From 7b1412793a9f44a07b9cbd0dd6111f68e0a91e86 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Fri, 13 May 2011 22:26:53 +0000 Subject: latex2e-help-texinfo (13may11) git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@22463 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info | 1087 +++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 583 insertions(+), 504 deletions(-) (limited to 'Master/texmf/doc') diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info index 61419c447ce..5558bb86e05 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This is latex2e.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from latex2e.texi. This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document -preparation system, version of July 2010. +preparation system, version of May 2011. This was originally translated from `LATEX.HLP' v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. Greenwade @@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Martinsen. Karl Berry made further updates and additions, and gratefully acknowledges using `Hypertext Help with LaTeX', by Sheldon Green, and the `LaTeX Command Summary' (for LaTeX 2.09) by L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as `TeXniques' number -10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). +10), as reference material (no text was directly copied). - Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry. + Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 Karl Berry. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. @@ -37,24 +37,18 @@ START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Up: (dir) +File: latex2e.info, Node: Top, Next: About this document, Up: (dir) LaTeX2e ******* This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document -preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is intended to cover +preparation system, version as of May 2011. It is intended to cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. - LaTeX is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX -typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; it -is now maintained by a group of volunteers (`http://latex-project.org'). -The official documentation written by the LaTeX project is available -there. Again, the present document is unofficial and has not been -reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. - * Menu: +* About this document:: Bug reporting, etc. * Overview:: What is LaTeX? * Starting & ending:: The standard beginning and end of a document. * Document classes:: Some of the various classes available. @@ -86,44 +80,81 @@ reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. * Command Index:: Alphabetical list of LaTeX commands.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Overview, Next: Starting & ending, Prev: Top, Up: Top +File: latex2e.info, Node: About this document, Next: Overview, Prev: Top, Up: Top 1 Overview of LaTeX ******************* -The LaTeX command typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the -LaTeX "macro package" for TeX. To be more specific, it processes an -input file containing the text of a document with interspersed commands -that describe how the text should be formatted. It produces at least -three files as output: +The LaTeX document preparation system is implemented as a macro package +for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally +created by Leslie Lamport; it is now maintained by a group of volunteers +(`http://latex-project.org'). The official documentation written by the +LaTeX project is available from their web site. + + The present document is completely unofficial and has not been +reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. Do not send bug reports or anything +else about this document to them. Instead, please send all comments to +. + + The home page for this document is `http://home.gna.org/latexrefman'. +That page has links to the current output in various formats, sources, +mailing lists, and other infrastructure. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: Overview, Next: Starting & ending, Prev: About this document, Up: Top + +2 Overview of LaTeX +******************* + +What is LaTeX? - 1. A main output file, which is one of: + LaTeX typesets a file of text using the TeX program and the LaTeX +"macro package" for TeX. That is, it processes an input file containing +the text of a document with interspersed commands that describe how the +text should be formatted. LaTeX files are plain text that can be +written in any reasonable editor. It produces at least three files as +output: - 1. If invoked as `latex', a "Device Independent" (`.dvi') file. - This contains commands that can be translated into commands - for a variety of output devices. You can view such `.dvi' - output of LaTeX by using a program such as `xdvi' (display - directly) or `dvips' (convert to PostScript). + 1. The main output file, which is one of: - 2. If invoked as `pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format" + `.dvi' + If invoked as `latex', a "Device Independent" (`.dvi') file is + produced. This contains commands that can be translated into + commands for virtually any output device. You can view such + `.dvi' output of LaTeX by using a program such as `xdvi' + (display directly), `dvips' (convert to PostScript), or + `dvipdfmx' (convert to PDF). + + `.pdf' + If invoked as `pdflatex', a "Portable Document Format" (`.pdf') file. Typically, this is a self-contained file, with all fonts and images embedded. This can be very useful, but it does make the output much larger than the `.dvi' produced from the same document. - There are other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) as well, - which can produce HTML, XML, and other things. + If invoked as `lualatex', a `.pdf' file is created using the + LuaTeX engine (`http://luatex.org'). + + If invoked as `xelatex', a `.pdf' file is created using the + XeTeX engine (`http://tug.org/xetex'). - 2. A "transcript" or `.log' file that contains summary information and - diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input file. + Many other less-common variants of LaTeX (and TeX) exist, which can + produce HTML, XML, and other things. + + 2. The "transcript" or `.log' file that contains summary information + and diagnostic messages for any errors discovered in the input + file. 3. An "auxiliary" or `.aux' file. This is used by LaTeX itself, for - things such as sectioning. + things such as cross-references. + + An open-ended list of other files might be created. We won't try to +list them all. Xxx components? - A LaTeX command begins with the command name, which consists of a `\' -followed by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. -Arguments contained in square brackets, `[]', are optional while -arguments contained in braces, `{}', are required. + In the LaTeX input file, a command name starts with a `\', followed +by either (a) a string of letters or (b) a single non-letter. Arguments +contained in square brackets, `[]', are optional while arguments +contained in braces, `{}', are required. LaTeX is case sensitive. Enter all commands in lower case unless explicitly directed to do otherwise. @@ -131,7 +162,7 @@ explicitly directed to do otherwise.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Starting & ending, Next: Document classes, Prev: Overview, Up: Top -2 Starting & ending +3 Starting & ending ******************* A minimal input file looks like the following: @@ -151,7 +182,7 @@ the `\begin{document}' commands (this area is called the "preamble").  File: latex2e.info, Node: Document classes, Next: Typefaces, Prev: Starting & ending, Up: Top -3 Document classes +4 Document classes ****************** The class of a given document is defined with the command: @@ -175,7 +206,7 @@ are available as add-ons; *note Overview::):  File: latex2e.info, Node: Document class options, Up: Document classes -3.1 Document class options +4.1 Document class options ========================== You can specify so-called "global options" or "class options" to the @@ -236,7 +267,7 @@ paper size (default is `letterpaper'): size and whether one- or two-side layout is selected. For one-sided printing the text is centered, for two-sided, `\oddsidemargin' is 40% of the difference between `\paperwidth' and - `\textwidth' with `\evensidemargin' the remainder. + `\textwidth', with `\evensidemargin' the remainder. `openright' `openany' @@ -260,7 +291,7 @@ the selected document class are passed on to the packages loaded with  File: latex2e.info, Node: Typefaces, Next: Layout, Prev: Document classes, Up: Top -4 Typefaces +5 Typefaces *********** Two important aspects of selecting a "font" are specifying a size and a @@ -275,7 +306,7 @@ style. The LaTeX commands for doing this are described here.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Font styles, Next: Font sizes, Up: Typefaces -4.1 Font styles +5.1 Font styles =============== The following type style commands are supported by LaTeX. @@ -385,7 +416,7 @@ differently than the above commands, too: `{\CMD ...}' instead of  File: latex2e.info, Node: Font sizes, Next: Low-level font commands, Prev: Font styles, Up: Typefaces -4.2 Font sizes +5.2 Font sizes ============== The following standard type size commands are supported by LaTeX. The @@ -414,7 +445,7 @@ commands; for instance, `\begin{tiny}...\end{tiny}'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Low-level font commands, Prev: Font sizes, Up: Typefaces -4.3 Low-level font commands +5.3 Low-level font commands =========================== These commands are primarily intended for writers of macros and @@ -498,7 +529,7 @@ ones.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Layout, Next: Sectioning, Prev: Typefaces, Up: Top -5 Layout +6 Layout ******** Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page. @@ -514,7 +545,7 @@ Miscellaneous commands for controlling the general layout of the page.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \onecolumn, Next: \twocolumn, Up: Layout -5.1 `\onecolumn' +6.1 `\onecolumn' ================ The `\onecolumn' declaration starts a new page and produces @@ -523,7 +554,7 @@ single-column output. This is the default.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \twocolumn, Next: \flushbottom, Prev: \onecolumn, Up: Layout -5.2 `\twocolumn' +6.2 `\twocolumn' ================ Synopsis: @@ -570,7 +601,7 @@ typeset in one-column mode before the two-column typesetting starts.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \flushbottom, Next: \raggedbottom, Prev: \twocolumn, Up: Layout -5.3 `\flushbottom' +6.3 `\flushbottom' ================== The `\flushbottom' declaration makes all text pages the same height, @@ -582,7 +613,7 @@ class options::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: \raggedbottom, Next: Page layout parameters, Prev: \flushbottom, Up: Layout -5.4 `\raggedbottom' +6.4 `\raggedbottom' =================== The `\raggedbottom' declaration makes all pages the natural height of @@ -591,7 +622,7 @@ the material on that page. No rubber lengths will be stretched.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Page layout parameters, Prev: \raggedbottom, Up: Layout -5.5 Page layout parameters +6.5 Page layout parameters ========================== `\headheight' @@ -610,10 +641,12 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Page layout parameters, Prev: \raggedbottom, Up: La where it varies with the type size. `\linewidth' - Width of the current line; the default varies with the font size, - paper width, two-column mode, etc. For an `article' document in - `10pt', it's set to `345pt'; in two-column mode, that becomes - `229.5pt'. + Width of the current line, decreased for each nested `list' (*note + list::). Specifically, it is smaller than `\textwidth' by the sum + of `\leftmargin' and `\rightmargin' (*note itemize::). The default + varies with the font size, paper width, two-column mode, etc. For + an `article' document in `10pt', it's set to `345pt'; in two-column + mode, that becomes `229.5pt'. `\textheight' The normal vertical height of the page body; the default varies @@ -623,10 +656,28 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Page layout parameters, Prev: \raggedbottom, Up: La and for `12pt', `36\baselineskip'. `\textwidth' - The normal horizontal width of the page body; the default varies as - usual. For an `article' or `report' document, it's `345pt' at - `10pt', `360pt' at `11pt', and `390pt' at `12pt'. For a `book' - document, it's `4.5in' at `10pt', and `5in' at `11pt' or `12pt'. + The full horizontal width of the entire page body; the default + varies as usual. For an `article' or `report' document, it's + `345pt' at `10pt', `360pt' at `11pt', and `390pt' at `12pt'. For a + `book' document, it's `4.5in' at `10pt', and `5in' at `11pt' or + `12pt'. + + In multi-column output, `\textwidth' remains the width of the + entire page body, while `\columnwidth' is the width of one column + (*note \twocolumn::). + + In lists (*note list::), `\textwidth' remains the width of the + entire page body (and `\columnwidth' the width of the entire + column), while `\linewidth' may decrease for nested lists. + + Inside a minipage (*note minipage::) or `\parbox' (*note + \parbox::), all the width-related parameters are set to the + specified width, and revert to their normal values at the end of + the `minipage' or `\parbox'. + + For completeness: `\hsize' is the TeX primitive parameter used when + text is broken into lines. It should not be used in normal LaTeX + documents. `\topmargin' Space between the top of the TeX page (one inch from the top of the @@ -643,7 +694,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Page layout parameters, Prev: \raggedbottom, Up: La  File: latex2e.info, Node: Sectioning, Next: Cross references, Prev: Layout, Up: Top -6 Sectioning +7 Sectioning ************ Sectioning commands provide the means to structure your text into units: @@ -705,7 +756,7 @@ level zero. (*Note \setcounter::.)  File: latex2e.info, Node: Cross references, Next: Environments, Prev: Sectioning, Up: Top -7 Cross references +8 Cross references ****************** One reason for numbering things like figures and equations is to refer @@ -720,7 +771,7 @@ the reader to them, as in "See Figure 3 for more details."  File: latex2e.info, Node: \label, Next: \pageref, Up: Cross references -7.1 `\label' +8.1 `\label' ============ Synopsis: @@ -759,7 +810,7 @@ colon or period. Some conventionally-used prefixes:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \pageref, Next: \ref, Prev: \label, Up: Cross references -7.2 `\pageref{KEY}' +8.2 `\pageref{KEY}' =================== Synopsis: @@ -772,7 +823,7 @@ the text where the corresponding `\label'{KEY} command appears.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \ref, Prev: \pageref, Up: Cross references -7.3 `\ref{KEY}' +8.3 `\ref{KEY}' =============== Synopsis: @@ -787,7 +838,7 @@ equation, footnote, figure, ..., of the corresponding `\label' command  File: latex2e.info, Node: Environments, Next: Line breaking, Prev: Cross references, Up: Top -8 Environments +9 Environments ************** LaTeX provides many environments for marking off certain text. Each @@ -831,7 +882,7 @@ environment begins and ends in the same manner:  File: latex2e.info, Node: abstract, Next: array, Up: Environments -8.1 `abstract' +9.1 `abstract' ============== Synopsis: @@ -845,7 +896,7 @@ paragraphs.  File: latex2e.info, Node: array, Next: center, Prev: abstract, Up: Environments -8.2 `array' +9.2 `array' =========== Synopsis: @@ -895,7 +946,7 @@ parameters which affect formatting in `array' environments, namely  File: latex2e.info, Node: center, Next: description, Prev: array, Up: Environments -8.3 `center' +9.3 `center' ============ Synopsis: @@ -916,7 +967,7 @@ current page. Each line is terminated with the string `\\'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \centering, Up: center -8.3.1 `\centering' +9.3.1 `\centering' ------------------ The `\centering' declaration corresponds to the `center' environment. @@ -942,7 +993,7 @@ environment such as quote) that ends the paragraph unit.  File: latex2e.info, Node: description, Next: displaymath, Prev: center, Up: Environments -8.4 `description' +9.4 `description' ================= Synopsis: @@ -968,7 +1019,7 @@ resets all other style variations: `\item[{\tt plain typewriter}]'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: displaymath, Next: document, Prev: description, Up: Environments -8.5 `displaymath' +9.5 `displaymath' ================= Synopsis: @@ -991,7 +1042,7 @@ number, use the `equation' environment (*note equation::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: document, Next: enumerate, Prev: displaymath, Up: Environments -8.6 `document' +9.6 `document' ============== The `document' environment encloses the body of a document. It is @@ -1000,7 +1051,7 @@ required in every LaTeX document. *Note Starting & ending::.  File: latex2e.info, Node: enumerate, Next: eqnarray, Prev: document, Up: Environments -8.7 `enumerate' +9.7 `enumerate' =============== Synopsis: @@ -1044,7 +1095,7 @@ letters:  File: latex2e.info, Node: eqnarray, Next: equation, Prev: enumerate, Up: Environments -8.8 `eqnarray' +9.8 `eqnarray' ============== \begin{eqnarray} (or `eqnarray*') @@ -1073,7 +1124,7 @@ zero width.  File: latex2e.info, Node: equation, Next: figure, Prev: eqnarray, Up: Environments -8.9 `equation' +9.9 `equation' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1089,7 +1140,7 @@ places an equation number in the right margin.  File: latex2e.info, Node: figure, Next: flushleft, Prev: equation, Up: Environments -8.10 `figure' +9.10 `figure' ============= \begin{figure[*]}[PLACEMENT] @@ -1172,7 +1223,7 @@ the list of figures instead of TEXT (*note Tables of contents::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: flushleft, Next: flushright, Prev: figure, Up: Environments -8.11 `flushleft' +9.11 `flushleft' ================ \begin{flushleft} @@ -1192,7 +1243,7 @@ right Each line must be terminated with the string `\\'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \raggedright, Up: flushleft -8.11.1 `\raggedright' +9.11.1 `\raggedright' --------------------- The `\raggedright' declaration corresponds to the `flushleft' @@ -1208,7 +1259,7 @@ paragraph unit.  File: latex2e.info, Node: flushright, Next: itemize, Prev: flushleft, Up: Environments -8.12 `flushright' +9.12 `flushright' ================= \begin{flushright} @@ -1228,7 +1279,7 @@ left. Each line must be terminated with the string `\\'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \raggedleft, Up: flushright -8.12.1 `\raggedleft' +9.12.1 `\raggedleft' -------------------- The `\raggedleft' declaration corresponds to the `flushright' @@ -1244,7 +1295,7 @@ paragraph unit.  File: latex2e.info, Node: itemize, Next: letter, Prev: flushright, Up: Environments -8.13 `itemize' +9.13 `itemize' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1352,7 +1403,7 @@ within a single item (`\parskip' is not list-specific, *note  File: latex2e.info, Node: letter, Next: list, Prev: itemize, Up: Environments -8.14 `letter' environment: writing letters +9.14 `letter' environment: writing letters ========================================== This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::. @@ -1360,7 +1411,7 @@ This environment is used for creating letters. *Note Letters::.  File: latex2e.info, Node: list, Next: math, Prev: letter, Up: Environments -8.15 `list' +9.15 `list' =========== The `list' environment is a generic environment which is used for @@ -1382,10 +1433,13 @@ It can and usually does contain other LaTeX commands. spacing parameters for the list. This argument will most often be empty, i.e., `{}', which leaves the default spacing. + The width used for typesetting the list items is specified by +`\linewidth' (*note Page layout parameters::). +  File: latex2e.info, Node: math, Next: minipage, Prev: list, Up: Environments -8.16 `math' +9.16 `math' =========== Synopsis: @@ -1400,7 +1454,7 @@ text. `\(...\))' and `$...$' are synonyms. *Note Math formulas::.  File: latex2e.info, Node: minipage, Next: picture, Prev: math, Up: Environments -8.17 `minipage' +9.17 `minipage' =============== \begin{minipage}[POSITION][HEIGHT][INNER-POS]{WIDTH} @@ -1431,7 +1485,7 @@ footnotes; they may wind up at the bottom of the wrong minipage.  File: latex2e.info, Node: picture, Next: quotation, Prev: minipage, Up: Environments -8.18 `picture' +9.18 `picture' ============== \begin{picture}(width,height)(x offset,y offset) @@ -1519,7 +1573,7 @@ corner of the box.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \circle, Next: \makebox (picture), Up: picture -8.18.1 `\circle' +9.18.1 `\circle' ---------------- \circle[*]{DIAMETER} @@ -1533,7 +1587,7 @@ solid circle.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \makebox (picture), Next: \framebox (picture), Prev: \circle, Up: picture -8.18.2 `\makebox' +9.18.2 `\makebox' ----------------- `\makebox(width,height)[position]{...}' @@ -1562,7 +1616,7 @@ text appears in. You may select up to two of the following:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \framebox (picture), Next: \dashbox, Prev: \makebox (picture), Up: picture -8.18.3 `\framebox' +9.18.3 `\framebox' ------------------ Synopsis: @@ -1579,7 +1633,7 @@ leaves a space `\fboxsep' between the rule and the contents of the box.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \dashbox, Next: \frame, Prev: \framebox (picture), Up: picture -8.18.4 `\dashbox' +9.18.4 `\dashbox' ----------------- Draws a box with a dashed line. Synopsis: @@ -1597,7 +1651,7 @@ of the `dlen'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \frame, Next: \line, Prev: \dashbox, Up: picture -8.18.5 `\frame' +9.18.5 `\frame' --------------- Synopsis: @@ -1611,7 +1665,7 @@ is put between the frame and the object.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \line, Next: \linethickness, Prev: \frame, Up: picture -8.18.6 `\line' +9.18.6 `\line' -------------- Synopsis: @@ -1629,7 +1683,7 @@ CTAN.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \linethickness, Next: \thicklines, Prev: \line, Up: picture -8.18.7 `\linethickness' +9.18.7 `\linethickness' ----------------------- The `\linethickness{DIM}' command declares the thickness of horizontal @@ -1642,7 +1696,7 @@ circles, or the quarter circles drawn by `\oval'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \thicklines, Next: \thinlines, Prev: \linethickness, Up: picture -8.18.8 `\thicklines' +9.18.8 `\thicklines' -------------------- The `\thicklines' command is an alternate line thickness for horizontal @@ -1652,7 +1706,7 @@ and *note \thinlines::.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinlines, Next: \multiput, Prev: \thicklines, Up: picture -8.18.9 `\thinlines' +9.18.9 `\thinlines' ------------------- The `\thinlines' command is the default line thickness for horizontal @@ -1662,7 +1716,7 @@ and *note \thicklines::.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \multiput, Next: \oval, Prev: \thinlines, Up: picture -8.18.10 `\multiput' +9.18.10 `\multiput' ------------------- Synopsis: @@ -1675,7 +1729,7 @@ across a picture. OBJ is first placed at position (x,y), then at  File: latex2e.info, Node: \oval, Next: \put, Prev: \multiput, Up: picture -8.18.11 `\oval' +9.18.11 `\oval' --------------- Synopsis: @@ -1705,7 +1759,7 @@ rounded corners.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \put, Next: \shortstack, Prev: \oval, Up: picture -8.18.12 `\put' +9.18.12 `\put' -------------- `\put(x coord,y coord){ ... }' @@ -1716,7 +1770,7 @@ argument at the given coordinates.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \shortstack, Next: \vector, Prev: \put, Up: picture -8.18.13 `\shortstack' +9.18.13 `\shortstack' --------------------- Synopsis: @@ -1740,7 +1794,7 @@ positions are:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \vector, Prev: \shortstack, Up: picture -8.18.14 `\vector' +9.18.14 `\vector' ----------------- Synopsis: @@ -1754,7 +1808,7 @@ inclusive.  File: latex2e.info, Node: quotation, Next: quote, Prev: picture, Up: Environments -8.19 `quotation' +9.19 `quotation' ================ Synopsis: @@ -1772,7 +1826,7 @@ blank line between text produces a new paragraph.  File: latex2e.info, Node: quote, Next: tabbing, Prev: quotation, Up: Environments -8.20 `quote' +9.20 `quote' ============ Snyopsis: @@ -1790,7 +1844,7 @@ line between text produces a new paragraph.  File: latex2e.info, Node: tabbing, Next: table, Prev: quote, Up: Environments -8.21 `tabbing' +9.21 `tabbing' ============== Synopsis: @@ -1884,7 +1938,7 @@ environment.  File: latex2e.info, Node: table, Next: tabular, Prev: tabbing, Up: Environments -8.22 `table' +9.22 `table' ============ Synopsis: @@ -1914,7 +1968,7 @@ etc., you wish. The `\caption' command allows you to title your table.  File: latex2e.info, Node: tabular, Next: thebibliography, Prev: table, Up: Environments -8.23 `tabular' +9.23 `tabular' ============== Synopsis: @@ -2034,7 +2088,7 @@ rule below the table) follows.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \multicolumn, Next: \cline, Up: tabular -8.23.1 `\multicolumn' +9.23.1 `\multicolumn' --------------------- Synopsis: @@ -2059,7 +2113,7 @@ third mandatory argument, TEXT, specifies what text to put in the entry.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \cline, Next: \hline, Prev: \multicolumn, Up: tabular -8.23.2 `\cline' +9.23.2 `\cline' --------------- Synopsis: @@ -2073,7 +2127,7 @@ specified in the mandatory argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \hline, Next: \vline, Prev: \cline, Up: tabular -8.23.3 `\hline' +9.23.3 `\hline' --------------- The `\hline' command draws a horizontal line the width of the enclosing @@ -2083,7 +2137,7 @@ line at the top, bottom, and between the rows of a table.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \vline, Prev: \hline, Up: tabular -8.23.4 `\vline' +9.23.4 `\vline' --------------- The `\vline' command will draw a vertical line extending the full height @@ -2093,7 +2147,7 @@ to the edge of the column. It can also be used in an @-expression.  File: latex2e.info, Node: thebibliography, Next: theorem, Prev: tabular, Up: Environments -8.24 `thebibliography' +9.24 `thebibliography' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -2128,7 +2182,7 @@ references, `99' for ones with less than 100, etc.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \bibitem, Next: \cite, Up: thebibliography -8.24.1 `\bibitem' +9.24.1 `\bibitem' ----------------- Synopsis: @@ -2148,7 +2202,7 @@ next section) to produce the associated label.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \cite, Next: \nocite, Prev: \bibitem, Up: thebibliography -8.24.2 `\cite' +9.24.2 `\cite' -------------- Synopsis: @@ -2165,7 +2219,7 @@ For example, `\cite[p.~314]{knuth}' might produce `[Knuth, p. 314]'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \nocite, Next: Using BibTeX, Prev: \cite, Up: thebibliography -8.24.3 `\nocite' +9.24.3 `\nocite' ---------------- `\nocite{key_list}' @@ -2176,7 +2230,7 @@ is a list of one or more citation keys, on the `.aux' file.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Using BibTeX, Prev: \nocite, Up: thebibliography -8.24.4 Using BibTeX +9.24.4 Using BibTeX ------------------- If you use the BibTeX program by Oren Patashnik (highly recommended if @@ -2219,7 +2273,7 @@ the bibliography.  File: latex2e.info, Node: theorem, Next: titlepage, Prev: thebibliography, Up: Environments -8.25 `theorem' +9.25 `theorem' ============== Synopsis: @@ -2235,7 +2289,7 @@ under `\newtheorem' (*note \newtheorem::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: titlepage, Next: verbatim, Prev: theorem, Up: Environments -8.26 `titlepage' +9.26 `titlepage' ================ Synopsis: @@ -2255,7 +2309,7 @@ a standard title page without a `titlepage' environment.  File: latex2e.info, Node: verbatim, Next: verse, Prev: titlepage, Up: Environments -8.27 `verbatim' +9.27 `verbatim' =============== Synopsis: @@ -2279,7 +2333,7 @@ typewriter.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \verb, Up: verbatim -8.27.1 `\verb' +9.27.1 `\verb' -------------- Synopsis: @@ -2299,7 +2353,7 @@ space" character.  File: latex2e.info, Node: verse, Prev: verbatim, Up: Environments -8.28 `verse' +9.28 `verse' ============ Synopsis: @@ -2321,8 +2375,8 @@ stanzas.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Line breaking, Next: Page breaking, Prev: Environments, Up: Top -9 Line breaking -*************** +10 Line breaking +**************** The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To produce a @@ -2347,8 +2401,8 @@ and you can always manually force breaks.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \\, Next: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking -9.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE] -====================== +10.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE] +======================= The `\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line. It has an optional argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to @@ -2360,8 +2414,8 @@ that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \obeycr & \restorecr, Next: \newline, Prev: \\, Up: Line breaking -9.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr' -============================ +10.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr' +============================= The `\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file (`^^M', internally) the same as `\\' (followed by `\relax'). So each new line @@ -2372,8 +2426,8 @@ in the input will also be a new line in the output.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newline, Next: \- (hyphenation), Prev: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking -9.3 `\newline' -============== +10.3 `\newline' +=============== The `\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph @@ -2382,8 +2436,8 @@ mode.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \- (hyphenation), Next: \fussy, Prev: \newline, Up: Line breaking -9.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen) -=============================== +10.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen) +================================ The `\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find most @@ -2397,8 +2451,8 @@ LaTeX might otherwise have chosen.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \fussy, Next: \sloppy, Prev: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking -9.5 `\fussy' -============ +10.5 `\fussy' +============= The declaration `\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at the @@ -2410,8 +2464,8 @@ cost of an occasional overfull box.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \sloppy, Next: \hyphenation, Prev: \fussy, Up: Line breaking -9.6 `\sloppy' -============= +10.6 `\sloppy' +============== The declaration `\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing. @@ -2421,8 +2475,8 @@ will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \hyphenation, Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \sloppy, Up: Line breaking -9.7 `\hyphenation' -================== +10.7 `\hyphenation' +=================== Synopsis: @@ -2440,8 +2494,8 @@ words):  File: latex2e.info, Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking -9.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak' -================================= +10.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak' +================================== Synopses: @@ -2460,7 +2514,7 @@ higher the number, the more insistent the request.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Page breaking, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Line breaking, Up: Top -10 Page breaking +11 Page breaking **************** LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has @@ -2478,7 +2532,7 @@ sometimes you may want to influence the breaks.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \cleardoublepage, Next: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking -10.1 `\cleardoublepage' +11.1 `\cleardoublepage' ======================= The `\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all @@ -2489,7 +2543,7 @@ In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand  File: latex2e.info, Node: \clearpage, Next: \newpage, Prev: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking -10.2 `\clearpage' +11.2 `\clearpage' ================= The `\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures @@ -2498,7 +2552,7 @@ and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newpage, Next: \enlargethispage, Prev: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking -10.3 `\newpage' +11.3 `\newpage' =============== The `\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats @@ -2507,7 +2561,7 @@ The `\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats  File: latex2e.info, Node: \enlargethispage, Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \newpage, Up: Page breaking -10.4 `\enlargethispage' +11.4 `\enlargethispage' ======================= `\enlargethispage{size}' @@ -2525,7 +2579,7 @@ as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit  File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking -10.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak' +11.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak' ================================== Synopses: @@ -2545,7 +2599,7 @@ to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the request is.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes, Next: Definitions, Prev: Page breaking, Up: Top -11 Footnotes +12 Footnotes ************ Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with @@ -2563,7 +2617,7 @@ two commands, the `\footnotemark' and the `\footnotetext' commands.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnote, Next: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes -11.1 `\footnote' +12.1 `\footnote' ================ Synopsis: @@ -2581,7 +2635,7 @@ or in a `tabular' environment. (See following sections.)  File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotemark, Next: \footnotetext, Prev: \footnote, Up: Footnotes -11.2 `\footnotemark' +12.2 `\footnotemark' ==================== With no optional argument, the `\footnotemark' command puts the current @@ -2599,7 +2653,7 @@ after the first `\footnote' command.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotetext, Next: Symbolic footnotes, Prev: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes -11.3 `\footnotetext' +12.3 `\footnotetext' ==================== Synopsis: @@ -2616,7 +2670,7 @@ mode.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Symbolic footnotes, Next: Footnote parameters, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes -11.4 Symbolic footnotes +12.4 Symbolic footnotes ======================= If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing @@ -2632,7 +2686,7 @@ redefine `\@fnsymbol'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: Symbolic footnotes, Up: Footnotes -11.5 Footnote parameters +12.5 Footnote parameters ======================== `\footnoterule' @@ -2651,7 +2705,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: Symbolic footnotes, Up:  File: latex2e.info, Node: Definitions, Next: Counters, Prev: Footnotes, Up: Top -12 Definitions +13 Definitions ************** LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds. @@ -2670,7 +2724,7 @@ LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Next: \newcounter, Up: Definitions -12.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand' +13.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand' ==================================== `\newcommand' and `\renewcommand' define and redefine a command, @@ -2705,7 +2759,7 @@ DEFN  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newcounter, Next: \newlength, Prev: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Up: Definitions -12.2 `\newcounter' +13.2 `\newcounter' ================== Synopsis: @@ -2723,7 +2777,7 @@ whenever COUNTERNAME is incremented.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newlength, Next: \newsavebox, Prev: \newcounter, Up: Definitions -12.3 `\newlength' +13.3 `\newlength' ================= Synopsis: @@ -2740,7 +2794,7 @@ and for more information about lengths in general.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newsavebox, Next: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Prev: \newlength, Up: Definitions -12.4 `\newsavebox' +13.4 `\newsavebox' ================== Synopsis: @@ -2753,7 +2807,7 @@ refer to a new bin for storing boxes.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Next: \newtheorem, Prev: \newsavebox, Up: Definitions -12.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment' +13.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment' ============================================ Synopses: @@ -2791,7 +2845,7 @@ ENDDEF  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newtheorem, Next: \newfont, Prev: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Up: Definitions -12.6 `\newtheorem' +13.6 `\newtheorem' ================== \newtheorem{NEWENV}{LABEL}[WITHIN] @@ -2822,7 +2876,7 @@ WITHIN  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newfont, Next: \protect, Prev: \newtheorem, Up: Definitions -12.7 `\newfont' +13.7 `\newfont' =============== Synopsis: @@ -2839,7 +2893,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through `.fd' files.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \protect, Prev: \newfont, Up: Definitions -12.8 `\protect' +13.8 `\protect' =============== Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and @@ -2863,7 +2917,7 @@ preceded by `\protect'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Counters, Next: Lengths, Prev: Definitions, Up: Top -13 Counters +14 Counters *********** Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The @@ -2892,7 +2946,7 @@ counters used in LaTeX's standard document classes to control numbering.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Next: \usecounter, Up: Counters -13.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters +14.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters ===================================================================== All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for @@ -2927,7 +2981,7 @@ instance, `\alph{enumi}'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \usecounter, Next: \value, Prev: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Up: Counters -13.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}' +14.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}' =========================== Synopsis: @@ -2941,7 +2995,7 @@ items.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \value, Next: \setcounter, Prev: \usecounter, Up: Counters -13.3 `\value{COUNTER}' +14.3 `\value{COUNTER}' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -2958,7 +3012,7 @@ anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \setcounter, Next: \addtocounter, Prev: \value, Up: Counters -13.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' +14.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' ================================== Synopsis: @@ -2971,7 +3025,7 @@ argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtocounter, Next: \refstepcounter, Prev: \setcounter, Up: Counters -13.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' +14.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' ==================================== The `\addtocounter' command increments COUNTER by the amount specified @@ -2980,7 +3034,7 @@ by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \refstepcounter, Next: \stepcounter, Prev: \addtocounter, Up: Counters -13.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}' +14.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}' =============================== The `\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as `\stepcounter' @@ -2990,7 +3044,7 @@ be the result of `\thecounter'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \stepcounter, Next: \day \month \year, Prev: \refstepcounter, Up: Counters -13.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}' +14.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}' ============================ The `\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all subsidiary @@ -2999,7 +3053,7 @@ counters.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \day \month \year, Prev: \stepcounter, Up: Counters -13.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters +14.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters ============================================= LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month (`\day', 1-31), month of @@ -3013,7 +3067,7 @@ current day (*note \today::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: Lengths, Next: Making paragraphs, Prev: Counters, Up: Top -14 Lengths +15 Lengths ********** A `length' is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a length @@ -3031,7 +3085,7 @@ as an argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \setlength, Next: \addtolength, Up: Lengths -14.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}' +15.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}' ============================== The `\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which can @@ -3041,7 +3095,7 @@ millimeters (`mm'), points (`pt'), big points (`bp', etc.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtolength, Next: \settodepth, Prev: \setlength, Up: Lengths -14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT} +15.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT} =============================== The `\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the @@ -3050,7 +3104,7 @@ amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \settodepth, Next: \settoheight, Prev: \addtolength, Up: Lengths -14.3 `\settodepth' +15.3 `\settodepth' ================== `\settodepth{\gnat}{text}' @@ -3061,7 +3115,7 @@ to the depth of the `text' argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \settoheight, Next: \settowidth, Prev: \settodepth, Up: Lengths -14.4 `\settoheight' +15.4 `\settoheight' =================== `\settoheight{\gnat}{text}' @@ -3072,7 +3126,7 @@ to the height of the `text' argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \settowidth, Next: Predefined lengths, Prev: \settoheight, Up: Lengths -14.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}' +15.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}' ============================== The `\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the @@ -3081,7 +3135,7 @@ width of the TEXT argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Predefined lengths, Prev: \settowidth, Up: Lengths -14.6 Predefined lengths +15.6 Predefined lengths ======================= `\width' @@ -3102,7 +3156,7 @@ make a box with the text stretched to double the natural size, e.g., say  File: latex2e.info, Node: Making paragraphs, Next: Math formulas, Prev: Lengths, Up: Top -15 Making paragraphs +16 Making paragraphs ******************** A paragraph is ended by one or more completely blank lines--lines not @@ -3120,7 +3174,7 @@ a sectioning command.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \indent, Next: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs -15.1 `\indent' +16.1 `\indent' ============== `\indent' produces a horizontal space whose width equals the width of @@ -3134,7 +3188,7 @@ for `12pt'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \noindent, Next: \parskip, Prev: \indent, Up: Making paragraphs -15.2 `\noindent' +16.2 `\noindent' ================ When used at the beginning of the paragraph, `\noindent' suppresses any @@ -3144,7 +3198,7 @@ paragraph.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \parskip, Next: Marginal notes, Prev: \noindent, Up: Making paragraphs -15.3 `\parskip' +16.3 `\parskip' =============== `\parskip' is a rubber length defining extra vertical space added before @@ -3153,7 +3207,7 @@ each paragraph. The default is `0pt plus1pt'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Marginal notes, Prev: \parskip, Up: Making paragraphs -15.4 Marginal notes +16.4 Marginal notes =================== Synopsis: @@ -3205,7 +3259,7 @@ from falling off the bottom of the page.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Math formulas, Next: Modes, Prev: Making paragraphs, Up: Top -16 Math formulas +17 Math formulas **************** There are three environments that put LaTeX in math mode: @@ -3255,7 +3309,7 @@ summations. For example  File: latex2e.info, Node: Subscripts & superscripts, Next: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas -16.1 Subscripts & superscripts +17.1 Subscripts & superscripts ============================== To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type @@ -3267,7 +3321,7 @@ subscript and a superscript.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Math symbols, Next: Math functions, Prev: Subscripts & superscripts, Up: Math formulas -16.2 Math symbols +17.2 Math symbols ================= LaTeX provides almost any mathematical symbol you're likely to need. The @@ -3906,7 +3960,7 @@ symbol (\pi) in your output.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Math functions, Next: Math accents, Prev: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas -16.3 Math functions +17.3 Math functions =================== These commands produce roman function names in math mode with proper @@ -4017,7 +4071,7 @@ spacing.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Math accents, Next: Spacing in math mode, Prev: Math functions, Up: Math formulas -16.4 Math accents +17.4 Math accents ================= LaTeX provides a variety of commands for producing accented letters in @@ -4069,7 +4123,7 @@ Accents::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: Spacing in math mode, Next: Math miscellany, Prev: Math accents, Up: Math formulas -16.5 Spacing in math mode +17.5 Spacing in math mode ========================= In a `math' environment, LaTeX ignores the spaces you type and puts in @@ -4093,7 +4147,7 @@ math mode:  File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas -16.6 Math miscellany +17.6 Math miscellany ==================== `\*' @@ -4146,7 +4200,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Ma  File: latex2e.info, Node: Modes, Next: Page styles, Prev: Math formulas, Up: Top -17 Modes +18 Modes ******** When LaTeX is processing your input text, it is always in one of three @@ -4187,7 +4241,7 @@ called "outer paragraph mode".  File: latex2e.info, Node: Page styles, Next: Spaces, Prev: Modes, Up: Top -18 Page styles +19 Page styles ************** The `\documentclass' command determines the size and position of the @@ -4203,7 +4257,7 @@ page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \maketitle, Next: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles -18.1 `\maketitle' +19.1 `\maketitle' ================= The `\maketitle' command generates a title on a separate title @@ -4232,7 +4286,7 @@ obtained from the following declarations:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagenumbering, Next: \pagestyle, Prev: \maketitle, Up: Page styles -18.2 `\pagenumbering' +19.2 `\pagenumbering' ===================== Synopsis: @@ -4259,7 +4313,7 @@ Synopsis:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagestyle, Next: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles -18.3 `\pagestyle' +19.3 `\pagestyle' ================= Synopsis: @@ -4298,7 +4352,7 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagestyle, Up: Page styles -18.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}' +19.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}' ============================ The `\thispagestyle' command works in the same manner as the @@ -4308,7 +4362,7 @@ STYLE for the current page only.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Spaces, Next: Boxes, Prev: Page styles, Up: Top -19 Spaces +20 Spaces ********* LaTeX has many ways to produce white (or filled) space. @@ -4338,7 +4392,7 @@ Vertical space  File: latex2e.info, Node: \hspace, Next: \hfill, Up: Spaces -19.1 `\hspace' +20.1 `\hspace' ============== Synopsis: @@ -4356,7 +4410,7 @@ or end of a line. To preserve this space, use the optional `*' form.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \hfill, Next: \SPACE, Prev: \hspace, Up: Spaces -19.2 `\hfill' +20.2 `\hfill' ============= The `\hfill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which has no @@ -4369,7 +4423,7 @@ glue value `0pt plus1fill'); thus, `\hspace\fill' is equivalent to  File: latex2e.info, Node: \SPACE, Next: \AT, Prev: \hfill, Up: Spaces -19.3 `\SPACE' +20.3 `\SPACE' ============= The `\ ' (space) command produces a normal interword space. It's useful @@ -4383,7 +4437,7 @@ used after control sequences, as in `\TeX\ is a nice system.'  File: latex2e.info, Node: \AT, Next: \thinspace, Prev: \SPACE, Up: Spaces -19.4 `\@' +20.4 `\@' ========= The `\@' command makes the following punctuation character end a @@ -4400,7 +4454,7 @@ produces  File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinspace, Next: \/, Prev: \AT, Up: Spaces -19.5 `\thinspace' +20.5 `\thinspace' ================= `\thinspace' produces an unbreakable and unstretchable space that is 1/6 @@ -4409,7 +4463,7 @@ of an em. This is the proper space to use in nested quotes, as in '".  File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hrulefill, Prev: \thinspace, Up: Spaces -19.6 `\/' +20.6 `\/' ========= The `\/' command produces an "italic correction". This is a small space @@ -4430,7 +4484,7 @@ after the `f') with pdfTeX.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \hrulefill, Next: \dotfill, Prev: \/, Up: Spaces -19.7 `\hrulefill' +20.7 `\hrulefill' ================= The `\hrulefill' fill command produces a "rubber length" which can @@ -4440,7 +4494,7 @@ rule.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \dotfill, Next: \addvspace, Prev: \hrulefill, Up: Spaces -19.8 `\dotfill' +20.8 `\dotfill' =============== The `\dotfill' command produces a "rubber length" that fills with dots @@ -4449,7 +4503,7 @@ instead of just white space.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addvspace, Next: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Prev: \dotfill, Up: Spaces -19.9 `\addvspace' +20.9 `\addvspace' ================= `\addvspace{length}' @@ -4463,7 +4517,7 @@ of the total vertical space equal to `length'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Next: \vfill, Prev: \addvspace, Up: Spaces -19.10 `\bigskip \medskip \smallskip' +20.10 `\bigskip \medskip \smallskip' ==================================== These commands produce a given amount of space. @@ -4485,7 +4539,7 @@ These commands produce a given amount of space.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \vfill, Next: \vspace, Prev: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip, Up: Spaces -19.11 `\vfill' +20.11 `\vfill' ============== The `\vfill' fill command produces a rubber length (glue) which can @@ -4495,7 +4549,7 @@ stretch or shrink vertically as far as needed. It's equivalent to  File: latex2e.info, Node: \vspace, Prev: \vfill, Up: Spaces -19.12 `\vspace[*]{LENGTH}' +20.12 `\vspace[*]{LENGTH}' ========================== Synopsis: @@ -4512,7 +4566,7 @@ not removed.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Boxes, Next: Special insertions, Prev: Spaces, Up: Top -20 Boxes +21 Boxes ******** All the predefined length parameters (*note Predefined lengths::) can be @@ -4533,7 +4587,7 @@ used in the arguments of the box-making commands.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \mbox, Next: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes -20.1 `\mbox{TEXT}' +21.1 `\mbox{TEXT}' ================== The `\mbox' command creates a box just wide enough to hold the text @@ -4543,7 +4597,7 @@ be used to prevent hyphenation.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \fbox and \framebox, Next: lrbox, Prev: \mbox, Up: Boxes -20.2 `\fbox' and `\framebox' +21.2 `\fbox' and `\framebox' ============================ Synopses: @@ -4568,7 +4622,7 @@ rule and the contents of the box.  File: latex2e.info, Node: lrbox, Next: \makebox, Prev: \fbox and \framebox, Up: Boxes -20.3 `lrbox' +21.3 `lrbox' ============ `\begin{lrbox}{cmd} text \end{lrbox}' @@ -4581,7 +4635,7 @@ have been declared with `\newsavebox'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \makebox, Next: \parbox, Prev: lrbox, Up: Boxes -20.4 `\makebox' +21.4 `\makebox' =============== Synopsis: @@ -4612,7 +4666,7 @@ optional POSITION argument, which may take the following values:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \parbox, Next: \raisebox, Prev: \makebox, Up: Boxes -20.5 `\parbox' +21.5 `\parbox' ============== Synopsis: @@ -4659,7 +4713,7 @@ box, as follows; if it is not specified, POSITION is used.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \raisebox, Next: \savebox, Prev: \parbox, Up: Boxes -20.6 `\raisebox' +21.6 `\raisebox' ================ Synopsis: @@ -4678,7 +4732,7 @@ depth.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \savebox, Next: \sbox, Prev: \raisebox, Up: Boxes -20.7 `\savebox' +21.7 `\savebox' =============== Synopsis: @@ -4693,7 +4747,7 @@ it in the box labeled \BOXCMD, which must have been declared with  File: latex2e.info, Node: \sbox, Next: \usebox, Prev: \savebox, Up: Boxes -20.8 `\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}' +21.8 `\sbox{\BOXCMD}{TEXT}' =========================== Synopsis: @@ -4708,7 +4762,7 @@ previously declared with `\newsavebox' (*note \newsavebox::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: \usebox, Prev: \sbox, Up: Boxes -20.9 `\usebox{\BOXCMD' +21.9 `\usebox{\BOXCMD' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -4721,7 +4775,7 @@ Synopsis:  File: latex2e.info, Node: Special insertions, Next: Splitting the input, Prev: Boxes, Up: Top -21 Special insertions +22 Special insertions ********************* LaTeX provides commands for inserting characters that have a special @@ -4739,7 +4793,7 @@ meaning do not correspond to simple characters you can type.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Reserved characters, Next: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions -21.1 Reserved characters +22.1 Reserved characters ======================== The following characters play a special role in LaTeX and are called @@ -4773,7 +4827,7 @@ with `"', so the previous example could also be written as  File: latex2e.info, Node: Text symbols, Next: Accents, Prev: Reserved characters, Up: Special insertions -21.2 Text symbols +22.2 Text symbols ================= LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in @@ -4904,9 +4958,6 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package. `\textordmasculine' Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: a, o. -`\textordfeminine' - Feminine ordinal symbol: (R). - `\textperiodcentered' Centered period: \cdot. @@ -4942,7 +4993,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package. Trademark symbol: ^{\hbox{TM}}. `\texttwelveudash' - Xx 12u-. + "Two-thirds" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. `\textunderscore' Underscore: _. @@ -4953,7 +5004,7 @@ available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Accents, Next: Non-English characters, Prev: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions -21.3 Accents +22.3 Accents ============ LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages, @@ -5050,7 +5101,7 @@ capital letters. These are not available with OT1.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Non-English characters, Next: \rule, Prev: Accents, Up: Special insertions -21.4 Non-English characters +22.4 Non-English characters =========================== Here are the basic LaTeX commands for inserting characters commonly used @@ -5103,7 +5154,7 @@ in languages other than English.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \rule, Next: \today, Prev: Non-English characters, Up: Special insertions -21.5 `\rule' +22.5 `\rule' ============ Synopsis: @@ -5125,7 +5176,7 @@ THICKNESS  File: latex2e.info, Node: \today, Prev: \rule, Up: Special insertions -21.6 `\today' +22.6 `\today' ============= The `\today' command produces today's date, in the format `MONTH DD, @@ -5139,7 +5190,7 @@ other date formats.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Splitting the input, Next: Front/back matter, Prev: Special insertions, Up: Top -22 Splitting the input +23 Splitting the input ********************** A large document requires a lot of input. Rather than putting the whole @@ -5157,7 +5208,7 @@ when you run LaTeX.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \include, Next: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input -22.1 `\include' +23.1 `\include' =============== Synopsis: @@ -5178,7 +5229,7 @@ read by another `\include' command.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \includeonly, Next: \input, Prev: \include, Up: Splitting the input -22.2 \`includeonly' +23.2 \`includeonly' =================== Synopsis: @@ -5195,7 +5246,7 @@ comma-separated. Each FILE must exactly match a filename specified in a  File: latex2e.info, Node: \input, Prev: \includeonly, Up: Splitting the input -22.3 \input +23.3 \input =========== Synopsis: @@ -5213,7 +5264,7 @@ is not found, the original FILE is tried (`foo' or `foo.bar').  File: latex2e.info, Node: Front/back matter, Next: Letters, Prev: Splitting the input, Up: Top -23 Front/back matter +24 Front/back matter ******************** * Menu: @@ -5225,7 +5276,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Front/back matter, Next: Letters, Prev: Splitting t  File: latex2e.info, Node: Tables of contents, Next: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter -23.1 Tables of contents +24.1 Tables of contents ======================= A table of contents is produced with the `\tableofcontents' command. @@ -5253,7 +5304,7 @@ of these lists from being generated.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addcontentsline, Next: \addtocontents, Up: Tables of contents -23.1.1 \addcontentsline +24.1.1 \addcontentsline ----------------------- The `\addcontentsline'{EXT}{UNIT}{TEXT} command adds an entry to the @@ -5287,7 +5338,7 @@ ENTRY  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtocontents, Prev: \addcontentsline, Up: Tables of contents -23.1.2 \addtocontents +24.1.2 \addtocontents --------------------- The `\addtocontents'{EXT}{TEXT} command adds text (or formatting @@ -5305,7 +5356,7 @@ TEXT  File: latex2e.info, Node: Glossaries, Next: Indexes, Prev: Tables of contents, Up: Front/back matter -23.2 Glossaries +24.2 Glossaries =============== The command `\makeglossary' enables creating glossaries. @@ -5323,7 +5374,7 @@ glossaries.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Indexes, Prev: Glossaries, Up: Front/back matter -23.3 Indexes +24.3 Indexes ============ The command `\makeindex' enables creating indexes. Put this in the @@ -5366,7 +5417,7 @@ FAQ entry on this topic,  File: latex2e.info, Node: Letters, Next: Terminal input/output, Prev: Front/back matter, Up: Top -24 Letters +25 Letters ********** You can use LaTeX to typeset letters, both personal and business. The @@ -5421,7 +5472,7 @@ separate the items.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \address, Next: \cc, Up: Letters -24.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS} +25.1 \address{RETURN-ADDRESS} ============================= The `\address' specifies the return address of a letter, as it should @@ -5437,7 +5488,7 @@ personal letter.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \cc, Next: \closing, Prev: \address, Up: Letters -24.2 `\cc' +25.2 `\cc' ========== Synopsis: @@ -5450,7 +5501,7 @@ printed on a separate line.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \closing, Next: \encl, Prev: \cc, Up: Letters -24.3 `\closing' +25.3 `\closing' =============== Synopsis: @@ -5463,7 +5514,7 @@ Synopsis:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \encl, Next: \location, Prev: \closing, Up: Letters -24.4 `\encl' +25.4 `\encl' ============ Synopsis: @@ -5475,7 +5526,7 @@ Synopsis:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \location, Next: \makelabels, Prev: \encl, Up: Letters -24.5 `\location' +25.5 `\location' ================ `\location{address}' @@ -5486,7 +5537,7 @@ appears if the `firstpage' pagestyle is selected.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \makelabels, Next: \name, Prev: \location, Up: Letters -24.6 `\makelabels' +25.6 `\makelabels' ================== `\makelabels{number}' @@ -5497,7 +5548,7 @@ of address labels. This sheet will be output before the letters.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \name, Next: \opening, Prev: \makelabels, Up: Letters -24.7 `\name' +25.7 `\name' ============ `\name{June Davenport}' @@ -5508,7 +5559,7 @@ address.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \opening, Next: \ps, Prev: \name, Up: Letters -24.8 `\opening{TEXT}' +25.8 `\opening{TEXT}' ===================== Synopsis: @@ -5523,7 +5574,7 @@ TEXT, is whatever text you wish to start your letter. For instance:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \ps, Next: \signature, Prev: \opening, Up: Letters -24.9 `\ps' +25.9 `\ps' ========== Use the `\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after @@ -5532,7 +5583,7 @@ Use the `\ps' command to start a postscript in a letter, after  File: latex2e.info, Node: \signature, Next: \startbreaks, Prev: \ps, Up: Letters -24.10 `\signature{TEXT}' +25.10 `\signature{TEXT}' ======================== Your name, as it should appear at the end of the letter underneath the @@ -5541,7 +5592,7 @@ space for your signature. `\\' starts a new line within TEXT as usual.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \startbreaks, Next: \stopbreaks, Prev: \signature, Up: Letters -24.11 `\startbreaks' +25.11 `\startbreaks' ==================== `\startbreaks' @@ -5551,7 +5602,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \startbreaks, Next: \stopbreaks, Prev: \signature,  File: latex2e.info, Node: \stopbreaks, Next: \telephone, Prev: \startbreaks, Up: Letters -24.12 `\stopbreaks' +25.12 `\stopbreaks' =================== `\stopbreaks' @@ -5561,7 +5612,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \stopbreaks, Next: \telephone, Prev: \startbreaks,  File: latex2e.info, Node: \telephone, Prev: \stopbreaks, Up: Letters -24.13 `\telephone' +25.13 `\telephone' ================== `\telephone{number}' @@ -5572,7 +5623,7 @@ pagestyle is selected.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Terminal input/output, Next: Command line, Prev: Letters, Up: Top -25 Terminal input/output +26 Terminal input/output ************************ * Menu: @@ -5583,7 +5634,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Terminal input/output, Next: Command line, Prev: Le  File: latex2e.info, Node: \typein, Next: \typeout, Up: Terminal input/output -25.1 `\typein[CMD]{MSG}' +26.1 `\typein[CMD]{MSG}' ======================== Synopsis: @@ -5600,7 +5651,7 @@ command name is then defined or redefined to be the typed input.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \typeout, Prev: \typein, Up: Terminal input/output -25.2 `\typeout{MSG}' +26.2 `\typeout{MSG}' ==================== Synopsis: @@ -5619,7 +5670,7 @@ surrounding spaces. A `^^J' in `msg' prints a newline.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Command line, Next: Document templates, Prev: Terminal input/output, Up: Top -26 Command line +27 Command line *************** The input file specification indicates the file to be formatted; TeX @@ -5642,7 +5693,8 @@ Appendix A Document templates ***************************** Although not reference material, perhaps these document templates will -be useful. +be useful. Additional templates are collected at +`http://www.howtotex.com/templates'. * Menu: @@ -5824,18 +5876,20 @@ Concept Index (line 11) * arrays, math: array. (line 5) * arrow, left, in text: Text symbols. (line 128) -* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 163) +* arrow, right, in text: Text symbols. (line 160) * ascender height: Text symbols. (line 96) * ASCII circumflex, in text: Text symbols. (line 61) * ASCII tilde, in text: Text symbols. (line 64) * asterisk, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 67) * author, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 12) +* auxiliary file: Overview. (line 45) * backslash, in text: Text symbols. (line 70) * bar, double vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 76) * bar, vertical, in text: Text symbols. (line 73) * bar-over accent: Accents. (line 29) * bar-over accent, math: Math accents. (line 14) * bar-under accent: Accents. (line 46) +* basics of LaTeX: Overview. (line 7) * bibliography, creating (automatically): Using BibTeX. (line 5) * bibliography, creating (manually): thebibliography. (line 5) * bibTeX, using: Using BibTeX. (line 5) @@ -5851,16 +5905,18 @@ Concept Index * breaking pages: Page breaking. (line 5) * breve accent: Accents. (line 85) * breve accent, math: Math accents. (line 17) +* bug reporting: About this document. (line 11) * bullet symbol: Math symbols. (line 87) * bullet, in text: Text symbols. (line 88) * bulleted lists: itemize. (line 5) * calligraphic letters for math: Font styles. (line 87) * cap height: Text symbols. (line 96) * caron accent: Accents. (line 95) +* case sensitivity of LaTeX: Overview. (line 55) * cc list, in letters: \cc. (line 5) * cedilla accent: Accents. (line 50) * centered asterisk, in text: Text symbols. (line 67) -* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 138) +* centered period, in text: Text symbols. (line 135) * centering text, declaration for: \centering. (line 5) * centering text, environment for: center. (line 5) * characters, accented: Accents. (line 5) @@ -5935,17 +5991,18 @@ Concept Index * double dagger, in text <1>: Text symbols. (line 104) * double dot accent, math: Math accents. (line 23) * double guillemets: Text symbols. (line 27) -* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 144) +* double left quote: Text symbols. (line 141) * double low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 49) -* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 157) -* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 147) +* double quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 154) +* double right quote: Text symbols. (line 144) * double spacing: Low-level font commands. (line 63) * double vertical bar, in text: Text symbols. (line 76) * e-dash: Text symbols. (line 113) * ellipsis: Text symbols. (line 33) * em-dash: Text symbols. (line 110) -* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 166) +* em-dash, three-quarters: Text symbols. (line 163) +* em-dash, two-thirds: Text symbols. (line 169) * emphasis: Font styles. (line 26) * emphasis <1>: Font styles. (line 90) * enclosure list: \encl. (line 5) @@ -5967,7 +6024,6 @@ Concept Index * exponent: Subscripts & superscripts. (line 5) * feminine ordinal symbol: Text symbols. (line 132) -* feminine ordinal symbol <1>: Text symbols. (line 135) * figure number, cross referencing: \ref. (line 5) * figures, footnotes in: minipage. (line 20) * figures, inserting: figure. (line 5) @@ -6031,12 +6087,12 @@ Concept Index * italic font: Font styles. (line 93) * justification, ragged left: \raggedleft. (line 5) * justification, ragged right: \raggedright. (line 5) -* Knuth, Donald E.: Top. (line 9) +* Knuth, Donald E.: About this document. (line 5) * labelled lists, creating: description. (line 5) -* Lamport, Leslie: Top. (line 9) +* Lamport, Leslie: About this document. (line 5) * LaTeX logo: Text symbols. (line 21) -* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 5) -* LaTeX Project team: Top. (line 9) +* LaTeX overview: Overview. (line 7) +* LaTeX Project team: About this document. (line 5) * layout commands: Layout. (line 5) * layout, page parameters for: Page layout parameters. (line 5) @@ -6044,8 +6100,8 @@ Concept Index * left arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 128) * left brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 82) * left quote: Text symbols. (line 37) -* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 144) -* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 150) +* left quote, double: Text symbols. (line 141) +* left quote, single: Text symbols. (line 147) * left-justifying text: \raggedright. (line 5) * left-justifying text, environment for: flushleft. (line 5) * left-to-right mode: Modes. (line 5) @@ -6076,12 +6132,14 @@ Concept Index * lists of items, numbered: enumerate. (line 5) * loading additional packages: Document class options. (line 73) +* log file: Overview. (line 41) * logo, LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 21) * logo, TeX: Text symbols. (line 58) * low-9 quotation marks, single and double: Text symbols. (line 49) * low-level font commands: Low-level font commands. (line 5) * lR mode: Modes. (line 5) +* LuaTeX: Overview. (line 32) * macron accent: Accents. (line 29) * macron accent, math: Math accents. (line 14) * making a title page: titlepage. (line 5) @@ -6132,7 +6190,7 @@ Concept Index (line 39) * overbar accent: Accents. (line 29) * overdot accent, math: Math accents. (line 26) -* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 5) +* overview of LaTeX: Overview. (line 7) * packages, loading: Document class options. (line 73) * page break, forcing: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak. @@ -6154,7 +6212,8 @@ Concept Index * parameters, for footnotes: Footnote parameters. (line 5) * parameters, page layout: Page layout parameters. (line 5) -* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 138) +* pdfTeX: Overview. (line 26) +* period, centered, in text: Text symbols. (line 135) * pictures, creating: picture. (line 5) * pilcrow: Text symbols. (line 41) * poetry, an environment for: verse. (line 5) @@ -6165,9 +6224,9 @@ Concept Index * preamble, defined: Starting & ending. (line 16) * predefined lengths: Predefined lengths. (line 5) * prompt, `*': Command line. (line 14) -* questionation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 141) +* questionation point, upside-down: Text symbols. (line 138) * quotation marks, French: Text symbols. (line 27) -* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 157) +* quote, straight base: Text symbols. (line 154) * quoted text with paragraph indentation, displaying: quotation. (line 5) * quoted text without paragraph indentation, displaying: quote. @@ -6178,15 +6237,16 @@ Concept Index * ragged right text, environment for: flushleft. (line 5) * redefining environments: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment. (line 5) -* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 160) +* registered symbol: Text symbols. (line 157) * remarks in the margin: Marginal notes. (line 5) +* reporting bugs: About this document. (line 11) * reserved characters: Reserved characters. (line 5) * right angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27) -* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 163) +* right arrow, in text: Text symbols. (line 160) * right brace, in text: Text symbols. (line 85) * right quote: Text symbols. (line 52) -* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 147) -* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 153) +* right quote, double: Text symbols. (line 144) +* right quote, single: Text symbols. (line 150) * right-justifying text: \raggedleft. (line 5) * right-justifying text, environment for: flushright. (line 5) * ring accent: Accents. (line 74) @@ -6207,9 +6267,9 @@ Concept Index * simulating typed text: verbatim. (line 5) * single angle quotation marks: Text symbols. (line 27) * single guillemets: Text symbols. (line 27) -* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 150) +* single left quote: Text symbols. (line 147) * single low-9 quotation mark: Text symbols. (line 49) -* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 153) +* single right quote: Text symbols. (line 150) * sizes of text: Font sizes. (line 5) * slanted font: Font styles. (line 105) * small caps font: Font styles. (line 99) @@ -6226,8 +6286,8 @@ Concept Index * starting a new page and clearing floats: \clearpage. (line 5) * starting on a right-hand page: \cleardoublepage. (line 5) * sterling symbol: Text symbols. (line 45) -* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 157) -* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 157) +* straight double quote, base: Text symbols. (line 154) +* straight quote, base: Text symbols. (line 154) * stretch, omitting vertical: \raggedbottom. (line 5) * styles of text: Font styles. (line 5) * styles, page: Page styles. (line 5) @@ -6249,7 +6309,7 @@ Concept Index * theorems, typesetting: theorem. (line 5) * thorn, Icelandic letter: Non-English characters. (line 51) -* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 166) +* three-quarters em-dash: Text symbols. (line 163) * tie-after accent: Accents. (line 80) * tilde accent: Accents. (line 43) * tilde accent, math: Math accents. (line 41) @@ -6257,8 +6317,10 @@ Concept Index * title pages, creating: titlepage. (line 5) * title, for titlepage: \maketitle. (line 26) * titles, making: \maketitle. (line 5) -* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 169) +* trademark symbol: Text symbols. (line 166) +* transcript file: Overview. (line 41) * two-column output: \twocolumn. (line 5) +* two-thirds em-dash: Text symbols. (line 169) * typed text, simulating: verbatim. (line 5) * typeface sizes: Font sizes. (line 5) * typeface styles: Font styles. (line 5) @@ -6267,7 +6329,7 @@ Concept Index * typewriter labels in lists: description. (line 17) * umlaut accent: Accents. (line 16) * underbar: Accents. (line 88) -* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 175) +* underscore, in text: Text symbols. (line 172) * unordered lists: itemize. (line 5) * using BibTeX: Using BibTeX. (line 5) * variables, a list of: Counters. (line 5) @@ -6279,9 +6341,10 @@ Concept Index * vertical space: \addvspace. (line 5) * vertical space before paragraphs: \parskip. (line 5) * visible space: \verb. (line 16) -* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 178) +* visible space symbol, in text: Text symbols. (line 175) * wide hat accent, math: Math accents. (line 47) * wide tile accent, math: Math accents. (line 50) +* XeTeX: Overview. (line 35)  File: latex2e.info, Node: Command Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top @@ -6293,13 +6356,22 @@ Command Index * Menu: * $: Math formulas. (line 25) +* .aux file: Overview. (line 45) +* .dvi file: Overview. (line 18) +* .log file: Overview. (line 41) +* .pdf file: Overview. (line 26) +* .toc file: Tables of contents. (line 5) * 10pt option: Document class options. (line 13) * 11pt option: Document class options. (line 13) * 12pt option: Document class options. (line 13) +* email address: About this document. + (line 11) * @{...}: array. (line 30) +* [...] for optional arguments: Overview. (line 50) +* \ character starting commands: Overview. (line 50) * \" (umlaut accent): Accents. (line 16) * \#: Reserved characters. (line 10) * \$: Reserved characters. (line 10) @@ -6588,6 +6660,8 @@ Command Index * \hookleftarrow: Math symbols. (line 200) * \hookrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 203) * \hrulefill: \hrulefill. (line 5) +* \hsize: Page layout parameters. + (line 56) * \hspace: \hspace. (line 5) * \huge: Font sizes. (line 10) * \Huge: Font sizes. (line 10) @@ -6985,40 +7059,39 @@ Command Index * \textfraction: figure. (line 74) * \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 121) * \textheight: Page layout parameters. - (line 27) + (line 29) * \textit: Font styles. (line 23) * \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 127) * \textless: Text symbols. (line 124) * \textmd: Font styles. (line 29) * \textnormal: Font styles. (line 50) * \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 130) -* \textordfeminine <1>: Text symbols. (line 134) * \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 131) * \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 40) -* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 137) -* \textquestiondown (or `?`'): Text symbols. (line 140) -* \textquotedblleft (or ```'): Text symbols. (line 143) -* \textquotedblright (or `''): Text symbols. (line 146) -* \textquoteleft (or ``'): Text symbols. (line 149) -* \textquoteright (or `''): Text symbols. (line 152) -* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 155) -* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 156) -* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 159) -* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 162) +* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 134) +* \textquestiondown (or `?`'): Text symbols. (line 137) +* \textquotedblleft (or ```'): Text symbols. (line 140) +* \textquotedblright (or `''): Text symbols. (line 143) +* \textquoteleft (or ``'): Text symbols. (line 146) +* \textquoteright (or `''): Text symbols. (line 149) +* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 152) +* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 153) +* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 156) +* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 159) * \textrm: Font styles. (line 20) * \textsc: Font styles. (line 44) * \textsf: Font styles. (line 41) * \textsl: Font styles. (line 38) * \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 44) -* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 165) -* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 168) +* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 162) +* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 165) * \texttt: Font styles. (line 47) -* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 171) -* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 174) +* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 168) +* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 171) * \textup: Font styles. (line 35) -* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 177) +* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 174) * \textwidth: Page layout parameters. - (line 34) + (line 36) * \th (th): Non-English characters. (line 51) * \TH (TH): Non-English characters. @@ -7038,10 +7111,10 @@ Command Index * \top: Math symbols. (line 552) * \topfraction: figure. (line 79) * \topmargin: Page layout parameters. - (line 40) + (line 60) * \topsep: itemize. (line 83) * \topskip: Page layout parameters. - (line 47) + (line 67) * \totalheight: Predefined lengths. (line 12) * \triangle: Math symbols. (line 555) * \triangleleft: Math symbols. (line 558) @@ -7133,6 +7206,7 @@ Command Index (line 5) * _: Subscripts & superscripts. (line 5) +* {...} for required arguments: Overview. (line 50) * a4paper option: Document class options. (line 18) * a5paper option: Document class options. @@ -7167,6 +7241,7 @@ Command Index * itemize environment: itemize. (line 5) * landscape option: Document class options. (line 23) +* latex command: Overview. (line 18) * legalpaper option: Document class options. (line 18) * leqno option: Document class options. @@ -7178,6 +7253,7 @@ Command Index * list: list. (line 5) * lR box: picture. (line 63) * lrbox: lrbox. (line 5) +* lualatex command: Overview. (line 32) * math environment: math. (line 5) * math environment <1>: Math formulas. (line 5) * minipage environment: minipage. (line 5) @@ -7193,6 +7269,7 @@ Command Index (line 23) * openright option: Document class options. (line 48) +* pdflatex command: Overview. (line 26) * picture: picture. (line 5) * printindex: Indexes. (line 27) * quotation: quotation. (line 5) @@ -7215,212 +7292,214 @@ Command Index (line 48) * verbatim environment: verbatim. (line 5) * verse environment: verse. (line 5) +* xelatex command: Overview. 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