From c870315edd8c0e1b151cfb7410c1c4d673939e95 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Karl Berry This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a
-document preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is
+document preparation system, version as of May 2014. It is
intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of
LaTeX for many years.
-Next: Overview, Previous: Top, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
-Next: Starting & ending, Previous: About this document, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
-Next: Document classes, Previous: Overview, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
-Next: Typefaces, Previous: Starting & ending, Up: Top [Contents][Index]LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2013)
+LaTeX2e reference manual (May 2014)
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
eqnarray
equation
figure
flushleft
+ filecontents
: Create external filesflushleft
flushright
+ flushright
itemize
letter
environment: writing letterslist
math
minipage
picture
+ itemize
letter
environment: writing letterslist
math
minipage
picture
-
\circle
\makebox
\framebox
\dashbox
\frame
\line
\linethickness
\thicklines
\thinlines
\multiput
\oval
\put
\shortstack
\vector
\circle
\makebox
\framebox
\dashbox
\frame
\line
\linethickness
\thicklines
\thinlines
\multiput
\oval
\put
\shortstack
\vector
quotation
quote
tabbing
table
tabular
+ quotation
quote
tabbing
table
tabular
thebibliography
+ thebibliography
theorem
titlepage
verbatim
+ theorem
titlepage
verbatim
verse
verse
@@ -407,7 +409,7 @@ Next: About this documen
LaTeX2e
-• Document classes: Some of the various classes available.
• Typefaces: And fonts, such as bold, italics etc.
+ • Fonts: Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
@@ -479,7 +481,7 @@ LaTeX for many years.
• Layout: Controlling the page layout.
1 About this document
@@ -534,7 +536,7 @@ are several others.
2 Overview of LaTeX
@@ -626,7 +628,7 @@ explicitly directed to do otherwise.
3 Starting & ending
@@ -657,7 +659,7 @@ and the \begin{document}
commands (this area is called the
4 Document classes
@@ -837,14 +839,14 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
-Next: Layout, Previous: Document classes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Layout, Previous: Document classes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]This first group of commands is typically used like
-\textit{italic text}
. The corresponding command in
-parenthesis is the “declaration form”, which takes no arguments. The
-scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type style command
-or the end of the current group.
+
This first group of commands is typically used with an argument, as in
+\textit{italic text}
. In the table below, the corresponding
+command in parenthesis is the “declaration form”, which takes no
+arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
+style command or the end of the current group.
The declaration forms are cumulative; i.e., you can say either
-\sffamily\bfseries
or \bfseries\sffamily
to get bold
-sans serif.
+
These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
+are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either \sffamily\bfseries
or
+\bfseries\sffamily
to get bold sans serif.
You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations; for
instance, \begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}
.
These commands automatically supply an italic correction if the -
These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed. +
+\textrm (\rmfamily)
\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}
.
In addition, the command \mathversion{bold}
can be used for
switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. \mathversion{normal}
restores the default.
@@ -1014,11 +1019,11 @@ numerals also; sometimes the textcomp
package must be loaded,
and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default.
FAQ entry: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf.
LaTeX also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to
-the given style, that is, are not cumulative. They are used
-differently than the above commands, too: {\cmd ...}
-instead of \cmd{...}
. These are two very different
-things.
+
LaTeX also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
+switch to the given style, that is, are not cumulative. Also,
+they are used differently than the above commands: {\cmd
+...}
instead of \cmd{...}
. These are two very
+different things.
\bf
@@ -1090,12 +1095,20 @@ things.
Some people consider the unconditional font-switching commands, such
+as \tt
, obsolete and only the cumulative commands
+(\texttt
) should be used. I (Karl) do not agree. There are
+perfectly reasonable situations when an unconditional font switch is
+precisely what you need to get the desired output; for one example,
+see description
. Both sets of commands have
+their place.
+
-Next: Low-level font commands, Previous: Font styles, Up: Typefaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: Low-level font commands, Previous: Font styles, Up: Fonts [Contents][Index]\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}
.
-Previous: Font sizes, Up: Typefaces [Contents][Index]
+Previous: Font sizes, Up: Fonts [Contents][Index]\selectfont
.
-Next: Sectioning, Previous: Typefaces, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Sectioning, Previous: Fonts, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: \flushbottom, Previous: \onecolumn, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]
+Next: \flushbottom, Previous: \onecolumn, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]\twocolumn
-Next: \raggedbottom, Previous: \twocolumn, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]
+Next: \raggedbottom, Previous: \twocolumn, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]\flushbottom
-Next: Page layout parameters, Previous: \flushbottom, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]
+Next: Page layout parameters, Previous: \flushbottom, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]\raggedbottom
-Previous: \raggedbottom, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \raggedbottom, Up: Layout [Contents][Index]-Next: Cross references, Previous: Layout, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Cross references, Previous: Layout, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: Environments, Previous: Sectioning, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Environments, Previous: Sectioning, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: \ref, Previous: \label, Up: Cross references [Contents][Index]
+Next: \ref, Previous: \label, Up: Cross references [Contents][Index]\pageref{key}
-Previous: \pageref, Up: Cross references [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \pageref, Up: Cross references [Contents][Index]\ref{key}
-Next: Line breaking, Previous: Cross references, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Line breaking, Previous: Cross references, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: center, Previous: abstract, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: center, Previous: abstract, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]array
\arrayrulewidth
and \arraystretch
.
-Next: description, Previous: array, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: description, Previous: array, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]center
-Next: displaymath, Previous: center, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: displaymath, Previous: center, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]description
-Next: document, Previous: description, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: document, Previous: description, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]displaymath
equation
environment (see
-Next: enumerate, Previous: displaymath, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: enumerate, Previous: displaymath, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]document
-Next: eqnarray, Previous: document, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: eqnarray, Previous: document, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]enumerate
-Next: equation, Previous: enumerate, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: equation, Previous: enumerate, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]eqnarray
-Next: figure, Previous: eqnarray, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: figure, Previous: eqnarray, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]equation
-Next: flushleft, Previous: equation, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: filecontents, Previous: equation, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]figure
+Next: flushleft, Previous: figure, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+filecontents
: Create external filesSynopsis: +
+\begin{filecontents}{filename} +contents-of-file +\end{filecontents} +... +\documentclass{my-document-class} +
The filecontents
environment is an initial command,
+meaning that it can be used only before the \documentclass
+command, as in the synopsis above.
+
LaTeX will create a file named filename with the content +contents-of-file preceded by a header comment indicating how and +when the file was generated. If the file already exists then nothing will +happen. +
+You can also use the filecontents
package, which has the
+following advantages:
+
filecontents
environment at any point after the
+declaration \usepackage{filecontents}
, not just before
+\documentclass
.
+
+filecontents
package also provides a filecontents*
+environment which is used in the same way as the filecontents
+environment except that it won’t insert any leading comment, so it is
+better suited to create files which aren’t in LaTeX format.
+
+The filecontents
environment only creates the file, and is
+unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for
+instance, \input
or \usepackage
or \bibliography
+or whatever is applicable, to use the created file.
+
This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document, for +example, for a bug report, or to keep a .bib file with the main +document. +
+-Next: flushright, Previous: figure, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: flushright, Previous: filecontents, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]flushleft
flushleft
\\
.
Up: flushleft [Contents][Index]
-\raggedright
\raggedright
-Next: itemize, Previous: flushleft, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: itemize, Previous: flushleft, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]flushright
flushright
\\
.
Up: flushright [Contents][Index]
-\raggedleft
\raggedleft
-Next: letter, Previous: flushright, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: letter, Previous: flushright, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]itemize
itemize
-Next: list, Previous: itemize, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: list, Previous: itemize, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]letter
environment: writing lettersletter
environment: writing lettersThis environment is used for creating letters. See Letters. @@ -2684,10 +2759,10 @@ Next: list, Previous:
-Next: math, Previous: letter, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: math, Previous: letter, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]list
list
{}
, which leaves the default spacing.
-Next: minipage, Previous: list, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: minipage, Previous: list, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]math
math
-Next: picture, Previous: math, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: picture, Previous: math, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]minipage
minipage
-Next: quotation, Previous: minipage, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: quotation, Previous: minipage, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]picture
picture
\circle
\circle
-Next: \framebox (picture), Previous: \circle, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \framebox (picture), Previous: \circle, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\makebox
\makebox
\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}
@@ -2975,10 +3050,10 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
-Next: \dashbox, Previous: \makebox (picture), Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \dashbox, Previous: \makebox (picture), Up: picture [Contents][Index]\framebox
\framebox
Synopsis: @@ -3002,10 +3077,10 @@ and the contents of the box.
-Next: \frame, Previous: \framebox (picture), Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \frame, Previous: \framebox (picture), Up: picture [Contents][Index]\dashbox
\dashbox
dlen
.
-Next: \line, Previous: \dashbox, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \line, Previous: \dashbox, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\frame
\frame
Synopsis: @@ -3048,10 +3123,10 @@ space is put between the frame and the object.
-Next: \linethickness, Previous: \frame, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \linethickness, Previous: \frame, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\line
\line
Synopsis:
@@ -3073,10 +3148,10 @@ see the curve2e
and many many other packages on CTAN.
-Next: \thicklines, Previous: \line, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \thicklines, Previous: \line, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\linethickness
\linethickness
The \linethickness{dim}
command declares the thickness
@@ -3091,10 +3166,10 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by \oval
.
-Next: \thinlines, Previous: \linethickness, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \thinlines, Previous: \linethickness, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\thicklines
\thicklines
The \thicklines
command is an alternate line thickness for
@@ -3106,10 +3181,10 @@ cf. \linethickness and
-Next: \multiput, Previous: \thicklines, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \multiput, Previous: \thicklines, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\thinlines
\thinlines
The \thinlines
command is the default line thickness for
@@ -3121,10 +3196,10 @@ cf. \linethickness and
-Next: \oval, Previous: \thinlines, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \oval, Previous: \thinlines, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\multiput
\multiput
Synopsis: @@ -3142,10 +3217,10 @@ pattern across a picture. obj is first placed at position
-Next: \put, Previous: \multiput, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \put, Previous: \multiput, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\oval
\oval
Synopsis: @@ -3182,10 +3257,10 @@ boxes with rounded corners.
-Next: \shortstack, Previous: \oval, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \shortstack, Previous: \oval, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\put
\put
-Next: \vector, Previous: \put, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Next: \vector, Previous: \put, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\shortstack
\shortstack
Synopsis: @@ -3234,10 +3309,10 @@ positions are:
-Previous: \shortstack, Up: picture [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \shortstack, Up: picture [Contents][Index]\vector
\vector
Synopsis: @@ -3255,10 +3330,10 @@ length and slope. The x and y values must lie between
-Next: quote, Previous: picture, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: quote, Previous: picture, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]quotation
quotation
-Next: tabbing, Previous: quotation, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: tabbing, Previous: quotation, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]quote
quote
-Next: table, Previous: quote, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: table, Previous: quote, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]tabbing
tabbing
-Next: tabular, Previous: tabbing, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: tabular, Previous: tabbing, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]table
table
\caption
command allows you to title your table.
-Next: thebibliography, Previous: table, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: thebibliography, Previous: table, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]tabular
tabular
\multicolumn
\multicolumn
Synopsis:
@@ -3719,10 +3794,10 @@ for flushleft, r
for flushright. The third mandatory argument,
-Next: \hline, Previous: \multicolumn, Up: tabular [Contents][Index]
+Next: \hline, Previous: \multicolumn, Up: tabular [Contents][Index]\cline
\cline
Synopsis: @@ -3740,10 +3815,10 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument.
-Next: \vline, Previous: \cline, Up: tabular [Contents][Index]
+Next: \vline, Previous: \cline, Up: tabular [Contents][Index]\hline
\hline
The \hline
command draws a horizontal line the width of the
@@ -3756,10 +3831,10 @@ of a table.
\vline
\vline
The \vline
command will draw a vertical line extending the full
@@ -3772,10 +3847,10 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an
-Next: theorem, Previous: tabular, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: theorem, Previous: tabular, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]thebibliography
thebibliography
99
for ones with less than 100, etc.
Next: \cite, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]
-\bibitem
\bibitem
-Next: \nocite, Previous: \bibitem, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]
+Next: \nocite, Previous: \bibitem, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]\cite
\cite
\cite[p.~314]{knuth}
might produce
-Next: Using BibTeX, Previous: \cite, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]
+Next: Using BibTeX, Previous: \cite, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]\nocite
\nocite
\nocite{key_list}
@@ -3896,10 +3971,10 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the .aux file.
-Previous: \nocite, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \nocite, Up: thebibliography [Contents][Index]\cite
and
-Next: titlepage, Previous: thebibliography, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: titlepage, Previous: thebibliography, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]theorem
theorem
\newtheorem
-Next: verbatim, Previous: theorem, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: verbatim, Previous: theorem, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]titlepage
titlepage
titlepage
environment.
-Next: verse, Previous: titlepage, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Next: verse, Previous: titlepage, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]verbatim
verbatim
\verb
\verb
-Previous: verbatim, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]
+Previous: verbatim, Up: Environments [Contents][Index]verse
verse
-Next: Page breaking, Previous: Environments, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Page breaking, Previous: Environments, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: \newline, Previous: \\, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newline, Previous: \\, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\obeycr
& \restorecr
-Next: \- (hyphenation), Previous: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \- (hyphenation), Previous: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\newline
-Next: \fussy, Previous: \newline, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \fussy, Previous: \newline, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\-
(discretionary hyphen)-Next: \sloppy, Previous: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \sloppy, Previous: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\fussy
-Next: \hyphenation, Previous: \fussy, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \hyphenation, Previous: \fussy, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\sloppy
-Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Previous: \sloppy, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Previous: \sloppy, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\hyphenation
-Previous: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking [Contents][Index]\linebreak
& \nolinebreak
-Next: Footnotes, Previous: Line breaking, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Footnotes, Previous: Line breaking, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: \newpage, Previous: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newpage, Previous: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]\clearpage
-Next: \enlargethispage, Previous: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \enlargethispage, Previous: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]\newpage
\clearpage
above).
-Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Previous: \newpage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]
+Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Previous: \newpage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]\enlargethispage
-Previous: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking [Contents][Index]\pagebreak
& \nopagebreak
-Next: Definitions, Previous: Page breaking, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Definitions, Previous: Page breaking, Up: Top [Contents][Index]tabular
environment. (See following sections.)
-Next: \footnotetext, Previous: \footnote, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \footnotetext, Previous: \footnote, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]\footnotemark
-Next: Symbolic footnotes, Previous: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]
+Next: Symbolic footnotes, Previous: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]\footnotetext
-Next: Footnote parameters, Previous: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]
+Next: Footnote parameters, Previous: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]\@fnsymbol
.
-Previous: Symbolic footnotes, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]
+Previous: Symbolic footnotes, Up: Footnotes [Contents][Index]-Next: Counters, Previous: Footnotes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Counters, Previous: Footnotes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]-Next: \newlength, Previous: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newlength, Previous: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\newcounter
-Next: \newsavebox, Previous: \newcounter, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newsavebox, Previous: \newcounter, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\newlength
-Next: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Previous: \newlength, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Previous: \newlength, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\newsavebox
-Next: \newtheorem, Previous: \newsavebox, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newtheorem, Previous: \newsavebox, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\newenvironment
& \renewenvironment
-Next: \newfont, Previous: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \newfont, Previous: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\newtheorem
-Next: \protect, Previous: \newtheorem, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \protect, Previous: \newtheorem, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\newfont
-Previous: \newfont, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \newfont, Up: Definitions [Contents][Index]\protect
\protect
.
-Next: Lengths, Previous: Definitions, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Lengths, Previous: Definitions, Up: Top [Contents][Index]The symbols mostly aren’t supported in Info, but here are the names:
asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel -double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger +asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel +double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
-Next: \value, Previous: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \value, Previous: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\usecounter{counter}
-Next: \setcounter, Previous: \usecounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \setcounter, Previous: \usecounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\value{counter}
-Next: \addtocounter, Previous: \value, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \addtocounter, Previous: \value, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\setcounter{counter}{value}
-Next: \refstepcounter, Previous: \setcounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \refstepcounter, Previous: \setcounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\addtocounter{counter}{value}
-Next: \stepcounter, Previous: \addtocounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \stepcounter, Previous: \addtocounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\refstepcounter{counter}
\ref
value to be the result of \thecounter
.
-Next: \day \month \year, Previous: \refstepcounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \day \month \year, Previous: \refstepcounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\stepcounter{counter}
-Previous: \stepcounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \stepcounter, Up: Counters [Contents][Index]\day \month \year
: Predefined counters-Next: Making paragraphs, Previous: Counters, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Making paragraphs, Previous: Counters, Up: Top [Contents][Index]in
), millimeters (mm
), poin
-Next: \settodepth, Previous: \setlength, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]
+Next: \settodepth, Previous: \setlength, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]-Next: \settoheight, Previous: \addtolength, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]
+Next: \settoheight, Previous: \addtolength, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]\settodepth
text
argument.
-Next: \settowidth, Previous: \settodepth, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]
+Next: \settowidth, Previous: \settodepth, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]\settoheight
text
argument.
-Next: Predefined lengths, Previous: \settoheight, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]
+Next: Predefined lengths, Previous: \settoheight, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]\settowidth{\len}{text}
-Previous: \settowidth, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \settowidth, Up: Lengths [Contents][Index]-Next: Math formulas, Previous: Lengths, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Math formulas, Previous: Lengths, Up: Top [Contents][Index]15pt
for 10pt
documents, 17pt
-Next: \parskip, Previous: \indent, Up: Making paragraphs [Contents][Index]
+Next: \parskip, Previous: \indent, Up: Making paragraphs [Contents][Index]
16.2 \noindent
@@ -5404,7 +5479,7 @@ the middle of a paragraph.
-Next: Marginal notes, Previous: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs [Contents][Index]
+Next: Marginal notes, Previous: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs [Contents][Index]
16.3 \parskip
@@ -5419,7 +5494,7 @@ before each paragraph. The default is 0pt plus1pt
.
-Previous: \parskip, Up: Making paragraphs [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \parskip, Up: Making paragraphs [Contents][Index]
16.4 Marginal notes
@@ -5495,7 +5570,7 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
-Next: Modes, Previous: Making paragraphs, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Modes, Previous: Making paragraphs, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
17 Math formulas
@@ -5601,7 +5676,7 @@ superscript.
-Next: Math functions, Previous: Subscripts & superscripts, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
+Next: Math functions, Previous: Subscripts & superscripts, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
17.2 Math symbols
@@ -6868,7 +6943,7 @@ the pi symbol (\pi) in your output.
-Next: Math accents, Previous: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
+Next: Math accents, Previous: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
17.3 Math functions
@@ -7090,7 +7165,7 @@ spacing.
-Next: Spacing in math mode, Previous: Math functions, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
+Next: Spacing in math mode, Previous: Math functions, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
17.4 Math accents
@@ -7217,7 +7292,7 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text
-Next: Math miscellany, Previous: Math accents, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
+Next: Math miscellany, Previous: Math accents, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
17.5 Spacing in math mode
@@ -7254,7 +7329,7 @@ commands for use in math mode:
-Previous: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
+Previous: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas [Contents][Index]
17.6 Math miscellany
@@ -7358,7 +7433,7 @@ descenders.
-Next: Page styles, Previous: Math formulas, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Page styles, Previous: Math formulas, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
18 Modes
@@ -7410,7 +7485,7 @@ in, is called “outer paragraph mode”.
-Next: Spaces, Previous: Modes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Spaces, Previous: Modes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
19 Page styles
@@ -7495,7 +7570,7 @@ document. Use \\
to force a line break, as usual.
-Next: \pagestyle, Previous: \maketitle, Up: Page styles [Contents][Index]
+Next: \pagestyle, Previous: \maketitle, Up: Page styles [Contents][Index]
19.2 \pagenumbering
@@ -7513,16 +7588,20 @@ Next: \pagestyle, Prev
arabic
arabic numerals
-
+
+
roman
lowercase Roman numerals
-
+
+
Roman
uppercase Roman numerals
-
+
+
alph
lowercase letters
-
+
+
Alph
uppercase letters
@@ -7533,7 +7612,7 @@ Next: \pagestyle, Prev
-Next: \thispagestyle, Previous: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles [Contents][Index]
+Next: \thispagestyle, Previous: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles [Contents][Index]
19.3 \pagestyle
@@ -7580,7 +7659,7 @@ goes in the headers.
Sets both the left and the right heading. A “left-hand heading”
(left) is generated by the last \markboth
command before
-the end of the page, while a “right-hand heading” (right is
+the end of the page, while a “right-hand heading” (right) is
generated by the first \markboth
or \markright
that
comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before
the page.
@@ -7599,7 +7678,7 @@ the page.
-Previous: \pagestyle, Up: Page styles [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \pagestyle, Up: Page styles [Contents][Index]
19.4 \thispagestyle{style}
@@ -7614,7 +7693,7 @@ changes to style for the current page only.
-Next: Boxes, Previous: Page styles, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Boxes, Previous: Page styles, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
20 Spaces
@@ -7688,7 +7767,7 @@ form.
-Next: \SPACE, Previous: \hspace, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \SPACE, Previous: \hspace, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.2 \hfill
@@ -7708,7 +7787,7 @@ equivalent to \hfill
.
-Next: \AT, Previous: \hfill, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \AT, Previous: \hfill, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.3 \SPACE
@@ -7730,7 +7809,7 @@ are equivalent to \
.
-Next: \thinspace, Previous: \SPACE, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \thinspace, Previous: \SPACE, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.4 \@
@@ -7758,7 +7837,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without
-Next: \/, Previous: \AT, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \/, Previous: \AT, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.5 \thinspace
@@ -7773,7 +7852,7 @@ in ’”.
-Next: \hrulefill, Previous: \thinspace, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \hrulefill, Previous: \thinspace, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.6 \/
@@ -7801,7 +7880,7 @@ with pdfTeX.
-Next: \dotfill, Previous: \/, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \dotfill, Previous: \/, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.7 \hrulefill
@@ -7816,7 +7895,7 @@ rule.
-Next: \addvspace, Previous: \hrulefill, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \addvspace, Previous: \hrulefill, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.8 \dotfill
@@ -7831,7 +7910,7 @@ with dots instead of just white space.
-Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Previous: \dotfill, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Previous: \dotfill, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.9 \addvspace
@@ -7852,7 +7931,7 @@ of the total vertical space equal to length
.
-Next: \vfill, Previous: \addvspace, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \vfill, Previous: \addvspace, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.10 \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
@@ -7890,7 +7969,7 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
-Next: \vspace, Previous: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
+Next: \vspace, Previous: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Up: Spaces [Contents][Index]
20.11 \vfill
@@ -7905,7 +7984,7 @@ can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It’s equivalent to
20.12 \vspace[*]{length}
@@ -7929,7 +8008,7 @@ space is not removed.
-Next: Special insertions, Previous: Spaces, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Special insertions, Previous: Spaces, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
21 Boxes
@@ -7981,7 +8060,7 @@ lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
-Next: lrbox, Previous: \mbox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: lrbox, Previous: \mbox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.2 \fbox
and \framebox
@@ -8017,7 +8096,7 @@ argument.
-Next: \makebox, Previous: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \makebox, Previous: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.3 lrbox
@@ -8035,7 +8114,7 @@ must have been declared with \newsavebox
.
-Next: \parbox, Previous: lrbox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \parbox, Previous: lrbox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.4 \makebox
@@ -8077,7 +8156,7 @@ see \makebox (picture).
-Next: \raisebox, Previous: \makebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \raisebox, Previous: \makebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.5 \parbox
@@ -8138,7 +8217,7 @@ for this to work.
-Next: \savebox, Previous: \parbox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \savebox, Previous: \parbox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.6 \raisebox
@@ -8165,7 +8244,7 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth.
-Next: \sbox, Previous: \raisebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \sbox, Previous: \raisebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.7 \savebox
@@ -8187,7 +8266,7 @@ declared with \newsavebox
(see \newsa
-Next: \usebox, Previous: \savebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
+Next: \usebox, Previous: \savebox, Up: Boxes [Contents][Index]
21.8 \sbox{\boxcmd}{text}
@@ -8210,7 +8289,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
21.9 \usebox{\boxcmd
@@ -8222,7 +8301,7 @@ Previous: \sbox, Up: \usebox{\boxcmd}
-\usebox
producesthe box most recently saved in the bin
+
\usebox
produces the box most recently saved in the bin
\boxcmd by a \savebox
command (see \savebox).
@@ -8230,7 +8309,7 @@ Previous: \sbox, Up:
-Next: Splitting the input, Previous: Boxes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Splitting the input, Previous: Boxes, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
22 Special insertions
@@ -8314,7 +8393,7 @@ with "
, so the previous example could also be written as
-Next: Accents, Previous: Reserved characters, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
+Next: Accents, Previous: Reserved characters, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
22.2 Text symbols
@@ -8771,7 +8850,7 @@ has the ascender height.
-Next: Non-English characters, Previous: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
+Next: Non-English characters, Previous: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
22.3 Accents
@@ -8958,7 +9037,7 @@ descenders. See also \underline
in Math
-Next: \rule, Previous: Accents, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \rule, Previous: Accents, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
22.4 Non-English characters
@@ -9068,7 +9147,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
-Next: \today, Previous: Non-English characters, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
+Next: \today, Previous: Non-English characters, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
22.5 \rule
@@ -9102,7 +9181,7 @@ rectangles. The arguments are:
-Previous: \rule, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \rule, Up: Special insertions [Contents][Index]
22.6 \today
@@ -9123,7 +9202,7 @@ of other date formats.
-Next: Front/back matter, Previous: Special insertions, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Front/back matter, Previous: Special insertions, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
23 Splitting the input
@@ -9136,6 +9215,9 @@ several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use,
there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type
when you run LaTeX.
+See filecontents, for an environment that allows bundling an
+external file to be created with the main document.
+
• \include: Conditionally include a file.
@@ -9180,7 +9262,7 @@ read by another \include
command.
-Next: \input, Previous: \include, Up: Splitting the input [Contents][Index]
+Next: \input, Previous: \include, Up: Splitting the input [Contents][Index]
23.2 \includeonly
@@ -9205,7 +9287,7 @@ effective.
-Previous: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input [Contents][Index]
23.3 \input
@@ -9226,12 +9308,11 @@ file at that point.
or ‘foo.bar.tex’). If that is not found, the original file
is tried (‘foo’ or ‘foo.bar’).
-
-Next: Letters, Previous: Splitting the input, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Letters, Previous: Splitting the input, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
24 Front/back matter
@@ -9341,7 +9422,7 @@ command \contentsline{unit}{name}
.
-Previous: \addcontentsline, Up: Tables of contents [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \addcontentsline, Up: Tables of contents [Contents][Index]
24.1.2 \addtocontents
@@ -9368,7 +9449,7 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
-Next: Indexes, Previous: Tables of contents, Up: Front/back matter [Contents][Index]
+Next: Indexes, Previous: Tables of contents, Up: Front/back matter [Contents][Index]
24.2 Glossaries
@@ -9395,7 +9476,7 @@ glossaries.
-Previous: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter [Contents][Index]
+Previous: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter [Contents][Index]
24.3 Indexes
@@ -9462,7 +9543,7 @@ TeX FAQ entry on this topic,
-Next: Terminal input/output, Previous: Front/back matter, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Terminal input/output, Previous: Front/back matter, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
25 Letters
@@ -9562,7 +9643,7 @@ letter will be formatted as a personal letter.
-Next: \closing, Previous: \address, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \closing, Previous: \address, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.2 \cc
@@ -9584,7 +9665,7 @@ printed on a separate line.
-Next: \encl, Previous: \cc, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \encl, Previous: \cc, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.3 \closing
@@ -9609,7 +9690,7 @@ Next: \encl, Previous:
-Next: \location, Previous: \closing, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \location, Previous: \closing, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.4 \encl
@@ -9630,7 +9711,7 @@ Next: \location, Previo
-Next: \makelabels, Previous: \encl, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \makelabels, Previous: \encl, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.5 \location
@@ -9646,7 +9727,7 @@ if the firstpage
pagestyle is selected.
-Next: \name, Previous: \location, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \name, Previous: \location, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.6 \makelabels
@@ -9663,7 +9744,7 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.
-Next: \opening, Previous: \makelabels, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \opening, Previous: \makelabels, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.7 \name
@@ -9679,7 +9760,7 @@ address.
-Next: \ps, Previous: \name, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \ps, Previous: \name, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.8 \opening{text}
@@ -9705,7 +9786,7 @@ For instance:
-Next: \signature, Previous: \opening, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \signature, Previous: \opening, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.9 \ps
@@ -9720,7 +9801,7 @@ Next: \signature, Prev
-Next: \startbreaks, Previous: \ps, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \startbreaks, Previous: \ps, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.10 \signature{text}
@@ -9735,7 +9816,7 @@ space for your signature. \\
starts a new line within
-Next: \stopbreaks, Previous: \signature, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \stopbreaks, Previous: \signature, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.11 \startbreaks
@@ -9751,7 +9832,7 @@ Next: \stopbreaks, Pr
-Next: \telephone, Previous: \startbreaks, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Next: \telephone, Previous: \startbreaks, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.12 \stopbreaks
@@ -9767,7 +9848,7 @@ Next: \telephone, Prev
-Previous: \stopbreaks, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \stopbreaks, Up: Letters [Contents][Index]
25.13 \telephone
@@ -9783,7 +9864,7 @@ Previous: \stopbreaks
-Next: Command line, Previous: Letters, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Command line, Previous: Letters, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
26 Terminal input/output
@@ -9827,7 +9908,7 @@ redefined to be the typed input.
-Previous: \typein, Up: Terminal input/output [Contents][Index]
+Previous: \typein, Up: Terminal input/output [Contents][Index]
26.2 \typeout{msg}
@@ -9855,7 +9936,7 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces. A ^^J
in
-Next: Document templates, Previous: Terminal input/output, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Document templates, Previous: Terminal input/output, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
27 Command line
@@ -9886,7 +9967,7 @@ command; e.g.
-Next: Concept Index, Previous: Command line, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Concept Index, Previous: Command line, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
Appendix A Document templates
@@ -9937,7 +10018,7 @@ The end.
-Next: tugboat template, Previous: book template, Up: Document templates [Contents][Index]
+Next: tugboat template, Previous: book template, Up: Document templates [Contents][Index]
A.2 beamer
template
@@ -9974,7 +10055,7 @@ Next: tugboat template,
-Previous: beamer template, Up: Document templates [Contents][Index]
+Previous: beamer template, Up: Document templates [Contents][Index]
A.3 tugboat
template
@@ -9986,8 +10067,7 @@ Previous: beamer templat
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
-\usepackage[breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
- urlcolor=black]{hyperref}
+\usepackage[breaklinks,hidelinks]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage{url}
\fi
@@ -10060,7 +10140,7 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
-Next: Command Index, Previous: Document templates, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Next: Command Index, Previous: Document templates, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
Concept Index
@@ -10176,6 +10256,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols
black boxes, omitting: Document class options
bold font: Font styles
+bold math: Font styles
bold typewriter, avoiding: description
boxes: Boxes
brace, left, in text: Text symbols
@@ -10296,6 +10377,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
euro symbol: Text symbols
exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols
exponent: Subscripts & superscripts
+external files, creating: filecontents
F
feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols
@@ -10309,7 +10391,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands
font sizes: Font sizes
font styles: Font styles
-fonts: Typefaces
+fonts: Fonts
fonts, new commands for: \newfont
footer style: \pagestyle
footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters
@@ -10355,6 +10437,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
indent, suppressing: \noindent
indentation of paragraphs, in minipage: minipage
indexes: Indexes
+initial command: filecontents
input file: Splitting the input
input/output: Terminal input/output
inserting figures: figure
@@ -10434,6 +10517,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
math mode, entering: Math formulas
math mode, spacing: Spacing in math mode
math symbols: Math symbols
+math, bold: Font styles
minipage, creating a: minipage
modes: Modes
monospace font: Font styles
@@ -10601,7 +10685,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
typed text, simulating: verbatim
typeface sizes: Font sizes
typeface styles: Font styles
-typefaces: Typefaces
+typefaces: Fonts
typewriter font: Font styles
typewriter labels in lists: description
@@ -10627,6 +10711,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
W
wide hat accent, math: Math accents
wide tile accent, math: Math accents
+writing external files: filecontents
X
XeTeX: Overview
@@ -10694,7 +10779,7 @@ Next: Command Index, Previ
-Previous: Concept Index, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
+Previous: Concept Index, Up: Top [Contents][Index]
Command Index
@@ -10958,6 +11043,7 @@ Previous: Concept Index\dj
: Non-English characters
\DJ
: Non-English characters
\documentclass
: Document classes
+\documentclass, commands before
: filecontents
\dot
: Math accents
\doteq
: Math symbols
\dotfill
: \dotfill
@@ -11588,6 +11674,7 @@ Previous: Concept Index
F
figure
: figure
+filecontents
: filecontents
final option
: Document class options
fleqn option
: Document class options
flushleft environment
: flushleft
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf
index c2cbc892a4b..f4049cca11c 100644
Binary files a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf and b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf differ
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
index 8bfe58fe889..bac9e0992a2 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
\input texinfo
-@c $Id: latex2e.texi 270 2013-05-13 17:48:08Z karl $
+@c $Id: latex2e.texi 282 2014-05-19 16:31:57Z karl $
@comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@setfilename latex2e.info
-@set UPDATED May 2013
+@set UPDATED May 2014
@settitle @LaTeX{}2e reference manual (@value{UPDATED})
@comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.)
@c latex 2.09 commands should all be present now,
@c xx but latex2e stuff is missing.
@c
-@c xx mention \topnumber, \bottomnumber, \totalnumber
@c xx mention \nocorr, \textit and ic
@c xx give actual smallskip/etc. defaults
@c
@c xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ (alt-latex-info)
@c xx merge permuted-index
+@c xx merge latex-manual from savannah
@c
@c xx The typeset source2e has an index with all kernel
@c xx commands, though some are internal and shouldn't be included.
@@ -33,15 +33,16 @@ George@tie{}D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The
@LaTeX{}@tie{}2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The
@LaTeX{}2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl
Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges
-using @cite{Hypertext Help with @LaTeX{}}, by Sheldon Green, and the
+using @cite{Hypertext Help with @LaTeX{}}, by Sheldon Green, and
@cite{@LaTeX{} Command Summary} (for @LaTeX{} 2.09) by L.@tie{}Botway
and C.@tie{}Biemesderfer (published by the @TeX{} Users Group as
@cite{@TeX{}niques} number 10), as reference material (no text was
directly copied).
-Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry.@*
-Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.@*
-Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
+Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013,
+2014 Karl Berry.@*
+Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.@*
+Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@@ -73,8 +74,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
@end tex
@titlepage
-@title @LaTeX{}: Structured documents for @TeX{}
-@subtitle unofficial @LaTeX{} reference manual
+@title @LaTeX{}: An unofficial reference manual
@subtitle @value{UPDATED}
@author @url{http://home.gna.org/latexrefman}
@page
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ intended to cover @LaTeX{}2e, which has been the standard version of
* Overview:: What is @LaTeX{}?
* Starting & ending:: The standard beginning and end of a document.
* Document classes:: Some of the various classes available.
-* Typefaces:: And fonts, such as bold, italics etc.
+* Fonts:: Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
* Layout:: Controlling the page layout.
* Sectioning:: How to section properly.
* Cross references:: Automatic referencing.
@@ -448,8 +448,9 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
@code{\usepackage}.
-@node Typefaces
-@chapter Typefaces
+@node Fonts
+@chapter Fonts
+@anchor{Typefaces}@c old name
@cindex typefaces
@cindex fonts
@@ -473,20 +474,21 @@ and a style. The @LaTeX{} commands for doing this are described here.
The following type style commands are supported by @LaTeX{}.
-This first group of commands is typically used like
-@code{\textit@{italic text@}}. The corresponding command in
-parenthesis is the ``declaration form'', which takes no arguments. The
-scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type style command
-or the end of the current group.
+This first group of commands is typically used with an argument, as in
+@code{\textit@{italic text@}}. In the table below, the corresponding
+command in parenthesis is the ``declaration form'', which takes no
+arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
+style command or the end of the current group.
-The declaration forms are cumulative; i.e., you can say either
-@code{\sffamily\bfseries} or @code{\bfseries\sffamily} to get bold
-sans serif.
+These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
+are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either @code{\sffamily\bfseries} or
+@code{\bfseries\sffamily} to get bold sans serif.
You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations; for
instance, @code{\begin@{ttfamily@}...\end@{ttfamily@}}.
-These commands automatically supply an italic correction if the
+These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed.
+
@table @code
@item \textrm (\rmfamily)
@findex \textrm
@@ -574,6 +576,8 @@ For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration.
@end table
@findex \mathversion
+@cindex math, bold
+@cindex bold math
In addition, the command @code{\mathversion@{bold@}} can be used for
switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. @code{\mathversion@{normal@}} restores the default.
@@ -593,11 +597,11 @@ numerals also; sometimes the @code{textcomp} package must be loaded,
and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default.
FAQ entry: @url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf}.
-@LaTeX{} also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to
-the given style, that is, are @emph{not} cumulative. They are used
-differently than the above commands, too: @code{@{\@var{cmd} ...@}}
-instead of @code{\@var{cmd}@{...@}}. These are two very different
-things.
+@LaTeX{} also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
+switch to the given style, that is, are @emph{not} cumulative. Also,
+they are used differently than the above commands: @code{@{\@var{cmd}
+...@}} instead of @code{\@var{cmd}@{...@}}. These are two very
+different things.
@ftable @code
@item \bf
@@ -642,6 +646,14 @@ Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
@end ftable
+Some people consider the unconditional font-switching commands, such
+as @code{\tt}, obsolete and @emph{only} the cumulative commands
+(@code{\texttt}) should be used. I (Karl) do not agree. There are
+perfectly reasonable situations when an unconditional font switch is
+precisely what you need to get the desired output; for one example,
+@pxref{description,,@code{description}}. Both sets of commands have
+their place.
+
@node Font sizes
@section Font sizes
@@ -1170,6 +1182,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
* eqnarray:: Sequences of aligned equations.
* equation:: Displayed equation.
* figure:: Floating figures.
+* filecontents:: Writing multiple files from the source.
* flushleft:: Flushed left lines.
* flushright:: Flushed right lines.
* itemize:: Bulleted lists.
@@ -1658,6 +1671,63 @@ The principal @TeX{} FAQ entry relating to floats:
@url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=floats}.
+@node filecontents
+@section @code{filecontents}: Create external files
+@findex filecontents
+@cindex external files, creating
+@cindex writing external files
+
+Synopsis:
+
+@example
+\begin@{filecontents@}@{@var{filename}@}
+@var{contents-of-file}
+\end@{filecontents@}
+...
+\documentclass@{@var{my-document-class}@}
+@end example
+
+@cindex initial command
+@findex \documentclass, commands before
+The @code{filecontents} environment is an @dfn{initial command},
+meaning that it can be used only before the @code{\documentclass}
+command, as in the synopsis above.
+
+@LaTeX{} will create a file named @var{filename} with the content
+@var{contents-of-file} preceded by a header comment indicating how and
+when the file was generated. If the file already exists then nothing will
+happen.
+
+You can also use the @code{filecontents} package, which has the
+following advantages:
+
+@itemize
+@item
+If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
+
+@item
+You can use the @code{filecontents} environment at any point after the
+declaration @code{\usepackage@{filecontents@}}, not just before
+@code{\documentclass}.
+
+@item
+The @code{filecontents} package also provides a @code{filecontents*}
+environment which is used in the same way as the @code{filecontents}
+environment except that it won't insert any leading comment, so it is
+better suited to create files which aren't in @LaTeX{} format.
+
+@end itemize
+
+The @code{filecontents} environment only creates the file, and is
+unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for
+instance, @code{\input} or @code{\usepackage} or @code{\bibliography}
+or whatever is applicable, to use the created file.
+
+This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document, for
+example, for a bug report, or to keep a @file{.bib} file with the main
+document.
+
+
@node flushleft
@section @code{flushleft}
@findex flushleft @r{environment}
@@ -3696,8 +3766,8 @@ $\ast\ast$ $\dagger\dagger$ $\ddagger\ddagger$
@ifnottex
The symbols mostly aren't supported in Info, but here are the names:
@display
-asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
-double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
+double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
@end display
@end ifnottex
@@ -5177,12 +5247,16 @@ Specifies the style of page numbers, according to @var{style}:
@table @code
@item arabic
arabic numerals
+
@item roman
lowercase Roman numerals
+
@item Roman
uppercase Roman numerals
+
@item alph
lowercase letters
+
@item Alph
uppercase letters
@end table
@@ -5227,7 +5301,7 @@ Here are the descriptions of @code{\markboth} and @code{\markright}:
@item \markboth@{@var{left}@}@{@var{right}@}
Sets both the left and the right heading. A ``left-hand heading''
(@var{left}) is generated by the last @code{\markboth} command before
-the end of the page, while a ``right-hand heading'' (@var{right} is
+the end of the page, while a ``right-hand heading'' (@var{right}) is
generated by the first @code{\markboth} or @code{\markright} that
comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before
the page.
@@ -5700,7 +5774,7 @@ Synopsis:
\usebox@{@var{\boxcmd}@}
@end example
-@code{\usebox} producesthe box most recently saved in the bin
+@code{\usebox} produces the box most recently saved in the bin
@var{\boxcmd} by a @code{\savebox} command (@pxref{\savebox}).
@@ -6353,6 +6427,9 @@ several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use,
there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type
when you run @LaTeX{}.
+@xref{filecontents}, for an environment that allows bundling an
+external file to be created with the main document.
+
@menu
* \include:: Conditionally include a file.
* \includeonly:: Determine which files are included.
@@ -6422,7 +6499,6 @@ If @var{file} does not end in @samp{.tex} (e.g., @samp{foo} or
or @samp{foo.bar.tex}). If that is not found, the original @var{file}
is tried (@samp{foo} or @samp{foo.bar}).
-
@node Front/back matter
@chapter Front/back matter
@@ -6990,8 +7066,7 @@ One web resource for this:
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
-\usepackage[breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
- urlcolor=black]{hyperref}
+\usepackage[breaklinks,hidelinks]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage{url}
\fi
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
index 3050b78b437..2e686220565 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ LaTeX2e
2 Overview of LaTeX
3 Starting & ending
4 Document classes
-5 Typefaces
+5 Fonts
6 Layout
7 Sectioning
8 Cross references
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ LaTeX2e
3 Starting & ending
4 Document classes
4.1 Document class options
-5 Typefaces
+5 Fonts
5.1 Font styles
5.2 Font sizes
5.3 Low-level font commands
@@ -62,49 +62,50 @@ LaTeX2e
9.8 'eqnarray'
9.9 'equation'
9.10 'figure'
- 9.11 'flushleft'
- 9.11.1 '\raggedright'
- 9.12 'flushright'
- 9.12.1 '\raggedleft'
- 9.13 'itemize'
- 9.14 'letter' environment: writing letters
- 9.15 'list'
- 9.16 'math'
- 9.17 'minipage'
- 9.18 'picture'
- 9.18.1 '\circle'
- 9.18.2 '\makebox'
- 9.18.3 '\framebox'
- 9.18.4 '\dashbox'
- 9.18.5 '\frame'
- 9.18.6 '\line'
- 9.18.7 '\linethickness'
- 9.18.8 '\thicklines'
- 9.18.9 '\thinlines'
- 9.18.10 '\multiput'
- 9.18.11 '\oval'
- 9.18.12 '\put'
- 9.18.13 '\shortstack'
- 9.18.14 '\vector'
- 9.19 'quotation'
- 9.20 'quote'
- 9.21 'tabbing'
- 9.22 'table'
- 9.23 'tabular'
- 9.23.1 '\multicolumn'
- 9.23.2 '\cline'
- 9.23.3 '\hline'
- 9.23.4 '\vline'
- 9.24 'thebibliography'
- 9.24.1 '\bibitem'
- 9.24.2 '\cite'
- 9.24.3 '\nocite'
- 9.24.4 Using BibTeX
- 9.25 'theorem'
- 9.26 'titlepage'
- 9.27 'verbatim'
- 9.27.1 '\verb'
- 9.28 'verse'
+ 9.11 'filecontents': Create external files
+ 9.12 'flushleft'
+ 9.12.1 '\raggedright'
+ 9.13 'flushright'
+ 9.13.1 '\raggedleft'
+ 9.14 'itemize'
+ 9.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
+ 9.16 'list'
+ 9.17 'math'
+ 9.18 'minipage'
+ 9.19 'picture'
+ 9.19.1 '\circle'
+ 9.19.2 '\makebox'
+ 9.19.3 '\framebox'
+ 9.19.4 '\dashbox'
+ 9.19.5 '\frame'
+ 9.19.6 '\line'
+ 9.19.7 '\linethickness'
+ 9.19.8 '\thicklines'
+ 9.19.9 '\thinlines'
+ 9.19.10 '\multiput'
+ 9.19.11 '\oval'
+ 9.19.12 '\put'
+ 9.19.13 '\shortstack'
+ 9.19.14 '\vector'
+ 9.20 'quotation'
+ 9.21 'quote'
+ 9.22 'tabbing'
+ 9.23 'table'
+ 9.24 'tabular'
+ 9.24.1 '\multicolumn'
+ 9.24.2 '\cline'
+ 9.24.3 '\hline'
+ 9.24.4 '\vline'
+ 9.25 'thebibliography'
+ 9.25.1 '\bibitem'
+ 9.25.2 '\cite'
+ 9.25.3 '\nocite'
+ 9.25.4 Using BibTeX
+ 9.26 'theorem'
+ 9.27 'titlepage'
+ 9.28 'verbatim'
+ 9.28.1 '\verb'
+ 9.29 'verse'
10 Line breaking
10.1 '\\'[*][MORESPACE]
10.2 '\obeycr' & '\restorecr'
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ LaTeX2e
*******
This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document
-preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is intended to cover
+preparation system, version as of May 2014. It is intended to cover
LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years.
1 About this document
@@ -441,8 +442,8 @@ use multiple '\usepackage' commands.
the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
'\usepackage'.
-5 Typefaces
-***********
+5 Fonts
+*******
Two important aspects of selecting a "font" are specifying a size and a
style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
@@ -452,18 +453,21 @@ style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX.
- This first group of commands is typically used like '\textit{italic
-text}'. The corresponding command in parenthesis is the "declaration
-form", which takes no arguments. The scope of the declaration form
-lasts until the next type style command or the end of the current group.
+ This first group of commands is typically used with an argument, as
+in '\textit{italic text}'. In the table below, the corresponding
+command in parenthesis is the "declaration form", which takes no
+arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
+style command or the end of the current group.
- The declaration forms are cumulative; i.e., you can say either
-'\sffamily\bfseries' or '\bfseries\sffamily' to get bold sans serif.
+ These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
+are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either '\sffamily\bfseries' or
+'\bfseries\sffamily' to get bold sans serif.
You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations;
for instance, '\begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}'.
- These commands automatically supply an italic correction if the
+ These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed.
+
'\textrm (\rmfamily)'
Roman.
@@ -533,9 +537,9 @@ must be loaded, and sometimes package options are provided to make them
the default. FAQ entry:
.
- LaTeX also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to
-the given style, that is, are _not_ cumulative. They are used
-differently than the above commands, too: '{\CMD ...}' instead of
+ LaTeX also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
+switch to the given style, that is, are _not_ cumulative. Also, they
+are used differently than the above commands: '{\CMD ...}' instead of
'\CMD{...}'. These are two very different things.
'\bf'
@@ -565,6 +569,13 @@ differently than the above commands, too: '{\CMD ...}' instead of
'\tt'
Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
+ Some people consider the unconditional font-switching commands, such
+as '\tt', obsolete and _only_ the cumulative commands ('\texttt') should
+be used. I (Karl) do not agree. There are perfectly reasonable
+situations when an unconditional font switch is precisely what you need
+to get the desired output; for one example, *note 'description':
+description. Both sets of commands have their place.
+
5.2 Font sizes
==============
@@ -1261,7 +1272,50 @@ non-float text:
The principal TeX FAQ entry relating to floats:
.
-9.11 'flushleft'
+9.11 'filecontents': Create external files
+==========================================
+
+Synopsis:
+
+ \begin{filecontents}{FILENAME}
+ CONTENTS-OF-FILE
+ \end{filecontents}
+ ...
+ \documentclass{MY-DOCUMENT-CLASS}
+
+ The 'filecontents' environment is an "initial command", meaning that
+it can be used only before the '\documentclass' command, as in the
+synopsis above.
+
+ LaTeX will create a file named FILENAME with the content
+CONTENTS-OF-FILE preceded by a header comment indicating how and when
+the file was generated. If the file already exists then nothing will
+happen.
+
+ You can also use the 'filecontents' package, which has the following
+advantages:
+
+ * If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
+
+ * You can use the 'filecontents' environment at any point after the
+ declaration '\usepackage{filecontents}', not just before
+ '\documentclass'.
+
+ * The 'filecontents' package also provides a 'filecontents*'
+ environment which is used in the same way as the 'filecontents'
+ environment except that it won't insert any leading comment, so it
+ is better suited to create files which aren't in LaTeX format.
+
+ The 'filecontents' environment only creates the file, and is
+unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for instance,
+'\input' or '\usepackage' or '\bibliography' or whatever is applicable,
+to use the created file.
+
+ This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document,
+for example, for a bug report, or to keep a '.bib' file with the main
+document.
+
+9.12 'flushleft'
================
\begin{flushleft}
@@ -1274,7 +1328,7 @@ non-float text:
consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged
right Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.
-9.11.1 '\raggedright'
+9.12.1 '\raggedright'
---------------------
The '\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the 'flushleft'
@@ -1287,7 +1341,7 @@ units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command that ends the
paragraph unit.
-9.12 'flushright'
+9.13 'flushright'
=================
\begin{flushright}
@@ -1300,7 +1354,7 @@ paragraph unit.
consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged
left. Each line must be terminated with the string '\\'.
-9.12.1 '\raggedleft'
+9.13.1 '\raggedleft'
--------------------
The '\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the 'flushright'
@@ -1313,7 +1367,7 @@ units. To affect a paragraph unit's format, the scope of the
declaration must contain the blank line or '\end' command that ends the
paragraph unit.
-9.13 'itemize'
+9.14 'itemize'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1415,12 +1469,12 @@ within a single item ('\parskip' is not list-specific, *note
\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%
{\end{itemize}}
-9.14 'letter' environment: writing letters
+9.15 'letter' environment: writing letters
==========================================
This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::.
-9.15 'list'
+9.16 'list'
===========
The 'list' environment is a generic environment which is used for
@@ -1445,7 +1499,7 @@ empty, i.e., '{}', which leaves the default spacing.
The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by
'\linewidth' (*note Page layout parameters::).
-9.16 'math'
+9.17 'math'
===========
Synopsis:
@@ -1457,7 +1511,7 @@ Synopsis:
The 'math' environment inserts the given MATH within the running
text. '\(...\))' and '$...$' are synonyms. *Note Math formulas::.
-9.17 'minipage'
+9.18 'minipage'
===============
\begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH}
@@ -1485,7 +1539,7 @@ Counters::).
However, don't put one minipage inside another if you are using
footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
-9.18 'picture'
+9.19 'picture'
==============
\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
@@ -1555,7 +1609,7 @@ corner of the box.
The 'picture' commands are described in the following sections.
-9.18.1 '\circle'
+9.19.1 '\circle'
----------------
\circle[*]{DIAMETER}
@@ -1566,7 +1620,7 @@ solid circle.
Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.
-9.18.2 '\makebox'
+9.19.2 '\makebox'
-----------------
'\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}'
@@ -1592,7 +1646,7 @@ text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
*Note \makebox::.
-9.18.3 '\framebox'
+9.19.3 '\framebox'
------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1606,7 +1660,7 @@ creates.
The '\framebox' command produces a rule of thickness '\fboxrule', and
leaves a space '\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box.
-9.18.4 '\dashbox'
+9.19.4 '\dashbox'
-----------------
Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis:
@@ -1621,7 +1675,7 @@ POS.
A dashed box looks best when the 'rwidth' and 'rheight' are multiples
of the 'dlen'.
-9.18.5 '\frame'
+9.19.5 '\frame'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1632,7 +1686,7 @@ Synopsis:
reference point is the bottom left corner of the frame. No extra space
is put between the frame and the object.
-9.18.6 '\line'
+9.19.6 '\line'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1647,7 +1701,7 @@ have integer values from -6 through 6. For lines of any slope, not to
mention other shapes, see the 'curve2e' and many many other packages on
CTAN.
-9.18.7 '\linethickness'
+9.19.7 '\linethickness'
-----------------------
The '\linethickness{DIM}' command declares the thickness of horizontal
@@ -1657,21 +1711,21 @@ positive length.
'\linethickness' does not affect the thickness of slanted lines,
circles, or the quarter circles drawn by '\oval'.
-9.18.8 '\thicklines'
+9.19.8 '\thicklines'
--------------------
The '\thicklines' command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal
and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness::
and *note \thinlines::.
-9.18.9 '\thinlines'
+9.19.9 '\thinlines'
-------------------
The '\thinlines' command is the default line thickness for horizontal
and vertical lines in a picture environment; cf. *note \linethickness::
and *note \thicklines::.
-9.18.10 '\multiput'
+9.19.10 '\multiput'
-------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1681,7 +1735,7 @@ Synopsis:
across a picture. OBJ is first placed at position (x,y), then at
(x+\delta x,y+\delta y), and so on, N times.
-9.18.11 '\oval'
+9.19.11 '\oval'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1705,7 +1759,7 @@ following:
maximum radius of 20pt, so large "ovals" will look more like boxes with
rounded corners.
-9.18.12 '\put'
+9.19.12 '\put'
--------------
'\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }'
@@ -1713,7 +1767,7 @@ rounded corners.
The '\put' command places the item specified by the mandatory
argument at the given coordinates.
-9.18.13 '\shortstack'
+9.19.13 '\shortstack'
---------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1732,7 +1786,7 @@ positions are:
Objects are separated with '\\'.
-9.18.14 '\vector'
+9.19.14 '\vector'
-----------------
Synopsis:
@@ -1743,7 +1797,7 @@ Synopsis:
length and slope. The x and y values must lie between -4 and +4,
inclusive.
-9.19 'quotation'
+9.20 'quotation'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -1758,7 +1812,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.
Unlike the 'quote' environment, each paragraph is indented normally.
-9.20 'quote'
+9.21 'quote'
============
Snyopsis:
@@ -1773,7 +1827,7 @@ line between text produces a new paragraph.
Unlike the 'quotation' environment, paragraphs are not indented.
-9.21 'tabbing'
+9.22 'tabbing'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -1864,7 +1918,7 @@ environment.
end;\\
\end{tabbing}
-9.22 'table'
+9.23 'table'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -1891,7 +1945,7 @@ and described there (*note figure::).
The body of the table is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands,
etc., you wish. The '\caption' command allows you to title your table.
-9.23 'tabular'
+9.24 'tabular'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -2005,7 +2059,7 @@ rule below the table) follows.
The following commands can be used inside a 'tabular' environment:
-9.23.1 '\multicolumn'
+9.24.1 '\multicolumn'
---------------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2027,7 +2081,7 @@ third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry.
0x10000&0x1FFFF \cr
\end{tabular}
-9.23.2 '\cline'
+9.24.2 '\cline'
---------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2038,21 +2092,21 @@ Synopsis:
specified, beginning in column I and ending in column J, which are
specified in the mandatory argument.
-9.23.3 '\hline'
+9.24.3 '\hline'
---------------
The '\hline' command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing
'tabular' or 'array' environment. It's most commonly used to draw a
line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.
-9.23.4 '\vline'
+9.24.4 '\vline'
---------------
The '\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height
and depth of its row. An '\hfill' command can be used to move the line
to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression.
-9.24 'thebibliography'
+9.25 'thebibliography'
======================
Synopsis:
@@ -2077,7 +2131,7 @@ wide as the widest item label produced by the '\bibitem' commands. It
is typically given as '9' for bibliographies with less than 10
references, '99' for ones with less than 100, etc.
-9.24.1 '\bibitem'
+9.25.1 '\bibitem'
-----------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2094,7 +2148,7 @@ CITE_KEY and label. When the '.aux' file is read by the
'cite_key', causing references to CITE_KEY with a '\cite' command (see
next section) to produce the associated label.
-9.24.2 '\cite'
+9.25.2 '\cite'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2108,7 +2162,7 @@ associated with KEYS by entries in the '.aux' file.
The text of the optional SUBCITE argument appears after the citation.
For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
-9.24.3 '\nocite'
+9.25.3 '\nocite'
----------------
'\nocite{key_list}'
@@ -2116,7 +2170,7 @@ For example, '\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce '[Knuth, p. 314]'.
The '\nocite' command produces no text, but writes 'key_list', which
is a list of one or more citation keys, on the '.aux' file.
-9.24.4 Using BibTeX
+9.25.4 Using BibTeX
-------------------
If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if
@@ -2153,7 +2207,7 @@ bibliography. The argument to '\bibliography' refers to files named
Only the entries referred to via '\cite' and '\nocite' will be listed in
the bibliography.
-9.25 'theorem'
+9.26 'theorem'
==============
Synopsis:
@@ -2166,7 +2220,7 @@ Synopsis:
by THEOREM-TEXT, where the numbering possibilities for N are described
under '\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).
-9.26 'titlepage'
+9.27 'titlepage'
================
Synopsis:
@@ -2183,7 +2237,7 @@ be numbered page one. Formatting the title page is left to you. The
You can use the '\maketitle' command (*note \maketitle::) to produce
a standard title page without a 'titlepage' environment.
-9.27 'verbatim'
+9.28 'verbatim'
===============
Synopsis:
@@ -2200,7 +2254,7 @@ typewriter.
The 'verbatim' uses a monospaced typewriter-like font ('\tt').
-9.27.1 '\verb'
+9.28.1 '\verb'
--------------
Synopsis:
@@ -2217,7 +2271,7 @@ in LITERAL-TEXT.
The '*'-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a "visible
space" character.
-9.28 'verse'
+9.29 'verse'
============
Synopsis:
@@ -2701,8 +2755,8 @@ instance, '\alph{enumi}'.
The symbols mostly aren't supported in Info, but here are the
names:
- asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
- double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+ asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
+ double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
14.2 '\usecounter{COUNTER}'
===========================
@@ -3896,12 +3950,16 @@ Synopsis:
'arabic'
arabic numerals
+
'roman'
lowercase Roman numerals
+
'Roman'
uppercase Roman numerals
+
'alph'
lowercase letters
+
'Alph'
uppercase letters
@@ -3934,7 +3992,7 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:
'\markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}'
Sets both the left and the right heading. A "left-hand heading"
(LEFT) is generated by the last '\markboth' command before the end
- of the page, while a "right-hand heading" (RIGHT is generated by
+ of the page, while a "right-hand heading" (RIGHT) is generated by
the first '\markboth' or '\markright' that comes on the page if
there is one, otherwise by the last one before the page.
@@ -4253,8 +4311,8 @@ Synopsis:
\usebox{\BOXCMD}
- '\usebox' producesthe box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by a
-'\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).
+ '\usebox' produces the box most recently saved in the bin \BOXCMD by
+a '\savebox' command (*note \savebox::).
22 Special insertions
*********************
@@ -4650,6 +4708,9 @@ several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use,
there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type
when you run LaTeX.
+ *Note filecontents::, for an environment that allows bundling an
+external file to be created with the main document.
+
23.1 '\include'
===============
@@ -5083,8 +5144,7 @@ A.3 'tugboat' template
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
-\usepackage[breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
- urlcolor=black]{hyperref}
+\usepackage[breaklinks,hidelinks]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage{url}
\fi
@@ -5157,1502 +5217,1509 @@ Concept Index
* Menu:
-* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 5018)
+* '*' prompt: Command line. (line 5079)
* *-form of defining new commands: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2496)
+ (line 2550)
* *-form of environment commands: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2573)
-* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 832)
-* '.glo' file: Glossaries. (line 4775)
-* '.idx' file: Indexes. (line 4791)
-* '.ind' file: Indexes. (line 4805)
-* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 4798)
-* abstracts: abstract. (line 929)
-* accents: Accents. (line 4476)
-* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 3706)
+ (line 2627)
+* *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 843)
+* '.glo' file: Glossaries. (line 4836)
+* '.idx' file: Indexes. (line 4852)
+* '.ind' file: Indexes. (line 4866)
+* 'see' and 'see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 4859)
+* abstracts: abstract. (line 940)
+* accents: Accents. (line 4534)
+* accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 3760)
* accessing any character of a font: Reserved characters.
- (line 4290)
-* acute accent: Accents. (line 4490)
-* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 3711)
+ (line 4348)
+* acute accent: Accents. (line 4548)
+* acute accent, math: Math accents. (line 3765)
* ae ligature: Non-English characters.
- (line 4579)
-* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 1109)
-* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 1109)
-* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 1780)
-* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray. (line 1109)
-* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 838)
+ (line 4637)
+* align environment, from 'amsmath': eqnarray. (line 1120)
+* aligning equations: eqnarray. (line 1120)
+* alignment via tabbing: tabbing. (line 1834)
+* amsmath package, replacing 'eqnarray': eqnarray. (line 1120)
+* appendix, creating: Sectioning. (line 849)
* aring: Non-English characters.
- (line 4575)
-* arrays, math: array. (line 940)
-* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4424)
-* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4456)
-* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 4392)
-* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 4357)
-* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 4360)
-* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4363)
-* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3874)
-* auxiliary file: Overview. (line 319)
-* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 4366)
-* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372)
-* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4369)
-* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 4499)
-* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3714)
-* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 4516)
-* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 282)
-* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 2123)
-* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 2059)
-* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 2123)
-* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 4375)
+ (line 4633)
+* arrays, math: array. (line 951)
+* arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4482)
+* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4514)
+* ascender height: Text symbols. (line 4450)
+* ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 4415)
+* ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 4418)
+* asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 4421)
+* author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3928)
+* auxiliary file: Overview. (line 320)
+* backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 4424)
+* bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4430)
+* bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 4427)
+* bar-over accent: Accents. (line 4557)
+* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3768)
+* bar-under accent: Accents. (line 4574)
+* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 283)
+* bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
+* bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 2113)
+* bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
+* big circle symbols, in text: Text symbols. (line 4433)
* black boxes, omitting: Document class options.
- (line 392)
-* bold font: Font styles. (line 543)
-* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 1034)
-* boxes: Boxes. (line 4105)
-* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4378)
-* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4381)
-* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 2243)
-* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 2344)
-* breve accent: Accents. (line 4555)
-* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 3717)
+ (line 393)
+* bold font: Font styles. (line 547)
+* bold math: Font styles. (line 527)
+* bold typewriter, avoiding: description. (line 1045)
+* boxes: Boxes. (line 4163)
+* brace, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 4436)
+* brace, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 4439)
+* breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 2297)
+* breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 2398)
+* breve accent: Accents. (line 4613)
+* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 3771)
* bug reporting: About this document.
- (line 252)
-* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 3043)
-* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 4384)
-* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 1320)
-* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 546)
-* cap height: Text symbols. (line 4392)
-* caron accent: Accents. (line 4565)
-* case sensitivity of LaTeX: Overview. (line 331)
-* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 4877)
-* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 4520)
-* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 4363)
-* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 4431)
-* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 999)
-* centering text, environment for: center. (line 985)
-* characters, accented: Accents. (line 4476)
+ (line 253)
+* bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 3097)
+* bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 4442)
+* bulleted lists: itemize. (line 1374)
+* calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 550)
+* cap height: Text symbols. (line 4450)
+* caron accent: Accents. (line 4623)
+* case sensitivity of LaTeX: Overview. (line 332)
+* cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 4938)
+* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 4578)
+* centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 4421)
+* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 4489)
+* centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 1010)
+* centering text, environment for: center. (line 996)
+* characters, accented: Accents. (line 4534)
* characters, non-English: Non-English characters.
- (line 4570)
+ (line 4628)
* characters, reserved: Reserved characters.
- (line 4271)
-* check accent: Accents. (line 4565)
-* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 3720)
-* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 4375)
-* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 4387)
-* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 4503)
-* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 3732)
-* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4357)
+ (line 4329)
+* check accent: Accents. (line 4623)
+* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 3774)
+* circle symbol, big, in text: Text symbols. (line 4433)
+* circled letter, in text: Text symbols. (line 4445)
+* circumflex accent: Accents. (line 4561)
+* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 3786)
+* circumflex, ASCII, in text: Text symbols. (line 4415)
* class options: Document class options.
- (line 371)
-* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 354)
-* closing letters: \closing. (line 4887)
-* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 4348)
-* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2190)
-* command line: Command line. (line 5009)
+ (line 372)
+* classes of documents: Document classes. (line 355)
+* closing letters: \closing. (line 4948)
+* closing quote: Text symbols. (line 4406)
+* code, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2244)
+* command line: Command line. (line 5070)
* commands, defining new ones: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2489)
-* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 4392)
-* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2190)
-* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 4308)
-* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 2666)
-* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 2525)
-* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 2724)
-* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 2738)
-* creating letters: Letters. (line 4828)
-* creating pictures: picture. (line 1492)
-* creating tables: table. (line 1871)
-* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 3884)
-* cross references: Cross references. (line 859)
-* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 897)
-* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 907)
-* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 4403)
-* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 4412)
-* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4400)
-* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4311)
-* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4397)
-* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3880)
-* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 4644)
+ (line 2543)
+* composite word mark, in text: Text symbols. (line 4450)
+* computer programs, typesetting: verbatim. (line 2244)
+* copyright symbol: Text symbols. (line 4366)
+* counters, a list of: Counters. (line 2720)
+* counters, defining new: \newcounter. (line 2579)
+* counters, getting value of: \value. (line 2778)
+* counters, setting: \setcounter. (line 2792)
+* creating letters: Letters. (line 4889)
+* creating pictures: picture. (line 1546)
+* creating tables: table. (line 1925)
+* credit footnote: \maketitle. (line 3938)
+* cross references: Cross references. (line 870)
+* cross referencing with page number: \pageref. (line 908)
+* cross referencing, symbolic: \ref. (line 918)
+* currency, dollar: Text symbols. (line 4461)
+* currency, euro: Text symbols. (line 4470)
+* dagger, double, in text: Text symbols. (line 4458)
+* dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4369)
+* dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4455)
+* date, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 3934)
+* 'datetime' package: \today. (line 4702)
* defining a new command: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2489)
+ (line 2543)
* defining new environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2564)
-* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 2631)
-* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 2603)
-* definitions: Definitions. (line 2484)
-* description lists, creating: description. (line 1022)
-* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 4486)
-* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 3777)
+ (line 2618)
+* defining new fonts: \newfont. (line 2685)
+* defining new theorems: \newtheorem. (line 2657)
+* definitions: Definitions. (line 2538)
+* description lists, creating: description. (line 1033)
+* dieresis accent: Accents. (line 4544)
+* discretionary multiplication: Math miscellany. (line 3831)
* displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation: quotation.
- (line 1750)
+ (line 1804)
* displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation: quote.
- (line 1765)
+ (line 1819)
* document class options: Document class options.
- (line 371)
-* document classes: Document classes. (line 354)
-* document templates: Document templates. (line 5025)
-* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 4403)
-* dot accent: Accents. (line 4495)
-* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3726)
-* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 4495)
-* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 4524)
-* dotless i: Accents. (line 4532)
-* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 3735)
-* dotless j: Accents. (line 4535)
-* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 3738)
-* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323)
-* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4314)
-* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4400)
-* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3723)
-* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4323)
-* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 4437)
-* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4345)
-* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4450)
-* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 4440)
+ (line 372)
+* document classes: Document classes. (line 355)
+* document templates: Document templates. (line 5086)
+* dollar sign: Text symbols. (line 4461)
+* dot accent: Accents. (line 4553)
+* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 3780)
+* dot-over accent: Accents. (line 4553)
+* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 4582)
+* dotless i: Accents. (line 4590)
+* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 3789)
+* dotless j: Accents. (line 4593)
+* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 3792)
+* double angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
+* double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372)
+* double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 4458)
+* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 3777)
+* double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 4381)
+* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 4495)
+* double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 4403)
+* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 4508)
+* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 4498)
* double spacing: Low-level font commands.
- (line 644)
-* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4372)
-* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 4409)
-* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4329)
-* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4406)
-* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 4459)
-* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 4465)
-* emphasis: Font styles. (line 475)
-* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 549)
-* enclosure list: \encl. (line 4897)
-* ending & starting: Starting & ending. (line 337)
-* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 2371)
-* environments: Environments. (line 919)
+ (line 655)
+* double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 4430)
+* e-dash: Text symbols. (line 4467)
+* ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4387)
+* em-dash: Text symbols. (line 4464)
+* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 4517)
+* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 4523)
+* emphasis: Font styles. (line 479)
+* emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 553)
+* enclosure list: \encl. (line 4958)
+* ending & starting: Starting & ending. (line 338)
+* enlarge current page: \enlargethispage. (line 2425)
+* environments: Environments. (line 930)
* environments, defining: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2564)
-* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907)
-* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 1132)
-* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 1109)
-* equations, environment for: equation. (line 1144)
+ (line 2618)
+* equation number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
+* equation numbers, omitting: eqnarray. (line 1143)
+* equations, aligning: eqnarray. (line 1120)
+* equations, environment for: equation. (line 1155)
* es-zet German letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 4611)
+ (line 4669)
* eth, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters.
- (line 4583)
-* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 4412)
-* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4415)
+ (line 4641)
+* euro symbol: Text symbols. (line 4470)
+* exclamation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 4473)
* exponent: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 2953)
-* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4428)
-* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907)
-* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 1479)
-* figures, inserting: figure. (line 1157)
-* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 567)
-* 'float' package: figure. (line 1185)
-* 'float' package <1>: figure. (line 1189)
-* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 2359)
+ (line 3007)
+* external files, creating: filecontents. (line 1279)
+* feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 4486)
+* figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
+* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 1533)
+* figures, inserting: figure. (line 1168)
+* fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 571)
+* 'float' package: figure. (line 1196)
+* 'float' package <1>: figure. (line 1200)
+* flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 2413)
* font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands.
- (line 598)
-* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 572)
-* font styles: Font styles. (line 454)
-* fonts: Typefaces. (line 448)
-* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 2631)
-* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 3914)
+ (line 609)
+* font sizes: Font sizes. (line 583)
+* font styles: Font styles. (line 455)
+* fonts: Fonts. (line 449)
+* fonts, new commands for: \newfont. (line 2685)
+* footer style: \pagestyle. (line 3972)
* footer, parameters for: Page layout parameters.
- (line 738)
-* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 907)
+ (line 749)
+* footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 918)
* footnote parameters: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2468)
-* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 1479)
-* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 2404)
+ (line 2522)
+* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 1533)
+* footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 2458)
* footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered: Symbolic footnotes.
- (line 2455)
-* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 1144)
-* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 2917)
-* fragile commands: \protect. (line 2645)
-* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4323)
-* functions, math: Math functions. (line 3598)
+ (line 2509)
+* formulas, environment for: equation. (line 1155)
+* formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 2971)
+* fragile commands: \protect. (line 2699)
+* French quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 4381)
+* functions, math: Math functions. (line 3652)
* global options: Document class options.
- (line 371)
+ (line 372)
* global options <1>: Document class options.
- (line 441)
-* glossaries: Glossaries. (line 4773)
-* grave accent: Accents. (line 4507)
-* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 3729)
-* greater than symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 4418)
-* greek letters: Math symbols. (line 2962)
-* ha'c: tabbing. (line 1805)
+ (line 3818)
+* \<: tabbing. (line 1861)
+* \= (macron accent): Accents. (line 4557)
+* \= (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1855)
+* \>: tabbing. (line 1859)
* \> <1>: Spacing in math mode.
- (line 3767)
-* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1804)
-* \@: \AT. (line 4002)
-* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2460)
-* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1834)
-* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1835)
-* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1835)
+ (line 3821)
+* \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1858)
+* \@: \AT. (line 4060)
+* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2514)
+* \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1888)
+* \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1889)
+* \a= (macron accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1889)
* \aa (aa): Non-English characters.
- (line 4575)
+ (line 4633)
* \AA (AA): Non-English characters.
- (line 4575)
-* \acute: Math accents. (line 3710)
-* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: \addcontentsline. (line 4729)
-* \address: \address. (line 4864)
-* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 4758)
-* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 2748)
-* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 2791)
-* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 4054)
+ (line 4633)
+* \acute: Math accents. (line 3764)
+* \addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: \addcontentsline. (line 4790)
+* \address: \address. (line 4925)
+* \addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: \addtocontents. (line 4819)
+* \addtocounter: \addtocounter. (line 2802)
+* \addtolength: \addtolength. (line 2845)
+* \addvspace: \addvspace. (line 4112)
* \ae (ae): Non-English characters.
- (line 4579)
+ (line 4637)
* \AE (AE): Non-English characters.
- (line 4579)
-* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 2970)
+ (line 4637)
+* \aleph: Math symbols. (line 3024)
* \alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2684)
+ (line 2738)
* \Alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2687)
-* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 1104)
-* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 2973)
-* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 4802)
-* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 2976)
-* \and for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3874)
-* \angle: Math symbols. (line 2979)
-* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 838)
-* \approx: Math symbols. (line 2982)
+ (line 2741)
+* \Alph example: enumerate. (line 1115)
+* \alpha: Math symbols. (line 3027)
+* \alsoname: Indexes. (line 4863)
+* \amalg: Math symbols. (line 3030)
+* \and for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3928)
+* \angle: Math symbols. (line 3033)
+* \appendix: Sectioning. (line 849)
+* \approx: Math symbols. (line 3036)
* \arabic: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2690)
-* \arccos: Math functions. (line 3601)
-* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 3604)
-* \arctan: Math functions. (line 3607)
-* \arg: Math functions. (line 3610)
-* \arraycolsep: array. (line 975)
-* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 1992)
-* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 1996)
-* \ast: Math symbols. (line 2985)
-* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 2988)
-* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 3873)
-* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1835)
-* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 4516)
-* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 2991)
+ (line 2744)
+* \arccos: Math functions. (line 3655)
+* \arcsin: Math functions. (line 3658)
+* \arctan: Math functions. (line 3661)
+* \arg: Math functions. (line 3664)
+* \arraycolsep: array. (line 986)
+* \arrayrulewidth: tabular. (line 2046)
+* \arraystretch: tabular. (line 2050)
+* \ast: Math symbols. (line 3039)
+* \asymp: Math symbols. (line 3042)
+* \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 3927)
+* \a` (grave accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 1889)
+* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 4574)
+* \backslash: Math symbols. (line 3045)
* \backslash <1>: Reserved characters.
- (line 4281)
-* \bar: Math accents. (line 3713)
+ (line 4339)
+* \bar: Math accents. (line 3767)
* \baselineskip: Low-level font commands.
- (line 638)
+ (line 649)
* \baselinestretch: Low-level font commands.
- (line 644)
-* \begin: Environments. (line 919)
-* \beta: Math symbols. (line 2994)
-* \bf: Font styles. (line 542)
-* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 481)
-* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 2084)
-* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 2123)
-* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 2123)
-* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 2997)
-* \bigcap <1>: Math symbols. (line 3027)
-* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 3000)
-* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 3003)
-* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 3006)
-* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 3009)
-* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 3012)
+ (line 655)
+* \begin: Environments. (line 930)
+* \beta: Math symbols. (line 3048)
+* \bf: Font styles. (line 546)
+* \bfseries: Font styles. (line 485)
+* \bibitem: \bibitem. (line 2138)
+* \bibliography: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
+* \bibliographystyle: Using BibTeX. (line 2177)
+* \bigcap: Math symbols. (line 3051)
+* \bigcap <1>: Math symbols. (line 3081)
+* \bigcirc: Math symbols. (line 3054)
+* \bigcup: Math symbols. (line 3057)
+* \bigodot: Math symbols. (line 3060)
+* \bigoplus: Math symbols. (line 3063)
+* \bigotimes: Math symbols. (line 3066)
* \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4068)
+ (line 4126)
* \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4068)
-* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 3021)
-* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 3015)
-* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 3018)
-* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 3024)
-* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 3030)
-* \bmod: Math functions. (line 3613)
-* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 2940)
-* \bot: Math symbols. (line 3033)
-* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 1218)
-* \bottomnumber: figure. (line 1251)
-* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 3036)
-* \Box: Math symbols. (line 3039)
-* \breve: Math accents. (line 3716)
-* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 3042)
-* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 4520)
-* \cal: Font styles. (line 545)
-* \cap: Math symbols. (line 3045)
-* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 4490)
-* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 4555)
-* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 4565)
-* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 4520)
-* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 4503)
-* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 4486)
-* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 4524)
-* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 4507)
-* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 4528)
-* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 4499)
-* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 4550)
-* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 4539)
-* \capitalring: Accents. (line 4544)
-* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 4550)
-* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 4513)
-* \caption: figure. (line 1211)
-* \cc: \cc. (line 4877)
-* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 3048)
-* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 3780)
-* \centering: \centering. (line 999)
-* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 810)
-* \check: Math accents. (line 3719)
-* \chi: Math symbols. (line 3051)
-* \circ: Math symbols. (line 3054)
-* \circle: \circle. (line 1562)
-* \cite: \cite. (line 2101)
-* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 2351)
-* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 2359)
-* \cline: \cline. (line 2034)
-* \closing: \closing. (line 4887)
-* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 3057)
-* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 689)
-* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 692)
-* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 696)
-* \cong: Math symbols. (line 3060)
-* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 4752)
-* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 3063)
-* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 4306)
-* \cos: Math functions. (line 3616)
-* \cosh: Math functions. (line 3619)
-* \cot: Math functions. (line 3622)
-* \coth: Math functions. (line 3625)
-* \csc: Math functions. (line 3628)
-* \cup: Math symbols. (line 3066)
-* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 4524)
-* \dag: Text symbols. (line 4310)
-* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 3069)
-* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 1613)
-* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 3072)
-* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3879)
-* \day: \day \month \year. (line 2767)
-* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 707)
-* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 711)
-* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 716)
-* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 702)
-* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 4313)
-* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 3075)
-* \ddot: Math accents. (line 3722)
-* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 3784)
-* \deg: Math functions. (line 3631)
-* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 3078)
-* \delta: Math symbols. (line 3081)
-* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 2823)
-* \det: Math functions. (line 3634)
+ (line 4126)
+* \bigsqcup: Math symbols. (line 3075)
+* \bigtriangledown: Math symbols. (line 3069)
+* \bigtriangleup: Math symbols. (line 3072)
+* \biguplus: Math symbols. (line 3078)
+* \bigwedge: Math symbols. (line 3084)
+* \bmod: Math functions. (line 3667)
+* \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 2994)
+* \bot: Math symbols. (line 3087)
+* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 1229)
+* \bottomnumber: figure. (line 1262)
+* \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 3090)
+* \Box: Math symbols. (line 3093)
+* \breve: Math accents. (line 3770)
+* \bullet: Math symbols. (line 3096)
+* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 4578)
+* \cal: Font styles. (line 549)
+* \cap: Math symbols. (line 3099)
+* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 4548)
+* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 4613)
+* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 4623)
+* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 4578)
+* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 4561)
+* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 4544)
+* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 4582)
+* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 4565)
+* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 4586)
+* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 4557)
+* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 4608)
+* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 4597)
+* \capitalring: Accents. (line 4602)
+* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 4608)
+* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 4571)
+* \caption: figure. (line 1222)
+* \cc: \cc. (line 4938)
+* \cdot: Math symbols. (line 3102)
+* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 3834)
+* \centering: \centering. (line 1010)
+* \chapter: Sectioning. (line 821)
+* \check: Math accents. (line 3773)
+* \chi: Math symbols. (line 3105)
+* \circ: Math symbols. (line 3108)
+* \circle: \circle. (line 1616)
+* \cite: \cite. (line 2155)
+* \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage. (line 2405)
+* \clearpage: \clearpage. (line 2413)
+* \cline: \cline. (line 2088)
+* \closing: \closing. (line 4948)
+* \clubsuit: Math symbols. (line 3111)
+* \columnsep: \twocolumn. (line 700)
+* \columnseprule: \twocolumn. (line 703)
+* \columnwidth: \twocolumn. (line 707)
+* \cong: Math symbols. (line 3114)
+* \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 4813)
+* \coprod: Math symbols. (line 3117)
+* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 4364)
+* \cos: Math functions. (line 3670)
+* \cosh: Math functions. (line 3673)
+* \cot: Math functions. (line 3676)
+* \coth: Math functions. (line 3679)
+* \csc: Math functions. (line 3682)
+* \cup: Math symbols. (line 3120)
+* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 4582)
+* \dag: Text symbols. (line 4368)
+* \dagger: Math symbols. (line 3123)
+* \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 1667)
+* \dashv: Math symbols. (line 3126)
+* \date{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3933)
+* \day: \day \month \year. (line 2821)
+* \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn. (line 718)
+* \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 722)
+* \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 727)
+* \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 713)
+* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 4371)
+* \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 3129)
+* \ddot: Math accents. (line 3776)
+* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 3838)
+* \deg: Math functions. (line 3685)
+* \Delta: Math symbols. (line 3132)
+* \delta: Math symbols. (line 3135)
+* \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 2877)
+* \det: Math functions. (line 3688)
* \dh (ae): Non-English characters.
- (line 4583)
+ (line 4641)
* \DH (AE): Non-English characters.
- (line 4583)
-* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 3084)
-* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 3087)
-* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 3090)
-* \dim: Math functions. (line 3637)
-* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 2945)
-* \div: Math symbols. (line 3093)
+ (line 4641)
+* \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 3138)
+* \diamond: Math symbols. (line 3141)
+* \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 3144)
+* \dim: Math functions. (line 3691)
+* \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 2999)
+* \div: Math symbols. (line 3147)
* \dj: Non-English characters.
- (line 4587)
+ (line 4645)
* \DJ: Non-English characters.
- (line 4587)
-* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 354)
-* \dot: Math accents. (line 3725)
-* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 3096)
-* \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 4048)
-* \dots: Text symbols. (line 4327)
-* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 2000)
-* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3099)
-* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3102)
-* \ell: Math symbols. (line 3105)
-* \em: Font styles. (line 548)
-* \emph: Font styles. (line 475)
-* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 3108)
-* \encl: \encl. (line 4897)
-* \end: Environments. (line 919)
-* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 2371)
-* \enumi: enumerate. (line 1094)
-* \enumii: enumerate. (line 1094)
-* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 1094)
-* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 1094)
-* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 3111)
-* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 3114)
-* \eta: Math symbols. (line 3117)
+ (line 4645)
+* \documentclass: Document classes. (line 355)
+* \documentclass, commands before: filecontents. (line 1287)
+* \dot: Math accents. (line 3779)
+* \doteq: Math symbols. (line 3150)
+* \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 4106)
+* \dots: Text symbols. (line 4385)
+* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 2054)
+* \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3153)
+* \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 3156)
+* \ell: Math symbols. (line 3159)
+* \em: Font styles. (line 552)
+* \emph: Font styles. (line 479)
+* \emptyset: Math symbols. (line 3162)
+* \encl: \encl. (line 4958)
+* \end: Environments. (line 930)
+* \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage. (line 2425)
+* \enumi: enumerate. (line 1105)
+* \enumii: enumerate. (line 1105)
+* \enumiii: enumerate. (line 1105)
+* \enumiv: enumerate. (line 1105)
+* \epsilon: Math symbols. (line 3165)
+* \equiv: Math symbols. (line 3168)
+* \eta: Math symbols. (line 3171)
* \evensidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 415)
-* \exists: Math symbols. (line 3120)
-* \exp: Math functions. (line 3640)
-* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 1963)
+ (line 416)
+* \exists: Math symbols. (line 3174)
+* \exp: Math functions. (line 3694)
+* \extracolsep: tabular. (line 2017)
* \fbox: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4118)
+ (line 4176)
* \fboxrule: \framebox (picture).
- (line 1607)
+ (line 1661)
* \fboxrule <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4130)
+ (line 4188)
* \fboxsep: \framebox (picture).
- (line 1607)
+ (line 1661)
* \fboxsep <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4130)
-* \fill: \hfill. (line 3984)
-* \flat: Math symbols. (line 3123)
-* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 1221)
-* \floatsep: figure. (line 1236)
-* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 723)
+ (line 4188)
+* \fill: \hfill. (line 4042)
+* \flat: Math symbols. (line 3177)
+* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 1232)
+* \floatsep: figure. (line 1247)
+* \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 734)
* \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2699)
-* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2460)
+ (line 2753)
+* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: Symbolic footnotes. (line 2514)
* \fontencoding: Low-level font commands.
- (line 603)
+ (line 614)
* \fontfamily: Low-level font commands.
- (line 606)
+ (line 617)
* \fontseries: Low-level font commands.
- (line 615)
-* \fontshape: Low-level font commands.
(line 626)
+* \fontshape: Low-level font commands.
+ (line 637)
* \fontsize: Low-level font commands.
- (line 638)
-* \footnote: \footnote. (line 2411)
-* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 2426)
+ (line 649)
+* \footnote: \footnote. (line 2465)
+* \footnotemark: \footnotemark. (line 2480)
* \footnoterule: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2468)
+ (line 2522)
* \footnotesep: Footnote parameters.
- (line 2474)
-* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 2441)
+ (line 2528)
+* \footnotesize: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \footnotetext: \footnotetext. (line 2495)
* \footskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 748)
-* \forall: Math symbols. (line 3126)
-* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 3788)
-* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 3787)
-* \frame: \frame. (line 1628)
+ (line 759)
+* \forall: Math symbols. (line 3180)
+* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 3842)
+* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 3841)
+* \frame: \frame. (line 1682)
* \framebox: \framebox (picture).
- (line 1599)
+ (line 1653)
* \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox.
- (line 4118)
-* \frown: Math symbols. (line 3129)
-* \fussy: \fussy. (line 2293)
-* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 3132)
-* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 3135)
-* \gcd: Math functions. (line 3643)
-* \ge: Math symbols. (line 3138)
-* \geq: Math symbols. (line 3141)
-* \gets: Math symbols. (line 3144)
-* \gg: Math symbols. (line 3147)
-* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 4775)
-* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 4778)
-* \grave: Math accents. (line 3728)
-* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 4319)
-* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 4320)
-* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 4321)
-* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 4322)
-* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4528)
-* \hat: Math accents. (line 3731)
-* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 3150)
+ (line 4176)
+* \frown: Math symbols. (line 3183)
+* \fussy: \fussy. (line 2347)
+* \Gamma: Math symbols. (line 3186)
+* \gamma: Math symbols. (line 3189)
+* \gcd: Math functions. (line 3697)
+* \ge: Math symbols. (line 3192)
+* \geq: Math symbols. (line 3195)
+* \gets: Math symbols. (line 3198)
+* \gg: Math symbols. (line 3201)
+* \glossary: Glossaries. (line 4836)
+* \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 4839)
+* \grave: Math accents. (line 3782)
+* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 4377)
+* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 4378)
+* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 4379)
+* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 4380)
+* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 4586)
+* \hat: Math accents. (line 3785)
+* \hbar: Math symbols. (line 3204)
* \headheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 738)
+ (line 749)
* \headsep: Page layout parameters.
- (line 743)
-* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 3153)
-* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 2821)
-* \hfill: \hfill. (line 3981)
-* \hline: \hline. (line 2045)
-* \hom: Math functions. (line 3646)
-* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3156)
-* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3159)
-* \hrulefill: \hrulefill. (line 4041)
+ (line 754)
+* \heartsuit: Math symbols. (line 3207)
+* \height: Predefined lengths. (line 2875)
+* \hfill: \hfill. (line 4039)
+* \hline: \hline. (line 2099)
+* \hom: Math functions. (line 3700)
+* \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3210)
+* \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3213)
+* \hrulefill: \hrulefill. (line 4099)
* \hsize: Page layout parameters.
- (line 788)
-* \hspace: \hspace. (line 3966)
-* \huge: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 2311)
-* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 4532)
-* \iff: Math symbols. (line 3162)
+ (line 799)
+* \hspace: \hspace. (line 4024)
+* \huge: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \Huge: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 2365)
+* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 4590)
+* \iff: Math symbols. (line 3216)
* \ij (ij): Non-English characters.
- (line 4591)
+ (line 4649)
* \IJ (IJ): Non-English characters.
- (line 4591)
-* \Im: Math symbols. (line 3165)
-* \imath: Math accents. (line 3734)
-* \in: Math symbols. (line 3168)
-* \include: \include. (line 4659)
-* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 4677)
-* \indent: \indent. (line 2846)
-* \index: Indexes. (line 4791)
-* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 4794)
-* \inf: Math functions. (line 3649)
-* \infty: Math symbols. (line 3171)
-* \input: \input. (line 4691)
-* \int: Math symbols. (line 3174)
-* \intextsep: figure. (line 1240)
-* \iota: Math symbols. (line 3177)
-* \it: Font styles. (line 551)
-* \item: description. (line 1030)
-* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 1084)
-* \item <2>: itemize. (line 1320)
-* \itemindent: itemize. (line 1363)
-* \itemsep: itemize. (line 1385)
-* \itshape: Font styles. (line 472)
-* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 4535)
-* \jmath: Math accents. (line 3737)
-* \Join: Math symbols. (line 3180)
-* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 4539)
-* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 3183)
-* \ker: Math functions. (line 3652)
-* \kill: tabbing. (line 1839)
+ (line 4649)
+* \Im: Math symbols. (line 3219)
+* \imath: Math accents. (line 3788)
+* \in: Math symbols. (line 3222)
+* \include: \include. (line 4720)
+* \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 4738)
+* \indent: \indent. (line 2900)
+* \index: Indexes. (line 4852)
+* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 4855)
+* \inf: Math functions. (line 3703)
+* \infty: Math symbols. (line 3225)
+* \input: \input. (line 4752)
+* \int: Math symbols. (line 3228)
+* \intextsep: figure. (line 1251)
+* \iota: Math symbols. (line 3231)
+* \it: Font styles. (line 555)
+* \item: description. (line 1041)
+* \item <1>: enumerate. (line 1095)
+* \item <2>: itemize. (line 1374)
+* \itemindent: itemize. (line 1417)
+* \itemsep: itemize. (line 1439)
+* \itshape: Font styles. (line 476)
+* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 4593)
+* \jmath: Math accents. (line 3791)
+* \Join: Math symbols. (line 3234)
+* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 4597)
+* \kappa: Math symbols. (line 3237)
+* \ker: Math functions. (line 3706)
+* \kill: tabbing. (line 1893)
* \l (/l): Non-English characters.
- (line 4595)
+ (line 4653)
* \L (/L): Non-English characters.
- (line 4595)
-* \label: \label. (line 865)
-* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 1098)
-* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 1098)
-* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 1098)
-* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 1098)
-* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 1343)
-* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 1343)
-* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 1343)
-* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 1343)
-* \labelsep: itemize. (line 1366)
-* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 1369)
-* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 3186)
-* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 3189)
-* \land: Math symbols. (line 3192)
-* \langle: Math symbols. (line 3195)
-* \large: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \Large: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4316)
-* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 3198)
-* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 3201)
-* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 3204)
-* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 4326)
-* \le: Math symbols. (line 3207)
-* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 3210)
-* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 3790)
-* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3212)
-* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3215)
-* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 1137)
-* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3218)
-* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3221)
-* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 1350)
-* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3224)
-* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3227)
-* \leq: Math symbols. (line 3230)
-* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 3233)
-* \lg: Math functions. (line 3655)
-* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 3236)
-* \lim: Math functions. (line 3658)
-* \liminf: Math functions. (line 3661)
-* \limsup: Math functions. (line 3664)
-* \line: \line. (line 1639)
+ (line 4653)
+* \label: \label. (line 876)
+* \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 1109)
+* \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 1109)
+* \labelenumiii: enumerate. (line 1109)
+* \labelenumiv: enumerate. (line 1109)
+* \labelitemi: itemize. (line 1397)
+* \labelitemii: itemize. (line 1397)
+* \labelitemiii: itemize. (line 1397)
+* \labelitemiv: itemize. (line 1397)
+* \labelsep: itemize. (line 1420)
+* \labelwidth: itemize. (line 1423)
+* \Lambda: Math symbols. (line 3240)
+* \lambda: Math symbols. (line 3243)
+* \land: Math symbols. (line 3246)
+* \langle: Math symbols. (line 3249)
+* \large: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \Large: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 4374)
+* \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 3252)
+* \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 3255)
+* \lceil: Math symbols. (line 3258)
+* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 4384)
+* \le: Math symbols. (line 3261)
+* \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 3264)
+* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 3844)
+* \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3266)
+* \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3269)
+* \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 1148)
+* \leftharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3272)
+* \leftharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3275)
+* \leftmargin: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \leftmargini: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \leftmarginii: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \leftmarginiii: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \leftmarginiv: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \leftmarginv: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \leftmarginvi: itemize. (line 1404)
+* \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3278)
+* \leftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3281)
+* \leq: Math symbols. (line 3284)
+* \lfloor: Math symbols. (line 3287)
+* \lg: Math functions. (line 3709)
+* \lhd: Math symbols. (line 3290)
+* \lim: Math functions. (line 3712)
+* \liminf: Math functions. (line 3715)
+* \limsup: Math functions. (line 3718)
+* \line: \line. (line 1693)
* \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 2327)
+ (line 2381)
* \linespread: Low-level font commands.
- (line 651)
-* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 1654)
+ (line 662)
+* \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 1708)
* \linewidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 753)
-* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 4719)
-* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 4719)
-* \listparindent: itemize. (line 1372)
-* \ll: Math symbols. (line 3239)
-* \ln: Math functions. (line 3667)
-* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 3242)
-* \location: \location. (line 4906)
-* \log: Math functions. (line 3670)
-* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3245)
-* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3248)
-* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 3251)
-* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3254)
-* \lor: Math symbols. (line 3257)
-* \lq: Text symbols. (line 4332)
-* \makebox: \makebox. (line 4150)
-* \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture). (line 1573)
-* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 4773)
-* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 4788)
-* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 4914)
-* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 3868)
-* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 3260)
-* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2870)
-* \marginparpush: Marginal notes. (line 2897)
-* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 2901)
-* \marginparwidth: Marginal notes. (line 2905)
-* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 3937)
-* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 3944)
-* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 505)
-* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 521)
-* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 518)
-* \mathring: Math accents. (line 3740)
-* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 502)
-* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 508)
-* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 511)
-* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 523)
-* \max: Math functions. (line 3673)
-* \mbox: \mbox. (line 4111)
-* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 478)
+ (line 764)
+* \listoffigures: Tables of contents. (line 4780)
+* \listoftables: Tables of contents. (line 4780)
+* \listparindent: itemize. (line 1426)
+* \ll: Math symbols. (line 3293)
+* \ln: Math functions. (line 3721)
+* \lnot: Math symbols. (line 3296)
+* \location: \location. (line 4967)
+* \log: Math functions. (line 3724)
+* \longleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 3299)
+* \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3302)
+* \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 3305)
+* \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3308)
+* \lor: Math symbols. (line 3311)
+* \lq: Text symbols. (line 4390)
+* \makebox: \makebox. (line 4208)
+* \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture). (line 1627)
+* \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 4834)
+* \makeindex: Indexes. (line 4849)
+* \makelabels: \makelabels. (line 4975)
+* \maketitle: \maketitle. (line 3922)
+* \mapsto: Math symbols. (line 3314)
+* \marginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2924)
+* \marginparpush: Marginal notes. (line 2951)
+* \marginparsep: Marginal notes. (line 2955)
+* \marginparwidth: Marginal notes. (line 2959)
+* \markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 3995)
+* \markright{RIGHT}: \pagestyle. (line 4002)
+* \mathbf: Font styles. (line 509)
+* \mathcal: Font styles. (line 525)
+* \mathnormal: Font styles. (line 522)
+* \mathring: Math accents. (line 3794)
+* \mathrm: Font styles. (line 506)
+* \mathsf: Font styles. (line 512)
+* \mathtt: Font styles. (line 515)
+* \mathversion: Font styles. (line 527)
+* \max: Math functions. (line 3727)
+* \mbox: \mbox. (line 4169)
+* \mdseries: Font styles. (line 482)
* \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4072)
+ (line 4130)
* \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4072)
-* \mho: Math symbols. (line 3263)
-* \mid: Math symbols. (line 3265)
-* \min: Math functions. (line 3676)
-* \models: Math symbols. (line 3268)
-* \month: \day \month \year. (line 2767)
-* \mp: Math symbols. (line 3271)
-* \mu: Math symbols. (line 3274)
-* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 2012)
-* \multiput: \multiput. (line 1678)
-* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 3277)
-* \name: \name. (line 4922)
-* \natural: Math symbols. (line 3280)
-* \ne: Math symbols. (line 3283)
-* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 3286)
-* \neg: Math symbols. (line 3289)
-* \neq: Math symbols. (line 3292)
+ (line 4130)
+* \mho: Math symbols. (line 3317)
+* \mid: Math symbols. (line 3319)
+* \min: Math functions. (line 3730)
+* \models: Math symbols. (line 3322)
+* \month: \day \month \year. (line 2821)
+* \mp: Math symbols. (line 3325)
+* \mu: Math symbols. (line 3328)
+* \multicolumn: \multicolumn. (line 2066)
+* \multiput: \multiput. (line 1732)
+* \nabla: Math symbols. (line 3331)
+* \name: \name. (line 4983)
+* \natural: Math symbols. (line 3334)
+* \ne: Math symbols. (line 3337)
+* \nearrow: Math symbols. (line 3340)
+* \neg: Math symbols. (line 3343)
+* \neq: Math symbols. (line 3346)
* \newcommand: \newcommand & \renewcommand.
- (line 2489)
-* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 2525)
+ (line 2543)
+* \newcounter: \newcounter. (line 2579)
* \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2564)
-* \newfont: \newfont. (line 2631)
-* \newlength: \newlength. (line 2540)
-* \newline: \newline. (line 2274)
-* \NEWLINE: \SPACE. (line 3991)
-* \newpage: \newpage. (line 2365)
-* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 2554)
-* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 2603)
-* \newtie: Accents. (line 4550)
+ (line 2618)
+* \newfont: \newfont. (line 2685)
+* \newlength: \newlength. (line 2594)
+* \newline: \newline. (line 2328)
+* \NEWLINE: \SPACE. (line 4049)
+* \newpage: \newpage. (line 2419)
+* \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 2608)
+* \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 2657)
+* \newtie: Accents. (line 4608)
* \ng: Non-English characters.
- (line 4599)
+ (line 4657)
* \NG: Non-English characters.
- (line 4599)
-* \ni: Math symbols. (line 3295)
-* \nocite: \nocite. (line 2115)
-* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 4723)
-* \noindent: \noindent. (line 2857)
+ (line 4657)
+* \ni: Math symbols. (line 3349)
+* \nocite: \nocite. (line 2169)
+* \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 4784)
+* \noindent: \noindent. (line 2911)
* \nolinebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak.
- (line 2327)
-* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 1132)
+ (line 2381)
+* \nonumber: eqnarray. (line 1143)
* \nopagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 2386)
-* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 499)
-* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2885)
-* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \not: Math symbols. (line 3298)
-* \notin: Math symbols. (line 3301)
-* \nu: Math symbols. (line 3304)
-* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 3307)
+ (line 2440)
+* \normalfont: Font styles. (line 503)
+* \normalmarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2939)
+* \normalsize: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \not: Math symbols. (line 3352)
+* \notin: Math symbols. (line 3355)
+* \nu: Math symbols. (line 3358)
+* \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 3361)
* \o (/o): Non-English characters.
- (line 4603)
+ (line 4661)
* \O (/O): Non-English characters.
- (line 4603)
+ (line 4661)
* \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 2265)
+ (line 2319)
* \oddsidemargin: Document class options.
- (line 415)
-* \odot: Math symbols. (line 3310)
+ (line 416)
+* \odot: Math symbols. (line 3364)
* \oe (oe): Non-English characters.
- (line 4607)
+ (line 4665)
* \OE (OE): Non-English characters.
- (line 4607)
-* \oint: Math symbols. (line 3313)
-* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 527)
-* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 3316)
-* \omega: Math symbols. (line 3319)
-* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 3322)
-* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 673)
-* \opening: \opening. (line 4930)
-* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 3325)
-* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 3328)
-* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 3331)
-* \oval: \oval. (line 1688)
-* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3795)
-* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3799)
-* \owns: Math symbols. (line 3334)
-* \P: Text symbols. (line 4335)
+ (line 4665)
+* \oint: Math symbols. (line 3367)
+* \oldstylenums: Font styles. (line 531)
+* \Omega: Math symbols. (line 3370)
+* \omega: Math symbols. (line 3373)
+* \ominus: Math symbols. (line 3376)
+* \onecolumn: \onecolumn. (line 684)
+* \opening: \opening. (line 4991)
+* \oplus: Math symbols. (line 3379)
+* \oslash: Math symbols. (line 3382)
+* \otimes: Math symbols. (line 3385)
+* \oval: \oval. (line 1742)
+* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3849)
+* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 3853)
+* \owns: Math symbols. (line 3388)
+* \P: Text symbols. (line 4393)
* \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak.
- (line 2386)
-* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 3894)
-* \pageref: \pageref. (line 897)
-* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 3914)
-* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 815)
-* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 3337)
-* \parbox: \parbox. (line 4175)
-* \parindent: minipage. (line 1475)
-* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 2846)
-* \parsep: itemize. (line 1390)
-* \parskip: \parskip. (line 2864)
-* \parskip example: itemize. (line 1406)
-* \part: Sectioning. (line 809)
-* \partial: Math symbols. (line 3340)
-* \partopsep: itemize. (line 1400)
-* \perp: Math symbols. (line 3343)
-* \phi: Math symbols. (line 3346)
-* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 3349)
-* \pi: Math symbols. (line 3352)
-* \pm: Math symbols. (line 3355)
-* \pmod: Math functions. (line 3679)
-* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 1845)
-* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 1846)
-* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 4339)
-* \Pr: Math functions. (line 3682)
-* \prec: Math symbols. (line 3358)
-* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 3361)
-* \prime: Math symbols. (line 3364)
-* \prod: Math symbols. (line 3367)
-* \propto: Math symbols. (line 3370)
-* \protect: \protect. (line 2645)
-* \ps: \ps. (line 4942)
-* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 3373)
-* \psi: Math symbols. (line 3376)
-* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 1848)
-* \put: \put. (line 1712)
-* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 4343)
-* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 4344)
-* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 4544)
-* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 732)
-* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 1307)
-* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 1281)
-* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 4215)
-* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 3379)
-* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 3382)
-* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 3385)
-* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 3388)
-* \Re: Math symbols. (line 3391)
-* \ref: \ref. (line 907)
-* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 2754)
+ (line 2440)
+* \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 3948)
+* \pageref: \pageref. (line 908)
+* \pagestyle: \pagestyle. (line 3972)
+* \paragraph: Sectioning. (line 826)
+* \parallel: Math symbols. (line 3391)
+* \parbox: \parbox. (line 4233)
+* \parindent: minipage. (line 1529)
+* \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 2900)
+* \parsep: itemize. (line 1444)
+* \parskip: \parskip. (line 2918)
+* \parskip example: itemize. (line 1460)
+* \part: Sectioning. (line 820)
+* \partial: Math symbols. (line 3394)
+* \partopsep: itemize. (line 1454)
+* \perp: Math symbols. (line 3397)
+* \phi: Math symbols. (line 3400)
+* \Pi: Math symbols. (line 3403)
+* \pi: Math symbols. (line 3406)
+* \pm: Math symbols. (line 3409)
+* \pmod: Math functions. (line 3733)
+* \poptabs: tabbing. (line 1899)
+* \poptabs <1>: tabbing. (line 1900)
+* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 4397)
+* \Pr: Math functions. (line 3736)
+* \prec: Math symbols. (line 3412)
+* \preceq: Math symbols. (line 3415)
+* \prime: Math symbols. (line 3418)
+* \prod: Math symbols. (line 3421)
+* \propto: Math symbols. (line 3424)
+* \protect: \protect. (line 2699)
+* \ps: \ps. (line 5003)
+* \Psi: Math symbols. (line 3427)
+* \psi: Math symbols. (line 3430)
+* \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 1902)
+* \put: \put. (line 1766)
+* \quotedblbase (,,): Text symbols. (line 4401)
+* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 4402)
+* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 4602)
+* \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 743)
+* \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 1361)
+* \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 1335)
+* \raisebox: \raisebox. (line 4273)
+* \rangle: Math symbols. (line 3433)
+* \rbrace: Math symbols. (line 3436)
+* \rbrack: Math symbols. (line 3439)
+* \rceil: Math symbols. (line 3442)
+* \Re: Math symbols. (line 3445)
+* \ref: \ref. (line 918)
+* \refstepcounter: \refstepcounter. (line 2808)
* \renewenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment.
- (line 2564)
+ (line 2618)
* \restorecr: \obeycr & \restorecr.
- (line 2265)
-* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2885)
-* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 3394)
-* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 3397)
-* \rho: Math symbols. (line 3400)
-* \right: Math miscellany. (line 3791)
-* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3403)
-* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3406)
-* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3409)
-* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3412)
-* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 3415)
-* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 1376)
-* \rm: Font styles. (line 554)
-* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 469)
+ (line 2319)
+* \reversemarginpar: Marginal notes. (line 2939)
+* \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 3448)
+* \rhd: Math symbols. (line 3451)
+* \rho: Math symbols. (line 3454)
+* \right: Math miscellany. (line 3845)
+* \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3457)
+* \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 3460)
+* \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 3463)
+* \rightharpoonup: Math symbols. (line 3466)
+* \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols. (line 3469)
+* \rightmargin: itemize. (line 1430)
+* \rm: Font styles. (line 558)
+* \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 473)
* \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2693)
+ (line 2747)
* \roman <1>: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol.
- (line 2696)
-* \rq: Text symbols. (line 4347)
-* \rule: \rule. (line 4620)
-* \S: Text symbols. (line 4350)
-* \savebox: \savebox. (line 4231)
-* \sbox: \sbox. (line 4243)
-* \sc: Font styles. (line 557)
-* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \scshape: Font styles. (line 493)
-* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 3418)
-* \sec: Math functions. (line 3685)
-* \section: Sectioning. (line 812)
-* \seename: Indexes. (line 4802)
+ (line 2750)
+* \rq: Text symbols. (line 4405)
+* \rule: \rule. (line 4678)
+* \S: Text symbols. (line 4408)
+* \savebox: \savebox. (line 4289)
+* \sbox: \sbox. (line 4301)
+* \sc: Font styles. (line 561)
+* \scriptsize: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \scshape: Font styles. (line 497)
+* \searrow: Math symbols. (line 3472)
+* \sec: Math functions. (line 3739)
+* \section: Sectioning. (line 823)
+* \seename: Indexes. (line 4863)
* \selectfont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 657)
-* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 2738)
-* \setlength: \setlength. (line 2784)
-* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 3421)
-* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 2797)
-* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 2805)
-* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 2813)
-* \sf: Font styles. (line 560)
-* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 490)
-* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 3424)
-* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 1720)
-* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 3427)
-* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 3430)
-* \signature: \signature. (line 4948)
-* \sim: Math symbols. (line 3433)
-* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 3436)
-* \sin: Math functions. (line 3688)
-* \sinh: Math functions. (line 3691)
-* \sl: Font styles. (line 563)
-* \slshape: Font styles. (line 487)
-* \small: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 3439)
+ (line 668)
+* \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 2792)
+* \setlength: \setlength. (line 2838)
+* \setminus: Math symbols. (line 3475)
+* \settodepth: \settodepth. (line 2851)
+* \settoheight: \settoheight. (line 2859)
+* \settowidth: \settowidth. (line 2867)
+* \sf: Font styles. (line 564)
+* \sffamily: Font styles. (line 494)
+* \sharp: Math symbols. (line 3478)
+* \shortstack: \shortstack. (line 1774)
+* \Sigma: Math symbols. (line 3481)
+* \sigma: Math symbols. (line 3484)
+* \signature: \signature. (line 5009)
+* \sim: Math symbols. (line 3487)
+* \simeq: Math symbols. (line 3490)
+* \sin: Math functions. (line 3742)
+* \sinh: Math functions. (line 3745)
+* \sl: Font styles. (line 567)
+* \slshape: Font styles. (line 491)
+* \small: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \smallint: Math symbols. (line 3493)
* \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4076)
+ (line 4134)
* \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip.
- (line 4076)
-* \smile: Math symbols. (line 3442)
-* \SPACE: \SPACE. (line 3991)
-* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 3445)
-* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 3448)
-* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 3451)
-* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 3802)
-* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 3454)
-* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 3457)
-* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 3460)
-* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 3463)
+ (line 4134)
+* \smile: Math symbols. (line 3496)
+* \SPACE: \SPACE. (line 4049)
+* \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 3499)
+* \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 3502)
+* \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 3505)
+* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 3856)
+* \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 3508)
+* \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 3511)
+* \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 3514)
+* \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 3517)
* \ss (ss): Non-English characters.
- (line 4611)
+ (line 4669)
* \SS (SS): Non-English characters.
- (line 4611)
-* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 3808)
-* \star: Math symbols. (line 3466)
-* \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 4954)
-* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 2761)
-* \stop: Command line. (line 5018)
-* \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 4961)
-* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 816)
-* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 813)
-* \subset: Math symbols. (line 3469)
-* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 3472)
-* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 814)
-* \succ: Math symbols. (line 3475)
-* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 3478)
-* \sum: Math symbols. (line 3481)
-* \sup: Math functions. (line 3694)
-* \supset: Math symbols. (line 3484)
-* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 3487)
-* \surd: Math symbols. (line 3490)
-* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 3493)
+ (line 4669)
+* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 3862)
+* \star: Math symbols. (line 3520)
+* \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 5015)
+* \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 2815)
+* \stop: Command line. (line 5079)
+* \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 5022)
+* \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 827)
+* \subsection: Sectioning. (line 824)
+* \subset: Math symbols. (line 3523)
+* \subseteq: Math symbols. (line 3526)
+* \subsubsection: Sectioning. (line 825)
+* \succ: Math symbols. (line 3529)
+* \succeq: Math symbols. (line 3532)
+* \sum: Math symbols. (line 3535)
+* \sup: Math functions. (line 3748)
+* \supset: Math symbols. (line 3538)
+* \supseteq: Math symbols. (line 3541)
+* \surd: Math symbols. (line 3544)
+* \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 3547)
* \symbol: Reserved characters.
- (line 4290)
-* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 4550)
-* \TAB: \SPACE. (line 3991)
-* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 1853)
-* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 2004)
-* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 4709)
-* \tan: Math functions. (line 3697)
-* \tanh: Math functions. (line 3700)
-* \tau: Math symbols. (line 3496)
-* \telephone: \telephone. (line 4968)
-* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 4353)
-* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4391)
-* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 4356)
-* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 4359)
-* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 4362)
-* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 4365)
-* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 4368)
-* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 4371)
-* \textbf: Font styles. (line 481)
-* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 4374)
-* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 4377)
-* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 4380)
-* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 4383)
-* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4390)
-* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 4386)
-* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4389)
-* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 4307)
-* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 4396)
-* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 4399)
-* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 4402)
-* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4328)
-* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 4405)
-* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 4408)
-* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 4411)
-* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 4414)
-* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 1245)
-* \textfraction: figure. (line 1225)
-* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 4417)
+ (line 4348)
+* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 4608)
+* \TAB: \SPACE. (line 4049)
+* \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 1907)
+* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 2058)
+* \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 4770)
+* \tan: Math functions. (line 3751)
+* \tanh: Math functions. (line 3754)
+* \tau: Math symbols. (line 3550)
+* \telephone: \telephone. (line 5029)
+* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 4411)
+* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4449)
+* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 4414)
+* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 4417)
+* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 4420)
+* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 4423)
+* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 4426)
+* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 4429)
+* \textbf: Font styles. (line 485)
+* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 4432)
+* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 4435)
+* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 4438)
+* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 4441)
+* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4448)
+* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 4444)
+* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 4447)
+* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 4365)
+* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 4454)
+* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 4457)
+* \textdollar (or '$'): Text symbols. (line 4460)
+* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 4386)
+* \textemdash (or '---'): Text symbols. (line 4463)
+* \textendash (or '--'): Text symbols. (line 4466)
+* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 4469)
+* \textexclamdown (or '!`'): Text symbols. (line 4472)
+* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 1256)
+* \textfraction: figure. (line 1236)
+* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 4475)
* \textheight: Page layout parameters.
- (line 761)
-* \textit: Font styles. (line 472)
-* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 4423)
-* \textless: Text symbols. (line 4420)
-* \textmd: Font styles. (line 478)
-* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 499)
-* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 4426)
-* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 4427)
-* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 4336)
-* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 4430)
-* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 4433)
-* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 4436)
-* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4439)
-* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 4442)
-* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4445)
-* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 4448)
-* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 4449)
-* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 4452)
-* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 4455)
-* \textrm: Font styles. (line 469)
-* \textsc: Font styles. (line 493)
-* \textsf: Font styles. (line 490)
-* \textsl: Font styles. (line 487)
-* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 4340)
-* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 4458)
-* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 4461)
-* \texttt: Font styles. (line 496)
-* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 4464)
-* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 4467)
-* \textup: Font styles. (line 484)
-* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 4470)
+ (line 772)
+* \textit: Font styles. (line 476)
+* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 4481)
+* \textless: Text symbols. (line 4478)
+* \textmd: Font styles. (line 482)
+* \textnormal: Font styles. (line 503)
+* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 4484)
+* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 4485)
+* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 4394)
+* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 4488)
+* \textquestiondown (or '?`'): Text symbols. (line 4491)
+* \textquotedblleft (or '``'): Text symbols. (line 4494)
+* \textquotedblright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4497)
+* \textquoteleft (or '`'): Text symbols. (line 4500)
+* \textquoteright (or '''): Text symbols. (line 4503)
+* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 4506)
+* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 4507)
+* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 4510)
+* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 4513)
+* \textrm: Font styles. (line 473)
+* \textsc: Font styles. (line 497)
+* \textsf: Font styles. (line 494)
+* \textsl: Font styles. (line 491)
+* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 4398)
+* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 4516)
+* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 4519)
+* \texttt: Font styles. (line 500)
+* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 4522)
+* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 4525)
+* \textup: Font styles. (line 488)
+* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 4528)
* \textwidth: Page layout parameters.
- (line 768)
+ (line 779)
* \th (th): Non-English characters.
- (line 4615)
+ (line 4673)
* \TH (TH): Non-English characters.
- (line 4615)
-* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3883)
-* \theta: Math symbols. (line 3499)
-* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 1664)
-* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 1671)
-* \thinspace: \thinspace. (line 4017)
-* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 3950)
-* \tilde: Math accents. (line 3743)
-* \times: Math symbols. (line 3502)
-* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 577)
-* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3887)
-* \to: Math symbols. (line 3505)
-* \today: \today. (line 4639)
-* \top: Math symbols. (line 3508)
-* \topfraction: figure. (line 1230)
+ (line 4673)
+* \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3937)
+* \theta: Math symbols. (line 3553)
+* \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 1718)
+* \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 1725)
+* \thinspace: \thinspace. (line 4075)
+* \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 4008)
+* \tilde: Math accents. (line 3797)
+* \times: Math symbols. (line 3556)
+* \tiny: Font sizes. (line 588)
+* \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 3941)
+* \to: Math symbols. (line 3559)
+* \today: \today. (line 4697)
+* \top: Math symbols. (line 3562)
+* \topfraction: figure. (line 1241)
* \topmargin: Page layout parameters.
- (line 792)
-* \topnumber: figure. (line 1255)
-* \topsep: itemize. (line 1394)
+ (line 803)
+* \topnumber: figure. (line 1266)
+* \topsep: itemize. (line 1448)
* \topskip: Page layout parameters.
- (line 799)
-* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 2825)
-* \totalnumber: figure. (line 1259)
-* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 3511)
-* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 3514)
-* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 3517)
-* \tt: Font styles. (line 566)
-* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 496)
-* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 679)
-* \typein: \typein. (line 4979)
-* \typeout: \typeout. (line 4993)
-* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 4555)
-* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 2940)
-* \underbar: Accents. (line 4558)
-* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 3812)
-* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 3815)
-* \unitlength: picture. (line 1496)
-* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 3520)
-* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 3523)
-* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3526)
-* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3529)
-* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3532)
-* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3535)
-* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 3538)
-* \upshape: Font styles. (line 484)
-* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3541)
-* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3544)
-* \usebox: \usebox. (line 4255)
-* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 2713)
+ (line 810)
+* \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 2879)
+* \totalnumber: figure. (line 1270)
+* \triangle: Math symbols. (line 3565)
+* \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 3568)
+* \triangleright: Math symbols. (line 3571)
+* \tt: Font styles. (line 570)
+* \ttfamily: Font styles. (line 500)
+* \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 690)
+* \typein: \typein. (line 5040)
+* \typeout: \typeout. (line 5054)
+* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 4613)
+* \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 2994)
+* \underbar: Accents. (line 4616)
+* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 3866)
+* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 3869)
+* \unitlength: picture. (line 1550)
+* \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 3574)
+* \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 3577)
+* \Uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3580)
+* \uparrow: Math symbols. (line 3583)
+* \Updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3586)
+* \updownarrow: Math symbols. (line 3589)
+* \uplus: Math symbols. (line 3592)
+* \upshape: Font styles. (line 488)
+* \Upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3595)
+* \upsilon: Math symbols. (line 3598)
+* \usebox: \usebox. (line 4313)
+* \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 2767)
* \usefont: Low-level font commands.
- (line 661)
+ (line 672)
* \usepackage: Document class options.
- (line 434)
-* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 4565)
-* \value: \value. (line 2724)
-* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 3547)
-* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 3550)
-* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 3553)
-* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 3556)
-* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 3559)
-* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 3562)
-* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 3565)
-* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 3820)
-* \vdots <1>: Math miscellany. (line 3821)
-* \vec: Math accents. (line 3746)
-* \vector: \vector. (line 1739)
-* \vee: Math symbols. (line 3568)
-* \verb: \verb. (line 2207)
-* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 3571)
-* \vert: Math symbols. (line 3574)
-* \vfill: \vfill. (line 4084)
-* \vline: \vline. (line 2052)
-* \vspace: \vspace. (line 4091)
-* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 3577)
-* \widehat: Math accents. (line 3749)
-* \widehat <1>: Math accents. (line 3752)
-* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 2819)
-* \wp: Math symbols. (line 3580)
-* \wr: Math symbols. (line 3583)
-* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 3586)
-* \xi: Math symbols. (line 3589)
-* \year: \day \month \year. (line 2767)
-* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 3592)
-* \[: Math formulas. (line 2927)
-* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 960)
-* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 992)
-* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1124)
-* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 1300)
-* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects): \shortstack. (line 1734)
-* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1798)
-* \\ for 'flushleft': flushleft. (line 1274)
-* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 4854)
-* \\ for 'tabular': tabular. (line 1915)
-* \\ for 'verse': verse. (line 2235)
-* \\ for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3874)
-* \\ for '\title': \maketitle. (line 3888)
-* \\ force line break: \\. (line 2255)
-* \\* (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1129)
-* \]: Math formulas. (line 2927)
+ (line 435)
+* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 4623)
+* \value: \value. (line 2778)
+* \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 3601)
+* \varphi: Math symbols. (line 3604)
+* \varpi: Math symbols. (line 3607)
+* \varrho: Math symbols. (line 3610)
+* \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 3613)
+* \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 3616)
+* \vdash: Math symbols. (line 3619)
+* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 3874)
+* \vdots <1>: Math miscellany. (line 3875)
+* \vec: Math accents. (line 3800)
+* \vector: \vector. (line 1793)
+* \vee: Math symbols. (line 3622)
+* \verb: \verb. (line 2261)
+* \Vert: Math symbols. (line 3625)
+* \vert: Math symbols. (line 3628)
+* \vfill: \vfill. (line 4142)
+* \vline: \vline. (line 2106)
+* \vspace: \vspace. (line 4149)
+* \wedge: Math symbols. (line 3631)
+* \widehat: Math accents. (line 3803)
+* \widehat <1>: Math accents. (line 3806)
+* \width: Predefined lengths. (line 2873)
+* \wp: Math symbols. (line 3634)
+* \wr: Math symbols. (line 3637)
+* \Xi: Math symbols. (line 3640)
+* \xi: Math symbols. (line 3643)
+* \year: \day \month \year. (line 2821)
+* \zeta: Math symbols. (line 3646)
+* \[: Math formulas. (line 2981)
+* \\ (for 'array'): array. (line 971)
+* \\ (for 'center'): center. (line 1003)
+* \\ (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1135)
+* \\ (for 'flushright'): flushright. (line 1354)
+* \\ (for '\shortstack' objects): \shortstack. (line 1788)
+* \\ (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1852)
+* \\ for 'flushleft': flushleft. (line 1328)
+* \\ for letters: Letters. (line 4915)
+* \\ for 'tabular': tabular. (line 1969)
+* \\ for 'verse': verse. (line 2289)
+* \\ for '\author': \maketitle. (line 3928)
+* \\ for '\title': \maketitle. (line 3942)
+* \\ force line break: \\. (line 2309)
+* \\* (for 'eqnarray'): eqnarray. (line 1140)
+* \]: Math formulas. (line 2981)
* \^: Reserved characters.
- (line 4286)
-* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 4503)
+ (line 4344)
+* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 4561)
* \_: Reserved characters.
- (line 4276)
-* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 4507)
-* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1825)
+ (line 4334)
+* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 4565)
+* \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 1879)
* \{: Reserved characters.
- (line 4276)
-* \|: Math symbols. (line 2967)
+ (line 4334)
+* \|: Math symbols. (line 3021)
* \}: Reserved characters.
- (line 4276)
+ (line 4334)
* \~: Reserved characters.
- (line 4286)
-* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 4513)
+ (line 4344)
+* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 4571)
* ^: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 2953)
+ (line 3007)
* _: Subscripts & superscripts.
- (line 2953)
-* {...} for required arguments: Overview. (line 325)
+ (line 3007)
+* {...} for required arguments: Overview. (line 326)
* a4paper option: Document class options.
- (line 384)
+ (line 385)
* a5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 384)
-* abstract environment: abstract. (line 929)
-* array environment: array. (line 940)
-* article class: Document classes. (line 361)
+ (line 385)
+* abstract environment: abstract. (line 940)
+* array environment: array. (line 951)
+* article class: Document classes. (line 362)
* b5paper option: Document class options.
- (line 384)
-* book class: Document classes. (line 361)
-* center environment: center. (line 985)
-* description environment: description. (line 1022)
-* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 1045)
-* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2917)
-* document environment: document. (line 1065)
+ (line 385)
+* book class: Document classes. (line 362)
+* center environment: center. (line 996)
+* description environment: description. (line 1033)
+* displaymath environment: displaymath. (line 1056)
+* displaymath environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2971)
+* document environment: document. (line 1076)
* draft option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
-* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 1071)
-* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 1109)
-* equation environment: equation. (line 1144)
-* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2917)
+ (line 390)
+* enumerate environment: enumerate. (line 1082)
+* eqnarray environment: eqnarray. (line 1120)
+* equation environment: equation. (line 1155)
+* equation environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2971)
* executivepaper option: Document class options.
- (line 384)
-* figure: figure. (line 1157)
+ (line 385)
+* figure: figure. (line 1168)
+* filecontents: filecontents. (line 1279)
* final option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
+ (line 390)
* fleqn option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
-* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 1268)
-* flushright environment: flushright. (line 1294)
-* indexspace: Indexes. (line 4814)
-* itemize environment: itemize. (line 1320)
+ (line 390)
+* flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 1322)
+* flushright environment: flushright. (line 1348)
+* indexspace: Indexes. (line 4875)
+* itemize environment: itemize. (line 1374)
* landscape option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
-* latex command: Overview. (line 292)
+ (line 390)
+* latex command: Overview. (line 293)
* email address: About this document.
- (line 252)
+ (line 253)
* legalpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 384)
+ (line 385)
* leqno option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
-* letter: letter. (line 1422)
-* letter class: Document classes. (line 361)
+ (line 390)
+* letter: letter. (line 1476)
+* letter class: Document classes. (line 362)
* letterpaper option: Document class options.
- (line 384)
-* list: list. (line 1427)
-* lR box: picture. (line 1552)
-* lrbox: lrbox. (line 4140)
-* lualatex command: Overview. (line 306)
-* math environment: math. (line 1452)
-* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2917)
-* minipage environment: minipage. (line 1464)
+ (line 385)
+* list: list. (line 1481)
+* lR box: picture. (line 1606)
+* lrbox: lrbox. (line 4198)
+* lualatex command: Overview. (line 307)
+* math environment: math. (line 1506)
+* math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 2971)
+* minipage environment: minipage. (line 1518)
* notitlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
+ (line 390)
* onecolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 409)
+ (line 410)
* oneside option: Document class options.
- (line 409)
+ (line 410)
* openany option: Document class options.
- (line 409)
+ (line 410)
* openbib option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
+ (line 390)
* openright option: Document class options.
- (line 409)
-* pdflatex command: Overview. (line 300)
-* picture: picture. (line 1492)
-* printindex: Indexes. (line 4810)
-* quotation: quotation. (line 1750)
-* quote: quote. (line 1765)
-* report class: Document classes. (line 361)
-* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 848)
-* slides class: Document classes. (line 361)
-* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 1780)
-* table: table. (line 1871)
-* tabular environment: tabular. (line 1898)
-* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 4302)
-* thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 2059)
-* theorem environment: theorem. (line 2160)
-* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 2173)
+ (line 410)
+* pdflatex command: Overview. (line 301)
+* picture: picture. (line 1546)
+* printindex: Indexes. (line 4871)
+* quotation: quotation. (line 1804)
+* quote: quote. (line 1819)
+* report class: Document classes. (line 362)
+* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 859)
+* slides class: Document classes. (line 362)
+* tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 1834)
+* table: table. (line 1925)
+* tabular environment: tabular. (line 1952)
+* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 4360)
+* thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 2113)
+* theorem environment: theorem. (line 2214)
+* titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 2227)
* titlepage option: Document class options.
- (line 389)
+ (line 390)
* twocolumn option: Document class options.
- (line 409)
+ (line 410)
* twoside option: Document class options.
- (line 409)
-* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 2190)
-* verse environment: verse. (line 2224)
-* xelatex command: Overview. (line 309)
+ (line 410)
+* verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 2244)
+* verse environment: verse. (line 2278)
+* xelatex command: Overview. (line 310)
diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
index cf7af065724..b83ec51dae9 100644
--- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml
@@ -3,22 +3,22 @@
\input texinfo
-
+
latex2e.info
-May 2013
-&latex;2e reference manual (May 2013)
+May 2014
+&latex;2e reference manual (May 2014)
-
+
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version of May 2013.
+document preparation system, version of May 2014.
This manual was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in
the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by
@@ -37,15 +37,16 @@ George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The
&latex; 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The
&latex;2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl
Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges
-using Hypertext Help with &latex;, by Sheldon Green, and the
+using Hypertext Help with &latex;, by Sheldon Green, and
&latex; Command Summary (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway
and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as
&tex;niques number 10), as reference material (no text was
directly copied).
-Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 Karl Berry.&linebreak;
-Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak;
-Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
+Copyright 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013,
+2014 Karl Berry.&linebreak;
+Copyright 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak;
+Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@@ -77,9 +78,8 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
-&latex;: Structured documents for &tex;
-unofficial &latex; reference manual
-May 2013
+&latex;: An unofficial reference manual
+May 2014
http://home.gna.org/latexrefman
0pt plus 1filll
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.
&latex;2e
This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a
-document preparation system, version as of May 2013. It is
+document preparation system, version as of May 2014. It is
intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of
&latex; for many years.
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of
Overview What is &latex;?
Starting & ending The standard beginning and end of a document.
Document classes Some of the various classes available.
-
Typefaces And fonts, such as bold, italics etc.
+
Fonts Italic, bold, typewriter, etc.
Layout Controlling the page layout.
Sectioning How to section properly.
Cross references Automatic referencing.
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ and the \begin{document}
commands (this area is calle
-Document classes Typefaces Starting & ending Top
+Document classes Fonts Starting & ending Top
Document classes
document classes
@@ -458,8 +458,9 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with
-Typefaces Layout Document classes Top
-Typefaces
+Fonts Layout Document classes Top
+Fonts
+Typefaces
typefaces
fonts
@@ -474,7 +475,7 @@ and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here.
-Font styles Font sizes Typefaces
+Font styles Font sizes Fonts
Font styles
font styles
@@ -483,21 +484,22 @@ and a style. The &latex; commands for doing this are described here.
The following type style commands are supported by &latex;.
-This first group of commands is typically used like
-\textit{italic text}
. The corresponding command in
-parenthesis is the &textldquo;declaration form&textrdquo;, which takes no arguments. The
-scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type style command
-or the end of the current group.
+This first group of commands is typically used with an argument, as in
+\textit{italic text}
. In the table below, the corresponding
+command in parenthesis is the &textldquo;declaration form&textrdquo;, which takes no
+arguments. The scope of the declaration form lasts until the next type
+style command or the end of the current group.
-The declaration forms are cumulative; i.e., you can say either
-\sffamily\bfseries
or \bfseries\sffamily
to get bold
-sans serif.
+These commands, in both the argument form and the declaration form,
+are cumulative; e.g.,, you can say either \sffamily\bfseries
or
+\bfseries\sffamily
to get bold sans serif.
You can alternatively use an environment form of the declarations; for
instance, \begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}
.
-These commands automatically supply an italic correction if the
-
+These commands automatically supply an italic correction if needed.
+
+
\textrm (\rmfamily)
\textrm
\rmfamily
@@ -584,15 +586,17 @@ instance, \begin{ttfamily}...\end{ttfamily}
\mathversion
+math, bold
+bold math
In addition, the command \mathversion{bold}
can be used for
switching to bold letters and symbols in
formulas. \mathversion{normal}
restores the default.
\oldstylenums
-numerals, old-style
-old-style numerals
-lining numerals
-textcomp
package
+numerals, old-style
+old-style numerals
+lining numerals
+textcomp
package
Finally, the command \oldstylenums{numerals}
will
typeset so-called &textldquo;old-style&textrdquo; numerals, which have differing heights
and depths (and sometimes widths) from the standard &textldquo;lining&textrdquo;
@@ -603,62 +607,70 @@ numerals also; sometimes the textcomp
package must be loaded,
and sometimes package options are provided to make them the default.
FAQ entry: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=osf .
-&latex; also provides these commands, which unconditionally switch to
-the given style, that is, are not cumulative. They are used
-differently than the above commands, too: {\cmd ...}
-instead of \cmd{...}
. These are two very different
-things.
+&latex; also provides the following commands, which unconditionally
+switch to the given style, that is, are not cumulative. Also,
+they are used differently than the above commands: {\cmd
+...}
instead of \cmd{...}
. These are two very
+different things.
\bf \bf
-bold font
+bold font
Switch to bold face.
\cal \cal
-script letters for math
-calligraphic letters for math
+script letters for math
+calligraphic letters for math
Switch to calligraphic letters for math.
\em \em
-emphasis
+emphasis
Emphasis (italics within roman, roman within italics).
\it \it
-italic font
+italic font
Italics.
\rm \rm
-roman font
+roman font
Roman.
\sc \sc
-small caps font
+small caps font
Small caps.
\sf \sf
-sans serif font
+sans serif font
Sans serif.
\sl \sl
-slanted font
-oblique font
+slanted font
+oblique font
Slanted (oblique).
\tt \tt
-typewriter font
-monospace font
-fixed-width font
+typewriter font
+monospace font
+fixed-width font
Typewriter (monospace, fixed-width).
+Some people consider the unconditional font-switching commands, such
+as \tt
, obsolete and only the cumulative commands
+(\texttt
) should be used. I (Karl) do not agree. There are
+perfectly reasonable situations when an unconditional font switch is
+precisely what you need to get the desired output; for one example,
+description description
. Both sets of commands have
+their place.
+
-Font sizes Low-level font commands Font styles Typefaces
+Font sizes Low-level font commands Font styles Fonts
Font sizes
-font sizes
-typeface sizes
-sizes of text
+font sizes
+typeface sizes
+sizes of text
The following standard type size commands are supported by &latex;.
The table shows the command name and the corresponding actual font
@@ -708,10 +720,10 @@ these commands; for instance, \begin{tiny}...\end{tin
-Low-level font commands Font sizes Typefaces
+Low-level font commands Font sizes Fonts
Low-level font commands
-low-level font commands
-font commands, low-level
+low-level font commands
+font commands, low-level
These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and
packages. The commands listed here are only a subset of the available
@@ -773,8 +785,8 @@ pt. The default \baselineskip
for the Computer Modern typeface
is 1.2 times the \fontsize
.
\baselinestretch
-setspace
package
-double spacing
+setspace
package
+double spacing
The line spacing is also multiplied by the value of the
\baselinestretch
parameter when the type size changes; the
default is 1. However, the best way to &textldquo;double space&textrdquo; a document,
@@ -805,9 +817,9 @@ followed by \selectfont
.
-Layout Sectioning Typefaces Top
+Layout Sectioning Fonts Top
Layout
-layout commands
+layout commands
Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
@@ -823,7 +835,7 @@ followed by \selectfont
.
\onecolumn \twocolumn Layout
\onecolumn
\onecolumn
-one-column output
+one-column output
The \onecolumn
declaration starts a new page and produces
single-column output. This is the default.
@@ -833,8 +845,8 @@ single-column output. This is the default.
\twocolumn \flushbottom \onecolumn Layout
\twocolumn
\twocolumn
-multicolumn text
-two-column output
+multicolumn text
+two-column output
Synopsis:
@@ -904,7 +916,7 @@ page.
\raggedbottom Page layout parameters \flushbottom Layout
\raggedbottom
\raggedbottom
-stretch, omitting vertical
+stretch, omitting vertical
The \raggedbottom
declaration makes all pages the natural
height of the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be
@@ -915,12 +927,12 @@ stretched.
Page layout parameters \raggedbottom Layout
Page layout parameters
-page layout parameters
-parameters, page layout
-layout, page parameters for
-header, parameters for
-footer, parameters for
-running header and footer
+page layout parameters
+parameters, page layout
+layout, page parameters for
+header, parameters for
+footer, parameters for
+running header and footer
\headheight \headheight
@@ -1000,7 +1012,7 @@ same as the font size, e.g., 10pt at 10pt.
Sectioning Cross references Layout Top
Sectioning
-sectioning
+sectioning
Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units:
@@ -1036,7 +1048,7 @@ To handle this, the sectioning commands have an optional argument
toctitle that, when given, specifies the text for these other
places.
-*-form of sectioning commands
+*-form of sectioning commands
Also, all sectioning commands have *
-forms that print
title as usual, but do not include a number and do not make an
entry in the table of contents. For instance:
@@ -1046,7 +1058,7 @@ entry in the table of contents. For instance:
\appendix
-appendix, creating
+appendix, creating
The \appendix
command changes the way following sectional units
are numbered. The \appendix
command itself generates no text
and does not affect the numbering of parts. The normal use of this
@@ -1060,7 +1072,7 @@ command is something like
secnumdepth counter
-section numbers, printing
+section numbers, printing
The secnumdepth
counter controls printing of section numbers.
The setting
@@ -1076,7 +1088,7 @@ The setting
Cross references Environments Sectioning Top
Cross references
-cross references
+cross references
One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer
the reader to them, as in &textldquo;See Figure 3 for more details.&textrdquo;
@@ -1130,8 +1142,8 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes:
\pageref \ref \label Cross references
\pageref{key}
\pageref
-cross referencing with page number
-page number, cross referencing
+cross referencing with page number
+page number, cross referencing
Synopsis:
@@ -1148,11 +1160,11 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding
\ref \pageref Cross references
\ref{key}
\ref
-cross referencing, symbolic
-section number, cross referencing
-equation number, cross referencing
-figure number, cross referencing
-footnote number, cross referencing
+cross referencing, symbolic
+section number, cross referencing
+equation number, cross referencing
+figure number, cross referencing
+footnote number, cross referencing
Synopsis:
@@ -1170,7 +1182,7 @@ such as the word &textlsquo;Section&textrsquo; or &textlsquo;Figure&textrsquo;,
Environments Line breaking Cross references Top
Environments
-environments
+environments
\begin
\end
@@ -1195,6 +1207,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
eqnarray Sequences of aligned equations.
equation Displayed equation.
figure Floating figures.
+
filecontents Writing multiple files from the source.
flushleft Flushed left lines.
flushright Flushed right lines.
itemize Bulleted lists.
@@ -1220,7 +1233,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
abstract
abstract environment
-abstracts
+abstracts
Synopsis:
@@ -1236,7 +1249,7 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
array center abstract Environments
array
array environment
-arrays, math
+arrays, math
Synopsis:
@@ -1297,7 +1310,7 @@ namely \arrayrulewidth
and \arraystretch
.
center
center environment
-centering text, environment for
+centering text, environment for
Synopsis:
@@ -1323,7 +1336,7 @@ string \\
.
\centering
\centering
-centering text, declaration for
+centering text, declaration for
The \centering
declaration corresponds to the center
environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such
@@ -1354,8 +1367,8 @@ second line \\
description
description environment
-labelled lists, creating
-description lists, creating
+labelled lists, creating
+description lists, creating
Synopsis:
@@ -1372,8 +1385,8 @@ second line \\
label is typeset in bold, flush right. The item text may
contain multiple paragraphs.
-bold typewriter, avoiding
-typewriter labels in lists
+bold typewriter, avoiding
+typewriter labels in lists
Another variation: since the bold style is applied to the labels, if
you typeset a label in typewriter using \texttt
, you&textrsquo;ll get
bold typewriter: \item[\texttt{bold and typewriter}]
. This
@@ -1428,7 +1441,7 @@ It is required in every &latex; document. <
enumerate
enumerate environment
-lists of items, numbered
+lists of items, numbered
Synopsis:
@@ -1490,12 +1503,12 @@ letters:
eqnarray
eqnarray environment
-equations, aligning
-aligning equations
+equations, aligning
+aligning equations
-align environment, from amsmath
-amsmath package, replacing eqnarray
-Madsen, Lars
+align environment, from amsmath
+amsmath package, replacing eqnarray
+Madsen, Lars
First, a caveat: the eqnarray
environment has some infelicities
which cannot be overcome; the article &textldquo;Avoid eqnarray!&textrdquo;&noeos; by Lars
Madsen describes them in detail
@@ -1524,7 +1537,7 @@ and consecutive items within a row separated by an &
.
meaning of not allowing a page break at that line.
\nonumber
-equation numbers, omitting
+equation numbers, omitting
An equation number is placed on every line unless that line has a
\nonumber
command. Alternatively, The *
-form of the
environment (\begin{eqnarray*} ... \end{eqnarray*}
) will
@@ -1542,8 +1555,8 @@ zero width.
equation
equation environment
-equations, environment for
-formulas, environment for
+equations, environment for
+formulas, environment for
Synopsis:
@@ -1559,11 +1572,11 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin.
-figure flushleft equation Environments
+figure filecontents equation Environments
figure
figure
-inserting figures
-figures, inserting
+inserting figures
+figures, inserting
\begin{figure[*]}[placement]
@@ -1580,8 +1593,8 @@ Figures will not be split between two pages.
When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a
full-width figure (across both columns).
-placement of floats
-specifier, float placement
+placement of floats
+specifier, float placement
The optional argument [placement]
determines where &latex; will try
to place your figure. There are four places where &latex; can possibly
put a float:
@@ -1598,13 +1611,13 @@ output. To ameliorate this, use the stfloats
or
FAQ: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat .
h
-float
package
+float
package
(Here)&textmdash;at the position in the text where the figure environment
appears. However, this is not allowed by itself; t
is
automatically added.
-here, putting floats
-float
package
+here, putting floats
+float
package
To absolutely force a figure to appear &textldquo;here&textrdquo;, you can
\usepackage{float}
and use the H
specifier which it
defines. For further discussion, see the FAQ entry at
@@ -1694,11 +1707,69 @@ default 2.
-flushleft flushright figure Environments
+filecontents flushleft figure Environments
+filecontents
: Create external files
+filecontents
+external files, creating
+writing external files
+
+Synopsis:
+
+
+\begin{filecontents}{filename}
+contents-of-file
+\end{filecontents}
+...
+\documentclass{my-document-class}
+
+
+initial command
+\documentclass, commands before
+The filecontents
environment is an initial command,
+meaning that it can be used only before the \documentclass
+command, as in the synopsis above.
+
+&latex; will create a file named filename with the content
+contents-of-file preceded by a header comment indicating how and
+when the file was generated. If the file already exists then nothing will
+happen.
+
+You can also use the filecontents
package, which has the
+following advantages:
+
+
+•
+If the file already exists, then it will be overwritten.
+
+•
+You can use the filecontents
environment at any point after the
+declaration \usepackage{filecontents}
, not just before
+\documentclass
.
+
+•
+The filecontents
package also provides a filecontents*
+environment which is used in the same way as the filecontents
+environment except that it won&textrsquo;t insert any leading comment, so it is
+better suited to create files which aren&textrsquo;t in &latex; format.
+
+
+
+The filecontents
environment only creates the file, and is
+unrelated to using the created file. So you need to use, for
+instance, \input
or \usepackage
or \bibliography
+or whatever is applicable, to use the created file.
+
+This environment is also useful to make a self-contained document, for
+example, for a bug report, or to keep a .bib file with the main
+document.
+
+
+
+flushleft flushright filecontents Environments
flushleft
-flushleft environment
-left-justifying text, environment for
-ragged right text, environment for
+flushleft environment
+left-justifying text, environment for
+ragged right text, environment for
\begin{flushleft}
@@ -1708,7 +1779,7 @@ default 2.
\end{flushleft}
-\\ for flushleft
+\\ for flushleft
The flushleft
environment allows you to create a paragraph
consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged
right Each line must be terminated with the string \\
.
@@ -1720,10 +1791,10 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string \\
.
\raggedright flushleft
\raggedright
-\raggedright
-ragged right text
-left-justifying text
-justification, ragged right
+\raggedright
+ragged right text
+left-justifying text
+justification, ragged right
The \raggedright
declaration corresponds to the
flushleft
environment. This declaration can be used inside an
@@ -1740,9 +1811,9 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
flushright itemize flushleft Environments
flushright
-flushright environment
-ragged left text, environment for
-right-justifying text, environment for
+flushright environment
+ragged left text, environment for
+right-justifying text, environment for
\begin{flushright}
@@ -1752,7 +1823,7 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
\end{flushright}
-\\ (for flushright
)
+\\ (for flushright
)
The flushright
environment allows you to create a paragraph
consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged
left. Each line must be terminated with the string \\
.
@@ -1764,10 +1835,10 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string \\
.
\raggedleft flushright
\raggedleft
-\raggedleft
-ragged left text
-justification, ragged left
-right-justifying text
+\raggedleft
+ragged left text
+justification, ragged left
+right-justifying text
The \raggedleft
declaration corresponds to the
flushright
environment. This declaration can be used inside an
@@ -1784,11 +1855,11 @@ command that ends the paragraph unit.
itemize letter flushright Environments
itemize
-itemize environment
-\item
-lists of items
-unordered lists
-bulleted lists
+itemize environment
+\item
+lists of items
+unordered lists
+bulleted lists
Synopsis:
@@ -1817,10 +1888,10 @@ There must be at least one \item
command within the environment.
. (centered dot, rendered here as a period)
-\labelitemi
-\labelitemii
-\labelitemiii
-\labelitemiv
+\labelitemi
+\labelitemii
+\labelitemiii
+\labelitemiv
The itemize
environment uses the commands \labelitemi
through \labelitemiv
to produce the default label. So, you can
use \renewcommand
to change the labels. For instance, to have
@@ -1830,13 +1901,13 @@ the first level use diamonds:
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$}
-\leftmargin
-\leftmargini
-\leftmarginii
-\leftmarginiii
-\leftmarginiv
-\leftmarginv
-\leftmarginvi
+\leftmargin
+\leftmargini
+\leftmarginii
+\leftmarginiii
+\leftmarginiv
+\leftmarginv
+\leftmarginvi
The \leftmargini
through \leftmarginvi
parameters define
the distance between the left margin of the enclosing environment and
the left margin of the list. By convention, \leftmargin
is set
@@ -1855,20 +1926,20 @@ This example greatly reduces the margin space for outermost lists:
Some parameters that affect list formatting:
-\itemindent \itemindent
+\itemindent \itemindent
Extra indentation before each item in a list; default zero.
-\labelsep \labelsep
+\labelsep \labelsep
Space between the label and text of an item; default .5em.
-\labelwidth \labelwidth
+\labelwidth \labelwidth
Width of the label; default 2em, or 1.5em in two-column mode.
-\listparindent \listparindent
+\listparindent \listparindent
Extra indentation added to second and subsequent paragraphs within a
list item; default 0pt.
-\rightmargin \rightmargin
+\rightmargin \rightmargin
Horizontal distance between the right margin of the list and the
enclosing environment; default 0pt, except in the quote
,
quotation
, and verse
environments, where it is set equal
@@ -1880,23 +1951,23 @@ to \leftmargin
.
loose, by default).
-\itemsep \itemsep
+\itemsep \itemsep
Vertical space between items. The default is 2pt plus1pt
minus1pt
for 10pt
documents, 3pt plus2pt minus1pt
for
11pt
, and 4.5pt plus2pt minus1pt
for 12pt
.
-\parsep \parsep
+ \parsep \parsep
Extra vertical space between paragraphs within a list item. Defaults
are the same as \itemsep
.
-\topsep \topsep
+\topsep \topsep
Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph.
For top-level lists, the default is 8pt plus2pt minus4pt
for
10pt
documents, 9pt plus3pt minus5pt
for 11pt
,
and 10pt plus4pt minus6pt
for 12pt
. These are reduced
for nested lists.
-\partopsep \partopsep
+\partopsep \partopsep
Extra space added to \topsep
when the list environment starts a
paragraph. The default is 2pt plus1pt minus1pt
for 10pt
documents, 3pt plus1pt minus1pt
for 11pt
, and 3pt
@@ -1904,7 +1975,7 @@ plus2pt minus2pt
for 12pt
.
-\parskip example
+\parskip example
Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide
space between items. Here is an example defining an itemize*
environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs
@@ -1924,7 +1995,7 @@ within a single item (\parskip
is not list-specific,
letter list itemize Environments
letter
environment: writing letters
-letter
+letter
This environment is used for creating letters. Letters .
@@ -1932,8 +2003,8 @@ within a single item (\parskip
is not list-specific,
list math letter Environments
list
-list
-lists of items, generic
+list
+lists of items, generic
The list
environment is a generic environment which is used for
defining many of the more specific environments. It is seldom used in
@@ -1964,8 +2035,8 @@ empty, i.e., {}
, which leaves the default spacing.
math minipage list Environments
math
-math environment
-in-line formulas
+math environment
+in-line formulas
Synopsis:
@@ -1984,8 +2055,8 @@ running text. \(...\))
and $...$
are synonyms.
minipage picture math Environments
minipage
-minipage environment
-minipage, creating a
+minipage environment
+minipage, creating a
\begin{minipage}[position][height][inner-pos]{width}
@@ -2001,15 +2072,15 @@ other paragraph-making environments can be used inside a minipage.
The arguments are the same as for \parbox
(\parbox ).
-indentation of paragraphs, in minipage
-paragraph indentation, in minipage
-\parindent
+indentation of paragraphs, in minipage
+paragraph indentation, in minipage
+\parindent
By default, paragraphs are not indented in the minipage
environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as
\setlength{\parindent}{1pc}
command.
-footnotes in figures
-figures, footnotes in
+footnotes in figures
+figures, footnotes in
Footnotes in a minipage
environment are handled in a way that is
particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables. A
\footnote
or \footnotetext
command puts the footnote at
@@ -2025,9 +2096,9 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
picture quotation minipage Environments
picture
-picture
-creating pictures
-pictures, creating
+picture
+creating pictures
+pictures, creating
\begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset)
@@ -2035,7 +2106,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.
\end{picture}
-\unitlength
+\unitlength
The picture
environment allows you to create just about any
kind of picture you want containing text, lines, arrows and circles.
You tell &latex; where to put things in the picture by specifying
@@ -2099,7 +2170,7 @@ command. The command
picture, with its reference point at coordinates .
The reference points for various objects will be described below.
-lR box
+lR box
The \put
command creates an LR box. You can put anything
that can go in an \mbox
(\mbox ) in the text argument of
the \put
command. When you do this, the reference point will
@@ -2127,7 +2198,7 @@ be the lower left corner of the box.
\circle \makebox (picture) picture
\circle
-\circle
+\circle
\circle[*]{diameter}
@@ -2143,7 +2214,7 @@ draws a solid circle.
\makebox (picture) \framebox (picture) \circle picture
\makebox
-\makebox (picture)
+\makebox (picture)
\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}
@@ -2175,7 +2246,7 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
\framebox (picture) \dashbox \makebox (picture) picture
\framebox
-\framebox
+\framebox
Synopsis:
@@ -2187,8 +2258,8 @@ your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:
section), except that it puts a frame around the outside of the box
that it creates.
-\fboxrule
-\fboxsep
+\fboxrule
+\fboxsep
The \framebox
command produces a rule of thickness
\fboxrule
, and leaves a space \fboxsep
between the rule
and the contents of the box.
@@ -2198,7 +2269,7 @@ and the contents of the box.
\dashbox \frame \framebox (picture) picture
\dashbox
-\dashbox
+\dashbox
Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis:
@@ -2218,7 +2289,7 @@ multiples of the dlen
.
\frame \line \dashbox picture
\frame
-\frame
+\frame
Synopsis:
@@ -2234,7 +2305,7 @@ space is put between the frame and the object.
\line \linethickness \frame picture
\line
-\line
+\line
Synopsis:
@@ -2254,7 +2325,7 @@ see the curve2e
and many many other packages on CTAN.
\linethickness \thicklines \line picture
\linethickness
-\linethickness
+\linethickness
The \linethickness{dim}
command declares the thickness
of horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment to be
@@ -2267,7 +2338,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by \oval
.
\thicklines \thinlines \linethickness picture
\thicklines
-\thicklines
+\thicklines
The \thicklines
command is an alternate line thickness for
horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment;
@@ -2277,7 +2348,7 @@ cf. \linethickness
\thinlines \multiput \thicklines picture
\thinlines
-\thinlines
+\thinlines
The \thinlines
command is the default line thickness for
horizontal and vertical lines in a picture environment;
@@ -2287,7 +2358,7 @@ cf. \linethickness
\multiput \oval \thinlines picture
\multiput
-\multiput
+\multiput
Synopsis:
@@ -2303,7 +2374,7 @@ pattern across a picture. obj is first placed at position
\oval \put \multiput picture
\oval
-\oval
+\oval
Synopsis:
@@ -2335,7 +2406,7 @@ boxes with rounded corners.
\put \shortstack \oval picture
\put
-\put
+\put
\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }
@@ -2346,7 +2417,7 @@ argument at the given coordinates.
\shortstack \vector \put picture
\shortstack
-\shortstack
+\shortstack
Synopsis:
@@ -2366,14 +2437,14 @@ positions are:
Move the objects to the centre of the stack (default)
-\\ (for \shortstack
objects)
+\\ (for \shortstack
objects)
Objects are separated with \\
.
\vector \shortstack picture
\vector
-\vector
+\vector
Synopsis:
@@ -2391,10 +2462,10 @@ length and slope. The and values must lie between
quotation quote picture Environments
quotation
-quotation
-quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying
-displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation
-paragraph indentations in quoted text
+quotation
+quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying
+displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation
+paragraph indentations in quoted text
Synopsis:
@@ -2416,10 +2487,10 @@ normally.
quote tabbing quotation Environments
quote
-quote
-quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying
-displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation
-paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting
+quote
+quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying
+displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation
+paragraph indentations in quoted text, omitting
Snyopsis:
@@ -2440,10 +2511,10 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.
tabbing table quote Environments
tabbing
-tabbing environment
-tab stops, using
-lining text up using tab stops
-alignment via tabbing
+tabbing environment
+tab stops, using
+lining text up using tab stops
+alignment via tabbing
Synopsis:
@@ -2466,37 +2537,37 @@ environment.
The following commands can be used inside a tabbing
enviroment:
-\\ (tabbing) \\ (tabbing)
+\\ (tabbing) \\ (tabbing)
End a line.
-\= (tabbing) \= (tabbing)
+\= (tabbing) \= (tabbing)
Sets a tab stop at the current position.
-\> (tabbing) \> (tabbing)
-\>
+\> (tabbing) \> (tabbing)
+\>
Advances to the next tab stop.
-\< \<
+\< \<
Put following text to the left of the local margin (without changing
the margin). Can only be used at the start of the line.
-\+ \+
+\+ \+
Moves the left margin of the next and all the
following commands one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if
necessary.
-\- \-
+\- \-
Moves the left margin of the next and all the
following commands one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if
necessary.
-\&textrsquo; (tabbing) \' (tabbing)
+\&textrsquo; (tabbing) \' (tabbing)
Moves everything that you have typed so far in the
current column, i.e. everything from the most recent \>
,
\<
, \'
, \\
, or \kill
command, to the right
of the previous column, flush against the current column&textrsquo;s tab stop.
-\&textlsquo; (tabbing) \` (tabbing)
+\&textlsquo; (tabbing) \` (tabbing)
Allows you to put text flush right against any tab stop, including tab
stop 0. However, it can&textrsquo;t move text to the right of the last column
because there&textrsquo;s no tab stop there. The \`
command moves all the
@@ -2505,29 +2576,29 @@ command that ends the line, to the right margin of the tabbing
environment. There must be no \>
or \'
command between
the \`
and the command that ends the line.
-\a (tabbing) \a (tabbing)
-\a&textrsquo; (acute accent in tabbing)
-\a&textlsquo; (grave accent in tabbing)
-\a= (macron accent in tabbing)
+\a (tabbing) \a (tabbing)
+\a&textrsquo; (acute accent in tabbing)
+\a&textlsquo; (grave accent in tabbing)
+\a= (macron accent in tabbing)
In a tabbing
environment, the commands \=
, \'
and
\`
do not produce accents as usual (Accents ). Instead,
the commands \a=
, \a'
and \a`
are used.
-\kill \kill
+\kill \kill
Sets tab stops without producing text. Works just like \\
except that it throws away the current line instead of producing
output for it. The effect of any \=
, \+
or \-
commands in that line remain in effect.
-\poptabs \poptabs
-\poptabs
+\poptabs \poptabs
+\poptabs
Restores the tab stop positions saved by the last \pushtabs
.
-\pushtabs \pushtabs
+\pushtabs \pushtabs
Saves all current tab stop positions. Useful for temporarily changing
tab stop positions in the middle of a tabbing
environment.
-\tabbingsep \tabbingsep
+\tabbingsep \tabbingsep
Distance to left of tab stop moved by \'
.
@@ -2551,9 +2622,9 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\
table tabular tabbing Environments
table
-table
-tables, creating
-creating tables
+table
+tables, creating
+creating tables
Synopsis:
@@ -2585,9 +2656,9 @@ you wish. The \caption
command allows you to title your table.
tabular thebibliography table Environments
tabular
-tabular environment
-lines in tables
-lining text up in tables
+tabular environment
+lines in tables
+lining text up in tables
Synopsis:
@@ -2611,7 +2682,7 @@ column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\
These environments produce a box consisting of a sequence of rows of
items, aligned vertically in columns.
-\\ for tabular
+\\ for tabular
\\
must be used to specify the end of each row of the table,
except for the last, where it is optional&textmdash;unless an \hline
command (to put a rule below the table) follows.
@@ -2664,7 +2735,7 @@ column, you have to load the array
package and use the
>{...}
specifier.
-\extracolsep
+\extracolsep
An \extracolsep{wd}
command in an &arobase;-expression causes an
extra space of width wd
to appear to the left of all subsequent
columns, until countermanded by another \extracolsep
command.
@@ -2701,20 +2772,20 @@ which may contain another *-expression
.
-\arrayrulewidth \arrayrulewidth
+\arrayrulewidth \arrayrulewidth
Thickness of the rule created by |
, \hline
, and
\vline
in the tabular
and array
environments; the
default is .4pt.
-\arraystretch \arraystretch
+\arraystretch \arraystretch
Scaling of spacing between rows in the tabular
and array
environments; default is 1, for no scaling.
-\doublerulesep \doublerulesep
+\doublerulesep \doublerulesep
Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by ||
in the tabular
and array
environments; default is 2pt.
-\tabcolsep \tabcolsep
+\tabcolsep \tabcolsep
Half the width of the space between columns; default is 6pt.
@@ -2732,7 +2803,7 @@ environment:
\multicolumn \cline tabular
\multicolumn
-\multicolumn
+\multicolumn
Synopsis:
@@ -2762,7 +2833,7 @@ for flushleft, r
for flushright. The third mandatory argument,
\cline \hline \multicolumn tabular
\cline
-\cline
+\cline
Synopsis:
@@ -2778,7 +2849,7 @@ which are specified in the mandatory argument.
\hline \vline \cline tabular
\hline
-\hline
+\hline
The \hline
command draws a horizontal line the width of the
enclosing tabular
or array
environment. It&textrsquo;s most
@@ -2789,7 +2860,7 @@ of a table.
\vline \hline tabular
\vline
-\vline
+\vline
The \vline
command will draw a vertical line extending the full
height and depth of its row. An \hfill
command can be used to
@@ -2802,8 +2873,8 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an
thebibliography theorem tabular Environments
thebibliography
-thebibliography
-bibliography, creating (manually)
+thebibliography
+bibliography, creating (manually)
Synopsis:
@@ -2843,7 +2914,7 @@ less than 10 references, 99
for ones with less than 100, etc.
\bibitem \cite thebibliography
\bibitem
-\bibitem
+\bibitem
Synopsis:
@@ -2868,7 +2939,7 @@ associated label.
\cite \nocite \bibitem thebibliography
\cite
-\cite
+\cite
Synopsis:
@@ -2889,7 +2960,7 @@ citation. For example, \cite[p.~314]{knuth}
might pr
\nocite Using BibTeX \cite thebibliography
\nocite
-\nocite
+\nocite
\nocite{key_list}
@@ -2901,11 +2972,11 @@ which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the .aux file.
Using BibTeX \nocite thebibliography
Using Bib&tex;
-using Bib&tex;
-bib&tex;, using
-bibliography, creating (automatically)
-\bibliographystyle
-\bibliography
+using Bib&tex;
+bib&tex;, using
+bibliography, creating (automatically)
+\bibliographystyle
+\bibliography
If you use the Bib&tex; program by Oren Patashnik (highly
recommended if you need a bibliography of more than a couple of
@@ -2952,8 +3023,8 @@ Bib&tex; format. Only the entries referred to via \cite
and
theorem titlepage thebibliography Environments
theorem
-theorem environment
-theorems, typesetting
+theorem environment
+theorems, typesetting
Synopsis:
@@ -2973,9 +3044,9 @@ possibilities for n are described under \newtheorem
titlepage verbatim theorem Environments
titlepage
-titlepage environment
-making a title page
-title pages, creating
+titlepage environment
+making a title page
+title pages, creating
Synopsis:
@@ -2999,12 +3070,12 @@ produce a standard title page without a titlepage
environment.
verbatim verse titlepage Environments
verbatim
-verbatim environment
-verbatim text
-simulating typed text
-typed text, simulating
-code, typesetting
-computer programs, typesetting
+verbatim environment
+verbatim text
+simulating typed text
+typed text, simulating
+code, typesetting
+computer programs, typesetting
Synopsis:
@@ -3029,8 +3100,8 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter.
\verb verbatim
\verb
-\verb
-verbatim text, inline
+\verb
+verbatim text, inline
Synopsis:
@@ -3045,7 +3116,7 @@ including special characters and spaces, using the typewriter
\verb*
and the delimiter char, which begins and ends the
verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in literal-text.
-visible space
+visible space
The *
-form differs only in that spaces are printed with a
&textldquo;visible space&textrdquo; character.
@@ -3058,8 +3129,8 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in literal-text.
verse verbatim Environments
verse
-verse environment
-poetry, an environment for
+verse environment
+poetry, an environment for
Synopsis:
@@ -3074,7 +3145,7 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in literal-text.
The verse
environment is designed for poetry, though you may find
other uses for it.
-\\ for verse
+\\ for verse
The margins are indented on the left and the right, paragraphs are not
indented, and the text is not justified. Separate the lines of each
stanza with \\
, and use one or more blank lines to separate the
@@ -3085,8 +3156,8 @@ stanzas.
Line breaking Page breaking Environments Top
Line breaking
-line breaking
-breaking lines
+line breaking
+breaking lines
The first thing &latex; does when processing ordinary text is to
translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To
@@ -3111,9 +3182,9 @@ some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the
\\ \obeycr & \restorecr Line breaking
\\
[*][morespace]
-\\ force line break
-new line, starting
-line break, forcing
+\\ force line break
+new line, starting
+line break, forcing
The \\
command tells &latex; to start a new line. It has an
optional argument, morespace, that specifies how much extra
@@ -3127,9 +3198,9 @@ except that it tells &latex; not to start a new page after the line.
\obeycr & \restorecr \newline \\ Line breaking
\obeycr
& \restorecr
-\obeycr
-\restorecr
-new line, output as input
+\obeycr
+\restorecr
+new line, output as input
The \obeycr
command makes a return in the input file
(^^M, internally) the same as \\
(followed by
@@ -3142,8 +3213,8 @@ in the output.
\newline \- (hyphenation) \obeycr & \restorecr Line breaking
\newline
-\newline
-new line, starting (paragraph mode)
+\newline
+new line, starting (paragraph mode)
The \newline
command breaks the line at the present point, with
no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph
@@ -3153,8 +3224,8 @@ mode.
\- (hyphenation) \fussy \newline Line breaking
\-
(discretionary hyphen)
-\- (hyphenation)
-hyphenation, forcing
+\- (hyphenation)
+hyphenation, forcing
The \-
command tells &latex; that it may hyphenate the word at
that point. &latex; is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually
@@ -3171,7 +3242,7 @@ that &latex; might otherwise have chosen.
\fussy \sloppy \- (hyphenation) Line breaking
\fussy
-\fussy
+\fussy
The declaration \fussy
(which is the default) makes &tex;
picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between
@@ -3195,8 +3266,8 @@ interword spacing.
\hyphenation \linebreak & \nolinebreak \sloppy Line breaking
\hyphenation
-\hyphenation
-hyphenation, defining
+\hyphenation
+hyphenation, defining
Synopsis:
@@ -3219,10 +3290,10 @@ misses the hyphenations in these words):
\linebreak & \nolinebreak \hyphenation Line breaking
\linebreak
& \nolinebreak
-\linebreak
-\nolinebreak
-line breaks, forcing
-line breaks, preventing
+\linebreak
+\nolinebreak
+line breaks, forcing
+line breaks, preventing
Synopses:
@@ -3245,8 +3316,8 @@ from a demand to a request. The priority must be a number from
Page breaking Footnotes Line breaking Top
Page breaking
-page breaking
-breaking pages
+page breaking
+breaking pages
&latex; starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has
accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically,
@@ -3264,8 +3335,8 @@ but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.
\cleardoublepage \clearpage Page breaking
\cleardoublepage
-\cleardoublepage
-starting on a right-hand page
+\cleardoublepage
+starting on a right-hand page
The \cleardoublepage
command ends the current page and causes all
figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
@@ -3276,9 +3347,9 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand
\clearpage \newpage \cleardoublepage Page breaking
\clearpage
-\clearpage
-flushing floats and starting a page
-starting a new page and clearing floats
+\clearpage
+flushing floats and starting a page
+starting a new page and clearing floats
The \clearpage
command ends the current page and causes all
figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
@@ -3287,9 +3358,9 @@ figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
\newpage \enlargethispage \clearpage Page breaking
\newpage
-\newpage
-new page, starting
-starting a new page
+\newpage
+new page, starting
+starting a new page
The \newpage
command ends the current page, but does not clear
floats (see \clearpage
above).
@@ -3298,8 +3369,8 @@ floats (see \clearpage
above).
\enlargethispage \pagebreak & \nopagebreak \newpage Page breaking
\enlargethispage
-\enlargethispage
-enlarge current page
+\enlargethispage
+enlarge current page
\enlargethispage{size}
@@ -3317,10 +3388,10 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit
\pagebreak & \nopagebreak \enlargethispage Page breaking
\pagebreak
& \nopagebreak
-\pagebreak
-\nopagebreak
-page break, forcing
-page break, preventing
+\pagebreak
+\nopagebreak
+page break, forcing
+page break, preventing
Synopses:
@@ -3344,7 +3415,7 @@ insistent the request is.
Footnotes Definitions Page breaking Top
Footnotes
-footnotes, creating
+footnotes, creating
Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced
with one command, the \footnote
command. They can also be
@@ -3362,7 +3433,7 @@ produced with two commands, the \footnotemark
and the
\footnote \footnotemark Footnotes
\footnote
-\footnote
+\footnote
Synopsis:
@@ -3383,7 +3454,7 @@ tables or in a tabular
environment. (See following sections.)
\footnotemark \footnotetext \footnote Footnotes
\footnotemark
-\footnotemark
+\footnotemark
With no optional argument, the \footnotemark
command puts the
current footnote number in the text. This command can be used in
@@ -3404,7 +3475,7 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with
\footnotetext Symbolic footnotes \footnotemark Footnotes
\footnotetext
-\footnotetext
+\footnotetext
Synopsis:
@@ -3424,7 +3495,7 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode.
Symbolic footnotes Footnote parameters \footnotetext Footnotes
Symbolic footnotes
-footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered
+footnotes, symbolic instead of numbered
If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing
numbers, redefine \thefootnote
like this:
@@ -3432,8 +3503,8 @@ numbers, redefine \thefootnote
like this:
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
-\fnsymbol, and footnotes
-\&arobase;fnsymbol
+\fnsymbol, and footnotes
+\&arobase;fnsymbol
The \fnsymbol
command produces a predefined series of symbols
(\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol ). If you want to
use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you&textrsquo;ll need to also
@@ -3444,17 +3515,17 @@ redefine \&arobase;fnsymbol
.
Footnote parameters Symbolic footnotes Footnotes
Footnote parameters
-footnote parameters
-parameters, for footnotes
+footnote parameters
+parameters, for footnotes
-\footnoterule \footnoterule
+\footnoterule \footnoterule
Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page&textrsquo;s
footnotes. Default dimensions: 0.4pt
thick (or wide), and
0.4\columnwidth
long in the standard document classes (except
slides, where it does not appear).
-\footnotesep \footnotesep
+\footnotesep \footnotesep
The height of the strut placed at the beginning of the footnote. By
default, this is set to the normal strut for \footnotesize
fonts (Font sizes ), therefore there is no extra space between
@@ -3468,7 +3539,7 @@ footnotes. This is 6.65pt for 10pt, 7.7pt
Definitions Counters Footnotes Top
Definitions
-definitions
+definitions
&latex; has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
@@ -3488,10 +3559,10 @@ footnotes. This is 6.65pt for 10pt, 7.7pt\newcommand & \renewcommand \newcounter Definitions
\newcommand
& \renewcommand
-\newcommand
-commands, defining new ones
-defining a new command
-new commands, defining
+\newcommand
+commands, defining new ones
+defining a new command
+new commands, defining
\newcommand
and \renewcommand
define and redefine a
command, respectively. Synopses:
@@ -3503,7 +3574,7 @@ command, respectively. Synopses:
*
-*-form of defining new commands
+*-form of defining new commands
The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments not contain
multiple paragraphs of text (not \long
, in plain &tex; terms).
@@ -3536,8 +3607,8 @@ text of the nth argument.
\newcounter \newlength \newcommand & \renewcommand Definitions
\newcounter
-\newcounter
-counters, defining new
+\newcounter
+counters, defining new
Synopsis:
@@ -3557,8 +3628,8 @@ will be reset whenever countername is incremented.
\newlength \newsavebox \newcounter Definitions
\newlength
-\newlength
-lengths, defining new
+\newlength
+lengths, defining new
Synopsis:
@@ -3578,7 +3649,7 @@ for more information about lengths in general.
\newsavebox \newenvironment & \renewenvironment \newlength Definitions
\newsavebox
-\newsavebox
+\newsavebox
Synopsis:
@@ -3593,11 +3664,11 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
\newenvironment & \renewenvironment \newtheorem \newsavebox Definitions
\newenvironment
& \renewenvironment
-\newenvironment
-\renewenvironment
-environments, defining
-defining new environments
-redefining environments
+\newenvironment
+\renewenvironment
+environments, defining
+defining new environments
+redefining environments
Synopses:
@@ -3611,7 +3682,7 @@ defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
*
-*-form of environment commands
+*-form of environment commands
The *-form of these commands requires that the arguments (not the
contents of the environment) not contain multiple paragraphs of text.
@@ -3644,9 +3715,9 @@ may not contain any argument parameters.
\newtheorem \newfont \newenvironment & \renewenvironment Definitions
\newtheorem
-\newtheorem
-theorems, defining
-defining new theorems
+\newtheorem
+theorems, defining
+defining new theorems
\newtheorem{newenv}{label}[within]
@@ -3682,9 +3753,9 @@ not both.
\newfont \protect \newtheorem Definitions
\newfont
-\newfont
-fonts, new commands for
-defining new fonts
+\newfont
+fonts, new commands for
+defining new fonts
Synopsis:
@@ -3703,10 +3774,10 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through .fd files.
\protect \newfont Definitions
\protect
-\protect
+\protect
-fragile commands
-moving arguments
+fragile commands
+moving arguments
Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and
many more are so-called fragile commands. When a fragile
command is used in certain contexts, called moving arguments, it
@@ -3718,7 +3789,7 @@ commands within the arguments must have their own \protect
.
&hyphenbreak;expressions in tabular
and array
environments
(tabular ).
-robust commands
+robust commands
Commands which are not fragile are called robust. They must not
be preceded by \protect
.
@@ -3736,8 +3807,8 @@ be preceded by \protect
.
Counters Lengths Definitions Top
Counters
-counters, a list of
-variables, a list of
+counters, a list of
+variables, a list of
Everything &latex; numbers for you has a counter associated with
it. The name of the counter is the same as the name of the environment
@@ -3773,22 +3844,22 @@ subsubsection
instance, \alph{enumi}
.
-\alph \alph
+\alph \alph
prints counter using lowercase letters: &textlsquo;a&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;b&textrsquo;, &enddots;
-\Alph \Alph
+ \Alph \Alph
uses uppercase letters: &textlsquo;A&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;B&textrsquo;, &enddots;
-\arabic \arabic
+\arabic \arabic
uses Arabic numbers: &textlsquo;1&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;2&textrsquo;, &enddots;
-\roman \roman
+\roman \roman
uses lowercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;i&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;ii&textrsquo;, &enddots;
-\roman \roman
+\roman \roman
uses uppercase roman numerals: &textlsquo;I&textrsquo;, &textlsquo;II&textrsquo;, &enddots;
-\fnsymbol \fnsymbol
+\fnsymbol \fnsymbol
prints the value of counter in a specific sequence of nine
symbols (conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of
counter must be between 1 and 9, inclusive.
@@ -3800,8 +3871,8 @@ $\ast\ast$ $\dagger\dagger$ $\ddagger\ddagger$
The symbols mostly aren&textrsquo;t supported in Info, but here are the names:
-asterix(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
-double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
+asterisk(*) dagger ddagger section-sign paragraph-sign parallel
+double-asterisk(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
@@ -3810,9 +3881,9 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger
\usecounter \value \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol Counters
\usecounter{counter}
-\usecounter
-list items, specifying counter
-numbered items, specifying counter
+\usecounter
+list items, specifying counter
+numbered items, specifying counter
Synopsis:
@@ -3828,8 +3899,8 @@ the list items.
\value \setcounter \usecounter Counters
\value{counter}
-\value
-counters, getting value of
+\value
+counters, getting value of
Synopsis:
@@ -3850,9 +3921,9 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example:
\setcounter \addtocounter \value Counters
\setcounter{counter}{value}
-\setcounter
-counters, setting
-setting counters
+\setcounter
+counters, setting
+setting counters
Synopsis:
@@ -3867,7 +3938,7 @@ be used anywhere &latex; expects a number, for example:
\addtocounter \refstepcounter \setcounter Counters
\addtocounter{counter}{value}
-\addtocounter
+\addtocounter
The \addtocounter
command increments counter by the
amount specified by the value argument, which may be negative.
@@ -3876,7 +3947,7 @@ amount specified by the value argument, which may be negative.
\refstepcounter \stepcounter \addtocounter Counters
\refstepcounter{counter}
-\refstepcounter
+\refstepcounter
The \refstepcounter
command works in the same way as
\stepcounter
\stepcounter , except it also defines the
@@ -3886,7 +3957,7 @@ current \ref
value to be the result of \thecounter
.
\stepcounter \day \month \year \refstepcounter Counters
\stepcounter{counter}
-\stepcounter
+\stepcounter
The \stepcounter
command adds one to counter and
resets all subsidiary counters.
@@ -3895,9 +3966,9 @@ resets all subsidiary counters.
\day \month \year \stepcounter Counters
\day \month \year
: Predefined counters
-\day
-\month
-\year
+\day
+\month
+\year
&latex; defines counters for the day of the month (\day
,
1&textndash;31), month of the year (\month
, 1&textndash;12), and year
@@ -3913,7 +3984,7 @@ current day (\today
Lengths Making paragraphs Counters Top
Lengths
-lengths, defining and using
+lengths, defining and using
A length
is a measure of distance. Many &latex; commands take a
length as an argument.
@@ -3930,8 +4001,8 @@ length as an argument.
\setlength \addtolength Lengths
\setlength{\len}{value}
-\setlength
-lengths, setting
+\setlength
+lengths, setting
The \setlength
sets the value of \len to the value
argument, which can be expressed in any units that &latex;
@@ -3942,8 +4013,8 @@ understands, i.e., inches (in
), millimeters (mm
), poin
\addtolength \settodepth \setlength Lengths
\addtolength{\len}{amount}
-\addtolength
-lengths, adding to
+\addtolength
+lengths, adding to
The \addtolength
command increments a &textldquo;length command&textrdquo;
\len by the amount specified in the amount argument, which
@@ -3953,7 +4024,7 @@ may be negative.
\settodepth \settoheight \addtolength Lengths
\settodepth
-\settodepth
+\settodepth
\settodepth{\gnat}{text}
@@ -3964,7 +4035,7 @@ equal to the depth of the text
argument.
\settoheight \settowidth \settodepth Lengths
\settoheight
-\settoheight
+\settoheight
\settoheight{\gnat}{text}
@@ -3976,7 +4047,7 @@ equal to the height of the text
argument.
\settowidth Predefined lengths \settoheight Lengths
\settowidth{\len}{text}
-\settowidth
+\settowidth
The \settowidth
command sets the value of the command \len
to the width of the text argument.
@@ -3985,20 +4056,20 @@ to the width of the text argument.
Predefined lengths \settowidth Lengths
Predefined lengths
-lengths, predefined
-predefined lengths
+lengths, predefined
+predefined lengths
\width
-\width
+\width
\height
-\height
+\height
\depth
-\depth
+\depth
\totalheight
-\totalheight
+\totalheight
These length parameters can be used in the arguments of the box-making
commands (Boxes ). They specify the natural width, etc., of
@@ -4013,8 +4084,8 @@ natural size, e.g., say
Making paragraphs Math formulas Lengths Top
Making paragraphs
-making paragraphs
-paragraphs
+making paragraphs
+paragraphs
A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines&textmdash;lines not
containing even a %
. A blank line should not appear where a new
@@ -4031,9 +4102,9 @@ a sectioning command.
\indent \noindent Making paragraphs
\indent
-\indent
-\parindent
-indent, forcing
+\indent
+\parindent
+indent, forcing
\indent
produces a horizontal space whose width equals the
width of the \parindent
length, the normal paragraph
@@ -4048,8 +4119,8 @@ mode, otherwise 15pt
for 10pt
documents, 17pt
\noindent \parskip \indent Making paragraphs
\noindent
-\noindent
-indent, suppressing
+\noindent
+indent, suppressing
When used at the beginning of the paragraph, \noindent
suppresses any paragraph indentation. It has no effect when used in
@@ -4059,8 +4130,8 @@ the middle of a paragraph.
\parskip Marginal notes \noindent Making paragraphs
\parskip
-\parskip
-vertical space before paragraphs
+\parskip
+vertical space before paragraphs
\parskip
is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added
before each paragraph. The default is 0pt plus1pt
.
@@ -4069,10 +4140,10 @@ before each paragraph. The default is 0pt plus1pt
.
Marginal notes \parskip Making paragraphs
Marginal notes
-marginal notes
-notes in the margin
-remarks in the margin
-\marginpar
+marginal notes
+notes in the margin
+remarks in the margin
+\marginpar
Synopsis:
@@ -4096,8 +4167,8 @@ will be placed
in the nearest margin for two-column layout.
-\reversemarginpar
-\normalmarginpar
+\reversemarginpar
+\normalmarginpar
The command \reversemarginpar
places subsequent marginal notes
in the opposite (inside) margin. \normalmarginpar
places them
in the default position.
@@ -4111,15 +4182,15 @@ hyphenation there by beginning the node with \hspace{0pt}These parameters affect the formatting of the note:
-\marginparpush \marginparpush
+\marginparpush \marginparpush
Minimum vertical space between notes; default 7pt for
12pt documents, 5pt else.
-\marginparsep \marginparsep
+\marginparsep \marginparsep
Horizontal space between the main text and the note; default
11pt for 10pt documents, 10pt else.
-\marginparwidth \marginparwidth
+\marginparwidth \marginparwidth
Width of the note itself; default for a one-sided 10pt document
is 90pt, 83pt for 11pt, and 68pt for
12pt; 17pt more in each case for a two-sided document.
@@ -4138,13 +4209,13 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
Math formulas Modes Making paragraphs Top
Math formulas
-math formulas
-formulas, math
-math mode, entering
+math formulas
+formulas, math
+math mode, entering
-math environment
-displaymath environment
-equation environment
+math environment
+displaymath environment
+equation environment
There are three environments that put &latex; in math mode:
@@ -4157,10 +4228,10 @@ notes from falling off the bottom of the page.
number in the right margin.
-\(
-\)
-\[
-\]
+\(
+\)
+\[
+\]
The math
environment can be used in both paragraph and LR mode,
but the displaymath
and equation
environments can be used
only in paragraph mode. The math
and displaymath
@@ -4171,7 +4242,7 @@ environments are used so often that they have the following short forms:
\[...\] instead of \begin{displaymath}...\end{displaymath}
-$
+$
In fact, the math
environment is so common that it has an even
shorter form:
@@ -4179,15 +4250,15 @@ shorter form:
$ ... $ instead of \(...\)
-\boldmath
-\unboldmath
+\boldmath
+\unboldmath
The \boldmath
command changes math letters and symbols to be in
a bold font. It is used outside of math mode. Conversely, the
\unboldmath
command changes math glyphs to be in a normal font;
it too is used outside of math mode.
-\displaystyle
+\displaystyle
The \displaystyle
declaration forces the size and style of the
formula to be that of displaymath
, e.g., with limits above and
below summations. For example
@@ -4209,11 +4280,11 @@ below summations. For example
Subscripts & superscripts Math symbols Math formulas
Subscripts & superscripts
-superscript
-subscript
-exponent
-_
-^
+superscript
+subscript
+exponent
+_
+^
To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type
_{
exp}
. To get exp to appear as a
@@ -4226,9 +4297,9 @@ superscript.
Math symbols Math functions Subscripts & superscripts Math formulas
Math symbols
-math symbols
-symbols, math
-greek letters
+math symbols
+symbols, math
+greek letters
&latex; provides almost any mathematical symbol you&textrsquo;re likely to
need. The commands for generating them can be used only in math mode.
@@ -4236,635 +4307,635 @@ For example, if you include $\pi$
in your source, you will get
the pi symbol () in your output.
-\| \|
+\| \|
-\aleph \aleph
+\aleph \aleph
-\alpha \alpha
+\alpha \alpha
-\amalg \amalg
+\amalg \amalg
(binary operation)
-\angle \angle
+\angle \angle
-\approx \approx
+\approx \approx
(relation)
-\ast \ast
+\ast \ast
(binary operation)
-\asymp \asymp
+\asymp \asymp
(relation)
-\backslash \backslash
+\backslash \backslash
\ (delimiter)
-\beta \beta
+\beta \beta
-\bigcap \bigcap
+\bigcap \bigcap
-\bigcirc \bigcirc
+\bigcirc \bigcirc
(binary operation)
-\bigcup \bigcup
+\bigcup \bigcup
-\bigodot \bigodot
+\bigodot \bigodot
-\bigoplus \bigoplus
+\bigoplus \bigoplus
-\bigotimes \bigotimes
+\bigotimes \bigotimes
-\bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown
+\bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown
(binary operation)
-\bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup
+\bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup
(binary operation)
-\bigsqcup \bigsqcup
+\bigsqcup \bigsqcup
-\biguplus \biguplus
+\biguplus \biguplus
-\bigcap \bigcap
+\bigcap \bigcap
-\bigwedge \bigwedge
+\bigwedge \bigwedge
-\bot \bot
+\bot \bot
-\bowtie \bowtie
+\bowtie \bowtie
(relation)
-\Box \Box
+\Box \Box
(square open box symbol)
-\bullet \bullet
-bullet symbol
+\bullet \bullet
+bullet symbol
(binary operation)
-\cap \cap
+\cap \cap
(binary operation)
-\cdot \cdot
+\cdot \cdot
(binary operation)
-\chi \chi
+\chi \chi
-\circ \circ
+\circ \circ
(binary operation)
-\clubsuit \clubsuit
+\clubsuit \clubsuit
-\cong \cong
+\cong \cong
(relation)
-\coprod \coprod
+\coprod \coprod
-\cup \cup
+\cup \cup
(binary operation)
-\dagger \dagger
+\dagger \dagger
(binary operation)
-\dashv \dashv
+\dashv \dashv
(relation)
-\ddagger \ddagger
+\ddagger \ddagger
(binary operation)
-\Delta \Delta
+\Delta \Delta
-\delta \delta
+\delta \delta
-\Diamond \Diamond
+\Diamond \Diamond
bigger
-\diamond \diamond
+\diamond \diamond
(binary operation)
-\diamondsuit \diamondsuit
+\diamondsuit \diamondsuit
-\div \div
+\div \div
(binary operation)
-\doteq \doteq
+\doteq \doteq
(relation)
-\downarrow \downarrow
+\downarrow \downarrow
(delimiter)
-\Downarrow \Downarrow
+\Downarrow \Downarrow
(delimiter)
-\ell \ell
+\ell \ell
-\emptyset \emptyset
+\emptyset \emptyset
-\epsilon \epsilon
+\epsilon \epsilon
-\equiv \equiv
+\equiv \equiv
(relation)
-\eta \eta
+\eta \eta
-\exists \exists
+\exists \exists
-\flat \flat
+\flat \flat
-\forall \forall
+\forall \forall
-\frown \frown
+\frown \frown
(relation)
-\Gamma \Gamma
+\Gamma \Gamma
-\gamma \gamma
+\gamma \gamma
-\ge \ge
+\ge \ge
-\geq \geq
+\geq \geq
(relation)
-\gets \gets
+\gets \gets
-\gg \gg
+\gg \gg
(relation)
-\hbar \hbar
+\hbar \hbar
-\heartsuit \heartsuit
+\heartsuit \heartsuit
-\hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow
+\hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow
-\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow
+\hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow
-\iff \iff
+\iff \iff
-\Im \Im
+\Im \Im
-\in \in
+\in \in
(relation)
-\infty \infty
+\infty \infty
-\int \int
+\int \int
-\iota \iota
+\iota \iota
-\Join \Join
+\Join \Join
condensed bowtie symbol (relation)
-\kappa \kappa
+\kappa \kappa
-\Lambda \Lambda
+\Lambda \Lambda
-\lambda \lambda
+\lambda \lambda
-\land \land
+\land \land
-\langle \langle
+\langle \langle
(delimiter)
-\lbrace \lbrace
+\lbrace \lbrace
(delimiter)
-\lbrack \lbrack
+\lbrack \lbrack
(delimiter)
-\lceil \lceil
+\lceil \lceil
(delimiter)
-\le \le
+\le \le
-\leadsto \leadsto
+\leadsto \leadsto
- \Leftarrow \Leftarrow
+\Leftarrow \Leftarrow
-\leftarrow \leftarrow
+\leftarrow \leftarrow
-\leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown
+\leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown
-\leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup
+\leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup
-\Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow
+\Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow
-\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow
+\leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow
-\leq \leq
+\leq \leq
(relation)
-\lfloor \lfloor
+\lfloor \lfloor
(delimiter)
-\lhd \lhd
+\lhd \lhd
(left-pointing arrow head)
-\ll \ll
+\ll \ll
(relation)
-\lnot \lnot
+\lnot \lnot
-\longleftarrow \longleftarrow
+\longleftarrow \longleftarrow
-\longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
+\longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow
-\longmapsto \longmapsto
+\longmapsto \longmapsto
-\longrightarrow \longrightarrow
+\longrightarrow \longrightarrow
-\lor \lor
+\lor \lor
-\mapsto \mapsto
+\mapsto \mapsto
-\mho \mho
+\mho \mho
- \mid \mid
+\mid \mid
(relation)
-\models \models
+\models \models
(relation)
-\mp \mp
+\mp \mp
(binary operation)
-\mu \mu
+\mu \mu
-\nabla \nabla
+\nabla \nabla
-\natural \natural
+\natural \natural
-\ne \ne
+\ne \ne
-\nearrow \nearrow
+\nearrow \nearrow
-\neg \neg
+\neg \neg
-\neq \neq
+\neq \neq
(relation)
-\ni \ni
+\ni \ni
(relation)
-\not \not
+\not \not
Overstrike a following operator with a /, as in .
-\notin \notin
+\notin \notin
-\nu \nu
+\nu \nu
-\nwarrow \nwarrow
+\nwarrow \nwarrow
-\odot \odot
+\odot \odot
(binary operation)
-\oint \oint
+\oint \oint
-\Omega \Omega
+\Omega \Omega
-\omega \omega
+\omega \omega
-\ominus \ominus
+\ominus \ominus
(binary operation)
-\oplus \oplus
+\oplus \oplus
(binary operation)
-\oslash \oslash
+\oslash \oslash
(binary operation)
-\otimes \otimes
+\otimes \otimes
(binary operation)
-\owns \owns
+\owns \owns
-\parallel \parallel
+\parallel \parallel
(relation)
-\partial \partial
+\partial \partial
-\perp \perp
+\perp \perp
(relation)
-\phi \phi
+\phi \phi
-\Pi \Pi
+\Pi \Pi
-\pi \pi
+\pi \pi
-\pm \pm
+\pm \pm
(binary operation)
-\prec \prec
+\prec \prec
(relation)
-\preceq \preceq
+\preceq \preceq
(relation)
-\prime \prime
+\prime \prime
-\prod \prod
+\prod \prod
-\propto \propto
+\propto \propto
(relation)
-\Psi \Psi
+\Psi \Psi
-\psi \psi
+\psi \psi
-\rangle \rangle
+\rangle \rangle
(delimiter)
-\rbrace \rbrace
+\rbrace \rbrace
(delimiter)
-\rbrack \rbrack
+\rbrack \rbrack
(delimiter)
-\rceil \rceil
+\rceil \rceil
(delimiter)
-\Re \Re
+\Re \Re
-\rfloor \rfloor
+\rfloor \rfloor
-\rhd \rhd
+\rhd \rhd
(binary operation)
-\rho \rho
+\rho \rho
-\Rightarrow \Rightarrow
+\Rightarrow \Rightarrow
-\rightarrow \rightarrow
+\rightarrow \rightarrow
-\rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown
+\rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown
-\rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
+\rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup
-\rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
+\rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons
-\searrow \searrow
+\searrow \searrow
-\setminus \setminus
+\setminus \setminus
(binary operation)
-\sharp \sharp
+\sharp \sharp
-\Sigma \Sigma
+\Sigma \Sigma
-\sigma \sigma
+\sigma \sigma
-\sim \sim
+\sim \sim
(relation)
-\simeq \simeq
+\simeq \simeq
(relation)
-\smallint \smallint
+\smallint \smallint
-\smile \smile
+\smile \smile
(relation)
-\spadesuit \spadesuit
+\spadesuit \spadesuit
-\sqcap \sqcap
+\sqcap \sqcap
(binary operation)
-\sqcup \sqcup
+\sqcup \sqcup
(binary operation)
-\sqsubset \sqsubset
+\sqsubset \sqsubset
(relation)
-\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
+\sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq
(relation)
-\sqsupset \sqsupset
+\sqsupset \sqsupset
(relation)
-\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq
+\sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq
(relation)
-\star \star
+\star \star
(binary operation)
-\subset \subset
+\subset \subset
(relation)
-\subseteq \subseteq
+\subseteq \subseteq
(relation)
-\succ \succ
+\succ \succ
(relation)
-\succeq \succeq
+\succeq \succeq
(relation)
-\sum \sum
+\sum \sum
-\supset \supset
+\supset \supset
(relation)
-\supseteq \supseteq
+\supseteq \supseteq
(relation)
-\surd \surd
+\surd \surd
-\swarrow \swarrow
+\swarrow \swarrow
-\tau \tau
+\tau \tau
-\theta \theta
+\theta \theta
-\times \times
+\times \times
(binary operation)
-\to \to
+\to \to
-\top \top
+\top \top
-\triangle \triangle
+\triangle \triangle
-\triangleleft \triangleleft
+\triangleleft \triangleleft
(binary operation)
-\triangleright \triangleright
+\triangleright \triangleright
(binary operation)
-\unlhd \unlhd
+\unlhd \unlhd
left-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation)
-\unrhd \unrhd
+\unrhd \unrhd
right-pointing arrowhead with line under (binary operation)
-\Uparrow \Uparrow
+\Uparrow \Uparrow
(delimiter)
-\uparrow \uparrow
+\uparrow \uparrow
(delimiter)
-\Updownarrow \Updownarrow
+\Updownarrow \Updownarrow
(delimiter)
-\updownarrow \updownarrow
+\updownarrow \updownarrow
(delimiter)
-\uplus \uplus
+\uplus \uplus
(binary operation)
-\Upsilon \Upsilon
+\Upsilon \Upsilon
-\upsilon \upsilon
+\upsilon \upsilon
-\varepsilon \varepsilon
+\varepsilon \varepsilon
-\varphi \varphi
+\varphi \varphi
-\varpi \varpi
+\varpi \varpi
-\varrho \varrho
+\varrho \varrho
-\varsigma \varsigma
+\varsigma \varsigma
-\vartheta \vartheta
+\vartheta \vartheta
-\vdash \vdash
+\vdash \vdash
(relation)
-\vee \vee
+\vee \vee
(binary operation)
-\Vert \Vert
+\Vert \Vert
(delimiter)
-\vert \vert
+\vert \vert
(delimiter)
-\wedge \wedge
+\wedge \wedge
(binary operation)
-\wp \wp
+\wp \wp
-\wr \wr
+\wr \wr
(binary operation)
-\Xi \Xi
+\Xi \Xi
-\xi \xi
+\xi \xi
-\zeta \zeta
+\zeta \zeta
@@ -4873,113 +4944,113 @@ the pi symbol () in your output.
Math functions Math accents Math symbols Math formulas
Math functions
-math functions
-functions, math
+math functions
+functions, math
These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper
spacing.
-\arccos \arccos
+\arccos \arccos
-\arcsin \arcsin
+\arcsin \arcsin
-\arctan \arctan
+\arctan \arctan
-\arg \arg
+\arg \arg
-\bmod \bmod
+\bmod \bmod
Binary modulo operator ()
-\cos \cos
+\cos \cos
-\cosh \cosh
+\cosh \cosh
-\cot \cot
+\cot \cot
-\coth \coth
+\coth \coth
-\csc \csc
+\csc \csc
-\deg \deg
+\deg \deg
-\det \det
+\det \det
-\dim \dim
+\dim \dim
-\exp \exp
+\exp \exp
-\gcd \gcd
+\gcd \gcd
-\hom \hom
+\hom \hom
-\inf \inf
+\inf \inf
-\ker \ker
+\ker \ker
-\lg \lg
+\lg \lg
-\lim \lim
+\lim \lim
-\liminf \liminf
+\liminf \liminf
-\limsup \limsup
+\limsup \limsup
-\ln \ln
+\ln \ln
-\log \log
+\log \log
-\max \max
+\max \max
-\min \min
+\min \min
-\pmod \pmod
+\pmod \pmod
parenthesized modulus, as in ()
-\Pr \Pr
+\Pr \Pr
-\sec \sec
+\sec \sec
-\sin \sin
+\sin \sin
-\sinh \sinh
+\sinh \sinh
-\sup \sup
+\sup \sup
-\tan \tan
+\tan \tan
-\tanh \tanh
+\tanh \tanh
@@ -4988,76 +5059,76 @@ spacing.
Math accents Spacing in math mode Math functions Math formulas
Math accents
-math accents
-accents, mathematical
+math accents
+accents, mathematical
&latex; provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters
in math. These are different from accents in normal text
(Accents ).
-\acute \acute
-acute accent, math
+\acute \acute
+acute accent, math
Math acute accent: .
-\bar \bar
-bar-over accent, math
-macron accent, math
+\bar \bar
+bar-over accent, math
+macron accent, math
Math bar-over accent: .
-\breve \breve
-breve accent, math
+\breve \breve
+breve accent, math
Math breve accent: .
-\check \check
-check accent, math
-ha c ek accent, math
+\check \check
+check accent, math
+ha c ek accent, math
Math ha c ek (check) accent: .
-\ddot \ddot
-double dot accent, math
+\ddot \ddot
+double dot accent, math
Math dieresis accent: .
-\dot \dot
-overdot accent, math
-dot over accent, math
+\dot \dot
+overdot accent, math
+dot over accent, math
Math dot accent: .
-\grave \grave
-grave accent, math
+\grave \grave
+grave accent, math
Math grave accent: .
-\hat \hat
-hat accent, math
-circumflex accent, math
+\hat \hat
+hat accent, math
+circumflex accent, math
Math hat (circumflex) accent: .
-\imath \imath
-dotless i, math
+\imath \imath
+dotless i, math
Math dotless i.
-\jmath \jmath
-dotless j, math
+\jmath \jmath
+dotless j, math
Math dotless j.
-\mathring \mathring
-ring accent, math
+\mathring \mathring
+ring accent, math
Math ring accent: x .
-\tilde \tilde
-tilde accent, math
+\tilde \tilde
+tilde accent, math
Math tilde accent: .
-\vec \vec
-vector symbol, math
+\vec \vec
+vector symbol, math
Math vector symbol: .
-\widehat \widehat
-wide hat accent, math
+\widehat \widehat
+wide hat accent, math
Math wide hat accent: .
-\widehat \widehat
-wide tile accent, math
+\widehat \widehat
+wide tile accent, math
Math wide tilde accent: .
@@ -5066,8 +5137,8 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text
Spacing in math mode Math miscellany Math accents Math formulas
Spacing in math mode
-spacing within math mode
-math mode, spacing
+spacing within math mode
+math mode, spacing
In a math
environment, &latex; ignores the spaces you type and
puts in the spacing according to the normal rules for mathematics
@@ -5076,15 +5147,15 @@ commands for use in math mode:
\;
-\;
+\;
A thick space (quad).
\:
\>
-\:
-\>
+\:
+\>
Both of these produce a medium space (quad).
\,
-\,
+\,
A thin space (quad); not restricted to math mode.
\!
A negative thin space (quad).
@@ -5094,46 +5165,46 @@ commands for use in math mode:
Math miscellany Spacing in math mode Math formulas
Math miscellany
-math miscellany
+math miscellany
- \* \*
-discretionary multiplication
-multiplication symbol, discretionary line break
+\* \*
+discretionary multiplication
+multiplication symbol, discretionary line break
A &textldquo;discretionary&textrdquo; multiplication symbol, at which a line break is
allowed.
-\cdots \cdots
+\cdots \cdots
A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line.
As in: &textlsquo;$\cdots$&textrsquo;.
-\ddots \ddots
+ \ddots \ddots
A diagonal ellipsis: .
-\frac{num}{den} \frac{num}{den}
-\frac
+\frac{num}{den} \frac{num}{den}
+\frac
Produces the fraction num
divided by den
.
-\left delim1 ... \right delim2 \left delim1 ... \right delim2
-\right
-null delimiter
+\left delim1 ... \right delim2 \left delim1 ... \right delim2
+\right
+null delimiter
The two delimiters need not match; . acts as a null delimiter,
producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the math
in between. Example: \left( \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]
.
-\overbrace{text} \overbrace{text}
+\overbrace{text} \overbrace{text}
Generates a brace over text.
For example, .
-\overline{text} \overline{text}
+\overline{text} \overline{text}
Generates a horizontal line over tex.
For exampe, .
-\sqrt[root]{arg} \sqrt[root]{arg}
+\sqrt[root]{arg} \sqrt[root]{arg}
Produces the representation of the square root of arg. The
optional argument root determines what root to produce. For
example, the cube root of x+y
would be typed as
@@ -5143,7 +5214,7 @@ In &tex;, the result looks like this:
$\root 3 \of x+y$.
-\stackrel{text}{relation} \stackrel{text}{relation}
+\stackrel{text}{relation} \stackrel{text}{relation}
Puts text above relation. For example,
\stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}
.
@@ -5151,14 +5222,14 @@ In &tex;, the result looks like this:
$\buildrel f \over \longrightarrow$.
-\underbrace{math} \underbrace{math}
+\underbrace{math} \underbrace{math}
Generates math with a brace underneath.
In &tex;, the result looks like this:
$\underbrace{x+y+z}_{>\,0}$.
-\underline{text} \underline{text}
+\underline{text} \underline{text}
Causes text, which may be either math mode or not, to be
underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of
descenders.
@@ -5167,8 +5238,8 @@ In &tex;, the result looks like this:
$\underline{xyz}$
-\vdots \vdots
-\vdots
+\vdots \vdots
+\vdots
Produces a vertical ellipsis.
In &tex;, the result looks like this:
@@ -5182,11 +5253,11 @@ $\vdots$.
Modes Page styles Math formulas Top
Modes
-modes
-paragraph mode
-math mode
-left-to-right mode
-lR mode
+modes
+paragraph mode
+math mode
+left-to-right mode
+lR mode
When &latex; is processing your input text, it is always in one of three
@@ -5232,8 +5303,8 @@ in, is called &textldquo;outer paragraph mode&textrdquo;.
Page styles Spaces Modes Top
Page styles
-styles, page
-page styles
+styles, page
+page styles
The \documentclass
command determines the size and position of
the page&textrsquo;s head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.
@@ -5248,8 +5319,8 @@ the page&textrsquo;s head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them
\maketitle \pagenumbering Page styles
\maketitle
-titles, making
-\maketitle
+titles, making
+\maketitle
The \maketitle
command generates a title on a separate title
page&textmdash;except in the article
class, where the title is placed
@@ -5257,30 +5328,30 @@ at the top of the first page. Information used to produce the title
is obtained from the following declarations:
-\author{name \and name2} \author{name \and name2}
-author, for titlepage
-\\ for \author
-\and for \author
+\author{name \and name2} \author{name \and name2}
+author, for titlepage
+\\ for \author
+\and for \author
The \author
command declares the document author(s), where the
argument is a list of authors separated by \and
commands. Use
\\
to separate lines within a single author&textrsquo;s entry&textmdash;for
example, to give the author&textrsquo;s institution or address.
-\date{text} \date{text}
-date, for titlepage
+\date{text} \date{text}
+date, for titlepage
The \date
command declares text to be the document&textrsquo;s
date. With no \date
command, the current date (\today )
is used.
-\thanks{text} \thanks{text}
-thanks, for titlepage
-credit footnote
+\thanks{text} \thanks{text}
+thanks, for titlepage
+credit footnote
The \thanks
command produces a \footnote
to the title,
usually used for credit acknowledgements.
-\title{text} \title{text}
-title, for titlepage
-\\ for \title
+\title{text} \title{text}
+title, for titlepage
+\\ for \title
The \title
command declares text to be the title of the
document. Use \\
to force a line break, as usual.
@@ -5290,8 +5361,8 @@ document. Use \\
to force a line break, as usual.
\pagenumbering \pagestyle \maketitle Page styles
\pagenumbering
-\pagenumbering
-page numbering style
+\pagenumbering
+page numbering style
Synopsis:
@@ -5304,13 +5375,17 @@ document. Use \\
to force a line break, as usual.
arabic
arabic numerals
- roman
+
+roman
lowercase Roman numerals
- Roman
+
+Roman
uppercase Roman numerals
- alph
+
+alph
lowercase letters
- Alph
+
+Alph
uppercase letters
@@ -5318,10 +5393,10 @@ document. Use \\
to force a line break, as usual.
\pagestyle \thispagestyle \pagenumbering Page styles
\pagestyle
-\pagestyle
-header style
-footer style
-running header and footer style
+\pagestyle
+header style
+footer style
+running header and footer style
Synopsis:
@@ -5352,15 +5427,15 @@ goes in the headers.
Here are the descriptions of \markboth
and \markright
:
-\markboth{left}{right} \markboth{left}{right}
+\markboth{left}{right} \markboth{left}{right}
Sets both the left and the right heading. A &textldquo;left-hand heading&textrdquo;
(left) is generated by the last \markboth
command before
-the end of the page, while a &textldquo;right-hand heading&textrdquo; (right is
+the end of the page, while a &textldquo;right-hand heading&textrdquo; (right) is
generated by the first \markboth
or \markright
that
comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before
the page.
-\markright{right} \markright{right}
+ \markright{right} \markright{right}
Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged.
@@ -5369,7 +5444,7 @@ the page.
\thispagestyle \pagestyle Page styles
\thispagestyle{style}
-\thispagestyle
+\thispagestyle
The \thispagestyle
command works in the same manner as the
\pagestyle
command (see previous section) except that it
@@ -5380,7 +5455,7 @@ changes to style for the current page only.
Spaces Boxes Page styles Top
Spaces
-spaces
+spaces
&latex; has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.
@@ -5409,7 +5484,7 @@ Vertical space
\hspace \hfill Spaces
\hspace
-\hspace
+\hspace
Synopsis:
@@ -5432,12 +5507,12 @@ form.
\hfill \SPACE \hspace Spaces
\hfill
-\hfill
+\hfill
The \hfill
fill command produces a &textldquo;rubber length&textrdquo; which has
no natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as
needed.
-\fill
+\fill
The \fill
parameter is the rubber length itself (technically,
the glue value 0pt plus1fill); thus, \hspace\fill
is
equivalent to \hfill
.
@@ -5446,9 +5521,9 @@ equivalent to \hfill
.
\SPACE \AT \hfill Spaces
\SPACE
-\SPACE
-\TAB
-\NEWLINE
+\SPACE
+\TAB
+\NEWLINE
The \
(space) command produces a normal interword space. It&textrsquo;s
useful after punctuation which shouldn&textrsquo;t end a sentence. For example
@@ -5463,7 +5538,7 @@ are equivalent to \
.
\AT \thinspace \SPACE Spaces
\&arobase;
-\&arobase;
+\&arobase;
The \&arobase;
command makes the following punctuation character end a
sentence even if it normally would not. This is typically used after
@@ -5487,7 +5562,7 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without
\thinspace \/ \AT Spaces
\thinspace
-\thinspace
+\thinspace
\thinspace
produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that
is 1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as
@@ -5497,7 +5572,7 @@ in &textrsquo;&textrdquo; .
\/ \hrulefill \thinspace Spaces
\/
-\/
+\/
The \/
command produces an italic correction. This is a
small space defined by the font designer for a given character,
@@ -5526,7 +5601,7 @@ with pdf&tex;.
\hrulefill \dotfill \/ Spaces
\hrulefill
-\hrulefill
+\hrulefill
The \hrulefill
fill command produces a &textldquo;rubber length&textrdquo; which can
stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a horizontal
@@ -5537,7 +5612,7 @@ rule.
\dotfill \addvspace \hrulefill Spaces
\dotfill
-\dotfill
+\dotfill
The \dotfill
command produces a &textldquo;rubber length&textrdquo; that fills
with dots instead of just white space.
@@ -5547,9 +5622,9 @@ with dots instead of just white space.
\addvspace \bigskip \medskip \smallskip \dotfill Spaces
\addvspace
-\addvspace
-vertical space
-space, inserting vertical
+\addvspace
+vertical space
+space, inserting vertical
\addvspace{length}
@@ -5568,20 +5643,20 @@ of the total vertical space equal to length
.
\bigskip
-\bigskip
-\bigskipamount
+\bigskip
+\bigskipamount
The same as \vspace{bigskipamount}
, ordinarily about one line
space (with stretch and shrink).
\medskip
-\medskip
-\medskipamount
+\medskip
+\medskipamount
The same as \vspace{medskipamount}
, ordinarily
about half of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
\smallskip
-\smallskip
-\smallskipamount
+\smallskip
+\smallskipamount
The same as \vspace{smallskipamount}
, ordinarily about a
quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
@@ -5593,7 +5668,7 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
\vfill \vspace \bigskip \medskip \smallskip Spaces
\vfill
-\vfill
+\vfill
The \vfill
fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which
can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It&textrsquo;s equivalent to
@@ -5603,7 +5678,7 @@ can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It&textrsquo;s equivalent to
\vspace \vfill Spaces
\vspace[*]{length}
-\vspace
+\vspace
Synopsis:
@@ -5624,7 +5699,7 @@ space is not removed.
Boxes Special insertions Spaces Top
Boxes
-boxes
+boxes
All the predefined length parameters (Predefined lengths ) can be
used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
@@ -5644,9 +5719,9 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.
\mbox \fbox and \framebox Boxes
\mbox{text}
-\mbox
+\mbox
-hyphenation, preventing
+hyphenation, preventing
The \mbox
command creates a box just wide enough to hold the
text created by its argument. The text is not broken into
lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
@@ -5656,8 +5731,8 @@ lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.
\fbox and \framebox lrbox \mbox Boxes
\fbox
and \framebox
-\fbox
-\framebox
+\fbox
+\framebox
Synopses:
@@ -5674,8 +5749,8 @@ specification of the box width with the optional width argument
(a dimension), and positioning with the optional position
argument.
-\fboxrule
-\fboxsep
+\fboxrule
+\fboxsep
Both commands produce a rule of thickness \fboxrule
(default
.4pt), and leave a space of \fboxsep
(default
3pt) between the rule and the contents of the box.
@@ -5687,7 +5762,7 @@ argument.
lrbox \makebox \fbox and \framebox Boxes
lrbox
-lrbox
+lrbox
\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}
@@ -5700,7 +5775,7 @@ must have been declared with \newsavebox
.
\makebox \parbox lrbox Boxes
\makebox
-\makebox
+\makebox
Synopsis:
@@ -5733,7 +5808,7 @@ stretchable space for this to work.
\parbox \raisebox \makebox Boxes
\parbox
-\parbox
+\parbox
Synopsis:
@@ -5783,7 +5858,7 @@ for this to work.
\raisebox \savebox \parbox Boxes
\raisebox
-\raisebox
+\raisebox
Synopsis:
@@ -5805,7 +5880,7 @@ ignoring its natural height and depth.
\savebox \sbox \raisebox Boxes
\savebox
-\savebox
+\savebox
Synopsis:
@@ -5822,7 +5897,7 @@ declared with \newsavebox
(
\sbox \usebox \savebox Boxes
\sbox{\boxcmd}{text}
-\sbox
+\sbox
Synopsis:
@@ -5840,7 +5915,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
\usebox \sbox Boxes
\usebox{\boxcmd
-\usebox
+\usebox
Synopsis:
@@ -5848,7 +5923,7 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
\usebox{\boxcmd}
-\usebox
producesthe box most recently saved in the bin
+\usebox
produces the box most recently saved in the bin
\boxcmd by a \savebox
command (\savebox ).
@@ -5872,8 +5947,8 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
Reserved characters Text symbols Special insertions
Reserved characters
-reserved characters
-characters, reserved
+reserved characters
+characters, reserved
The following characters play a special role in &latex; and are called
&textldquo;reserved characters&textrdquo; or &textldquo;special characters&textrdquo;.
@@ -5882,33 +5957,33 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
# $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
-\#
-\$
-\%
-\&
-\_
-\{
-\}
+\#
+\$
+\%
+\&
+\_
+\{
+\}
Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, &latex;
will do something special. If you simply want the character to be
printed as itself, include a \
in front of the character. For
example, \$
will produce $
in your output.
-\backslash
+\backslash
One exception to this rule is \
itself, because \\
has
its own special (context-dependent) meaning. A roman \ is produced by
typing $\backslash$
in your file, and a typewriter \
is
produced by using \ in a verbatim command (verbatim ).
-\~
-\^
+\~
+\^
Also, \~
and \^
place tilde and circumflex accents over
the following letter, as in o and o (Accents ); to get
a standalone ~
or ^
, you can again use a verbatim
command.
-\symbol
-accessing any character of a font
+\symbol
+accessing any character of a font
Finally, you can access any character of the current font once you
know its number by using the \symbol
command. For example, the
@@ -5924,274 +5999,274 @@ with "
, so the previous example could also be written as
Text symbols Accents Reserved characters Special insertions
Text symbols
-text symbols
-textcomp package
+text symbols
+textcomp package
&latex; provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols
in running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are
not available in OT1; you may need to load the textcomp
package.
- \copyright \copyright
-\textcopyright \textcopyright
-copyright symbol
+\copyright \copyright
+\textcopyright \textcopyright
+copyright symbol
The copyright symbol, ©right;.
-\dag \dag
-dagger, in text
+\dag \dag
+dagger, in text
The dagger symbol (in text).
-\ddag \ddag
-double dagger, in text
+\ddag \ddag
+double dagger, in text
The double dagger symbol (in text).
-\LaTeX \LaTeX
-&latex; logo
-logo, &latex;
+\LaTeX \LaTeX
+&latex; logo
+logo, &latex;
The &latex; logo.
-\guillemotleft («) \guillemotleft («)
-\guillemotright (») \guillemotright (»)
-\guilsinglleft (‹) \guilsinglleft (‹)
-\guilsinglright (›) \guilsinglright (›)
-double guillemets
-single guillemets
-left angle quotation marks
-right angle quotation marks
-double angle quotation marks
-single angle quotation marks
-French quotation marks
-quotation marks, French
+\guillemotleft («) \guillemotleft («)
+\guillemotright (») \guillemotright (»)
+\guilsinglleft (‹) \guilsinglleft (‹)
+\guilsinglright (›) \guilsinglright (›)
+double guillemets
+single guillemets
+left angle quotation marks
+right angle quotation marks
+double angle quotation marks
+single angle quotation marks
+French quotation marks
+quotation marks, French
Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French:
«, », ‹, ›.
-\ldots \ldots
-\dots \dots
-\textellipsis \textellipsis
-ellipsis
+\ldots \ldots
+\dots \dots
+\textellipsis \textellipsis
+ellipsis
An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): &textlsquo;&dots;&textrsquo;. \ldots
and \dots
also work in math mode.
-\lq \lq
-left quote
-opening quote
+\lq \lq
+left quote
+opening quote
Left (opening) quote: &textlsquo;.
-\P \P
-\textparagraph \textparagraph
-paragraph symbol
-pilcrow
+\P \P
+\textparagraph \textparagraph
+paragraph symbol
+pilcrow
Paragraph sign (pilcrow).
-\pounds \pounds
-\textsterling \textsterling
-pounds symbol
-sterling symbol
+\pounds \pounds
+\textsterling \textsterling
+pounds symbol
+sterling symbol
English pounds sterling: £.
-\quotedblbase („) \quotedblbase („)
-\quotesinglbase (‚) \quotesinglbase (‚)
-double low-9 quotation mark
-single low-9 quotation mark
-low-9 quotation marks, single and double
+\quotedblbase („) \quotedblbase („)
+\quotesinglbase (‚) \quotesinglbase (‚)
+double low-9 quotation mark
+single low-9 quotation mark
+low-9 quotation marks, single and double
Double and single quotation marks on the baseline:
„ and ‚.
-\rq \rq
-right quote
-closing quote
+\rq \rq
+right quote
+closing quote
Right (closing) quote: &textrsquo;.
-\S \S
-section symbol
+\S \S
+section symbol
Section symbol.
-\TeX \TeX
-&tex; logo
-logo, &tex;
+\TeX \TeX
+&tex; logo
+logo, &tex;
The &tex; logo.
-\textasciicircum \textasciicircum
-circumflex, ASCII, in text
-ASCII circumflex, in text
+\textasciicircum \textasciicircum
+circumflex, ASCII, in text
+ASCII circumflex, in text
ASCII circumflex: ^.
-\textasciitilde \textasciitilde
-tilde, ASCII, in text
-ASCII tilde, in text
+\textasciitilde \textasciitilde
+tilde, ASCII, in text
+ASCII tilde, in text
ASCII tilde: ~.
-\textasteriskcentered \textasteriskcentered
-asterisk, centered, in text
-centered asterisk, in text
+\textasteriskcentered \textasteriskcentered
+asterisk, centered, in text
+centered asterisk, in text
Centered asterisk: *.
-\textbackslash \textbackslash
-backslash, in text
+\textbackslash \textbackslash
+backslash, in text
Backslash: \.
-\textbar \textbar
-vertical bar, in text
-bar, vertical, in text
+\textbar \textbar
+vertical bar, in text
+bar, vertical, in text
Vertical bar: |.
-\textbardbl \textbardbl
-vertical bar, double, in text
-bar, double vertical, in text
-double vertical bar, in text
+\textbardbl \textbardbl
+vertical bar, double, in text
+bar, double vertical, in text
+double vertical bar, in text
Double vertical bar.
-\textbigcircle \textbigcircle
-big circle symbols, in text
-circle symbol, big, in text
+\textbigcircle \textbigcircle
+big circle symbols, in text
+circle symbol, big, in text
Big circle symbol.
-\textbraceleft \textbraceleft
-left brace, in text
-brace, left, in text
+\textbraceleft \textbraceleft
+left brace, in text
+brace, left, in text
Left brace: {.
-\textbraceright \textbraceright
-right brace, in text
-brace, right, in text
+\textbraceright \textbraceright
+right brace, in text
+brace, right, in text
Right brace: }.
-\textbullet \textbullet
-bullet, in text
+\textbullet \textbullet
+bullet, in text
Bullet: •.
-\textcircled{letter} \textcircled{letter}
-circled letter, in text
+\textcircled{letter} \textcircled{letter}
+circled letter, in text
letter in a circle, as in ®istered;.
-\textcompwordmark \textcompwordmark
-\textcapitalwordmark \textcapitalwordmark
-\textascenderwordmark \textascenderwordmark
-composite word mark, in text
-cap height
-ascender height
+\textcompwordmark \textcompwordmark
+\textcapitalwordmark \textcapitalwordmark
+\textascenderwordmark \textascenderwordmark
+composite word mark, in text
+cap height
+ascender height
Composite word mark (invisible). The \textcapital...
form
has the cap height of the font, while the \textascender...
form
has the ascender height.
-\textdagger \textdagger
-dagger, in text
+\textdagger \textdagger
+dagger, in text
Dagger: .
-\textdaggerdbl \textdaggerdbl
-dagger, double, in text
-double dagger, in text
+\textdaggerdbl \textdaggerdbl
+dagger, double, in text
+double dagger, in text
Double dagger: .
-\textdollar (or $
) \textdollar (or $
)
-dollar sign
-currency, dollar
+\textdollar (or $
) \textdollar (or $
)
+dollar sign
+currency, dollar
Dollar sign: $.
-\textemdash (or ---
) \textemdash (or ---
)
-em-dash
+\textemdash (or ---
) \textemdash (or ---
)
+em-dash
Em-dash: &textmdash; (for punctuation).
-\textendash (or --
) \textendash (or --
)
-e-dash
+\textendash (or --
) \textendash (or --
)
+e-dash
En-dash: &textmdash; (for ranges).
-\texteuro \texteuro
-euro symbol
-currency, euro
+\texteuro \texteuro
+euro symbol
+currency, euro
The Euro symbol: €.
-\textexclamdown (or !`
) \textexclamdown (or !`
)
-exclamation point, upside-down
+\textexclamdown (or !`
) \textexclamdown (or !`
)
+exclamation point, upside-down
Upside down exclamation point: ¡.
-\textgreater \textgreater
-greater than symbol, in text
+\textgreater \textgreater
+greater than symbol, in text
Greater than: >.
-\textless \textless
-less than symbol, in text
+\textless \textless
+less than symbol, in text
Less than: <.
-\textleftarrow \textleftarrow
-arrow, left, in text
-left arrow, in text
+\textleftarrow \textleftarrow
+arrow, left, in text
+left arrow, in text
Left arrow.
-\textordfeminine \textordfeminine
-\textordmasculine \textordmasculine
-feminine ordinal symbol
-masculine ordinal symbol
-ordinals, feminine and masculine
-Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine
+\textordfeminine \textordfeminine
+\textordmasculine \textordmasculine
+feminine ordinal symbol
+masculine ordinal symbol
+ordinals, feminine and masculine
+Spanish ordinals, feminine and masculine
Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: ª, º.
-\textperiodcentered \textperiodcentered
-period, centered, in text
-centered period, in text
+\textperiodcentered \textperiodcentered
+period, centered, in text
+centered period, in text
Centered period: .
-\textquestiondown (or ?`
) \textquestiondown (or ?`
)
-questionation point, upside-down
+\textquestiondown (or ?`
) \textquestiondown (or ?`
)
+questionation point, upside-down
Upside down questionation point: ¿.
-\textquotedblleft (or ``
) \textquotedblleft (or ``
)
-left quote, double
-double left quote
+\textquotedblleft (or ``
) \textquotedblleft (or ``
)
+left quote, double
+double left quote
Double left quote: &textldquo;.
-\textquotedblright (or '
) \textquotedblright (or '
)
-right quote, double
-double right quote
+\textquotedblright (or '
) \textquotedblright (or '
)
+right quote, double
+double right quote
Double right quote: &textrdquo;.
-\textquoteleft (or `
) \textquoteleft (or `
)
-left quote, single
-single left quote
+\textquoteleft (or `
) \textquoteleft (or `
)
+left quote, single
+single left quote
Single left quote: &textlsquo;.
-\textquoteright (or '
) \textquoteright (or '
)
-right quote, single
-single right quote
+\textquoteright (or '
) \textquoteright (or '
)
+right quote, single
+single right quote
Single right quote: &textrsquo;.
-\textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightbase
-\textquotestraightdblbase \textquotestraightdblbase
-quote, straight base
-straight quote, base
-double quote, straight base
-straight double quote, base
+\textquotestraightbase \textquotestraightbase
+\textquotestraightdblbase \textquotestraightdblbase
+quote, straight base
+straight quote, base
+double quote, straight base
+straight double quote, base
Single and double straight quotes on the baseline.
-\textregistered \textregistered
-registered symbol
+\textregistered \textregistered
+registered symbol
Registered symbol: ®istered;.
-\textrightarrow \textrightarrow
-arrow, right, in text
-right arrow, in text
+\textrightarrow \textrightarrow
+arrow, right, in text
+right arrow, in text
Right arrow.
-\textthreequartersemdash \textthreequartersemdash
-three-quarters em-dash
-em-dash, three-quarters
+\textthreequartersemdash \textthreequartersemdash
+three-quarters em-dash
+em-dash, three-quarters
&textldquo;Three-quarters&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
-\texttrademark \texttrademark
-trademark symbol
+\texttrademark \texttrademark
+trademark symbol
Trademark symbol: .
-\texttwelveudash \texttwelveudash
-two-thirds em-dash
-em-dash, two-thirds
+\texttwelveudash \texttwelveudash
+two-thirds em-dash
+em-dash, two-thirds
&textldquo;Two-thirds&textrdquo; em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash.
-\textunderscore \textunderscore
-underscore, in text
+\textunderscore \textunderscore
+underscore, in text
Underscore: _.
-\textvisiblespace \textvisiblespace
-visible space symbol, in text
+\textvisiblespace \textvisiblespace
+visible space symbol, in text
Visible space symbol.
@@ -6201,9 +6276,9 @@ has the ascender height.
Accents Non-English characters Text symbols Special insertions
Accents
-accents
-characters, accented
-letters, accented
+accents
+characters, accented
+letters, accented
&latex; has wide support for many of the world&textrsquo;s scripts and
languages, through the babel
package and related support. This
@@ -6216,133 +6291,133 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.
\underline
in Non-English characters \rule Accents Special insertions
Non-English characters
-special characters
-non-English characters
-characters, non-English
-letters, non-English
+special characters
+non-English characters
+characters, non-English
+letters, non-English
Here are the basic &latex; commands for inserting characters commonly
used in languages other than English.
@@ -6376,80 +6451,80 @@ used in languages other than English.
\aa
\AA
-\aa (å)
-\AA (Å)
-aring
+\aa (å)
+\AA (Å)
+aring
å and Å.
\ae
\AE
-\ae (æ)
-\AE (Æ)
-ae ligature
+\ae (æ)
+\AE (Æ)
+ae ligature
æ and Æ.
\dh
\DH
-\dh (æ)
-\DH (Æ)
-Icelandic eth
-eth, Icelandic letter
+\dh (æ)
+\DH (Æ)
+Icelandic eth
+eth, Icelandic letter
Icelandic letter eth: ð and Ð.
\dj
\DJ
-\dj
-\DJ
+\dj
+\DJ
xxxx
\ij
\IJ
-\ij (ij)
-\IJ (IJ)
-ij letter, Dutch
+\ij (ij)
+\IJ (IJ)
+ij letter, Dutch
ij and IJ (except somewhat closer together than appears here).
\l
\L
-\l (&lslash;)
-\L (&Lslash;)
-polish l
+\l (&lslash;)
+\L (&Lslash;)
+polish l
&lslash; and &Lslash;.
\ng
\NG
-\ng
-\NG
+\ng
+\NG
xxxx
\o
\O
-\o (ø)
-\O (Ø)
-oslash
+\o (ø)
+\O (Ø)
+oslash
ø and Ø.
\oe
\OE
-\oe (œ)
-\OE (Œ)
-oe ligature
+\oe (œ)
+\OE (Œ)
+oe ligature
œ and Œ.
\ss
\SS
-\ss (ß)
-\SS (SS)
-es-zet German letter
-sharp S letters
+\ss (ß)
+\SS (SS)
+es-zet German letter
+sharp S letters
ß and SS.
\th
\TH
-\th (þ)
-\TH (Þ)
-Icelandic thorn
-thorn, Icelandic letter
+\th (þ)
+\TH (Þ)
+Icelandic thorn
+thorn, Icelandic letter
Icelandic letter thorn: þ and Þ.
@@ -6458,7 +6533,7 @@ used in languages other than English.
\rule \today Non-English characters Special insertions
\rule
-\rule
+\rule
Synopsis:
@@ -6484,7 +6559,7 @@ rectangles. The arguments are:
\today \rule Special insertions
\today
-\today
+\today
The \today
command produces today&textrsquo;s date, in the format
month dd, yyyy; for example, &textlsquo;July 4, 1976&textrsquo;.
@@ -6492,7 +6567,7 @@ It uses the predefined counters \day
, \month
, and
\year
(\day \month \year ) to do this. It is not
updated as the program runs.
-datetime
package
+datetime
package
The datetime
package, among others, can produce a wide variety
of other date formats.
@@ -6501,8 +6576,8 @@ of other date formats.
Splitting the input Front/back matter Special insertions Top
Splitting the input
-splitting the input file
-input file
+splitting the input file
+input file
A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole
input in a single large file, it&textrsquo;s more efficient to split it into
@@ -6510,6 +6585,9 @@ several smaller ones. Regardless of how many separate files you use,
there is one that is the root file; it is the one whose name you type
when you run &latex;.
+filecontents , for an environment that allows bundling an
+external file to be created with the main document.
+
-nested \include
, not allowed
+nested \include
, not allowed
The \include
command may not appear in the preamble or in a file
read by another \include
command.
@@ -6544,7 +6622,7 @@ read by another \include
command.
\includeonly \input \include Splitting the input
\includeonly
-\includeonly
+\includeonly
Synopsis:
@@ -6564,7 +6642,7 @@ effective.
\input \includeonly Splitting the input
\input
-\input
+\input
Synopsis:
@@ -6581,7 +6659,6 @@ file at that point.
or foo.bar.tex). If that is not found, the original file
is tried (foo or foo.bar).
-
Front/back matter Letters Splitting the input Top
@@ -6597,10 +6674,10 @@ is tried (foo or foo.bar).
Tables of contents Glossaries Front/back matter
Tables of contents
-table of contents, creating
+table of contents, creating
-\tableofcontents
-.toc file
+\tableofcontents
+.toc file
A table of contents is produced with the \tableofcontents
command. You put the command right where you want the table of
contents to go; &latex; does the rest for you. A previous run must
@@ -6611,13 +6688,13 @@ not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the
table of contents, write a \newpage
command after the
\tableofcontents
command.
-\listoffigures
-\listoftables
+\listoffigures
+\listoftables
The analogous commands \listoffigures
and \listoftables
produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively.
Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents.
-\nofiles
+\nofiles
The command \nofiles
overrides these commands, and
prevents any of these lists from being generated.
@@ -6629,8 +6706,8 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents.
\addcontentsline \addtocontents Tables of contents
\addcontentsline
-\addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text}
-table of contents entry, manually adding
+\addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text}
+table of contents entry, manually adding
The \addcontentsline
{ext}{unit}{text}
command adds an entry to the specified list or table where:
@@ -6659,7 +6736,7 @@ following, matching the value of the ext argument:
The actual text of the entry.
-\contentsline
+\contentsline
What is written to the .ext file is the
command \contentsline{unit}{name}
.
@@ -6669,7 +6746,7 @@ command \contentsline{unit}{name
\addtocontents \addcontentsline Tables of contents
\addtocontents
-\addtocontents{ext}{text}
+\addtocontents{ext}{text}
The \addtocontents
{ext}{text} command adds text
(or formatting commands) directly to the .ext file that
@@ -6690,17 +6767,17 @@ generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
Glossaries Indexes Tables of contents Front/back matter
Glossaries
-glossaries
+glossaries
-\makeglossary
+\makeglossary
The command \makeglossary
enables creating glossaries.
-\glossary
-.glo file
+\glossary
+.glo file
The command \glossary{text}
writes a glossary entry for
text to an auxiliary file with the .glo extension.
-\glossaryentry
+\glossaryentry
Specifically, what gets written is the command
\glossaryentry{text}{pageno}
, where
pageno is the current \thepage
value.
@@ -6712,36 +6789,36 @@ glossaries.
Indexes Glossaries Front/back matter
Indexes
-indexes
+indexes
-\makeindex
+\makeindex
The command \makeindex
enables creating indexes. Put this in
the preamble.
-\index
-.idx file
+\index
+.idx file
The command \index{text}
writes an index entry for
text to an auxiliary file with the .idx extension.
-\indexentry
+\indexentry
Specifically, what gets written is the command
\indexentry{text}{pageno}
, where pageno
is the current \thepage
value.
-&textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo; index entries
+&textlsquo;see&textrsquo; and &textlsquo;see also&textrsquo; index entries
To generate a index entry for &textlsquo;bar&textrsquo; that says &textlsquo;See foo&textrsquo;, use a
vertical bar: \index{bar|see{foo}}
. Use seealso
instead of see
to make a &textlsquo;See also&textrsquo; entry.
-\seename
-\alsoname
+\seename
+\alsoname
The text &textlsquo;See&textrsquo; is defined by the macro \seename
, and &textlsquo;See also&textrsquo;
by the macro \alsoname
. These can be redefined for other
languages.
-makeindex program
-xindy program
-.ind file
+makeindex program
+xindy program
+.ind file
The generated .idx file is then sorted with an external
command, usually either makeindex
(http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex ) or (the
@@ -6749,23 +6826,23 @@ multi-lingual) xindy (http://xindy.sourceforge.
This results in a .ind file, which can then be read to typeset
the index.
-printindex
-makeidx
package
+printindex
+makeidx
package
The index is usually generated with the \printindex
command.
This is defined in the makeidx
package, so
\usepackage{makeidx}
needs to be in the preamble.
-indexspace
+indexspace
The rubber length \indexspace
is inserted before each new
letter in the printed index; its default value is 10pt plus5pt
minus3pt.
-showidx
package
+showidx
package
The showidx
package causes each index entries to be shown in
the margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in
preparing the index.
-multind
package
+multind
package
The multind
package supports multiple indexes. See also the
&tex; FAQ entry on this topic,
http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind .
@@ -6775,8 +6852,8 @@ preparing the index.
Letters Terminal input/output Front/back matter Top
Letters
-letters
-creating letters
+letters
+creating letters
You can use &latex; to typeset letters, both personal and business. The
letter
document class is designed to make a number of letters at
@@ -6808,7 +6885,7 @@ the letter follows. It is typed as ordinary &latex; input. Commands that
make no sense in a letter, like \chapter
, do not work. The letter
closes with a \closing
command.
-\\ for letters
+\\ for letters
After the closing
, you can have additional material. The
\cc
command produces the usual &textldquo;cc: &dots;&textrdquo;. There&textrsquo;s also a
similar \encl
command for a list of enclosures. With both these
@@ -6835,7 +6912,7 @@ commands, use \\
to separate the items.
\address \cc Letters
\address{return-address}
-\address
+\address
The \address
specifies the return address of a letter, as it
should appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the
@@ -6852,8 +6929,8 @@ letter will be formatted as a personal letter.
\cc \closing \address Letters
\cc
-\cc
-cc list, in letters
+\cc
+cc list, in letters
Synopsis:
@@ -6869,9 +6946,9 @@ printed on a separate line.
\closing \encl \cc Letters
\closing
-\closing
-letters, ending
-closing letters
+\closing
+letters, ending
+closing letters
Synopsis:
@@ -6889,8 +6966,8 @@ printed on a separate line.
\encl \location \closing Letters
\encl
-\encl
-enclosure list
+\encl
+enclosure list
Synopsis:
@@ -6904,7 +6981,7 @@ printed on a separate line.
\location \makelabels \encl Letters
\location
-\location
+\location
\location{address}
@@ -6915,7 +6992,7 @@ if the firstpage
pagestyle is selected.
\makelabels \name \location Letters
\makelabels
-\makelabels
+\makelabels
\makelabels{number}
@@ -6927,7 +7004,7 @@ address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.
\name \opening \makelabels Letters
\name
-\name
+\name
\name{June Davenport}
@@ -6938,8 +7015,8 @@ address.
\opening \ps \name Letters
\opening{text}
-\opening
-letters, starting
+\opening
+letters, starting
Synopsis:
@@ -6959,8 +7036,8 @@ For instance:
\ps \signature \opening Letters
\ps
-\ps
-postscript, in letters
+\ps
+postscript, in letters
Use the \ps
command to start a postscript in a letter, after
\closing
.
@@ -6969,7 +7046,7 @@ For instance:
\signature \startbreaks \ps Letters
\signature{text}
-\signature
+\signature
Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the
space for your signature. \\
starts a new line within
@@ -6979,7 +7056,7 @@ space for your signature. \\
starts a new line within
\startbreaks \stopbreaks \signature Letters
\startbreaks
-\startbreaks
+\startbreaks
\startbreaks
@@ -6990,7 +7067,7 @@ space for your signature. \\
starts a new line within
\stopbreaks \telephone \startbreaks Letters
\stopbreaks
-\stopbreaks
+\stopbreaks
\stopbreaks
@@ -7001,7 +7078,7 @@ space for your signature. \\
starts a new line within
\telephone \stopbreaks Letters
\telephone
-\telephone
+\telephone
\telephone{number}
@@ -7013,8 +7090,8 @@ space for your signature. \\
starts a new line within
Terminal input/output Command line Letters Top
Terminal input/output
-input/output
-terminal input/output
+input/output
+terminal input/output
Command line Document templates Terminal input/output Top
Command line
-command line
+command line
The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted;
&tex; uses .tex as a default file extension. If you omit the
@@ -7083,9 +7160,9 @@ command; e.g.
will process foo.tex without pausing after every error.
-* prompt
-prompt, *
-\stop
+* prompt
+prompt, *
+\stop
If &latex; stops in the middle of the document and gives you a
* prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type \stop
(and return) and it will prematurely end the document.
@@ -7095,7 +7172,7 @@ command; e.g.
Document templates Concept Index Command line Top
Document templates
-document templates
+document templates
Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will
be useful. Additional template resources are listed
@@ -7177,8 +7254,7 @@ The end.
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{ifpdf}
\ifpdf
-\usepackage[breaklinks,colorlinks,linkcolor=black,citecolor=black,
- urlcolor=black]{hyperref}
+\usepackage[breaklinks,hidelinks]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage{url}
\fi
--
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