% arara: pdflatex
% !arara: biber
% !arara: pdflatex
% arara: pdflatex
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
% the EMBRAC package
% 
%   Upright Brackets in Emphasized Text
% 
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Clemens Niederberger
% Web:    https://bitbucket.org/cgnieder/embrac/
% E-Mail: contact@mychemistry.eu
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Copyright 2012 Clemens Niederberger
% 
% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the
% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
% The latest version of this license is in
%   http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
% version 2005/12/01 or later.
% 
% This work has the LPPL maintenance status `maintained'.
% 
% The Current Maintainer of this work is Clemens Niederberger.
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
% The embrac package consists of the files
%  - embrac.sty, embrac_en.tex, embrac_en.pdf, embrac_kerning_test.tex and
%    README
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
% If you have any ideas, questions, suggestions or bugs to report, please
% feel free to contact me.
% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
%
% if you want to compile this documentation you'll need the document class
% `cnpkgdoc' which you can get here:
%    https://bitbucket.org/cgnieder/cnpkgdoc/
% the class is licensed LPPL 1.3 or later
%
\documentclass[DIV10,toc=index,toc=bib]{cnpkgdoc}
\docsetup{
  pkg      = [biblatex]embrac,
  language = en ,
  code-box = {
    backgroundcolor  = gray!7!white ,
    skipbelow        = .6\baselineskip plus .5ex minus .5ex ,
    skipabove        = .6\baselineskip plus .5ex minus .5ex ,
    roundcorner      = 3pt ,
  } ,
  gobble   = 1
}

\usepackage{libertinehologopatch}
\usepackage{fnpct,ragged2e}
\cnpkgusecolorscheme{friendly}
\renewcommand*\othersectionlevelsformat[3]{%
  \textcolor{main}{#3\autodot}\enskip}
\renewcommand*\partformat{%
  \textcolor{main}{\partname~\thepart\autodot}}

\newcommand*\Default[1]{%
  \hfill\llap{%
    \ifblank{#1}
      {(initially~empty)}
      {Default:~\code{#1}}%
    }\newline
}

\addcmds{
  AddEmph,
  DeleteEmph,
  EmbracOff,
  EmbracOn,
  printbibliography,
  ChangeEmph
}

\usepackage[backend=biber,style=alphabetic]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{bringhurst04,
  title     = {The Elements of Typographic Style},
  author    = {Robert Bringhurst},
  year      = {2004},
  version   = {3.2},
  isbn      = {978-0-88179-205-5},
  publisher = {Hartley \&\ Marks, Canada}
}
@article{dtk12-dw,
  author  = {Dominik Waßenhoven},
  title   = {Aufrechte Klammern in kursivem Text},
  journal = {Die \TeX{}nische Komödie},
  volume  = {2},
  year    = {2012},
  pages   = {51--53}
}
@online{lefloch11,
  author  = {Bruno Le Floch},
  title   = {Upright parentheses in italic text},
  url     = {http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/13057/5049},
  date    = {2011-03-09},
  urldate = {2012-06-28}
}
\end{filecontents}

% index:
\usepackage{imakeidx}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.ist}
 heading_prefix "{\\bfseries "
 heading_suffix "\\hfil}\\nopagebreak\n"
 headings_flag  1
 delim_0 "\\dotfill\\hyperpage{"
 delim_1 "\\dotfill\\hyperpage{"
 delim_2 "\\dotfill\\hyperpage{"
 delim_r "}\\textendash\\hyperpage{"
 delim_t "}"
 suffix_2p "\\nohyperpage{\\,f.}"
 suffix_3p "\\nohyperpage{\\,ff.}"
\end{filecontents*}
\indexsetup{noclearpage,othercode=\footnotesize}
\makeindex[options={-s \jobname.ist},intoc,columns=3]

\usepackage{fixfoot}
\DeclareFixedFootnote\manythanks{Many thanks again for his kind permission to use it!}

\RenewEmph{[}[-0.045em,.02em]{]}[.055em,-.09em]
\ChangeEmph{(}[-.01em,.04em]{)}[.04em,-.05em]

\usepackage{marginnote}
\makeatletter
\providecommand*\sinceversion[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \marginnote{%
    \footnotesize\sffamily\RaggedRight
    \textcolor{black!75}{Introduced in version~#1}}%
  \@esphack}
\providecommand*\changedversion[1]{%
  \@bsphack
  \marginnote{%
    \footnotesize\sffamily\RaggedRight
    \textcolor{black!75}{Changed in version~#1}}%
  \@esphack}
\makeatother

\begin{document}

\section{License and Requirements}\secidx{License}\secidx{Requirements}
\embrac is placed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License,
version 1.3 or later (\url{http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt}).
It has the status ``maintained.''

\embrac loads and needs the packages \paket{expl3}, \paket{xparse} and
\paket{l3keys2e}, the first is part of the \paket{l3kernel} and the others are
part of the \paket{l3packages}.
\secidx*{License}\secidx*{Requirements}

\section{Acknowledgements}
I like to thank both Dominik Waßenhoven for inspiration~\cite{dtk12-dw} and
Bruno Le Floch for providing code~\cite{lefloch11}. Without either of them this
package probably wouldn't exist.

\section{New}
\begin{description}
 \item[v0.1a] The command \cmd{RenewEmph} has been renamed into
   \cmd{ChangeEmph} and a new slightly different \cmd{RenewEmph} has been added.
 \item[v0.2] Improved interaction with \paket{biblatex}.
 \item[v0.3] Added support for \paket*{fontspec}'s \cmd{textsi}.
\end{description}

\section{About}\label{sec:about}\secidx{About}
\begin{zitat}[{{\cite[85]{bringhurst04}}}]
  Parentheses and brackets are not letters, and it makes little sense to speak
  of them as roman or italic.  There are vertical parentheses and sloped ones,
  and the parentheses on italic fonts are almost always sloped, but vertical
  parentheses are generally to be preferred.  That means they must come from
  the roman font, and may need extra spacing when used with italic
  letterforms.
 
  The sloped square brackets usually found on italic fonts are, if anything,
  even less useful than sloped parentheses.  If, perish the thought, there
  were a book or film entitled \emph*{The View from My [sic] Bed}, sloped
  brackets might be useful as a way of indicating that the brackets and their
  contents are actually part of the title.  Otherwise, vertical brackets
  should be used, no matter whether the text is roman or italic:
  \textquote{The View from My \emph{[sic]} Bed} and \textquote{\emph{the view
      from my [sic] bed}.\kern.05em}
\end{zitat}

\noindent
Both this quote from~\citetitle{bringhurst04} by Robert Bringhurst and the
article \citetitle{dtk12-dw} by Dominik Waßenhoven~\cite{dtk12-dw} inspired
this package.  Indeed, \embrac heavily borrows from the code
\citeauthor{dtk12-dw} provided in his article\manythanks. The code was
originally provided by Bruno Le~Floch\manythanks\ answering a question on
\href{http://tex.stackexchange.com}{TeX.sx}~\cite{lefloch11}.

\embrac tries to redefine \cmd{emph} and \cmd{textit} in a way that neither
parentheses nor square brackets are sloped.  In an ideal world you of course
wouldn't need this package because the italic font you're using would have
vertical parentheses and brackets by itself.

\begin{beispiel}
 \emph{This is emphasized [sic] text.} \\
 \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).}
\end{beispiel}
\secidx*{About}

\section{How it Works}\secidx{How it Works}
Both the commands \cmd{emph} and \cmd{textit} are redefined:
\begin{beschreibung}
 \Befehl{emph}*{<emphasized text>}
 \Befehl{textit}*{<text in italics>}
 \Befehl{textsi}*{<text in italic small caps>}\newline
   This command is only defined and thus redefined if you loaded \paket{fontspec},
   \emph{i.e.} if you're compiling your document with \XeLaTeX{} or \LuaLaTeX.
\end{beschreibung}
They now have a \code{*} argument that restores the original behaviour.
Otherwise they're used just as before.

Let's see the example again:
\begin{beispiel}
 \emph{This is emphasized [sic] text.} \\
 \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).}
\end{beispiel}
As you can see you don't have to do anything apart from loading \embrac in
your preamble.  Well -- that's actually not entirely true.  You have to take
care of the kerning of the parentheses and brackets.  Otherwise things could
look worse with \embrac than without.

The following example demonstrates one point why you have to be very careful
when using \embrac.  Certain parenthesis-letter combinations might need
adjustments of the kerning:
\begin{beispiel}
 \emph{This is (just) emphasized text.} \\
 \emph{This is (\kern.1em just) emphasized text.}
\end{beispiel}
This of course strongly depends on the font you've chosen.  Kerning is a very
important aspect when using this package and you shouldn't use it without
giving it a certain amount of attention.  See the next section for more
details.  \secidx*{How it Works}

\section{Adding More Brackets \&\ Adjusting the Kerning}
\secidx{Adding More Brackets}\secidx{Adjusting the Kerning} If you want you
can change the behaviour of \embrac.  Maybe it should only affect squared
brackets?  Or curly braces, too?  This can be done with the following
commands.  They all work locally which means if used inside a group outside of
it everything stays what it was.
\begin{beschreibung}
 \Befehl{AddEmph}{<o>}\oa{<io-kern>,<oo-kern>}\ma{<c>}\oa{<ic-kern>,<oc-kern>}
 \Befehl{ChangeEmph}{<o>}\oa{<io-kern>,<oo-kern>}\ma{<c>}\oa{<ic-kern>,<oc-kern>}
 \Befehl{RenewEmph}{<o>}\oa{<io-kern>,<oo-kern>}\ma{<c>}\oa{<ic-kern>,<oc-kern>}
 \Befehl{DeleteEmph}{<o>}\ma{<c>}
\end{beschreibung}
Here \code{<o>} means \emph{opening bracket} and \code{<c>} means
\emph{closing bracket}.  The kerning arguments are all four optional and
require -- if given -- to be a length.  If they're not given \cmd{AddEmph} and
\cmd{RenewEmph} insert \code{0pt} and \cmd{ChangeEmph} uses the value stored
by \cmd{AddEmph} or \cmd{RenewEmph} before.

\sinceversion{0.4}To each of these commands there are two variants that are
only semantically different\footnote{They're also using different lists
  internally but you shouldn't concern yourself with this.}.  They are all
called \cmd*{<base>OpEmph} or \cmd*{<base>ClEmph} where \code{<base>} is
either \code{Add}, \code{Change}, \code{Renew} or \code{Delete}.  Their
arguments are all the same: the half of what the main commands have for either
modifying the opening or the closing symbols.
\begin{beschreibung}
 \Befehl{AddOpEmph}{<o>}\oa{<io-kern>,<oo-kern>}
 \Befehl{AddClEmph}{<c>}\oa{<ic-kern>,<oc-kern>}
\end{beschreibung}
They allow you to add single symbols to \embrac's mechanism instead of adding
pairs.

In all these commands the optional argument \code{<io-kern>} is inserted after
the opening bracket (inner opening), \code{<oo-kern>} is inserted before it
(outer opening). \code{<ic-kern>} is inserted before the closing bracket
(inner closing), \code{<oc-kern>} after it (outer closing).

\embrac initially makes these definitions:
\begin{beispiel}[code only]
 % add some defaults:
 \AddEmph{[}{]}[.04em,-.12em]
 \AddEmph{(}[-.04em]{)}[,-.15em]
\end{beispiel}

This document however uses ``Linux Libertine
O''\footnote{\url{http://www.linuxlibertine.org/}} both for the roman and the
italic font and redefines them in this way (still not sure these are the best
values):
\begin{beispiel}[code only]
 \RenewEmph{[}[-0.045em,.02em]{]}[.055em,-.09em]
 \ChangeEmph{(}[-.01em,.04em]{)}[.04em,-.05em]
\end{beispiel}

You can change them as you wish, but be careful with the kerning! What's too
less for one letter might be too much for others:
\begin{beispiel}
 \ChangeEmph{(}[.1em]{)}[.1em]
 \emph{This is (just) emphasized text.} \\ % looks ok
 \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).} % looks bad
\end{beispiel}

To see why it is important to pay attention to the kerning values let's look
at how \embrac's features look without kerning (\ie, \code{0pt} for each
value), with the default settings and with the settings for this document:

\begin{center}
 \begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
  \textbf{No Kerning:}
  
  \RenewEmph{[}{]}\RenewEmph{(}{)}
  \emph{This is emphasized [sic] text.} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized text [as you can see].} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized (sic) text.} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).}
 \end{minipage}\bigskip
 
 \begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
  \textbf{\embrac's Default Kerning:}
  
  \RenewEmph{[}{]}[.04em,-.12em]\RenewEmph{(}[-.04em]{)}[,-.15em]
  \emph{This is emphasized [sic] text.} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized text [as you can see].} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized (sic) text.} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).}
 \end{minipage}\bigskip
 
 \begin{minipage}{.5\linewidth}
  \textbf{Adjusted Kerning:}
  
  \emph{This is emphasized [sic] text.} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized text [as you can see].} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized (sic) text.} \\
  \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).}
 \end{minipage}
\end{center}

Deleting a pair removes it completely from \embrac's mechanism.  All
information about the pair and its kerning values will be lost.  So if you
want the effects to be temporary use grouping.
\begin{beispiel}
 \DeleteEmph{[}{]}
 \emph{This is emphasized [sic] text.} \\
 \emph{This is emphasized text (as you can see).}
\end{beispiel}

By the way: this packages provides a simple file
\code{embrac\_kerning\_test.tex} for testing kerning values.  You should find
it in the same directory as this documentation.  \secidx*{Adding More
  Brackets}\secidx*{Adjusting the Kerning}

\section{biblatex Compatibility}\secidx{biblatex Compatibility}
This is \embrac's only package option:
\begin{beschreibung}
  \Option{biblatex}{\default{true}|on|parens|false|off|none}\Default{false} If
    set to \code{true} (or one of its aliases) parentheses and squared brackets
    as defined by \paket{biblatex} with \cmd{bibleftparen}, \cmd{bibrightparen},
    \cmd{bibleftbracket} and \cmd{bibrightbracket} are treated the same way (if
    not removed from the treatment with \cmd{DeleteEmph}).
   
    The command \cmd{blx@imc@mkbibemph} is patched to use the original definition
    of \cmd{emph}.
\end{beschreibung}

\begin{beispiel}
 % this document uses \usepackage[biblatex]{embrac}
 \emph{Let's cite Bringhurst again:~\cite{bringhurst04}}.
\end{beispiel}
\secidx*{biblatex Compatibility}

\section{Turn \embrac Temporarily Off}\secidx{Turn \embrac Temporarily Off}
Redefining \cmd{emph} and \cmd{textit} is not without danger.  Sometimes you
might find that you'd want to keep the original definition for a small portion
of your document.  You can use the following commands whose functions are
obvious, I guess:
\begin{beschreibung}
 \Befehl{EmbracOff}
 \Befehl{EmbracOn}
\end{beschreibung}
Both commands are local.
\secidx*{Turn \embrac Temporarily Off}

\section{Watch out!}\secidx{Watch Out}
Please be aware that \embrac does not affect \cmd{itshape} nor \cmd{em} (nor
\cmd{it} which you shouldn't use in a \LaTeX{} document, anyway).
\begin{beispiel}
 \itshape This is italic [sic] text.
\end{beispiel}
\secidx*{Watch Out}

\printbibliography

\indexprologue{\noindent Section titles are indicated \textbf{bold}, packages
\textsf{sans serif}, commands \cmd*{brown} and options \key*{yellow}.}
\printindex
\end{document}
