\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{report} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc} \usepackage{textcomp} %\usepackage{endnotes} \usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} \usepackage[german,french,american]{babel} \usepackage[autostyle]{csquotes} %\usepackage[document]{ragged2e} \usepackage[authordate,backend=bibtex8,babel=hyphen,% bibencoding=inputenc,strict]{biblatex-chicago} % \usepackage[style=chicago-authordate,backend=bibtex8,usecompiler=true,% % babel=other,bibencoding=inputenc,sorting=nyt,cmslos]{biblatex} \DeclareLanguageMapping{german}{cms-german} %\DeclareLanguageMapping{american}{cms-american} \DeclareLanguageMapping{french}{cms-french} %\renewcommand*{\rmdefault}{fgn}% The font (gentium) used for pdf \usepackage{ifthen} \usepackage{setspace} \usepackage{vmargin} \setpapersize{A4} \setmarginsrb{1in}{20pt}{1in}{.5in}{1pt}{2pt}{0pt}{2mm} \usepackage{url} \urlstyle{rm} \hyphenation{evans-ton clem-ens} \setlength{\dimen\footins}{9.5in} \setlength{\parindent}{0pt} \setlength{\parskip}{5pt} \newcommand{\cmd}[1]{\texttt{\textbackslash #1}} \bibliography{dates-test} %%\onehalfspacing \begin{document} \section*{The Chicago Author-Date Specification} \label{sec:spec} As a general rule, you'll probably want to use the \cmd{autocite} command for most citations. For most sources, the result will be exactly as you expect it to be. A few examples: \autocite{adorno:benj}; \autocite{ashbrook:brain}; \autocite{babb:peru}; \autocite{barcott:review}. Any page references should also appear as you expect: \autocite[338]{batson}; \autocite[79]{beattie:crime}; \autocite[36]{boxer:china}. \subsection*{Repeated citations} \label{sec:ibidem} Repeated citations are somewhat complicated. The Chicago author-date style doesn't use \enquote{\emph{Ibid},} but in general a repeated citation on the same page will print only the page reference: \autocite{browning:aurora}; \autocite[45]{browning:aurora}. Technically, this should only occur when a source is cited \enquote{more than once in one paragraph} \autocite[16.114]{chicago:manual}, so you can use the \cmd{citereset} command from \textsf{biblatex} to achieve the greatest compliance, as the package only offers automatic resetting on part, chapter, section, and subsection boundaries, while \textsf{biblatex-chicago} automatically resets the tracker at page breaks: \citereset\cmd{citereset}\ \autocite[16.115]{chicago:manual}. If you are going to repeat a source, make sure that the cite command provides a postnote --- if you don't need to cite a specific page, then it's better only to use one citation rather than two, as otherwise, in the current state of the code, you'll get empty parentheses, like so: \autocite{chicago:manual}. \subsection*{Other citation commands} \label{sec:other} The other citation commands from \textsf{biblatex} also work fine: \cmd{textcite}: \textcite{conley:fifthgrade}; \cmd{autocite*}: \autocite*{connell:chronic}; \cmd{cite}: \cite{conway:evolution}; \cmd{cite*}: \cite*{davenport:attention}; \cmd{foot\-note} with \cmd{autocite};\footnote{\autocite{donne:var}.}\ \cmd{footcite} (=\cmd{cite} inside a \cmd{footnote}). \footcite{dunn:revolutions} Multicites should work as you expect, too: \cmd{autocites}: \autocites{dyna:browser}{eliot:pound}; \cmd{autocites} by the same author: \autocites{pirumova}{pirumova:russian}; \cmd{autocites} by the same author with postnotes: \autocites{pirumova}[14]{pirumova:russian}; \cmd{textcites} by the same author with postnotes: \textcites[37]{pirumova}{pirumova:russian}. \subsection*{Shorthands} \label{sec:shorthands} Chicago's author-date style only seems to recommend the use of shorthands as abbreviations for long authors' names, particularly institutional names \autocite[17.47]{chicago:manual}. By default, I have followed this recommendation: \cmd{autocites}: \autocites{bsi:abbreviation}{iso:electrodoc}; \cmd{textcites}: \textcites{bsi:abbreviation}{iso:electrodoc}. It suggests placing the expansion of the abbreviation into the reference list itself, a procedure that I shall implement in the next release of \textsf{biblatex-chicago}. For now, the list of shorthands will present the expansion. Please note, also, that you can get back something approaching the \enquote{standard} behavior of shorthands if you give the \texttt{cmslos=false} option to \textsf{biblatex-chicago} in your document preamble. \subsection*{Mildly problematic entries} \label{sec:problematic} In most entries, the absence of an author can be supplied by, e.g., an editor or a translator: \autocite{chaucer:alt}; \autocite{silver:gawain}. Sometimes an anonymous work's author is known or can be guessed: \autocite{horsley:prosodies}; \autocite{cook:sotweed}. Alternatively, in some cases the use of \enquote{\texttt{Anon.}}\ as author may be the simplest option: \autocite{anon:stanze}; \autocite{virginia:plantation}. An absent date will, in most entry types, provoke the package into providing \enquote{\texttt{n.d.}\hspace{-2pt}}: \autocite{evanston:library}. You can also give it yourself in the form \cmd{bibstring\{nodate\}}: \autocite{ross:thesis}. A date that can be guessed should appear within square brackets: \autocite{clark:mesopot}. Forthcoming works are straightforward, assuming you remember to use the \cmd{autocap} macro so that the word appears correctly in both citations and the list of references: \autocite{author:forthcoming}; \autocite{contrib:contrib}. The \emph{Manual} outlines a series of options for entries with more than one date \autocite[17.124--27]{chicago:manual}. All of these possibilities are available in \textsf{biblatex-chicago} using the \texttt{cmsdate} entry option: \texttt{cmsdate=off} (the default): \autocite{maitland:equity}; \texttt{cmsdate=on}: \autocite{james:ambassadors}; \texttt{cmsdate=old}: \autocite{emerson:nature}; \texttt{cmsdate=new}: \autocite{maitland:canon}. These options, in combination with others available in your .bib files, can cover a wide range of difficult cases. Please see the next section below, the documentation in \textsf{biblatex-chicago.pdf}, and also the following entries in \textsf{dates-test.bib}: \autocites{schweitzer:bach}{white:russ}{white:ross:memo}. \subsection*{Corners of the specification} \label{sec:corners} In some cases, the \emph{Manual} isn't altogether clear about how to present entries in the author-date style. I'm pretty certain about most of what follows, but if you interpret the specification differently please let me know. \subsubsection*{InReference entries} \label{sec:inref} These present several peculiarities: the title of the work should always take the place of any author, no \enquote{\texttt{n.d.}\hspace{-2pt}} will be automatically provided, and any postnote field will be enclosed in quotation marks preceded by \enquote{\texttt{s.v.}\hspace{-2pt}} for \enquote{\emph{sub verbo}.} This allows you to refer to alphabetized articles in well-known reference works: \autocite[Hume, David]{ency:britannica}; \autocite[Sibelius, Jean]{grove:sibelius}; \autocite[BibTeX]{wikiped:bibtex}. \subsubsection*{Author-less Article (and Manual) entries} \label{sec:authless:art} In article entries with the \texttt{magazine} entrysubtype, the absence of an author automatically places the title of the periodical in citations and at the head of the entry in the list of references: \autocite{gourmet:052006}; \autocite{lakeforester:pushcarts}; \autocite{nyt:trevorobit}. In \textsf{manual} entries, the \textsf{organization} field does the same: \autocite{dyna:browser}. If you wish to present an abbreviated form of the journal (or organization) name only in citations, then the \textsf{shortauthor} field --- or in other cases the \textsf{shorthand} field --- is the place for it, making sure to include formatting: \autocite{unsigned:ranke}; \autocite{bsi:abbreviation}. \subsubsection*{Misc entries with an entrysubtype} \label{sec:misc} When citing individual letter-like pieces from an unpublished archive using \textsf{origdate}, you need to set the \texttt{cmsdate=on} option so that the \textsf{origdate} appears in the citation and at the head of the entry in the list of references: \autocite{creel:house}. Non-letters, e.g., interviews, use the \textsf{date} field, so you don't need \texttt{cmsdate}; \autocite{spock:interview}. For undated pieces you can put \cmd{bibstring\{nodate\}} in the \textsf{year} field: \autocite{dinkel:agassiz}. For citing whole collections, see the next section. \subsubsection*{entrysubtype = \{classical\}} \label{sec:classical} This option's name derives from its use for citing texts from classical antiquity, though in the author-date style especially it can be put to use in several other contexts. In a nutshell, any entry with such an \textsf{entrysubtype} will be treated, in citations only, not as author-date but as author-title. (Entries in the list of references, e.g., a particular edition of Aristotle, will still appear in standard author-date format.) A \cmd{cite*} or \cmd{autocite*} command will, in such a case, produce the title rather than the year. Some examples should make this clearer: Classical works: without abbreviation: \autocite{aristotle:metaphy:trans}; with abbreviation: \autocite{aristotle:metaphy:gr}; \autocite{plato:republic:gr}; using standard pagination: \autocite*[3.2.996b5--8]{aristotle:metaphy:gr}; \autocite*[420e]{plato:republic:gr}; work cited by page of a modern edition, i.e., without \textsf{entrysubtype}: \autocite[198]{euripides:orestes}. Sacred works, e.g., the Bible and the Qur'an: \autocite[25:19--36:43]{genesis}. An unpublished archive, from which more than one work has been cited: \autocite[file 12]{house:papers}. (Both this and the previous example use a Misc entry with \texttt{classical} \textsf{entrysubtype}.) \subsubsection*{Multiple authors} \label{sec:multiple} The default settings in \textsf{biblatex-chicago} are \texttt{maxnames=3,minnames=1} in citations and \texttt{max\-names=10,minnames=7} in the list of references (see the \cmd{printbibliography} command in the .tex file). In practice, this means that an entry like hlatky:hrt, with 5 authors, will present all of them in the list of references but will truncate to one in citations, like so: \autocite{hlatky:hrt}. For the vast majority of circumstances, these settings are exactly right for the Chicago author-date specification. However, if \enquote{a reference list includes another work \emph{of the same date} that would also be abbreviated as [\enquote{Hlatky et al.}] but whose coauthors are different persons or listed in a different order, the text citations must distinguish between them} \autocite[16.118]{chicago:manual}. By default, \textsf{biblatex} would present such a work as, e.g., (Hlatky et al. 2002b), while hlatky:hrt would be (Hlatky et al. 2002a). This does distinguish between them, but inaccurately, as it suggests that the two different author lists are exactly the same. The solution to this problem is the \textsf{shortauthor} field. For our two entries they might look like, e.g., \{\{Hlatky, Boothroyd et al.\}\} and \{\{Hlatky, Smith et al.\}\}. This will produce the two citations (Hlatky, Boothroyd et al.\ 2002) and (Hlatky, Smith et al.\ 2002), which is what the specification requires. If the distinguishing name occurs further down the author list --- in fourth or fifth position in our examples --- then you may have to use \textsf{shortauthor} fields that look like this: \{\{Hlatky et al., \textbackslash mkbibquote\{Quality of Life,\}\}\} and \{\{Hlatky et al., \textbackslash mkbibquote\{Depressive Symptoms,\}\}\}, using a shortened title to distinguish the references. This would produce (Hlatky et al., \enquote{Quality of Life,} 2002) and (Hlatky et al., \enquote{Depressive Symptoms,} 2002), again as the spec requires. There is, unfortunately, no simpler way that I know of to deal with this situation. \subsection*{Further examples (mainly for testing purposes)} \label{testing} Article: \autocite{assocpress:gun}; \autocite{brown:bremer}; \autocite{bundy:macneil}; \autocite{chu:panda}; \autocite{Clemens:letter}; \autocite{conley:fifthgrade}; \autocite{connell:chronic}; \autocite{friedman:learning}; \autocite{garaud:gatine}; \autocite{garrett}; \autocite{gibbard}; \autocite{kern}; \autocite{kimluu:diethyl}; \autocite{kozinn:review}; \autocite{lewis}; \autocite{loften:hamlet}; \autocite{loomis:structure}; \autocite{morgenson:market}; \autocite{osborne:poison}; \autocite{ratliff:review}; \autocite{reaves:rosen}; \autocite{rozner:liberation}; \autocite{schneider:mittelpleistozaene}; \autocite{sewall:letter}; \autocite{stenger:privacy}; \autocite{terborgh:preservation}; \autocite{wall:radio}; \autocite{wallraff:word}; \autocite{warr:ellison}; \autocite{white:callimachus}. Artwork: \autocite{leo:madonna}. Book: \autocite{barrows:reading}; \autocite{churchill:letters}; \autocite{cohen:schiff}; \autocite{cotton:manufacture}; \autocite{creasey:ashe:blast}; \autocite{creasey:morton:hide}; \autocite{creasey:york:death}; \autocite{davenport:attention}; \autocite{feydeau:farces}; \autocite{furet:passing:eng}; \autocite{furet:passing:fr}; \autocite{harley:cartography}; \autocite{hopp:attalid}; \autocite{howell:marriage}; \autocite{lach:asia}; \autocite{lecarre:quest}; \autocite{levistrauss:savage}; \autocite{lynch:webstyle}; \autocite{maisonneuve:relations}; \autocite{mchugh:wake}; \autocite{menchu:crossing}; \autocite{meredith:letters}; \autocite{michelangelo:poems}; \autocite{mla:style}; \autocite{natrecoff:camera}; \autocite{palmatary:pottery}; \autocite{pelikan:christian}; \autocite{rodman:walk}; \autocite{schellinger:novel}; \autocite{sechzer:women}; \autocite{sereny:cries}; \autocite{soltes:georgia}; \autocite{stendhal:parma}; \autocite{suangtho:tectona}; \autocite{thompson:making}; \autocite{tillich:system}; \autocite{times:guide}; \autocite{turabian:manual}; \autocite{walker:columbia}; \autocite{wauchope:ceramics}; \autocite{weber:saugetiere}; \autocite{weresz}; \autocite{white:total}; \autocite{wright:evolution}; \autocite{wright:theory}. BookInBook: \autocite{bernard:boris}. Collection: \autocite{brush:ornithology}; \autocite{kamrany:economic}; \autocite{prairie:state}; \autocite{zukowsky:chicago}. Image: \autocite{bedford:photo}. InBook: \autocite{ashbrook:brain}; \autocite{phibbs:diary}; \autocite{will:cohere}. InCollection: \autocite{centinel:letters}; \autocite{ellet:galena}; \autocite{keating:dearborn}; \autocite{lippincott:chicago}; \autocite{sirosh:visualcortex}; \autocite{wiens:avian}. Manual: \autocite{dyna:browser}. Online: \autocite{powell:email}. Patent: \autocite{petroff:impurity}. Periodical: \autocite{good:wholeissue}; \autocite{whittington:water}. Report: \autocite{herwign:office}. SuppBook: \autocite{friedman:intro}; \autocite{polakow:afterw}; \autocite{prose:intro}. Thesis: \autocite{murphy:silent}. Unpublished: \autocite{nass:address}. \printshorthands \nocite{*} \printbibliography[title=References,maxnames=10,minnames=7] \end{document} %%% Local Variables: %%% mode: latex %%% TeX-master: t %%% End: