.RM 68 .NO NUMBER .NO PAGING .STHL 5,1,1 .lm 0 1 DVIPS .lm 2 The dvips program converts a TEX dvi file into a PostScript file for printing or distribution. Seldom has such a seemingly easy programming task required so much effort. The dvips program has a number of features that set it apart from other PostScript drivers for TEX. The dvips driver generates excellent, standard PostScript, that can be included in other documents as figures or printed through a variety of spoolers. The generated PostScript requires very little printer memory, so very complex documents with a lot of fonts can easily be printed even on PostScript printers without much memory, such as the original Apple LaserWriter. The PostScript output is also compact, requiring less disk space to store and making it feasible as a transfer format. .skip 1 Missing fonts can be automatically generated if METAFONT exists on the system, or fonts can be converted from gf to pk format on demand. If a font cannot be generated, a scaled version of the same font at a different size can be used instead, although dvips will complain loudly about the poor aesthetics of the resulting output. .skip 1 .literal usage: DVIPS filename[.dvi] .end literal .skip 1 .lm 0 2 Parameters .s .lm 2 Filename .s Specifies the name of the .DVI file that is to be processed. .lm 0 2 Command__Qualifiers .skip 1 /COPIES .lm 6 .skip 1 /COPIES=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Generate num copies of every page. Default is 1. (For collated copies, see the /COLLATE option.) .skip 1 .lm 0 /DEBUG .skip 1 .lm 6 /DEBUG=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the debug flags. This is intended only for emergencies or for unusual fact-finding expeditions; it will work only if dvips has been compiled with the DEBUG option. Use .skip 1 .literal num=1 for special num=2 for paths num=4 for fonts num=8 for pages num=16 for headers num=32 for font compression num=64 for files num=128 for memory allocation .end literal .skip 1 Use a value of -1 for maximum output. .skip 1 .lm 0 /MAXDRIFT .skip 1 .lm 6 /MAXDRIFT=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Make sure that each character is placed at most this many pixels from its `true' resolution-independent position on the page. The default value of this parameter is resolution dependent (it is the number of entries in the list [100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, 3200, : : :] that are less than or equal to the resolution in dots per inch). Allowing individual characters to `drift' from their correctly rounded positions by a few pixels, while regaining the true position at the beginning of each new word, improves the spacing of letters in words. .skip 1 .lm 0 /FILTER .skip 1 .lm 2 Run as a filter. Read the dvi file from standard input and write the PostScript to standard output. The standard input must be seekable, so it cannot be a pipe. If you must use a pipe, write a shell script that copies the pipe output to a temporary file and then points dvips at this file. i-h name: Prepend file name as an additional header file. (However, if the name is simply `- ', suppress all header files from the output.) This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict. .skip 1 .lm 0 /LAST .skip 1 .lm 6 /LAST=num .lm 2 .skip 1 The last page printed will be the first one numbered num. Default is the last page in the document. .skip 1 If the /ABSOLUTE qualifier has been used then it (and any argument to the /START qualifier) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with \count0 values. Thus, using /LAST=9/ABSOLUTE will end with the ninth page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. .skip 1 .lm 0 /MANUAL .skip 1 .lm 2 Specify manual feed for printer. .skip 1 .lm 0 /NUMBER .skip 1 .lm 6 /NUMBER=num .lm 2 .skip 1 At most num pages will be printed. Default is 100000. .skip 1 .lm 0 /OUTPUT .skip 1 .lm 6 /OUTPUT=filename.ext .lm 2 .skip 1 The output will be sent to file name. If no file name is given, the default name is file.ps where the dvi file was called file.dvi . .skip 1 .lm 0 /START .skip 1 .lm 6 /START=num .lm 2 .skip 1 The first page printed will be the first one numbered num. Default is the first page in the document. .skip 1 If the /ABSOLUTE qualifier has been used then it (and any argument to the /LAST qualifier) is treated as a sequence number, rather than a value to compare with \count0 values. Thus, using /START=3/ABSOLUTE will start with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. .skip 1 .lm 0 /QUIET .skip 1 .lm 2 Run in quiet mode. Don't chatter about pages converted, etc.; report nothing but errors to standard error. .skip 1 .lm 0 /REVERSE .skip 1 .lm 2 Stack pages in reverse order. Normally, page 1 will be printed first. .skip 1 .lm 0 /SAV__RES .skip 1 .lm 2 Causes the entire global output to be enclosed in a save/restore pair. This causes the file to not be truly conformant, and is thus not recommended, but is useful if you are driving the printer directly and don't care too much about the portability of the output. .skip 1 .lm 0 /MODE .skip 1 .lm 6 /MODE=modename .lm 2 .skip 1 This sets the paper mode to modename. Currently, the only modes allowable are .skip 1 .literal "letter", which selects an 8.5 by 11 inch page, "a3", which selects an a3 sized page, "a4" , which selects an a4 sized page, "legal", which selects an 8.5 by 14 inch page, "ledger", which selects an 11 by 17 inch page, and "landscape", which rotates a letter size document by 90 degrees. .end literal .skip 1 WARNING: always include paper format between quotation marks! .skip 1 The default mode is "letter". The upper left corner of each page in the dvi file is placed one inch from the left and one inch from the top. .skip 1 If you want to specify a paper format (e.g. a4) AND landscape mode, you must use something like .literal /MODE=("landscape","a4") .end literal putting "landscape" as the first value. .skip 1 .lm 0 /MAGNIFICATION .skip 1 .lm 6 /MAGNIFICATION=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the magnification ratio to num/1000. Overrides the magnification specified in the dvi file. Must be between 10 and 100000. .skip 1 .lm 0 /COLLATE .skip 1 .lm 6 /COLLATE=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Create num copies, but collated (by replicating the data in the PostScript file). Slower than the /COPIES option, but easier on the hands, and faster than resubmitting the same PostScript file multiple times. .skip 1 .lm 0 /DPI .skip 1 .lm 6 /DPI=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the resolution in dpi (dots per inch) to num. This affects the choice of bitmap fonts that are loaded and also the positioning of letters in resident PostScript fonts. Must be between 10 and 10000. This affects both the horizontal and vertical resolution. If a high resolution (something greater than 400 dpi, say) is selected, the /COMPRESS flag should probably also be used. .skip 1 .lm 0 /CTRL__D .skip 1 .lm 2 Causes Control-D (ASCII code 4) to be appended as the very last character of the PostScript file. This is useful when dvips is driving the printer directly instead of working through a spooler, as is common on extremely small systems. Otherwise, it is not recommended. .skip 1 .lm 0 /INC__COM .skip 1 .lm 6 /INC__COM (default) .break /NOINC__COM .lm 2 .skip 1 /NOINC__COM option causes comments in included PostScript graphics, font files, and headers to be removed. This is sometimes necessary to get around bugs in spoolers or PostScript post-processing programs. Specifically, the %%Page comments, when left in, often cause difficulties. Use of this flag can cause some included graphics to fail, since the PostScript header macros from some software packages read portions of the input stream line by line, searching for a particular comment. .skip 1 .lm 0 /COMMENT .skip 1 .lm 6 /COMMENT (default) .break /NOCOMMENT .lm 2 .skip 1 /NOCOMMENT turns off structured comments; this might be necessary on some systems that try to interpret PostScript comments in weird ways, or on some PostScript printers. Old versions of Transcript in particular cannot handle modern Encapsulated PostScript. .skip 1 .lm 0 /PRINTER .skip 1 .lm 6 /PRINTER=printername .lm 2 .skip 1 Sets up the output for the appropriate printer. This is implemented by reading in config.printername , which can set various parameters such as the font paths and any other defaults for that printer only. It is recommended that all standard defaults go in the one master config.ps file and only things that vary printer to printer go in the config.printername files. Note that config.ps is read before config.printername. In addition, another file called "/.dvipsrc is searched for immediately after config.ps; this file is intended for user defaults. If no /PRINTER command is given, the environment variable PRINTER is checked. If that variable exists, and a corresponding configuration file exists, that configuration file is read in. .skip 1 .lm 0 /VM__SAVE .skip 1 .lm 6 /VM__SAVE (default) .break /NOVM__SAVE .lm 2 .skip 1 /NOVM__SAVE disables a PostScript virtual memory saving optimization that stores the character metric information in the same string that is used to store the bitmap information. This is only necessary when driving the Xerox 4045 PostScript interpreter, and it is caused by a bug in that interpreter that results in `garbage' on the bottom of each character. Not recommended unless you must drive this printer. .skip 1 .lm 0 /H__DPI .skip 1 .lm 6 /H__DPI=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the horizontal resolution in dots per inch to num. .skip 1 .lm 0 /V__DPI .skip 1 .lm 6 /V__DPI=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the vertical resolution in dots per inch to num. .skip 1 .lm 0 /COMPRESS .skip 1 .lm 2 Causes bitmapped fonts to be compressed before they are downloaded, thereby reducing the size of the PostScript font-downloading information. Especially useful at high resolutions or when very large fonts are used. Will slow down printing somewhat, especially on early 68000-based PostScript printers. .skip 1 .lm 0 .!----------------------------------------------------------------------- .! New stuff for version 5.497 .!----------------------------------------------------------------------- /HEADER .skip 1 .lm 6 /HEADER=file-spec .break /NOHEADER .lm 2 .skip 1 Prepend file "file-spec" as an additional header file. However, if the name is simply `-', suppress all header files from the output. Similarly, /NOHEADER suppress all header files from the output. This header file gets added to the PostScript userdict. (Corresponds to the -h option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /ABSOLUTE .lm 2 .skip 1 If the /ABSOLUTE qualifier has been used then any argument to the /START and/or /LAST qualifiers are treated as sequence numbers, rather than a value to compare with \count0 values. Thus, using /START=3/ABSOLUTE will start with the third page of the document, no matter what the pages are actually numbered. (Corresponds to the -p and -l options) .skip 1 .lm 0 /EPSF .lm 2 .skip 1 Makes `dvips' attempt to generate an EPSF file with a tight bounding box. This only works on one-page files, and it only looks at marks made by characters and rules, not by any included graphics. In addition, it gets the glyph metrics from the `tfm' file, so characters that lie outside their enclosing `tfm' box may confuse it. In addition, the bounding box might be a bit too loose if the character glyph has significant left or right side bearings. Nonetheless, this option works well for creating small EPSF files for equations or tables or the like. (Note, of course, that `dvips' output is resolution dependent and thus does not make very good EPSF files, especially if the images are to be scaled; use these EPSF files with a great deal of care.) (Corresponds to the -E option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /PRESCAN .lm 2 .skip 1 Conserve memory by making three passes over the `dvi' file instead of two and only loading those characters actually used. Generally only useful on machines with a very limited amount of memory, like some PCs. (Corresponds to the -a option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /PAGECOPIES .skip 1 .lm 6 /PAGECOPIES=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Generate `num' copies of each page, but duplicating the page body rather than using the `#numcopies' option. This can be useful in conjunction with a header file setting \bop-hook to do color separations or other neat tricks. (Corresponds to the -b option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /SEPARATE .skip 1 .lm 2 Make each section be a separate file. Under certain circumstances, `dvips' will split the document up into `sections' to be processed independently; this is most often done for memory reasons. Using this option tells `dvips' to place each section into a separate file; the new file names are created replacing the suffix of the supplied output file name by a three-digit sequence number. .break This option is most often used in conjunction with the /SEC_SIZE qualifier which sets the maximum section length in pages. For instance, some phototypesetters cannot print more than ten or so consecutive pages before running out of steam; these options can be used to automatically split a book into ten-page sections, each to its own file. (Corresponds to the -i option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /CROPMARKS .skip 1 .lm 2 Print crop marks. This option increases the paper size (which should be specified, either with a paper size special or with the /PSIZE qualifier) by a half inch in each dimension. It translates each page by a quarter inch and draws cross-style crop marks. It is mostly useful with typesetters that can set the page size automatically. (Corresponds to the -k option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /SEC_SIZE .skip 1 .lm 6 /SEC_SIZE=num .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the maximum number of pages in each `section'. This option is most commonly used with the /SEPARATE qualifier; see that documentation above for more information. (Corresponds to the -S option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /HELP .skip 1 .lm 2 Displays a summary of the comand line options for the DVIPS program, but it show the UNIX version. Not much use to the VMS people, maybe one day we can set it to read this help library through the LBR$ utility routines. (Corresponds to the -? option) .skip 1 .lm 0 /MAKEFONT .skip 1 .lm 6 /MAKEFONT (default) /NOMAKEFONT .lm 2 By default an attempt is made to make missing fonts. Use of /NOMAKEFONT turns off the automatic font generation facility. If any fonts are missing, commands to generate the fonts are appended to the file `missfont.log' in the current directory; this file can then be executed and deleted to create the missing fonts. .skip 1 .lm 0 /PSIZE .skip 1 .lm 6 /PSIZE="xsize,ysize" .lm 2 .skip 1 Set the paper size to the given pair of dimensions. This option takes its arguments in the same style as /POFFSET. It overrides any paper size special in the `dvi' file. .skip 1 Example : /PSIZE="6in,8in" .skip 1 .lm 0 /POFFSET .skip 1 .lm 6 /POFFSET="xoffset,yoffset" .lm 2 .skip 1 Move the origin by a certain amount. The `offset' is a comma-separated pair of dimensions, such as ".1in,-.3cm" (in the same syntax used in the /PSIZE qualifier). The origin of the page is shifted from the default position (of one inch down, one inch to the right from the upper left corner of the paper) by this amount. .skip 1 Example : /POFFSET=".1in,-.3cm" .skip 1 .!----------------------------------------------------------------------- .lm 0 2 Specials .skip 1 .lm 2 For a description of the special features of dvips see the dvips manual a LaTeX version of which may be copied using the command .skip 1 copy tex$postscript:dvips.tex dvips.tex