\documentclass[11pt]{article} \usepackage{multicol} \usepackage[preprocess]{itrans} % Ross Moore's extensions to latex2html \usepackage{html} % from standard latex2html package % if you do not have html.sty in your machine, change the html to % htmlstub (htmlstub.sty is included in the ITRANS/lib directory) \portraitpage \addtolength{\textheight}{9pt}%ConsonantForms table has 8pt overfull vbox... \parindent=0pt \newfont{\pun}{pun at 14pt} \setlength{\columnseprule}{0pt} #usecsx #indianifm=pun.ifm #indianfont=\pun % no shortmarkers: June '98: changed all ## to #indian, to allow the use of % Ross Moore's latex2html ITRANS extensions. \begin{document} \footnotetext[0]{Last modification: \today} \centerline{\LARGE \bfseries Gurmukh{\=\i} for ITRANS} \medskip \centerline{\Large \itshape pun.ifm} \bigskip \centerline{\large Anshuman Pandey} \vspace*{.3in} \section{Fonts} This document explains the {\tt pun.ifm} Indian Font Metric (IFM) file for use with ITRANS. This IFM is to be used with the Gurmukh{\=\i} PostScript font `Punjabi' ({\tt pun}). The inventory of signs for `Punjabi' and their ITRANS transliteration codes are given in Table \ref{chars}. \medskip I have also developed an IFM file for Amarjit Singh's Gurmukhi {\sf METAFONT} which is bundled with his {\it Gurmukhi for \LaTeX{}\/} package. The IFM for Singh's font is called {\tt grmk.ifm}. Please refer to {\tt grmk.itx} for details. The Gurmukh{\=\i} Postscript font `Punjabi' ({\tt pun}) was designed by, and is copyright Hardip Singh Pannu, 1992-94. I am not sure whether this font is commercial or if it was released into the public domain, so please do not modify or make derivative versions of the font. \section{ITRANS Usage} The identifiers {\tt {\char35}gurmukhi} and {\tt {\char35}endgurmukhi} can to be used to encode Gurmukh{\=\i} text in ITRANS. \subsection{Nuances} Many of the conventions of the Gurmukh{\=\i} script have been hard-coded into the {\tt pun.ifm} file. Some of these are illustrated below: \begin{enumerate} \item \textbf{Geminate consonants} in Gurmukh{\=\i} are not written twice or with consonant conjuncts. Rather the first letter is dropped and only the second letter is written. A diacritic called {\it addak\/} is placed above the preceding letter, ie. #indian hatth#endindian \ {\tt hatth}. As can be seen from the input transliteration, nothing special needs to be done to produce the {\it addak\/} in ITRANS; the IFM file is coded for geminate consonants. However, an {\it addak\/} may be explicitly encoded as {\tt .c}, ie. #indian a.cdak#endindian \ {\tt a.cdak}. Geminate consonants of the form {\it unaspirated-unaspirated\/} (ie. {\it kk\/}) and {\it unaspirated-aspirated\/} (ie. {\it kkh\/}) are accounted for. When the geminate consonants are {\it nn} or {\it mm}, a sign called {\it \d{t}ipp{\=\i}} is used instead of {\it addak\/}, ie. {\it lamm{\=\i}\/} \ #indian lammii#endindian \ {\tt lammii}. {\it \d{T}ipp{\=\i}\/} is one of the nasalization diacritics. Again the {\it addak\/} is automatically produced by the IFM file. The following is a list of geminated consonants supported in this IFM file: %\centerline{Geminated Consonants} \begin{makeimage} \begin{multicols}{4} {\tt k} $+$ {\tt ka} $=$ #indian kka#endindian \\ {\tt k} $+$ {\tt kha} $=$ #indian kkha#endindian \\ {\tt g} $+$ {\tt ga} $=$ #indian gga#endindian \\ {\tt g} $+$ {\tt gha} $=$ #indian ggha#endindian \\ {\tt c} $+$ {\tt ca} $=$ #indian cca#endindian \\ {\tt c} $+$ {\tt cha} $=$ #indian ccha#endindian \\ {\tt j} $+$ {\tt ja} $=$ #indian jja#endindian \\ {\tt j} $+$ {\tt jha} $=$ #indian jjha#endindian \\ {\tt T} $+$ {\tt Ta} $=$ #indian TTa#endindian \\ {\tt T} $+$ {\tt Tha} $=$ #indian TTha#endindian \\ {\tt D} $+$ {\tt Da} $=$ #indian DDa#endindian \\ {\tt D} $+$ {\tt Dha} $=$ #indian DDha#endindian \\ {\tt t} $+$ {\tt ta} $=$ #indian tta#endindian \\ {\tt t} $+$ {\tt tha} $=$ #indian ttha#endindian \\ {\tt d} $+$ {\tt da} $=$ #indian dda#endindian \\ {\tt d} $+$ {\tt dha} $=$ #indian ddha#endindian \\ {\tt n} $+$ {\tt na} $=$ #indian nna#endindian \\ {\tt p} $+$ {\tt pa} $=$ #indian ppa#endindian \\ {\tt p} $+$ {\tt pha} $=$ #indian ppha#endindian \\ {\tt b} $+$ {\tt ba} $=$ #indian bba#endindian \\ {\tt b} $+$ {\tt bha} $=$ #indian bbha#endindian \\ {\tt m} $+$ {\tt ma} $=$ #indian mma#endindian \\ {\tt y} $+$ {\tt ya} $=$ #indian yya#endindian \\ {\tt r} $+$ {\tt ra} $=$ #indian rra#endindian \\ {\tt l} $+$ {\tt la} $=$ #indian lla#endindian \\ {\tt v} $+$ {\tt va} $=$ #indian vva#endindian \\ {\tt s} $+$ {\tt sa} $=$ #indian ssa#endindian \end{multicols} \end{makeimage} \item \textbf{Nasalization} in Gurmukh{\=\i} is indicated by two diacritics called {\it \d{t}ipp{\=\i}\/} and {\it bi\d{m}d{\=\i}\/}. I have coded these as {\tt .n} and {\tt .N}, respectively. In doing so I have redefined the character codes for {\it anusv\=ara\/} and {\it candrabindu\/} in {\tt pun.ifm}. {\it \d{T}ipp{\=\i}\/} is used with the vowels {\it a\/}, {\it i\/}, and {\it u\/}, and with {\it \=u\/} when it is in word-final position, ie. #indian mu.nDaa#endindian \ {\tt mu.nDaa}. {\it Bi\d{m}d{\=\i}\/} is used with all other vowels, ie. #indian shaa.Nt#endindian \ {\tt shaa.Nt}. A nasal and consonant when of the same class may either be encoded with the nasal class code or with {\it \d{t}ipp{\=\i}} {\tt .n}. For example, {\it a\.nga\/} may either be encoded #indian aN^ga#endindian \ {\tt aN\char`^ga} or #indian a.nga#endindian \ {\tt a.nga}. In either case, the IFM file will automatically handle and produce the correct output. \item \textbf{Consonant conjuncts} are limited in Gurmukh{\=\i} and are much simpler than those of Devan\=agar{\=\i}. I have completed some conjuncts, but I have still researching for a comprehensive list. Once I have included these in the IFM file then the file will be complete. The list of consonant conjunctions coded in the IFM is as follows: \medskip \begin{makeimage} \begin{multicols}{5} {\tt k} + {\tt ra} $=$ #indian kra#endindian \\ {\tt g} + {\tt ra} $=$ #indian gra#endindian \\ {\tt t} + {\tt ra} $=$ #indian tra#endindian \\ {\tt d} + {\tt ra} $=$ #indian dra#endindian \\ {\tt p} + {\tt ra} $=$ #indian pra#endindian \\ {\tt b} + {\tt ra} $=$ #indian bra#endindian \\ {\tt d} + {\tt va} $=$ #indian dva#endindian \\ {\tt s} + {\tt va} $=$ #indian sva#endindian \\ {\tt d} + {\tt ya} $=$ #indian dya#endindian \\ {\tt n} + {\tt ha} $=$ #indian nha#endindian \end{multicols} \end{makeimage} \medskip There are five consonants in Old Pa\~nj\=ab{\=\i} which are actually conjunct consonants. These are the voiced aspirate (breathy voice) consonants given below. I have accounted for them in the IFM file. \begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.45} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|ll|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{10}{|c|}{\it Old Pa\~nj\=ab{\=\i} Voiced Aspirates\/} \\ \hline {\tt nha} & #indian nha#endindian & {\tt rha} & #indian rha#endindian & {\tt lha} & #indian lha#endindian & {\tt vha} & #indian vha#endindian & {\tt .Dha} & #indian .Dha#endindian \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \end{center} \bigskip \item \textbf{Vowel-bearers} are null characters which are modified with diacritics to form the vowels. The vowel bearers are {\it u\/} {\pun `\char117} for back vowels, {\it a\/} {\pun `\char97} for low vowels, and {\it i\/} {\pun `\char101} for front vowels. I could not account for these in the IFM file so they had to be accessed directly through character codes from the {\tt pun} font. The codes are {\tt u}, {\tt a}, and {\tt i}, respectively. Perhaps Avinash Chopde could account for them if it is decided that Gurmukh{\=\i} will be made a part of ITRANS. Suggested input for the vowel-bearers are {\tt `a}, {\tt `u}, and {\tt `i}. \end{enumerate} \subsection{Variations} \begin{enumerate} \item The {\it m\=atr\=a\/} for #indian au#endindian \ {\tt au} is sometimes not written. A word like #indian augaNu#endindian \ {\tt augaNu} may be written alternately as #indian a_ugaNu#endindian \ {\tt a\char`_ugaNu}. \end{enumerate} \section{Examples} The following example, a poem by Bulleh Shah, illustrates the typesetting of Gurmukh{\=\i} in ITRANS using {\tt pun.ifm}. \begin{quote} \begin{makeimage} \begin{multicols}{2} #indian bhaiNaa.N mai.N katadii katadii huTTii . \\ pa.Dii pacchii pichavaa.De rahi ga_ii .. \\ hatth vic rahi ga_ii juTTii . \\ agge carakhaa picche piiha.Daa .. \\ hatth meriu.N ta.nd TuTTii .. #endindian \medskip {\it bhai\d{n}\=a\d{m} mai\d{m} katad{\=\i} katad{\=\i} hu\d{t}\d{t}{\=\i}; \\ pa\d{r}{\=\i} pacch{\=\i} pichaw\=a\d{r}e rahi ga{\=\i}. \\ hatth vic rahi ga{\=\i} ju\d{t}\d{t}{\=\i}; \\ agge carakh\=a picche p{\=\i}ha\d{r}\=a. \\ hatth meriu\d{m} ta\d{m}d \d{t}u\d{t}\d{t}{\=\i}.} \end{multicols} \end{makeimage} \end{quote} \hfill{\itshape -- Bulleh Shah} \subsection{Another Example} \def\,{{\rm,}} \centerline{#indian 1 AUM \quad satiguru prasaadi #endindian} \centerline{#indian suuhii mahalaa 5 #endindian} \bigskip \begin{makeimage} \begin{quote}\begin{quote} {\obeylines #indian jis ke sir uupari tuu.n suaamii\, so dukhu kaisaa paavai || boli n jaanai maaiiaa madi maataa\, maraNaa ciiti na aavai || 1|| mere raamaraaii\, tuu.n santaa kaa sant tere || tere sevak kau bhau kichu naahii\, jamu nahii aavai nere || 1|| rahaa_u || jo terai raN^gi raate suaamii\, tin kaa janam maraN dukhu naasaa || terii bakhas na meTai koI\, satigur kaa dilaasaa || 2|| naamu dhiaaiini\, sukh phala paaiini\, aaTh pahar aaraadhahi || terii saraNi tere bharavaasai\, pa~nc dushaT lai saadhahi || 3|| giaanu dhiaanu kichu karamu na jaaNaa\, saar na jaaNaa terii || sabh te vaDaa satiguru naanak\, jini kala raakhii merii || 4|| 10|| 57|| #endindian } \end{quote}\end{quote} \end{makeimage} \section{Limitations} \begin{enumerate} \item In {\it The World's Writing Systems\/}, Bright and Daniels, a character {\it \d{l}a} is given. This character is #indian la#endindian \ {\it la\/} with a {\it nuqta\/} beneath it. There is no glyph for it in the {\tt pun} font. Perhaps it can be hard-coded. \item The symbol of the Sikhs, \ {\pun `\char64} \ {\it ka\d{n}\d{d}\=a\/}, is available as a glyph in the {\tt pun} font. This is accessible as {\tt khNDa} or {\tt KND} in the input text. \end{enumerate} \vfill {\parindent=0pt Anshuman Pandey $<$\emph{apandey@u.washington.edu}$>$ } %%% Character Inventory %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %------------------------------------------------------------------- \begin{htmlonly} \section{Gurmukhi Table} \end{htmlonly} \begin{table} \begin{center} \renewcommand{\doublerulesep}{.5cm} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.40} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{6}{|c|}{\it Vowel Bearers\/} \\ \hline {\it back\/} & {\pun `\char117} & {\it low\/} & {\pun `\char97} & {\it front\/} & {\pun `\char101} \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \hspace*{.5cm} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{\it Fricatives\/} \\ \hline {\tt sa} & #indian sa#endindian & {\tt ha} & #indian ha#endindian \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \vspace*{.5cm} \\ \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|lll|lll|lll|lll|} \hline \multicolumn{12}{|c|}{\it Vowels\/} \\ \hline {\tt a} & #indian a#endindian & --- & {\tt aa} & #indian aa#endindian & {\pun `\char65} & {\tt i} & #indian i#endindian & {\pun `\char105} & {\tt ii} & #indian ii#endindian & {\pun `\char73} \\ {\tt u} & #indian u#endindian & {\pun `\char85} & {\tt uu} & #indian uu#endindian & {\pun `\char60} & {\tt e} & #indian e#endindian & {\pun `\char69} & {\tt ai} & #indian ai#endindian & {\pun `\char62} \\ {\tt o} & #indian o#endindian & {\pun `\char126} & {\tt au} & #indian au#endindian & {\pun `\char79} & {\tt aM} & [\ #indian aM#endindian\ ] & [\ {\pun `\char42}\ ] & {\tt aH} & [ #indian aH#endindian ] & [ {\pun `\char92} ] \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \vspace*{.5cm} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|ll|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{10}{|c|}{\it Occlusives\/} \\ \hline {\tt ka} & #indian ka#endindian & {\tt kha} & #indian kha#endindian & {\tt ga} & #indian ga#endindian & {\tt gha} & #indian gha#endindian & {\tt N\char`^a} & #indian N^a#endindian \\ {\tt ca} & #indian ca#endindian & {\tt cha} & #indian cha#endindian & {\tt ja} & #indian ja#endindian & {\tt jha} & #indian jha#endindian & {\tt \char`~na} & #indian ~na#endindian \\ {\tt Ta} & #indian Ta#endindian & {\tt Tha} & #indian Tha#endindian & {\tt Da} & #indian Da#endindian & {\tt Dha} & #indian Dha#endindian & {\tt Na} & #indian Na#endindian \\ {\tt ta} & #indian ta#endindian & {\tt tha} & #indian tha#endindian & {\tt da} & #indian da#endindian & {\tt dha} & #indian dha#endindian & {\tt na} & #indian na#endindian \\ {\tt pa} & #indian pa#endindian & {\tt pha} & #indian pha#endindian & {\tt ba} & #indian ba#endindian & {\tt bha} & #indian bha#endindian & {\tt ma} & #indian ma#endindian \\ \hline\hline \multicolumn{10}{|c|}{\it Sonorants\/} \\ \hline {\tt ya} & #indian ya#endindian & {\tt ra} & #indian ra#endindian & {\tt la} & #indian la#endindian & {\tt va} & #indian va#endindian & {\tt .Da} & #indian .Da#endindian \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \vspace*{.5cm} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|ll|ll|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{12}{|c|}{\it Supplementary Consonants\/} \\ \hline {\tt sha} & #indian sha#endindian & {\tt za} & #indian za#endindian & {\tt fa} & #indian fa#endindian & {\tt Ka} & #indian Ka#endindian & {\tt Ga} & #indian Ga#endindian & {\tt La} & --- \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \vspace*{.5cm} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|ll|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{10}{|c|}{\it Numerals\/} \\ \hline {\tt 0} & #indian 0#endindian & {\tt 1} & #indian 1#endindian & {\tt 2} & #indian 2#endindian & {\tt 3} & #indian 3#endindian & {\tt 4} & #indian 4#endindian \\ {\tt 5} & #indian 5#endindian & {\tt 6} & #indian 6#endindian & {\tt 7} & #indian 7#endindian & {\tt 8} & #indian 8#endindian & {\tt 9} & #indian 9#endindian \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \hspace*{.5cm} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|ll|ll|ll|} \hline \multicolumn{6}{|c|}{\it Specials\/} \\ \hline {\tt AUM} & #indian AUM#endindian & {\tt .c} & {\pun `\char38} & {\it KND} & {\pun `\char64} \\ {\tt .n} & {\pun `\char42} & {\tt .N} & {\pun `\char58} && \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \end{center} \caption{`Punjabi' PostScript font} \label{chars} \end{table} %%% Consonant-Vowel Combinations %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %------------------------------------------------------------------- \begin{htmlonly} \section{Table of Consonant Forms} \end{htmlonly} % All the consonant-vowel forms \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.25} \begin{table}[hp] \vspace*{-0.5in} \hspace*{0.0in}\vbox{ \begin{center} \begin{makeimage} \begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline / & {\tt a} & {\tt aa} & {\tt i} & {\tt ii} & {\tt u} & {\tt uu} & {\tt e} & {\tt ai} & {\tt o} & {\tt au} \\ \hline \hline {\tt k} & #indian ka #endindian & #indian kaa #endindian & #indian ki #endindian & #indian kii #endindian & #indian ku #endindian & #indian kuu #endindian & #indian ke #endindian & #indian kai #endindian & #indian ko #endindian & #indian kau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt kh} & #indian kha #endindian & #indian khaa #endindian & #indian khi #endindian & #indian khii #endindian & #indian khu #endindian & #indian khuu #endindian & #indian khe #endindian & #indian khai #endindian & #indian kho #endindian & #indian khau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt g} & #indian ga #endindian & #indian gaa #endindian & #indian gi #endindian & #indian gii #endindian & #indian gu #endindian & #indian guu #endindian & #indian ge #endindian & #indian gai #endindian & #indian go #endindian & #indian gau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt gh} & #indian gha #endindian & #indian ghaa #endindian & #indian ghi #endindian & #indian ghii #endindian & #indian ghu #endindian & #indian ghuu #endindian & #indian ghe #endindian & #indian ghai #endindian & #indian gho #endindian & #indian ghau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt N\char`^} & #indian ~Na #endindian & #indian ~Naa #endindian & #indian ~Ni #endindian & #indian ~Nii #endindian & #indian ~Nu #endindian & #indian ~Nuu #endindian & #indian ~Ne #endindian & #indian ~Nai #endindian & #indian ~No #endindian & #indian ~Nau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt c} & #indian ca #endindian & #indian caa #endindian & #indian ci #endindian & #indian cii #endindian & #indian cu #endindian & #indian cuu #endindian & #indian ce #endindian & #indian cai #endindian & #indian co #endindian & #indian cau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt ch} & #indian cha #endindian & #indian chaa #endindian & #indian chi #endindian & #indian chii #endindian & #indian chu #endindian & #indian chuu #endindian & #indian che #endindian & #indian chai #endindian & #indian cho #endindian & #indian chau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt j} & #indian ja #endindian & #indian jaa #endindian & #indian ji #endindian & #indian jii #endindian & #indian ju #endindian & #indian juu #endindian & #indian je #endindian & #indian jai #endindian & #indian jo #endindian & #indian jau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt jh} & #indian jha #endindian & #indian jhaa #endindian & #indian jhi #endindian & #indian jhii #endindian & #indian jhu #endindian & #indian jhuu #endindian & #indian jhe #endindian & #indian jhai #endindian & #indian jho #endindian & #indian jhau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt \char`~n} & #indian ~na #endindian & #indian ~naa #endindian & #indian ~ni #endindian & #indian ~nii #endindian & #indian ~nu #endindian & #indian ~nuu #endindian & #indian ~ne #endindian & #indian ~nai #endindian & #indian ~no #endindian & #indian ~nau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt T} & #indian Ta #endindian & #indian Taa #endindian & #indian Ti #endindian & #indian Tii #endindian & #indian Tu #endindian & #indian Tuu #endindian & #indian Te #endindian & #indian Tai #endindian & #indian To #endindian & #indian Tau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt Th} & #indian Tha #endindian & #indian Thaa #endindian & #indian Thi #endindian & #indian Thii #endindian & #indian Thu #endindian & #indian Thuu #endindian & #indian The #endindian & #indian Thai #endindian & #indian Tho #endindian & #indian Thau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt D} & #indian Da #endindian & #indian Daa #endindian & #indian Di #endindian & #indian Dii #endindian & #indian Du #endindian & #indian Duu #endindian & #indian De #endindian & #indian Dai #endindian & #indian Do #endindian & #indian Dau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt Dh} & #indian Dha #endindian & #indian Dhaa #endindian & #indian Dhi #endindian & #indian Dhii #endindian & #indian Dhu #endindian & #indian Dhuu #endindian & #indian Dhe #endindian & #indian Dhai #endindian & #indian Dho #endindian & #indian Dhau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt N} & #indian Na #endindian & #indian Naa #endindian & #indian Ni #endindian & #indian Nii #endindian & #indian Nu #endindian & #indian Nuu #endindian & #indian Ne #endindian & #indian Nai #endindian & #indian No #endindian & #indian Nau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt t} & #indian ta #endindian & #indian taa #endindian & #indian ti #endindian & #indian tii #endindian & #indian tu #endindian & #indian tuu #endindian & #indian te #endindian & #indian tai #endindian & #indian to #endindian & #indian tau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt th} & #indian tha #endindian & #indian thaa #endindian & #indian thi #endindian & #indian thii #endindian & #indian thu #endindian & #indian thuu #endindian & #indian the #endindian & #indian thai #endindian & #indian tho #endindian & #indian thau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt d} & #indian da #endindian & #indian daa #endindian & #indian di #endindian & #indian dii #endindian & #indian du #endindian & #indian duu #endindian & #indian de #endindian & #indian dai #endindian & #indian do #endindian & #indian dau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt dh} & #indian dha #endindian & #indian dhaa #endindian & #indian dhi #endindian & #indian dhii #endindian & #indian dhu #endindian & #indian dhuu #endindian & #indian dhe #endindian & #indian dhai #endindian & #indian dho #endindian & #indian dhau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt n} & #indian na #endindian & #indian naa #endindian & #indian ni #endindian & #indian nii #endindian & #indian nu #endindian & #indian nuu #endindian & #indian ne #endindian & #indian nai #endindian & #indian no #endindian & #indian nau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt p} & #indian pa #endindian & #indian paa #endindian & #indian pi #endindian & #indian pii #endindian & #indian pu #endindian & #indian puu #endindian & #indian pe #endindian & #indian pai #endindian & #indian po #endindian & #indian pau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt ph} & #indian pha #endindian & #indian phaa #endindian & #indian phi #endindian & #indian phii #endindian & #indian phu #endindian & #indian phuu #endindian & #indian phe #endindian & #indian phai #endindian & #indian pho #endindian & #indian phau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt b} & #indian ba #endindian & #indian baa #endindian & #indian bi #endindian & #indian bii #endindian & #indian bu #endindian & #indian buu #endindian & #indian be #endindian & #indian bai #endindian & #indian bo #endindian & #indian bau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt bh} & #indian bha #endindian & #indian bhaa #endindian & #indian bhi #endindian & #indian bhii #endindian & #indian bhu #endindian & #indian bhuu #endindian & #indian bhe #endindian & #indian bhai #endindian & #indian bho #endindian & #indian bhau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt m} & #indian ma #endindian & #indian maa #endindian & #indian mi #endindian & #indian mii #endindian & #indian mu #endindian & #indian muu #endindian & #indian me #endindian & #indian mai #endindian & #indian mo #endindian & #indian mau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt y} & #indian ya #endindian & #indian yaa #endindian & #indian yi #endindian & #indian yii #endindian & #indian yu #endindian & #indian yuu #endindian & #indian ye #endindian & #indian yai #endindian & #indian yo #endindian & #indian yau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt r} & #indian ra #endindian & #indian raa #endindian & #indian ri #endindian & #indian rii #endindian & #indian ru #endindian & #indian ruu #endindian & #indian re #endindian & #indian rai #endindian & #indian ro #endindian & #indian rau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt l} & #indian la #endindian & #indian laa #endindian & #indian li #endindian & #indian lii #endindian & #indian lu #endindian & #indian luu #endindian & #indian le #endindian & #indian lai #endindian & #indian lo #endindian & #indian lau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt v} & #indian va #endindian & #indian vaa #endindian & #indian vi #endindian & #indian vii #endindian & #indian vu #endindian & #indian vuu #endindian & #indian ve #endindian & #indian vai #endindian & #indian vo #endindian & #indian vau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt .D} & #indian .Da #endindian & #indian .Daa #endindian & #indian .Di #endindian & #indian .Dii #endindian & #indian .Du #endindian & #indian .Duu #endindian & #indian .De #endindian & #indian .Dai #endindian & #indian .Do #endindian & #indian .Dau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt sh} & #indian sha #endindian & #indian shaa #endindian & #indian shi #endindian & #indian shii #endindian & #indian shu #endindian & #indian shuu #endindian & #indian she #endindian & #indian shai #endindian & #indian sho #endindian & #indian shau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt z} & #indian za #endindian & #indian zaa #endindian & #indian zi #endindian & #indian zii #endindian & #indian zu #endindian & #indian zuu #endindian & #indian ze #endindian & #indian zai #endindian & #indian zo #endindian & #indian zau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt f} & #indian fa #endindian & #indian faa #endindian & #indian fi #endindian & #indian fii #endindian & #indian fu #endindian & #indian fuu #endindian & #indian fe #endindian & #indian fai #endindian & #indian fo #endindian & #indian fau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt K} & #indian Ka #endindian & #indian Kaa #endindian & #indian Ki #endindian & #indian Kii #endindian & #indian Ku #endindian & #indian Kuu #endindian & #indian Ke #endindian & #indian Kai #endindian & #indian Ko #endindian & #indian Kau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt G} & #indian Ga #endindian & #indian Gaa #endindian & #indian Gi #endindian & #indian Gii #endindian & #indian Gu #endindian & #indian Guu #endindian & #indian Ge #endindian & #indian Gai #endindian & #indian Go #endindian & #indian Gau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt s} & #indian sa #endindian & #indian saa #endindian & #indian si #endindian & #indian sii #endindian & #indian su #endindian & #indian suu #endindian & #indian se #endindian & #indian sai #endindian & #indian so #endindian & #indian sau #endindian \\ \hline {\tt h} & #indian ha #endindian & #indian haa #endindian & #indian hi #endindian & #indian hii #endindian & #indian hu #endindian & #indian huu #endindian & #indian he #endindian & #indian hai #endindian & #indian ho #endindian & #indian hau #endindian \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{makeimage} \vspace{0.10in} \end{center} } % end vbox %\caption{Gurmukh{\=\i} Consonants with their Vowel Forms.} %\label{consvow} \end{table} \newpage %------------------------------------------------------------------- \section{Example Words} \begin{makeimage} \begin{multicols}{3} #indian mantri#endindian \quad {\tt mantrii} \\ #indian svaadu#endindian \quad {\tt svaadu} \\ #indian amritu#endindian \quad {\tt amritu} \\ #indian indru#endindian \quad {\tt indru} \\ #indian hindusataanu#endindian \quad {\tt hindusataanu} \\ #indian jaN^galu#endindian \quad {\tt jaN\char`^galu} \\ #indian ja.ngalu#endindian \quad {\tt ja.ngalu} \\ #indian brahamaNu#endindian \quad {\tt brahamaNu} \\ #indian pa~nja kakke#endindian \quad {\tt pa\char`~nja kakke} \\ #indian pa.nja kakke#endindian \quad {\tt pa.nja kakke} \\ #indian dhuu.Di#endindian \quad {\tt dhuu.Di} \\ #indian bhaa_ii#endindian \quad {\tt bhaa\char`_ii} \\ #indian aN^ga#endindian \quad {\tt aN\char`^ga} \\ #indian a.nga#endindian \quad {\tt a.nga} \\ #indian santa#endindian \quad {\tt santa} \\ #indian sa.nta#endindian \quad {\tt sa.nta} \\ #indian shaanti#endindian \quad {\tt shaanti} \\ #indian shaa.Nti#endindian \quad {\tt shaa.Nti} \\ #indian ambaa#endindian \quad {\tt ambaa} \\ #indian a.nbaa#endindian \quad {\tt a.nbaa} \\ #indian pampakinu#endindian \quad {\tt pampakinu\/} \\ #indian paa~nca#endindian \quad {\tt paa\char`~nca\/} \\ #indian paa.Nca#endindian \quad {\tt paa.Nca\/} \\ #indian daNDaa#endindian \quad {\tt daNDaa} \\ #indian da.nDaa#endindian \quad {\tt da.nDaa} \\ #indian satiguru#endindian \quad {\tt satiguru} \\ #indian sakhii#endindian \quad {\tt sakhii} \\ #indian siddha#endindian \quad {\tt siddha} \\ #indian hukamu#endindian \quad {\tt hukamu} \\ %------------------------ \begin{htmlonly} \end{multicols} \end{makeimage} % latex2html can't do {multicols}{3}, it puts everything in 1 col, % so, have to split table into two or will not fit on a page \begin{makeimage} \begin{multicols}{3} \end{htmlonly} %------------------------ #indian kabiiru#endindian \quad {\tt kabiiru} \\ #indian naanaku#endindian \quad {\tt naanaku} \\ #indian kuraaNu#endindian \quad {\tt kuraaNu} \\ #indian guramukhii#endindian \quad {\tt guramukhii} \\ #indian ahaliaa#endindian \quad {\tt ahaliaa} \\ #indian augaNu#endindian \quad {\tt augaNu} \\ #indian a_ugaNu#endindian \quad {\tt a\char`_ugaNu} \\ #indian aa_io#endindian \quad {\tt aa\char`_io} \\ #indian giaanii#endindian \quad {\tt giaanii} \\ #indian maaiaa#endindian \quad {\tt maaiaa} \\ #indian maa_iaa#endindian \quad {\tt maa\char`_iaa} \\ #indian khullhaa#endindian \quad {\tt khullhaa} \\ #indian kripaa#endindian \quad {\tt kripaa} \\ #indian khyattrii#endindian \quad {\tt khyattrii} \\ #indian jagannaathu#endindian \quad {\tt jagannaathu} \\ #indian granthu#endindian \quad {\tt granthu} \\ #indian gra.nthu#endindian \quad {\tt gra.nthu} \\ #indian pa~njaabii#endindian \quad {\tt pa\char`~njaabii} \\ #indian pa.njaabii#endindian \quad {\tt pa.njaabii} \\ #indian haumai#endindian \quad {\tt haumai} \\ #indian ha_umai#endindian \quad {\tt ha\char`_umai} \\ #indian paNDitu#endindian \quad {\tt paNDitu} \\ #indian pa.nDitu#endindian \quad {\tt pa.nDitu} \\ #indian nhaanaa#endindian \quad {\tt nhaanaa} \\ #indian praaNu#endindian \quad {\tt praaNu} \\ #indian cammu#endindian \quad {\tt cammu} \\ #indian cannaNu#endindian \quad {\tt cannaNu} \\ #indian saccaa#endindian \quad {\tt saccaa} \end{multicols} \end{makeimage} \bigskip \hrule \bigskip \vfill \section{Author} \noindent ITRANS has been developed by Avinash Chopde. \\ E-mail: \htmladdnormallink{\texttt{avinash@acm.org}}{mailto:avinash@acm.org}. \\ Home page: \htmladdnormallink{\texttt{http://www.aczone.com/}}{http://www.aczone.com/} \bigskip\bigskip \centerline{\tiny -- end-of-document --} \end{document}