From a6593bd4f2eb12ae25540de026f7f9ebcf230a2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Sat, 7 Mar 2020 22:45:51 +0000 Subject: remake doc git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@54165 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html | 891 ++++++++++----------- .../doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.pdf | Bin 1095247 -> 1083826 bytes 2 files changed, 437 insertions(+), 454 deletions(-) (limited to 'Master') diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html index ffc2f546e1f..67e42f1d1bc 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/texlive/texlive-en/texlive-en.html @@ -147,89 +147,89 @@ href="#x1-470006.1" id="QQ2-1-58">Windows-specific features
 6.2 Additional software included on Windows
 6.3 User Profile is Home +href="#x1-490006.3" id="QQ2-1-60">User Profile is Home
 6.4 The Windows registry +href="#x1-500006.4" id="QQ2-1-61">The Windows registry
 6.5 Windows permissions +href="#x1-510006.5" id="QQ2-1-62">Windows permissions
 6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin +href="#x1-520006.6" id="QQ2-1-63">Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin
7 A user’s guide to Web2C +href="#x1-530007" id="QQ2-1-64">A user’s guide to Web2C
 7.1 Kpathsea path searching +href="#x1-540007.1" id="QQ2-1-65">Kpathsea path searching
  7.1.1 Path sources +href="#x1-550007.1.1" id="QQ2-1-66">Path sources
  7.1.2 Config files +href="#x1-560007.1.2" id="QQ2-1-67">Config files
  7.1.3 Path expansion +href="#x1-570007.1.3" id="QQ2-1-68">Path expansion
  7.1.4 Default expansion +href="#x1-580007.1.4" id="QQ2-1-69">Default expansion
  7.1.5 Brace expansion +href="#x1-590007.1.5" id="QQ2-1-70">Brace expansion
  7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion +href="#x1-600007.1.6" id="QQ2-1-71">Subdirectory expansion
  7.1.7 Summary of special characters in Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files
 7.2 Filename databases +href="#x1-620007.2" id="QQ2-1-73">Filename databases
  7.2.1 The filename database +href="#x1-630007.2.1" id="QQ2-1-74">The filename database
  7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching +href="#x1-640007.2.2" id="QQ2-1-75">kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
  7.2.3 Examples of use +href="#x1-650007.2.3" id="QQ2-1-76">Examples of use
  7.2.4 Debugging actions +href="#x1-660007.2.4" id="QQ2-1-77">Debugging actions
 7.3 Runtime options +href="#x1-670007.3" id="QQ2-1-79">Runtime options
 7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR
8 Acknowledgements +href="#x1-690008" id="QQ2-1-81">Acknowledgements
9 Release history +href="#x1-700009" id="QQ2-1-82">Release history
 9.1 Past +href="#x1-710009.1" id="QQ2-1-83">Past
  9.1.1 2003 +href="#x1-720009.1.1" id="QQ2-1-84">2003
  9.1.2 2004 +href="#x1-730009.1.2" id="QQ2-1-85">2004
  9.1.3 2005 +href="#x1-740009.1.3" id="QQ2-1-86">2005
  9.1.4 2006–2007 +href="#x1-750009.1.4" id="QQ2-1-87">2006–2007
  9.1.5 2008 +href="#x1-760009.1.5" id="QQ2-1-88">2008
  9.1.6 2009 +href="#x1-770009.1.6" id="QQ2-1-89">2009
  9.1.7 2010 +href="#x1-780009.1.7" id="QQ2-1-90">2010
  9.1.8 2011 +href="#x1-790009.1.8" id="QQ2-1-91">2011
  9.1.9 2012 +href="#x1-800009.1.9" id="QQ2-1-92">2012
  9.1.10 2013 +href="#x1-810009.1.10" id="QQ2-1-93">2013
  9.1.11 2014 +href="#x1-820009.1.11" id="QQ2-1-94">2014
  9.1.12 2015 +href="#x1-830009.1.12" id="QQ2-1-95">2015
  9.1.13 2016 +href="#x1-840009.1.13" id="QQ2-1-96">2016
  9.1.14 2017 +href="#x1-850009.1.14" id="QQ2-1-97">2017
  9.1.15 2018 +href="#x1-860009.1.15" id="QQ2-1-98">2018
  9.1.16 2019 +href="#x1-870009.1.16" id="QQ2-1-99">2019
 9.2 Present: 2020 +href="#x1-880009.2" id="QQ2-1-100">Present: 2020
 9.3 Future +href="#x1-890009.3" id="QQ2-1-101">Future

1

As to Windows: Windows 7 and later are supported. Windows Vista may still mostly work, but TEX Live -will no longer even install on Windows XP or earlier. There are no special 64-bit executables for Windows, but -the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit systems. +will no longer even install on Windows XP or earlier. TEX Live includes no 64-bit executables for Windows, +but the 32-bit executables should run on 64-bit systems.

See section 2.1 for alternate solutions for Windows and Mac OS X.

@@ -1309,8 +1310,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-8"> 41, disk space required: 5829 MB
 6536MB

 <D> [ ] MacOSX current (10.12-) (10.13-) on x86_64 (x86_64-darwin)
 [ ] GNU/Linux on ARMhf ARMv6/RPi (armhf-linux)
 A new ‘TEX Live’ submenu of the Start menu is installed, which contains entries for some GUI programs (tlmgr, texdoctk, the PS_View (psv) PostScript previewer) and - some documentation. +class="ec-lmss-10">texdoctk and some documentation.

File associations.
If enabled, TeXworks, Dviout and PS_view become either the default program for - their respective filetypes, or get an entry in the ‘Open with’ right-click menus of those filetypes. +class="description">If enabled, TeXworks and Dviout become either the default program for their + respective filetypes, or get an entry in the ‘Open with’ right-click menus of those filetypes.
Bitmap to eps converter.
For an admin install, the TEX Live directories are write-protected, at least if TEX Live is installed on a normal NTFS-formatted non-removable disk.
-

Also, have a look at

Also, have a look at tlaunch, described in section 4.1, for a different approach. -

+

6.2 Additional software included on Windows

-

To be complete, a T

To be complete, a TEX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows machine. TEX Live provides the missing pieces. These programs are all installed as part of TEX Live only on Windows. -

+

Perl and Ghostscript.
EX Live programs that need them know where to find them, Ghostscript.
PS_View.
Also installed is PS_View, a PostScript and PDF viewer; see figure 12. -

pict -
Figure 12: PS_View: very high magnifications available!
-

-
-dviout.
Also installed is dviout, a DVI viewer. At first, when you preview files with dviout, it will create fonts, - because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the fonts you use, - and you will rarely see the font-creation window. More information can be found in the (highly - recommended) on-line help. +class="ec-lmss-10">dviout, it will create + fonts, because screen fonts were not installed. After a while, you will have created most of the + fonts you use, and you will rarely see the font-creation window. More information can be found + in the (highly recommended) on-line help.
TEX-oriented editor with an integrated PDF viewer.
Command-line tools.
A number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs are installed - along with the usual TA number of Windows ports of common Unix command-line programs are + installed along with the usual TEX Live binaries. These include gzip, zip, unzip, and the utilities from the poppler - suite (unzip, and the utilities + from the poppler suite (pdfinfo, pdffonts, …); no standalone PDF viewer for Windows is included. One option for that is the - Sumatra PDF viewer, available from pdffonts, …); no standalone PDF viewer for Windows is included. + One option for that is the Sumatra PDF viewer, available from https://sumatrapdfreader.org/.
@@ -3509,30 +3492,28 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">https://sumatrapdfreader.org/. class="ec-lmbx-10">fc-list, fc-cache, …
The tools from the fontconfig library allow XeTEX to handle system fonts on Windows. - You can use EX to handle system fonts on + Windows. You can use fc-list to determine the font names to pass to XeTEX’s extended \font command. If - necessary, run \font + command. If necessary, run fc-cache first to update font information.
-

+

6.3 User Profile is Home

-

The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the

The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the %USERPROFILE% directory. Under Windows Vista and later it is C:\Users\<username>. In the texmf.cnf file, and Kpathsea in general, ~ will expand appropriately on both Windows and Unix. - - -

+

6.4 The Windows registry

-

Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically +

Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are HKEY_CURRENT_USER and 6.3). HKLM is normally in a subdirectory of the Windows directory. -

In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information, +

In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information, for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables permanently also requires registry access. -

+ + +

6.5 Windows permissions

-

In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the +

In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the latter have free access to the entire operating system. We have made an effort to make TEX Live installable without administrative privileges. -

If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If +

If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users, and the system search path is modified. Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are created for the current user, and the user search path is modified. -

Regardless of administrator status, the default root of T

Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TEX Live proposed by the installer is always under %SystemDrive%. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current user. -

A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and T

A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TEX already exists in the search path. Since the effective search path consists of the system search path followed by the user search path, the new TEX @@ -3576,14 +3559,14 @@ class="E">EXworks, if installed, also prepends TEX Live to the search path, so it should also be immune to this path problem. -

You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for +

You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator. Instead, right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice ‘Run as administrator’. -

+

6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin

-

Windows and Cygwin (see section 

Windows and Cygwin (see section 3.1.4 for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of memory when running some of the programs shipped with TEX Live. For example, asy might run out of memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and LuaTEX might run out of memory if you try to process a document with a lot of big fonts. -

For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin +

For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin User’s Guide (https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html). -

For Windows, you have to create a file, say

For Windows, you have to create a file, say moremem.reg, with these four lines: -

+

Windows 5.00
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
-

and then execute the command

and then execute the command regedit /s moremem.reg as administrator. (If you want to change memory only for the current user instead of system-wide, use HKEY_CURRENT_USER.) -

+

7 A user’s guide to Web2C

-

Web2C is an integrated collection of T

Web2C is an integrated collection of TEX-related programs: TEX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc. It is the heart of TEX Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manua https://tug.org/web2c. - - -

A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first +

A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first TEX-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in 2006. -

The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. It uses +

The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems. It uses Knuth’s original sources for TEX and other basic programs written in the WEB literate programming system and translates them into C source code. The core TEX programs handled in this way are: -

+

+ +

bibtex
-

Maintaining bibliographies. +

Maintaining bibliographies.

dvicopy
-

Expands virtual font references in DVI files. +

Expands virtual font references in DVI files.

dvitomp
-

DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures). +

DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).

dvitype
-

DVI to human-readable text. +

DVI to human-readable text.

gftodvi
-

Generic font proofsheets. +

Generic font proofsheets.

gftopk
-

Generic to packed fonts. +

Generic to packed fonts.

gftype
-

GF to human-readable text. +

GF to human-readable text.

mf
-

Creating typeface families. +

Creating typeface families.

mft
-

Prettyprinting Metafont source. +

Prettyprinting Metafont source.

mpost
-

Creating technical diagrams. +

Creating technical diagrams.

patgen
-

Creating hyphenation patterns. +

Creating hyphenation patterns.

pktogf
-

Packed to generic fonts. +

Packed to generic fonts.

pktype
-

PK to human-readable text. - - +

PK to human-readable text.

pltotf
-

Plain text property list to TFM. +

Plain text property list to TFM.

pooltype
-

Display

Display WEB pool files.

tangle
-

WEB to Pascal. + +

tex
-

Typesetting. +

Typesetting.

tftopl
-

TFM to plain text property list. +

TFM to plain text property list.

vftovp
-

Virtual font to virtual property list. +

Virtual font to virtual property list.

vptovf
-

Virtual property list to virtual font. +

Virtual property list to virtual font.

weave
-

WEB to TEX.

-

The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual +

The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will help you take advantage of your Web2C installation. -

All programs honor these standard GNU options: +

All programs honor these standard GNU options:

--help
-

print basic usage summary. +

print basic usage summary.

--version
-

print version information, then exit.

-

And most also honor: +

print version information, then exit. +

And most also honor:

--verbose
-

print detailed progress report.

-

For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (

print detailed progress report. +

For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (https://tug.org/kpathsea). This library uses a combination of environment variables and configuration files to optimize searching the @@ -3784,13 +3767,11 @@ class="E">EX’s standard distribution and local and personal searches, the root of each tree has a file ls-R, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for all files under that root. - - -

+

7.1 Kpathsea path searching

-

Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. -

We call a

Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library. +

We call a search path a colon- or semicolon-separated list of path elements, which are basically directory names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file ‘.:/dir’, Kpathsea checks each element of the pat class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file, then /dir/my-file, returning the first match (or possibly all matches). -

In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use +

In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use filename separators different from colon (‘:’) and slash (‘/’). -

To check a particular path element

To check a particular path element p, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database” on page 66) applies to p, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of p. If so, the path specification is matched against the contents of the database. -

Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional + + +

Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea expands a path element, meaning it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following sections in the same order as it takes place. -

Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘

Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘/’ or ‘./’ or ‘../’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists. -

+

7.1.1 Path sources
-

A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: -

+

A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them: +

  1. A user-set environment variable, for instance, TEXINPUTS=/c:/d’ (see below).
  2. The compile-time default.
-

You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” +

You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions” on page 69). -

+

7.1.2 Config files
-

Kpathsea reads

Kpathsea reads runtime configuration files named texmf.cnf for search path and other definitions. The search path TEXMFCNF is used to look for these files, but we do not recommend setting this (or any) environment variable to override the system directories. -

Instead, normal installation results in a file

Instead, normal installation results in a file .../2020/texmf.cnf. If you must make changes to the defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in .../2020/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost when the distributed version is updated. -

As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an +

As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an environment variable is a reasonable method: @@ -3876,7 +3859,7 @@ environment variable is a reasonable method:

  TEXINPUTS=.:/my/macro/dir:
-

To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘

To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘:’ (‘;’ on Windows) to insert the system paths, instead of trying to write them all out explicitly (see section 7.1.4). Anoth TEXMFHOME tree (see section 3.2.3). -

All texmf.cnf files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later files. For example, with a search path of texmf.cnf values are related to path expansion, and since various special characters are used in expansion (see section 7.1.7), such as braces and commas, they cannot be used in directory names. -

A ‘

A ‘;’ in value is translated to ‘:’ if running under Unix, in order to have a single texmf.cnf that can support both Unix and Windows systems. This translation happens with any value, not just search paths, but fortunately in practice ‘;’ is not needed in other values. -

The

The $var.prog feature is not available on the right-hand side;

  • All definitions are read before anything is expanded, so variables can be referenced before they are defined.
    • -

    A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: -

    +

    A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below: +

      = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
    -

    +

    7.1.3 Path expansion
    -

    Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in +

    Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in Unix shells. As a general example, the path baz. These expansions are explained in the sections below.

    7.1.4 Default expansion
    -

    If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 

    If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 61) contains an extra colon (i.e., leading, trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If @@ -4038,7 +4021,7 @@ that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. F environment variable setting

    -

    +

    > TEXINPUTS value from texmf.cnf of
    -

    +

      .:$TEXMF//tex @@ -4059,23 +4042,23 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex
    then the final value used for searching will be:
    -

    +

      /home/karl:.:$TEXMF//tex
    -

    Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one +

    Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one extra ‘:’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘:’, then a trailing ‘:’, then a doubled ‘:’. -

    +

    7.1.5 Brace expansion
    -

    A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance,

    A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, v{a,b}w expands to vaw:vbw. Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple T  TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}

    -

    We then use this to define, for example, the T

    We then use this to define, for example, the TEX input path: @@ -4098,7 +4081,7 @@ class="E">EX input path:

      TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
    -

    which means that, after looking in the current directory, the

    which means that, after looking in the current directory, the $TEXMFVAR/tex, $TEXMFHOME/tex, $TEXMFLOCAL/tex and $TEXMFDIST/tex trees will be searched (the last two using ls-R data base files). -

    +

    7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion
    -

    Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory

    Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory d is replaced by all subdirectories of d: first those subdirectories directly under d, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the order in which the directories are searched is unspecified. -

    If you specify any filename components after the ‘

    If you specify any filename components after the ‘//’, only subdirectories with matching components are included. For example, ‘/a//b’ expands into directories /a/1/1/b, and so on, but not /a/b/c or /a/1. -

    Multiple ‘

    Multiple ‘//’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘//’ at the beginning of a path is ignored. -

    +

    7.1.7 Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files
    -

    The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration +

    The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration files. -

    +

    :
    -

    Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle, +

    Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle, it substitutes the default path expansion.

    ;
    -

    Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like

    Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like :).

    $
    -

    Variable expansion. +

    Variable expansion.

    ~
    -

    Represents the user’s home directory. +

    Represents the user’s home directory.

    {...}
    -

    Brace expansion. +

    Brace expansion.

    ,
    -

    Separates items in brace expansion. +

    Separates items in brace expansion.

    //
    -

    Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning). +

    Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).

    %
    -

    Start of comment. +

    Start of comment.

    \
    -

    At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries. +

    At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.

    !!
    -

    Search

    Search only database to locate file, do not search the disk.

    -

    Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is +

    Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is used. The rules are inherent in the multiple levels of interpretation of the configuration (parsing, expansion, search, …) and so cannot be concisely stated, unfortunately. There is no general escape mechanism; in particular, ‘\’ is not an “escape character” in texmf.cnf files. -

    When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all. -

    +

    When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all. +

    7.2 Filename databases

    -

    Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard T

    Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TEX Live, or at any installation with enough directories, searching every possible directory for a given file will take an excessively long time. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built plain text “database” file named ls-R that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the disk. -

    A second database file

    A second database file aliases allows you to give additional names to the files listed in ls-R. -

    +

    7.2.1 The filename database
    -

    As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be

    As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be ls-R. You can put one at the root of each TEX hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched ($TEXMF by default). Kpathsea looks for ls-R files along the TEXMFDBS path. -

    The recommended way to create and maintain ‘

    The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ls-R’ is to run the mktexlsr script included with the distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘mktex’… scripts. In principle, this script just runs the command

    -

    +

    cd cron, so that it is automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a LATEX package. -

    If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular +

    If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular path element begins with ‘!!’, however, only the database will be searched for that element, never the disk. -

    +

    7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
    -

    The

    The kpsewhich program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful as a sort of find program to locate files in TEX hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed class="ec-lmtt-10">mktex’… scripts).

    -

    +

    > option start with either ‘-’ or ‘--’, and any unambiguous abbreviation is accepted. -

    Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file +

    Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘find’ utility for that). -

    The most common options are described next. -

    +

    The most common options are described next. +

    --dpi=num
    -

    Set the resolution to

    Set the resolution to num; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. ‘dvips. Default is 600. class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=name

    -



    Set the format for lookup to name. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and @@ -4326,7 +4309,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help-formats for a list. class="ec-lmtt-10">--mode=string

    -



    Set the mode name to string; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. No default: any mode will --must-exist

    -



    Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficiency. @@ -4345,7 +4328,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficienc class="ec-lmtt-10">--path=string

    -



    Search along the path string (colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from the filename. ‘--format’ class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=name

    -



    Set the program name to name. This can affect the search paths via the .kpsewhich. class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=name

    -



    shows the path used for file lookups of file type name. Either a filename extension (.pk, --format’ option. class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=num

    -



    sets the debugging options to num.

    -

    +

    7.2.3 Examples of use
    -

    Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search: +

    Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:

    -

    +

    > texmf-dist’ TEX Live directory. Similarly, all of the following are found without problems thanks to their unambiguous suffix.
    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf-dist/bibtex/bib/beebe/tugboat.bib
    -

    By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for

    By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for TUGboat articles.

    -

    +

    > .pk’ files in TEX Live — the Type 1 variants are used by default.
    -

    +

    > ljfour with a base resolution of 600dpi (dots per inch), this instantiation is returned.
    -

    +

    > xdvi would go off and actually build the required .pk files using the script mktexpk. -

    Next we turn our attention to

    Next we turn our attention to dvips’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly used files, the general prologue tex.pro for Tdvips config) for the file config.ps.

    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map
    -

    We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard +

    We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard font naming scheme is ‘utm’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the map file:

    -

    +

    >  /usr/local/texmf-dist/dvips/psnfss/config.utm
    The contents of that file is
    -

    +

      p +utm.map
    which points to the file utm.map, which we want to locate next.
    -

    +

    >  /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/times/utm.map This map file defines the file names of the Type 1 PostScript fonts in the URW collection. Its contents look like (we only show part of the lines):
    -

    +

    utmb8r utmr8a.pfb and find its position in the texmf directory tree with a search for Type 1 font files:
    -

    +

    >   /usr/local/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/urw/times/utmr8a.pfb
    -

    It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is +

    It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since kpsewhich will show you the first file encountered. -

    +

    7.2.4 Debugging actions
    -

    Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical, +

    Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical, Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output: -

    +

     1
    -

    stat calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date ls-R database this should almost give no output. @@ -4695,49 +4678,49 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R database this should almost  2

    -

    References to hash tables (such as

    References to hash tables (such as ls-R databases, map files, configuration files).

     4
    -

    File open and close operations. +

    File open and close operations.

     8
    -

    General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a +

    General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a particular path for the file was defined.

    16
    -

    Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk). +

    Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).

    32
    -

    File searches. +

    File searches.

    64
    -

    Variable values.

    -

    A value of

    Variable values. +

    A value of -1 will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient. -

    Similarly, with the

    Similarly, with the dvips program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the problem is. -

    Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by +

    Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by using the KPATHSEA_DEBUG environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the above list. -

    (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic +

    (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic purposes you can temporarily SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log). -

    Let us consider, as an example, a small LAT

    Let us consider, as an example, a small LATEX source file, hello-world.tex, which contains the following input. @@ -4750,14 +4733,14 @@ input. id="x1-66006r3">  Hello World!
      \end{document}

    -

    This little file only uses the font

    This little file only uses the font cmr10, so let us look at how dvips prepares the PostScript file (we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option -Pcms).

    -

    +

    >  -o class="ec-lmss-10">dvips’s debug class 4 (font paths) with Kpathsea’s path element expansion (see the dvips reference manual). The output (slightly rearranged) appears in Figure 13. -

    12. +

    @@ -4846,12 +4829,12 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9"> path=.:~/tex/dvips//:!!/usr/local/texmf/dvips//).kdebug:search(config.cms)
    =>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
    Figure 13: Finding configuration files
    +>Figure 12: Finding configuration files
    -

    dvips starts by locating its working files. First, texmf.cnf is found, which gives the definitions of the search paths for the other files, then the file database TEX, PostScript and file system names of the fonts.

    -

    +

    > psfonts.map, which is always loaded (it contains declarations for commonly used PostScript fonts; see the last part of section 7.2.3 for more details about PostScript map file handling). -

    At this point

    At this point dvips identifies itself to the user:

    -

    +

    This is (www.radicaleye.com)
    Then it goes on to look for the prolog file texc.pro:
    -

    +


    kdebug:start search(file=texc.pro, => /usr/local/texmf/dvips/base/texc.pro
    -

    After having found the file in question,

    After having found the file in question, dvips outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate the file hello-world.ps, then that it needs the font file cmr10, and that the latter is declared as “resident” (no bitmaps needed):

    -

    +


    TeX outputcmr10.pfb of the font is located and included in the output file (see last line).
    -

    +


    kdebug:start search(file=cmr10.tfm,<cmr10.pfb>[1]

    7.3 Runtime options

    -

    Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular, +

    Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular, array sizes) via the runtime file texmf.cnf read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of that file in the TEX Live distribution. The more important are: -

    +

    main_memory
    -

    Total words of memory available, for T

    Total words of memory available, for TEX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of TEX, and call @@ -5066,7 +5049,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf. extra_mem_bot

    -

    Extra space for “large” T

    Extra space for “large” TEX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you use PI CTEX. @@ -5074,44 +5057,44 @@ class="E">EX. font_mem_size

    -

    Number of words for font information available for T

    Number of words for font information available for TEX. This is more or less the total size of all TFM files read.

    hash_extra
    -

    Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Only

    Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names. Only ≈10,000 control sequences can be stored in the main hash table; if you have a large book with numerous cross-references, this might not be enough. The default value of hash_extra is 50000.

    -

    This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely +

    This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely difficult to implement in the present TEX source, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise allowing some flexibility. -

    +

    7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR

    -

    In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with

    In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with . (to search the current directory first), as in

    -

    +


    TEXINPUTS=.;$TEXMF/tex//
    -

    This is a simplification. The

    This is a simplification. The texmf.cnf file we distribute in TEX Live uses $TEXMFDOTDIR instead of just ‘.’, as in:

    -

    +


    TEXINPUTS=$TEXMFDOTDIR;$TEXMF/tex// @@ -5121,7 +5104,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-9">TEXINPUTS=$TEXMFDOTDIR;$TEXMF/tex// class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/tex//. But that’s minor; here we want to discuss the $TEXMFDOTDIR feature.) -

    The reason to use the variable

    The reason to use the variable $TEXMFDOTDIR in the path definitions instead of simply ‘.’ is purely so that it can be overridden. For example, a complex document may have many source files arranged in many @@ -5132,19 +5115,19 @@ build the document) and they will all get searched. (Warning: don’t use .// by default; it’s usually highly undesirable, and potentially insecure, to search through all subdirectories for an arbitrary document.) -

    As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for +

    As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for all the files to be found via explicit paths. You can set $TEXMFDOTDIR to, say, /nonesuch or any other nonexistent directory for this. -

    The default value of

    The default value of $TEXMFDOTDIR is just ‘.’, as set in our texmf.cnf. -

    +

    8 Acknowledgements

    -

    T

    TEX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TEX user groups. This edition of TEX Live was overseen by @@ -5340,7 +5323,7 @@ class="E">EX Catalogue.

  • Hironobu Yamashita, for much work on pTEX and related support.
    • -

    Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (

    Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (amd64-netbsd, i386-netbsd), Ken Brown (i386-cygwin, @@ -5366,7 +5349,7 @@ class="E">EX Live build process, see https://tug.org/texlive/build.html. -

    Translators of this manual: Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French), Carlos Enriquez Figueras +

    Translators of this manual: Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French), Carlos Enriquez Figueras (Spanish), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, & Helin Gai (Chinese), Nikola Lečić (Serbian), Marco Pallante & Carla Maggi (Italian), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris Veytsman (Russian), Zofia Walczak (Polish), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German). The TEX Live documentation web page is https://tug.org/texlive/doc.html. -

    Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing T

    Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TEX, and then for giving it to the world. -

    +

    9 Release history

    -

    +

    9.1 Past

    -

    Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch T

    Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TEX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTEX CD for MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too @@ -5407,7 +5390,7 @@ class="E">EX CD showed that Unix users would benefit from a similarly easy system, and this is the other main strand of TEX Live. -

    We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified +

    We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified Thomas Esser’s teTEX as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996. @@ -5427,7 +5410,7 @@ class="E">EX, and a new release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup, thanks to Fabrice Popineau. -

    For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of +

    For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for TEX Live 5 was that all non-free software was removed. Everything in Thttps://debian.org/intro/free); we have done our best to check the license conditions of all packages, but we would very much appreciate hearing of any mistakes. -

    The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept: +

    The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept: the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate language.dat. -

    The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to +

    The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTEX, to correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6. -

    +

    9.1.1 2003
    -

    In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that T

    In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TEX Live had grown so large it could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section 2.1, @@ -5504,10 +5487,10 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf/web2c/cp8bit.tcx. (Future releases

  • Finally, since the edition numbers had grown unwieldy, the version is now simply identified by the year: TEX Live 2003.
    • -

    +

    9.1.2 2004
    -

    2004 saw many changes: +

    2004 saw many changes:

      @@ -5515,7 +5498,7 @@ class="E">EX Live 2003.
    class="ec-lmtt-10">.map or (much less likely) .enc support files, you may need to move those support files. -

    .map files are now searched for in subdirectories of fonts/map only (in each texmf tree), along @@ -5526,7 +5509,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc only, along the ENCFONTS path. updmap will attempt to warn about problematic files. -

    For methods of handling this and other information, please see +

    For methods of handling this and other information, please see https://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html. @@ -5602,7 +5585,7 @@ class="E">EXt, etc., as well as the e-TEX features (texmf-dist/doc/etex/base/). -

    It also means it’s

    It also means it’s more important than ever to use the ifpdf package (works with both plain and LATmpost) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and id="x1-73002r1">\input "filename with spaces"   % plain
    \input{"filename with spaces"}  % latex

    -

    See the Web2C manual for more:

    See the Web2C manual for more: texmf-dist/doc/web2c.

  • encTt1utils programs. This is because they are compiled wi class="ec-lmss-10">mips-irix, the MIPSpro 7.4 runtimes are required.
    • -

    +

    9.1.3 2005
    -

    2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively +

    2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:

    • New scripts ^^ notation if you so desire,
      latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
    -

    +

  • The new program dvipdfmx is included for translation of DVI to PDF; this is an actively maintained @@ -5816,10 +5799,10 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFSYSVAR, respectively. There is also TEXMFVAR, which is by default user-specific. See the first point above.
    • -

    +

    9.1.4 2006–2007
    -

    In 2006–2007, the major new addition to T

    In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TEX Live was the XeTEX program, available as the xetex and @@ -5827,14 +5810,14 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">xetex and class="ec-lmtt-10">xelatex programs; see https://scripts.sil.org/xetex. -

    MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (

    MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (https://tug.org/metapost/articles), likewise pdfTEX (https://tug.org/applications/pdftex). -

    The T

    The TEX .fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now stored in subdirectories of tex or pdftex or xetex. This change should be invisible in normal use. -

    The (plain)

    The (plain) tex program no longer reads %& first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure Knuthian TEX. (LATEX and everything else do still read %& lines). -

    Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual, +

    Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual, please check CTAN (https://ctan.org) for updates. -

    Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree, +

    Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree, as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a stable development foundation for future years. -

    Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teT

    Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTEX (EX Live, which provides an approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the TEX environment for everyone. -

    +

    9.1.5 2008
    -

    In 2008, the entire T

    In 2008, the entire TEX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an installation is now stored in a plain text file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb. -

    Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a T

    Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TEX Live installation over the Internet after the initial installation, a feature MiKTEX has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new packages as they are released to CTAN. -

    The major new engine LuaT

    The major new engine LuaTEX (http://luatex.org) is included; besides a new level of flexibility in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of TEX documents. -

    Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most +

    Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with TEX Live. -

    The new

    The new tlmgr script (section 5) is the general interface for managing TEX Live after the initial installation. It handles package updates and consequent regeneration of formats, map files, and language files, optionally including local additions. -

    With the advent of

    With the advent of tlmgr, the texconfig actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are now disabled. -

    The

    The xindy indexing program (http://xindy.sourceforge.net/) is now included on most platforms. -

    The

    The kpsewhich tool can now report all matches for a given file (option –all) and limit matches to a given subdirectory (option –subdir). -

    The

    The dvipdfmx program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command name extractbb; this was one of the last features provided by dvipdfm not in dvipdfmx. -

    The font aliases

    The font aliases Times-Roman, Helvetica, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve this. -

    The

    The platex format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese platex; the polski package is now the main Polish support. -

    Internally, the

    Internally, the WEB string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades. -

    Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘T

    Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TEX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf. -

    +

    9.1.6 2009
    -

    In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L

    In 2009, the default output format for Lua(LA )TEX is now PDF, to take advantage of LuaTEX’s OpenType @@ -5954,9 +5937,9 @@ LuaTEX home page is http://luatex.org. -

    The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega +

    The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities. -

    A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape +

    A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdfhttps://ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html. -

    The new GUI front end T

    The new GUI front end TEXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTEX. For other platforms, and more information, see the TEXworks home page, https://tug.org/texworks. It is a cross-platform front-end inspired by the Mac OS X TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use. -

    The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics +

    The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home page is https://asymptote.sourceforge.io. -

    The separate

    The separate dvipdfm program has been replaced by dvipdfmx, which operates in a special compatibility mode under that name. dvipdfmx includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years since the last dvipdfm release. -

    Executables for the

    Executables for the cygwin and i386-netbsd platforms are now included, while we were advised that OpenBSD users get TEX through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that have a chance of working on more than one version. -

    A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use

    A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use xz compression, the stable replacement for lzma ($ is allowed in filenames when it does n name; the Kpathsea library is now multi-threaded (made use of in MetaPost); the entire TEX Live build is now based on Automake. -

    Final note on the past: all releases of T

    Final note on the past: all releases of TEX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are available at ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive. -

    +

    9.1.7 2010
    -

    In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the +

    In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the TEX engines when used to produce PDF and to dvipdfmx. Loading the \pdfminorversion=4. -

    pdf(L

    pdf(LA )TEX now automatically converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the @@ -6040,7 +6023,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">epstopdf package documentation (https://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg). -

    A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from T

    A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TEX, via the \write18 feature, is now enabled by default. These commands are  conf texmf shell_escape 0. -

    Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an +

    Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an arbitrary directory (like TEX itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted \write18. To change this, the TEXMFOUTPUT environment variable can be set, or the openout_any setting changed. -

    XeT

    XeTEX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTEX. (Font expansion is not presently supported.) -

    By default,

    By default, tlmgr now saves one backup of each package updated (tlmgr option autobackup 1), so broken package updates can be easily reverted with tlmgr restore. If you do post-install updates, and don’t have the disk space for the backups, run tlmgr option autobackup 0. -

    New programs included: the pT

    New programs included: the pTEX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the chktex utility (originally from EX documents; the dvisvgm (https://dvisvgm.de) DVI-to-SVG translator. -

    Executables for these new platforms are now included:

    Executables for these new platforms are now included: amd64-freebsd, amd64-kfreebsd, i386-freebsd, @@ -6098,7 +6081,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd, class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-kfreebsd, x86_64-darwin, x86_64-solaris. -

    A change in T

    A change in TEX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TEX4ht-related executables (https://tug.org/tex4ht) were removed from the bina class="ec-lmtt-10">mk4ht program can be used to run any of the various tex4ht combinations. -

    Finally, the T

    Finally, the TEX Live release on the TEX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A single DVD no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical DVD is much faster. -

    +

    9.1.8 2011
    -

    The Mac OS X binaries (

    The Mac OS X binaries (universal-darwin and x86_64-darwin) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther and Tiger are no longer supported. -

    The

    The biber program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is closely coupled with the biblatex package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities provided by LaTeX. -

    The MetaPost (

    The MetaPost (mpost) program no longer creates or uses .mem files. The needed files, such as plain.mp, are simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant though not user-visible change. -

    The

    The updmap implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used on all platforms. There shouldn’t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much faster. -

    The

    The initex and inimf programs were restored (but no other ini* variants). -

    +

    9.1.9 2012
    -

    tlmgr supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the tlmgr help output has more. -

    The parameter

    The parameter \XeTeXdashbreakstate is set to 1 by default, for both xetex and xelatex. This allows line @@ -6158,51 +6141,51 @@ etc. Existing XeTEX documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set \XeTeXdashbreakstate to 0 explicitly. -

    The output files generated by

    The output files generated by pdftex and dvips, among others, can now exceed 2 gigabytes. -

    The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of

    The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of dvips by default, since so many different versions of them are extant. -

    In the restricted

    In the restricted \write18 execution mode, set by default, mpost is now an allowed program. -

    A

    A texmf.cnf file is also found in ../texmf-local, e.g., /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf, if it exists. -

    The

    The updmap script reads a per-tree updmap.cfg instead of one global config. This change should be invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg’s directly. The updmap --help output has more. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: armel-linux and mipsel-linux added; sparc-linux and i386-netbsd are no longer in the main distribution. -

    +

    9.1.10 2013
    -

    Distribution layout: the top-level

    Distribution layout: the top-level texmf/ directory has been merged into texmf-dist/, for simplicity. Both the TEXMFMAIN and TEXMFDIST Kpathsea variables now point to texmf-dist. -

    Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation. -

    MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added. -

    LuaT

    Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation. +

    MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added. +

    LuaTEX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (pdfscanner) to process external PDF page content, among much else (see its web pages). -

    XeT

    XeTEX (also see its web pages for more):

    • The HarfBuzz library is now used for font layout instead of ICU. (ICU is still used to support @@ -6219,15 +6202,15 @@ class="E">EX and xdvipdfmx.
    • Support OpenType math cut-ins.
    -

    xdvi: now uses FreeType instead of t1lib for rendering. -

    microtype.sty: some support for XeTEX (protrusion) and LuaTEX (protrusion, font expansion, tracking), among other enhancements. -

    tlmgr: new pinning action to ease configuring multiple repositories; that section in tlmgr --help has more, online at https://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: armhf-linux, mips-irix, i386-netbsd, and amd64-netbsd added or revived; powerpc-aix removed. -

    +

    9.1.11 2014
    -

    2014 saw another T

    2014 saw another TEX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the restoration of the preloaded format string on the banner line. Per Knuth, this now reflects the format that would be loaded by default, rather than an undumped format that is actually preloaded in the binary; it may be overridden in various ways. -

    pdfT

    pdfTEX: new warning-suppression parameter \pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup; new primitives for fake interword spaces to help with PDF text reflowing: \pdfinterwordspaceon, \pdfinterwordspaceoff, \pdffakespace. -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a new engine variant, luajittex and its siblings

    XeT

    XeTEX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode compatibility decomposition fallback (but not other variants); prefer OpenType to Graphite fonts, for compatibility with previous XeTEX versions. -

    MetaPost: A new numbersystem

    MetaPost: A new numbersystem decimal is supported, along with a companion internal numberprecision; a new definition of drawdot in plain.mp, per Knuth; bug fixes in SVG and PNG output, among others. -

    The

    The pstopdf ConTEXt utility will be removed as a standalone command at some point after the release, due to conflicts with OS utilities of the same name. It can still (and now) be invoked as mtxrun –script pstopdf. -

    psutils has been substantially revised by a new maintainer. As a result, several seldom-used utilities (fix*, scripts/ directory rather than being user-level executables (this can be reversed if it turns out to be problematic). A new script, psjoin, has been added. -

    The MacT

    The MacTEX redistribution of TEX Live (section 3.1.2) no longer includes the optional Mac-only @@ -6318,17 +6301,17 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">convert program from ImageMagick has also been excised class="E">EX4ht (specifically tex4ht.env) now uses Ghostscript directly. -

    The

    The langcjk collection for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean support has been split into individual language collections for the sake of more moderate sizes. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: x86_64-cygwin added, mips-irix removed; Microsoft no longer supports Windows XP, so our programs may start failing there at any time. -

    +

    9.1.12 2015
    -

    LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the

    LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the fixltx2e package, which is now a no-op. A new latexrelease package and other mechanisms allow for controlling what is @@ -6340,34 +6323,34 @@ and psnfss packages, while core parts of LATEX, are maintained separately and are not affected by these changes (and should still work). -

    Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters, +

    Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters, naming of primitives, etc.) which was previously part of TEX Live. This change is intended to be invisible to users; a few low-level internal control sequences have been renamed or removed, but the behavior should be just the same. -

    pdfT

    pdfTEX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if \pdfinclusionerrorlevel is negative; sync with xpdf 3.04. -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: New library newtokenlib for scanning tokens; bug fixes in the normal random number generator and other places. -

    XeT

    XeTEX: Image handling fixes; xdvipdfmx binary looked for first as a sibling to xetex; internal XDV opcodes changed. -

    MetaPost: New numbersystem

    MetaPost: New numbersystem binary; new Japanese-enabled upmpost and updvitomp programs, analogous to up*tex. -

    MacT

    MacTEX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TEX Distribution Preference Pane now works in Yosemite (Mac OS X 10.10). Resource-fork font suitcases (generally @@ -6375,7 +6358,7 @@ without an extension) are no longer supported by XeTEX; data-fork suitcases (.dfont) remain supported. -

    Infrastructure: The

    Infrastructure: The fmtutil script has been reimplemented to read fmtutil.cnf on a per-tree basis, analogous to mktextfm, mktexpk) now prefer programs in their own directory, instead of always using the existing PATH. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: *-kfreebsd removed, since TEX Live is now easily available through the system platform mechanisms. Support for some additional platforms is available as custom binaries @@ -6394,10 +6377,10 @@ platform mechanisms. Support for some additional platforms is available as custo href="https://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html" class="url" >https://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html). In addition, some platforms are now omitted from the DVD (simply to save space), but can be installed normally over the net. -

    +

    9.1.13 2016
    -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure rearrangements. The changes are summarized in an article by Hans Hagen, “LuaTEX 0.90 backend changes for @@ -6409,10 +6392,10 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb37-1/tb115hagen-pdf.pdf) LuaTEX manual, texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatex.pdf. -

    Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont, +

    Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont, for trial testing purposes. -

    MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0. -

    MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0. +

    SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support in all engines except LuaTEX (which will come in the next release) and original \day, \time. The pdfTEX manual has examples and details. -

    pdfT

    pdfTEX: new primitives \pdfinfoomitdate, \pdftrailerid, \pdfsuppressptexinfo, to control values appearing in the output which normally change with each run. These features are for PDF output only, not DVI. -

    XeT

    XeTEX: New primitives \XeTeXhyphenatablelength, \XeTeXgenerateactualtext,
    \XeTeXinterwordspaceshaping, \mdfivesum; character class limit increased to 4096; DVI id byte incremented. -

    Other utilities: +

    Other utilities:

    • gregorio is a new program, part of the -a omits all
    • ps2pk can handle extended PK/GF fonts.
    -

    MacT

    MacTEX: The TEX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility; bundled GUI applications upgraded; new script cjk-gs-integrate to be run by users who wish to incorporate various CJK fonts into Ghostscript. -

    Infrastructure: System-level

    Infrastructure: System-level tlmgr configuration file supported; verify package checksums; if GPG is available, verify signature of network updates. These checks happen with both the installer and tlmgr. If GPG is not available, updates proceed as usual. -

    Platforms:

    Platforms: alpha-linux and mipsel-linux removed. -

    +

    9.1.14 2017
    -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; ffi library for dynamic code loading added on some platforms. -

    pdfT

    pdfTEX: Environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_TEX_PRIMITIVES from last year renamed to \pdfpageattr token list contains the string /MediaBox, omit output of the default /MediaBox. -

    XeT

    XeTEX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug fixes. -

    Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with

    Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with dvipdfmx and package expectations; the -L0 option (L0 config setting) restores the previous behavior of the first special winning. -

    epT

    epTEX, eupTEX: New primitives \pdfuniformdeviate, \pdfsetrandomseed, \pdfelapsedtime, \pdfresettimer, from pdfTEX. -

    MacT

    MacTEX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches will be supported in MacTEX, under the platform name x86_64-darwinlegacy, i386-darwin, powerpc-darwin). -

    Infrastructure: The

    Infrastructure: The TEXMFLOCAL tree is now searched before TEXMFSYSCONFIG and TEXMFSYSVAR (by @@ -6538,7 +6521,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">conf auxtrees to easily add and remove extra trees. -

    updmap and fmtutil: These scripts now give a warning when invoked without explicitly specifying either so-called system mode (https://tug.org/texlive/scripts-sys-user.html for details. -

    install-tl: Personal paths such as TEXMFHOME are now set to MacTEX values (-init-from-profile to start an installation with the v new command P to explicitly save a profile; new profile variable names (but previous ones are still accepted). -

    SyncT

    SyncTEX: the name of the temporary file now looks like foo.synctex(busy), instead of foo.synctex.gz(busy) (no .gz). Front-ends and build systems that want to remove temp files may need adjusting. -

    Other utilities:

    Other utilities: texosquery-jre8 is a new cross-platform program for retrieving locale and other OS information from a TEX document; it is included in shell_escape_commands by default for restricted shell execution. (Older JRE versions are supported by texosquery, but cannot be enabled in restricted mode, as they are no longer supported by Oracle, even for security issues.) -

    Platforms: See MacT

    Platforms: See MacTEX entry above; no other changes. -

    +

    9.1.15 2018
    -

    Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set

    Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set texmf.cnf or environment variable texmf_casefold_search to 0 to disable. Full details in the Kpathsea manual (https://tug.org/kpathsea). -

    epT

    epTEX, eupTEX: New primitive \epTeXversion. -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary luatex53 is available on most platforms, but must be renamed to EXt Garden (https://wiki.contextgarden.net) files; more information there. -

    MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output. -

    pdfT

    MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output. +

    pdfTEX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for \pdfprimitive and related. -

    XeT

    XeTEX: Support /Rotate in PDF image inclusion; exit nonzero if the output driver fails; various obscure UTF-8 and other primitive fixes. -

    MacT

    MacTEX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in /Applications/TeX/ by MacTEX have been reorganized for greater clarity; now this location contains four GUI programs (BibDesk, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop) at the top level and folders with additional utilities and documentation. -

    tlmgr: new front-ends tlshell (Tcl/Tk) and tlcockpit (Java); JSON output; uninstall now a synonym for remove; new action/option print-platform-info. -

    Platforms: +

    Platforms:

    • Removed: armel-linux, i386-darwin class="ec-lmtt-10">platforms have been removed.
    • Windows: XP is no longer supported.
    -

    +

    9.1.16 2019
    -

    Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable

    Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable TEXMFDOTDIR instead of hard-coded . in paths allows for easily searching additional or sub-directories (see comments in texmf.cnf). -

    epT

    epTEX, eupTEX: New primitives \readpapersizespecial and \expanded. -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library pplib is used to read pdf files, thus eliminating the dependency on poppler (and the need for C++); Lua interface changed accordingly. -

    MetaPost:

    MetaPost: r-mpost command name recognized as an alias for invocation with the –restricted option, and added to the list of restricted commands available by default. Minimum precision now 2 for decimal and binary mode. Binary mode no longer available in MPlib but still available in standalone MetaPost. -

    pdfT

    pdfTEX: New primitive \expanded; if new primitive parameter \pdfomitcharset is set to 1, the /CharSet string omitted from the PDF output, since it cannot feasibly be guaranteed correct, as required by PDF/A-2 and PDF/A-3. -

    XeT

    XeTEX: New primitives \expanded, \creationdate, \uniformdeviate, \randomseed; extend \Ucharcat to produce active characters. -

    tlmgr: Support curl as a download program; use lz4 and gzip before T< class="E">EX Live for compressor and download programs, unless the environment variable TEXLIVE_PREFER_OWN is set. -

    install-tl: New option -gui (with no argument) is the default on Windows and Macs, and invokes a new Tcl/TK GUI (see sections 1.3 and 3.1.6). -

    Utilities: +

    Utilities:

    -

    MacT

    MacTEX: x86_64-darwin now supports 10.12 and higher (Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave); x86_64-darwinlegacy still supports 10.6 and newer. The spell checker Excalibur is no longer included, since it requires 32-bit support. -

    Platforms: removed

    Platforms: removed sparc-solaris. -

    +

    9.2 Present: 2020

    -

    General: +

    General:

    • The \input primitive in all T News #31, href="https://latex-project.org/news" class="url" >https://latex-project.org/news).
    -

    epT

    epTEX, eupTEX: New primitives \Uchar, \fontchar?? and \iffontchar. For eupTEX only: \currentcjktoken. -

    LuaT

    LuaTEX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines luahbtex (used for lualatex) and @@ -6796,30 +6779,30 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\eTeXglueshrink, \eTeXglueorder. -

    pdfT

    pdfTEX: New primitive \pdfmajorversion; this merely changes the version number in the PDF output; it has no effect on any PDF content. \pdfximage and similar now search for image files in the same way as \openin. -

    pT

    pTEX: New primitives \ifjfont, \iftfont. Also in epTEX, upTEX, eupTEX. -

    XeT

    XeTEX: Fixes for \Umathchardef, \XeTeXinterchartoks, \pdfsavepos. -

    Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities +

    Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities (https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125rokicki-type3search.pdf). -

    MacT

    MacTEX: MacTEX and x86_64-darwin now require 10.13 or higher (High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina); @@ -6832,7 +6815,7 @@ not in MacTEX because they are not notarized, but a README file lists urls where they can be obtained. -

    tlmgr and infrastructure:

    • Automatically retry (once) packages that fail to download. @@ -6853,10 +6836,10 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">.rNNN.tar.xz; class="ec-lmtt-10">catalogue-date information no longer propagated from the TEX Catalogue, since it was often unrelated to package updates.
    -

    +

    9.3 Future

    -

    T

    TEX Live is not perfect, and never will be. We intend to continue to release new versions, and would like to provide more documentation, more programs, an ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts, and anything else TEX. This work is all done by volunteers in their spare t do. Please see https://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html. -

    Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to: +

    Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:

    -

    tex-live@tug.org
    https://tug.org/texlive

    -

    Happy T