%macropackage=lplaing \documentstyle[bibgerm]{article} \def\tex{{\the\textfont0\TeX}} \def\pLaTeX{{\the\textfont0 L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 A}\kern-.15em T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}} \def\LaTeX{\protect\pLaTeX} \def\pBibTeX{{\the\textfont0 B\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 IB}\kern-.1em\TeX}} \def\BibTeX{\protect\pBibTeX} \def\bibtex{\BibTeX}\def\tex{\TeX} \def\latex{\LaTeX} \def\dat#1{{\tt #1}} \def\bsl{{\tt\char'134}} % '\' \def\leerz{{\tt\char'040}} % little 'u' for spaces \def\affe{\char'100} % '@' \exhyphenpenalty=50 \hyphenpenalty=10 \doublehyphendemerits=50 \finalhyphendemerits=50 \brokenpenalty=100 \pretolerance=0 \tolerance=2000 \looseness=0 \linepenalty=10 \hoffset=-1.0in \textwidth6.4in \oddsidemargin0.8in \evensidemargin0.8in \marginparwidth0.6in \marginparsep0.2in \marginparpush1ex \topmargin0pt \headheight2.5ex \headsep5ex \textheight9.25in \columnsep10pt \columnseprule0pt \parindent0pt \parskip2.5ex plus1.5ex minus1.5ex \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} \renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.1} \def\footnoterule{\vfill\kern-3pt \hrule width \textwidth\kern 2.6pt} \pagestyle{headings} \newlength{\mylena} \originalTeX\nonfrenchspacing \begin{document} \title{German and international \bibtex ing\\A manual for the 'german' \bibtex\ styles} \author{Martin Wallmeier\thanks{Tel.: [[0]0\,49]\,(09\,31)\,80\,05\,--\,5\,10}\\ G"obelslehenstr. 1--b\,16\\8700 W"urzburg\\ West Germany\\e-mail: neuk121@wrzx13.rz.uni-wuerzburg.de} \date{20$^{th}$ April 1993} \maketitle \tableofcontents \section{Introduction} The original \bibtex\ version 0.99b standard styles allow only English references. There are some so called \dat{'German'} styles, but they allow only German references. I couldn't find any style beeing able to switch between the language for mixed references. In scientific publications you will find a lot of English references beside the ones of the country, where the publication was written. But it looks awful, if you mix an english reference with german expressions, for example: \begin{center}\begin{minipage}{.7\textwidth}\raggedright\tt Wilson, Braunwald, und Isselbacher, Herausgeber. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Band 1, twelfth Auf{}lage\ldots\end{minipage}\end{center} So I tried to write a style being able to switch the language. \section[Restrictions of and problems with \bibtex]{Restrictions of and problems with \bibtex\footnote{Dedicated to Oren Patashnik at Stanford University. I hope this will find him anytime.}} There is a terrific restriction at least in my version of \bibtex: it allows only ten (10) global variables of type \dat{STRINGS}. Therefore it was impossible to implement a function which would decide whether to switch the language and then call a specific function for every country that could actualize the contents of these string variables. So the only possible way seemed to be to create a series of \tex\ macros. Another problem occured with \bibtex's built in function \verb|add.period$|. This function adds a point, if the last non '\}' character is no '.', '!' or '?'. But how to tell \verb|add.period$| that the \tex\ macros for abbreviations contain a point, although there is not one obvious for \bibtex? The \tex\ macros have one parameter now: If you abbreviate editors for example as 'eds.' \verb|add.period$| mustn't set a point if the corresponding \tex\ macro is set in the output. So {\tt\bsl btxeditorsshort} is defined as follows:\\[.5ex] \verb| \def\btxeditorsshort#1{eds#1}|\\[.5ex] Now you can write {\tt\bsl btxeditorsshort\{.\}} in the \bibtex\ style file and \verb|add.period$| will find a point if {\tt\bsl btxeditorsshort\{.\}} is the last expression in the sentence. As you can see this is only necessary for those expressions that can stand at the end of a sentence or block. 'And' usually will not stay at the end of a sentence. So you can define the corresponding macros as pointed abbreviation, if you want to. I had to face a last problem with the built in function \verb|change.case$|. It's similar to the one with \verb|add.period$|. This function is also unable to expand the defined \tex\ macros. Therefore I had to define always two forms of macros \verb|\btx...| and \verb|\Btx...| where the second should be used where something like `The Quick Brown Fox Jumps Over The Lazy Dog' is to occure and the first for something like `The quick brown fox\ldots' if the expression starts a sentence or `the quick brown fox\ldots' if it is used in the middle of a sentence. The {\tt change.case\$} function will not be called if a title is going to be formatted and {\tt language} is not set to {\tt 'english'} or {\tt 'USenglish'}. Henceforth you don't have to use '\{\}' braces to avoid {\tt chang.case\$} in titles of other languages. Thus typing is much easier. Typing comfort could be also improoved very much if \bibtex\ would understand umlauts as \tex\ version 3.1 and not only constructions like \verb|{\"{a}}|. All these constructions are tricky and uncomfortable only to bypass or fool the built in \bibtex\ functions. Things would be much easier if more global string variables could be defined. Then \bibtex\ could format the content of the string variables directly and commands like \verb|add.period$| or \verb|\cange.case$| would work the same way as if the expression would occure in the text. Now you know about the reasons why I had to make a new \latex\ style \dat{bibgerm.sty} for use with the \dat{ger[...].bst} \bibtex\ styles. It defines the \tex\ macros mentioned above and listed below. \section{Implementation} \bibtex\ was changed in the way that it doesn't place string constants, but \tex\ macros into the output for expressions that vary in the different languages. So \bibtex\ generates a {\tt\bsl selectlanguage\{...\}} command just before the current \verb|\bibitem[...]{...}| if the {\tt language} field in the database entry is not empty. There are only a few allowed contents for {\tt language}: {\tt 'german'}, {\tt 'austrian'}, {\tt 'english'}, and {\tt 'USenglish'}, because I'm speaking only German and bad English. {\tt 'english'} does the same as {\tt 'USenglish'} at the moment. I think there won't be many differences, but I could imagine some concerning 'Master's thesis' and 'PhD thesis'. {\tt 'austrian'} does nearly the same as {\tt 'german'}, only the month 'January' is different. It should be not so very difficult to implement other languages for someone who is a little bit acquainted to \tex\ or \latex. You probably needn't change the \bibtex\ styles, but only to supplement the \dat{bibgerm.sty} \latex\ style a little bit. \subsection{\ifx\undefined\selectfont \else\series{m}\fi\dat{bibgerm.sty}} The macro \verb|\selectlanguage{...}| of the original \dat{german.sty} \cite{partl}switched already things like {\tt 'date'} and {\tt 'captionnames'}. There are now some new global definitions \verb|\bibsgerman|, \verb|\bibsenglish| and \verb|\bibsUSenglish| being called by {\tt\bsl selectlanguage\{...\}}. The \verb|\bibs...| macros redefine the meanings for a list of \tex\ macros according to the current language: \settowidth{\mylena}{\tt\bsl def\bsl ...short\#\#1\{...\#\#1\}} \begin{center}\begin{tabular}{|l|p{.67\textwidth}@{}l|}\hline \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{General Aspects}\\\hline \hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & Meaning &\\\hline {\tt\bsl def\bsl btx...\{...\}} & \raggedright Expression in lower case letters for use in the middle of a sentence (e.\ g.\ 'volume').&\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btx...\{...\}} & \raggedright Expression with the first letter capitalized for use at the beginning of a sentence (e.\ g.\ 'Volume') or formatted like a booktitle (e.\ g.\ 'Technical Report 037').&\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl ...short\#\#1\{...\#\#1\}} & \raggedright Mostly abbreviated expression. The tricky construction {\tt\#\#1} was explained above. You need double {\tt'\#'} because the macros are defined inside the global definition of the {\tt\bsl bibs...} macro. The parameter {\tt\#\#1} is used to set the last point of an abbreviation that can occure at the end of a sentence (e.\ g.\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetalshort\#\#1\{et~al\#\#1\}}). If you don't want to have a point at the end you skip the {\tt\#\#1} inside the braces.&\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl ...long\{...\}} & \raggedright Expression used for the long i.\,\,e.\ unabbreviated form (e.\ g.\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetallong\{ et~alii\}}). &\\\hline \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Details}\\\hline \hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & meaning &\\\hline {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetalshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Used after authors or editors, if there is {\tt 'and othrers'} at the end of the corresponding \bibtex\ database entry field (defined as {\tt 'et~al\#\#1{}'}). This expression might finish a sentence or block; so {\tt '\#\#1'} is necessary for {\tt 'add.period\$'}. &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxetallong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'et~alii'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxandshort} & \raggedright Used before the last author or editor if there are more than one (defined as {\tt 'and'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxandlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'and'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinshort} & \raggedright Used with entry type {\tt @incollection} or {\tt @inproceedings} as introduction for the reference to the superior work (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxinshort} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'In'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxinlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'In'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxofseriesshort} & \raggedright Used after the volume number before the title of the book series (defined as {\tt 'of'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxofserieslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'of'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinseriesshort} & \raggedright Used for a part of a book with a separate title. If there is a number given it is placed before the title of the series (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxinserieslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'in'}). &\\ \hline\end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|p{.67\textwidth}@{}l|}\hline \hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & meaning &\\\hline {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for a single {\em editor\/} that can be placed at the end of the editor block (defined as {\tt 'ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'editor'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorsshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Equivalent of the above for more than one editor (defined as {\tt 'eds\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditorslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'editors'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorshort\#\#1} & \raggedright This and the following macros could be used by a style file that would start a bibliography entry with something like 'Ed.:\ \ldots' (defined as {\tt 'Ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Editor'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorsshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Plural of the above (defined as {\tt 'Eds\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditorslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Editors'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxvolumeshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em volume\/} for use after a comma, i.\,\,e.\ in the middle of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'vol\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxvolumelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'volume'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxvolumeshort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'Vol\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxvolumelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Volume'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxnumbershort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em number\/} if used in the middle of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'no\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxnumberlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'number'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxnumbershort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'No\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxnumberlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Number'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditionshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em edition\/} that can finish a sentence or block (defined as {\tt 'ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxeditionlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'edition'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditionshort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'Ed\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxeditionlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Edition'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxchaptershort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviation for {\em chapter\/} which might be placed at the end of a sentence if it would be used after first, second, etc. (defined as {\tt 'chap\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxchapterlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'chapter'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxchaptershort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'Chap\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxchapterlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Chapter'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpageshort\#\#1} & Abbreviation for {\em page\/} \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'p\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpagelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'page'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpagesshort\#\#1} & \raggedright If there are more than one {\em page\/} this abbreviation will be used (defined as {\tt 'pp\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxpageslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'pages'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpageshort\#\#1} & \raggedright For use at the beginning of a sentence (defined as {\tt 'P\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpagelong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Page'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpagesshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Plural of the above (defined as {\tt 'Pp\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxpageslong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Pages'}). &\\ \hline\end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|l|p{.67\textwidth}@{}l|}\hline \hbox to\mylena{\tex\ macro\hfil} & Meaning &\\\hline {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmastthesis} & \raggedright Expression that will be used by default if there is given no \bibtex\ database entry field {\tt type} in a {\tt @masterthesis} entry (defined as {\tt 'Master's thesis'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxphdthesis} & \raggedright Equivalent of the above for the {\tt @phdthesis} entry (defined as {\tt 'PhD thesis'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxtechrepshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Equivalent of the above for abbreviated {\tt @techreport} entry formatted like the title of an article or journal, i.\,\,e.\ only the first letter capitalized (defined as {\tt 'Techn.\ rep\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxtechreplong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Technical report'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxtechrepshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Same as the above but formatted like a booktitle, i.\,\,e.\ all words capitalized except articles and conjunctions like 'the' or 'of', etc. This one is used if the number field of the {\tt @techreport} entry is not empty (defined as {\tt 'Techn.\ Rep\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl Btxtechreplong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated form of the above (defined as {\tt 'Technical Report'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjanshort\#\#1} & \raggedright Abbreviated names of the months (defined as {\tt 'Jan\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonfebshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Feb\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmarshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Mar\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonaprshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Apr\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmayshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'May'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjunshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'June'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjulshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'July'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonaugshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Aug\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonsepshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Sept\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonoctshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Oct\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonnovshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Nov\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmondecshort\#\#1} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'Dec\#\#1{}'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjanlong} & \raggedright Unabbreviated names of the months (defined as {\tt 'January'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonfeblong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'February'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmarlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'March'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonaprlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'April'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonmaylong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'May'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjunlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'June'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonjullong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'July'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonauglong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'August'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonseplong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'September'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonoctlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'October'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmonnovlong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'November'}). &\\ {\tt\bsl def\bsl btxmondeclong} & \raggedright (defined as {\tt 'December'}). &\\ \hline\end{tabular}\end{center} For more details about macro programming refer to \cite{texbook}. \subsection{Available \bibtex\ styles and file list} All \bibtex\ standard styles are available although I've changed their design a little bit. Furthermore, I adjusted the \dat{'apalike.bst'} which allows references like '(Jones 1986)'. The names of the 'german' \bibtex\ styles, their corresponding standards, and the remaining files are listed in the following table: \begin{center}\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}\hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\bibtex\ Styles and Files}\\\hline 'german' & Standard \\\hline {\tt gerabbrv.bst} & {\tt abbrv.bst} \\ {\tt geralpha.bst} & {\tt alpha.bst} \\ {\tt gerplain.bst} & {\tt plain.bst} \\ {\tt gerunsrt.bst} & {\tt unsrt.bst} \\\hline {\tt gerapali.bst} & {\tt apalike.bst} \\\hline {\tt gerxampl.bib} & {\tt xampl.bib} \\\hline\hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\latex\ Styles}\\\hline 'german' & Standard \\\hline {\tt bibgerm.sty} & {\tt german.sty} \\ {\tt apalike.sty} & {\tt apalike.sty} \\\hline\hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Manual for \latex}\\\hline {\tt gerbibtx.tex} & {\sc Manual} and \\ {\tt gerbibtx.bib} & {\sc Bibliography}\\\hline\hline \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{Original Manuals}\\\hline {\tt btxdoc.tex} & For general users\\ {\tt btxhak.tex} & For style designers\\ {\tt btxdoc.bib} & {\sc Bibliography}\\\hline \end{tabular}\end{center} If you want to write \bibtex\ styles on your own, you are absolutely in need of \cite{bibtex.a} and \cite{bibtex.b}. These documents should be as files in your distribution of \bibtex. If they are not, complain violently to the distributor. \subsection{Changes to the standard styles} There are two new functions: {\tt after.authors} and {\tt smallcaps}. The last is similar to {\tt emphasize}. It sets the authors or editors in {\sc Small Caps}. If you don't like that, you can change it to an empty function. The other one sets the new 'state' {\tt before.title}. These 'states' are used by the different {\tt output} routines to decide what punctuation is going to be placed (most times point or comma) before the string on the stack. If the current 'state' is {\tt before.title} a colon is placed before the title of what ever, i.\,\,e. regularly after authors and editors. If you don't like this either, you can copy the function {\tt new.block} to {\tt after.authors}. Then a point will be set instead of a colon. {\tt gerapali.bst} behaves in this way, because a colon after braces looks a little bit strange. I've changed also the format of the authors' and editors' names to my personal favorites: \begin{center}\begin{minipage}{.7\textwidth}\raggedright\tt Wallmeier, M. van, O. Patashnik, and L. van Lamport (eds.): \bibtex ing is great\ldots\end{minipage}\end{center} You can reset the original status by comparing the lines where the function {\tt format.name\$} occures with the according lines in the original standard \bibtex\ styles. Nevertheless you should be familar with \bibtex's name formatting \cite[section 5.4]{bibtex.b}. I'm not in access to the original \latex\ standard work \cite{lamport}. But \cite[appendix B]{kopka} is marked as an almost extensive translation from \cite{lamport}. If this is true, there are a few differences concerning the optional fields in some entry types. They concern the additional field {\tt number} that is used by the entry types {\tt @book}, {\tt @inbook}, {\tt @incollection}, {\tt @inproceedings}, and {\tt @proceedings} and the additional field {\tt tpye} that is used in {\tt @masterthesis} and {\tt @phdthesis}. Those were of most importance for writing {\tt bibgerm.sty} and the {\tt ger[...].bst} files, but there are some more \cite[section 2.2 'Changes to the standard styles']{bibtex.a}. \section{Changes} \begin{description} \item[1993, April 20th:] \verb|bibgerm.sty| changed for use with `german.sty' version 2.4. In detail: redefine `\verb|\selectlanguage|' or `\verb|\p@selectlanguage|' depending on version of `german.sty'. \end{description} \section{Known bugs} \begin{description} \item[german.sty:] Probably `\verb|bibgerm.sty|' won't work with `german.sty' version 3. \end{description} \bibliography{gerbibtx}\bibliographystyle{gerplain} \end{document}