢ ΰ ῤ ῥ ῦ ῧ Ῠ Ῡ Ὺ Ύ Ῥ ῭ ΅ ` }\\ \MakeUppercase{ ῲ ῳ ῴ ῶ ῷ Ὸ Ό Ὼ Ώ ῼ ´ ῾ } \selectlanguage{english} MakeLowercase: \selectlanguage{greek} \MakeLowercase{ ἀ ἁ ἂ ἃ ἄ ἅ ἆ ἇ Ἀ Ἁ Ἂ Ἃ Ἄ Ἅ Ἆ Ἇ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ἐ ἑ ἒ ἓ ἔ ἕ Ἐ Ἑ Ἒ Ἓ Ἔ Ἕ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ἠ ἡ ἢ ἣ ἤ ἥ ἦ ἧ Ἠ Ἡ Ἢ Ἣ Ἤ Ἥ Ἦ Ἧ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ἰ ἱ ἲ ἳ ἴ ἵ ἶ ἷ Ἰ Ἱ Ἲ Ἳ Ἴ Ἵ Ἶ Ἷ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ὀ ὁ ὂ ὃ ὄ ὅ Ὀ Ὁ Ὂ Ὃ Ὄ Ὅ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ὐ ὑ ὒ ὓ ὔ ὕ ὖ ὗ Ὑ Ὓ Ὕ Ὗ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ὠ ὡ ὢ ὣ ὤ ὥ ὦ ὧ Ὠ Ὡ Ὢ Ὣ Ὤ Ὥ Ὦ Ὧ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ὰ ά ὲ έ ὴ ή ὶ ί ὸ ό ὺ ύ ὼ ώ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ᾀ ᾁ ᾂ ᾃ ᾄ ᾅ ᾆ ᾇ ᾈ ᾉ ᾊ ᾋ ᾌ ᾍ ᾎ ᾏ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ᾐ ᾑ ᾒ ᾓ ᾔ ᾕ ᾖ ᾗ ᾘ ᾙ ᾚ ᾛ ᾜ ᾝ ᾞ ᾟ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ᾠ ᾡ ᾢ ᾣ ᾤ ᾥ ᾦ ᾧ ᾨ ᾩ ᾪ ᾫ ᾬ ᾭ ᾮ ᾯ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ᾰ ᾱ ᾲ ᾳ ᾴ ᾶ ᾷ Ᾰ Ᾱ Ὰ Ά ᾼ ᾽ ι ᾿ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ῀ ῁ ῂ ῃ ῄ ῆ ῇ Ὲ Έ Ὴ Ή ῌ ῍ ῎ ῏ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ῐ ῑ ῒ ΐ ῖ ῗ Ῐ Ῑ Ὶ Ί ῝ ῞ ῟ }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ῠ ῡ ῢ ΰ ῤ ῥ ῦ ῧ Ῠ Ῡ Ὺ Ύ Ῥ ῭ ΅ ` }\\ \MakeLowercase{ ῲ ῳ ῴ ῶ ῷ Ὸ Ό Ὼ Ώ ῼ ´ ῾ } \selectlanguage{english} \subsection{Other Unicode Blocks} MakeUppercase works without effect on non-letter symbols and the letter shwa: \ensuregreek{ \MakeUppercase{¨ « ¯ ´ · »} \MakeUppercase{ə} \MakeUppercase{˘a} \MakeUppercase{– — ‘ ’ ‰ a‌u} \MakeUppercase{€} % \MakeUppercase{Ω} \MakeUppercase{ 𐅄 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY 𐅅 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED 𐅆 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND 𐅇 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND } } MakeLowercase works without effect on non-letter symbols, too: \ensuregreek{ \MakeLowercase{¨ « ¯ ´ · »} \MakeLowercase{ə} \MakeLowercase{˘A} \MakeLowercase{– — ‘ ’ ‰ A‌‌U} \MakeLowercase{€} % \MakeLowercase{Ω} \MakeLowercase{ 𐅄 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY 𐅅 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE HUNDRED 𐅆 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIVE THOUSAND 𐅇 % GREEK ACROPHONIC ATTIC FIFTY THOUSAND } } \end{document} Problems with text-extraction from PDF with Kerkis: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 370 * * * * ΄ ͵ * * ι * * * ; 380 ΄ ΅ ΄Α ΄Ε ΄Η ΄Ι ΄Ο ΄Υ ΄Ω 390 ΐ Α Β Γ ∆ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο 3Α0 Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί 3Β0 ΰ α ϐ γ δ ε Ϲ η ϑ ι κ λ µ ν ξ ο 3῝0 π ϱ ς σ τ υ ϕ χ ψ ω ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ 3∆0 * * * * * * * * Ϟ Ϝ ϝ Ϝ ϝ * ϟ 3Ε0 ϡ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3Φ0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0387 GREEK ANO TELEIA missing 03B6 zeta replaced by 03F9 GREEK CAPITAL LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL 03B8 GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA replaced by 03D1 GREEK THETA SYMBOL 03C1 GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO replaced by 03F1 GREEK RHO SYMBOL 03C6 GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI replaced by 03D5 GREEK PHI SYMBOL and GFS Didot: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 370 * * * * ´ ͵ * * ι * * * ; 380 ´ ῆ Α ´ ´ ´Ε ´Η ´Ι ´Ο ´Υ ´Ω 390 ῆ ´ι Α Β Γ ∆ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο 3Α0 Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω ῆ Ι ῆ Υ ά έ ή ί 3Β0 ῆ ´υ α β γ δ ε ζ η ϑ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο 3῝0 π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ι ῆ υ ῆ ό ύ ώ 3∆0 * * * * * * * * Ϛ Ϝ Ϝ * Ϟ 3Ε0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3Φ0 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *