%&program=xelatex %&encoding=UTF-8 Unicode \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage{fontspec} \setromanfont{Junicode} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{1}{+ss01} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{insular}{+ss02,-liga} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{highline}{+ss04} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{medline}{+ss05} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{enlarged}{+ss06} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{underdot}{+ss07} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{altyogh}{+ss08} \newICUfeature{StyleSet}{altpua}{+ss09} \newICUfeature{LigType}{disc}{+dlig} \newICUfeature{LigType}{hist}{+hlig} \newICUfeature{LongS}{on}{+hist,+fina} \newICUfeature{IPAMode}{on}{+mgrk,-liga} \newICUfeature{Compose}{off}{-ccmp} \newICUfeature{Contextual}{on}{+calt} \newICUfeature{Swash}{on}{+swsh} \newICUfeature{Fractions}{on}{+frac} \newICUfeature{Superscripts}{on}{+sups} \newICUfeature{Subscripts}{on}{+subs} \newcommand{\sampletext}{Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. 12345 \fontspec[Numbers=OldStyle]{Junicode}12345} \newcommand{\sctext}{Cum multa divinitus, pontifices, a ma\-ioribus nos\-tris in\-venta atque in\-sti\-tuta sunt} \frenchspacing \begin{document} \large \section*{Junicode} \fontspec[Contextual=on]{Junicode}The Junicode font is designed to meet the needs of medieval scholars; however, it has a large enough character set to be useful to the general user. It comes in Regular, Italic, Bold and Bold Italic faces. The Regular face has the fullest character set, and is richest in OpenType features. Because Junicode has been designed for medievalists, some of the default letter-shapes are wrong for modern languages: for example, eogonek (ę) is correctly shaped for medieval Latin but looks poor in Polish. It is possible to add language-specific letter-shapes, but this has not always been done. If you wish to see better support for any modern, medieval or ancient language, please leave a request at the Junicode project page (http://sourceforge.net/projects/junicode). Junicode partially implements the recommendation of the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative. Look for special MUFI characters in the Private Use Area (U+E000 and above). Download the complete recommendation at http://www.mufi.info/. Please note that MUFI and the Junicode font change as medieval characters are adopted by the Unicode standard: these changes are outlined in the MUFI recommendation, which maintainers of medieval editions should consult for help in keeping their projects up to date. Junicode is licensed under the GNU Public License. For a copy of this license and notes on the way the GPL applies to this font, see the file License.pdf. A quick summary of the license: You may use Junicode in any kind of publication without fee or restriction. You may modify the font for your own use. You may distribute your modified version if you license it under the GNU Public License. \pagebreak \subsection*{OpenType Features} {\itshape Only OpenType-aware applications can make use of OpenType features. Among these are Adobe InDesign, Mellel, and (to a limited extent) Microsoft Word. XeTeX, a typesetting program built on top of TeX, has especially good support. The following are standard OpenType features (not all available in all faces). For OpenType features especially for medievalists, see the next section.}\\ \noindent Like many old-style fonts, Junicode contains several f-ligatures (first flight offer office afflict fjord). It also has a number of other standard ligatures, e.g. thrift fifty afraid für fördern. It also has long-s ligatures (aſſert ſtart ſlick omiſſion and more). Most OpenType-aware applications will use these by default. You can disable them by turning off “Standard Ligatures” (liga). {\itshape All faces.}\\ \noindent If “Contextual Alternates” (calt) and “Horizontal Kerning” (kern) are on (as they should be by default), Junicode will avoid collisions between f and vowels with diacritics, e.g. fêler fíf fŭl.\\ \noindent For circled numbers and letters, use “Discretionary Ligatures” (dlig):\\ \hspace*{10pt}[1] {\fontspec[LigType=disc]{Junicode}= [1]}\\ \hspace*{10pt}[A] {\fontspec[LigType=disc]{Junicode}= [A]}\\ \hspace*{10pt}[a] {\fontspec[LigType=disc]{Junicode}= [a]}\\ \hspace*{10pt}[[1]] {\fontspec[LigType=disc]{Junicode}= [[1]]}\\ \hspace*{10pt}<1> {\fontspec[LigType=disc]{Junicode}= <1>}\\ The same feature also gives you connected Roman numbers {\fontspec[LigType=disc]{Junicode}(I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII), and fancy ligatures, e.g. act star track bitten attract.} {\itshape Regular face only.}\\ \noindent With “Glyph Composition/Decomposition” (ccmp), a base character followed by one or more combining diacritical marks is replaced with a precomposed character when one is available: A + U+301 makes Á; a + U+301 makes á. Notice that although the combining acute character (U+301) is the same, the A actually has a special capital form of the acute. {\itshape All faces, depending on the availability of composed characters and combining diacritics.}\\ \noindent Where no precomposed character is available, combining marks should still be correctly positioned, and marks can be “stacked” via “Mark to Base” (mark) and “Mark to Mark” (mkmk): ŏ́ (o + U+306 + U+301); ī̆ (i + U+304 + U+306). The dot of an i or j followed by a diacritic will generally be removed: i̽. {\itshape All faces; anchors less plentiful in bold and italic faces than in regular; diacritic stacking not available in bold italic.}\\ \noindent Use “Small Caps” (smcp) to change lower-case letters to small caps; add “Caps to Small Caps” (c2sc) for text entirely in small caps. {\scshape Junicode has true small caps rather than scaled capitals.} Common combining diacritical marks should be positioned correctly relative to small caps: {\scshape äçé}. {\itshape Regular face only.}\\ \noindent You have a choice of either standard “lining” figures or old-style figures, selected by “Old-Style Numbers” (onum): 0123456789 {\fontspec[Numbers=OldStyle]{Junicode}0123456789.} {\itshape All faces.}\\ \noindent Superscript numbers are rendered with “Superscripts” (sups): {\fontspec[Superscripts=on]{Junicode} 0123456789}. Subscript numbers are rendered with “Subscripts” (subs): {\fontspec[Subscripts=on]{Junicode} 0123456789}. {\itshape Regular only.}\\ \noindent A sequence of number + slash + number is rendered by a fraction if the fraction has a Unicode encoding and “Fractions” (frac) is on: {\fontspec[Fractions=on]{Junicode} 1/2 1/4 2/3 3/4}. {\itshape All faces, but fullest in regular and bold.}\\ \noindent The design of a few Junicode characters has changed since the font was introduced. The original designs, if you prefer them, will always be available via “Style Set 9” (ss09). Currently there are just a few such alternates: {\fontspec[StyleSet=altpua]{Junicode} } for , {\fontspec[StyleSet=altpua]{Junicode} T} for T, {\scshape{\fontspec[StyleSet=altpua]{Junicode} t} for t}. \pagebreak \subsection*{Notes on Junicode and MUFI} The MUFI specification defines a great many characters of interest to medievalists; the current version of Junicode contains most of these. While many MUFI characters have Unicode encodings, many others have MUFI-recommended encodings in the “Private Use Area” (PUA) of the Unicode standard—that is, a range of code points not assigned to Unicode characters and available for use in fonts for specialized purposes. Use of the PUA allows MUFI to include many characters that are not part of the Unicode standard. There are risks with this approach. First, use of the PUA is deprecated by Adobe and Microsoft (major players in fonts and type rendering), and it is uncertain whether applications will continue to support it indefinitely. Second, and probably more important, MUFI characters are regularly accepted by the Unicode Consortium, whereupon they lose their PUA encodings and receive Unicode encodings—breaking any application that uses them. To minimize these risks, the MUFI specification strongly recommends “that PUA characters should be encoded with mark-up or entities, and that PUA characters should be used for the final display only, whether on screen or in print.” An alternative to entities is the use of OpenType features. If you are using an OpenType-aware application (e.g. XeTeX, InDesign, Mellel, and to a limited extent MS Word), many or all of the OpenType features of Junicode can help you avoid using PUA characters directly.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Characters with diacritics.} Both Unicode and MUFI contain large numbers of characters with diacritics. Make it a habit never to use these “precomposed” characters directly; rather use the “plain” character followed by a character from the Unicode “Combining Diacritics” range. (This works with Word for Windows when Uniscribe is enabled, and also with other OpenType-aware applications.) In almost all cases the application will either substitute the correct precomposed character or position the diacritic correctly. For characters with more than one diacritic, follow these rules: when diacritics are stacked vertically, insert the one closest to the base character first; when diacritics are arranged horizontally, insert the leftmost one first. Examples: a + macron + acute = ā́; o + dot + acute = . Remember that Unicode has both spacing and combining diacritics; only the combining diacritics will work correctly. If any combination fails to work for you, please leave a bug report at the Junicode website.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Small caps.} Make it a hard-and-fast rule {\itshape never} to insert any small cap character into your documents. The encoding of small caps is inherently unstable and non-portable. MUFI recommends using small cap-like characters from the Unicode phonetic ranges, but this would be an error with many fonts, including Junicode, which size phonetic “small caps” to harmonize with lower-case characters, whereas true small caps are somewhat larger. Always use the small caps command provided by the application you are using. If the application is able, it will use Junicode’s true small caps. You may use the “small caps” in the phonetic ranges to set IPA text. The “small cap” ʀ is also recommended for setting transliterations of early Norse runic texts.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Nordic letter-forms.} The default shape of ð and þ in Junicode is English: this is unusual in modern fonts. For the shapes used in Icelandic, specify the Icelandic language, if your application has good language support, or select “Style Set 1” (ss01): {\fontspec[Language=Icelandic]{Junicode} ðþ}.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Insular letter-forms.} Insular letter-forms have recently been accepted by Unicode, and therefore their encodings will change. For Junicode, use “Style Set 2” (ss02) for insular letter-forms if your application supports it: {\fontspec[StyleSet=insular]{Junicode} abcdefg.} Turn off “Standard Ligatures” (liga) for best results.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Old English typography.} When Old English is set with Junicode, some letter combinations can produce unattractive collisions. To avoid this, make sure that “Contextual Alternates” (calt) and “Standard Ligatures” (liga) are on (as they should be by default): hæfð hæfþ fūl nīð.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Enlarged minuscules.} In Junicode, “Style Set 6” (ss06) produces enlarged minuscules, thus: {\fontspec[StyleSet=enlarged]{Junicode} abcdefg.} Since the underlying text remains unchanged, enlarged text can be searched like normal text.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Overlined characters.} The MUFI specification envisions a font-based mechanism for producing text with overlines. Probably this will not be practical in the near future; rather, use your application’s line-drawing facilities to produce text with overlines. For Junicode, roman numbers are an exception. Use “Style Set 4” (ss04) for roman numbers with high overline ({\fontspec[StyleSet=highline]{Junicode} viii XCXV}) and “Style Set 5” (ss05) for lower-case roman numbers with medium-high overline ({\fontspec[StyleSet=medline]{Junicode} viii dclx}).\\ \noindent {\bfseries Letters with flourishes.} For letters with flourishes (sometimes used for setting Middle English texts), use “Swash” (swsh): {\fontspec[Swash=on]{Junicode}c d f g k n r}.\\ \noindent {\bfseries Ligatures.} Nearly all of MUFI’s ligatures are accessible via “Historical Ligatures” (hlig). {\fontspec[LigType=hist]{Junicode}Even if you are not a medievalist, you may still be amused by the strange effects you can achieve by turning on this feature: egg track caught fan sock book AA aa AO ao AU au AV av.}\\ \noindent {\bfseries Deleted text.} In medieval manuscripts, text is often deleted by placing a dot under each letter. Both Unicode and MUFI define many characters with dots below: {\fontspec[StyleSet=underdot]{Junicode} if possible, you should avoid hard-coding these and instead use} “Style Set 7” (ss07).\\ \noindent {\bfseries Alternate yogh.} For Middle English, always use the yogh at U+021C and U+021D (Ȝȝ). Unicode also has an alternative yogh, which in Junicode has a flat top. If you prefer this, leave the underlying text the same and specify “Style Set 8” (ss08): {\fontspec[StyleSet=altyogh]{Junicode} Ȝȝ}.\\ \noindent One conflict between MUFI and Junicode has been handled as follows: MUFI assigns {\scshape latin letter long s descending} to U+F127, where Junicode has {\scshape latin letter small insular s}, and insular s to U+F22E. To maintain compatibility with earlier versions, Junicode has insular s at both code points. Note also that Unicode now assigns insular s to code point U+A785. Users should recode their documents to comply with the Unicode Standard; a future version of Junicode will have {\scshape latin letter long s descending} at U+F127. \pagebreak \subsection*{Old and Middle English} Wē æthrynon mid ūrum ārum þā ȳðan þæs dēopan wǣles; wē ġesāwon ēac þā muntas ymbe þǣre sealtan sǣ strande, and wē mid āðēnedum hræġle and ġesundfullum windum þǣr ġewīcodon on þām ġemǣrum þǣre fæġerestan þēode. Þā ȳðan ġetācniað þisne dēopan cræft, and þā muntas ġetācniað ēac þā miċelnyssa þisses cræftes.\\ \noindent{\small\itshape Apply the OpenType feature ss02 (Style Set 2) for insular letter-forms.}\\[1ex] \fontspec[StyleSet=insular]{Junicode} Her cynewulf benam sigebryht his rices \& westseaxna wiotan for unryhtum dædum buton hamtunscire \& he hæfde þa oþ he ofslog þone aldorman þe him lengest wunode \& hiene þa cynewulf on andred adræfde \& he þær wunade oþ þæt hine an swan ofstang æt pryfetesflodan \& he wræc þone aldorman cumbran \& se cynewulf oft miclum gefeohtum feaht uuiþ bretwalum.\\ \fontspec{Junicode} \noindent SIÞEN þe sege and þe assaut watz sesed at Troye,\\ Þe borȝ brittened and brent to brondez and askez,\\ Þe tulk þat þe trammes of tresoun þer wroȝt\\ Watz tried for his tricherie, þe trewest on erthe:\\ Hit watz Ennias þe athel, and his highe kynde,\\ Þat siþen depreced prouinces, and patrounes bicome\\ Welneȝe of al þe wele in þe west iles. \subsection*{Old Icelandic} \fontspec[Language=Icelandic]{Junicode} {\small\itshape For Nordic shapes of þ and ð, specify the Icelandic language, if your application has good language support; or apply the OpenType ss01 (Style Set 1) feature.}\\[1ex] Um haustit sendi Mǫrðr Valgarðsson orð at Gunnarr myndi vera einn heimi, en lið alt myndi vera niðri í eyjum at lúka heyverkum. Riðu þeir Gizurr Hvíti ok Geirr Goði austr yfir ár, þegar þeir spurðu þat, ok austr yfir sanda til Hofs. Þá sendu þeir orð Starkaði undir Þríhyrningi; ok fundusk þeir þar allir er at Gunnari skyldu fara, ok réðu hversu at skyldi fara. \subsection*{Runic} \fontspec{Junicode} ᚠᛁᛋᚳ ᚠᛚᚩᛞᚢ ᚪᚻᚩᚠ ᚩᚾ ᚠᛖᚱᚷᛖᚾᛒᛖᚱᛁᚷ ᚹᚪᚱᚦ ᚷᚪ᛬ᛇᚱᛁᚳ ᚷᚱᚩᚱᚾ ᚦᚨᚱ ᚻᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚷᚱᛖᚢᛏ ᚷᛁᛇᚹᚩᛗ ᚻᚱᚩᚾᚨᛇ ᛒᚪᚾ\\ ᚱᚩᛗᚹᚪᛚᚢᛇ ᚪᚾᛞ ᚱᛖᚢᛗᚹᚪᛚᚢᛇ ᛏᚹᛟᚷᛖᚾ ᚷᛁᛒᚱᚩᚦᚫᚱ ᚪᚠᛟᛞᛞᚫ ᛞᛁᚫ ᚹᚣᛚᛁᚠ ᚩᚾ ᚱᚩᛗᚫᚳᚫᛇᛏᛁ᛬ ᚩᚦᛚᚫ ᚢᚾᚾᛖᚷ \subsection*{Latin} {\small\itshape Junicode contains the most common Latin abbreviations, making it suitable for diplomatic editions of Latin texts.}\\[1ex] Adiuuanos dſ̄ ſalutariſ noſter \& ꝓpt̄ głam nominiſ tui dnē liƀanoſ· \& ꝓpitiuſ eſto peccatiſ noſtriſ ꝓpter nomen tuum· Ne forte dicant ingentib: ubi eſt dſ̄ eorum \& innoteſcat innationib: corā oculiſ nr̄iſ· Poſuerunt moſticina ſeruorū ruorū eſcaſ uolatilib: cęli carneſ ſcō tuo beſtiiſ tenice· Facti ſum obꝓbrium uiciniſ nr̄iſ· \subsection*{Gothic Transliteration} jabai auk ƕas gasaiƕiþ þuk þana habandan kunþi in galiuge stada anakumbjandan, niu miþwissei is siukis wisandins timrjada du galiugagudam gasaliþ matjan? fraqistniþ auk sa unmahteiga ana þeinamma witubnja broþar in þize Xristus gaswalt. swaþ~þan frawaurkjandans wiþra broþruns, slahandans ize gahugd siuka, du Xristau frawaurkeiþ. \subsection*{Sanskrit Transliteration} \noindent mānaṃ dvividhaṃ viṣayadvai vidyātśaktyaśaktitaḥ \\ arthakriyāyāṃ keśadirnārtho ’narthādhimokṣataḥ\\[1ex] sadṛśāsadṛśatvācca viṣayāviṣayatvataḥ \\ śabdasyānyanimittānāṃ bhāve dhīsadasattvataḥ \subsection*{International Phonetic Alphabet} \fontspec[IPAMode=on]{Junicode} hwɑn θɑt ɑːprɪl wiθ is ʃuːrəs soːtə θə drʊxt ɔf mɑrʧ hɑθ peːrsəd toː θə roːte ɑnd bɑːðəd ɛvrɪ væɪn ɪn swɪʧ lɪkuːr ɔf hwɪʧ vɛrtɪu ɛnʤɛndrəd ɪs θə fluːr hwɑn zɛfɪrʊs eːk wɪθ hɪs sweːtə bræːθ \fontspec{Junicode} \subsection*{Greek} {\small\itshape The Greek typeface (new in version 0.6.12) is based on the Greek Double Pica cut by Alexander Wilson of Glasgow in the eighteenth century; in future releases it is likely to undergo revisions to adapt it for modern use.}\\[1ex] βίβλος γενέσεως ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ υἱοῦ δαυὶδ υἱοῦ ἀβραάμ. ἀβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ἰσαάκ, ἰσαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ἰακώβ, ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, ἰούδας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν φάρες καὶ τὸν ζάρα ἐκ τῆς θαμάρ, φάρες δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ἑσρώμ, ἑσρὼμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ἀράμ, ἀρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ἀμιναδάβ, ἀμιναδὰβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν ναασσών, ναασσὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν σαλμών, σαλμὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν βόες ἐκ τῆς ῥαχάβ, βόες δὲ ἐγέννησεν \pagebreak \fontspec{Junicode} \noindent {\tiny \sampletext} {\small \sampletext} {\large \sampletext} {\Large \sampletext} {\LARGE \sampletext} {\huge \sampletext}\\ {\itshape\noindent {\tiny \sampletext} {\small \sampletext} {\large \sampletext} {\Large \sampletext} {\LARGE \sampletext} {\huge \sampletext}}\\ \noindent {\scshape {\tiny \sctext} {\small \sctext} {\large \sctext} {\Large \sctext} {\LARGE \sctext}} \pagebreak {\bfseries\noindent {\tiny \sampletext} {\small \sampletext} {\large \sampletext} {\Large \sampletext} {\LARGE \sampletext} {\huge \sampletext}}\\ {\bfseries\itshape\noindent {\tiny \sampletext} {\small \sampletext} {\large \sampletext} {\Large \sampletext} {\LARGE \sampletext} {\huge \sampletext}}\\ \noindent{\LARGE abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz æðþȝ\\ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ ÆÐÞȜ\\ αβγδεζηθικλμνξοπρςστυφχψω\\ ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΩ} \pagebreak \noindent The Junicode font is available at http://junicode.sourceforge.net/. You can also find it in the repositories of many Linux distributions, and also via CTAN. Visit the Junicode Project Page at SourceForge to leave feature requests and bug reports. Contributions are welcome: if you wish to contribute to Junicode, leave a patch at the Project Page or contact the developer.\\ \subsection*{Developer} Peter S. Baker, University of Virginia \subsection*{Contributors} Denis Moyogo Jacquerye\\ Adam Buchbinder\\ Pablo Rodriguez\\ \noindent Thanks to the many users who have submitted feature requests and bug reports.\\ \def\reflect#1{{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\rlap{\kern0.5\wd0 \special{x:gsave}\special{x:scale -1 1}}\box0 \special{x:grestore}}} \def\XeTeX{\leavevmode \setbox0=\hbox{X\lower.5ex\hbox{\kern-.15em\reflect{E}}\kern-.1667em \TeX}% \dp0=0pt\ht0=0pt\box0 } \noindent This document was set with {\XeTeX}. \end{document}