From 0ed8c3b79d4d60feca2ebd474727ac34dfd113ea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2009 23:56:34 +0000 Subject: latex2e-help-texinfo (sep09) git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@15392 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog | 8 + .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile | 7 + .../texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS | 6 + .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README | 2 +- .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk | 378 ++-- .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dvi | Bin 594424 -> 0 bytes .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html | 1477 +++++++-------- .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf | Bin 740914 -> 879499 bytes .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi | 375 ++-- .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt | 1890 ++++++++++---------- .../doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml | 296 +-- Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info | 777 ++++---- Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds | 24 +- 13 files changed, 2772 insertions(+), 2468 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dvi (limited to 'Master') diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog index 88a2c7beb97..b77833e1d4e 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/ChangeLog @@ -1,3 +1,11 @@ +2009-09-07 Karl Berry + + * September 2009 release for TL 2009. + +2009-04-23 Karl Berry + + * latex2e.texi (Indexes): add considerably more info. + 2008-06-12 Karl Berry * 2.0 release for ctan.org/get/doc/latex-info, and TeX Live 2008. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile index f2ef4f052b3..723d79f2d81 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/Makefile @@ -37,3 +37,10 @@ mostlyclean clean: realclean distclean: clean rm -f $(all) + +dist: all + tar cvzf latex2e-help-texinfo.tgz \ + ChangeLog Makefile NEWS README \ + latex2e.texi ltx-help.el \ + $(tex_output) $(makeinfo_output) + @ls -l latex2e-help-texinfo.tgz diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS index 006d315db78..d1bb1cae2c3 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/NEWS @@ -1,5 +1,11 @@ NEWS for latex2e.texi, aka the latex2e-help-texinfo package. +---------------------------------------------------------------- +Changes in September 2009 release: + +A bit more about figures and indexes, use of @table where appropriate in +the source, usual array of minor fixes, added references, etc. + ---------------------------------------------------------------- Changes in release 2.0: diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README index 66f243a1375..45ff5245e49 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/README @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Copyright 2008 Karl Berry. +Copyright 2008, 2009 Karl Berry. You may freely use, modify and/or distribute this file. This project is an attempt to write a reference manual for core LaTeX. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk index 8d7d14494a2..2efdec9b56a 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dbk @@ -4,16 +4,19 @@ ]> - &latex;2e reference manual 2.0 + &latex;2e reference manual (September 2009) - - + + + + + + - This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an -unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation -system. &latex; is a macro package for &tex;. + This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a +document preparation system, version as of September 2009. This was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The @@ -25,7 +28,7 @@ using Hypertext Help with &latex;, by Sheldon Green, and and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as &tex;niques number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). - Copyright © 2007, 2008 Karl Berry. + Copyright © 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry. Copyright © 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. Copyright © 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of @@ -41,10 +44,10 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. &latex;2e - This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an -unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation -system. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the -standard version of &latex; for many years. + This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a +document preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is +intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of +&latex; for many years. Knuth, Donald E.Lamport, Leslie&latex; Project team&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's &tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers @@ -1229,7 +1232,7 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. <literal>figure</literal> figureinserting figuresfigures, inserting -\begin{figure}[placement] +\begin{figure[*]}[placement] figbody \label{label} \caption[loftitle]{text} @@ -1238,25 +1241,46 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. Figures are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are instead “floated” to a convenient place, such as the top of a page. Figures will not be split between two pages. + When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a +full-width figure (across both columns). The optional argument [placement] determines where &latex; will try to place your figure. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put a float: - - - h (Here) - at the position in the text where the figure -environment appears. - - - t (Top) - at the top of a text page. - - - b (Bottom) - at the bottom of a text page. - - - p (Page of floats) - on a separate float page, which is a page + + + t + + (Top)—at the top of a text page. + + + + b + + (Bottom)—at the bottom of a text page. However, b is not +allowed for full-width floats (figure*) with double-column +output. To ameliorate this, use the stfloats or +dblfloatfix package, but see the discussion at caveats in the +FAQ: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat. + + + + h + + float package(Here)—at the position in the text where the figure environment +appears. However, this is not allowed by itself, t is +automatically added. To absolutely force a figure to appear “here”, +use the float and use its H placement letter. (That +package also provides other options.) + + + + p + + (Page of floats)—on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. - - + + + The standard report and article classes use the default placement tbp. The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, &latex; commands, etc. @@ -1391,13 +1415,13 @@ There must be at least one \item command within the environme By default, the marks at each level look like this: - + • (bullet) -- (bold en-dash) - * + * (asterisk) . (centered dot, rendered here as a period) @@ -1481,9 +1505,10 @@ are the same as \itemsep. \topsep Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. -The default is 4pt plus2pt minus2pt for 10pt documents, -6pt plus2pt minus2pt for 11pt, and 9pt plus3pt -minus5pt for 12pt. +For top-level lists, the default is 8pt plus2pt minus4pt for +10pt documents, 9pt plus3pt minus5pt for 11pt, +and 10pt plus4pt minus6pt for 12pt. These are reduced +for nested lists. @@ -1495,15 +1520,6 @@ documents, 3pt plus1pt minus1pt for 11pt, plus2pt minus2pt for 12pt. - - \topsep - - Extra vertical space added before an initial and after a final list -item. Its value is changed with list level and font size changes; for -instance, within a first-level list at ‘10pt’, it is ‘4pt -plus2pt minus2pt’. - - \parskip exampleEspecially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide space between items. Here is an example defining an itemize* @@ -1566,17 +1582,16 @@ See . <literal>minipage</literal> minipage environmentminipage, creating a -\begin{minipage}[position]{width} +\begin{minipage}[position][height][inner-pos]{width} text \end{minipage} The minipage environment typesets its body text in a -block that will not be broken across pages (similar to the -\parbox command, see ). You may use other -paragraph-making environments inside a minipage (unlike \parbox). +block that will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the +\parbox command (see ), but unlike \parbox, +other paragraph-making environments can be used inside a minipage. - It takes an optional position argument for placing text, -and a mandatory width argument for specifying the line width. + The arguments are the same as for \parbox (see ). indentation of paragraphs, in minipageparagraph indentation, in minipage\parindentBy default, paragraphs are not indented in the minipage environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as \setlength{\parindent}{1pc} command. @@ -1627,14 +1642,15 @@ coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command - \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) +\begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) - produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 + produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first -draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin -at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by -shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. +draw a picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the +origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your +picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate +optional argument. The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture really is; &latex; will happily allow you to put things outside the picture, or even @@ -1675,20 +1691,32 @@ the normal \makebox command except that you must specify a width and height in multiples of \unitlength. The optional argument, [position], specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: - - - t - Moves the item to the top of the rectangle - - - b - Moves the item to the bottom - - - l - Moves the item to the left - - - r - Moves the item to the right - - + + + t + + Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. + + + + b + + Moves the item to the bottom. + + + + l + + Moves the item to the left. + + + + r + + Moves the item to the right. + + + See . @@ -2063,23 +2091,8 @@ usually “floated” to a convenient place, like the top of a page. Tables will not be split between two pages. The optional argument [placement] determines where &latex; will try to place your table. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put -a float: - - - h: Here - at the position in the text where the table -environment appears. - - - t: Top - at the top of a text page. - - - b: Bottom - at the bottom of a text page. - - - p: Page of floats - on a separate float page, which is a page -containing no text, only floats. - - +a float; these are the same as that used with the figure +environment, and described there (see ). The standard report and article classes use the default placement [tbp]. The body of the table is made up of whatever text, &latex; commands, etc., @@ -2123,14 +2136,20 @@ width. Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre of the environment. - - - t - align on top row - - - b - align on bottom row - - + + + t + + align on top row + + + + b + + align on bottom row + + + @@ -2139,57 +2158,76 @@ the environment. Specifies the column formatting. It consists of a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. - - - l - A column of left-aligned items. - - - r - A column of right-aligned items. - - - c - A column of centred items. - - - | - A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. - - - @{text} - This inserts text in every row. An @-expression -suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any -desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be -included in text. An \extracolsep{wd} command in an -@-expression causes an extra space of width wd to appear to the -left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another -\extracolsep command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this -extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression. An -\extracolsep command can be used only in an @-expression in the -cols argument. - - - p{wd} - Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of -width wd, as if it were the argument of a \parbox[t]{wd} -command. However, a \\ may not appear in the item, except in the -following situations: - - - inside an environment like minipage, array, or tabular. - - - inside an explicit \parbox. - - - in the scope of a \centering, \raggedright, or \raggedleft + + + l + + A column of left-aligned items. + + + + r + + A column of right-aligned items. + + + + + + A column of centred items. + + + + | + + A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. + + + + @{text} + + This inserts text in every row. An @-expression suppresses the +intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space +between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in +text. An \extracolsep{wd} command in an @-expression causes +an extra space of width wd to appear to the left of all +subsequent columns, until countermanded by another \extracolsep +command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not +suppressed by an @-expression. An \extracolsep command can be +used only in an @-expression in the cols argument. + + + + p{wd} + + Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width +wd, as if it were the argument of a +\parbox[t]{wd} command. However, a \\ may not +appear in the item, except in the following situations: + + + inside an environment like minipage, array, or tabular. + + + inside an explicit \parbox. + + + in the scope of a \centering, \raggedright, or \raggedleft declaration. The latter declarations must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a p-column element. - - - - - *{num}{cols} - Equivalent to num copies of -cols, where num is any positive integer and cols is -any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another -*-expression. - - + + + + + + *{num}{cols} + + Equivalent to num copies of cols, where num is a +positive integer and cols is any list of column-specifiers, +which may contain another *-expression. + + + @@ -2208,7 +2246,7 @@ default is ‘.4pt’. \arraystretch Scaling of spacing between rows in the tabular and array -environments; default is ‘1’,for no scaling. +environments; default is ‘1’, for no scaling. @@ -4836,6 +4874,12 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text acute accent, mathMath acute accent: \acutex. + + \bar + + bar-over accent, mathmacron accent, mathMath bar-over accent: \barx. + + \breve @@ -5787,12 +5831,6 @@ environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column \b (bar-under accent)bar-under accentProduces a bar accent under the following, as in o_. - - \bar - - \bar (macron, bar-over accent)bar-over accentmacron accentProduces a macron accent over the following, as in o¯. - - \c @@ -6011,7 +6049,7 @@ have generated a .toc file. not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of contents, write a \newpage command after the \tableofcontents command. - \listoffigures\listoftablesThe analagous commands \listoffigures and \listoftables + \listoffigures\listoftablesThe analogous commands \listoffigures and \listoftables produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. \nofilesThe command \nofiles overrides these commands, and @@ -6020,8 +6058,8 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. \addcontentsline \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text}table of contents entry, manually adding -The \addcontentsline command adds an entry to the specified list -or table where: +The \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text} +command adds an entry to the specified list or table where: ext @@ -6074,9 +6112,9 @@ command \contentsline{unit}{nam \addtocontents \addtocontents{ext}{text} -The \addtocontents command adds text (or formatting commands) -directly to the .ext file that generates the table of -contents or lists of figures or tables. +The \addtocontents{ext}{text} command adds text +(or formatting commands) directly to the .ext file that +generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. ext @@ -6112,19 +6150,37 @@ glossaries. Indexes indexes -\makeindexThe command \makeindex enables creating indexes. - \index.idx fileThe command \index{text} writes a glossary entry for +\makeindexThe command \makeindex enables creating indexes. Put this in +the preamble. + \index.idx fileThe command \index{text} writes an index entry for text to an auxiliary file with the .idx extension. \indexentrySpecifically, what gets written is the command \indexentry{text}{pageno}, where pageno is the current \thepage value. - The rubber length \indexspace is inserted before each new -letter in the index; its default value is ‘10pt plus5pt + `see' and `see also' index entriesTo generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a +vertical bar: \index{bar|see{foo}}. Use seealso +instead of see to make a `See also' entry. + \seename\alsonameThe text `See' is defined by the macro \seename, and `See also' +by the macro \alsoname. These can be redefined for other +languages. + makeindex programxindy program.ind fileThe generated .idx file is then sorted with an external +command, usually either makeindex +(http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex) or (the +multi-lingual) xindy (http://xindy.sourceforge.net). +This results in a .ind file, which can then be read to typeset +the index. + printindexmakeidx packageThe index is usually generated with the \printindex command. +This is defined in the makeidx package, so +\usepackage{makeidx} needs to be in the preamble. + indexspaceThe rubber length \indexspace is inserted before each new +letter in the printed index; its default value is ‘10pt plus5pt minus3pt’. - makeindex programxindy program.ind file -The .idx file can then be sorted with an external command, -typically makeindex or xindy, resulting in a -.ind file, which can then be used to typeset the index. + showidx packageThe showidx package causes each index entries to be shown in +the margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in +preparing the index. + multind packageThe multind package supports multiple indexes. See also the +&tex; FAQ entry on this topic, +http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dvi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dvi deleted file mode 100644 index f5d54a76e71..00000000000 Binary files a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.dvi and /dev/null differ diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html index 2a810c81b3e..9e3aab5555a 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.html @@ -1,15 +1,14 @@ -LaTeX2e reference manual 2.0 +LaTeX2e reference manual (September 2009) - - + + --> -

LaTeX2e reference manual 2.0

+

LaTeX2e reference manual (September 2009)

Short Contents

    @@ -363,8 +362,8 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.-->
-


+


Next: , Up: (dir) @@ -372,10 +371,10 @@ Up: (dir)

LaTeX2e

-

This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an -unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document preparation -system. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the -standard version of LaTeX for many years. +

This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a +document preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is +intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of +LaTeX for many years.

LaTeX is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie @@ -418,8 +417,8 @@ maintainers.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Top, Up: Top @@ -472,9 +471,9 @@ required. explicitly directed to do otherwise.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Overview, Up: Top @@ -500,8 +499,8 @@ and the \begin{document} commands (this area is called the preamble).
-


+


Next: , Previous: Starting & ending, Up: Top @@ -531,8 +530,8 @@ classes are available as add-ons; see Overview):
-


+


Up: Document classes
@@ -606,8 +605,8 @@ by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with \usepackage.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Document classes, Up: Top @@ -627,8 +626,8 @@ and a style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.
-


+


Next: , Up: Typefaces @@ -711,8 +710,8 @@ things.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Font styles, Up: Typefaces @@ -757,9 +756,9 @@ end of the current group. You can also use the environment form of these commands; for instance, \begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}.
-


+


Previous: Font sizes, Up: Typefaces @@ -832,8 +831,8 @@ followed by \selectfont.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Typefaces, Up: Top @@ -854,9 +853,9 @@ Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.
-


+


Next: , Up: Layout @@ -869,9 +868,9 @@ The \onecolumn declaration starts a new page and produces single-column output. This is the default.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \onecolumn, Up: Layout @@ -922,9 +921,9 @@ and the main text. Default ‘20pt plus2pt minus4p
-


+


Next: , Previous: \twocolumn, Up: Layout @@ -942,9 +941,9 @@ page. (see Document class options).
-


+


Next: , Previous: \flushbottom, Up: Layout @@ -959,8 +958,8 @@ height of the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.
-


+


Previous: \raggedbottom, Up: Layout @@ -1013,8 +1012,8 @@ same as the font size, e.g., ‘10pt&
-


+


Next: , Previous: Layout, Up: Top @@ -1064,8 +1063,8 @@ command is something like \chapter{The First Appendix}
-


+


Next: , Previous: Sectioning, Up: Top @@ -1085,9 +1084,9 @@ the reader to them, as in “See Figure 3 for more details.”
-


+


Next: , Up: Cross references @@ -1123,9 +1122,9 @@ a colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes: fig.snark.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \label, Up: Cross references @@ -1144,9 +1143,9 @@ the place in the text where the corresponding \label{key} command appears.
-


+


Previous: \pageref, Up: Cross references @@ -1165,8 +1164,8 @@ equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the correspondin such as the word `Section' or `Figure', just the bare number itself.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Cross references, Up: Top @@ -1216,8 +1215,8 @@ Each environment begins and ends in the same manner:
-


+


Next: , Up: Environments @@ -1234,8 +1233,8 @@ Synopsis:

Environment for producing an abstract, possibly of multiple paragraphs.

-


+


Next: , Previous: abstract, Up: Environments @@ -1289,8 +1288,8 @@ namely \arrayrulewidth and \arraystretch.

The array environment can only be used in math mode.

-


+


Next: , Previous: array, Up: Environments @@ -1317,9 +1316,9 @@ string \\.
-


+


Up: center
@@ -1348,8 +1347,8 @@ an environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit. \end{quote}
-


+


Next: , Previous: center, Up: Environments @@ -1381,8 +1380,8 @@ plain typewriter}].

For details about list spacing, see itemize.

-


+


Next: , Previous: description, Up: Environments @@ -1410,8 +1409,8 @@ The global fleqn option makes equations flush left; see equation number, use the equation environment (see equation).
-


+


Next: , Previous: displaymath, Up: Environments @@ -1425,8 +1424,8 @@ The document environment encloses the body of a document. It is required in every LaTeX document. See Starting & ending.
-


+


Next: , Previous: document, Up: Environments @@ -1476,8 +1475,8 @@ letters:
     \renewcommand{\labelenumi}{\Alph{enumi}}
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: enumerate, Up: Environments @@ -1512,8 +1511,8 @@ lines. It typesets its argument in display style flush left in a box of zero width.
-


+


Next: , Previous: eqnarray, Up: Environments @@ -1534,8 +1533,8 @@ environment (see displaymath), e.g., centering the -


+


Next: , Previous: equation, Up: Environments @@ -1545,7 +1544,7 @@ Up: Environments

8.10 figure

-

     \begin{figure}[placement]
+
     \begin{figure[*]}[placement]
      figbody
      \label{label}
      \caption[loftitle]{text}
@@ -1555,18 +1554,32 @@ Up: Environments
 instead “floated” to a convenient place, such as the top of a page. 
 Figures will not be split between two pages.
 
+   

When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a +full-width figure (across both columns). +

The optional argument [placement] determines where LaTeX will try to place your figure. There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put a float: -

    -
  1. h (Here) - at the position in the text where the figure -environment appears. -
  2. t (Top) - at the top of a text page. -
  3. b (Bottom) - at the bottom of a text page. -
  4. p (Page of floats) - on a separate float page, which is a page +
    +
    t
    (Top)—at the top of a text page. + +
    b
    (Bottom)—at the bottom of a text page. However, b is not +allowed for full-width floats (figure*) with double-column +output. To ameliorate this, use the stfloats or +dblfloatfix package, but see the discussion at caveats in the +FAQ: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat. + +
    h
    (Here)—at the position in the text where the figure environment +appears. However, this is not allowed by itself, t is +automatically added. To absolutely force a figure to appear “here”, +use the float and use its H placement letter. (That +package also provides other options.) + +
    p
    (Page of floats)—on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. -
+ +

The standard report and article classes use the default placement tbp. @@ -1574,42 +1587,42 @@ containing no text, only floats.

The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, LaTeX commands, etc. you wish. -

The \caption command specifies caption text for the +

The \caption command specifies caption text for the figure. The caption is numbered by default. If loftitle is present, it is used in the list of figures instead of text (see Tables of contents). - +

The maximum fraction of the page allowed to be occuped by floats at the bottom; default ‘.3’. -
\floatpagefraction
The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats; +
\floatpagefraction
The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats; default ‘.5’. -
\floatsep
Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default +
\floatsep
Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default ‘12pt plus2pt minus2pt’. -
\intextsep
Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text; default +
\intextsep
Space above and below a float in the middle of the main text; default ‘12pt plus2pt minus2pt’ for ‘10pt’ and ‘11pt’ styles, ‘14pt plus4pt minus4pt’ for ‘12pt’. -
\textfloatsep
Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page; +
\textfloatsep
Space between the last (first) float at the top (bottom) of a page; default ‘20pt plus2pt minus4pt’. -
\textfraction
Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too +
\textfraction
Minimum fraction of a page that must be text; if floats take up too much space to preserve this much text, floats will be moved to a different page. The default is ‘.2’. -
\topfraction
Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before +
\topfraction
Maximum fraction at the top of a page that may be occupied before floats; default is ‘.7’.
-


+


Next: , Previous: figure, Up: Environments @@ -1618,14 +1631,14 @@ Up: Environments

8.11 flushleft

-

+

     \begin{flushleft}
      line1 \\
      line2 \\
      ...
      \end{flushleft}
 
-

The flushleft environment allows you to create a paragraph +

The flushleft environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flush to the left-hand margin and ragged right Each line must be terminated with the string \\. @@ -1634,16 +1647,16 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string \\.

-


+


Up: flushleft

8.11.1 \raggedright

-

+

The \raggedright declaration corresponds to the flushleft environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such as quote or in a parbox. @@ -1655,8 +1668,8 @@ scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or \end command that ends the paragraph unit.

-


+


Next: , Previous: flushleft, Up: Environments @@ -1665,14 +1678,14 @@ Up: Environments

8.12 flushright

-

+

     \begin{flushright}
      line1 \\
      line2 \\
      ...
      \end{flushright}
 
-

The flushright environment allows you to create a paragraph +

The flushright environment allows you to create a paragraph consisting of lines that are flush to the right-hand margin and ragged left. Each line must be terminated with the string \\. @@ -1681,16 +1694,16 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string \\.

-


+


Up: flushright

8.12.1 \raggedleft

-

+

The \raggedleft declaration corresponds to the flushright environment. This declaration can be used inside an environment such as quote or in a parbox. @@ -1702,8 +1715,8 @@ scope of the declaration must contain the blank line or \end command that ends the paragraph unit.

-


+


Next: , Previous: flushright, Up: Environments @@ -1712,7 +1725,7 @@ Up: Environments

8.13 itemize

-

+

Synopsis:

     \begin{itemize}
@@ -1732,20 +1745,20 @@ There must be at least one \item command within the environment.
    

By default, the marks at each level look like this:

    -
  1. • +
  2. • (bullet)
  3. -- (bold en-dash) -
  4. * +
  5. * (asterisk)
  6. . (centered dot, rendered here as a period)
-

The itemize environment uses the commands \labelitemi +

The itemize environment uses the commands \labelitemi through \labelitemiv to produce the default label. So, you can use \renewcommand to change the labels. For instance, to have the first level use diamonds:

     \renewcommand{\labelitemi}{$\diamond$}
 
-

The \leftmargini through \leftmarginvi parameters define +

The \leftmargini through \leftmarginvi parameters define the distance between the left margin of the enclosing environment and the left margin of the list. By convention, \leftmargin is set to the appropriate \leftmarginN when a new level of @@ -1761,16 +1774,16 @@ This example greatly reduces the margin space for outermost lists:

Some parameters that affect list formatting:

-
\itemindent
Extra indentation before each item in a list; default zero. +
\itemindent
Extra indentation before each item in a list; default zero. -
\labelsep
Space between the label and text of an item; default ‘.5em’. +
\labelsep
Space between the label and text of an item; default ‘.5em’. -
\labelwidth
Width of the label; default ‘2em’, or ‘1.5em’ in two-column mode. +
\labelwidth
Width of the label; default ‘2em’, or ‘1.5em’ in two-column mode. -
\listparindent
Extra indentation added to second and subsequent paragraphs within a +
\listparindent
Extra indentation added to second and subsequent paragraphs within a list item; default ‘0pt’. -
\rightmargin
Horizontal distance between the right margin of the list and the +
\rightmargin
Horizontal distance between the right margin of the list and the enclosing environment; default ‘0pt’, except in the quote, quotation, and verse environments, where it is set equal to \leftmargin. @@ -1781,28 +1794,24 @@ to \leftmargin. loose, by default).
-
\itemsep
Vertical space between items. The default is 2pt plus1pt +
\itemsep
Vertical space between items. The default is 2pt plus1pt minus1pt for 10pt documents, 3pt plus2pt minus1pt for 11pt, and 4.5pt plus2pt minus1pt for 12pt. -
\parsep
Extra vertical space between paragraphs within a list item. Defaults +
\parsep
Extra vertical space between paragraphs within a list item. Defaults are the same as \itemsep. -
\topsep
Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. -The default is 4pt plus2pt minus2pt for 10pt documents, -6pt plus2pt minus2pt for 11pt, and 9pt plus3pt -minus5pt for 12pt. +
\topsep
Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. +For top-level lists, the default is 8pt plus2pt minus4pt for +10pt documents, 9pt plus3pt minus5pt for 11pt, +and 10pt plus4pt minus6pt for 12pt. These are reduced +for nested lists. -
\partopsep
Extra space added to \topsep when the list environment starts a +
\partopsep
Extra space added to \topsep when the list environment starts a paragraph. The default is 2pt plus1pt minus1pt for 10pt documents, 3pt plus1pt minus1pt for 11pt, and 3pt plus2pt minus2pt for 12pt. -
\topsep
Extra vertical space added before an initial and after a final list -item. Its value is changed with list level and font size changes; for -instance, within a first-level list at ‘10pt’, it is ‘4pt -plus2pt minus2pt’. -

Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide @@ -1819,8 +1828,8 @@ see \parskip): {\end{itemize}}

-


+


Next: , Previous: itemize, Up: Environments @@ -1833,8 +1842,8 @@ Up: Environments This environment is used for creating letters. See Letters.
-


+


Next: , Previous: letter, Up: Environments @@ -1864,8 +1873,8 @@ spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., {}, which leaves the default spacing.
-


+


Next: , Previous: list, Up: Environments @@ -1886,8 +1895,8 @@ running text. \(...\)) and $...$ are synonyms. See Math formulas.
-


+


Next: , Previous: math, Up: Environments @@ -1897,18 +1906,17 @@ Up: Environments

8.17 minipage

-

     \begin{minipage}[position]{width}
+
     \begin{minipage}[position][height][inner-pos]{width}
      text
      \end{minipage}
 

The minipage environment typesets its body text in a -block that will not be broken across pages (similar to the -\parbox command, see \parbox). You may use other -paragraph-making environments inside a minipage (unlike \parbox). +block that will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the +\parbox command (see \parbox), but unlike \parbox, +other paragraph-making environments can be used inside a minipage. -

It takes an optional position argument for placing text, -and a mandatory width argument for specifying the line width. +

The arguments are the same as for \parbox (see \parbox).

By default, paragraphs are not indented in the minipage environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as @@ -1925,8 +1933,8 @@ uses the \mpfootnote counter instead of the ordinary footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.

-


+


Next: , Previous: minipage, Up: Environments @@ -1971,14 +1979,16 @@ contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command -
        \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
+
+
     \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20)
 
-

produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 +

produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first -draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin -at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by -shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. +draw a picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the +origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your +picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate +optional argument.

The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture really is; @@ -2020,9 +2030,9 @@ be the lower left corner of the box.

-


+


Next: , Up: picture @@ -2040,9 +2050,9 @@ draws a solid circle.

Circles up to 40 pt can be drawn.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \circle, Up: picture @@ -2061,19 +2071,23 @@ the normal \makebox command except that you must specify a

The optional argument, [position], specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: -

    -
  • t - Moves the item to the top of the rectangle -
  • b - Moves the item to the bottom -
  • l - Moves the item to the left -
  • r - Moves the item to the right -
+
+
t
Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. + +
b
Moves the item to the bottom. + +
l
Moves the item to the left. + +
r
Moves the item to the right. + +

See \makebox.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \makebox (picture), Up: picture @@ -2096,9 +2110,9 @@ that it creates. and the contents of the box.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \framebox (picture), Up: picture @@ -2121,9 +2135,9 @@ The text is positioned at optional pos. @@ -2618,7 +2629,7 @@ any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another default is ‘.4pt’.
\arraystretch
Scaling of spacing between rows in the tabular and array -environments; default is ‘1’,for no scaling. +environments; default is ‘1’, for no scaling.
\doublerulesep
Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by || in the tabular and array environments; default is ‘2pt’. @@ -2637,9 +2648,9 @@ in the tabular and array environments; default is &lsq
-


+


Next: , Up: tabular @@ -2669,9 +2680,9 @@ for flushleft, r for flushright. The third mandatory argument, \end{tabular}
-


+


Next: , Previous: \multicolumn, Up: tabular @@ -2690,9 +2701,9 @@ specified, beginning in column i and ending in column j, which are specified in the mandatory argument.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \cline, Up: tabular @@ -2708,9 +2719,9 @@ commonly used to draw a line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.
-


+


Previous: \hline, Up: tabular @@ -2725,8 +2736,8 @@ move the line to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression.
-


+


Next: , Previous: tabular, Up: Environments @@ -2767,9 +2778,9 @@ less than 10 references, 99 for ones with less than 100, etc.
-


+


Next: , Up: thebibliography @@ -2795,9 +2806,9 @@ with a \cite command (see next section) to produce the associated label.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \bibitem, Up: thebibliography @@ -2821,9 +2832,9 @@ citation. For example, \cite[p.~314]{knuth} might produce `[Knuth, p. 314]'.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \cite, Up: thebibliography @@ -2839,8 +2850,8 @@ Up: thebibliography which is a list of one or more citation keys, on the .aux file.
-


+


Previous: \nocite, Up: thebibliography @@ -2883,8 +2894,8 @@ BibTeX format. Only the entries referred to via \cite and \nocite will be listed in the bibliography.
-


+


Next: , Previous: thebibliography, Up: Environments @@ -2906,8 +2917,8 @@ possibilities for n are described under \newtheorem (see \newtheorem).
-


+


Next: , Previous: theorem, Up: Environments @@ -2933,8 +2944,8 @@ you. The \today command may be useful on title pages produce a standard title page without a titlepage environment.
-


+


Next: , Previous: titlepage, Up: Environments @@ -2963,9 +2974,9 @@ effect that they would on a typewriter.
-


+


Up: verbatim
@@ -2988,8 +2999,8 @@ verbatim text. The delimiter must not appear in literal-text. “visible space” character.
-


+


Previous: verbatim, Up: Environments @@ -3015,8 +3026,8 @@ stanza with \\, and use one or more blank lines to separate the stanzas.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Page breaking, Up: Top @@ -3039,9 +3050,9 @@ produced with two commands, the \footnotemark and the
-


+


Next: , Up: Footnotes @@ -3064,9 +3075,9 @@ tables or in a tabular environment. (See following sections.)
-


+


Next: , Previous: \footnote, Up: Footnotes @@ -3089,9 +3100,9 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with

after the first \footnote command.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes @@ -3113,8 +3124,8 @@ appear in outer paragraph mode.

The optional argument number changes the default footnote number.

-


+


Previous: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes @@ -3138,8 +3149,8 @@ footnotes. This is ‘6.65pt
-


+


Next: , Previous: Footnotes, Up: Top @@ -3164,9 +3175,9 @@ LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.
-


+


Next: , Up: Definitions @@ -3204,9 +3215,9 @@ text of the nth argument.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Up: Definitions @@ -3229,9 +3240,9 @@ will be reset whenever countername is incremented.

See Counters, for more information about counters.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \newcounter, Up: Definitions @@ -3254,9 +3265,9 @@ occurs if \foo is already defined. for more information about lengths in general.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newlength, Up: Definitions @@ -3274,9 +3285,9 @@ Synopsis: defined, to refer to a new bin for storing boxes.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newsavebox, Up: Definitions @@ -3317,9 +3328,9 @@ may not contain any argument parameters.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Up: Definitions @@ -3354,9 +3365,9 @@ The new theorem counter will be reset at the same time as the not both.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newtheorem, Up: Definitions @@ -3378,9 +3389,9 @@ looked for on the system is named fontname.t More commonly, fonts are defined in families through .fd files.
-


+


Previous: \newfont, Up: Definitions @@ -3410,8 +3421,8 @@ be preceded by \protect.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Definitions, Up: Top @@ -3446,9 +3457,9 @@ standard document classes to control numbering.
-


+


Next: , Up: Counters @@ -3481,9 +3492,9 @@ symbols (conventionally used for labeling footnotes). The value of
-


+


Next: , Previous: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Up: Counters @@ -3502,9 +3513,9 @@ Synopsis: the list items.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \usecounter, Up: Counters @@ -3526,9 +3537,9 @@ be used anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example: \hspace{\value{myctr}\parindent}
-


+


Next: , Previous: \value, Up: Counters @@ -3546,9 +3557,9 @@ Synopsis: value argument.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \setcounter, Up: Counters @@ -3562,9 +3573,9 @@ The \addtocounter command increments counter by the amount specified by the value argument, which may be negative.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \addtocounter, Up: Counters @@ -3579,9 +3590,9 @@ The \refstepcounter command works in the same way as current \ref value to be the result of \thecounter.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \refstepcounter, Up: Counters @@ -3595,9 +3606,9 @@ The \stepcounter command adds one to counter and resets all subsidiary counters.
-


+


Previous: \stepcounter, Up: Counters @@ -3616,8 +3627,8 @@ are not updated as the job progresses. current day (see \today).
-


+


Next: , Previous: Counters, Up: Top @@ -3640,9 +3651,9 @@ length as an argument.
-


+


Next: , Up: Lengths @@ -3657,9 +3668,9 @@ understands, i.e., inches (in), millimeters (mm), poin (pt), big points (bp, etc.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \setlength, Up: Lengths @@ -3674,9 +3685,9 @@ The \addtolength command increments a “length command” may be negative.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \addtolength, Up: Lengths @@ -3692,9 +3703,9 @@ Up: Lengths equal to the depth of the text argument.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \settodepth, Up: Lengths @@ -3710,9 +3721,9 @@ Up: Lengths equal to the height of the text argument.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \settoheight, Up: Lengths @@ -3726,8 +3737,8 @@ The \settowidth command sets the value of the command \lentext argument.
-


+


Previous: \settowidth, Up: Lengths @@ -3753,8 +3764,8 @@ natural size, e.g., say

\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}

-


+


Next: , Previous: Environments, Up: Top @@ -3785,9 +3796,9 @@ some environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the
-


+


Next: , Up: Line breaking @@ -3805,9 +3816,9 @@ negative amount. except that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \\, Up: Line breaking @@ -3825,9 +3836,9 @@ in the output.

\restorecr restores normal line-breaking behavior.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking @@ -3842,9 +3853,9 @@ no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph mode.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newline, Up: Line breaking @@ -3865,9 +3876,9 @@ hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking @@ -3885,9 +3896,9 @@ words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. (see \sloppy.
-


+


Previous: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Up: Line breaking @@ -3902,9 +3913,9 @@ interword spacing.

Lasts until a \fussy command is issued (see \fussy).

-


+


Next: , Previous: \fussy, Up: Line breaking @@ -3928,9 +3939,9 @@ misses the hyphenations in these words):
     \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases}
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking @@ -3955,8 +3966,8 @@ from a demand to a request. The priority must be a number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Line breaking, Up: Top @@ -3979,9 +3990,9 @@ but sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.
-


+


Next: , Up: Page breaking @@ -3996,9 +4007,9 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand (odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking @@ -4012,9 +4023,9 @@ The \clearpage command ends the current page and causes all figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking @@ -4028,9 +4039,9 @@ The \newpage command ends the current page, but does not clear floats (see \clearpage above).
-


+


Next: , Previous: \newpage, Up: Page breaking @@ -4053,9 +4064,9 @@ much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit \pagebreak.
-


+


Previous: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking @@ -4080,8 +4091,8 @@ be a number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Lengths, Up: Top @@ -4104,9 +4115,9 @@ a sectioning command.
-


+


Next: , Up: Making paragraphs @@ -4125,9 +4136,9 @@ mode, otherwise 15pt for 10pt documents, 17pt11pt, and 1.5em for 12pt.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \indent, Up: Making paragraphs @@ -4142,9 +4153,9 @@ suppresses any paragraph indentation. It has no effect when used in the middle of a paragraph.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs @@ -4158,8 +4169,8 @@ Up: Making paragraphs0pt plus1pt.
-


+


Previous: \parskip, Up: Making paragraphs @@ -4212,8 +4223,8 @@ In two column mode, the default is ‘48pt
-


+


Next: , Previous: Making paragraphs, Up: Top @@ -4267,9 +4278,9 @@ below summations. For example
-


+


Next: , Up: Math formulas @@ -4286,8 +4297,8 @@ It even does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a superscript.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Subscripts & Superscripts, Up: Math formulas @@ -4726,8 +4737,8 @@ the pi symbol (\pi) in your output.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas @@ -4812,8 +4823,8 @@ spacing.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Math functions, Up: Math formulas @@ -4830,35 +4841,37 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text
\acute
Math acute accent: \acutex. -
\breve
Math breve accent: \brevex. +
\bar
Math bar-over accent: \barx. + +
\breve
Math breve accent: \brevex. -
\check
Math hác<ek (check) accent: \checkx. +
\check
Math hác<ek (check) accent: \checkx. -
\ddot
Math dieresis accent: \ddotx. +
\ddot
Math dieresis accent: \ddotx. -
\dot
Math dot accent: \dotx. +
\dot
Math dot accent: \dotx. -
\grave
Math grave accent: \gravex. +
\grave
Math grave accent: \gravex. -
\hat
Math hat (circumflex) accent: \hatx. +
\hat
Math hat (circumflex) accent: \hatx. -
\imath
Math dotless i. +
\imath
Math dotless i. -
\jmath
Math dotless j. +
\jmath
Math dotless j. -
\tilde
Math tilde accent: \tildex. +
\tilde
Math tilde accent: \tildex. -
\vec
Math vector symbol: \vecx. +
\vec
Math vector symbol: \vecx. -
\widehat
Math wide hat accent: \widehatx+y. +
\widehat
Math wide hat accent: \widehatx+y. -
\widehat
Math wide tilde accent: \widetildex+y. +
\widehat
Math wide tilde accent: \widetildex+y.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Math accents, Up: Math formulas @@ -4867,22 +4880,22 @@ Up: Math formulas

16.5 Spacing in math mode

-

+

In a math environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in the spacing according to the normal rules for mathematics texts. If you want different spacing, LaTeX provides the following commands for use in math mode:

-
\;
A thick space (5\over18\,quad). -
\:
\>
Both of these produce a medium space (2\over9\,quad). -
\,
A thin space (1\over6\,quad); not restricted to math mode. +
\;
A thick space (5\over18\,quad). +
\:
\>
Both of these produce a medium space (2\over9\,quad). +
\,
A thin space (1\over6\,quad); not restricted to math mode.
\!
A negative thin space (-1\over6\,quad).
-


+


Previous: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas @@ -4890,47 +4903,47 @@ Up: Math formulas

16.6 Math Miscellany

-

+

-
\*
A “discretionary” multiplication symbol, at which a line break is +
\*
A “discretionary” multiplication symbol, at which a line break is allowed. -
\cdots
A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line. +
\cdots
A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line. -
\ddots
A diagonal ellipsis: \ddots. +
\ddots
A diagonal ellipsis: \ddots. -
\frac{num}{den}
Produces the fraction num divided by den. +
\frac{num}{den}
Produces the fraction num divided by den. -
\left delim1 ... \right delim2
The two delimiters need not match; ‘.’ acts as a null delimiter, +
\left delim1 ... \right delim2
The two delimiters need not match; ‘.’ acts as a null delimiter, producing no output. The delimiters are sized according to the math in between. Example: \left( \sum_i=1^10 a_i \right]. -
\overbrace{text}
Generates a brace over text. +
\overbrace{text}
Generates a brace over text. For example, \overbracex+\cdots+x^k \rm\;times. -
\overline{text}
Generates a horizontal line over tex. +
\overline{text}
Generates a horizontal line over tex. For exampe, \overlinex+y. -
\sqrt[root]{arg}
Produces the representation of the square root of arg. The +
\sqrt[root]{arg}
Produces the representation of the square root of arg. The optional argument root determines what root to produce. For example, the cube root of x+y would be typed as $\sqrt[3]{x+y}$. -
\stackrel{text}{relation}
Puts text above relation. For example, +
\stackrel{text}{relation}
Puts text above relation. For example, \stackrel{f}{\longrightarrow}. -
\underbrace{math}
Generates math with a brace underneath. +
\underbrace{math}
Generates math with a brace underneath. -
\underline{text}
Causes text, which may be either math mode or not, to be +
\underline{text}
Causes text, which may be either math mode or not, to be underlined. -
\vdots
Produces a vertical ellipsis. +
\vdots
Produces a vertical ellipsis.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Math formulas, Up: Top @@ -4939,7 +4952,7 @@ Up: Top

17 Modes

-

+

When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three modes: @@ -4978,8 +4991,8 @@ LaTeX is in paragraph mode while making a box, it is said to be in in, is called “outer paragraph mode”.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Modes, Up: Top @@ -4988,7 +5001,7 @@ Up: Top

18 Page Styles

-

+

The \documentclass command determines the size and position of the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them. @@ -5000,9 +5013,9 @@ the page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.

-


+


Next: , Up: Page Styles @@ -5010,34 +5023,34 @@ Up: Page Styles

18.1 \maketitle

-

+

The \maketitle command generates a title on a separate title page—except in the article class, where the title is placed at the top of the first page. Information used to produce the title is obtained from the following declarations:

-
\author{name \and name2}
The \author command declares the document author(s), where the +
\author{name \and name2}
The \author command declares the document author(s), where the argument is a list of authors separated by \and commands. Use \\ to separate lines within a single author's entry—for example, to give the author's institution or address. -
\date{text}
The \date command declares text to be the document's +
\date{text}
The \date command declares text to be the document's date. With no \date command, the current date (see \today) is used. -
\thanks{text}
The \thanks command produces a \footnote to the title, +
\thanks{text}
The \thanks command produces a \footnote to the title, usually used for credit acknowledgements. -
\title{text}
The \title command declares text to be the title of the +
\title{text}
The \title command declares text to be the title of the document. Use \\ to force a line break, as usual.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \maketitle, Up: Page Styles @@ -5046,7 +5059,7 @@ Up: Page Styles

18.2 \pagenumbering

-

+

Synopsis:

     \pagenumbering{style}
@@ -5062,9 +5075,9 @@ Synopsis:
 
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \pagenumbering, Up: Page Styles @@ -5073,7 +5086,7 @@ Up: Page Styles

18.3 \pagestyle

-

+

Synopsis:

     \pagestyle{style}
@@ -5097,21 +5110,21 @@ goes in the headers.
    

Here are the descriptions of \markboth and \markright:

-
\markboth{left}{right}
Sets both the left and the right heading. A “left-hand heading” +
\markboth{left}{right}
Sets both the left and the right heading. A “left-hand heading” (left) is generated by the last \markboth command before the end of the page, while a “right-hand heading” (right is generated by the first \markboth or \markright that comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before the page. -
\markright{right}
Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged. +
\markright{right}
Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged.
-


+


Previous: \pagestyle, Up: Page Styles @@ -5119,14 +5132,14 @@ Up: Page Styles

18.4 \thispagestyle{style}

-

+

The \thispagestyle command works in the same manner as the \pagestyle command (see previous section) except that it changes to style for the current page only.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Page Styles, Up: Top @@ -5135,7 +5148,7 @@ Up: Top

19 Spaces

-

+

LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space.

Another space-producing command is \, to produce a “thin” @@ -5165,9 +5178,9 @@ more often useful in math mode (see Spacing in

-


+


Next: , Up: Spaces @@ -5175,7 +5188,7 @@ Up: Spaces

19.1 \hspace

-

+

Synopsis:

     \hspace[*]{length}
@@ -5191,9 +5204,9 @@ or end of a line.  To preserve this space, use the optional *
 form.
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \/, Up: Spaces @@ -5202,18 +5215,18 @@ Up: Spaces

19.2 \hfill

-

The \hfill fill command produces a “rubber length” which has +

The \hfill fill command produces a “rubber length” which has no natural space but can stretch or shrink horizontally as far as needed. -

The \fill parameter is the rubber length itself (technically, +

The \fill parameter is the rubber length itself (technically, the glue value ‘0pt plus1fill’); thus, \hspace\fill is equivalent to \hfill.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \hspace, Up: Spaces @@ -5222,7 +5235,7 @@ Up: Spaces

19.3 \SPACE

-

+

The \ (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's useful after punctuation which shouldn't end a sentence. For example Knuth's article in Proc.\ Amer.\ Math\. Soc.\ is fundamental. @@ -5233,9 +5246,9 @@ nice system. are equivalent to \ .

-


+


Next: , Previous: \SPACE, Up: Spaces @@ -5244,7 +5257,7 @@ Up: Spaces

19.4 \@

-

+

The \@ command makes the following punctuation character end a sentence even if it normally would not. This is typically used after a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without @@ -5262,9 +5275,9 @@ a capital letter. Here are side-by-side examples with and without

-


+


Next: , Previous: \AT, Up: Spaces @@ -5273,15 +5286,15 @@ Up: Spaces

19.5 \thinspace

-

+

\thinspace produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6 of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \thinspace, Up: Spaces @@ -5290,7 +5303,7 @@ Up: Spaces

19.6 \/

-

+

The \/ command produces an italic correction. This is a small space defined by the font designer for a given character, to avoid the character colliding with whatever follows. The italic @@ -5309,9 +5322,9 @@ pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space after the `f') with pdfTeX.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \hfill, Up: Spaces @@ -5320,15 +5333,15 @@ Up: Spaces

19.7 \hrulefill

-

+

The \hrulefill fill command produces a “rubber length” which can stretch or shrink horizontally. It will be filled with a horizontal rule.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \hrulefill, Up: Spaces @@ -5337,15 +5350,15 @@ Up: Spaces

19.8 \dotfill

-

+

The \dotfill command produces a “rubber length” that fills with dots instead of just white space.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \dotfill, Up: Spaces @@ -5354,7 +5367,7 @@ Up: Spaces

19.9 \addvspace

-

+

\addvspace{length}

The \addvspace command normally adds a vertical space of height @@ -5364,9 +5377,9 @@ command will not add more space than needed to make the natural length of the total vertical space equal to length.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \addvspace, Up: Spaces @@ -5378,13 +5391,13 @@ Up: Spaces

These commands produce a given amount of space.

-
\bigskip
The same as \vspace{bigskipamount}, ordinarily about one line +
\bigskip
The same as \vspace{bigskipamount}, ordinarily about one line space (with stretch and shrink). -
\medskip
The same as \vspace{medskipamount}, ordinarily +
\medskip
The same as \vspace{medskipamount}, ordinarily about half of a line space (with stretch and shrink). -
\smallskip
The same as \vspace{smallskipamount}, ordinarily about a +
\smallskip
The same as \vspace{smallskipamount}, ordinarily about a quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).
@@ -5392,9 +5405,9 @@ quarter of a line space (with stretch and shrink).

The \...amount parameters are determined by the document class.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Up: Spaces @@ -5403,15 +5416,15 @@ Up: Spaces

19.11 \vfill

-

+

The \vfill fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to \vspace{\fill} (see \hfill).

-


+


Previous: \vfill, Up: Spaces @@ -5419,7 +5432,7 @@ Up: Spaces

19.12 \vspace[*]{length}

-

+

Synopsis:

     \vspace[*]{length}
@@ -5432,8 +5445,8 @@ the top or bottom of a page.  With the optional * argument, the
 space is not removed.
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: Spaces, Up: Top @@ -5442,7 +5455,7 @@ Up: Top

20 Boxes

-

+

All the predefined length parameters (see Predefined lengths) can be used in the arguments of the box-making commands. @@ -5459,9 +5472,9 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.

-


+


Next: , Up: Boxes @@ -5469,15 +5482,15 @@ Up: Boxes

20.1 \mbox{text}

-

-The \mbox command creates a box just wide enough to hold the +

+The \mbox command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text created by its argument. The text is not broken into lines, so it can be used to prevent hyphenation.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \mbox, Up: Boxes @@ -5486,7 +5499,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.2 \fbox and \framebox

-

+

Synopses:

     \fbox{text}
@@ -5500,7 +5513,7 @@ specification of the box width with the optional width argument
 (a dimension), and positioning with the optional position
 argument. 
 
-   

Both commands produce a rule of thickness \fboxrule (default +

Both commands produce a rule of thickness \fboxrule (default ‘.4pt’), and leave a space of \fboxsep (default ‘3pt’) between the rule and the contents of the box. @@ -5508,8 +5521,8 @@ argument. picture environment.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes @@ -5518,7 +5531,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.3 lrbox

-

+

\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}

This is the environment form of \sbox. @@ -5527,9 +5540,9 @@ Up: Boxes must have been declared with \newsavebox.

-


+


Next: , Previous: lrbox, Up: Boxes @@ -5538,7 +5551,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.4 \makebox

-

+

Synopsis:

     \makebox[width][position]{text}
@@ -5561,9 +5574,9 @@ stretchable space for this to work.
 see \makebox (picture).
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \makebox, Up: Boxes @@ -5572,7 +5585,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.5 \parbox

-

+

Synopsis:

     \parbox[position][height][inner-pos]{width}{text}
@@ -5610,9 +5623,9 @@ for this to work.
 
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \parbox, Up: Boxes @@ -5621,7 +5634,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.6 \raisebox

-

+

Synopsis:

     \raisebox{distance}[height][depth]{text}
@@ -5637,9 +5650,9 @@ certain distance above the baseline (height) or below (depth),
 ignoring its natural height and depth.
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \raisebox, Up: Boxes @@ -5648,7 +5661,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.7 \savebox

-

+

Synopsis:

     \savebox{\boxcmd}[width][pos]{text}
@@ -5659,9 +5672,9 @@ it saves it in the box labeled \boxcmd, which must have been
 declared with \newsavebox (see \newsavebox).
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \savebox, Up: Boxes @@ -5670,7 +5683,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.8 \sbox{\boxcmd}{text}

-

+

Synopsis:

     \sbox{\boxcmd}{text}
@@ -5682,9 +5695,9 @@ included in the normal output, it is saved in the box labeled
 \newsavebox (see \newsavebox).
 
 
-


+


Previous: \sbox, Up: Boxes @@ -5692,7 +5705,7 @@ Up: Boxes

20.9 \usebox{\boxcmd

-

+

Synopsis:

     \usebox{\boxcmd}
@@ -5701,8 +5714,8 @@ Synopsis:
 \boxcmd by a \savebox command (see \savebox).
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: Boxes, Up: Top @@ -5724,8 +5737,8 @@ special meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.
-


+


Next: , Up: Special insertions @@ -5733,28 +5746,28 @@ Up: Special insertions

21.1 Reserved characters

-

+

The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called “reserved characters” or “special characters”.

     # $ % & ~ _ ^ \ { }
 
-

Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, LaTeX +

Whenever you write one of these characters into your file, LaTeX will do something special. If you simply want the character to be printed as itself, include a \ in front of the character. For example, \$ will produce $ in your output. -

One exception to this rule is \ itself, because \\ has +

One exception to this rule is \ itself, because \\ has its own special (context-dependent) meaning. A roman \ is produced by typing $\backslash$ in your file, and a typewriter \ is produced by using ‘\’ in a verbatim command (see verbatim). -

Also, \~ and \^ place tilde and circumflex accents over +

Also, \~ and \^ place tilde and circumflex accents over the following letter, as in õ and ô (see Accents); to get a standalone ~ or ^, you can again use a verbatim command. -

+

Finally, you can access any character of the current font once you know its number by using the \symbol command. For example, the visible space character used in the \verb* command has the code @@ -5765,8 +5778,8 @@ with ", so the previous example could also be written as \symbol{'40} or \symbol{"20}.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Reserved characters, Up: Special insertions @@ -5775,38 +5788,38 @@ Up: Special insertions

21.2 Text symbols

-

LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols +

LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in running text.

-
\copyright
The copyright symbol, ©. +
\copyright
The copyright symbol, ©. -
\dag
The dagger symbol (in text). +
\dag
The dagger symbol (in text). -
\ddag
The double dagger symbol (in text). +
\ddag
The double dagger symbol (in text). -
\LaTeX
The LaTeX logo. +
\LaTeX
The LaTeX logo. -
\ldots
An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `...'. This +
\ldots
An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `...'. This command also works in math mode. -
\lq
Left (opening) quote: `. +
\lq
Left (opening) quote: `. -
\P
Paragraph sign (pilcrow). +
\P
Paragraph sign (pilcrow). -
\pounds
English pounds sterling. +
\pounds
English pounds sterling. -
\rq
Right (closing) quote: '. +
\rq
Right (closing) quote: '. -
\S
Section symbol. +
\S
Section symbol. -
\TeX
The TeX logo. +
\TeX
The TeX logo.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions @@ -5815,34 +5828,32 @@ Up: Special insertions

21.3 Accents

-

+

LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages, through the babel package and related support. This section does not attempt to cover all that support. It merely the core LaTeX commands for creating accented characters.

-
\"
Produces an umlaut, as in ö. +
\"
Produces an umlaut, as in ö. -
\'
Produces an acute accent, as in ó. In the tabbing +
\'
Produces an acute accent, as in ó. In the tabbing environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column (see tabbing). -
\.
Produces a dot accent over the following, as in o.. +
\.
Produces a dot accent over the following, as in o.. -
\=
Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o¯. +
\=
Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o¯. -
\^
Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in ô. +
\^
Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in ô. -
\`
Produces a grave accent over the following, as in ò. In the +
\`
Produces a grave accent over the following, as in ò. In the tabbing environment, move following text to the right margin (see tabbing). -
\~
Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in ñ. +
\~
Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in ñ. -
\b
Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_. - -
\bar
Produces a macron accent over the following, as in o¯. +
\b
Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_.
\c
Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in @@ -5863,9 +5874,9 @@ environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column
-


+


Next: , Previous: Accents, Up: Special insertions @@ -5894,9 +5905,9 @@ used in languages other than English.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Non-English characters, Up: Special insertions @@ -5922,9 +5933,9 @@ rectangles. The arguments are:
-


+


Previous: \rule, Up: Special insertions @@ -5943,8 +5954,8 @@ updated as the program runs. of other date formats.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Special insertions, Up: Top @@ -5967,9 +5978,9 @@ when you run LaTeX.
-


+


Next: , Up: Splitting the input @@ -5995,9 +6006,9 @@ only run if file is listed as an argument to read by another \include command.
-


+


Next: , Previous: \include, Up: Splitting the input @@ -6020,9 +6031,9 @@ effective.

This command can only appear in the preamble.

-


+


Previous: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input @@ -6045,9 +6056,9 @@ or ‘foo.bar.tex’). If that i is tried (‘foo’ or ‘foo.bar’).
-


+


Next: , Previous: Splitting the input, Up: Top @@ -6063,8 +6074,8 @@ Up: Top
-


+


Next: , Up: Front/back matter @@ -6083,7 +6094,7 @@ not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of contents, write a \newpage command after the \tableofcontents command. -

The analagous commands \listoffigures and \listoftables +

The analogous commands \listoffigures and \listoftables produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. @@ -6096,9 +6107,9 @@ Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents.

-


+


Next: , Up: Tables of contents @@ -6107,8 +6118,8 @@ Up: Tables of contents

23.1.1 \addcontentsline

-The \addcontentsline command adds an entry to the specified list -or table where: +The \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text} +command adds an entry to the specified list or table where:

ext
The extension of the file on which information is to be written, @@ -6133,9 +6144,9 @@ command \contentsline{unit}{name
-


+


Previous: \addcontentsline, Up: Tables of contents @@ -6144,9 +6155,9 @@ Up: Tables of contents

23.1.2 \addtocontents

-The \addtocontents command adds text (or formatting commands) -directly to the .ext file that generates the table of -contents or lists of figures or tables. +The \addtocontents{ext}{text} command adds text +(or formatting commands) directly to the .ext file that +generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.

ext
The extension of the file on which information is to be written: @@ -6157,8 +6168,8 @@ contents or lists of figures or tables.
-


+


Next: , Previous: Tables of contents, Up: Front/back matter @@ -6181,8 +6192,8 @@ Up: Front/back matt glossaries.
-


+


Previous: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter @@ -6191,27 +6202,50 @@ Up: Front/back matt

23.3 Indexes

-The command \makeindex enables creating indexes. +The command \makeindex enables creating indexes. Put this in +the preamble. -

The command \index{text} writes a glossary entry for +

The command \index{text} writes an index entry for text to an auxiliary file with the .idx extension.

Specifically, what gets written is the command \indexentry{text}{pageno}, where pageno is the current \thepage value. -

The rubber length \indexspace is inserted before each new -letter in the index; its default value is ‘10pt plus5pt +

To generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a +vertical bar: \index{bar|see{foo}}. Use seealso +instead of see to make a `See also' entry. + +

The text `See' is defined by the macro \seename, and `See also' +by the macro \alsoname. These can be redefined for other +languages. + +

The generated .idx file is then sorted with an external +command, usually either makeindex +(http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex) or (the +multi-lingual) xindy (http://xindy.sourceforge.net). +This results in a .ind file, which can then be read to typeset +the index. + +

The index is usually generated with the \printindex command. +This is defined in the makeidx package, so +\usepackage{makeidx} needs to be in the preamble. + +

The rubber length \indexspace is inserted before each new +letter in the printed index; its default value is ‘10pt plus5pt minus3pt’. -

-The .idx file can then be sorted with an external command, -typically makeindex or xindy, resulting in a -.ind file, which can then be used to typeset the index. +

The showidx package causes each index entries to be shown in +the margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in +preparing the index. + +

The multind package supports multiple indexes. See also the +TeX FAQ entry on this topic, +http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Front/back matter, Up: Top @@ -6220,7 +6254,7 @@ Up: Top

24 Letters

-

+

You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business. The letter document class is designed to make a number of letters at once, although you can make just one if you so desire. @@ -6247,7 +6281,7 @@ the letter follows. It is typed as ordinary LaTeX input. Commands that make no sense in a letter, like \chapter, do not work. The letter closes with a \closing command. -

After the closing, you can have additional material. The +

After the closing, you can have additional material. The \cc command produces the usual “cc: ...”. There's also a similar \encl command for a list of enclosures. With both these commands, use \\ to separate the items. @@ -6271,9 +6305,9 @@ commands, use \\ to separate the items.

-


+


Next: , Up: Letters @@ -6281,7 +6315,7 @@ Up: Letters

24.1 \address{return-address}

-

+

The \address specifies the return address of a letter, as it should appear on the letter and the envelope. Separate lines of the address should be separated by \\ commands. @@ -6293,9 +6327,9 @@ implementation). If you give an \address declaration, then the letter will be formatted as a personal letter.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \address, Up: Letters @@ -6304,7 +6338,7 @@ Up: Letters

24.2 \cc

-

+

Synopsis:

     \cc{name1\\name2}
@@ -6313,9 +6347,9 @@ Synopsis:
 printed on a separate line.
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \cc, Up: Letters @@ -6324,7 +6358,7 @@ Up: Letters

24.3 \closing

-

+

Synopsis:

     \closing{text}
@@ -6333,9 +6367,9 @@ Synopsis:
 
     \closing{Best Regards,}
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \closing, Up: Letters @@ -6344,7 +6378,7 @@ Up: Letters

24.4 \encl

-

+

Synopsis:

     \encl{line1\\line2}
@@ -6352,9 +6386,9 @@ Synopsis:
    

Declare a list of one more enclosures.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \encl, Up: Letters @@ -6363,16 +6397,16 @@ Up: Letters

24.5 \location

-

+

\location{address}

This modifies your organisation's standard address. This only appears if the firstpage pagestyle is selected.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \location, Up: Letters @@ -6381,16 +6415,16 @@ Up: Letters

24.6 \makelabels

-

+

\makelabels{number}

If you issue this command in the preamble, LaTeX will create a sheet of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \makelabels, Up: Letters @@ -6399,16 +6433,16 @@ Up: Letters

24.7 \name

-

+

\name{June Davenport}

Your name, used for printing on the envelope together with the return address.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \name, Up: Letters @@ -6417,7 +6451,7 @@ Up: Letters

24.8 \opening{text}

-

+

Synopsis:

     \opening{text}
@@ -6429,9 +6463,9 @@ For instance:
 
     \opening{Dear Joe,}
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: \opening, Up: Letters @@ -6440,14 +6474,14 @@ Up: Letters

24.9 \ps

-

+

Use the \ps command to start a postscript in a letter, after \closing.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \ps, Up: Letters @@ -6456,15 +6490,15 @@ Up: Letters

24.10 \signature{text}

-

+

Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the space for your signature. \\ starts a new line within text as usual.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \signature, Up: Letters @@ -6473,15 +6507,15 @@ Up: Letters

24.11 \startbreaks

-

+

\startbreaks

Used after a \stopbreaks command to allow page breaks again.

-


+


Next: , Previous: \startbreaks, Up: Letters @@ -6490,15 +6524,15 @@ Up: Letters

24.12 \stopbreaks

-

+

\stopbreaks

Inhibit page breaks until a \startbreaks command occurs.

-


+


Previous: \stopbreaks, Up: Letters @@ -6506,16 +6540,16 @@ Up: Letters

24.13 \telephone

-

+

\telephone{number}

This is your telephone number. This only appears if the firstpage pagestyle is selected.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Letters, Up: Top @@ -6524,7 +6558,7 @@ Up: Top

25 Terminal Input/Output

-

+

-


+


Next: , Up: Terminal Input/Output @@ -6542,7 +6576,7 @@ Up: Terminal In

25.1 \typein[cmd]{msg}

-

+

Synopsis:

     \typein[\cmd]{msg}
@@ -6556,9 +6590,9 @@ must be a command name.  This command name is then defined or
 redefined to be the typed input.
 
 
-


+


Previous: \typein, Up: Terminal Input/Output @@ -6566,7 +6600,7 @@ Up: Terminal In

25.2 \typeout{msg}

-

+

Synopsis:

     \typeout{msg}
@@ -6583,8 +6617,8 @@ printed, independent of surrounding spaces.  A ^^J in
 msg prints a newline.
 
 
-


+


Next: , Previous: Terminal Input/Output, Up: Top @@ -6593,7 +6627,7 @@ Up: Top

26 Command Line

-

+

The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; TeX uses .tex as a default file extension. If you omit the input file entirely, TeX accepts input from the terminal. You @@ -6604,13 +6638,13 @@ command; e.g.

will process foo.tex without pausing after every error. -

If LaTeX stops in the middle of the document and gives you a +

If LaTeX stops in the middle of the document and gives you a ‘*’ prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type \stop (and return) and it will prematurely end the document.

-


+


Next: , Previous: Command Line, Up: Top @@ -6619,7 +6653,7 @@ Up: Top

Appendix A Document templates

-

+

Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will be useful. @@ -6630,8 +6664,8 @@ be useful.

-


+


Next: , Up: Document templates @@ -6658,8 +6692,8 @@ The end.
-


+


Next: , Previous: book template, Up: Document templates @@ -6695,8 +6729,8 @@ Up: Document templates
-


+


Previous: beamer template, Up: Document templates @@ -6785,8 +6819,8 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions.
-


+


Previous: Command Index, Up: Top @@ -6795,16 +6829,17 @@ Up: Top

Concept Index

-


+


Next: , Previous: Document templates, Up: Top @@ -7145,51 +7186,51 @@ Up: Top
  • 11pt option: Document class options
  • 12pt option: Document class options
  • @{...}: array
  • -
  • \" (umlaut accent): Accents
  • -
  • \#: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \$: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \%: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \&: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \' (acute accent): Accents
  • +
  • \" (umlaut accent): Accents
  • +
  • \#: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \$: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \%: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \&: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \' (acute accent): Accents
  • \' (tabbing): tabbing
  • \(: Math formulas
  • \): Math formulas
  • -
  • \*: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \*: Math Miscellany
  • \+: tabbing
  • -
  • \,: Spacing in math mode
  • +
  • \,: Spacing in math mode
  • \-: tabbing
  • \- (hyphenation): \- (hyphenation)
  • -
  • \. (dot-over accent): Accents
  • -
  • \/: \/
  • -
  • \:: Spacing in math mode
  • -
  • \;: Spacing in math mode
  • +
  • \. (dot-over accent): Accents
  • +
  • \/: \/
  • +
  • \:: Spacing in math mode
  • +
  • \;: Spacing in math mode
  • \<: tabbing
  • -
  • \= (macron accent): Accents
  • +
  • \= (macron accent): Accents
  • \= (tabbing): tabbing
  • -
  • \>: Spacing in math mode
  • +
  • \>: Spacing in math mode
  • \>: tabbing
  • \> (tabbing): tabbing
  • -
  • \@: \AT
  • +
  • \@: \AT
  • \[: Math formulas
  • \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack
  • \\ (for array): array
  • \\ (for center): center
  • \\ (for eqnarray): eqnarray
  • -
  • \\ (for flushright): flushright
  • -
  • \\ for \author: \maketitle
  • -
  • \\ for \title: \maketitle
  • -
  • \\ for flushleft: flushleft
  • -
  • \\ for letters: Letters
  • +
  • \\ (for flushright): flushright
  • +
  • \\ for \author: \maketitle
  • +
  • \\ for \title: \maketitle
  • +
  • \\ for flushleft: flushleft
  • +
  • \\ for letters: Letters
  • \\ for tabular: tabular
  • \\ for verse: verse
  • \\ force line break: \\
  • \\ tabbing: tabbing
  • \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray
  • \]: Math formulas
  • -
  • \^: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \^ (circumflex accent): Accents
  • -
  • \_: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \` (grave accent): Accents
  • +
  • \^: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \^ (circumflex accent): Accents
  • +
  • \_: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \` (grave accent): Accents
  • \` (tabbing): tabbing
  • \a (tabbing): tabbing
  • \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing
  • @@ -7199,11 +7240,11 @@ Up: Top
  • \aa (å): Non-English characters
  • \acute: Math accents
  • \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text}: \addcontentsline
  • -
  • \address: \address
  • +
  • \address: \address
  • \addtocontents{ext}{text}: \addtocontents
  • \addtocounter: \addtocounter
  • \addtolength: \addtolength
  • -
  • \addvspace: \addvspace
  • +
  • \addvspace: \addvspace
  • \AE (Æ): Non-English characters
  • \ae (æ): Non-English characters
  • \aleph: Math symbols
  • @@ -7211,8 +7252,9 @@ Up: Top
  • \alph: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol
  • \Alph example: enumerate
  • \alpha: Math symbols
  • +
  • \alsoname: Indexes
  • \amalg: Math symbols
  • -
  • \and for \author: \maketitle
  • +
  • \and for \author: \maketitle
  • \angle: Math symbols
  • \appendix: Sectioning
  • \approx: Math symbols
  • @@ -7226,11 +7268,11 @@ Up: Top
  • \arraystretch: tabular
  • \ast: Math symbols
  • \asymp: Math symbols
  • -
  • \author{name \and name2}: \maketitle
  • -
  • \b (bar-under accent): Accents
  • -
  • \backslash: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \author{name \and name2}: \maketitle
  • +
  • \b (bar-under accent): Accents
  • +
  • \backslash: Reserved characters
  • \backslash: Math symbols
  • -
  • \bar (macron, bar-over accent): Accents
  • +
  • \bar: Math accents
  • \baselineskip: Low-level font commands
  • \baselinestretch: Low-level font commands
  • \begin: Environments
  • @@ -7246,8 +7288,8 @@ Up: Top
  • \bigodot: Math symbols
  • \bigoplus: Math symbols
  • \bigotimes: Math symbols
  • -
  • \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • -
  • \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • +
  • \bigskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • +
  • \bigskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • \bigsqcup: Math symbols
  • \bigtriangledown: Math symbols
  • \bigtriangleup: Math symbols
  • @@ -7256,21 +7298,21 @@ Up: Top
  • \bmod: Math functions
  • \boldmath: Math formulas
  • \bot: Math symbols
  • -
  • \bottomfraction: figure
  • +
  • \bottomfraction: figure
  • \bowtie: Math symbols
  • \Box: Math symbols
  • -
  • \breve: Math accents
  • +
  • \breve: Math accents
  • \bullet: Math symbols
  • \c (cedilla accent): Accents
  • \cal: Font styles
  • \cap: Math symbols
  • -
  • \caption: figure
  • -
  • \cc: \cc
  • +
  • \caption: figure
  • +
  • \cc: \cc
  • \cdot: Math symbols
  • -
  • \cdots: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \cdots: Math Miscellany
  • \centering: \centering
  • \chapter: Sectioning
  • -
  • \check: Math accents
  • +
  • \check: Math accents
  • \chi: Math symbols
  • \circ: Math symbols
  • \circle: \circle
  • @@ -7278,7 +7320,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \cleardoublepage: \cleardoublepage
  • \clearpage: \clearpage
  • \cline: \cline
  • -
  • \closing: \closing
  • +
  • \closing: \closing
  • \clubsuit: Math symbols
  • \columnsep: \twocolumn
  • \columnseprule: \twocolumn
  • @@ -7286,7 +7328,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \cong: Math symbols
  • \contentsline: \addcontentsline
  • \coprod: Math symbols
  • -
  • \copyright: Text symbols
  • +
  • \copyright: Text symbols
  • \cos: Math functions
  • \cosh: Math functions
  • \cot: Math functions
  • @@ -7294,20 +7336,20 @@ Up: Top
  • \csc: Math functions
  • \cup: Math symbols
  • \d (dot-under accent): Accents
  • -
  • \dag: Text symbols
  • +
  • \dag: Text symbols
  • \dagger: Math symbols
  • \dashbox: \dashbox
  • \dashv: Math symbols
  • -
  • \date{text}: \maketitle
  • +
  • \date{text}: \maketitle
  • \day: \day \month \year
  • \dblfloatpagefraction: \twocolumn
  • \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn
  • \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn
  • \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn
  • -
  • \ddag: Text symbols
  • +
  • \ddag: Text symbols
  • \ddagger: Math symbols
  • -
  • \ddot: Math accents
  • -
  • \ddots: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \ddot: Math accents
  • +
  • \ddots: Math Miscellany
  • \deg: Math functions
  • \delta: Math symbols
  • \Delta: Math symbols
  • @@ -7320,9 +7362,9 @@ Up: Top
  • \displaystyle: Math formulas
  • \div: Math symbols
  • \documentclass: Document classes
  • -
  • \dot: Math accents
  • +
  • \dot: Math accents
  • \doteq: Math symbols
  • -
  • \dotfill: \dotfill
  • +
  • \dotfill: \dotfill
  • \doublerulesep: tabular
  • \Downarrow: Math symbols
  • \downarrow: Math symbols
  • @@ -7330,7 +7372,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \em: Font styles
  • \emph: Font styles
  • \emptyset: Math symbols
  • -
  • \encl: \encl
  • +
  • \encl: \encl
  • \end: Environments
  • \enlargethispage: \enlargethispage
  • \enumi: enumerate
  • @@ -7343,15 +7385,15 @@ Up: Top
  • \evensidemargin: Document class options
  • \exists: Math symbols
  • \exp: Math functions
  • -
  • \fbox: \fbox and \framebox
  • -
  • \fboxrule: \fbox and \framebox
  • +
  • \fbox: \fbox and \framebox
  • +
  • \fboxrule: \fbox and \framebox
  • \fboxrule: \framebox (picture)
  • -
  • \fboxsep: \fbox and \framebox
  • +
  • \fboxsep: \fbox and \framebox
  • \fboxsep: \framebox (picture)
  • -
  • \fill: \hfill
  • +
  • \fill: \hfill
  • \flat: Math symbols
  • -
  • \floatpagefraction: figure
  • -
  • \floatsep: figure
  • +
  • \floatpagefraction: figure
  • +
  • \floatsep: figure
  • \flushbottom: \flushbottom
  • \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol
  • \fontencoding: Low-level font commands
  • @@ -7367,10 +7409,10 @@ Up: Top
  • \footnotetext: \footnotetext
  • \footskip: Page layout parameters
  • \forall: Math symbols
  • -
  • \frac: Math Miscellany
  • -
  • \frac{num}{den}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \frac: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \frac{num}{den}: Math Miscellany
  • \frame: \frame
  • -
  • \framebox: \fbox and \framebox
  • +
  • \framebox: \fbox and \framebox
  • \framebox: \framebox (picture)
  • \frown: Math symbols
  • \fussy: \fussy
  • @@ -7383,28 +7425,28 @@ Up: Top
  • \gg: Math symbols
  • \glossary: Glossaries
  • \glossaryentry: Glossaries
  • -
  • \grave: Math accents
  • +
  • \grave: Math accents
  • \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents
  • -
  • \hat: Math accents
  • +
  • \hat: Math accents
  • \hbar: Math symbols
  • \headheight: Page layout parameters
  • \headsep: Page layout parameters
  • \heartsuit: Math symbols
  • \height: Predefined lengths
  • -
  • \hfill: \hfill
  • +
  • \hfill: \hfill
  • \hline: \hline
  • \hom: Math functions
  • \hookleftarrow: Math symbols
  • \hookrightarrow: Math symbols
  • -
  • \hrulefill: \hrulefill
  • -
  • \hspace: \hspace
  • +
  • \hrulefill: \hrulefill
  • +
  • \hspace: \hspace
  • \Huge: Font sizes
  • \huge: Font sizes
  • \hyphenation: \hyphenation
  • \i (dotless i): Accents
  • \iff: Math symbols
  • \Im: Math symbols
  • -
  • \imath: Math accents
  • +
  • \imath: Math accents
  • \in: Math symbols
  • \include: \include
  • \includeonly: \includeonly
  • @@ -7415,17 +7457,17 @@ Up: Top
  • \infty: Math symbols
  • \input: \input
  • \int: Math symbols
  • -
  • \intextsep: figure
  • +
  • \intextsep: figure
  • \iota: Math symbols
  • \it: Font styles
  • -
  • \item: itemize
  • +
  • \item: itemize
  • \item: enumerate
  • \item: description
  • -
  • \itemindent: itemize
  • -
  • \itemsep: itemize
  • +
  • \itemindent: itemize
  • +
  • \itemsep: itemize
  • \itshape: Font styles
  • \j (dotless j): Accents
  • -
  • \jmath: Math accents
  • +
  • \jmath: Math accents
  • \Join: Math symbols
  • \kappa: Math symbols
  • \ker: Math functions
  • @@ -7437,12 +7479,12 @@ Up: Top
  • \labelenumii: enumerate
  • \labelenumiii: enumerate
  • \labelenumiv: enumerate
  • -
  • \labelitemi: itemize
  • -
  • \labelitemii: itemize
  • -
  • \labelitemiii: itemize
  • -
  • \labelitemiv: itemize
  • -
  • \labelsep: itemize
  • -
  • \labelwidth: itemize
  • +
  • \labelitemi: itemize
  • +
  • \labelitemii: itemize
  • +
  • \labelitemiii: itemize
  • +
  • \labelitemiv: itemize
  • +
  • \labelsep: itemize
  • +
  • \labelwidth: itemize
  • \lambda: Math symbols
  • \Lambda: Math symbols
  • \land: Math symbols
  • @@ -7450,26 +7492,26 @@ Up: Top
  • \LARGE: Font sizes
  • \Large: Font sizes
  • \large: Font sizes
  • -
  • \LaTeX: Text symbols
  • +
  • \LaTeX: Text symbols
  • \lbrace: Math symbols
  • \lbrack: Math symbols
  • \lceil: Math symbols
  • -
  • \ldots: Text symbols
  • +
  • \ldots: Text symbols
  • \le: Math symbols
  • \leadsto: Math symbols
  • -
  • \left delim1 ... \right delim2: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \left delim1 ... \right delim2: Math Miscellany
  • \leftarrow: Math symbols
  • \Leftarrow: Math symbols
  • \lefteqn: eqnarray
  • \leftharpoondown: Math symbols
  • \leftharpoonup: Math symbols
  • -
  • \leftmargin: itemize
  • -
  • \leftmargini: itemize
  • -
  • \leftmarginii: itemize
  • -
  • \leftmarginiii: itemize
  • -
  • \leftmarginiv: itemize
  • -
  • \leftmarginv: itemize
  • -
  • \leftmarginvi: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmargin: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmargini: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmarginii: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmarginiii: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmarginiv: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmarginv: itemize
  • +
  • \leftmarginvi: itemize
  • \leftrightarrow: Math symbols
  • \Leftrightarrow: Math symbols
  • \leq: Math symbols
  • @@ -7485,31 +7527,31 @@ Up: Top
  • \linewidth: Page layout parameters
  • \listoffigures: Tables of contents
  • \listoftables: Tables of contents
  • -
  • \listparindent: itemize
  • +
  • \listparindent: itemize
  • \ll: Math symbols
  • \ln: Math functions
  • \lnot: Math symbols
  • -
  • \location: \location
  • +
  • \location: \location
  • \log: Math functions
  • \longleftarrow: Math symbols
  • \longleftrightarrow: Math symbols
  • \longmapsto: Math symbols
  • \longrightarrow: Math symbols
  • \lor: Math symbols
  • -
  • \lq: Text symbols
  • -
  • \makebox: \makebox
  • +
  • \lq: Text symbols
  • +
  • \makebox: \makebox
  • \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture)
  • \makeglossary: Glossaries
  • \makeindex: Indexes
  • -
  • \makelabels: \makelabels
  • -
  • \maketitle: \maketitle
  • +
  • \makelabels: \makelabels
  • +
  • \maketitle: \maketitle
  • \mapsto: Math symbols
  • \marginpar: Marginal notes
  • \marginparpush: Marginal notes
  • \marginparsep: Marginal notes
  • \marginparwidth: Marginal notes
  • -
  • \markboth{left}{right}: \pagestyle
  • -
  • \markright{right}: \pagestyle
  • +
  • \markboth{left}{right}: \pagestyle
  • +
  • \markright{right}: \pagestyle
  • \mathbf: Font styles
  • \mathcal: Font styles
  • \mathnormal: Font styles
  • @@ -7518,10 +7560,10 @@ Up: Top
  • \mathtt: Font styles
  • \mathversion: Font styles
  • \max: Math functions
  • -
  • \mbox: \mbox
  • +
  • \mbox: \mbox
  • \mdseries: Font styles
  • -
  • \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • -
  • \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • +
  • \medskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • +
  • \medskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • \mho: Math symbols
  • \mid: Math symbols
  • \min: Math functions
  • @@ -7532,7 +7574,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \multicolumn: \multicolumn
  • \multiput: \multiput
  • \nabla: Math symbols
  • -
  • \name: \name
  • +
  • \name: \name
  • \natural: Math symbols
  • \ne: Math symbols
  • \nearrow: Math symbols
  • @@ -7543,7 +7585,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \newenvironment: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment
  • \newfont: \newfont
  • \newlength: \newlength
  • -
  • \NEWLINE: \SPACE
  • +
  • \NEWLINE: \SPACE
  • \newline: \newline
  • \newpage: \newpage
  • \newsavebox: \newsavebox
  • @@ -7574,30 +7616,30 @@ Up: Top
  • \Omega: Math symbols
  • \ominus: Math symbols
  • \onecolumn: \onecolumn
  • -
  • \opening: \opening
  • +
  • \opening: \opening
  • \oplus: Math symbols
  • \oslash: Math symbols
  • \otimes: Math symbols
  • \oval: \oval
  • -
  • \overbrace{text}: Math Miscellany
  • -
  • \overline{text}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \overbrace{text}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \overline{text}: Math Miscellany
  • \owns: Math symbols
  • -
  • \P: Text symbols
  • +
  • \P: Text symbols
  • \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak
  • -
  • \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering
  • +
  • \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering
  • \pageref: \pageref
  • -
  • \pagestyle: \pagestyle
  • +
  • \pagestyle: \pagestyle
  • \paragraph: Sectioning
  • \parallel: Math symbols
  • -
  • \parbox: \parbox
  • +
  • \parbox: \parbox
  • \parindent: \indent
  • \parindent: minipage
  • -
  • \parsep: itemize
  • +
  • \parsep: itemize
  • \parskip: \parskip
  • \parskip example: itemize
  • \part: Sectioning
  • \partial: Math symbols
  • -
  • \partopsep: itemize
  • +
  • \partopsep: itemize
  • \perp: Math symbols
  • \phi: Math symbols
  • \pi: Math symbols
  • @@ -7605,7 +7647,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \pm: Math symbols
  • \pmod: Math functions
  • \poptabs: tabbing
  • -
  • \pounds: Text symbols
  • +
  • \pounds: Text symbols
  • \Pr: Math functions
  • \prec: Math symbols
  • \preceq: Math symbols
  • @@ -7613,15 +7655,15 @@ Up: Top
  • \prod: Math symbols
  • \propto: Math symbols
  • \protect: \protect
  • -
  • \ps: \ps
  • +
  • \ps: \ps
  • \psi: Math symbols
  • \Psi: Math symbols
  • \pushtabs: tabbing
  • \put: \put
  • \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom
  • -
  • \raggedleft: \raggedleft
  • -
  • \raggedright: \raggedright
  • -
  • \raisebox: \raisebox
  • +
  • \raggedleft: \raggedleft
  • +
  • \raggedright: \raggedright
  • +
  • \raisebox: \raisebox
  • \rangle: Math symbols
  • \rbrace: Math symbols
  • \rbrack: Math symbols
  • @@ -7635,27 +7677,28 @@ Up: Top
  • \rfloor: Math symbols
  • \rhd: Math symbols
  • \rho: Math symbols
  • -
  • \right: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \right: Math Miscellany
  • \rightarrow: Math symbols
  • \Rightarrow: Math symbols
  • \rightharpoondown: Math symbols
  • \rightharpoonup: Math symbols
  • \rightleftharpoons: Math symbols
  • -
  • \rightmargin: itemize
  • +
  • \rightmargin: itemize
  • \rm: Font styles
  • \rmfamily: Font styles
  • \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol
  • -
  • \rq: Text symbols
  • +
  • \rq: Text symbols
  • \rule: \rule
  • -
  • \S: Text symbols
  • -
  • \savebox: \savebox
  • -
  • \sbox: \sbox
  • +
  • \S: Text symbols
  • +
  • \savebox: \savebox
  • +
  • \sbox: \sbox
  • \sc: Font styles
  • \scriptsize: Font sizes
  • \scshape: Font styles
  • \searrow: Math symbols
  • \sec: Math functions
  • \section: Sectioning
  • +
  • \seename: Indexes
  • \selectfont: Low-level font commands
  • \setcounter: \setcounter
  • \setlength: \setlength
  • @@ -7669,7 +7712,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \shortstack: \shortstack
  • \sigma: Math symbols
  • \Sigma: Math symbols
  • -
  • \signature: \signature
  • +
  • \signature: \signature
  • \sim: Math symbols
  • \simeq: Math symbols
  • \sin: Math functions
  • @@ -7678,25 +7721,25 @@ Up: Top
  • \slshape: Font styles
  • \small: Font sizes
  • \smallint: Math symbols
  • -
  • \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • -
  • \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • +
  • \smallskip: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • +
  • \smallskipamount: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip
  • \smile: Math symbols
  • -
  • \SPACE: \SPACE
  • +
  • \SPACE: \SPACE
  • \spadesuit: Math symbols
  • \sqcap: Math symbols
  • \sqcup: Math symbols
  • -
  • \sqrt[root]{arg}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \sqrt[root]{arg}: Math Miscellany
  • \sqsubset: Math symbols
  • \sqsubseteq: Math symbols
  • \sqsupset: Math symbols
  • \sqsupseteq: Math symbols
  • \ss (ß): Non-English characters
  • -
  • \stackrel{text}{relation}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \stackrel{text}{relation}: Math Miscellany
  • \star: Math symbols
  • -
  • \startbreaks: \startbreaks
  • +
  • \startbreaks: \startbreaks
  • \stepcounter: \stepcounter
  • -
  • \stop: Command Line
  • -
  • \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks
  • +
  • \stop: Command Line
  • +
  • \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks
  • \subparagraph: Sectioning
  • \subsection: Sectioning
  • \subset: Math symbols
  • @@ -7710,20 +7753,20 @@ Up: Top
  • \supseteq: Math symbols
  • \surd: Math symbols
  • \swarrow: Math symbols
  • -
  • \symbol: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \symbol: Reserved characters
  • \t (tie-after accent): Accents
  • -
  • \TAB: \SPACE
  • +
  • \TAB: \SPACE
  • \tabbingsep: tabbing
  • \tabcolsep: tabular
  • \tableofcontents: Tables of contents
  • \tan: Math functions
  • \tanh: Math functions
  • \tau: Math symbols
  • -
  • \telephone: \telephone
  • -
  • \TeX: Text symbols
  • +
  • \telephone: \telephone
  • +
  • \TeX: Text symbols
  • \textbf: Font styles
  • -
  • \textfloatsep: figure
  • -
  • \textfraction: figure
  • +
  • \textfloatsep: figure
  • +
  • \textfraction: figure
  • \textheight: Page layout parameters
  • \textit: Font styles
  • \textmd: Font styles
  • @@ -7735,22 +7778,22 @@ Up: Top
  • \texttt: Font styles
  • \textup: Font styles
  • \textwidth: Page layout parameters
  • -
  • \thanks{text}: \maketitle
  • +
  • \thanks{text}: \maketitle
  • \theta: Math symbols
  • \thicklines: \thicklines
  • \thinlines: \thinlines
  • -
  • \thinspace: \thinspace
  • -
  • \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle
  • -
  • \tilde: Math accents
  • +
  • \thinspace: \thinspace
  • +
  • \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle
  • +
  • \tilde: Math accents
  • \times: Math symbols
  • \tiny: Font sizes
  • -
  • \title{text}: \maketitle
  • +
  • \title{text}: \maketitle
  • \to: Math symbols
  • \today: \today
  • \top: Math symbols
  • -
  • \topfraction: figure
  • +
  • \topfraction: figure
  • \topmargin: Page layout parameters
  • -
  • \topsep: itemize
  • +
  • \topsep: itemize
  • \topskip: Page layout parameters
  • \totalheight: Predefined lengths
  • \triangle: Math symbols
  • @@ -7759,12 +7802,12 @@ Up: Top
  • \tt: Font styles
  • \ttfamily: Font styles
  • \twocolumn: \twocolumn
  • -
  • \typein: \typein
  • -
  • \typeout: \typeout
  • +
  • \typein: \typein
  • +
  • \typeout: \typeout
  • \u (breve accent): Accents
  • \unboldmath: Math formulas
  • -
  • \underbrace{math}: Math Miscellany
  • -
  • \underline{text}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \underbrace{math}: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \underline{text}: Math Miscellany
  • \unitlength: picture
  • \unlhd: Math symbols
  • \unrhd: Math symbols
  • @@ -7776,7 +7819,7 @@ Up: Top
  • \upshape: Font styles
  • \upsilon: Math symbols
  • \Upsilon: Math symbols
  • -
  • \usebox: \usebox
  • +
  • \usebox: \usebox
  • \usecounter: \usecounter
  • \usefont: Low-level font commands
  • \usepackage: Document class options
  • @@ -7789,18 +7832,18 @@ Up: Top
  • \varsigma: Math symbols
  • \vartheta: Math symbols
  • \vdash: Math symbols
  • -
  • \vdots: Math Miscellany
  • -
  • \vec: Math accents
  • +
  • \vdots: Math Miscellany
  • +
  • \vec: Math accents
  • \vector: \vector
  • \vee: Math symbols
  • \verb: \verb
  • \vert: Math symbols
  • \Vert: Math symbols
  • -
  • \vfill: \vfill
  • +
  • \vfill: \vfill
  • \vline: \vline
  • -
  • \vspace: \vspace
  • +
  • \vspace: \vspace
  • \wedge: Math symbols
  • -
  • \widehat: Math accents
  • +
  • \widehat: Math accents
  • \width: Predefined lengths
  • \wp: Math symbols
  • \wr: Math symbols
  • @@ -7808,11 +7851,11 @@ Up: Top
  • \Xi: Math symbols
  • \year: \day \month \year
  • \zeta: Math symbols
  • -
  • \{: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \{: Reserved characters
  • \|: Math symbols
  • -
  • \}: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \~: Reserved characters
  • -
  • \~ (tilde accent): Accents
  • +
  • \}: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \~: Reserved characters
  • +
  • \~ (tilde accent): Accents
  • ^: Subscripts & Superscripts
  • _: Subscripts & Superscripts
  • a4paper option: Document class options
  • @@ -7836,9 +7879,10 @@ Up: Top
  • figure: figure
  • final option: Document class options
  • fleqn option: Document class options
  • -
  • flushleft environment: flushleft
  • -
  • flushright environment: flushright
  • -
  • itemize environment: itemize
  • +
  • flushleft environment: flushleft
  • +
  • flushright environment: flushright
  • +
  • indexspace: Indexes
  • +
  • itemize environment: itemize
  • landscape option: Document class options
  • legalpaper option: Document class options
  • leqno option: Document class options
  • @@ -7847,7 +7891,7 @@ Up: Top
  • letterpaper option: Document class options
  • list: list
  • lR box: picture
  • -
  • lrbox: lrbox
  • +
  • lrbox: lrbox
  • math environment: Math formulas
  • math environment: math
  • minipage environment: minipage
  • @@ -7858,6 +7902,7 @@ Up: Top
  • openbib option: Document class options
  • openright option: Document class options
  • picture: picture
  • +
  • printindex: Indexes
  • quotation: quotation
  • quote: quote
  • report class: Document classes
  • diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf index 99e78eebdbd..ed92a9e7aad 100644 Binary files a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf and b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.pdf differ diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi index f9c7070c6a7..2eef185e6f4 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.texi @@ -1,20 +1,23 @@ \input texinfo -@c $Id: latex2e.texi 234 2008-06-10 18:27:54Z karl $ +@c $Id: latex2e.texi 244 2009-09-07 17:14:36Z karl $ @comment %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename latex2e.info -@set UPDATED June 2008 -@set VERSION 2.0 -@settitle @LaTeX{}2e reference manual @value{VERSION} +@set UPDATED September 2009 +@settitle @LaTeX{}2e reference manual (@value{UPDATED}) @comment %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @c xx merge http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latex-info/ -@c xx latex 2.09 should be pretty much complete now, but -@c new stuff in latex2e is surely missing. +@c xx check http://ctan.org/tex-archive/info/latexcheat +@c +@c xx latex 2.09 should be complete, but latex2e stuff is missing. +@c xx The typeset source2e will have an index with all kernel +@c xx commands, which would be a good start. classes.dtx et al. +@c xx define additional commands, and some of the kernel commands are +@c xx internal and so shouldn't be included here. @copying -This document is version @value{VERSION} (@value{UPDATED}) of an -unofficial reference manual for @LaTeX{}, a document preparation -system. @LaTeX{} is a macro package for @TeX{}. +This document is an unofficial reference manual for @LaTeX{}, a +document preparation system, version as of @value{UPDATED}. This was originally translated from @file{LATEX.HLP} v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by @@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ and C.@tie{}Biemesderfer (published by the @TeX{} Users Group as @cite{@TeX{}niques} number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). -Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008 Karl Berry.@* +Copyright @copyright{} 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry.@* Copyright @copyright{} 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.@* Copyright @copyright{} 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. @@ -64,8 +67,8 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @titlepage @title @LaTeX{}: Structured documents for @TeX{} @subtitle unofficial @LaTeX{} reference manual -@subtitle version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED} -@author +@subtitle @value{UPDATED} +@author @page @vskip 0pt plus 1filll @insertcopying @@ -77,10 +80,10 @@ into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @node Top @top @LaTeX{}2e -This document is version @value{VERSION} (@value{UPDATED}) of an -unofficial reference manual for @LaTeX{}, a document preparation -system. It is intended to cover @LaTeX{}2e, which has been the -standard version of @LaTeX{} for many years. +This document is an unofficial reference manual for @LaTeX{}, a +document preparation system, version as of @value{UPDATED}. It is +intended to cover @LaTeX{}2e, which has been the standard version of +@LaTeX{} for many years. @cindex Knuth, Donald E. @cindex Lamport, Leslie @@ -302,7 +305,7 @@ Miscellaneous other options: mark/do not mark overfull boxes with a big black box; default is @code{final}. @item fleqn Put displayed formulas flush left; default is centered. -@item landscape +@item landscape Selects landscape format; default is portrait. @item leqno Put equation numbers on the left side of equations; default is the right side. @@ -366,7 +369,7 @@ comma, or use multiple @code{\usepackage} commands. @cindex options, global Any options given in the @code{\documentclass} command that are unknown by the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with -@code{\usepackage}. +@code{\usepackage}. @node Typefaces @@ -480,7 +483,7 @@ For use in math mode, e.g. inside another type style declaration. `Calligraphic' letters, for use in math mode. @end table -In addition, the command +In addition, the command @code{\mathversion@{bold@}} @findex \mathversion can be used for switching to bold letters and symbols in @@ -720,7 +723,7 @@ These parameters control typesetting in two-column output: @ftable @code @item \columnsep -The distance between columns (35pt by default). +The distance between columns (35pt by default). @item \columnseprule The width of the rule between columns; the default is 0pt, so there is no rule. @@ -1211,7 +1214,7 @@ For details about list spacing, see @ref{itemize}. Synopsis: @example -\begin@{displaymath@} +\begin@{displaymath@} @var{math} \end@{displaymath@} @end example @@ -1367,7 +1370,7 @@ on the page, and also places an equation number in the right margin. @cindex figures, inserting @example -\begin@{figure@}[@var{placement}] +\begin@{figure[*]@}[@var{placement}] @var{figbody} \label@{@var{label@}} \caption[@var{loftitle}]@{@var{text}@} @@ -1378,22 +1381,37 @@ Figures are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are instead ``floated'' to a convenient place, such as the top of a page. Figures will not be split between two pages. +When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a +full-width figure (across both columns). + The optional argument @code{[placement]} determines where @LaTeX{} will try to place your figure. There are four places where @LaTeX{} can possibly put a float: -@enumerate -@item -@code{h} (Here) - at the position in the text where the figure -environment appears. -@item -@code{t} (Top) - at the top of a text page. -@item -@code{b} (Bottom) - at the bottom of a text page. -@item -@code{p} (Page of floats) - on a separate float page, which is a page +@table @code +@item t +(Top)---at the top of a text page. + +@item b +(Bottom)---at the bottom of a text page. However, @code{b} is not +allowed for full-width floats (@code{figure*}) with double-column +output. To ameliorate this, use the @code{stfloats} or +@code{dblfloatfix} package, but see the discussion at caveats in the +FAQ: @url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat}. + +@item h +@cindex @code{float} package +(Here)---at the position in the text where the figure environment +appears. However, this is not allowed by itself, @code{t} is +automatically added. To absolutely force a figure to appear ``here'', +use the @code{float} and use its @code{H} placement letter. (That +package also provides other options.) + +@item p +(Page of floats)---on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. -@end enumerate + +@end table The standard report and article classes use the default placement @code{tbp}. @@ -1415,7 +1433,7 @@ the bottom; default @samp{.3}. @item \floatpagefraction The minimum fraction of a float page that must be occupied by floats; -default @samp{.5}. +default @samp{.5}. @item \floatsep Space between floats at the top or bottom of a page; default @@ -1555,9 +1573,9 @@ There must be at least one @code{\item} command within the environment. By default, the marks at each level look like this: @enumerate -@item @bullet{} +@item @bullet{} (bullet) @item @b{-@w{-}} (bold en-dash) -@item * +@item * (asterisk) @iftex @item @math{\cdot} (centered dot) @end iftex @@ -1626,7 +1644,7 @@ to @code{\leftmargin}. @end ftable Parameters affecting vertical spacing between list items (rather -loose, by default). +loose, by default). @ftable @code @item \itemsep @@ -1640,9 +1658,10 @@ are the same as @code{\itemsep}. @item \topsep Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. -The default is @code{4pt plus2pt minus2pt} for @code{10pt} documents, -@code{6pt plus2pt minus2pt} for @code{11pt}, and @code{9pt plus3pt -minus5pt} for @code{12pt}. +For top-level lists, the default is @code{8pt plus2pt minus4pt} for +@code{10pt} documents, @code{9pt plus3pt minus5pt} for @code{11pt}, +and @code{10pt plus4pt minus6pt} for @code{12pt}. These are reduced +for nested lists. @item \partopsep Extra space added to @code{\topsep} when the list environment starts a @@ -1650,12 +1669,6 @@ paragraph. The default is @code{2pt plus1pt minus1pt} for @code{10pt} documents, @code{3pt plus1pt minus1pt} for @code{11pt}, and @code{3pt plus2pt minus2pt} for @code{12pt}. -@item \topsep -Extra vertical space added before an initial and after a final list -item. Its value is changed with list level and font size changes; for -instance, within a first-level list at @samp{10pt}, it is @samp{4pt -plus2pt minus2pt}. - @end ftable @findex \parskip @r{example} @@ -1735,19 +1748,18 @@ running text. @code{\(...\))} and @code{$...$} are synonyms. @cindex minipage, creating a @example -\begin@{minipage@}[@var{position}]@{@var{width}@} +\begin@{minipage@}[@var{position}][@var{height}][@var{inner-pos}]@{@var{width}@} @var{text} \end@{minipage@} @end example The @code{minipage} environment typesets its body @var{text} in a -block that will not be broken across pages (similar to the -@code{\parbox} command, @pxref{\parbox}). You may use other -paragraph-making environments inside a minipage (unlike @code{\parbox}). +block that will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the +@code{\parbox} command (@pxref{\parbox}), but unlike @code{\parbox}, +other paragraph-making environments can be used inside a minipage. @c (xxref positions) -It takes an optional @var{position} argument for placing @var{text}, -and a mandatory @var{width} argument for specifying the line width. +The arguments are the same as for @code{\parbox} (@pxref{\parbox}). @cindex indentation of paragraphs, in minipage @cindex paragraph indentation, in minipage @@ -1814,15 +1826,18 @@ contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if @code{\unitlength} has been set to @code{1mm}, the command + @example - \begin@{picture@}(100,200)(10,20) +\begin@{picture@}(100,200)(10,20) @end example -produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 + +@noindent produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first -draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin -at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by -shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. +draw a picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the +origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your +picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate +optional argument. The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture really is; @@ -1895,16 +1910,20 @@ the normal @code{\makebox} command except that you must specify a The optional argument, @code{[position]}, specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: -@itemize @bullet -@item -@code{t} - Moves the item to the top of the rectangle -@item -@code{b} - Moves the item to the bottom -@item -@code{l} - Moves the item to the left -@item -@code{r} - Moves the item to the right -@end itemize +@table @code +@item t +Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. + +@item b +Moves the item to the bottom. + +@item l +Moves the item to the left. + +@item r +Moves the item to the right. + +@end table @xref{\makebox}. @@ -2165,7 +2184,7 @@ Unlike the @code{quotation} environment, paragraphs are not indented. @cindex tab stops, using @cindex lining text up in columns using tab stops @cindex alignment via tabbing - + Synopsis: @example @@ -2197,7 +2216,7 @@ Sets a tab stop at the current position. @findex \> Advances to the next tab stop. -@item \< +@item \< Put following text to the left of the local margin (without changing the margin). Can only be used at the start of the line. @@ -2206,7 +2225,7 @@ Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands one tab stop to the right, beginning tabbed line if necessary. -@item \- +@item \- Moves the left margin of the next and all the following commands one tab stop to the left, beginning tabbed line if necessary. @@ -2292,20 +2311,8 @@ Tables will not be split between two pages. The optional argument @code{[placement]} determines where @LaTeX{} will try to place your table. There are four places where @LaTeX{} can possibly put -a float: - -@itemize @bullet -@item -@code{h}: Here - at the position in the text where the table -environment appears. -@item -@code{t}: Top - at the top of a text page. -@item -@code{b}: Bottom - at the bottom of a text page. -@item -@code{p}: Page of floats - on a separate float page, which is a page -containing no text, only floats. -@end itemize +a float; these are the same as that used with the @code{figure} +environment, and described there (@pxref{figure}). The standard @code{report} and @code{article} classes use the default placement @code{[tbp]}. @@ -2353,48 +2360,54 @@ The mandatory and optional arguments consist of: Specifies the width of the @code{tabular*} environment. There must be rubber space between columns that can stretch to fill out the specified width. + @item pos Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre of the environment. -@itemize @bullet -@item -@code{t} - align on top row -@item -@code{b} - align on bottom row -@end itemize +@table @code +@item t +align on top row +@item b +align on bottom row +@end table @item cols Specifies the column formatting. It consists of a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. -@itemize @bullet +@table @code + +@item l +A column of left-aligned items. + +@item r +A column of right-aligned items. @item -@code{l} - A column of left-aligned items. -@item -@code{r} - A column of right-aligned items. -@item -@code{c} - A column of centred items. -@item -@code{|} - A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. -@item -@code{@@@{text@}} - This inserts @code{text} in every row. An @@-expression -suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any -desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be -included in text. An @code{\extracolsep@{wd@}} command in an -@@-expression causes an extra space of width @code{wd} to appear to the -left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another -@code{\extracolsep} command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this -extra space is not suppressed by an @@-expression. An -@code{\extracolsep} command can be used only in an @@-expression in the -@code{cols} argument. -@item -@code{p@{wd@}} - Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of -width @code{wd}, as if it were the argument of a @code{\parbox[t]@{wd@}} -command. However, a @code{\\} may not appear in the item, except in the -following situations: +A column of centred items. + +@item | +A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. + +@item @@@{@var{text}@} +This inserts @var{text} in every row. An @@-expression suppresses the +intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space +between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in +text. An @code{\extracolsep@{wd@}} command in an @@-expression causes +an extra space of width @code{wd} to appear to the left of all +subsequent columns, until countermanded by another @code{\extracolsep} +command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not +suppressed by an @@-expression. An @code{\extracolsep} command can be +used only in an @@-expression in the @code{cols} argument. + +@item p@{@var{wd}@} +Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width +@var{wd}, as if it were the argument of a +@code{\parbox[t]@{@var{wd}@}} command. However, a @code{\\} may not +appear in the item, except in the following situations: + @enumerate @item inside an environment like @code{minipage}, @code{array}, or @code{tabular}. @@ -2405,14 +2418,13 @@ in the scope of a @code{\centering}, @code{\raggedright}, or @code{\raggedleft} declaration. The latter declarations must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a @code{p}-column element. @end enumerate -@item -@code{*@{num@}@{cols@}} - Equivalent to @code{num} copies of -@code{cols}, where @code{num} is any positive integer and @code{cols} is -any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another -@code{*-expression}. -@end itemize +@item *@{@var{num}@}@{@var{cols}@} +Equivalent to @var{num} copies of @var{cols}, where @var{num} is a +positive integer and @var{cols} is any list of column-specifiers, +which may contain another @code{*-expression}. +@end table @end table Parameters that control formatting: @@ -2426,7 +2438,7 @@ default is @samp{.4pt}. @item \arraystretch Scaling of spacing between rows in the @code{tabular} and @code{array} -environments; default is @samp{1},for no scaling. +environments; default is @samp{1}, for no scaling. @item \doublerulesep Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by @code{||} @@ -2636,7 +2648,7 @@ The standard @var{style} names distributed with Bib@TeX{} are: @table @code @item alpha Sorted alphabetically. Labels are formed from name of author and year of -publication. +publication. @item plain Sorted alphabetically. Labels are numeric. @item unsrt @@ -3094,7 +3106,7 @@ Synopsis: Defines a control sequence @code{\@var{cmd}}, which must not already be defined, to make @var{fontname} be the current font. The file -looked for on the system is named @file{@var{fontname}.tfm}. +looked for on the system is named @file{@var{fontname}.tfm}. This is a low-level command for setting up to use an individual font. More commonly, fonts are defined in families through @file{.fd} files. @@ -3124,7 +3136,7 @@ be preceded by @code{\protect}. See also: @smallexample -@exdent @url{http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html} +@exdent @url{http://www-h.eng.cam.ac.uk/help/tpl/textprocessing/teTeX/latex/latex2e-html/fragile.html} @exdent @url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=protect} @end smallexample @@ -3483,7 +3495,7 @@ that @LaTeX{} might otherwise have chosen. The declaration @code{\fussy} (which is the default) makes @TeX{} picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between -words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. +words, at the cost of an occasional overfull box. This command cancels the effect of a previous @code{\sloppy} command (@pxref{\sloppy}. @@ -3715,7 +3727,7 @@ will be placed @itemize @bullet @item in the right margin for one-sided layout; -@item +@item in the outside margin for two-sided layout; @item in the nearest margin for two-column layout. @@ -4614,6 +4626,11 @@ in math. These are different from accents in normal text @cindex acute accent, math Math acute accent: @math{\acute{x}}. +@item \bar +@cindex bar-over accent, math +@cindex macron accent, math +Math bar-over accent: @math{\bar{x}}. + @item \breve @cindex breve accent, math Math breve accent: @math{\breve{x}}. @@ -4712,7 +4729,7 @@ A horizontal ellipsis with the dots raised to the center of the line. @tex As in: `$\cdots$'. @end tex - + @item \ddots A diagonal ellipsis: @math{\ddots}. @@ -4955,7 +4972,7 @@ Custom headers, specified via the @code{\markboth} or the Here are the descriptions of @code{\markboth} and @code{\markright}: @ftable @code -@item \markboth@{@var{left}@}@{@var{right}@} +@item \markboth@{@var{left}@}@{@var{right}@} Sets both the left and the right heading. A ``left-hand heading'' (@var{left}) is generated by the last @code{\markboth} command before the end of the page, while a ``right-hand heading'' (@var{right} is @@ -4964,7 +4981,7 @@ comes on the page if there is one, otherwise by the last one before the page. @item \markright@{@var{right}@} -Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged. +Sets the right heading, leaving the left heading unchanged. @end ftable @@ -4990,20 +5007,20 @@ more often useful in math mode (@pxref{Spacing in math mode}). @menu Horizontal space -* \hspace:: Fixed horizontal space. +* \hspace:: Fixed horizontal space. * \SPACE:: Normal interword space. * \AT:: Ending a sentence. * \thinspace:: One-sixth of an em. * \/:: Per-character italic correction. -* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space. -* \hrulefill:: Stretchable horizontal rule. -* \dotfill:: Stretchable horizontal dots. +* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space. +* \hrulefill:: Stretchable horizontal rule. +* \dotfill:: Stretchable horizontal dots. Vertical space * \addvspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space if needed. * \bigskip \medskip \smallskip:: Fixed vertical spaces. -* \vfill:: Infinitely stretchable vertical space. -* \vspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space. +* \vfill:: Infinitely stretchable vertical space. +* \vspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space. @end menu @@ -5286,7 +5303,6 @@ The text inside the environment is saved in the box @code{cmd}, which must have been declared with @code{\newsavebox}. - @node \makebox @section @code{\makebox} @findex \makebox @@ -5619,28 +5635,22 @@ Produces a grave accent over the following, as in @`{o}. In the @item \~ @findex \~ @r{(tilde accent)} @cindex tilde accent -Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in @~{n}. +Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in @~{n}. @item \b @findex \b @r{(bar-under accent)} @cindex bar-under accent -Produces a bar accent under the following, as in @ubaraccent{o}. - -@item \bar -@findex \bar @r{(macron, bar-over accent)} -@cindex bar-over accent -@cindex macron accent -Produces a macron accent over the following, as in @={o}. +Produces a bar accent under the following, as in @ubaraccent{o}. @item \c @findex \c @r{(cedilla accent)} @cindex cedilla accent -Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in @c{c}. +Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in @c{c}. @item \d @findex \d @r{(dot-under accent)} @cindex dot-under accent -Produces a dot accent under the following, as in @udotaccent{o}. +Produces a dot accent under the following, as in @udotaccent{o}. @item \H @findex \H @r{(Hungarian umlaut accent)} @@ -5648,27 +5658,27 @@ Produces a dot accent under the following, as in @udotaccent{o}. Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in @H{o}. @item \i -@findex \i @r{(dotless i)} +@findex \i @r{(dotless i)} @cindex dotless i Produces a dotless i, as in `@dotless{i}'. @item \j -@findex \j @r{(dotless j)} +@findex \j @r{(dotless j)} @cindex dotless j Produces a dotless j, as in `@dotless{j}'. @item \t -@findex \t @r{(tie-after accent)} +@findex \t @r{(tie-after accent)} @cindex tie-after accent Produces a tie-after accent, as in `@tieaccent{oo}'. @item \u -@findex \u @r{(breve accent)} +@findex \u @r{(breve accent)} @cindex breve accent Produces a breve accent, as in `@u{o}'. @item \v -@findex \v @r{(breve accent)} +@findex \v @r{(breve accent)} @cindex hacek accent @cindex check accent Produces a h@'a@v{c}ek (check) accent, as in `@v{o}'. @@ -5882,7 +5892,7 @@ table of contents, write a @code{\newpage} command after the @findex \listoffigures @findex \listoftables -The analagous commands @code{\listoffigures} and @code{\listoftables} +The analogous commands @code{\listoffigures} and @code{\listoftables} produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. @@ -5901,8 +5911,8 @@ The command @code{\nofiles} overrides these commands, and @findex \addcontentsline@{@var{ext}@}@{@var{unit}@}@{@var{text}@} @cindex table of contents entry, manually adding -The @code{\addcontentsline} command adds an entry to the specified list -or table where: +The @code{\addcontentsline}@{@var{ext}@}@{@var{unit}@}@{@var{text}@} +command adds an entry to the specified list or table where: @table @var @item ext @@ -5939,9 +5949,9 @@ command @code{\contentsline@{@var{unit}@}@{@var{name}@}}. @subsection \addtocontents @findex \addtocontents@{@var{ext}@}@{@var{text}@} -The @code{\addtocontents} command adds text (or formatting commands) -directly to the @file{.}@var{ext} file that generates the table of -contents or lists of figures or tables. +The @code{\addtocontents}@{@var{ext}@}@{@var{text}@} command adds text +(or formatting commands) directly to the @file{.@var{ext}} file that +generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. @table @var @item ext @@ -5980,11 +5990,12 @@ glossaries. @cindex indexes @findex \makeindex -The command @code{\makeindex} enables creating indexes. +The command @code{\makeindex} enables creating indexes. Put this in +the preamble. @findex \index @cindex @file{.idx} file -The command @code{\index@{@var{text}@}} writes a glossary entry for +The command @code{\index@{@var{text}@}} writes an index entry for @var{text} to an auxiliary file with the @file{.idx} extension. @findex \indexentry @@ -5992,17 +6003,47 @@ Specifically, what gets written is the command @code{\indexentry@{@var{text}@}@{@var{pageno}@}}, where @var{pageno} is the current @code{\thepage} value. -The rubber length @code{\indexspace} is inserted before each new -letter in the index; its default value is @samp{10pt plus5pt -minus3pt}. +@cindex `see' and `see also' index entries +To generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a +vertical bar: @code{\index@{bar|see@{foo@}@}}. Use @code{seealso} +instead of @code{see} to make a `See also' entry. + +@findex \seename +@findex \alsoname +The text `See' is defined by the macro @code{\seename}, and `See also' +by the macro @code{\alsoname}. These can be redefined for other +languages. @cindex @command{makeindex} program @cindex @command{xindy} program @cindex @file{.ind} file +The generated @file{.idx} file is then sorted with an external +command, usually either @command{makeindex} +(@url{http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex}) or (the +multi-lingual) @command{xindy} (@url{http://xindy.sourceforge.net}). +This results in a @file{.ind} file, which can then be read to typeset +the index. + +@findex printindex +@cindex @code{makeidx} package +The index is usually generated with the @code{\printindex} command. +This is defined in the @code{makeidx} package, so +@code{\usepackage@{makeidx@}} needs to be in the preamble. + +@findex indexspace +The rubber length @code{\indexspace} is inserted before each new +letter in the printed index; its default value is @samp{10pt plus5pt +minus3pt}. + +@cindex @code{showidx} package +The @code{showidx} package causes each index entries to be shown in +the margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in +preparing the index. -The @file{.idx} file can then be sorted with an external command, -typically @command{makeindex} or @command{xindy}, resulting in a -@file{.ind} file, which can then be used to typeset the index. +@cindex @code{multind} package +The @code{multind} package supports multiple indexes. See also the +@TeX{} FAQ entry on this topic, +@url{http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind}. @node Letters @@ -6029,7 +6070,7 @@ Each letter is a @code{letter} environment, whose argument is the name and address of the recipient. For example, you might have: @example - \begin@{letter@}@{Mr. Joe Smith\\ 2345 Princess St. + \begin@{letter@}@{Mr. Joe Smith\\ 2345 Princess St. \\ Edinburgh, EH1 1AA@} ... \end@{letter@} @@ -6303,7 +6344,7 @@ will process @file{foo.tex} without pausing after every error. @findex \stop If @LaTeX{} stops in the middle of the document and gives you a @samp{*} prompt, it is waiting for input. You can type @code{\stop} -(and return) and it will prematurely end the document. +(and return) and it will prematurely end the document. diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt index c1e85d52913..95368211ed9 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.txt @@ -243,8 +243,8 @@ Command Index LaTeX2e ******* -This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an unofficial reference -manual for LaTeX, a document preparation system. It is intended to +This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document +preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. @@ -1101,7 +1101,7 @@ places an equation number in the right margin. 8.10 `figure' ============= - \begin{figure}[PLACEMENT] + \begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT] FIGBODY \label{LABEL} \caption[LOFTITLE]{TEXT} @@ -1111,20 +1111,35 @@ places an equation number in the right margin. instead "floated" to a convenient place, such as the top of a page. Figures will not be split between two pages. + When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a +full-width figure (across both columns). + The optional argument `[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try to place your figure. There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put a float: - 1. `h' (Here) - at the position in the text where the figure - environment appears. - - 2. `t' (Top) - at the top of a text page. - - 3. `b' (Bottom) - at the bottom of a text page. +`t' + (Top)--at the top of a text page. - 4. `p' (Page of floats) - on a separate float page, which is a page +`b' + (Bottom)--at the bottom of a text page. However, `b' is not + allowed for full-width floats (`figure*') with double-column + output. To ameliorate this, use the `stfloats' or `dblfloatfix' + package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ: + `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat'. + +`h' + (Here)--at the position in the text where the figure environment + appears. However, this is not allowed by itself, `t' is + automatically added. To absolutely force a figure to appear + "here", use the `float' and use its `H' placement letter. (That + package also provides other options.) + +`p' + (Page of floats)--on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. + The standard report and article classes use the default placement `tbp'. @@ -1238,11 +1253,11 @@ There must be at least one `\item' command within the environment. By default, the marks at each level look like this: - 1. * + 1. * (bullet) 2. -- (bold en-dash) - 3. * + 3. * (asterisk) 4. . (centered dot, rendered here as a period) @@ -1300,9 +1315,9 @@ loose, by default). `\topsep' Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. - The default is `4pt plus2pt minus2pt' for `10pt' documents, `6pt - plus2pt minus2pt' for `11pt', and `9pt plus3pt minus5pt' for - `12pt'. + For top-level lists, the default is `8pt plus2pt minus4pt' for + `10pt' documents, `9pt plus3pt minus5pt' for `11pt', and `10pt + plus4pt minus6pt' for `12pt'. These are reduced for nested lists. `\partopsep' Extra space added to `\topsep' when the list environment starts a @@ -1310,12 +1325,6 @@ loose, by default). documents, `3pt plus1pt minus1pt' for `11pt', and `3pt plus2pt minus2pt' for `12pt'. -`\topsep' - Extra vertical space added before an initial and after a final list - item. Its value is changed with list level and font size changes; - for instance, within a first-level list at `10pt', it is `4pt - plus2pt minus2pt'. - Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide space between items. Here is an example defining an `itemize*' @@ -1372,17 +1381,16 @@ text. `\(...\))' and `$...$' are synonyms. *Note Math formulas::. 8.17 `minipage' =============== - \begin{minipage}[POSITION]{WIDTH} + \begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage} The `minipage' environment typesets its body TEXT in a block that -will not be broken across pages (similar to the `\parbox' command, -*note \parbox::). You may use other paragraph-making environments -inside a minipage (unlike `\parbox'). +will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the `\parbox' +command (*note \parbox::), but unlike `\parbox', other paragraph-making +environments can be used inside a minipage. - It takes an optional POSITION argument for placing TEXT, and a -mandatory WIDTH argument for specifying the line width. + The arguments are the same as for `\parbox' (*note \parbox::). By default, paragraphs are not indented in the `minipage' environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as @@ -1434,13 +1442,15 @@ ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if `\unitlength' has been set to `1mm', the command - \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) - produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 -millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose -upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first -draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin + + \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) + +produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, +whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right +corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a +picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by -shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. +shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument. The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture @@ -1487,13 +1497,18 @@ normal `\makebox' command except that you must specify a `width' and The optional argument, `[position]', specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: - * `t' - Moves the item to the top of the rectangle +`t' + Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. + +`b' + Moves the item to the bottom. - * `b' - Moves the item to the bottom +`l' + Moves the item to the left. - * `l' - Moves the item to the left +`r' + Moves the item to the right. - * `r' - Moves the item to the right *Note \makebox::. @@ -1792,17 +1807,8 @@ Tables will not be split between two pages. The optional argument `[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try to place your table. There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put -a float: - - * `h': Here - at the position in the text where the table - environment appears. - - * `t': Top - at the top of a text page. - - * `b': Bottom - at the bottom of a text page. - - * `p': Page of floats - on a separate float page, which is a page - containing no text, only floats. +a float; these are the same as that used with the `figure' environment, +and described there (*note figure::). The standard `report' and `article' classes use the default placement `[tbp]'. @@ -1845,40 +1851,47 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre of the environment. - * `t' - align on top row + `t' + align on top row - * `b' - align on bottom row + `b' + align on bottom row `cols' Specifies the column formatting. It consists of a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. - * `l' - A column of left-aligned items. + `l' + A column of left-aligned items. + + `r' + A column of right-aligned items. - * `r' - A column of right-aligned items. + `' + A column of centred items. - * `c' - A column of centred items. + `|' + A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. - * `|' - A vertical line the full height and depth of the - environment. + `@{TEXT}' + This inserts TEXT in every row. An @-expression suppresses + the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any + desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent + items must be included in text. An `\extracolsep{wd}' + command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width + `wd' to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until + countermanded by another `\extracolsep' command. Unlike + ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not + suppressed by an @-expression. An `\extracolsep' command can + be used only in an @-expression in the `cols' argument. - * `@{text}' - This inserts `text' in every row. An @-expression - suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between - columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the - adjacent items must be included in text. An - `\extracolsep{wd}' command in an @-expression causes an extra - space of width `wd' to appear to the left of all subsequent - columns, until countermanded by another `\extracolsep' - command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space - is not suppressed by an @-expression. An `\extracolsep' - command can be used only in an @-expression in the `cols' - argument. + `p{WD}' + Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width + WD, as if it were the argument of a `\parbox[t]{WD}' command. + However, a `\\' may not appear in the item, except in the + following situations: - * `p{wd}' - Produces a column with each item typeset in a - parbox of width `wd', as if it were the argument of a - `\parbox[t]{wd}' command. However, a `\\' may not appear in - the item, except in the following situations: 1. inside an environment like `minipage', `array', or `tabular'. @@ -1889,10 +1902,10 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command appear inside braces or an environment when used in a `p'-column element. - * `*{num}{cols}' - Equivalent to `num' copies of `cols', where - `num' is any positive integer and `cols' is any list of - column-specifiers, which may contain another `*-expression'. - + `*{NUM}{COLS}' + Equivalent to NUM copies of COLS, where NUM is a positive + integer and COLS is any list of column-specifiers, which may + contain another `*-expression'. Parameters that control formatting: @@ -1903,7 +1916,7 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command `\arraystretch' Scaling of spacing between rows in the `tabular' and `array' - environments; default is `1',for no scaling. + environments; default is `1', for no scaling. `\doublerulesep' Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by `||' in @@ -3615,6 +3628,9 @@ Accents::). `\acute' Math acute accent: \acutex. +`\bar' + Math bar-over accent: \barx. + `\breve' Math breve accent: \brevex. @@ -4293,9 +4309,6 @@ for creating accented characters. `\b' Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_. -`\bar' - Produces a macron accent over the following, as in o=. - `\c' Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in @@ -4454,7 +4467,7 @@ automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of contents, write a `\newpage' command after the `\tableofcontents' command. - The analagous commands `\listoffigures' and `\listoftables' produce + The analogous commands `\listoffigures' and `\listoftables' produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. @@ -4464,8 +4477,8 @@ of these lists from being generated. 23.1.1 \addcontentsline ----------------------- -The `\addcontentsline' command adds an entry to the specified list or -table where: +The `\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the +specified list or table where: EXT The extension of the file on which information is to be written, @@ -4495,9 +4508,9 @@ ENTRY 23.1.2 \addtocontents --------------------- -The `\addtocontents' command adds text (or formatting commands) -directly to the `.'EXT file that generates the table of contents or -lists of figures or tables. +The `\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting +commands) directly to the `.EXT' file that generates the table of +contents or lists of figures or tables. EXT The extension of the file on which information is to be written: @@ -4525,21 +4538,43 @@ glossaries. 23.3 Indexes ============ -The command `\makeindex' enables creating indexes. +The command `\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the +preamble. - The command `\index{TEXT}' writes a glossary entry for TEXT to an + The command `\index{TEXT}' writes an index entry for TEXT to an auxiliary file with the `.idx' extension. Specifically, what gets written is the command `\indexentry{TEXT}{PAGENO}', where PAGENO is the current `\thepage' value. + To generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a +vertical bar: `\index{bar|see{foo}}'. Use `seealso' instead of `see' +to make a `See also' entry. + + The text `See' is defined by the macro `\seename', and `See also' by +the macro `\alsoname'. These can be redefined for other languages. + + The generated `.idx' file is then sorted with an external command, +usually either `makeindex' +(`http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex') or (the multi-lingual) +`xindy' (`http://xindy.sourceforge.net'). This results in a `.ind' +file, which can then be read to typeset the index. + + The index is usually generated with the `\printindex' command. This +is defined in the `makeidx' package, so `\usepackage{makeidx}' needs to +be in the preamble. + The rubber length `\indexspace' is inserted before each new letter -in the index; its default value is `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'. +in the printed index; its default value is `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'. + + The `showidx' package causes each index entries to be shown in the +margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in preparing +the index. - The `.idx' file can then be sorted with an external command, -typically `makeindex' or `xindy', resulting in a `.ind' file, which can -then be used to typeset the index. + The `multind' package supports multiple indexes. See also the TeX +FAQ entry on this topic, +`http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind'. 24 Letters ********** @@ -4877,715 +4912,723 @@ Email \verb|tugboat@tug.org| if problems or questions. Concept Index ************* -* prompt: See 26. (line 4738) +* prompt: See 26. (line 4773) *-form of sectioning commands: See 6. (line 788) -.glo file: See 23.2. (line 4515) -.idx file: See 23.3. (line 4530) -.ind file: See 23.3. (line 4540) +.glo file: See 23.2. (line 4528) +.idx file: See 23.3. (line 4544) +.ind file: See 23.3. (line 4558) +`see' and `see also' index entries: See 23.3. (line 4551) abstracts: See 8.1. (line 881) -accents: See 21.3. (line 4263) -accents, mathematical: See 16.4. (line 3611) -accessing any character of a font: See 21.1. (line 4210) -acute accent: See 21.3. (line 4272) -acute accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3616) -ae ligature: See 21.4. (line 4337) +accents: See 21.3. (line 4279) +accents, mathematical: See 16.4. (line 3624) +accessing any character of a font: See 21.1. (line 4226) +acute accent: See 21.3. (line 4288) +acute accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3629) +ae ligature: See 21.4. (line 4350) aligning Equations: See 8.8. (line 1065) -alignment via tabbing: See 8.21. (line 1688) +alignment via tabbing: See 8.21. (line 1703) appendix, creating: See 6. (line 794) -aring: See 21.4. (line 4333) +aring: See 21.4. (line 4346) arrays, math: See 8.2. (line 892) -author, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3779) -bar-over accent: See 21.3. (line 4280) -bar-under accent: See 21.3. (line 4294) -bibliography, creating (automatically): See 8.24.4. (line 2035) -bibliography, creating (manually): See 8.24. (line 1970) -bibTeX, using: See 8.24.4. (line 2035) +author, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3795) +bar-over accent: See 21.3. (line 4296) +bar-over accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3632) +bar-under accent: See 21.3. (line 4310) +bibliography, creating (automatically): See 8.24.4. (line 2048) +bibliography, creating (manually): See 8.24. (line 1983) +bibTeX, using: See 8.24.4. (line 2048) black boxes, omitting: See 3.1. (line 357) bold font: See 4.1. (line 502) bold typewriter, avoiding: See 8.4. (line 988) -boxes: See 20. (line 4019) -breaking lines: See 13. (line 2578) -breaking pages: See 14. (line 2679) -breve accent: See 21.3. (line 4319) -breve accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3619) -bullet symbol: See 16.2. (line 2946) -bulleted lists: See 8.13. (line 1223) +boxes: See 20. (line 4035) +breaking lines: See 13. (line 2591) +breaking pages: See 14. (line 2692) +breve accent: See 21.3. (line 4332) +breve accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3635) +bullet symbol: See 16.2. (line 2959) +bulleted lists: See 8.13. (line 1238) calligraphic letters for math: See 4.1. (line 505) -cc list, in letters: See 24.2. (line 4596) -cedilla accent: See 21.3. (line 4300) +cc list, in letters: See 24.2. (line 4631) +cedilla accent: See 21.3. (line 4313) centering text, declaration for: See 8.3.1. (line 953) centering text, environment for: See 8.3. (line 939) -characters, accented: See 21.3. (line 4263) -characters, non-English: See 21.4. (line 4328) -characters, reserved: See 21.1. (line 4191) -check accent: See 21.3. (line 4322) -check accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3622) -circumflex accent: See 21.3. (line 4283) -circumflex accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3634) +characters, accented: See 21.3. (line 4279) +characters, non-English: See 21.4. (line 4341) +characters, reserved: See 21.1. (line 4207) +check accent: See 21.3. (line 4335) +check accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3638) +circumflex accent: See 21.3. (line 4299) +circumflex accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3650) class options: See 3.1. (line 336) classes of documents: See 3. (line 319) -closing letters: See 24.3. (line 4606) -closing quote: See 21.2. (line 4251) -code, typesetting: See 8.27. (line 2105) -command Line: See 26. (line 4729) -commands, defining new ones: See 10.1. (line 2231) -computer programs, typesetting: See 8.27. (line 2105) -copyright symbol: See 21.2. (line 4226) -counters, a list of: See 11. (line 2405) -counters, defining new: See 10.2. (line 2264) -counters, getting value of: See 11.3. (line 2464) -counters, setting: See 11.4. (line 2478) -creating letters: See 24. (line 4547) -creating pictures: See 8.18. (line 1404) -creating tables: See 8.22. (line 1780) -credit footnote: See 18.1. (line 3789) +closing letters: See 24.3. (line 4641) +closing quote: See 21.2. (line 4267) +code, typesetting: See 8.27. (line 2118) +command Line: See 26. (line 4764) +commands, defining new ones: See 10.1. (line 2244) +computer programs, typesetting: See 8.27. (line 2118) +copyright symbol: See 21.2. (line 4242) +counters, a list of: See 11. (line 2418) +counters, defining new: See 10.2. (line 2277) +counters, getting value of: See 11.3. (line 2477) +counters, setting: See 11.4. (line 2491) +creating letters: See 24. (line 4582) +creating pictures: See 8.18. (line 1412) +creating tables: See 8.22. (line 1795) +credit footnote: See 18.1. (line 3805) cross references: See 7. (line 807) cross referencing with page number: See 7.2. (line 849) cross referencing, symbolic: See 7.3. (line 859) -dagger, in text: See 21.2. (line 4229) -date, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3785) -datetime package: See 21.6. (line 4382) -defining a new command: See 10.1. (line 2231) -defining new environments: See 10.5. (line 2304) -defining new fonts: See 10.7. (line 2369) -defining new theorems: See 10.6. (line 2340) -definitions: See 10. (line 2226) +dagger, in text: See 21.2. (line 4245) +date, for titlepage: See 18.1. (line 3801) +datetime package: See 21.6. (line 4395) +defining a new command: See 10.1. (line 2244) +defining new environments: See 10.5. (line 2317) +defining new fonts: See 10.7. (line 2382) +defining new theorems: See 10.6. (line 2353) +definitions: See 10. (line 2239) description lists, creating: See 8.4. (line 976) -discretionary multiplication: See 16.6. (line 3680) -displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation:See 8.19. (line 1658) +discretionary multiplication: See 16.6. (line 3696) +displaying quoted text with paragraph indentation:See 8.19. (line 1673) displaying quoted text without paragraph indentation:See 8.20. - (line 1673) + (line 1688) document class options: See 3.1. (line 336) document classes: See 3. (line 319) document templates: See Appendix A. - (line 4745) -dot accent: See 21.3. (line 4277) -dot over accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3628) -dot-over accent: See 21.3. (line 4277) -dot-under accent: See 21.3. (line 4303) -dotless i: See 21.3. (line 4310) -dotless i, math: See 16.4. (line 3637) -dotless j: See 21.3. (line 4313) -dotless j, math: See 16.4. (line 3640) -double dagger, in text: See 21.2. (line 4232) -double dot accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3625) -ellipsis: See 21.2. (line 4238) + (line 4780) +dot accent: See 21.3. (line 4293) +dot over accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3644) +dot-over accent: See 21.3. (line 4293) +dot-under accent: See 21.3. (line 4316) +dotless i: See 21.3. (line 4323) +dotless i, math: See 16.4. (line 3653) +dotless j: See 21.3. (line 4326) +dotless j, math: See 16.4. (line 3656) +double dagger, in text: See 21.2. (line 4248) +double dot accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3641) +ellipsis: See 21.2. (line 4254) emphasis: See 4.1. (line 444) -enclosure list: See 24.4. (line 4616) +enclosure list: See 24.4. (line 4651) ending & starting: See 2. (line 301) -enlarge current page: See 14.4. (line 2706) +enlarge current page: See 14.4. (line 2719) environments: See 8. (line 871) -environments, defining: See 10.5. (line 2304) +environments, defining: See 10.5. (line 2317) equation number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 859) equation numbers, omitting: See 8.8. (line 1079) equations, aligning: See 8.8. (line 1065) equations, environment for: See 8.9. (line 1091) -es-zet German letter: See 21.4. (line 4352) -exponent: See 16.1. (line 2856) +es-zet German letter: See 21.4. (line 4365) +exponent: See 16.1. (line 2869) figure number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 859) -figures, footnotes in: See 8.17. (line 1391) +figures, footnotes in: See 8.17. (line 1399) figures, inserting: See 8.10. (line 1104) fixed-width font: See 4.1. (line 526) -flushing floats and starting a page: See 14.2. (line 2694) +float package: See 8.10. (line 1132) +flushing floats and starting a page: See 14.2. (line 2707) font commands, low-level: See 4.3. (line 558) font sizes: See 4.2. (line 532) font styles: See 4.1. (line 424) fonts: See 4. (line 418) -fonts, new commands for: See 10.7. (line 2369) -footer style: See 18.3. (line 3824) +fonts, new commands for: See 10.7. (line 2382) +footer style: See 18.3. (line 3840) footer, parameters for: See 5.5. (line 706) footnote number, cross referencing: See 7.3. (line 859) -footnote parameters: See 9.4. (line 2209) -footnotes in figures: See 8.17. (line 1391) -footnotes, creating: See 9. (line 2158) +footnote parameters: See 9.4. (line 2222) +footnotes in figures: See 8.17. (line 1399) +footnotes, creating: See 9. (line 2171) formulas, environment for: See 8.9. (line 1091) -formulas, math: See 16. (line 2818) -fragile commands: See 10.8. (line 2383) -functions, math: See 16.3. (line 3502) +formulas, math: See 16. (line 2831) +fragile commands: See 10.8. (line 2396) +functions, math: See 16.3. (line 3515) global options: See 3.1. (line 336) -glossaries: See 23.2. (line 4513) -grave accent: See 21.3. (line 4286) -grave accent, math: See 16.4. (line 3631) -greek letters: See 16.2. (line 2865) -ha'c <1>: See 16.5. (line 3668) -\>: See 8.21. (line 1713) -\> (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1712) -\@: See 19.4. (line 3915) -\[: See 16. (line 2830) -\\ (for \shortstack objects): See 8.18.13. (line 1642) +\" (umlaut accent): See 21.3. (line 4285) +\#: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\$: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\%: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\&: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\' (acute accent): See 21.3. (line 4288) +\' (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1742) +\(: See 16. (line 2843) +\): See 16. (line 2843) +\*: See 16.6. (line 3695) +\+: See 8.21. (line 1734) +\,: See 16.5. (line 3687) +\-: See 8.21. (line 1738) +\- (hyphenation): See 13.4. (line 2629) +\. (dot-over accent): See 21.3. (line 4293) +\/: See 19.6. (line 3952) +\:: See 16.5. (line 3684) +\;: See 16.5. (line 3680) +\<: See 8.21. (line 1730) +\= (macron accent): See 21.3. (line 4296) +\= (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1724) +\> <1>: See 16.5. (line 3684) +\>: See 8.21. (line 1728) +\> (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1727) +\@: See 19.4. (line 3931) +\[: See 16. (line 2843) +\\ (for \shortstack objects): See 8.18.13. (line 1657) \\ (for array): See 8.2. (line 914) \\ (for center): See 8.3. (line 946) \\ (for eqnarray): See 8.8. (line 1071) -\\ (for flushright): See 8.12. (line 1203) -\\ for \author: See 18.1. (line 3779) -\\ for \title: See 18.1. (line 3793) -\\ for flushleft: See 8.11. (line 1177) -\\ for letters: See 24. (line 4573) -\\ for tabular: See 8.23. (line 1833) -\\ for verse: See 8.28. (line 2150) -\\ force line break: See 13.1. (line 2590) -\\ tabbing: See 8.21. (line 1706) +\\ (for flushright): See 8.12. (line 1218) +\\ for \author: See 18.1. (line 3795) +\\ for \title: See 18.1. (line 3809) +\\ for flushleft: See 8.11. (line 1192) +\\ for letters: See 24. (line 4608) +\\ for tabular: See 8.23. (line 1839) +\\ for verse: See 8.28. (line 2163) +\\ force line break: See 13.1. (line 2603) +\\ tabbing: See 8.21. (line 1721) \\* (for eqnarray): See 8.8. (line 1076) -\]: See 16. (line 2830) -\^: See 21.1. (line 4206) -\^ (circumflex accent): See 21.3. (line 4283) -\_: See 21.1. (line 4196) -\` (grave accent): See 21.3. (line 4286) -\` (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1733) -\a (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1742) -\a' (acute accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1743) -\a= (macron accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1743) -\a` (grave accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1743) -\AA (AA): See 21.4. (line 4333) -\aa (aa): See 21.4. (line 4333) -\acute: See 16.4. (line 3615) -\addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: See 23.1.1. (line 4467) -\address: See 24.1. (line 4583) -\addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: See 23.1.2. (line 4498) -\addtocounter: See 11.5. (line 2488) -\addtolength: See 12.2. (line 2531) -\addvspace: See 19.9. (line 3967) -\AE (AE): See 21.4. (line 4337) -\ae (ae): See 21.4. (line 4337) -\aleph: See 16.2. (line 2873) -\Alph: See 11.1. (line 2427) -\alph: See 11.1. (line 2424) +\]: See 16. (line 2843) +\^: See 21.1. (line 4222) +\^ (circumflex accent): See 21.3. (line 4299) +\_: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\` (grave accent): See 21.3. (line 4302) +\` (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1748) +\a (tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1757) +\a' (acute accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1758) +\a= (macron accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1758) +\a` (grave accent in tabbing): See 8.21. (line 1758) +\AA (AA): See 21.4. (line 4346) +\aa (aa): See 21.4. (line 4346) +\acute: See 16.4. (line 3628) +\addcontentsline{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT}: See 23.1.1. (line 4480) +\address: See 24.1. (line 4618) +\addtocontents{EXT}{TEXT}: See 23.1.2. (line 4511) +\addtocounter: See 11.5. (line 2501) +\addtolength: See 12.2. (line 2544) +\addvspace: See 19.9. (line 3983) +\AE (AE): See 21.4. (line 4350) +\ae (ae): See 21.4. (line 4350) +\aleph: See 16.2. (line 2886) +\Alph: See 11.1. (line 2440) +\alph: See 11.1. (line 2437) \Alph example: See 8.7. (line 1060) -\alpha: See 16.2. (line 2876) -\amalg: See 16.2. (line 2879) -\and for \author: See 18.1. (line 3779) -\angle: See 16.2. (line 2882) +\alpha: See 16.2. (line 2889) +\alsoname: See 23.3. (line 4555) +\amalg: See 16.2. (line 2892) +\and for \author: See 18.1. (line 3795) +\angle: See 16.2. (line 2895) \appendix: See 6. (line 794) -\approx: See 16.2. (line 2885) -\arabic: See 11.1. (line 2430) -\arccos: See 16.3. (line 3505) -\arcsin: See 16.3. (line 3508) -\arctan: See 16.3. (line 3511) -\arg: See 16.3. (line 3514) +\approx: See 16.2. (line 2898) +\arabic: See 11.1. (line 2443) +\arccos: See 16.3. (line 3518) +\arcsin: See 16.3. (line 3521) +\arctan: See 16.3. (line 3524) +\arg: See 16.3. (line 3527) \arraycolsep: See 8.2. (line 929) -\arrayrulewidth: See 8.23. (line 1900) -\arraystretch: See 8.23. (line 1904) -\ast: See 16.2. (line 2888) -\asymp: See 16.2. (line 2891) -\author{NAME \and NAME2}: See 18.1. (line 3778) -\b (bar-under accent): See 21.3. (line 4294) -\backslash <1>: See 21.1. (line 4201) -\backslash: See 16.2. (line 2894) -\bar (macron, bar-over accent): See 21.3. (line 4297) +\arrayrulewidth: See 8.23. (line 1913) +\arraystretch: See 8.23. (line 1917) +\ast: See 16.2. (line 2901) +\asymp: See 16.2. (line 2904) +\author{NAME \and NAME2}: See 18.1. (line 3794) +\b (bar-under accent): See 21.3. (line 4310) +\backslash <1>: See 21.1. (line 4217) +\backslash: See 16.2. (line 2907) +\bar: See 16.4. (line 3631) \baselineskip: See 4.3. (line 609) \baselinestretch: See 4.3. (line 615) \begin: See 8. (line 871) -\beta: See 16.2. (line 2897) +\beta: See 16.2. (line 2910) \bf: See 4.1. (line 501) \bfseries: See 4.1. (line 450) -\bibitem: See 8.24.1. (line 1995) -\bibliography: See 8.24.4. (line 2035) -\bibliographystyle: See 8.24.4. (line 2035) -\bigcap: See 16.2. (line 2900) -\bigcirc: See 16.2. (line 2903) -\bigcup: See 16.2. (line 2906) -\bigodot: See 16.2. (line 2909) -\bigoplus: See 16.2. (line 2912) -\bigotimes: See 16.2. (line 2915) -\bigskip: See 19.10. (line 3981) -\bigskipamount: See 19.10. (line 3981) -\bigsqcup: See 16.2. (line 2924) -\bigtriangledown: See 16.2. (line 2918) -\bigtriangleup: See 16.2. (line 2921) -\biguplus: See 16.2. (line 2927) -\bigwedge: See 16.2. (line 2933) -\bmod: See 16.3. (line 3517) -\boldmath: See 16. (line 2843) -\bot: See 16.2. (line 2936) -\bottomfraction: See 8.10. (line 1138) -\bowtie: See 16.2. (line 2939) -\Box: See 16.2. (line 2942) -\breve: See 16.4. (line 3618) -\bullet: See 16.2. (line 2945) -\c (cedilla accent): See 21.3. (line 4300) +\bibitem: See 8.24.1. (line 2008) +\bibliography: See 8.24.4. (line 2048) +\bibliographystyle: See 8.24.4. (line 2048) +\bigcap: See 16.2. (line 2913) +\bigcirc: See 16.2. (line 2916) +\bigcup: See 16.2. (line 2919) +\bigodot: See 16.2. (line 2922) +\bigoplus: See 16.2. (line 2925) +\bigotimes: See 16.2. (line 2928) +\bigskip: See 19.10. (line 3997) +\bigskipamount: See 19.10. (line 3997) +\bigsqcup: See 16.2. (line 2937) +\bigtriangledown: See 16.2. (line 2931) +\bigtriangleup: See 16.2. (line 2934) +\biguplus: See 16.2. (line 2940) +\bigwedge: See 16.2. (line 2946) +\bmod: See 16.3. (line 3530) +\boldmath: See 16. (line 2856) +\bot: See 16.2. (line 2949) +\bottomfraction: See 8.10. (line 1153) +\bowtie: See 16.2. (line 2952) +\Box: See 16.2. (line 2955) +\breve: See 16.4. (line 3634) +\bullet: See 16.2. (line 2958) +\c (cedilla accent): See 21.3. (line 4313) \cal: See 4.1. (line 504) -\cap: See 16.2. (line 2948) -\caption: See 8.10. (line 1134) -\cc: See 24.2. (line 4596) -\cdot: See 16.2. (line 2951) -\cdots: See 16.6. (line 3683) +\cap: See 16.2. (line 2961) +\caption: See 8.10. (line 1149) +\cc: See 24.2. (line 4631) +\cdot: See 16.2. (line 2964) +\cdots: See 16.6. (line 3699) \centering: See 8.3.1. (line 953) \chapter: See 6. (line 760) -\check: See 16.4. (line 3621) -\chi: See 16.2. (line 2954) -\circ: See 16.2. (line 2957) -\circle: See 8.18.1. (line 1470) -\cite: See 8.24.2. (line 2012) -\cleardoublepage: See 14.1. (line 2686) -\clearpage: See 14.2. (line 2694) -\cline: See 8.23.2. (line 1944) -\closing: See 24.3. (line 4606) -\clubsuit: See 16.2. (line 2960) +\check: See 16.4. (line 3637) +\chi: See 16.2. (line 2967) +\circ: See 16.2. (line 2970) +\circle: See 8.18.1. (line 1480) +\cite: See 8.24.2. (line 2025) +\cleardoublepage: See 14.1. (line 2699) +\clearpage: See 14.2. (line 2707) +\cline: See 8.23.2. (line 1957) +\closing: See 24.3. (line 4641) +\clubsuit: See 16.2. (line 2973) \columnsep: See 5.2. (line 655) \columnseprule: See 5.2. (line 658) \columnwidth: See 5.2. (line 662) -\cong: See 16.2. (line 2963) -\contentsline: See 23.1.1. (line 4492) -\coprod: See 16.2. (line 2966) -\copyright: See 21.2. (line 4225) -\cos: See 16.3. (line 3520) -\cosh: See 16.3. (line 3523) -\cot: See 16.3. (line 3526) -\coth: See 16.3. (line 3529) -\csc: See 16.3. (line 3532) -\cup: See 16.2. (line 2969) -\d (dot-under accent): See 21.3. (line 4303) -\dag: See 21.2. (line 4228) -\dagger: See 16.2. (line 2972) -\dashbox: See 8.18.4. (line 1518) -\dashv: See 16.2. (line 2975) -\date{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3784) -\day: See 11.8. (line 2507) +\cong: See 16.2. (line 2976) +\contentsline: See 23.1.1. (line 4505) +\coprod: See 16.2. (line 2979) +\copyright: See 21.2. (line 4241) +\cos: See 16.3. (line 3533) +\cosh: See 16.3. (line 3536) +\cot: See 16.3. (line 3539) +\coth: See 16.3. (line 3542) +\csc: See 16.3. (line 3545) +\cup: See 16.2. (line 2982) +\d (dot-under accent): See 21.3. (line 4316) +\dag: See 21.2. (line 4244) +\dagger: See 16.2. (line 2985) +\dashbox: See 8.18.4. (line 1533) +\dashv: See 16.2. (line 2988) +\date{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3800) +\day: See 11.8. (line 2520) \dblfloatpagefraction: See 5.2. (line 674) \dblfloatsep: See 5.2. (line 678) \dbltextfloatsep: See 5.2. (line 683) \dbltopfraction: See 5.2. (line 669) -\ddag: See 21.2. (line 4231) -\ddagger: See 16.2. (line 2978) -\ddot: See 16.4. (line 3624) -\ddots: See 16.6. (line 3687) -\deg: See 16.3. (line 3535) -\delta: See 16.2. (line 2984) -\Delta: See 16.2. (line 2981) -\depth: See 12.6. (line 2563) -\det: See 16.3. (line 3538) -\diamond: See 16.2. (line 2990) -\Diamond: See 16.2. (line 2987) -\diamondsuit: See 16.2. (line 2993) -\dim: See 16.3. (line 3541) -\displaystyle: See 16. (line 2848) -\div: See 16.2. (line 2996) +\ddag: See 21.2. (line 4247) +\ddagger: See 16.2. (line 2991) +\ddot: See 16.4. (line 3640) +\ddots: See 16.6. (line 3703) +\deg: See 16.3. (line 3548) +\delta: See 16.2. (line 2997) +\Delta: See 16.2. (line 2994) +\depth: See 12.6. (line 2576) +\det: See 16.3. (line 3551) +\diamond: See 16.2. (line 3003) +\Diamond: See 16.2. (line 3000) +\diamondsuit: See 16.2. (line 3006) +\dim: See 16.3. (line 3554) +\displaystyle: See 16. (line 2861) +\div: See 16.2. (line 3009) \documentclass: See 3. (line 319) -\dot: See 16.4. (line 3627) -\doteq: See 16.2. (line 2999) -\dotfill: See 19.8. (line 3961) -\doublerulesep: See 8.23. (line 1908) -\Downarrow: See 16.2. (line 3005) -\downarrow: See 16.2. (line 3002) -\ell: See 16.2. (line 3008) +\dot: See 16.4. (line 3643) +\doteq: See 16.2. (line 3012) +\dotfill: See 19.8. (line 3977) +\doublerulesep: See 8.23. (line 1921) +\Downarrow: See 16.2. (line 3018) +\downarrow: See 16.2. (line 3015) +\ell: See 16.2. (line 3021) \em: See 4.1. (line 507) \emph: See 4.1. (line 444) -\emptyset: See 16.2. (line 3011) -\encl: See 24.4. (line 4616) +\emptyset: See 16.2. (line 3024) +\encl: See 24.4. (line 4651) \end: See 8. (line 871) -\enlargethispage: See 14.4. (line 2706) +\enlargethispage: See 14.4. (line 2719) \enumi: See 8.7. (line 1050) \enumii: See 8.7. (line 1050) \enumiii: See 8.7. (line 1050) \enumiv: See 8.7. (line 1050) -\epsilon: See 16.2. (line 3014) -\equiv: See 16.2. (line 3017) -\eta: See 16.2. (line 3020) +\epsilon: See 16.2. (line 3027) +\equiv: See 16.2. (line 3030) +\eta: See 16.2. (line 3033) \evensidemargin: See 3.1. (line 385) -\exists: See 16.2. (line 3023) -\exp: See 16.3. (line 3544) -\fbox: See 20.2. (line 4032) -\fboxrule <1>: See 20.2. (line 4042) -\fboxrule: See 8.18.3. (line 1511) -\fboxsep <1>: See 20.2. (line 4042) -\fboxsep: See 8.18.3. (line 1511) -\fill: See 19.2. (line 3897) -\flat: See 16.2. (line 3026) -\floatpagefraction: See 8.10. (line 1141) -\floatsep: See 8.10. (line 1145) +\exists: See 16.2. (line 3036) +\exp: See 16.3. (line 3557) +\fbox: See 20.2. (line 4048) +\fboxrule <1>: See 20.2. (line 4058) +\fboxrule: See 8.18.3. (line 1526) +\fboxsep <1>: See 20.2. (line 4058) +\fboxsep: See 8.18.3. (line 1526) +\fill: See 19.2. (line 3913) +\flat: See 16.2. (line 3039) +\floatpagefraction: See 8.10. (line 1156) +\floatsep: See 8.10. (line 1160) \flushbottom: See 5.3. (line 691) -\fnsymbol: See 11.1. (line 2439) +\fnsymbol: See 11.1. (line 2452) \fontencoding: See 4.3. (line 563) \fontfamily: See 4.3. (line 566) \fontseries: See 4.3. (line 577) \fontshape: See 4.3. (line 592) \fontsize: See 4.3. (line 609) -\footnote: See 9.1. (line 2165) -\footnotemark: See 9.2. (line 2180) -\footnoterule: See 9.4. (line 2209) -\footnotesep: See 9.4. (line 2215) +\footnote: See 9.1. (line 2178) +\footnotemark: See 9.2. (line 2193) +\footnoterule: See 9.4. (line 2222) +\footnotesep: See 9.4. (line 2228) \footnotesize: See 4.2. (line 537) -\footnotetext: See 9.3. (line 2195) +\footnotetext: See 9.3. (line 2208) \footskip: See 5.5. (line 716) -\forall: See 16.2. (line 3029) -\frac: See 16.6. (line 3691) -\frac{num}{den}: See 16.6. (line 3690) -\frame: See 8.18.5. (line 1531) -\framebox <1>: See 20.2. (line 4032) -\framebox: See 8.18.3. (line 1503) -\frown: See 16.2. (line 3032) -\fussy: See 13.5. (line 2628) -\gamma: See 16.2. (line 3038) -\Gamma: See 16.2. (line 3035) -\gcd: See 16.3. (line 3547) -\ge: See 16.2. (line 3041) -\geq: See 16.2. (line 3044) -\gets: See 16.2. (line 3047) -\gg: See 16.2. (line 3050) -\glossary: See 23.2. (line 4515) -\glossaryentry: See 23.2. (line 4518) -\grave: See 16.4. (line 3630) -\H (Hungarian umlaut accent): See 21.3. (line 4306) -\hat: See 16.4. (line 3633) -\hbar: See 16.2. (line 3053) +\forall: See 16.2. (line 3042) +\frac: See 16.6. (line 3707) +\frac{num}{den}: See 16.6. (line 3706) +\frame: See 8.18.5. (line 1546) +\framebox <1>: See 20.2. (line 4048) +\framebox: See 8.18.3. (line 1518) +\frown: See 16.2. (line 3045) +\fussy: See 13.5. (line 2641) +\gamma: See 16.2. (line 3051) +\Gamma: See 16.2. (line 3048) +\gcd: See 16.3. (line 3560) +\ge: See 16.2. (line 3054) +\geq: See 16.2. (line 3057) +\gets: See 16.2. (line 3060) +\gg: See 16.2. (line 3063) +\glossary: See 23.2. (line 4528) +\glossaryentry: See 23.2. (line 4531) +\grave: See 16.4. (line 3646) +\H (Hungarian umlaut accent): See 21.3. (line 4319) +\hat: See 16.4. (line 3649) +\hbar: See 16.2. (line 3066) \headheight: See 5.5. (line 706) \headsep: See 5.5. (line 711) -\heartsuit: See 16.2. (line 3056) -\height: See 12.6. (line 2561) -\hfill: See 19.2. (line 3894) -\hline: See 8.23.3. (line 1955) -\hom: See 16.3. (line 3550) -\hookleftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3059) -\hookrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3062) -\hrulefill: See 19.7. (line 3954) -\hspace: See 19.1. (line 3878) +\heartsuit: See 16.2. (line 3069) +\height: See 12.6. (line 2574) +\hfill: See 19.2. (line 3910) +\hline: See 8.23.3. (line 1968) +\hom: See 16.3. (line 3563) +\hookleftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3072) +\hookrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3075) +\hrulefill: See 19.7. (line 3970) +\hspace: See 19.1. (line 3894) \Huge: See 4.2. (line 537) \huge: See 4.2. (line 537) -\hyphenation: See 13.7. (line 2646) -\i (dotless i): See 21.3. (line 4310) -\iff: See 16.2. (line 3065) -\Im: See 16.2. (line 3068) -\imath: See 16.4. (line 3636) -\in: See 16.2. (line 3071) -\include: See 22.1. (line 4397) -\includeonly: See 22.2. (line 4415) -\indent: See 15.1. (line 2747) -\index: See 23.3. (line 4530) -\indexentry: See 23.3. (line 4533) -\inf: See 16.3. (line 3553) -\infty: See 16.2. (line 3074) -\input: See 22.3. (line 4429) -\int: See 16.2. (line 3077) -\intextsep: See 8.10. (line 1149) -\iota: See 16.2. (line 3080) +\hyphenation: See 13.7. (line 2659) +\i (dotless i): See 21.3. (line 4323) +\iff: See 16.2. (line 3078) +\Im: See 16.2. (line 3081) +\imath: See 16.4. (line 3652) +\in: See 16.2. (line 3084) +\include: See 22.1. (line 4410) +\includeonly: See 22.2. (line 4428) +\indent: See 15.1. (line 2760) +\index: See 23.3. (line 4544) +\indexentry: See 23.3. (line 4547) +\inf: See 16.3. (line 3566) +\infty: See 16.2. (line 3087) +\input: See 22.3. (line 4442) +\int: See 16.2. (line 3090) +\intextsep: See 8.10. (line 1164) +\iota: See 16.2. (line 3093) \it: See 4.1. (line 510) -\item <1>: See 8.13. (line 1223) +\item <1>: See 8.13. (line 1238) \item <2>: See 8.7. (line 1037) \item: See 8.4. (line 984) -\itemindent: See 8.13. (line 1269) -\itemsep: See 8.13. (line 1292) +\itemindent: See 8.13. (line 1284) +\itemsep: See 8.13. (line 1307) \itshape: See 4.1. (line 441) -\j (dotless j): See 21.3. (line 4313) -\jmath: See 16.4. (line 3639) -\Join: See 16.2. (line 3083) -\kappa: See 16.2. (line 3086) -\ker: See 16.3. (line 3556) -\kill: See 8.21. (line 1747) -\L (/L): See 21.4. (line 4341) -\l (/l): See 21.4. (line 4341) +\j (dotless j): See 21.3. (line 4326) +\jmath: See 16.4. (line 3655) +\Join: See 16.2. (line 3096) +\kappa: See 16.2. (line 3099) +\ker: See 16.3. (line 3569) +\kill: See 8.21. (line 1762) +\L (/L): See 21.4. (line 4354) +\l (/l): See 21.4. (line 4354) \label: See 7.1. (line 813) \labelenumi: See 8.7. (line 1054) \labelenumii: See 8.7. (line 1054) \labelenumiii: See 8.7. (line 1054) \labelenumiv: See 8.7. (line 1054) -\labelitemi: See 8.13. (line 1249) -\labelitemii: See 8.13. (line 1249) -\labelitemiii: See 8.13. (line 1249) -\labelitemiv: See 8.13. (line 1249) -\labelsep: See 8.13. (line 1272) -\labelwidth: See 8.13. (line 1275) -\lambda: See 16.2. (line 3092) -\Lambda: See 16.2. (line 3089) -\land: See 16.2. (line 3095) -\langle: See 16.2. (line 3098) +\labelitemi: See 8.13. (line 1264) +\labelitemii: See 8.13. (line 1264) +\labelitemiii: See 8.13. (line 1264) +\labelitemiv: See 8.13. (line 1264) +\labelsep: See 8.13. (line 1287) +\labelwidth: See 8.13. (line 1290) +\lambda: See 16.2. (line 3105) +\Lambda: See 16.2. (line 3102) +\land: See 16.2. (line 3108) +\langle: See 16.2. (line 3111) \LARGE: See 4.2. (line 537) \Large: See 4.2. (line 537) \large: See 4.2. (line 537) -\LaTeX: See 21.2. (line 4234) -\lbrace: See 16.2. (line 3101) -\lbrack: See 16.2. (line 3104) -\lceil: See 16.2. (line 3107) -\ldots: See 21.2. (line 4237) -\le: See 16.2. (line 3110) -\leadsto: See 16.2. (line 3113) -\left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: See 16.6. (line 3693) -\leftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3118) -\Leftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3115) +\LaTeX: See 21.2. (line 4250) +\lbrace: See 16.2. (line 3114) +\lbrack: See 16.2. (line 3117) +\lceil: See 16.2. (line 3120) +\ldots: See 21.2. (line 4253) +\le: See 16.2. (line 3123) +\leadsto: See 16.2. (line 3126) +\left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: See 16.6. (line 3709) +\leftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3131) +\Leftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3128) \lefteqn: See 8.8. (line 1084) -\leftharpoondown: See 16.2. (line 3121) -\leftharpoonup: See 16.2. (line 3124) -\leftmargin: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftmargini: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftmarginii: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftmarginiii: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftmarginiv: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftmarginv: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftmarginvi: See 8.13. (line 1256) -\leftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3130) -\Leftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3127) -\leq: See 16.2. (line 3133) -\lfloor: See 16.2. (line 3136) -\lg: See 16.3. (line 3559) -\lhd: See 16.2. (line 3139) -\lim: See 16.3. (line 3562) -\liminf: See 16.3. (line 3565) -\limsup: See 16.3. (line 3568) -\line: See 8.18.6. (line 1542) -\linebreak: See 13.8. (line 2662) -\linethickness: See 8.18.7. (line 1557) +\leftharpoondown: See 16.2. (line 3134) +\leftharpoonup: See 16.2. (line 3137) +\leftmargin: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftmargini: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftmarginii: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftmarginiii: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftmarginiv: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftmarginv: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftmarginvi: See 8.13. (line 1271) +\leftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3143) +\Leftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3140) +\leq: See 16.2. (line 3146) +\lfloor: See 16.2. (line 3149) +\lg: See 16.3. (line 3572) +\lhd: See 16.2. (line 3152) +\lim: See 16.3. (line 3575) +\liminf: See 16.3. (line 3578) +\limsup: See 16.3. (line 3581) +\line: See 8.18.6. (line 1557) +\linebreak: See 13.8. (line 2675) +\linethickness: See 8.18.7. (line 1572) \linewidth: See 5.5. (line 721) -\listoffigures: See 23.1. (line 4457) -\listoftables: See 23.1. (line 4457) -\listparindent: See 8.13. (line 1278) -\ll: See 16.2. (line 3142) -\ln: See 16.3. (line 3571) -\lnot: See 16.2. (line 3145) -\location: See 24.5. (line 4625) -\log: See 16.3. (line 3574) -\longleftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3148) -\longleftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3151) -\longmapsto: See 16.2. (line 3154) -\longrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3157) -\lor: See 16.2. (line 3160) -\lq: See 21.2. (line 4241) -\makebox: See 20.4. (line 4063) -\makebox (picture): See 8.18.2. (line 1481) -\makeglossary: See 23.2. (line 4513) -\makeindex: See 23.3. (line 4528) -\makelabels: See 24.6. (line 4633) -\maketitle: See 18.1. (line 3773) -\mapsto: See 16.2. (line 3163) -\marginpar: See 15.4. (line 2771) -\marginparpush: See 15.4. (line 2800) -\marginparsep: See 15.4. (line 2804) -\marginparwidth: See 15.4. (line 2808) -\markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: See 18.3. (line 3848) -\markright{RIGHT}: See 18.3. (line 3855) +\listoffigures: See 23.1. (line 4470) +\listoftables: See 23.1. (line 4470) +\listparindent: See 8.13. (line 1293) +\ll: See 16.2. (line 3155) +\ln: See 16.3. (line 3584) +\lnot: See 16.2. (line 3158) +\location: See 24.5. (line 4660) +\log: See 16.3. (line 3587) +\longleftarrow: See 16.2. (line 3161) +\longleftrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3164) +\longmapsto: See 16.2. (line 3167) +\longrightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3170) +\lor: See 16.2. (line 3173) +\lq: See 21.2. (line 4257) +\makebox: See 20.4. (line 4079) +\makebox (picture): See 8.18.2. (line 1491) +\makeglossary: See 23.2. (line 4526) +\makeindex: See 23.3. (line 4541) +\makelabels: See 24.6. (line 4668) +\maketitle: See 18.1. (line 3789) +\mapsto: See 16.2. (line 3176) +\marginpar: See 15.4. (line 2784) +\marginparpush: See 15.4. (line 2813) +\marginparsep: See 15.4. (line 2817) +\marginparwidth: See 15.4. (line 2821) +\markboth{LEFT}{RIGHT}: See 18.3. (line 3864) +\markright{RIGHT}: See 18.3. (line 3871) \mathbf: See 4.1. (line 474) \mathcal: See 4.1. (line 490) \mathnormal: See 4.1. (line 487) @@ -5593,213 +5636,214 @@ $: See 16. (line 2838) \mathsf: See 4.1. (line 477) \mathtt: See 4.1. (line 480) \mathversion: See 4.1. (line 492) -\max: See 16.3. (line 3577) -\mbox: See 20.1. (line 4025) +\max: See 16.3. (line 3590) +\mbox: See 20.1. (line 4041) \mdseries: See 4.1. (line 447) -\medskip: See 19.10. (line 3985) -\medskipamount: See 19.10. (line 3985) -\mho: See 16.2. (line 3166) -\mid: See 16.2. (line 3168) -\min: See 16.3. (line 3580) -\models: See 16.2. (line 3171) -\month: See 11.8. (line 2507) -\mp: See 16.2. (line 3174) -\mu: See 16.2. (line 3177) -\multicolumn: See 8.23.1. (line 1921) -\multiput: See 8.18.10. (line 1581) -\nabla: See 16.2. (line 3180) -\name: See 24.7. (line 4641) -\natural: See 16.2. (line 3183) -\ne: See 16.2. (line 3186) -\nearrow: See 16.2. (line 3189) -\neg: See 16.2. (line 3192) -\neq: See 16.2. (line 3195) -\newcommand: See 10.1. (line 2231) -\newcounter: See 10.2. (line 2264) -\newenvironment: See 10.5. (line 2304) -\newfont: See 10.7. (line 2369) -\newlength: See 10.3. (line 2279) -\NEWLINE: See 19.3. (line 3904) -\newline: See 13.3. (line 2609) -\newpage: See 14.3. (line 2700) -\newsavebox: See 10.4. (line 2294) -\newtheorem: See 10.6. (line 2340) -\ni: See 16.2. (line 3198) -\nocite: See 8.24.3. (line 2027) -\nofiles: See 23.1. (line 4461) -\noindent: See 15.2. (line 2758) -\nolinebreak: See 13.8. (line 2662) +\medskip: See 19.10. (line 4001) +\medskipamount: See 19.10. (line 4001) +\mho: See 16.2. (line 3179) +\mid: See 16.2. (line 3181) +\min: See 16.3. (line 3593) +\models: See 16.2. (line 3184) +\month: See 11.8. (line 2520) +\mp: See 16.2. (line 3187) +\mu: See 16.2. (line 3190) +\multicolumn: See 8.23.1. (line 1934) +\multiput: See 8.18.10. (line 1596) +\nabla: See 16.2. (line 3193) +\name: See 24.7. (line 4676) +\natural: See 16.2. (line 3196) +\ne: See 16.2. (line 3199) +\nearrow: See 16.2. (line 3202) +\neg: See 16.2. (line 3205) +\neq: See 16.2. (line 3208) +\newcommand: See 10.1. (line 2244) +\newcounter: See 10.2. (line 2277) +\newenvironment: See 10.5. (line 2317) +\newfont: See 10.7. (line 2382) +\newlength: See 10.3. (line 2292) +\NEWLINE: See 19.3. (line 3920) +\newline: See 13.3. (line 2622) +\newpage: See 14.3. (line 2713) +\newsavebox: See 10.4. (line 2307) +\newtheorem: See 10.6. (line 2353) +\ni: See 16.2. (line 3211) +\nocite: See 8.24.3. (line 2040) +\nofiles: See 23.1. (line 4474) +\noindent: See 15.2. (line 2771) +\nolinebreak: See 13.8. (line 2675) \nonumber: See 8.8. (line 1079) -\nopagebreak: See 14.5. (line 2721) +\nopagebreak: See 14.5. (line 2734) \normalfont: See 4.1. (line 468) -\normalmarginpar: See 15.4. (line 2788) +\normalmarginpar: See 15.4. (line 2801) \normalsize: See 4.2. (line 537) -\not: See 16.2. (line 3201) -\notin: See 16.2. (line 3204) -\nu: See 16.2. (line 3207) -\nwarrow: See 16.2. (line 3210) -\O (/O): See 21.4. (line 4345) -\o (/o): See 21.4. (line 4345) -\obeycr: See 13.2. (line 2600) +\not: See 16.2. (line 3214) +\notin: See 16.2. (line 3217) +\nu: See 16.2. (line 3220) +\nwarrow: See 16.2. (line 3223) +\O (/O): See 21.4. (line 4358) +\o (/o): See 21.4. (line 4358) +\obeycr: See 13.2. (line 2613) \oddsidemargin: See 3.1. (line 385) -\odot: See 16.2. (line 3213) -\OE (OE): See 21.4. (line 4349) -\oe (oe): See 21.4. (line 4349) -\oint: See 16.2. (line 3216) -\omega: See 16.2. (line 3222) -\Omega: See 16.2. (line 3219) -\ominus: See 16.2. (line 3225) +\odot: See 16.2. (line 3226) +\OE (OE): See 21.4. (line 4362) +\oe (oe): See 21.4. (line 4362) +\oint: See 16.2. (line 3229) +\omega: See 16.2. (line 3235) +\Omega: See 16.2. (line 3232) +\ominus: See 16.2. (line 3238) \onecolumn: See 5.1. (line 639) -\opening: See 24.8. (line 4649) -\oplus: See 16.2. (line 3228) -\oslash: See 16.2. (line 3231) -\otimes: See 16.2. (line 3234) -\oval: See 8.18.11. (line 1591) -\overbrace{TEXT}: See 16.6. (line 3698) -\overline{TEXT}: See 16.6. (line 3702) -\owns: See 16.2. (line 3237) -\P: See 21.2. (line 4244) -\pagebreak: See 14.5. (line 2721) -\pagenumbering: See 18.2. (line 3800) +\opening: See 24.8. (line 4684) +\oplus: See 16.2. (line 3241) +\oslash: See 16.2. (line 3244) +\otimes: See 16.2. (line 3247) +\oval: See 8.18.11. (line 1606) +\overbrace{TEXT}: See 16.6. (line 3714) +\overline{TEXT}: See 16.6. (line 3718) +\owns: See 16.2. (line 3250) +\P: See 21.2. (line 4260) +\pagebreak: See 14.5. (line 2734) +\pagenumbering: See 18.2. (line 3816) \pageref: See 7.2. (line 849) -\pagestyle: See 18.3. (line 3824) +\pagestyle: See 18.3. (line 3840) \paragraph: See 6. (line 769) -\parallel: See 16.2. (line 3240) -\parbox: See 20.5. (line 4091) -\parindent <1>: See 15.1. (line 2747) -\parindent: See 8.17. (line 1387) -\parsep: See 8.13. (line 1297) -\parskip: See 15.3. (line 2765) -\parskip example: See 8.13. (line 1320) +\parallel: See 16.2. (line 3253) +\parbox: See 20.5. (line 4107) +\parindent <1>: See 15.1. (line 2760) +\parindent: See 8.17. (line 1395) +\parsep: See 8.13. (line 1312) +\parskip: See 15.3. (line 2778) +\parskip example: See 8.13. (line 1329) \part: See 6. (line 758) -\partial: See 16.2. (line 3243) -\partopsep: See 8.13. (line 1307) -\perp: See 16.2. (line 3246) -\phi: See 16.2. (line 3249) -\pi: See 16.2. (line 3255) -\Pi: See 16.2. (line 3252) -\pm: See 16.2. (line 3258) -\pmod: See 16.3. (line 3583) -\poptabs: See 8.21. (line 1753) -\pounds: See 21.2. (line 4247) -\Pr: See 16.3. (line 3586) -\prec: See 16.2. (line 3261) -\preceq: See 16.2. (line 3264) -\prime: See 16.2. (line 3267) -\prod: See 16.2. (line 3270) -\propto: See 16.2. (line 3273) -\protect: See 10.8. (line 2383) -\ps: See 24.9. (line 4662) -\psi: See 16.2. (line 3279) -\Psi: See 16.2. (line 3276) -\pushtabs: See 8.21. (line 1756) -\put: See 8.18.12. (line 1618) +\partial: See 16.2. (line 3256) +\partopsep: See 8.13. (line 1322) +\perp: See 16.2. (line 3259) +\phi: See 16.2. (line 3262) +\pi: See 16.2. (line 3268) +\Pi: See 16.2. (line 3265) +\pm: See 16.2. (line 3271) +\pmod: See 16.3. (line 3596) +\poptabs: See 8.21. (line 1768) +\pounds: See 21.2. (line 4263) +\Pr: See 16.3. (line 3599) +\prec: See 16.2. (line 3274) +\preceq: See 16.2. (line 3277) +\prime: See 16.2. (line 3280) +\prod: See 16.2. (line 3283) +\propto: See 16.2. (line 3286) +\protect: See 10.8. (line 2396) +\ps: See 24.9. (line 4697) +\psi: See 16.2. (line 3292) +\Psi: See 16.2. (line 3289) +\pushtabs: See 8.21. (line 1771) +\put: See 8.18.12. (line 1633) \raggedbottom: See 5.4. (line 700) -\raggedleft: See 8.12.1. (line 1210) -\raggedright: See 8.11.1. (line 1184) -\raisebox: See 20.6. (line 4135) -\rangle: See 16.2. (line 3282) -\rbrace: See 16.2. (line 3285) -\rbrack: See 16.2. (line 3288) -\rceil: See 16.2. (line 3291) -\Re: See 16.2. (line 3294) +\raggedleft: See 8.12.1. (line 1225) +\raggedright: See 8.11.1. (line 1199) +\raisebox: See 20.6. (line 4151) +\rangle: See 16.2. (line 3295) +\rbrace: See 16.2. (line 3298) +\rbrack: See 16.2. (line 3301) +\rceil: See 16.2. (line 3304) +\Re: See 16.2. (line 3307) \ref: See 7.3. (line 859) -\refstepcounter: See 11.6. (line 2494) -\renewenvironment: See 10.5. (line 2304) -\restorecr: See 13.2. (line 2600) -\reversemarginpar: See 15.4. (line 2788) -\rfloor: See 16.2. (line 3297) -\rhd: See 16.2. (line 3300) -\rho: See 16.2. (line 3303) -\right: See 16.6. (line 3694) -\rightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3309) -\Rightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3306) -\rightharpoondown: See 16.2. (line 3312) -\rightharpoonup: See 16.2. (line 3315) -\rightleftharpoons: See 16.2. (line 3318) -\rightmargin: See 8.13. (line 1282) +\refstepcounter: See 11.6. (line 2507) +\renewenvironment: See 10.5. (line 2317) +\restorecr: See 13.2. (line 2613) +\reversemarginpar: See 15.4. (line 2801) +\rfloor: See 16.2. (line 3310) +\rhd: See 16.2. (line 3313) +\rho: See 16.2. (line 3316) +\right: See 16.6. (line 3710) +\rightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3322) +\Rightarrow: See 16.2. (line 3319) +\rightharpoondown: See 16.2. (line 3325) +\rightharpoonup: See 16.2. (line 3328) +\rightleftharpoons: See 16.2. (line 3331) +\rightmargin: See 8.13. (line 1297) \rm: See 4.1. (line 513) \rmfamily: See 4.1. (line 438) -\roman: See 11.1. (line 2433) -\rq: See 21.2. (line 4250) -\rule: See 21.5. (line 4358) -\S: See 21.2. (line 4253) -\savebox: See 20.7. (line 4151) -\sbox: See 20.8. (line 4163) +\roman: See 11.1. (line 2446) +\rq: See 21.2. (line 4266) +\rule: See 21.5. (line 4371) +\S: See 21.2. (line 4269) +\savebox: See 20.7. (line 4167) +\sbox: See 20.8. (line 4179) \sc: See 4.1. (line 516) \scriptsize: See 4.2. (line 537) \scshape: See 4.1. (line 462) -\searrow: See 16.2. (line 3321) -\sec: See 16.3. (line 3589) +\searrow: See 16.2. (line 3334) +\sec: See 16.3. (line 3602) \section: See 6. (line 763) +\seename: See 23.3. (line 4555) \selectfont: See 4.3. (line 623) -\setcounter: See 11.4. (line 2478) -\setlength: See 12.1. (line 2524) -\setminus: See 16.2. (line 3324) -\settodepth: See 12.3. (line 2537) -\settoheight: See 12.4. (line 2545) -\settowidth: See 12.5. (line 2553) +\setcounter: See 11.4. (line 2491) +\setlength: See 12.1. (line 2537) +\setminus: See 16.2. (line 3337) +\settodepth: See 12.3. (line 2550) +\settoheight: See 12.4. (line 2558) +\settowidth: See 12.5. (line 2566) \sf: See 4.1. (line 519) \sffamily: See 4.1. (line 459) -\sharp: See 16.2. (line 3327) -\shortstack: See 8.18.13. (line 1626) -\sigma: See 16.2. (line 3333) -\Sigma: See 16.2. (line 3330) -\signature: See 24.10. (line 4668) -\sim: See 16.2. (line 3336) -\simeq: See 16.2. (line 3339) -\sin: See 16.3. (line 3592) -\sinh: See 16.3. (line 3595) +\sharp: See 16.2. (line 3340) +\shortstack: See 8.18.13. (line 1641) +\sigma: See 16.2. (line 3346) +\Sigma: See 16.2. (line 3343) +\signature: See 24.10. (line 4703) +\sim: See 16.2. (line 3349) +\simeq: See 16.2. (line 3352) +\sin: See 16.3. (line 3605) +\sinh: See 16.3. (line 3608) \sl: See 4.1. (line 522) \slshape: See 4.1. (line 456) \small: See 4.2. (line 537) -\smallint: See 16.2. (line 3342) -\smallskip: See 19.10. (line 3989) -\smallskipamount: See 19.10. (line 3989) -\smile: See 16.2. (line 3345) -\SPACE: See 19.3. (line 3904) -\spadesuit: See 16.2. (line 3348) -\sqcap: See 16.2. (line 3351) -\sqcup: See 16.2. (line 3354) -\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: See 16.6. (line 3705) -\sqsubset: See 16.2. (line 3357) -\sqsubseteq: See 16.2. (line 3360) -\sqsupset: See 16.2. (line 3363) -\sqsupseteq: See 16.2. (line 3366) -\ss (ss): See 21.4. (line 4352) -\stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: See 16.6. (line 3711) -\star: See 16.2. (line 3369) -\startbreaks: See 24.11. (line 4674) -\stepcounter: See 11.7. (line 2501) -\stop: See 26. (line 4738) -\stopbreaks: See 24.12. (line 4681) +\smallint: See 16.2. (line 3355) +\smallskip: See 19.10. (line 4005) +\smallskipamount: See 19.10. (line 4005) +\smile: See 16.2. (line 3358) +\SPACE: See 19.3. (line 3920) +\spadesuit: See 16.2. (line 3361) +\sqcap: See 16.2. (line 3364) +\sqcup: See 16.2. (line 3367) +\sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: See 16.6. (line 3721) +\sqsubset: See 16.2. (line 3370) +\sqsubseteq: See 16.2. (line 3373) +\sqsupset: See 16.2. (line 3376) +\sqsupseteq: See 16.2. (line 3379) +\ss (ss): See 21.4. (line 4365) +\stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: See 16.6. (line 3727) +\star: See 16.2. (line 3382) +\startbreaks: See 24.11. (line 4709) +\stepcounter: See 11.7. (line 2514) +\stop: See 26. (line 4773) +\stopbreaks: See 24.12. (line 4716) \subparagraph: See 6. (line 771) \subsection: See 6. (line 765) -\subset: See 16.2. (line 3372) -\subseteq: See 16.2. (line 3375) +\subset: See 16.2. (line 3385) +\subseteq: See 16.2. (line 3388) \subsubsection: See 6. (line 767) -\succ: See 16.2. (line 3378) -\succeq: See 16.2. (line 3381) -\sum: See 16.2. (line 3384) -\sup: See 16.3. (line 3598) -\supset: See 16.2. (line 3387) -\supseteq: See 16.2. (line 3390) -\surd: See 16.2. (line 3393) -\swarrow: See 16.2. (line 3396) -\symbol: See 21.1. (line 4210) -\t (tie-after accent): See 21.3. (line 4316) -\TAB: See 19.3. (line 3904) -\tabbingsep: See 8.21. (line 1761) -\tabcolsep: See 8.23. (line 1912) -\tableofcontents: See 23.1. (line 4447) -\tan: See 16.3. (line 3601) -\tanh: See 16.3. (line 3604) -\tau: See 16.2. (line 3399) -\telephone: See 24.13. (line 4688) -\TeX: See 21.2. (line 4256) +\succ: See 16.2. (line 3391) +\succeq: See 16.2. (line 3394) +\sum: See 16.2. (line 3397) +\sup: See 16.3. (line 3611) +\supset: See 16.2. (line 3400) +\supseteq: See 16.2. (line 3403) +\surd: See 16.2. (line 3406) +\swarrow: See 16.2. (line 3409) +\symbol: See 21.1. (line 4226) +\t (tie-after accent): See 21.3. (line 4329) +\TAB: See 19.3. (line 3920) +\tabbingsep: See 8.21. (line 1776) +\tabcolsep: See 8.23. (line 1925) +\tableofcontents: See 23.1. (line 4460) +\tan: See 16.3. (line 3614) +\tanh: See 16.3. (line 3617) +\tau: See 16.2. (line 3412) +\telephone: See 24.13. (line 4723) +\TeX: See 21.2. (line 4272) \textbf: See 4.1. (line 450) -\textfloatsep: See 8.10. (line 1154) -\textfraction: See 8.10. (line 1158) +\textfloatsep: See 8.10. (line 1169) +\textfraction: See 8.10. (line 1173) \textheight: See 5.5. (line 727) \textit: See 4.1. (line 441) \textmd: See 4.1. (line 447) @@ -5811,86 +5855,86 @@ $: See 16. (line 2838) \texttt: See 4.1. (line 465) \textup: See 4.1. (line 453) \textwidth: See 5.5. (line 734) -\thanks{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3788) -\theta: See 16.2. (line 3402) -\thicklines: See 8.18.8. (line 1567) -\thinlines: See 8.18.9. (line 1574) -\thinspace: See 19.5. (line 3929) -\thispagestyle: See 18.4. (line 3862) -\tilde: See 16.4. (line 3642) -\times: See 16.2. (line 3405) +\thanks{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3804) +\theta: See 16.2. (line 3415) +\thicklines: See 8.18.8. (line 1582) +\thinlines: See 8.18.9. (line 1589) +\thinspace: See 19.5. (line 3945) +\thispagestyle: See 18.4. (line 3878) +\tilde: See 16.4. (line 3658) +\times: See 16.2. (line 3418) \tiny: See 4.2. (line 537) -\title{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3792) -\to: See 16.2. (line 3408) -\today: See 21.6. (line 4377) -\top: See 16.2. (line 3411) -\topfraction: See 8.10. (line 1163) +\title{TEXT}: See 18.1. (line 3808) +\to: See 16.2. (line 3421) +\today: See 21.6. (line 4390) +\top: See 16.2. (line 3424) +\topfraction: See 8.10. (line 1178) \topmargin: See 5.5. (line 740) -\topsep: See 8.13. (line 1301) +\topsep: See 8.13. (line 1316) \topskip: See 5.5. (line 747) -\totalheight: See 12.6. (line 2565) -\triangle: See 16.2. (line 3414) -\triangleleft: See 16.2. (line 3417) -\triangleright: See 16.2. (line 3420) +\totalheight: See 12.6. (line 2578) +\triangle: See 16.2. (line 3427) +\triangleleft: See 16.2. (line 3430) +\triangleright: See 16.2. (line 3433) \tt: See 4.1. (line 525) \ttfamily: See 4.1. (line 465) \twocolumn: See 5.2. (line 645) -\typein: See 25.1. (line 4699) -\typeout: See 25.2. (line 4713) -\u (breve accent): See 21.3. (line 4319) -\unboldmath: See 16. (line 2843) -\underbrace{math}: See 16.6. (line 3715) -\underline{text}: See 16.6. (line 3718) -\unitlength: See 8.18. (line 1408) -\unlhd: See 16.2. (line 3423) -\unrhd: See 16.2. (line 3426) -\uparrow: See 16.2. (line 3432) -\Uparrow: See 16.2. (line 3429) -\updownarrow: See 16.2. (line 3438) -\Updownarrow: See 16.2. (line 3435) -\uplus: See 16.2. (line 3441) +\typein: See 25.1. (line 4734) +\typeout: See 25.2. (line 4748) +\u (breve accent): See 21.3. (line 4332) +\unboldmath: See 16. (line 2856) +\underbrace{math}: See 16.6. (line 3731) +\underline{text}: See 16.6. (line 3734) +\unitlength: See 8.18. (line 1416) +\unlhd: See 16.2. (line 3436) +\unrhd: See 16.2. (line 3439) +\uparrow: See 16.2. (line 3445) +\Uparrow: See 16.2. (line 3442) +\updownarrow: See 16.2. (line 3451) +\Updownarrow: See 16.2. (line 3448) +\uplus: See 16.2. (line 3454) \upshape: See 4.1. (line 453) -\upsilon: See 16.2. (line 3447) -\Upsilon: See 16.2. (line 3444) -\usebox: See 20.9. (line 4175) -\usecounter: See 11.2. (line 2453) +\upsilon: See 16.2. (line 3460) +\Upsilon: See 16.2. (line 3457) +\usebox: See 20.9. (line 4191) +\usecounter: See 11.2. (line 2466) \usefont: See 4.3. (line 627) \usepackage: See 3.1. (line 404) -\v (breve accent): See 21.3. (line 4322) -\value: See 11.3. (line 2464) -\varepsilon: See 16.2. (line 3450) -\varphi: See 16.2. (line 3453) -\varpi: See 16.2. (line 3456) -\varrho: See 16.2. (line 3459) -\varsigma: See 16.2. (line 3462) -\vartheta: See 16.2. (line 3465) -\vdash: See 16.2. (line 3468) -\vdots: See 16.6. (line 3722) -\vec: See 16.4. (line 3645) -\vector: See 8.18.14. (line 1647) -\vee: See 16.2. (line 3471) -\verb: See 8.27.1. (line 2122) -\vert: See 16.2. (line 3477) -\Vert: See 16.2. (line 3474) -\vfill: See 19.11. (line 3998) -\vline: See 8.23.4. (line 1962) -\vspace: See 19.12. (line 4005) -\wedge: See 16.2. (line 3480) -\widehat: See 16.4. (line 3648) -\width: See 12.6. (line 2559) -\wp: See 16.2. (line 3483) -\wr: See 16.2. (line 3486) -\xi: See 16.2. (line 3492) -\Xi: See 16.2. (line 3489) -\year: See 11.8. (line 2507) -\zeta: See 16.2. (line 3495) -\{: See 21.1. (line 4196) -\|: See 16.2. (line 2870) -\}: See 21.1. (line 4196) -\~: See 21.1. (line 4206) -\~ (tilde accent): See 21.3. (line 4291) -^: See 16.1. (line 2856) -_: See 16.1. (line 2856) +\v (breve accent): See 21.3. (line 4335) +\value: See 11.3. (line 2477) +\varepsilon: See 16.2. (line 3463) +\varphi: See 16.2. (line 3466) +\varpi: See 16.2. (line 3469) +\varrho: See 16.2. (line 3472) +\varsigma: See 16.2. (line 3475) +\vartheta: See 16.2. (line 3478) +\vdash: See 16.2. (line 3481) +\vdots: See 16.6. (line 3738) +\vec: See 16.4. (line 3661) +\vector: See 8.18.14. (line 1662) +\vee: See 16.2. (line 3484) +\verb: See 8.27.1. (line 2135) +\vert: See 16.2. (line 3490) +\Vert: See 16.2. (line 3487) +\vfill: See 19.11. (line 4014) +\vline: See 8.23.4. (line 1975) +\vspace: See 19.12. (line 4021) +\wedge: See 16.2. (line 3493) +\widehat: See 16.4. (line 3664) +\width: See 12.6. (line 2572) +\wp: See 16.2. (line 3496) +\wr: See 16.2. (line 3499) +\xi: See 16.2. (line 3505) +\Xi: See 16.2. (line 3502) +\year: See 11.8. (line 2520) +\zeta: See 16.2. (line 3508) +\{: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\|: See 16.2. (line 2883) +\}: See 21.1. (line 4212) +\~: See 21.1. (line 4222) +\~ (tilde accent): See 21.3. (line 4307) +^: See 16.1. (line 2869) +_: See 16.1. (line 2869) a4paper option: See 3.1. (line 349) a5paper option: See 3.1. (line 349) abstract environment: See 8.1. (line 881) @@ -5900,52 +5944,54 @@ b5paper option: See 3.1. (line 349) book class: See 3. (line 326) center environment: See 8.3. (line 939) description environment: See 8.4. (line 976) -displaymath environment <1>: See 16. (line 2818) +displaymath environment <1>: See 16. (line 2831) displaymath environment: See 8.5. (line 999) document environment: See 8.6. (line 1018) draft option: See 3.1. (line 354) enumerate environment: See 8.7. (line 1024) eqnarray environment: See 8.8. (line 1065) -equation environment <1>: See 16. (line 2818) +equation environment <1>: See 16. (line 2831) equation environment: See 8.9. (line 1091) executivepaper option: See 3.1. (line 349) figure: See 8.10. (line 1104) final option: See 3.1. (line 354) fleqn option: See 3.1. (line 354) -flushleft environment: See 8.11. (line 1171) -flushright environment: See 8.12. (line 1197) -itemize environment: See 8.13. (line 1223) +flushleft environment: See 8.11. (line 1186) +flushright environment: See 8.12. (line 1212) +indexspace: See 23.3. (line 4568) +itemize environment: See 8.13. (line 1238) landscape option: See 3.1. (line 354) legalpaper option: See 3.1. (line 349) leqno option: See 3.1. (line 354) -letter: See 8.14. (line 1336) +letter: See 8.14. (line 1345) letter class: See 3. (line 326) letterpaper option: See 3.1. (line 349) -list: See 8.15. (line 1341) -lR box: See 8.18. (line 1460) -lrbox: See 20.3. (line 4053) -math environment <1>: See 16. (line 2818) -math environment: See 8.16. (line 1363) -minipage environment: See 8.17. (line 1375) +list: See 8.15. (line 1350) +lR box: See 8.18. (line 1470) +lrbox: See 20.3. (line 4069) +math environment <1>: See 16. (line 2831) +math environment: See 8.16. (line 1372) +minipage environment: See 8.17. (line 1384) notitlepage option: See 3.1. (line 354) onecolumn option: See 3.1. (line 379) oneside option: See 3.1. (line 379) openany option: See 3.1. (line 379) openbib option: See 3.1. (line 354) openright option: See 3.1. (line 379) -picture: See 8.18. (line 1404) -quotation: See 8.19. (line 1658) -quote: See 8.20. (line 1673) +picture: See 8.18. (line 1412) +printindex: See 23.3. (line 4564) +quotation: See 8.19. (line 1673) +quote: See 8.20. (line 1688) report class: See 3. (line 326) slides class: See 3. (line 326) -tabbing environment: See 8.21. (line 1688) -table: See 8.22. (line 1780) -tabular environment: See 8.23. (line 1816) -thebibliography: See 8.24. (line 1970) -theorem environment: See 8.25. (line 2075) -titlepage environment: See 8.26. (line 2088) +tabbing environment: See 8.21. (line 1703) +table: See 8.22. (line 1795) +tabular environment: See 8.23. (line 1822) +thebibliography: See 8.24. (line 1983) +theorem environment: See 8.25. (line 2088) +titlepage environment: See 8.26. (line 2101) titlepage option: See 3.1. (line 354) twocolumn option: See 3.1. (line 379) twoside option: See 3.1. (line 379) -verbatim environment: See 8.27. (line 2105) -verse environment: See 8.28. (line 2139) +verbatim environment: See 8.27. (line 2118) +verse environment: See 8.28. (line 2152) diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml index 2ff958c3e60..14221cde150 100644 --- a/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml +++ b/Master/texmf-dist/doc/latex/latex2e-help-texinfo/latex2e.xml @@ -1,17 +1,20 @@ - + latex2e.xml - June 2008 - 2.0 - &latex;2e reference manual 2.0 + September 2009 + &latex;2e reference manual (September 2009) - - - This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system. &latex; is a macro package for &tex;. + + + + + + + This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of September 2009. This was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The &latex; 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The &latex;2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using Hypertext Help with &latex;, by Sheldon Green, and the &latex; Command Summary (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as &tex;niques number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). - Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. + Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @@ -19,11 +22,11 @@ &latex;: Structured documents for &tex; unofficial &latex; reference manual - version 2.0, June 2008 + September 2009 - This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system. &latex; is a macro package for &tex;. + This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of September 2009. This was originally translated from LATEX.HLP v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. Greenwade of Sam Houston State University. The &latex; 2.09 version was written by Stephen Gilmore. The &latex;2e version was adapted from this by Torsten Martinsen. Karl Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using Hypertext Help with &latex;, by Sheldon Green, and the &latex; Command Summary (for &latex; 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the &tex; Users Group as &tex;niques number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). - Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. + Copyright ©right; 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore.&linebreak; Copyright ©right; 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions. @@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ (dir) &latex;2e - This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years. + This document is an unofficial reference manual for &latex;, a document preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is intended to cover &latex;2e, which has been the standard version of &latex; for many years. Knuth, Donald E.Lamport, Leslie&latex; Project team&latex; is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's &tex; typesetting program. &latex; was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers (http://latex-project.org). The official documentation written by the &latex; project is available there. Again, the present document is unofficial and has not been reviewed by the &latex; maintainers. @@ -1446,27 +1449,40 @@ second line \\
    <code>figure</code> figureinserting figuresfigures, inserting - \begin{figure}[placement] + \begin{figure[*]}[placement] figbody \label{label} \caption[loftitle]{text} \end{figure} Figures are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are instead “floated” to a convenient place, such as the top of a page. Figures will not be split between two pages. + When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a full-width figure (across both columns). The optional argument [placement] determines where &latex; will try to place your figure. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put a float: - - - h (Here) - at the position in the text where the figure environment appears. - - - t (Top) - at the top of a text page. - - - b (Bottom) - at the bottom of a text page. - - - p (Page of floats) - on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. - - + + + t + + (Top)—at the top of a text page. + + + + b + + (Bottom)—at the bottom of a text page. However, b is not allowed for full-width floats (figure*) with double-column output. To ameliorate this, use the stfloats or dblfloatfix package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ: http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat. + + + + hfloat package + + (Here)—at the position in the text where the figure environment appears. However, this is not allowed by itself, t is automatically added. To absolutely force a figure to appear “here”, use the float and use its H placement letter. (That package also provides other options.) + + + + p + + (Page of floats)—on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. + + +
    The standard report and article classes use the default placement tbp. The body of the figure is made up of whatever text, &latex; commands, etc. you wish. \captionThe \caption command specifies caption text for the figure. The caption is numbered by default. If loftitle is present, it is used in the list of figures instead of text (see Tables of contents). @@ -1593,13 +1609,13 @@ second line \\ By default, the marks at each level look like this: - + • (bullet) -- (bold en-dash) - * + * (asterisk) . (centered dot, rendered here as a period) @@ -1661,7 +1677,7 @@ second line \\ \topsep\topsep - Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. The default is 4pt plus2pt minus2pt for 10pt documents, 6pt plus2pt minus2pt for 11pt, and 9pt plus3pt minus5pt for 12pt. + Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. For top-level lists, the default is 8pt plus2pt minus4pt for 10pt documents, 9pt plus3pt minus5pt for 11pt, and 10pt plus4pt minus6pt for 12pt. These are reduced for nested lists. @@ -1670,12 +1686,6 @@ second line \\ Extra space added to \topsep when the list environment starts a paragraph. The default is 2pt plus1pt minus1pt for 10pt documents, 3pt plus1pt minus1pt for 11pt, and 3pt plus2pt minus2pt for 12pt. - - \topsep\topsep - - Extra vertical space added before an initial and after a final list item. Its value is changed with list level and font size changes; for instance, within a first-level list at 10pt, it is 4pt plus2pt minus2pt. - - \parskip exampleEspecially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide space between items. Here is an example defining an itemize* environment with no extra spacing between items, or between paragraphs within a single item (\parskip is not list-specific, see \parskip): \newenvironment{itemize*}% @@ -1735,12 +1745,12 @@ second line \\
    <code>minipage</code> minipage environmentminipage, creating a - \begin{minipage}[position]{width} + \begin{minipage}[position][height][inner-pos]{width} text \end{minipage} - The minipage environment typesets its body text in a block that will not be broken across pages (similar to the \parbox command, see \parbox). You may use other paragraph-making environments inside a minipage (unlike \parbox). + The minipage environment typesets its body text in a block that will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the \parbox command (see \parbox), but unlike \parbox, other paragraph-making environments can be used inside a minipage. - It takes an optional position argument for placing text, and a mandatory width argument for specifying the line width. + The arguments are the same as for \parbox (see \parbox). indentation of paragraphs, in minipageparagraph indentation, in minipage\parindentBy default, paragraphs are not indented in the minipage environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as \setlength{\parindent}{1pc} command. footnotes in figuresfigures, footnotes inFootnotes in a minipage environment are handled in a way that is particularly useful for putting footnotes in figures or tables. A \footnote or \footnotetext command puts the footnote at the bottom of the minipage instead of at the bottom of the page, and it uses the \mpfootnote counter instead of the ordinary footnote counter (see Counters). However, don't put one minipage inside another if you are using footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage. @@ -1761,8 +1771,8 @@ second line \\ A position is a pair of coordinates, such as (2.4,-5), specifying the point with x-coordinate 2.4 and y-coordinate -5. Coordinates are specified in the usual way with respect to an origin, which is normally at the lower-left corner of the picture. Note that when a position appears as an argument, it is not enclosed in braces; the parentheses serve to delimit the argument. The picture environment has one mandatory argument, which is a position. It specifies the size of the picture. The environment produces a rectangular box with width and height determined by this argument's x- and y-coordinates. The picture environment also has an optional position argument, following the size argument, that can change the origin. (Unlike ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if \unitlength has been set to 1mm, the command - \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) - produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. + \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) + produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument. The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture really is; &latex; will happily allow you to put things outside the picture, or even off the page. The picture's nominal size is used by &latex; in determining how much room to leave for it. Everything that appears in a picture is drawn by the \put command. The command \put (11.3,-.3){...} @@ -1865,21 +1875,32 @@ second line \\ \makebox (picture) \makebox(width,height)[position]{...} The \makebox command for the picture environment is similar to the normal \makebox command except that you must specify a width and height in multiples of \unitlength. The optional argument, [position], specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: - - - - t - Moves the item to the top of the rectangle - - - b - Moves the item to the bottom - - - l - Moves the item to the left - - - r - Moves the item to the right - - + + + t + + Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. + + + + b + + Moves the item to the bottom. + + + + l + + Moves the item to the left. + + + + r + + Moves the item to the right. + + +
    See \makebox. @@ -2224,22 +2245,7 @@ function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ \caption{table title} \end{table}
    Tables are objects that are not part of the normal text, and are usually “floated” to a convenient place, like the top of a page. Tables will not be split between two pages. - The optional argument [placement] determines where &latex; will try to place your table. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put a float: - - - - h: Here - at the position in the text where the table environment appears. - - - t: Top - at the top of a text page. - - - b: Bottom - at the bottom of a text page. - - - p: Page of floats - on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. - - + The optional argument [placement] determines where &latex; will try to place your table. There are four places where &latex; can possibly put a float; these are the same as that used with the figure environment, and described there (see figure). The standard report and article classes use the default placement [tbp]. The body of the table is made up of whatever text, &latex; commands, etc., you wish. The \caption command allows you to title your table.
    @@ -2275,56 +2281,81 @@ column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\ pos Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre of the environment. - - - - t - align on top row - - - b - align on bottom row - - + + + t + + align on top row + + + + b + + align on bottom row + + +
    cols Specifies the column formatting. It consists of a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. - - - - l - A column of left-aligned items. - - - r - A column of right-aligned items. - - - c - A column of centred items. - - - | - A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. - - - @{text} - This inserts text in every row. An @-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in text. An \extracolsep{wd} command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width wd to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another \extracolsep command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression. An \extracolsep command can be used only in an @-expression in the cols argument. - - - p{wd} - Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width wd, as if it were the argument of a \parbox[t]{wd} command. However, a \\ may not appear in the item, except in the following situations: - - - inside an environment like minipage, array, or tabular. - - - inside an explicit \parbox. - - - in the scope of a \centering, \raggedright, or \raggedleft declaration. The latter declarations must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a p-column element. - - - - - *{num}{cols} - Equivalent to num copies of cols, where num is any positive integer and cols is any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another *-expression. - - + + + l + + A column of left-aligned items. + + + + r + + A column of right-aligned items. + + + + + + A column of centred items. + + + + | + + A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. + + + + @{text} + + This inserts text in every row. An @-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent items must be included in text. An \extracolsep{wd} command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width wd to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another \extracolsep command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not suppressed by an @-expression. An \extracolsep command can be used only in an @-expression in the cols argument. + + + + p{wd} + + Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width wd, as if it were the argument of a \parbox[t]{wd} command. However, a \\ may not appear in the item, except in the following situations: + + + inside an environment like minipage, array, or tabular. + + + inside an explicit \parbox. + + + in the scope of a \centering, \raggedright, or \raggedleft declaration. The latter declarations must appear inside braces or an environment when used in a p-column element. + + + + + + *{num}{cols} + + Equivalent to num copies of cols, where num is a positive integer and cols is any list of column-specifiers, which may contain another *-expression. + + +
    @@ -2340,7 +2371,7 @@ column 1 entry & column 2 entry ... & column n entry \\ \arraystretch\arraystretch - Scaling of spacing between rows in the tabular and array environments; default is 1,for no scaling. + Scaling of spacing between rows in the tabular and array environments; default is 1, for no scaling. @@ -5191,6 +5222,12 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Math acute accent: \acutex. + + \bar\barbar-over accent, mathmacron accent, math + + Math bar-over accent: \barx. + + \breve\brevebreve accent, math @@ -6247,12 +6284,6 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_. - - \bar\bar (macron, bar-over accent)bar-over accentmacron accent - - Produces a macron accent over the following, as in o¯. - - \c\c (cedilla accent)cedilla accent @@ -6499,7 +6530,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Tables of contents table of contents, creating \tableofcontentsA table of contents is produced with the \tableofcontents command. You put the command right where you want the table of contents to go; &latex; does the rest for you. A previous run must have generated a .toc file. The \tableofcontents command produces a heading, but it does not automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of contents, write a \newpage command after the \tableofcontents command. - \listoffigures\listoftablesThe analagous commands \listoffigures and \listoftables produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. + \listoffigures\listoftablesThe analogous commands \listoffigures and \listoftables produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. \nofilesThe command \nofiles overrides these commands, and prevents any of these lists from being generated. @@ -6521,7 +6552,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Tables of contents \addcontentsline - \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text}table of contents entry, manually adding The \addcontentsline command adds an entry to the specified list or table where: + \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text}table of contents entry, manually adding The \addcontentsline{ext}{unit}{text} command adds an entry to the specified list or table where: ext @@ -6572,7 +6603,7 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Tables of contents \addtocontents - \addtocontents{ext}{text} The \addtocontents command adds text (or formatting commands) directly to the .ext file that generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables. + \addtocontents{ext}{text} The \addtocontents{ext}{text} command adds text (or formatting commands) directly to the .ext file that generates the table of contents or lists of figures or tables.
    ext @@ -6608,11 +6639,16 @@ double-asterix(**) double-dagger double-ddagger Front/back matter
    Indexes - indexes \makeindexThe command \makeindex enables creating indexes. - \index.idx fileThe command \index{text} writes a glossary entry for text to an auxiliary file with the .idx extension. + indexes \makeindexThe command \makeindex enables creating indexes. Put this in the preamble. + \index.idx fileThe command \index{text} writes an index entry for text to an auxiliary file with the .idx extension. \indexentrySpecifically, what gets written is the command \indexentry{text}{pageno}, where pageno is the current \thepage value. - The rubber length \indexspace is inserted before each new letter in the index; its default value is 10pt plus5pt minus3pt. - makeindex programxindy program.ind file The .idx file can then be sorted with an external command, typically makeindex or xindy, resulting in a .ind file, which can then be used to typeset the index. + `see' and `see also' index entriesTo generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a vertical bar: \index{bar|see{foo}}. Use seealso instead of see to make a `See also' entry. + \seename\alsonameThe text `See' is defined by the macro \seename, and `See also' by the macro \alsoname. These can be redefined for other languages. + makeindex programxindy program.ind fileThe generated .idx file is then sorted with an external command, usually either makeindex (http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex) or (the multi-lingual) xindy (http://xindy.sourceforge.net). This results in a .ind file, which can then be read to typeset the index. + printindexmakeidx packageThe index is usually generated with the \printindex command. This is defined in the makeidx package, so \usepackage{makeidx} needs to be in the preamble. + indexspaceThe rubber length \indexspace is inserted before each new letter in the printed index; its default value is 10pt plus5pt minus3pt. + showidx packageThe showidx package causes each index entries to be shown in the margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in preparing the index. + multind packageThe multind package supports multiple indexes. See also the &tex; FAQ entry on this topic, http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind.
    diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info index edc546d1656..4802f6726e1 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info @@ -1,9 +1,8 @@ -This is latex2e.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.12 from +This is latex2e.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from latex2e.texi. -This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an unofficial reference -manual for LaTeX, a document preparation system. LaTeX is a macro -package for TeX. +This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document +preparation system, version as of September 2009. This was originally translated from `LATEX.HLP' v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. @@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as `TeXniques' number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). - Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 Karl Berry. + Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. @@ -44,8 +43,8 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Up: (dir) LaTeX2e ******* -This document is version 2.0 (June 2008) of an unofficial reference -manual for LaTeX, a document preparation system. It is intended to +This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document +preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. @@ -1086,7 +1085,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: figure, Next: flushleft, Prev: equation, Up: Envir 8.10 `figure' ============= - \begin{figure}[PLACEMENT] + \begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT] FIGBODY \label{LABEL} \caption[LOFTITLE]{TEXT} @@ -1096,20 +1095,35 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: figure, Next: flushleft, Prev: equation, Up: Envir instead "floated" to a convenient place, such as the top of a page. Figures will not be split between two pages. + When typesetting in double-columns, the starred form produces a +full-width figure (across both columns). + The optional argument `[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try to place your figure. There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put a float: - 1. `h' (Here) - at the position in the text where the figure - environment appears. - - 2. `t' (Top) - at the top of a text page. - - 3. `b' (Bottom) - at the bottom of a text page. +`t' + (Top)--at the top of a text page. - 4. `p' (Page of floats) - on a separate float page, which is a page +`b' + (Bottom)--at the bottom of a text page. However, `b' is not + allowed for full-width floats (`figure*') with double-column + output. To ameliorate this, use the `stfloats' or `dblfloatfix' + package, but see the discussion at caveats in the FAQ: + `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=2colfloat'. + +`h' + (Here)--at the position in the text where the figure environment + appears. However, this is not allowed by itself, `t' is + automatically added. To absolutely force a figure to appear + "here", use the `float' and use its `H' placement letter. (That + package also provides other options.) + +`p' + (Page of floats)--on a separate float page, which is a page containing no text, only floats. + The standard report and article classes use the default placement `tbp'. @@ -1246,11 +1260,11 @@ There must be at least one `\item' command within the environment. By default, the marks at each level look like this: - 1. * + 1. * (bullet) 2. -- (bold en-dash) - 3. * + 3. * (asterisk) 4. . (centered dot, rendered here as a period) @@ -1308,9 +1322,9 @@ loose, by default). `\topsep' Vertical space between the first item and the preceding paragraph. - The default is `4pt plus2pt minus2pt' for `10pt' documents, `6pt - plus2pt minus2pt' for `11pt', and `9pt plus3pt minus5pt' for - `12pt'. + For top-level lists, the default is `8pt plus2pt minus4pt' for + `10pt' documents, `9pt plus3pt minus5pt' for `11pt', and `10pt + plus4pt minus6pt' for `12pt'. These are reduced for nested lists. `\partopsep' Extra space added to `\topsep' when the list environment starts a @@ -1318,12 +1332,6 @@ loose, by default). documents, `3pt plus1pt minus1pt' for `11pt', and `3pt plus2pt minus2pt' for `12pt'. -`\topsep' - Extra vertical space added before an initial and after a final list - item. Its value is changed with list level and font size changes; - for instance, within a first-level list at `10pt', it is `4pt - plus2pt minus2pt'. - Especially for lists with short items, it may be desirable to elide space between items. Here is an example defining an `itemize*' @@ -1392,17 +1400,16 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: minipage, Next: picture, Prev: math, Up: Environme 8.17 `minipage' =============== - \begin{minipage}[POSITION]{WIDTH} + \begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH} TEXT \end{minipage} The `minipage' environment typesets its body TEXT in a block that -will not be broken across pages (similar to the `\parbox' command, -*note \parbox::). You may use other paragraph-making environments -inside a minipage (unlike `\parbox'). +will not be broken across pages. This is similar to the `\parbox' +command (*note \parbox::), but unlike `\parbox', other paragraph-making +environments can be used inside a minipage. - It takes an optional POSITION argument for placing TEXT, and a -mandatory WIDTH argument for specifying the line width. + The arguments are the same as for `\parbox' (*note \parbox::). By default, paragraphs are not indented in the `minipage' environment. You can restore indentation with a command such as @@ -1457,13 +1464,15 @@ ordinary optional arguments, this argument is not contained in square brackets.) The optional argument gives the coordinates of the point at the lower-left corner of the picture (thereby determining the origin). For example, if `\unitlength' has been set to `1mm', the command - \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) - produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 -millimeters, whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose -upper-right corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first -draw a picture, you will omit the optional argument, leaving the origin + + \begin{picture}(100,200)(10,20) + +produces a picture of width 100 millimeters and height 200 millimeters, +whose lower-left corner is the point (10,20) and whose upper-right +corner is therefore the point (110,220). When you first draw a +picture, you typically omit the optional argument, leaving the origin at the lower-left corner. If you then want to modify your picture by -shifting everything, you just add the appropriate optional argument. +shifting everything, you can just add the appropriate optional argument. The environment's mandatory argument determines the nominal size of the picture. This need bear no relation to how large the picture @@ -1533,13 +1542,18 @@ normal `\makebox' command except that you must specify a `width' and The optional argument, `[position]', specifies the quadrant that your text appears in. You may select up to two of the following: - * `t' - Moves the item to the top of the rectangle +`t' + Moves the item to the top of the rectangle. + +`b' + Moves the item to the bottom. - * `b' - Moves the item to the bottom +`l' + Moves the item to the left. - * `l' - Moves the item to the left +`r' + Moves the item to the right. - * `r' - Moves the item to the right *Note \makebox::. @@ -1886,17 +1900,8 @@ Tables will not be split between two pages. The optional argument `[placement]' determines where LaTeX will try to place your table. There are four places where LaTeX can possibly put -a float: - - * `h': Here - at the position in the text where the table - environment appears. - - * `t': Top - at the top of a text page. - - * `b': Bottom - at the bottom of a text page. - - * `p': Page of floats - on a separate float page, which is a page - containing no text, only floats. +a float; these are the same as that used with the `figure' environment, +and described there (*note figure::). The standard `report' and `article' classes use the default placement `[tbp]'. @@ -1942,40 +1947,47 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command Specifies the vertical position; default is alignment on the centre of the environment. - * `t' - align on top row + `t' + align on top row - * `b' - align on bottom row + `b' + align on bottom row `cols' Specifies the column formatting. It consists of a sequence of the following specifiers, corresponding to the sequence of columns and intercolumn material. - * `l' - A column of left-aligned items. + `l' + A column of left-aligned items. + + `r' + A column of right-aligned items. - * `r' - A column of right-aligned items. + `' + A column of centred items. - * `c' - A column of centred items. + `|' + A vertical line the full height and depth of the environment. - * `|' - A vertical line the full height and depth of the - environment. + `@{TEXT}' + This inserts TEXT in every row. An @-expression suppresses + the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any + desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent + items must be included in text. An `\extracolsep{wd}' + command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width + `wd' to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until + countermanded by another `\extracolsep' command. Unlike + ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space is not + suppressed by an @-expression. An `\extracolsep' command can + be used only in an @-expression in the `cols' argument. - * `@{text}' - This inserts `text' in every row. An @-expression - suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between - columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the - adjacent items must be included in text. An - `\extracolsep{wd}' command in an @-expression causes an extra - space of width `wd' to appear to the left of all subsequent - columns, until countermanded by another `\extracolsep' - command. Unlike ordinary intercolumn space, this extra space - is not suppressed by an @-expression. An `\extracolsep' - command can be used only in an @-expression in the `cols' - argument. + `p{WD}' + Produces a column with each item typeset in a parbox of width + WD, as if it were the argument of a `\parbox[t]{WD}' command. + However, a `\\' may not appear in the item, except in the + following situations: - * `p{wd}' - Produces a column with each item typeset in a - parbox of width `wd', as if it were the argument of a - `\parbox[t]{wd}' command. However, a `\\' may not appear in - the item, except in the following situations: 1. inside an environment like `minipage', `array', or `tabular'. @@ -1986,10 +1998,10 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command appear inside braces or an environment when used in a `p'-column element. - * `*{num}{cols}' - Equivalent to `num' copies of `cols', where - `num' is any positive integer and `cols' is any list of - column-specifiers, which may contain another `*-expression'. - + `*{NUM}{COLS}' + Equivalent to NUM copies of COLS, where NUM is a positive + integer and COLS is any list of column-specifiers, which may + contain another `*-expression'. Parameters that control formatting: @@ -2000,7 +2012,7 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command `\arraystretch' Scaling of spacing between rows in the `tabular' and `array' - environments; default is `1',for no scaling. + environments; default is `1', for no scaling. `\doublerulesep' Horizontal distance between the vertical rules produced by `||' in @@ -4010,6 +4022,9 @@ Accents::). `\acute' Math acute accent: \acutex. +`\bar' + Math bar-over accent: \barx. + `\breve' Math breve accent: \brevex. @@ -4839,9 +4854,6 @@ for creating accented characters. `\b' Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_. -`\bar' - Produces a macron accent over the following, as in o=. - `\c' Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in @@ -5039,7 +5051,7 @@ automatically start a new page. If you want a new page after the table of contents, write a `\newpage' command after the `\tableofcontents' command. - The analagous commands `\listoffigures' and `\listoftables' produce + The analogous commands `\listoffigures' and `\listoftables' produce a list of figures and a list of tables, respectively. Everything works exactly the same as for the table of contents. @@ -5057,8 +5069,8 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \addcontentsline, Next: \addtocontents, Up: Tables 23.1.1 \addcontentsline ----------------------- -The `\addcontentsline' command adds an entry to the specified list or -table where: +The `\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the +specified list or table where: EXT The extension of the file on which information is to be written, @@ -5091,9 +5103,9 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtocontents, Prev: \addcontentsline, Up: Tables 23.1.2 \addtocontents --------------------- -The `\addtocontents' command adds text (or formatting commands) -directly to the `.'EXT file that generates the table of contents or -lists of figures or tables. +The `\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting +commands) directly to the `.EXT' file that generates the table of +contents or lists of figures or tables. EXT The extension of the file on which information is to be written: @@ -5127,21 +5139,43 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Indexes, Prev: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter 23.3 Indexes ============ -The command `\makeindex' enables creating indexes. +The command `\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the +preamble. - The command `\index{TEXT}' writes a glossary entry for TEXT to an + The command `\index{TEXT}' writes an index entry for TEXT to an auxiliary file with the `.idx' extension. Specifically, what gets written is the command `\indexentry{TEXT}{PAGENO}', where PAGENO is the current `\thepage' value. + To generate a index entry for `bar' that says `See foo', use a +vertical bar: `\index{bar|see{foo}}'. Use `seealso' instead of `see' +to make a `See also' entry. + + The text `See' is defined by the macro `\seename', and `See also' by +the macro `\alsoname'. These can be redefined for other languages. + + The generated `.idx' file is then sorted with an external command, +usually either `makeindex' +(`http://mirror.ctan.org/indexing/makeindex') or (the multi-lingual) +`xindy' (`http://xindy.sourceforge.net'). This results in a `.ind' +file, which can then be read to typeset the index. + + The index is usually generated with the `\printindex' command. This +is defined in the `makeidx' package, so `\usepackage{makeidx}' needs to +be in the preamble. + The rubber length `\indexspace' is inserted before each new letter -in the index; its default value is `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'. +in the printed index; its default value is `10pt plus5pt minus3pt'. + + The `showidx' package causes each index entries to be shown in the +margin on the page where the entry appears. This can help in preparing +the index. - The `.idx' file can then be sorted with an external command, -typically `makeindex' or `xindy', resulting in a `.ind' file, which can -then be used to typeset the index. + The `multind' package supports multiple indexes. See also the TeX +FAQ entry on this topic, +`http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=multind'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Letters, Next: Terminal Input/Output, Prev: Front/back matter, Up: Top @@ -5581,8 +5615,9 @@ Concept Index * * prompt: Command Line. (line 15) * *-form of sectioning commands: Sectioning. (line 38) * .glo file: Glossaries. (line 8) -* .idx file: Indexes. (line 8) -* .ind file: Indexes. (line 18) +* .idx file: Indexes. (line 9) +* .ind file: Indexes. (line 23) +* `see' and `see also' index entries: Indexes. (line 16) * abstracts: abstract. (line 6) * accents: Accents. (line 6) * accents, mathematical: Math accents. (line 6) @@ -5599,6 +5634,7 @@ Concept Index * arrays, math: array. (line 6) * author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 12) * bar-over accent: Accents. (line 23) +* bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 14) * bar-under accent: Accents. (line 37) * bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 6) * bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 6) @@ -5610,23 +5646,23 @@ Concept Index * boxes: Boxes. (line 6) * breaking lines: Line breaking. (line 6) * breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 6) -* breve accent: Accents. (line 62) -* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 14) +* breve accent: Accents. (line 59) +* breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 17) * bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 87) * bulleted lists: itemize. (line 6) * calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 87) * cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 6) -* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 43) +* cedilla accent: Accents. (line 40) * centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 6) * centering text, environment for: center. (line 6) * characters, accented: Accents. (line 6) * characters, non-English: Non-English characters. (line 6) * characters, reserved: Reserved characters. (line 6) -* check accent: Accents. (line 65) -* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 17) +* check accent: Accents. (line 62) +* check accent, math: Math accents. (line 20) * circumflex accent: Accents. (line 26) -* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 29) +* circumflex accent, math: Math accents. (line 32) * class options: Document class options. (line 6) * classes of documents: Document classes. (line 6) @@ -5670,15 +5706,15 @@ Concept Index * document classes: Document classes. (line 6) * document templates: Document templates. (line 6) * dot accent: Accents. (line 20) -* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 23) +* dot over accent, math: Math accents. (line 26) * dot-over accent: Accents. (line 20) -* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 46) -* dotless i: Accents. (line 53) -* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 32) -* dotless j: Accents. (line 56) -* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 35) +* dot-under accent: Accents. (line 43) +* dotless i: Accents. (line 50) +* dotless i, math: Math accents. (line 35) +* dotless j: Accents. (line 53) +* dotless j, math: Math accents. (line 38) * double dagger, in text: Text symbols. (line 16) -* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 20) +* double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 23) * ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 22) * emphasis: Font styles. (line 26) * enclosure list: \encl. (line 6) @@ -5696,9 +5732,10 @@ Concept Index * exponent: Subscripts & Superscripts. (line 6) * figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6) -* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 22) +* figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 21) * figures, inserting: figure. (line 6) * fixed-width font: Font styles. (line 108) +* float package: figure. (line 34) * flushing floats and starting a page: \clearpage. (line 6) * font commands, low-level: Low-level font commands. (line 6) @@ -5711,7 +5748,7 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * footnote number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 6) * footnote parameters: Footnote parameters. (line 6) -* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 22) +* footnotes in figures: minipage. (line 21) * footnotes, creating: Footnotes. (line 6) * formulas, environment for: equation. (line 6) * formulas, math: Math formulas. (line 6) @@ -5721,23 +5758,23 @@ Concept Index (line 6) * glossaries: Glossaries. (line 6) * grave accent: Accents. (line 29) -* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 26) +* grave accent, math: Math accents. (line 29) * greek letters: Math symbols. (line 6) -* ha'c: Reserved characters. (line 16) * \backslash: Math symbols. (line 35) -* \bar (macron, bar-over accent): Accents. (line 40) +* \bar: Math accents. (line 13) * \baselineskip: Low-level font commands. (line 57) * \baselinestretch: Low-level font commands. @@ -6103,21 +6145,21 @@ Command Index * \bmod: Math functions. (line 21) * \boldmath: Math formulas. (line 31) * \bot: Math symbols. (line 77) -* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 40) +* \bottomfraction: figure. (line 55) * \bowtie: Math symbols. (line 80) * \Box: Math symbols. (line 83) -* \breve: Math accents. (line 13) +* \breve: Math accents. (line 16) * \bullet: Math symbols. (line 86) -* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 43) +* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 40) * \cal: Font styles. (line 86) * \cap: Math symbols. (line 89) -* \caption: figure. (line 36) +* \caption: figure. (line 51) * \cc: \cc. (line 6) * \cdot: Math symbols. (line 92) * \cdots: Math Miscellany. (line 10) * \centering: \centering. (line 6) * \chapter: Sectioning. (line 10) -* \check: Math accents. (line 16) +* \check: Math accents. (line 19) * \chi: Math symbols. (line 95) * \circ: Math symbols. (line 98) * \circle: \circle. (line 6) @@ -6140,7 +6182,7 @@ Command Index * \coth: Math functions. (line 33) * \csc: Math functions. (line 36) * \cup: Math symbols. (line 110) -* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 46) +* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 43) * \dag: Text symbols. (line 12) * \dagger: Math symbols. (line 113) * \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 6) @@ -6153,7 +6195,7 @@ Command Index * \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 30) * \ddag: Text symbols. (line 15) * \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 119) -* \ddot: Math accents. (line 19) +* \ddot: Math accents. (line 22) * \ddots: Math Miscellany. (line 14) * \deg: Math functions. (line 39) * \delta: Math symbols. (line 125) @@ -6167,10 +6209,10 @@ Command Index * \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 36) * \div: Math symbols. (line 137) * \documentclass: Document classes. (line 6) -* \dot: Math accents. (line 22) +* \dot: Math accents. (line 25) * \doteq: Math symbols. (line 140) * \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 6) -* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 98) +* \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 105) * \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 146) * \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 143) * \ell: Math symbols. (line 149) @@ -6198,8 +6240,8 @@ Command Index * \fboxsep: \framebox (picture). (line 14) * \fill: \hfill. (line 9) * \flat: Math symbols. (line 167) -* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 43) -* \floatsep: figure. (line 47) +* \floatpagefraction: figure. (line 58) +* \floatsep: figure. (line 62) * \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 6) * \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. (line 24) @@ -6238,9 +6280,9 @@ Command Index * \gg: Math symbols. (line 191) * \glossary: Glossaries. (line 8) * \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 11) -* \grave: Math accents. (line 25) -* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 49) -* \hat: Math accents. (line 28) +* \grave: Math accents. (line 28) +* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 46) +* \hat: Math accents. (line 31) * \hbar: Math symbols. (line 194) * \headheight: Page layout parameters. (line 6) @@ -6258,21 +6300,21 @@ Command Index * \Huge: Font sizes. (line 11) * \huge: Font sizes. (line 11) * \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 6) -* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 53) +* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 50) * \iff: Math symbols. (line 206) * \Im: Math symbols. (line 209) -* \imath: Math accents. (line 31) +* \imath: Math accents. (line 34) * \in: Math symbols. (line 212) * \include: \include. (line 6) * \includeonly: \includeonly. (line 6) * \indent: \indent. (line 6) -* \index: Indexes. (line 8) -* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 11) +* \index: Indexes. (line 9) +* \indexentry: Indexes. (line 12) * \inf: Math functions. (line 57) * \infty: Math symbols. (line 215) * \input: \input. (line 6) * \int: Math symbols. (line 218) -* \intextsep: figure. (line 51) +* \intextsep: figure. (line 66) * \iota: Math symbols. (line 221) * \it: Font styles. (line 92) * \item <1>: itemize. (line 6) @@ -6281,8 +6323,8 @@ Command Index * \itemindent: itemize. (line 52) * \itemsep: itemize. (line 75) * \itshape: Font styles. (line 23) -* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 56) -* \jmath: Math accents. (line 34) +* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 53) +* \jmath: Math accents. (line 37) * \Join: Math symbols. (line 224) * \kappa: Math symbols. (line 227) * \ker: Math functions. (line 60) @@ -6465,10 +6507,10 @@ Command Index * \parallel: Math symbols. (line 381) * \parbox: \parbox. (line 6) * \parindent <1>: \indent. (line 6) -* \parindent: minipage. (line 18) +* \parindent: minipage. (line 17) * \parsep: itemize. (line 80) * \parskip: \parskip. (line 6) -* \parskip example: itemize. (line 103) +* \parskip example: itemize. (line 97) * \part: Sectioning. (line 8) * \partial: Math symbols. (line 384) * \partopsep: itemize. (line 90) @@ -6533,6 +6575,7 @@ Command Index * \searrow: Math symbols. (line 462) * \sec: Math functions. (line 93) * \section: Sectioning. (line 13) +* \seename: Indexes. (line 20) * \selectfont: Low-level font commands. (line 71) * \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 6) @@ -6592,10 +6635,10 @@ Command Index * \surd: Math symbols. (line 534) * \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 537) * \symbol: Reserved characters. (line 25) -* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 59) +* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 56) * \TAB: \SPACE. (line 6) * \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 79) -* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 102) +* \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 109) * \tableofcontents: Tables of contents. (line 6) * \tan: Math functions. (line 105) * \tanh: Math functions. (line 108) @@ -6603,8 +6646,8 @@ Command Index * \telephone: \telephone. (line 6) * \TeX: Text symbols. (line 40) * \textbf: Font styles. (line 32) -* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 56) -* \textfraction: figure. (line 60) +* \textfloatsep: figure. (line 71) +* \textfraction: figure. (line 75) * \textheight: Page layout parameters. (line 27) * \textit: Font styles. (line 23) @@ -6624,14 +6667,14 @@ Command Index * \thinlines: \thinlines. (line 6) * \thinspace: \thinspace. (line 6) * \thispagestyle: \thispagestyle. (line 6) -* \tilde: Math accents. (line 37) +* \tilde: Math accents. (line 40) * \times: Math symbols. (line 546) * \tiny: Font sizes. (line 11) * \title{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 25) * \to: Math symbols. (line 549) * \today: \today. (line 6) * \top: Math symbols. (line 552) -* \topfraction: figure. (line 65) +* \topfraction: figure. (line 80) * \topmargin: Page layout parameters. (line 40) * \topsep: itemize. (line 84) @@ -6646,7 +6689,7 @@ Command Index * \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 6) * \typein: \typein. (line 6) * \typeout: \typeout. (line 6) -* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 62) +* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 59) * \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 31) * \underbrace{math}: Math Miscellany. (line 42) * \underline{text}: Math Miscellany. (line 45) @@ -6667,7 +6710,7 @@ Command Index (line 75) * \usepackage: Document class options. (line 74) -* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 65) +* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 62) * \value: \value. (line 6) * \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 591) * \varphi: Math symbols. (line 594) @@ -6677,7 +6720,7 @@ Command Index * \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 606) * \vdash: Math symbols. (line 609) * \vdots: Math Miscellany. (line 49) -* \vec: Math accents. (line 40) +* \vec: Math accents. (line 43) * \vector: \vector. (line 6) * \vee: Math symbols. (line 612) * \verb: \verb. (line 6) @@ -6687,7 +6730,7 @@ Command Index * \vline: \vline. (line 6) * \vspace: \vspace. (line 6) * \wedge: Math symbols. (line 621) -* \widehat: Math accents. (line 43) +* \widehat: Math accents. (line 46) * \width: Predefined lengths. (line 6) * \wp: Math symbols. (line 624) * \wr: Math symbols. (line 627) @@ -6734,6 +6777,7 @@ Command Index (line 24) * flushleft environment: flushleft. (line 6) * flushright environment: flushright. (line 6) +* indexspace: Indexes. (line 33) * itemize environment: itemize. (line 6) * landscape option: Document class options. (line 24) @@ -6746,7 +6790,7 @@ Command Index * letterpaper option: Document class options. (line 19) * list: list. (line 6) -* lR box: picture. (line 62) +* lR box: picture. (line 64) * lrbox: lrbox. (line 6) * math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 6) * math environment: math. (line 6) @@ -6764,6 +6808,7 @@ Command Index * openright option: Document class options. (line 49) * picture: picture. (line 6) +* printindex: Indexes. (line 29) * quotation: quotation. (line 6) * quote: quote. (line 6) * report class: Document classes. (line 13) @@ -6786,207 +6831,207 @@ Command Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top1693 -Node: Overview3875 -Node: Starting & ending5743 -Node: Document classes6305 -Node: Document class options6881 -Node: Typefaces9473 -Node: Font styles9915 -Node: Font sizes12241 -Node: Low-level font commands13476 -Node: Layout15704 -Node: \onecolumn16173 -Node: \twocolumn16386 -Node: \flushbottom17891 -Node: \raggedbottom18253 -Node: Page layout parameters18539 -Node: Sectioning20630 -Node: Cross references21954 -Node: \label22385 -Node: \pageref23250 -Node: \ref23549 -Node: Environments23939 -Node: abstract25394 -Node: array25635 -Node: center26966 -Node: \centering27443 -Node: description28283 -Node: displaymath29097 -Node: document29664 -Node: enumerate29921 -Node: eqnarray31213 -Node: equation32223 -Node: figure32596 -Node: flushleft34802 -Node: \raggedright35287 -Node: flushright35846 -Node: \raggedleft36334 -Node: itemize36891 -Node: letter40693 -Node: list40931 -Node: math41755 -Node: minipage42057 -Node: picture43275 -Node: \circle47268 -Node: \makebox (picture)47601 -Node: \framebox (picture)48300 -Node: \dashbox48790 -Node: \frame49317 -Node: \line49643 -Node: \linethickness50112 -Node: \thicklines50533 -Node: \thinlines50843 -Node: \multiput51145 -Node: \oval51511 -Node: \put52128 -Node: \shortstack52376 -Node: \vector52852 -Node: quotation53158 -Node: quote53614 -Node: tabbing54046 -Node: table57209 -Node: tabular58287 -Node: \multicolumn62221 -Node: \cline63019 -Node: \hline63339 -Node: \vline63653 -Node: thebibliography63966 -Node: \bibitem65106 -Node: \cite65837 -Node: \nocite66337 -Node: Using BibTeX66621 -Node: theorem68113 -Node: titlepage68499 -Node: verbatim69100 -Node: \verb69727 -Node: verse70277 -Node: Footnotes70771 -Node: \footnote71315 -Node: \footnotemark71831 -Node: \footnotetext72398 -Node: Footnote parameters72882 -Node: Definitions73611 -Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand74326 -Node: \newcounter75541 -Node: \newlength76009 -Node: \newsavebox76521 -Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment76828 -Node: \newtheorem78095 -Node: \newfont79061 -Node: \protect79541 -Node: Counters80405 -Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol81646 -Node: \usecounter82691 -Node: \value83053 -Node: \setcounter83438 -Node: \addtocounter83729 -Node: \refstepcounter84025 -Node: \stepcounter84370 -Node: \day \month \year84621 -Node: Lengths85166 -Node: \setlength85735 -Node: \addtolength86077 -Node: \settodepth86372 -Node: \settoheight86647 -Node: \settowidth86926 -Node: Predefined lengths87190 -Node: Line breaking87704 -Node: \\88762 -Node: \obeycr & \restorecr89232 -Node: \newline89636 -Node: \- (hyphenation)89926 -Node: \fussy90536 -Node: \sloppy90934 -Node: \hyphenation91261 -Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak91887 -Node: Page breaking92556 -Node: \cleardoublepage93164 -Node: \clearpage93571 -Node: \newpage93847 -Node: \enlargethispage94082 -Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak94607 -Node: Making paragraphs95300 -Node: \indent95872 -Node: \noindent96344 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a/Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds +++ b/Master/tlpkg/libexec/ctan2tds @@ -1439,6 +1439,11 @@ $standardxmt='\.xmt'; 'vpe' => '\.pl$', ); +# packages which have info files to install. +%specialinfos = ( + 'latex2e-help-texinfo' => '\.info', +); + # packages which have man pages to install. Assume section 1 for now. %specialmans = ( 'findhyph' => 'findhyph.1', @@ -1447,7 +1452,6 @@ $standardxmt='\.xmt'; 'texdirflatten' => 'texdirflatten.1', ); - # which suffixes to remove after building. Checked after runins and at # the end, in the doc directory. $standardclean = '\.head|\.tmp|\.dvi|\.log|\.out|\.aux|\.toc|\.lof|\.lot' @@ -1467,7 +1471,6 @@ $standardclean = '\.head|\.tmp|\.dvi|\.log|\.out|\.aux|\.toc|\.lof|\.lot' 'hyph-utf8' => 'README', 'jadetex' => $standardclean # these sty files are in passivetex . '|(dummyels|mlnames|ucharacters|unicode)\.sty', - 'latex2e-help-texinfo' => '\.info', # must move .info by hand, sigh 'lshort-spanish'=>'lshort-a5book.pdf', # a4 is enough 'mathexam' => 'sample.tex~', 'notes2bib' => "$standardclean|jawltxdoc.sty", # temp file for doc @@ -1765,6 +1768,7 @@ sub donormal &dosource; &dotype1; &doscripts; + &doinfos; &domans; # remove empty directories that we never used. @@ -1938,9 +1942,19 @@ sub doscripts &SYSTEM ("chmod a+x $DEST/scripts/$package/*"); } -# man pages. We also put these in texmf/doc/man/man1. -# Having a man dir in texmf-dist also would imply lots of changes in the -# installer. +# info files. We put these in texmf/doc/info, which is where we keep +# the info files for the programs, too. Having an info dir in +# texmf-dist also would imply lots of changes in the installer, and +# there seems to be no gain. +# +sub doinfos +{ + my $infopatt = $specialinfos{$package}; + return unless $infopatt; + &install ("$TOPDEST/texmf/doc/info/", $infopatt); +} + +# man pages. We put these in texmf/doc/man/man1, a la info (see above). # sub domans { -- cgit v1.2.3