\input opmac \def\toasciidata{}\def\r{} \typosize[11/13] %\def\thefnote{$^{\locfnum}$} \addto\footstrut{\hang} \catcode`<=13 \def<#1>{\hbox{$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$}} \activettchar" \hyperlinks{\Blue}{\Green} \insertoutline{CONTENTS} \outlines{0} \tit OPmac -- macros for plain\TeX\fnotemark1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \centerline{\it Petr Ol\v s\'ak, 2012 -- 2019} \bigskip \centerline{\url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html}} \fnotetext {This text is second revised version. The first version was published in TUGboat 34:1, 2013, pp.~88--96} \notoc\nonum \sec Contents \maketoc \nonum \sec Introduction %%%%%%%%%%%% The OPmac package is a set of simple additional macros to plain\TeX{}. It enables users to take advantage of basic \LaTeX{} functionality: font size selection, the automatic creation of a table of contents and an index, working with bibliography databases, tables, references with optional hyperlinks, margin settings, etc. I had been using these macros personally for a long time, but now, after cleaning up the code a bit and providing both user and technical documentation, I'm releasing them to the general public along with the new version of \csplain{}. My main motivation in publishing OPmac is to provide a set of macros with solutions to common tasks for plain\TeX{} users. Additionally, I wanted to demonstrate that it is possible to write \TeX{} code in a simple and effective style, something that most \LaTeX{} macro packages lack. All of OPmac's macros are contained within the single file "opmac.tex" in only 1,700 lines. By comparison, the \LaTeX{} code which solves comparable tasks is placed inside its ``kernel'' along with many \LaTeX{} packages all of which contain tens of thousands of lines. The main principles which I followed when creating this macro package, are: \begitems * Simplicity is power. * Macros are not universal, but are readable and understandable. * User can easily redefine these macros as he/she wishes. \enditems Each part of the macro code is written in order to maximize readability for human who will want to read it, understand it and change it. OPmac package offers a markup language for authors of texts (like \LaTeX), i.e. the fixed set of tags to define the structure of the document. This markup is different from the \LaTeX{} markup. It may offer to write the source text of the document somewhat clearer and more attractive. The OPmac package, however, does not care for the typography of the document. The simple sober document is created if no additional macros are used. We assume that the author of additional macros is able to create a look of the document to suit specific requirement. OPmac has a small number of additional packages: "fontfam", "pdfuni", "opmac-xetex" and "opmac-bib" (see the end of \url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html} page). Moreover, there exist many tens of little OPmac tricks comparable with \LaTeX{} packages mentioned on \url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-tricks-e.html} page. \secnum=-1 \sec Using OPmac %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% OPmac is not compiled as a format. For using it in plain\TeX{}, you can simply "\input opmac" at the beginning of your document. The example of the simple document follows: \begtt \input opmac \typosize[11/13] % setting the basic font size and the baselineskip \margins/1 a4 (1,1,1,1)in % setting 1in margins for A4 paper Here is a text. \bye \endtt You can use \TeX, pdf\TeX, Xe\TeX{} or lua\TeX{} with plain \TeX{} format (classical "plain.tex", "etex.src" or \csplain{}). The \csplain{} is recommended but it is not explicitly requested if you don't need to use Czech/Slovak specific features\fnote {Warnings: ``falling back to ASCII sorting'' or ``CZ/SK outline-conversion is off'' may occur without \csplain{}.}. \sec Selection of font family %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% OPmac doesn't select a special default font family. The default is the same as in plain \TeX{} (CM fonts) or \CS{}plain (CS fonts). It is possible to "\input" so called ``font-files'' for loading a font family, i.\,e.\ typically four variants of fonts "\rm", "\bf", "\it" and "\bi". The font-files use primitive command "\font" for loading individual fonts. You need not to remember names: use "\fontfam[<FamilyName>]" macro which loads the appropriate font-file. The argument "<FamilyName>" is case insensitive and spaces are ignored. So, "\fontfam[Times Roman]" is equal to "\fontfam[TimesRoman]" and it is equal to "\fontfam[timesroman]". Several aliases are prepared, thus "\fontfam[times]" can be used for loading Times Roman family too. If you write "\fontfam[?]" then all available font families are listed on the terminal and in the log file. The listing looks like: \begtt [LM Fonts] {\caps \sans \ttset ...} {\rm \bf \it \bi } +AMS (8z 8t u) [TG Heros] {\caps \cond} {\rm \bf \it \bi } +TX (8z 8t) ... \endtt The "<FamilyName>" is followed by the list of {\em modifiers} of basic variant selectors, then available basic variant selectors are listed. After plus character, the default set of math fonts used together with given family is named. The available font encodings are written in round brackets. More information about "\fontfam" macro can be found in the "fontfam.tex" file. The varinats are selected by basic selectors ("\rm", "\bf", "\it", "\bi"). The modifiers of basic variants ("\caps", "\cond" for example) can be used immediately before a basic variant selector and they can be (independently) combined: "\caps\it" or "\cond\caps\bf". The modifiers can be followed by "\fam" command (instead of basic variant selector). Then current variant is kept (but modified) and all consecutive basic variant selectors (in a group) are modified too. If modifiers are followed by "\one" sequence (instead variant selector) then only current variant is modified. More about font modifers are mentioned in the "cs-heros.tex" file and in the article "kpfonts-plain.pdf". The "\fontfam[Catalog]" prints a font catalogue of all configured font families. \sec Font sizes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The commands for font size setting described below, for variant selectors and modifiers desribed above have local validity. If you put them into a group, the font features are selected locally. The command "\typosize[<fontsize>/<baselineskip>]" sets the font size of text and math fonts and baselineskip. If one of these two parameters is empty, the corresponding feature stays unchanged. The metric unit is supposed "pt" and this unit isn't written in parameters. You can change the unit by the command "\ptunit=<something-else>", for instance "\ptunit=1mm". Examples: \begtt \typosize[10/12] % default of plainTeX \typosize[11/12.5] % font 11pt, baseline 12.5pt \typosize[8/] % font 8pt, baseline unchanged \endtt The command "\typoscale[<font-factor>/<baselineskip-factor>]" sets the text and math fonts size and baselineskip as a multiple of the current fonts size and baselineskip. The factor is written in "scaled"-like way, it means that 1000 means factor one. The empty parameter is equal to the parameter 1000, i.e. the value stays unchanged. Examples: \begtt \typoscale[800/800] % fonts and baselineskip re-size to 80 % \typoscale[\magstep2/] % fonts bigger 1,44times \endtt The sizes declared by these macros (for example in titles) are relative to the basic size selected for the current font (this may be arbitrary size, not only 10pt). There are times however, when one would like to make a font change relative to the documents ``base'' font size instead of the current font (e.g. when typesetting footnotes). The macro "\typobase" provides an easy way to perform such changes. The ``base'' font size is set with the first use of either "\typosize" or "\typoscale" and this size is restored by "\typobase". Example: \begtt \typosize[12/14] % if first use of \typosize, then this sets the "base" ... {\typoscale[16/18] % bigger size (for example title font) ... \typobase\typoscale[750/750] % reduced to 75% of [12/14] (i.e. [9/10.5]) ... % this is caculated from "base", no from actual title font } \endtt The size of the current font can be changed by the command "\thefontsize[<font-size>]" or can be rescaled by "\thefontscale[<factor>]". These macros don't change math fonts sizes nor baselineskip. The "\resizefont", "\regfont" and "\resizeall" commands (documented in \csplain) can be used even if the used format is not \csplain. The best design size of the font for desired size is selected. For example "\typosize[18/]" selects the font "cmr17 at 18pt". The "\em" macro acts as "\it" if the current font is "\rm", acts as "\rm" if the current font is "\it", acts as "\bi" if the current font is "\bf" and acts as "\bf" if the current font is "\bi". The "\/" spaces are inserted automatically. Example: \begtt This is {\em important} text. % = This is {\it important\/} text. \it This is {\em important} text. % = This is\/ {\rm important} text. \bf This is {\em important} text. % = This is {\bi important\/} text. \bi This is {\em important} text. % = This is\/ {\bf important} text. \endtt \sec Parts of the document %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The document can be divided into chapters, sections and subsections and titled by "\tit" command. The parameters are separed by the end of current line (no braces are used): \begtt \tit Document title <end of line> \chap Chapter title <end of line> \sec Section title <end of line> \secc Subsection title <end of line> \endtt The chapters are numbered by one number, sections by two numbers (chapter.section) and subsections by three numbers. If there are no chapters then section have only one number and subsection two. The implicit design of the titles of chapter etc.\ are implemented in the macros "\printchap", "\printsec" and "\printsecc". User can simply change these macros if he/she needs another behavior. The first paragraph after the title of chapter, section and subsection is not indented but you can type "\let\firstnoindent=\relax" if you need all paragraphs indented. If a title is so long then it breaks to more lines. It is better to hint the breakpoints because \TeX{} does not interpret the meaning of the title. User can put the "\nl" (it means newline) macro to the breakpoints. The chapter, section or subsection isn't numbered if the "\nonum" precedes. And the chapter, section or subsection isn't delivered to the table of contents if "\notoc" precedes. \sec Another numbered objects %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Apart from chapters, sections and subsections, there are another automatically numbered objects: equations and captions for tables and figures. If user write the "\eqmark" as the last element of the display mode then this equation is numbered. The format is one number in brackets. This number is reset in each section. If the "\eqalignno" is used, then user can put "\eqmark" to the last column before "\cr". For example: \begtt \eqalignno{ a^2+b^2 &= c^2 \cr c &= \sqrt{a^2+b^2} & \eqmark \cr} \endtt The next numbered object is caption which is tagged by "\caption/t" for tables and "\caption/f" for figures. Example: \begtt \hfil\table{rl}{ age & value \crl\noalign{\smallskip} 0--1 & unmeasured \cr 1--6 & observable \cr 6--12 & significant \cr 12--20 & extremal \cr 20--40 & normal \cr 40--60 & various \cr 60--$\infty$ & moderate} \par\nobreak\medskip \caption/t The dependency of the computer-dependency on the age. \endtt This example produces: \bigskip {\def\addto#1#2{\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{#1#2}} \hfil\table{rl}{age & value \crl\noalign{\smallskip} 0--1 & unmeasured \cr 1--6 & observable \cr 6--12 & significant \cr 12--20 & extremal \cr 20--40 & normal \cr 40--60 & various \cr 60--$\infty$ & moderate} \par\nobreak\medskip { \leftskip=\parindent plus1fil \rightskip=\parindent plus-1fil \parfillskip=0pt plus2fil \noindent {\bf Table 2.3} The dependency of the com\-puter-dependency on the age.\par} } \bigskip The word ``Table'' followed by a number is added by the macro "\caption/t". The macro "\caption/f" creates the word figure. The caption text is centered. If it occupies more lines then the last line is centered. The added word (table, figure) depends on the actual number of the "\language" register. OPmac implements the mapping from "\language" numbers to the languages and the mapping from languages to the generated words. If you wish to make the table or figure as floating object, you need to use plain\TeX{} macros "\midinsert", "\topinsert" and "\endinsert". Each automatically numbered object can be referenced, if the "\label[<label>]" command precedes. The reference commands are "\ref[<label>]" and "\pgref[<label>]". Example: \begtt \label[beatle] \sec About Beatles \label[comp-dependence] \hfil\table{rl}{...} % the table \caption/t The dependency of the computer-dependency on the age. \label[pythagoras] $$ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 \eqmark $$ Now we can point to the section~\ref[beatle] on the page~\pgref[beatle] or write about the equation~\ref[pythagoras]. Finally there is an interesting Table~\ref[comp-dependence]. \endtt If there are forward referenced objects then user have to run \TeX{} twice. During each pass, the working "*.ref" file (with refereces data) is created and this file is used (if it exists) at the begin of the document. You can create a reference to whatever else by commands "\label[<label>]\wlabel{<text>}". The connection between "<label>" and "<text>" is established. The "\ref[<label>]" will print "<text>". \sec Lists %%%%%%%%%% The list of items is surrounded by "\begitems" and "\enditems" commands. The asterisk ("*") is active within this environment and it starts one item. The item style can be chosen by "\style" parameter written after "\begitems": \begtt \style o % small bullet \style O % big bullet (default) \style - % hyphen char \style n % numbered items 1., 2., 3., ... \style N % numbered items 1), 2), 3), ... \style i % numbered items (i), (ii), (iii), ... \style I % numbered items I, II, III, IV, ... \style a % items of type a), b), c), ... \style A % items of type A), B), C), ... \style x % small rectangle \style X % big rectangle \endtt Another style can be defined by the command "\sdef{item:<style>}{<text>}". Default item can be redefined by "\def\normalitem{<text>}". The list environments can be nested. Each new level of item is indented by next multiple of "\iindent" which is set to "\parindent" by default. The vertical space at begin and end of the environment is inserted by the macro "\iiskip". \sec Table of contents %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The "\maketoc" command prints the table of contents of all "\chap", "\sec" and "\secc" used in the document. These data are read from external "*.ref" file, so you have to run \TeX{} more than once (typically three times if the table of contents is at the beginning of the document). The name of the section with table of contents is not printed. The direct usage of "\chap" or "\sec" isn't recommended here because the table of contents is typically not referenced to itself. You can print the unnumbered and unreferenced title of the section by the code: \begtt \nonum\notoc\sec Table of Contents \endtt The title of chapters etc.\ are written into the external file and they are read from this file in a next run of \TeX. This technique can induce some problems when a somewhat complicated macro is used in the title. OPmac solves this problem by different way than \LaTeX. User can set the problematic macro as ``robust'' by "\addprotect\macro" declaration. The "\macro" itself cannot be redefined. The common macros used in OPmac which can be occur in the titles are declared by this way. For example: \begtt \addprotect~ \addprotect\TeX \addprotect\thefontsize \addprotect\em \endtt \sec Making the index %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The index can be included into document by "\makeindex" macro. No external program is needed, the alphabetical sorting are done inside \TeX{} at macro level. The "\ii" command (insert to index) declares the word separated by the space as the index item. This declaration is represented as invisible atom on the page connected to the next visible word. The page number of the page where this atom occurs is listed in the index entry. So you can type: \begtt The \ii resistor resistor is a passive electrical component ... \endtt You cannot double the word if you use the "\iid" instead "\ii": \begtt The \iid resistor is a passive electrical component ... or: Now we'll deal with the \iid resistor . \endtt Note that the dot or comma have to be separated by space when "\iid" is used. This space (before dot or comma) is removed by the macro in the current text. The multiple-words entries are commonly organized in the index by the format (for example): \medskip linear~dependency 11, 40--50 --- independency 12, 42--53 --- space 57, 76 --- subspace 58 \medskip To do this you have to declare the parts of the words by the "/" separator. Example: \begtt {\bf Definition.} \ii linear/space,vector/space {\em Linear space} (or {\em vector space}) is a nonempty set of... \endtt The number of the parts of one index entry is unlimited. Note, that you can spare your typing by the comma in the "\ii" parameter. The previous example is equivalent to "\ii linear/space" "\ii vector/space". Maybe you need to propagate to the index the similar entry to the linear/space in the form space/linear. You can do this by the shorthand ",@" at the end of the "\ii" parameter. Example: \begtt \ii linear/space,vector/space,@ is equivalent to: \ii linear/space,vector/space \ii space/linear,space/vector \endtt If you really need to insert the space into the index entry, write ``"~"''. The "\makeindex" creates the list of alphabetically sorted index entries without the title of the section and without creating more columns. OPmac provides another macros for more columns: \begtt \begmulti <number of columns> <text> \endmulti \endtt The columns will be balanced. The Index can be printed by the following code: \begtt \sec Index\par \begmulti 3 \makeindex \endmulti \endtt Only ``pure words'' can be propagated to the index by the "\ii" command. It means that there cannot be any macro, \TeX{} primitive, math selector etc. But there is another possibility to create such complex index entry. Use ``pure equivalent'' in the "\ii" parameter and map this equivalent to the real word which is printed in the index by "\iis" command. Example: \begtt The \ii chiquadrat $\chi$-quadrat method is ... If the \ii relax "\relax" command is used then \TeX\ is relaxing. ... \iis chiquadrat {$\chi$-quadrat} \iis relax {{\tt \char`\\relax}} ... \endtt The "\iis <equivalent> {<text>}" creates one entry in the ``dictionary of the exceptions''. The sorting is done by the "<equivalent>" but the "<text>" is printed in the index entry list. The special sorting by the Czech or Slovak standard of alphabetical sorting is activated if \csplain{} is used and if "\language" register is set to the Czech or Slovak hyphenation patterns when "\makeindex" is in progress. The main difference from English sorting is that ``ch'' is treated as one character between h and i. \sec Colors %%%%%%%%%%% The colors selection macros are working only if pdf\TeX-like engine (or Xe\TeX) is used. OPmac provides a small number of color selectors: {\localcolor\Blue "\Blue"}, {\localcolor\Red "\Red"}, {\localcolor\Brown "\Brown"}, {\localcolor\Green "\Green"}, {\localcolor\Yellow "\Yellow"}, {\localcolor\Cyan "\Cyan"}, {\localcolor\Magenta "\Magenta"}, {"\White"}, {\localcolor\Grey "\Grey"}, {\localcolor\LightGrey "\LightGrey"} and "\Black". User can define more such selectors by setting the CMYK components. For example \begtt \def\Orange{\setcmykcolor{0 0.5 1 0}} \endtt The current color in CMYK format is saved in the "\currentcolor" macro, thus you can save it to your macro "\let\yourmacro=\currentcolor" and you can return to this color by "\setcmykcolor\yourmacro". The color selectors work globally by default. It means that colors don't respect the \TeX{} groups and you have to return back to the black typesetting explicitly by the "\Black" selector. OPmac provides the macro "\localcolor". If it is used then the colors return back to the original value after \TeX{} groups automatically. The macro has local validity. You can use it at begin of your document (for all \TeX{} broups) or only in selected \TeX{} group (for this group and nested goups). Example: \begtt \Red The text is red {\localcolor \Blue here is blue {\Green and green} restored blue \Brown and brown} now the text is red. \endtt \def\coloron#1#2#3{% \setbox0=\hbox{#3}\leavevmode {\localcolor\rlap{#1\strut \vrule width\wd0}#2\box0}% } The more usable example follows. It defines a macro which creates the \coloron\Yellow\Brown{colored text on the} \coloron\Yellow\Brown{colored background}. Usage: "\coloron<background><foreground>{<text>}" The "\coloron" can be defined as follows: \begtt \def\coloron#1#2#3{% \setbox0=\hbox{#3}\leavevmode {\localcolor\rlap{#1\strut \vrule width\wd0}#2\box0}% } \coloron\Yellow\Brown{The brown text on the yellow backround} \endtt {\bf The watermark} is grey text on the backrounf of the page. OPmac offers an example: the macro "\draft" which creates grey scaled and rotated text DRAFT on the background of every page. \sec Hyperlinks, outlines %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% If the command "\hyperlinks{<color-in>}{<color-out>}" is used at the beginning of the file, then the following objects are hyperlinked when PDF output is used: \begitems * numbers generated by "\ref" or "\pgref", * numbers of chapters, sections and subsections in the table of contents, * numbers or marks generated by "\cite" command (bibliography references), * texts printed by "\url" command. \enditems The last object is an external link and it is colored by "<color-out>". Others links are internal and they are colored by "<color-in>". Example: \begtt \hyperlinks \Blue \Green % internal links blue, URLs green. \endtt You can use another marking of active links: by frames which are visible in the PDF viewer but invisible when the document is printed. The way to do it is to define the macros "\pgborder", "\tocborder", "\citeborder", "\refborder" and "\urlborder" as the triple of RGB components of the used color. Example: \begtt \def\tocborder {1 0 0} % links in table of contents: red frame \def\pgborder {0 1 0} % links to pages: green frame \def\citeborder {0 0 1} % links to references: blue frame \endtt By default these macros are not defined. It means that no frames are created. There are ``low level'' commands to create the links. You can specify the destination of the internal link by "\dest[<type>:<label>]". The active text linked to the "\dest" can be created by "\link[<type>:<label>]{<color>}{<text>}". The "<type>" parameter is one of the "toc", "pg", "cite", "ref" or another special for your purpose. The "\url" macro prints its parameter in "\tt" font and creates a potential breakpoints in it (after slash or dot, for example). If "\hyperlinks" declaration is used then the parameter of "\url" is treated as an external URL link. An example: "\url{http://www.olsak.net}" creates \url{http://www.olsak.net}. The charecters {\tt\%}, "\", "#", "$", "{" and "}" have to be protected by %$ backslash in the "\url" argument, the other special charecters "~", "_", "^", "&" can be written as single character. You can insert the "\|" command in the "\url" argument as a potential breakpoint. If the linked text have to be different than the URL, you can use "\ulink[<url>]{text}" macro. For example: \begtt \ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html]{OPmac page} \endtt creates \ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-e.html]{OPmac page}. The PDF format provides ``outlines'' which are notes placed in the special frame of the PDF viewer. These notes can be managed as structured and hyperlinked table of contents of the document. The command "\outlines{<level>}" creates such outlines from data used for table of contents in the document. The "<level>" parameter gives the level of opened sub-outlines in the default view. The deeper levels can be open by mouse click on the triangle symbol after that.\looseness=-1 The strings used in PDF outlines are converted if \csplain{} is used: the accents are stripped off because they can make problems in outlines. But user can use "\input pdfuni" in order to convert these strings to internal UNICODE representation. The command "\insertoutline{<text>}" inserts next entry into PDF outlines at the main level~0. This entry can be placed before table of contents (created by "\outlines") or after it. \sec Verbatim %%%%%%%%%%%%% The display verbatim text have to be surrounded by the "\begtt" and "\endtt" couple. The inline verbatim have to be tagged (before and after) by a character which is declared by "\activettchar<char>". For example "\activettchar"{\tt\char`"} declares the {\tt\char`"} for inline verbatim markup. If the numerical register "\ttline" is set to the non-negative value then display verbatim will number the lines. The first line has the number "\ttline+1" and when the verbatim ends then the "\ttline" value is equal to the number of last line printed. Next "\begtt...\endtt" environment will follow the line numbering. OPmac sets "\ttline=-1" by default. The indentation of each line in display verbatim is controlled by "\ttindent" register. This register is set to the "\parindent" when "opmac.tex" is read. User have to change its value if the "\parindent" is changed after reading of "opmac.tex". The "\begtt" starts internal group in which the catcodes are changed. Then the "\tthook" macro is run. This macro is empty by default and user can control fine behavior by it. For example the cactodes can be reset here. If you need to define active character in the "\tthook", use "\adef" as in the following example: {\def\tthook{\adef@{\string\endtt}} \begtt \def\tthook{\adef!{?}\adef?{!}} \begtt Each occurrence of the exclamation mark will be changed to the question mark and vice versa. Really? You can try it! @ \endtt } The "\adef" command sets its parameter as active {\it after\/} the body of "\tthook" is read. So you can't worry about active categories. There are tips for global "\tthook" definitions here: \begtt \def\tthook{\typosize[9/11]} % setting font size for verbatim \def\tthook{\ttline=0} % each listing will be numbered from one \def\tthook{\adef{ }{\char`\ }} % visualisation of spaces \endtt You can print verbatim listing from external files by "\verbinput" command. Examples: \begtt \verbinput (12-42) program.c % listing from program.c, only lines 12-42 \verbinput (-60) program.c % print from begin to the line 60 \verbinput (61-) program.c % from line 61 to the end \verbinput (-) program.c % whole file is printed \verbinput (70+10) program.c % from line 70, only 10 lines printed \verbinput (+10) program.c % from the last line read, print 10 lines \vebrinput (-5+7) program.c % from the last line read, skip 5, print 7 \verbinput (+) program.c % from the last line read to the end \endtt The "\ttline" influences the line numbering by the same way as in "\begtt...\endtt" environment. If "\ttline=-1" then real line numbers are printed (this is default). If "\ttline"{\tt\char`\<-1} then no line numbers are printed. The "\verbinput" can be controlled by "\tthook", "\ttindent" just like in "\begtt...\endtt". \sec Tables %%%%%%%%%%% The macro "\table{<declaration>}{<data>}" provides similar "<declaration>" as in \LaTeX: you can use letters "l", "r", "c", each letter declares one column (aligned to left, right, center respectively). These letters can be combined by the ``{\tt\char`\|}'' character (vertical line). Example \begtt \table{||lc|r||}{ \crl Month & commodity & price \crli \tskip.2em January & notebook & \$ 700 \cr February & skateboard & \$ 100 \cr July & yacht & k\$ 170 \crl} \endtt % generates the following result: \bigskip \hfil\table{||lc|r||}{ \crl Month & commodity & price \crli \tskip.2em January & notebook & \$ 700 \cr February & skateboard & \$ 100 \cr July & yacht & k\$ 170 \crl} \bigskip Apart from "l", "r", "c" declarators, you can use the "p{<size>}" declarator which declares the column of given width. More preciselly, a long text in the table cell is printed as an paragraph with given width. To avoid the problems with narrow left-right aligned paragraphs you can write "p{<size>\raggedright}", then the paragraph will be only left aligned. An arbitrary part of the "<declaration>" can be repeated by a "<number>" prefixed. For example ``"3c"'' means ``"ccc"'' or ``"c 3{|c}"'' means ``"c|c|c|c"''. Note that spaces in the <declaration> are ignored and you can use them in order to more legibility. The command "\cr" used in the "<data>" part of the table (the end row separator) is generally known. Moreover OPmac defines following similar commands: \begitems * "\crl" \dots\ the end of the row with a horizontal line after it. * "\crli" \dots\ like "\crl" but the horizontal line doesn't intersect the vertical double lines. * "\crlli" \dots\ like "\crli" but horizontal line is doubled. * "\crlp{<list>}" \dots\ like "\crli" but the lines are drawn only in the columns mentioned in comma separated "<list>" of their numbers. The "<list>" can include "<from>-<to>" declarators, for example "\crlp{1-3,5}" is equal to "\crlp{1,2,3,5}". \enditems The "\tskip<dimen>" command works like the "\noalign{\vskip<dimen>}" after "\cr*" commands but it doesn't interrupt the vertical lines. The configuration macros for "\table" are defined in the following listing with their default values: \begtt \def\tabiteml{\enspace} % left material in each column \def\tabitemr{\enspace} % right material in each column \def\tabstrut{\strut} % strut inserted in each line \def\vvkern{1pt} % space between double vertical line \def\hhkern{1pt} % space between double horizontal line \endtt If you do "\def\tabiteml{$\enspace}\def\tabitemr{\enspace$}" then the "\table" acts like \LaTeX's array environment. If there is an item which spans to more than one column in the table then you can use "\multispan{<number>}" macro from plain \TeX{} or "\mspan<number>[<declaration>]{<text>}" from OPmac, which spans <number> columns and formats the <text> by the <declaration>. The <declaration> must include exactly one letter ``"c"'' or ``"l"'' or ``"r"'' and may include characters ``"|"'' for vertical rules. If your table includes vertical rules and you want to create continuous vertical rules by "\mspan", then use rules in only after ``"c"'', ``"l"'' or ``"r"'' letter in "\mspan" <declaration>. The exception is only in the case when "\mspan" includes first column and the table have rules on the left side. The example of "\mspan" usage is below. The "\frame{<text>}" makes a frame around "<text>". You can put the whole "\table" into "\frame" if you need double-ruled border of the table. Example: \begtt \frame{\table{|c||l||r|}{ \crl \mspan3[|c|]{\bf Title} \crl \noalign{\kern\hhkern}\crli first & second & third \crlli seven & eight & nine \crli}} \endtt % creates the following result: %\bigskip \hfil\frame{\table{|c||l||r|}{\crl \mspan3[|c|]{\bf Title} \crl \noalign{\kern\hhkern}\crli first & second & third \crlli seven & eight & nine \crli}} \bigskip The "c", "l", "r" and "p" are default <declaration> letters but you can define more such letters by "\def\tabdeclare<letter>{<left>##<right>}". The technical documentation "opmac-d.pdf" describes this feature more preciselly. The rule width of tables (and implicit width of all "\vrule"s and "\hrule"s) can be set by the command "\rulewidth=<dimen>". The default value given by \TeX{} is 0.4pt. Many tips about tables can be seen on \url{http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-tricks-e.html}. \sec Images %%%%%%%%%%% The "\inspic <filename>.<extension><space>" inserts the picture stored in the graphics file with the name "<filename>.<extension>". You can set the picture width by "\picw=<dimen>" before first "\inspic" command which declares the width of the picture. The files can be in the PNG, JPG, JBIG2 or PDF format. The "\inspic" command works with pdf\TeX{}/Xe\TeX{} only. The "\picwidth" is an equivalent register to "\picw". Moreover there is an "\picheight" register which denotes the height of the picture. If both registers are set then the picture will be (probably) deformed. The file is searched in "\picdir". This macro is empty by default, this means that the file is searched in current directory. \sec PDF transformations %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% All typesetting elements are transformed in pdf\TeX{} by linear transformation given by the current transformation matrix. The "\pdfsetmatrix {<a> <b> <c> <d>}" command makes the internal multiplication with the current matrix so linear transformations can be composed. The stack-oriented commands "\pdfsave" and "\pdfrestore" gives a possibility of storing and restoring the current transformation matrix and current point. The possition of current point have to be the same from \TeX{}'s point of view as from transformation point of view when "\pdfrestore" is processed. Due to this fact the "\pdfsave\rlap{<transformed text>}\pdfrestore" or something similar is recomeded. OPmac provides the macros \begtt \pdfscale{<horizontal-factor>}{<vertical-factor>} \pdfrotate{<angle-in-degrees>} \endtt These macros simply calls the properly "\pdfsetmatrix" primitive command. It is known that the comosition of transformations is not commutative. It means that the order is important. You have to read the tranformation matrices from right to left. Example: \begtt First: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{30}\pdfscale{-2}{2}\rlap{text1}\pdfrestore % text1 is scaled two times and it is reflected about vertical axis % and next it is rotated by 30 degrees left. second: \pdfsave \pdfscale{-2}{2}\pdfrotate{30}\rlap{text2}\pdfrestore % text2 is rotated by 30 degrees left then it is scaled two times % and reflected about vertical axis. third: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{-15.3}\pdfsetmatrix{2 0 1.5 2}\rlap{text3}% \pdfrestore % first slanted, then rotated by 15.3 degrees right \endtt \bigskip\smallskip This gives the following result. First: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{30}\pdfscale{-2}{2}\rlap{text1}\pdfrestore second: \pdfsave \pdfscale{-2}{2}\pdfrotate{30}\rlap{text2}\pdfrestore third: \pdfsave \pdfrotate{-15.3}\pdfsetmatrix{2 0 1.5 2}\rlap{text3}\pdfrestore \bigskip\bigskip \sec Footnotes and marginal notes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The plain\TeX{}'s macro "\footnote" is not redefined. But a new macro "\fnote{<text>}" is defined. The footnote mark is added automatically and it is numbered on each page from one\fnote {This behavior is changed if {\tt\char`\\runningfnotes} is used: the footnotes are numbered from one in whole document in such case. Alternatives are possible, see OPmac tricks or technical documentation.}. The "<text>" is scaled by "\typoscale[800]". The implicit visual aspect of the footnote mark is defined by "\def\thefnote{$^{\locfnum}$}". %\fnote{% % Note the right parenthesis in the mark. This isn't bug, this is used in Czech % traditional typography. If you need to remove it, you can define % {\def\s{\string}\tt\s\def\s\thefnote\s{\$\s^\s{\s\locfnum\s}\$\s}}. % }. User can redefine it, for example: \begtt \def\thefnote{\ifcase\locfnum\or *\or**\or***\or$^{\dag}$\or $^{\ddag}$\or$^{\dag\dag}$\fi} \endtt The "\fnote" macro is fully applicable only in ``normal outer'' paragraph. It doesn't work inside boxes (tables for example). If you are solving such case you can use "\fnotemark<number>" inside the box (only the footnote mark is generated). When the box is finished you can use "\fnotetext{<text>}". This macro puts the "<text>" to the footnote. The "<number>" after "\fnotemark" have to be "1" if only one such command is in the box. Second "\fnotemark" inside the same box have to have the parameter "2" etc. The same number of "\fnotetext"s have to be written after the box as the number of "\fnotemark"s inserted inside the box. The marginal note can be printed by the "\mnote{<text>}" macro. The <text> is placed to the right margin on the odd pages and it is placed to the left margin on the even pages. This is done after second \TeX{} run because the relevant information is stored in an external file. If you need to place the notes only to the fixed margin write "\fixmnotes\right" or "\fixmnotes\left". The <text> is formatted as a little paragraph with the maximal width "\mnotesize" ragged left on the left margins or ragged right on the right margins. The first line of this little paragraph is at the same height as the invisible mark created by "\mnote" in the current paragraph. The exceptions are possible by "\mnoteskip" register. You can implement such exceptions to each "\mnote" manually in final printing in order to margin notes do not overlap. The positive value of "\mnoteskip" shifts the note up and negative value shifts it down. For example "\mnoteskip=2\baselineskip \mnote{<text>}" shifts this (and only this) note two lines up. \sec Bib\TeX ing %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The command "\cite[<label>]" or its variations of the type \hbox{"\cite[<label-1>,<label-2>,<label-3>]"} create the citations in the form [42] or [15,~19,~26]. If "\shortcitations" is declared at the beginning of the document then continuous sequences of numbers are re-printed like this: \hbox{[3--5,~7,~9--11]}. If "\sortcitations" is declared then numbers generated by one "\cite" command are sorted upward. If "\nonumcitations" is used then the marks instead numbers are generated depending on the used bib\TeX{} style. For example the citations look like [Now08] when "alpha" style is used and like [Nowak, 2008] when "apalike" style is used. The "\rcite[<labels>]" creates the same list as "\cite[<labels>]" but without the outer brackets. Example: "[\rcite[tbn], pg.~13]" creates [4,~pg.13]. The "\ecite[<label>]{<text>}" prints the "<text>" only, but the entry labeled "<label>" is decided as to be cited. If "\hyperlinks" is used then "<text>" is linked to the references list. You can define alternative formating of "\cite" command. Example: \begtt \def\cite[#1]{(\rcite[#1])} % \cite[<label>] creates (27) \def\cite[#1]{$^{\rcite[#1]}$} % \cite[<label>] creates^{27} \endtt The numbers printed by "\cite" correspond to the same numbers generated in the list of references. There are four possibilities to generate this references list: \begitems * Manually using "\bib[<label>]" commands. * Using bib\TeX{} and "\usebibtex{<bib-base>}{<bib-style>}" command. * Using pregenerated "*.bbl" file and "\usebbl/<type> <bbl-base>" command. * By "\usebib/<type> (<style>) <bbl-base>" command which reads "*.bib" databases directly. \enditems These possibilities are documented here in detail: \medskip\noindent {\bf References created manually using "\bib[<label>]" command.} {\def\tthook{\catcode`/=0 \catcode`+=9 } \begtt \bib [tbn] P. Ol/v+s/'ak. {\it\TeX{}book naruby.} 468~s. Brno: Konvoj, 1997. \bib [tst] P. Ol/v+s/'ak. {\it Typografick/'y syst/'em \TeX.} 269~s. Praha: CSTUG, 1995. \endtt } If you are using "\nonumcitations" then you need to declare the "<marks>" used by "\cite" command. To do it you have to use long form of the "\bib" command which is in the format "\bib[<label>] = {<mark>}". The spaces around equal sign are mandatory. Example: {\def\tthook{\catcode`/=0 \catcode`+=9 } \begtt \bib [tbn] = {Olšák, 2001} P. Ol/v+s/'ak. {\it\TeX{}book naruby.} 468~s. Brno: Konvoj, 2001. \endtt } {\bf References using bib\TeX.} The command "\usebibtex{<bib-base>}{<bst-style>}" creates the list of cited entries and entries indicated by "\nocite[<label>]". After first \TeX{} run the "*.aux" file is created, so user have to run the bib\TeX{} by the command "bibtex <document>". After second \TeX{} run the bib\TeX's output is read and after third \TeX{} run all references are properly created. The "<bib-base>" is one or more "*.bib" database source files (separated by spaces and without extension) and the "<bst-style>" is the style used by bib\TeX. The common styles are "plain", "alpha", "apalike", "ieeetr", "unsrt". \medskip\noindent {\bf Using pregenerated "*.bbl" file by bib\TeX.} You can create the temporary file ("mybase.tex", for example) which looks like: \begtt \input opmac \genbbl{<bib-base>}{<bst-style>} \end \endtt % After first \TeX{} run the "mybase.aux" is generated. Then you can run "bibtex mybase" which generates the ".bbl" file with all entries from the "<bib-base>" "*.bib" file(s). Second \TeX{} run on the file "mybase.tex" generates the printed form of the list of all bib entries with labels. This is usable printed matter, you can place it to your notice board when you create your document. Finally you can insert to your real document one of the following commands: \begtt \usebbl/a mybase % print all entries from mybase.bbl (a=all) \usebbl/b mybase % print only \cited and \nocided entries % sorted by mybase.bbl (b=bbl) \usebbl/c mybase % print only \cited and \nocited entries % sorted by \cite-order (c=cite) \endtt Sometimes the pure \LaTeX{} command occurs (unfortunately) in the ".bib" database or bib\TeX{} style. User can define such commands in the "\bibtexhook" macro which is a hook started inside the group before ".bbl" file is read. Example: \begtt \def\bibtexhook{\def\emph##1{{\em##1}}\def\frac##1##2{{##1\over##2}}} \endtt \noindent {\bf Direct reading of ".bib" files} is possible by "\usebib" macro. This macro reads macro package "opmac-bib.tex" (on demand) which uses the external package "librarian.tex" by Paul Isambert. The usage is similar to previous case: \begtt % print only \cited and \nocited entries \usebib/c (<style>) <bib-base> % sorted by \cite-order (c=cite), \usebib/s (<style>) <bib-base> % sorted by style (s=style). \endtt The "<bib-base>" is one or more "*.bib" database source files (separated by spaces and without extension) and the "<style>" is the part of the filename "opmac-bib-<style>.tex" where the formatting of the references list is defined. Possible styles are "simple" or "iso690". The behavior of "opmac-bib.tex" and "opmac-bib-iso690.tex" is full documented in these files (after "\endinput" command). \medskip\noindent {\bf Formatting of the references list} is controlled by the "\printb" macro. It is called at the begin of each entry. The default "\printb" macro prints the number of the entry in square brackets. If the "\nonumcitations" is set then no numbers are printed, only all lines (but no first one) are indented. The "\printb" macro can use the following values: "\the\bibnum" (the number of the entry) and "\the\bibmark" (the mark of the entry used when "\nonumcitations" is set). Examples: \begtt % The numbers are without square brackets: \def\printbib{\hangindent=\parindent \indent \llap{\the\bibnum. }} % Printing of <marks> when \nonumcitations is set: \def\printbib{\hangindent=\parindent \noindent [\the\bibmark]\quad} \endtt Next examples can be found on the \ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-tricks-e.html]{OPmac tricks WWW page}. \sec Typesetting math %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% There are two files for math typesetting prepared in \csplain: \begitems * "ams-math.tex" loads the AMS math fonts visual compatible with Computer modern. * "tx-math.tex" loads the TX fonts visual compatible with Times. \enditems OPmac reads the first file "ams-math.tex" by default. If you are using font files from \csplain{} ("ctimes.tex", "cbookman.tex", "cs-termes.tex" etc.) then the second math-file "tx-math.tex" is loaded. This section describes the features of the macros from "ams-math.tex" or "tx-math.tex". More documentation is written in these files themselves. Hundreds math symbols and operators like in AMS\TeX{} are accesible. For example "\alpha" $\alpha$, "\geq" $\geq$, "\sum" $\sum$, "\sphericalangle" $\sphericalangle$, "\bumpeq", $\bumpeq$. See AMS\TeX{} manual (or TX-fonts manual) for complete list of symbols. The following math alphabets are available: {\def\tthook{\catcode`\$=3 \catcode`/=0 \medmuskip=0mu \adef{ }{ }}% \begtt \mit % mathematical variables $abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ \it % text italics $/it abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ \rm % text roman $/rm abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ \cal % normal calligraphics $/cal ABC-XYZ$ \script % script $/script ABC-XYZ$ \frak % fracture $/frak abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ \bbchar % double stroked letters $/bbchar ABC-XYZ$ \bf % sans serif bold $/bf abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ \bi % sans serif bold slanted $/bi abc-xyz,ABC-XYZ$ \endtt } The last two selectors "\bf" and "\bi" select the sans serif fonts regardless current text font family. The reason is that these shapes are used for vectors and matrices in Czech math typesetting. The math fonts are scaled by "\typosize" and "\typoscale" macros. Two math fonts collections are prepared: "\normalmath" for normal weight and "\boldmath" for bold. The first one is set by default. There is an example for math typesetting in titles: \begtt \def\title#1\par{\centerline{\typosize[17/]\bf\boldmath #1}} \title The title with math $\int_a^b f(x) {\rm d}x$ is here \endtt Variables are printed by special math italics when "ams-math.tex" is loaded and by text italics of the current text font when "tx-math.tex" is loaded. You can change this behavior by following commands: \begtt \itvariables % variables typeset by text italics. \mitvariables % variables typeset by math italics. \endtt % {\bf Note:} Due to the features described in this section (AMS symbols, "\bbchar", "\script", "\frak" characters and sans serif bold in math) more special fonts are loaded (from AMS package and from EC fonts). If you dislike such dependency, you can follow the \ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-tricks-e.html\#onlycm]{OPmac trick 0111}. \sec Setting the margins %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% OPmac declares paper formats a4, a4l (landscape~a4), a5, a5l, b5, letter and user can declare another own format by "\sdef": \begtt \sdef{pgs:b5l}{(250,176)mm} \sdef{pgs:letterl}{(11,8.5)in} \endtt The "\margins" command declares margins of the document. This command have the following parameters: \begtt \margins/<pg> <fmt> (<left>,<right>,<top>,<bot>)<unit> example: \margins/1 a4 (2.5,2.5,2,2)cm \endtt Parameters are: \begitems * <pg> \dots\ "1" or "2" specifies one-page or two-pages design. * <fmt> \dots\ paper format (a4, a4l, a5, letter, etc. or user defined). * <left>, <right>, <top>, <bot> \dots\ gives the amount of left, right, top and bottom margins. * <unit> \dots\ unit used for values <left>, <right>, <top>, <bot>. \enditems Each of the parameters <left>, <right>, <top>, <bot> can be empty. If both <left> and <right> are nonempty then "\hsize" is set. Else "\hsize" is unchanged. If both <left> and <right> are empty then typesetting area is centered in the paper format. The analogical rule works when <top> or <bot> parameter is empty ("\vsize" instead "\hsize" is used). Examples: \begtt \margins/1 a4 (,,,)mm % \hsize, \vsize untouched, % typesetting area centered \margins/1 a4 (,2,,)cm % right margin set to 2cm % \hsize, \vsize untouched, vertically centered \endtt If "<pg>=1" then all pages have the same margins. If "<pg>=2" then the declared margins are true for odd pages. The margins at the even pages are mirrored in such case, it means that <left> is replaced by <right> and vice versa. The "<fmt>" can be in the form "(<width>,<height>)<unit>" where "<unit>" is optional. If it is missing then "<unit>" after margins specification is used. For example: \begtt \margins/1 (100,200) (7,7,7,7)mm \endtt % declares the paper 100$\times$200\,mm with all four margins 7\,mm. The spaces before and after "<fmt>" parameter are necessery. The command "\magscale[<factor>]" scales the whole typesetting area. The fixed point of such scaling is the so called the ``Knuth's point'': 1in below and 1in right of paper sides. Typesetting (breakpoints etc.) is unchanged. All units are relative after such scaling. Only paper formats dimensions stays unscaled. Example: \begtt \margins/2 a5 (22,17,19,21)mm \magscale[1414] \margins/1 a4 (,,,)mm \endtt % The first line sets the "\hsize" and "\vsize" and margins for final printing at a5 format. The setting on the second line centers the scaled typesetting area to the true a4 paper while breaking points for paragraphs and pages are unchanged. It may be usable for review printing. After review is done, the second line can be commented out. \sec The last page %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The number of the last page (it may be different from number of pages) is stored in the "\lastpage" register after first \TeX{} run if the working "*.ref" file is open. This file isn't open for every documents; only for those where the forward references are printed or table of contents is created. If the "*.ref" file isn't open for your document and you need to use the "\lastpage" register then you have to write the command "\openref". This command opens the "*.ref" file immediatelly. There is an example for footlines in the format ``current page / last page'': \begtt \footline={\hss \rm \thefontsize[10]\the\pageno/\the\lastpage \hss} \endtt \sec Using other language %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% OPmac supports all languages but only English, Czech and Slovak languages are immediately ready for use. When using another language, you have to do little more work. First of all, use \TeX{} engine and \TeX{} format ready for such language (with hyphenation patterns preloaded or prepared). \CS{}plain for pdf\TeX{} supports 16 languages (since March 2019) but better choice is \CS{}plain for Lua\TeX{} which works in Unicode and supports all languages from \TeX{} distribution (about 57 languages). The next example shows usage of Spanish language. \CS{}plain for Lua\TeX{} is assumed, so use the command "luatex -fmt pdfcsplain example". \mubyte \ntie ^^c3^^b1\endmubyte \def\ntie{\~n} \mubyte \ccedilla ^^c3^^a7\endmubyte \def\ccedilla{\c c} \mubyte \Ccedilla ^^c3^^87\endmubyte \def\Ccedilla{\c C} \begtt \input opmac \input lmfonts % Unicode fonts \sdef{mt:chap:es}{Capítulo} % Chapter in es \sdef{mt:t:es}{Cuadro} % Table in es \sdef{mt:f:es}{Figura} % Figure in es \eslang % Spanish hyphenation + activation of declated "es" words \sec Mañana Mañana. \caption/f Test % generates the text "Figura 1.1 Test" \bye \endtt The declaration of the Spanish words ``Capítulo'', ``Cuadro'' and ``Figura'' is shown in this example. You can see that such declaration is based on the short language name "es" (by ISO 639-1). The declared words are activated after the hyphenation selector "\eslang" is used. When you are using basic fromat from "etex.src", i.e.\ the commands "luatex example" or "xetex example", then you have to use language selector "\uselanguage{espanol}" instead "\eslang" and you have to declare the connection from long language name to short name by "\isolangset{espanol}{es}". When sorting the index by "\makeindex" in the non-\csplain{} format, OPmac writes a warning: ``falling back to ASCII sorting''. If you want to use sorting rules given for your language, you must define the macro "\sortingdata<iso-code>". And you can optionally define the "\specsortingdata<iso-code>" macro. Example: {\emergencystretch=2em\par} \begtt \def\sortingdataes {aAäÄáÁ,bB,cCçÇ,^^P^^Q^^R,dD,...,zZ,.} \def\specsortingdataes {ch:^^P Ch:^^Q CH:^^R} \endtt There are groups of letters separated by comma and ended by comma-dot in the macro "\sortingdata<iso-code>". (In the example above, three dots must be replaced by real data by the user.) All letters in one group are not distinguished during first step of sorting (primary sorting). If some items are equal from this point of view then the secondary sorting is processed for such items where all mentioned letters are distinguished in the order given in the macro. Sorting algorithm can treat couple of letters (like Dz, Ch etc.) as one letter if the macro "\specsortingdata<iso-code>" is defined. There is a space separated list of items in the form "<couple>:<one-token>". The replacing from <couple> to <one-token> is done before sorting, so you can use "<one-token>" in the "\sortingdata<iso-code>" macro. The "<one-token>" must be something special not used as the letter of the alphabet. The usage of "^^A", "^^B" etc. is recommended but you must avoid the "^^I" and "^^M" because these characters have special catcode. The macro "\sortingdata<iso-code>" (if it is defined and the hyphenation of given language is selected) has precedence before an internal "\sortingdata" defined in OPmac. The internal "\sortingdata" are optimized for Czech, Slovak and English languages. The list of ignored characters for sorting point of view is defined in the "\setignoredchars" macro. OPmac defines this macro like: {\catcode`\<=12 \begtt \def\setignoredchars{\setlccodes ,.;.?.!.:.'.".|.(.).[.].<.>.=.+.{}{}} \endtt }% It means that comma, semicolon, question mark, \dots, plus mark are treated as dot and dot is ignored by sorting algorithm. You can redefine this macro, but you must keep the format, keep "\setlccodes" in the front and "{}{}" in the end. \sec Pre-defined styles OPmac defines two style-declaration macros "\report" and "\letter" since Mar.~2019. You can use them at the beginning of your document if you are preparing these types of document and you don't need to create your own macros. The "\report" declaration is intended to create reports. It sets default font size to 11\,pt and "\parindent" to 1.2\,em. The "\tit" macro uses smaller font because we assume that ``chapter'' level will be not used in reports. The first page has no page number, but next pages are numbered (from number 2). The footnotes are numbered from one in whole document. The macro "\author <authors><end-line>" can be used when "\report" is declared. It prints "<authors>" in italics at center of the line. You can separate authors by "\nl" to more lines. The "\letter" declaration is intended to create letters. It sets default font size to 11\,pt and "\parindent" to 0\,pt. It sets half-line space between paragraphs. The page numbers are not printed. The "\subject" macro can be used, it prints the word ``Subject:'' or ``V\v{e}c'' in bold depending on used language. Moreover, the "\address" macro can be used when "\letter" is declared. The usage of the "\address" macro looks like: \begtt \address <first line of address> <second line of address> <etc.> <empty line> \endtt It means that you need not to use any special mark at the end of lines: end of lines in the source file are the same as in printed output. The "\address" macro creates "\vtop" with address lines. The width of such "\vtop" is equal to the most wide line used in it. So, you can use "\hfill\address..." in order to put the address box to the right side of the document. Or you can use "<prefixed text>\address..." to put "<prefixed text>" before first line of the address. Analogical declaration macros "\book" or "\slides" are not prepared. Each book needs an individual typographical care so you need to cerate specific macros for design. And you can find an inspiration of slides in OPmac tricks \ulink[http://petr.olsak.net/opmac-tricks-e.html\#slidy]{0017 and 0022}. %\vfil\break \sec Summary %%%%%%%%%%%% \def\tthook{\typosize[10/12]\adef!{\string\endtt}\adef&{\kern.25em}} \begtt \tit Title (terminated by end of line) \chap Chapter Title (terminated by end of line) \sec Section Title (terminated by end of line) \secc Subsection Title (terminanted by end of line) \maketoc % table of contents generation \ii item1,item2 % insertion the items to the index \makeindex % the index is generated \label [labname] % link target location \ref [labname] % link to the chapter, section, subsection, equation \pgref [labname] % link to the page of the chapter, section, ... \caption/t % a numbered table caption \caption/f % a numbered caption for the picture \eqmark % a numbered equation \begitems % start list of the items \enditems % end of list of the items \begtt % start verbatim text ! % end verbatim text \activettchar X % initialization character X for in-text verbatim \verbinput % verbatim extract from the external file \begmulti num % start multicolumn text (num columns) \endmulti % end multicolumn text \cite [labnames] % refers to the item in the lits of references \rcite [labnames] % similar to \cite but [] are not printed. \sortcitations \shortcitations \nonumcitations % cite format \bib [labname] % an item in the list of references \usebibtex {bib-base}{bst-style} % use BibTeX for bibliography \genbbl {bib-base}{bst-style} % prepare the bbl file generation \usebbl/? bbl-base % use pre-generated bbl file, ? in {a,b,c} \usebib/? (style) bib-base % direct using of .bib file, ? in {s,c} \fontfam [FamilyName] % selection of font family \typosize [font-size/baselineskip] % size setting of typesetting \typoscale [factor-font/factor-baselineskip] % size scaling \thefontsize [size] \thefontscale [factor] % current font size \inspic file.ext % insert a picture, extensions: jpg, png, pdf \table {rule}{data} % simple macro for the tables like in LaTeX \fnote % footnote (local numbering on each page) \mnote % note in the margin (left or right by page number) \hyperlinks {color-in}{color-out} % PDF links activate as clickable \outlines {level} % PDF will have a table of contents in the left tab \magscale[factor] % resize typesetting, line/page breaking unchanged \margins/pg format (left, right, top, bottom)unit % margins setting \report \letter % style declaration macros \endtt \end