% Test definitions for accents and composite accents in Greek \documentclass[a4paper,british,polutonikogreek]{article} \pagestyle{empty} \usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} \usepackage{cmap} % fix search and cut-and-paste in Acrobat Reader \usepackage% {lmodern} % {gfsartemisia} % {gfsbaskerville} % [default]{gfsbodoni} % [default]{gfscomplutum} % {gfsdidot} % [default]{gfsneohellenic} % {lmodern} \usepackage{gfsporson} \renewcommand*\rmdefault{porson} % [default]{gfssolomos} % {kerkis} % {teubner} % \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{txtt} % Load encoding definitions (after font package) \usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textalpha} \usepackage{listings} \lstset{basicstyle=\ttfamily} % Babel package: \usepackage{babel} % With XeTeX/LuaTeX, load fontspec after babel to use Unicode % fonts for Latin script and LGR for Greek: \ifdefined\luatexversion \usepackage{fontspec}\fi \ifdefined\XeTeXrevision \usepackage{fontspec}\fi % "Lipsiakos" italic font `cbleipzig`: \newcommand*{\lishape}{\fontencoding{LGR}\fontfamily{cmr}% \fontshape{li}\selectfont} \DeclareTextFontCommand{\textli}{\lishape} \begin{document} \selectlanguage{british} \section*{Greek diacritics with standard accent macros} The font encoding definition file \texttt{lgrenc.def} defines LICR macros for all non-ASCII characters in the LGR font encoding. Greek accent macros have names starting with \verb|\acc| followed by the Greek accent name as used in the Unicode standard (e.g. \verb|\acctonos|). The standard symbol accents \verb|\' \` \~| behave according to Greek typography if used in the LGR font encoding. The \emph{textalpha} or \emph{alphabeta} packages define the symbol macros \verb|\<| and \verb|\>| as alias for the breathings (Dasia and Psili). With this, all diacritics can be input as backslash followed by the LGR transliteration. % \footnote{This makes it easy to follow the advise in \emph{teubner-doc}: ``typeset your paper with the regular accent vowel ligatures and [{\ldots}] substitute them in the final revision with the accented vowel macros only in those instances where the lack of kerning is disturbing''.} \footnote{The definition of the macros \texttt{\textbackslash<} and \texttt{\textbackslash>} was moved from the font definition file \texttt{greek-fontenc.def} to \texttt{textalpha.sty} in order to avoid clashes with local definitions of this macros in documents using the LGR font encoding via \emph{fontenc} or \emph{babel}.} The example in greek-usage.pdf: % \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} T\'i f\'hic? \enj\'ede pa\~id'' \>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan, S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc? \end{quote} can be input as \begin{lstlisting} T\'i f\'hic? \enj\'ede pa\~id'' \>eleuj\'eran t\`ac plhs\'ion N\'umfac stefano\~usan, S\'wstrate, \>er\~wn \'ap\~hljec e\>uj\'uc? \end{lstlisting} % Improvements over the ligature-based approach in LGR: % \begin{itemize} \item Accents can be placed on any character:% \footnote{In babel-greek versions < 1.4, Babel's \emph{polutonikogreek} option re-defined \textbackslash\textasciitilde (even for Latin with \textbackslash textlatin). This document reverted the babel definition in the preamble to make the tilde/perispomeni-accent work as usual in both, English (\textgreek{ni\~n\~o} ni\~n\~o) and Greek % % (\foreignlanguage{greek}{ni\~n\~o \textlatin{ni\~n\~o}}). .} \textgreek{\"k \`l \'m \~'p \>9 \`\>-} \item Kerning is preserved \selectlanguage{greek} \begin{tabular}[t]{llll} & \textlatin{roman} & \textlatin{italic} & \textlatin{cbleipzig} \\ \foreignlanguage{british}{accent macro:} & a\>ut'os & \emph{a\>ut\'os} & \textli{a\>ut\'os} \\ \foreignlanguage{british}{transliteration:} & a>ut'os & \emph{a>ut'os} & \textli{a>ut'os}\\ \end{tabular} \selectlanguage{british} Like in any font encoding, kerning only works with pre-composed glyphs: \textgreek{A\"UA $\ne$ A\~UA}, AVA $\ne$ A\~VA. \item Compatible with hyperref (see greekhyperref.pdf). \item Following Greek typesetting convention, diacritics (except the dialytika) are placed to the left of capital letters and and dropped by \verb|\MakeUppercase|: \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} \'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'antropos}, \>'antropos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>'antropos},\\ Aqill\'eas $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{Aqill\'eas}, \>Aqille\'us $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>Aqille\'us}. \end{quote} The dialytika is printed even in cases where it's not needed in lowercase: % the "hiatus" feature \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} \'aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'aulos}, \'>aulos $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\'\>aulos}, % from http://diacritics.typo.cz/index.php?id=69 μάινα -> ΜΑΪΝΑ m\'aina $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{m\'aina},\\ % from http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neugriechische_Orthographie#Das_Trema % κέικ, ἀυπνία/αϋπνία k\'eik, $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{k\'eik}, \>aupn\'ia $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\>aupn\'ia}. \end{quote} \end{itemize} \selectlanguage{british} Composite diacritics can be specified as named macro, backslash + LGR transliteration, or combined accent macros, e.\,g. \textgreek{\~>a} can be written as \begin{quote} \verb+\accpsiliperispomeni{a}+, \verb+\~>a+, \verb+\>~a+, \verb+\~\>{a}+, or \verb+\~\>a+. \end{quote} However, braces in composite accents (\verb+\~{\>a}+, \verb+\~{>a}+, or \verb+\~{\>{a}}+) lead to errors. \verb+\MakeUppercase+ works with most input variants but fails with a tilde in a document which does \textbf{not} define the \texttt{greek} or \texttt{polutonikogreek} language (where the tilde is an active character denoting a \verb|\nobreakspace|). Combining ``symbol macros'' (\verb+\>\~+) or reversing the order (\verb+\~>+) is safe: \foreignlanguage{greek}{\~>a $\mapsto$ \MakeUppercase{\~>a}}. Accent macros can start with \verb|\a| instead of \verb|\| when the short form is redefined, e.\,g. inside a \emph{tabbing} environment. This also works for the new-defined Dasia and Psili shortcuts (\verb|\a<| and \verb|\a>|): % \begin{quote} \selectlanguage{greek} \begin{tabbing} T'i f'hic? \= T\a'i f\a'hic? \\ \a>enj\a'ede pa\a~id \end{tabbing} \end{quote} \end{document}