From 26fdacbc0d1cddffe387bb382f35672e1ee5d446 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Karl Berry Date: Wed, 14 Jul 2010 16:33:09 +0000 Subject: latex2e-help-texinfo jul10 (12jul10) git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@19442 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751 --- Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info | 1685 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------- 1 file changed, 1051 insertions(+), 634 deletions(-) (limited to 'Master/texmf/doc') diff --git a/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info b/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info index 4802f6726e1..f803718a680 100644 --- a/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info +++ b/Master/texmf/doc/info/latex2e.info @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ This is latex2e.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.13 from latex2e.texi. This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document -preparation system, version as of September 2009. +preparation system, version of July 2010. This was originally translated from `LATEX.HLP' v1.0a in the VMS Help Library. The pre-translation version was written by George D. @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ L. Botway and C. Biemesderfer (published by the TeX Users Group as `TeXniques' number 10), as reference material (text was not directly copied). - Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009 Karl Berry. + Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Karl Berry. Copyright (C) 1988, 1994, 2007 Stephen Gilmore. Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996 Torsten Martinsen. @@ -44,9 +44,8 @@ LaTeX2e ******* This document is an unofficial reference manual for LaTeX, a document -preparation system, version as of September 2009. It is intended to -cover LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many -years. +preparation system, version as of July 2010. It is intended to cover +LaTeX2e, which has been the standard version of LaTeX for many years. LaTeX is implemented as a macro package for Donald E. Knuth's TeX typesetting program. LaTeX was originally created by Leslie Lamport; @@ -74,18 +73,18 @@ unofficial and has not been reviewed by the LaTeX maintainers. * Making paragraphs:: Paragraph commands. * Math formulas:: How to create mathematical formulas. * Modes:: Paragraph, Math or LR modes. -* Page Styles:: Various styles of page layout. +* Page styles:: Various styles of page layout. * Spaces:: Horizontal and vertical space. * Boxes:: Making boxes. * Special insertions:: Inserting reserved and special characters. * Splitting the input:: Dealing with big files by splitting. * Front/back matter:: Tables of contents, glossaries, indexes. * Letters:: The letter class. -* Terminal Input/Output:: User interaction. -* Command Line:: System-independent command-line behavior. +* Terminal input/output:: User interaction. +* Command line:: System-independent command-line behavior. * Document templates:: Starter templates for various document classes. -* Command Index:: Alphabetical list of LaTeX commands. * Concept Index:: General index. +* Command Index:: Alphabetical list of LaTeX commands.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Overview, Next: Starting & ending, Prev: Top, Up: Top @@ -485,15 +484,21 @@ ones. the `setspace' package; see `http://www.tex.ac.uk/cgi-bin/texfaq2html?label=linespace'. -`\selectfont' - The changes made by calling the four font commands described above - do not come into effect until `\selectfont' is called. +`\linespread{FACTOR}' + Equivalent to `\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{FACTOR}', and + therefore must be followed by `\selectfont' to have any effect. + Best specified in the preamble, or use the `setspace' package, as + described just above. + + The changes made by calling the font commands described above do + not come into effect until `\selectfont' is called. `\usefont{enc}{family}{series}{shape}' The same as invoking `\fontencoding', `\fontfamily', `\fontseries' and `\fontshape' with the given parameters, followed by `\selectfont'. +  File: latex2e.info, Node: Layout, Next: Sectioning, Prev: Typefaces, Up: Top @@ -696,6 +701,14 @@ is something like \appendix \chapter{The First Appendix} + The `secnumdepth' counter controls printing of section numbers. The +setting + + \setcounter{secnumdepth}{LEVEL} + +suppresses heading numbers at any depth > LEVEL, where `chapter' is +level zero. (*Note \setcounter::.) +  File: latex2e.info, Node: Cross references, Next: Environments, Prev: Sectioning, Up: Top @@ -966,6 +979,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: displaymath, Next: document, Prev: description, Up ================= Synopsis: + \begin{displaymath} MATH \end{displaymath} @@ -1974,7 +1988,7 @@ except for the last, where it is optional--unless an `\hline' command This inserts TEXT in every row. An @-expression suppresses the intercolumn space normally inserted between columns; any desired space between the inserted text and the adjacent - items must be included in text. An `\extracolsep{wd}' + items must be included in TEXT. An `\extracolsep{wd}' command in an @-expression causes an extra space of width `wd' to appear to the left of all subsequent columns, until countermanded by another `\extracolsep' command. Unlike @@ -2321,11 +2335,236 @@ not indented, and the text is not justified. Separate the lines of each stanza with `\\', and use one or more blank lines to separate the stanzas. + +File: latex2e.info, Node: Line breaking, Next: Page breaking, Prev: Environments, Up: Top + +9 Line breaking +*************** + +The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to +translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To +produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines +(and these lines must be broken into pages). + + LaTeX usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in some +environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the `\\' command, +and you can always manually force breaks. + +* Menu: + +* \\:: Start a new line. +* \obeycr & \restorecr:: Make each input line start a new output line. +* \newline:: Break the line +* \- (hyphenation):: Insert explicit hyphenation. +* \fussy:: Be fussy about line breaking. +* \sloppy:: Be sloppy about line breaking. +* \hyphenation:: Tell LaTeX how to hyphenate a word. +* \linebreak & \nolinebreak:: Forcing & avoiding line breaks. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \\, Next: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking + +9.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE] +====================== + +The `\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line. It has an optional +argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to +be inserted before the next line. This can be a negative amount. + + The `\\*' command is the same as the ordinary `\\' command except +that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \obeycr & \restorecr, Next: \newline, Prev: \\, Up: Line breaking + +9.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr' +============================ + +The `\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file (`^^M', +internally) the same as `\\' (followed by `\relax'). So each new line +in the input will also be a new line in the output. + + `\restorecr' restores normal line-breaking behavior. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \newline, Next: \- (hyphenation), Prev: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking + +9.3 `\newline' +============== + +The `\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no +stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph +mode. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \- (hyphenation), Next: \fussy, Prev: \newline, Up: Line breaking + +9.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen) +=============================== + +The `\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that +point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find +most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an +incorrect one. The `\-' command is used for the exceptional cases. + + When you insert `\-' commands in a word, the word will only be +hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points +that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \fussy, Next: \sloppy, Prev: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking + +9.5 `\fussy' +============ + +The declaration `\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about +line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at +the cost of an occasional overfull box. + + This command cancels the effect of a previous `\sloppy' command +(*note \sloppy::. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \sloppy, Next: \hyphenation, Prev: \fussy, Up: Line breaking + +9.6 `\sloppy' +============= + +The declaration `\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. +This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing. + + Lasts until a `\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::). + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \hyphenation, Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \sloppy, Up: Line breaking + +9.7 `\hyphenation' +================== + +Synopsis: + + \hyphenation{WORD-ONE WORD-TWO} + + The `\hyphenation' command declares allowed hyphenation points with +a `-' character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces. +TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are +tried. Multiple `\hyphenation' commands accumulate. Some examples +(the default TeX hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these +words): + + \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases} + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking + +9.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak' +================================= + +Synopses: + + \linebreak[PRIORITY] + \nolinebreak[PRIORITY] + + By default, the `\linebreak' (`\nolinebreak') command forces +(prevents) a line break at the current position. For `\linebreak', the +spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right +margin as usual. + + With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the command +from a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4. +The higher the number, the more insistent the request. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: Page breaking, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Line breaking, Up: Top + +10 Page breaking +**************** + +LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has +accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but +sometimes you may want to influence the breaks. + +* Menu: + +* \cleardoublepage:: Start a new right-hand page. +* \clearpage:: Start a new page. +* \newpage:: Start a new page. +* \enlargethispage:: Enlarge the current page a bit. +* \pagebreak & \nopagebreak:: Forcing & avoiding page breaks. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \cleardoublepage, Next: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking + +10.1 `\cleardoublepage' +======================= + +The `\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all +figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. +In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand +(odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \clearpage, Next: \newpage, Prev: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking + +10.2 `\clearpage' +================= + +The `\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures +and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \newpage, Next: \enlargethispage, Prev: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking + +10.3 `\newpage' +=============== + +The `\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats +(see `\clearpage' above). + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \enlargethispage, Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \newpage, Up: Page breaking + +10.4 `\enlargethispage' +======================= + +`\enlargethispage{size}' + + `\enlargethispage*{size}' + + Enlarge the `\textheight' for the current page by the specified +amount; e.g. `\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}' will allow one +additional line. + + The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page +as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit +`\pagebreak'. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking + +10.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak' +================================== + +Synopses: + + \pagebreak[PRIORITY] + \nopagebreak[PRIORITY] + + By default, the `\pagebreak' (`\nopagebreak') command forces +(prevents) a page break at the current position. For `\linebreak', the +vertical space on the page is stretched out where possible so that it +extends to the normal bottom margin. + + With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the +`\pagebreak' command from a demand to a request. The number must be a +number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the +request is. +  File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnotes, Next: Definitions, Prev: Page breaking, Up: Top -9 Footnotes -*********** +11 Footnotes +************ Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with one command, the `\footnote' command. They can also be produced @@ -2336,13 +2575,14 @@ with two commands, the `\footnotemark' and the `\footnotetext' commands. * \footnote:: Insert a footnote. * \footnotemark:: Insert footnote mark only. * \footnotetext:: Insert footnote text only. +* Symbolic footnotes:: Using symbols instead of numbers for footnotes. * Footnote parameters:: Parameters for footnote formatting.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnote, Next: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes -9.1 `\footnote' -=============== +11.1 `\footnote' +================ Synopsis: @@ -2359,8 +2599,8 @@ tables or in a `tabular' environment. (See following sections.)  File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotemark, Next: \footnotetext, Prev: \footnote, Up: Footnotes -9.2 `\footnotemark' -=================== +11.2 `\footnotemark' +==================== With no optional argument, the `\footnotemark' command puts the current footnote number in the text. This command can be used in inner @@ -2372,13 +2612,13 @@ markers referring to the same footnote with \footnotemark[\value{footnote}] - after the first `\footnote' command. +after the first `\footnote' command.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotetext, Next: Footnote parameters, Prev: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes +File: latex2e.info, Node: \footnotetext, Next: Symbolic footnotes, Prev: \footnotemark, Up: Footnotes -9.3 `\footnotetext' -=================== +11.3 `\footnotetext' +==================== Synopsis: @@ -2392,11 +2632,27 @@ mode. The optional argument NUMBER changes the default footnote number.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes +File: latex2e.info, Node: Symbolic footnotes, Next: Footnote parameters, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footnotes -9.4 Footnote parameters +11.4 Symbolic footnotes ======================= +If you want to use symbols for footnotes, rather than increasing +numbers, redefine `\thefootnote' like this: + + \renewcommand{\thefootnote}{\fnsymbol{footnote}} + + The `\fnsymbol' command produces a predefined series of symbols +(*note \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol::). If you want to +use a different symbol as your footnote mark, you'll need to also +redefine `\@fnsymbol'. + + +File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: Symbolic footnotes, Up: Footnotes + +11.5 Footnote parameters +======================== + `\footnoterule' Produces the rule separating the main text on a page from the page's footnotes. Default dimensions: `0.4pt' thick (or wide), and @@ -2414,7 +2670,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Footnote parameters, Prev: \footnotetext, Up: Footn  File: latex2e.info, Node: Definitions, Next: Counters, Prev: Footnotes, Up: Top -10 Definitions +12 Definitions ************** LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds. @@ -2433,7 +2689,7 @@ LaTeX has support for making new commands of many different kinds.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Next: \newcounter, Up: Definitions -10.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand' +12.1 `\newcommand' & `\renewcommand' ==================================== `\newcommand' and `\renewcommand' define and redefine a command, @@ -2469,7 +2725,7 @@ DEFN  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newcounter, Next: \newlength, Prev: \newcommand & \renewcommand, Up: Definitions -10.2 `\newcounter' +12.2 `\newcounter' ================== Synopsis: @@ -2487,7 +2743,7 @@ whenever COUNTERNAME is incremented.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newlength, Next: \newsavebox, Prev: \newcounter, Up: Definitions -10.3 `\newlength' +12.3 `\newlength' ================= Synopsis: @@ -2505,7 +2761,7 @@ and for more information about lengths in general.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newsavebox, Next: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Prev: \newlength, Up: Definitions -10.4 `\newsavebox' +12.4 `\newsavebox' ================== Synopsis: @@ -2518,7 +2774,7 @@ refer to a new bin for storing boxes.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Next: \newtheorem, Prev: \newsavebox, Up: Definitions -10.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment' +12.5 `\newenvironment' & `\renewenvironment' ============================================ Synopses: @@ -2557,7 +2813,7 @@ ENDDEF  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newtheorem, Next: \newfont, Prev: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment, Up: Definitions -10.6 `\newtheorem' +12.6 `\newtheorem' ================== \newtheorem{NEWENV}{LABEL}[WITHIN] @@ -2589,7 +2845,7 @@ WITHIN  File: latex2e.info, Node: \newfont, Next: \protect, Prev: \newtheorem, Up: Definitions -10.7 `\newfont' +12.7 `\newfont' =============== Synopsis: @@ -2606,7 +2862,7 @@ More commonly, fonts are defined in families through `.fd' files.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \protect, Prev: \newfont, Up: Definitions -10.8 `\protect' +12.8 `\protect' =============== Footnotes, line breaks, any command that has an optional argument, and @@ -2631,7 +2887,7 @@ be preceded by `\protect'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Counters, Next: Lengths, Prev: Definitions, Up: Top -11 Counters +13 Counters *********** Everything LaTeX numbers for you has a counter associated with it. The @@ -2661,7 +2917,7 @@ classes to control numbering.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Next: \usecounter, Up: Counters -11.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters +13.1 `\alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol': Printing counters ===================================================================== All of these commands take a single counter as an argument, for @@ -2696,7 +2952,7 @@ instance, `\alph{enumi}'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \usecounter, Next: \value, Prev: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol, Up: Counters -11.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}' +13.2 `\usecounter{COUNTER}' =========================== Synopsis: @@ -2710,7 +2966,7 @@ items.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \value, Next: \setcounter, Prev: \usecounter, Up: Counters -11.3 `\value{COUNTER}' +13.3 `\value{COUNTER}' ====================== Synopsis: @@ -2727,7 +2983,7 @@ anywhere LaTeX expects a number, for example:  File: latex2e.info, Node: \setcounter, Next: \addtocounter, Prev: \value, Up: Counters -11.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' +13.4 `\setcounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' ================================== Synopsis: @@ -2740,7 +2996,7 @@ argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtocounter, Next: \refstepcounter, Prev: \setcounter, Up: Counters -11.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' +13.5 `\addtocounter{COUNTER}{VALUE}' ==================================== The `\addtocounter' command increments COUNTER by the amount specified @@ -2749,7 +3005,7 @@ by the VALUE argument, which may be negative.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \refstepcounter, Next: \stepcounter, Prev: \addtocounter, Up: Counters -11.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}' +13.6 `\refstepcounter{COUNTER}' =============================== The `\refstepcounter' command works in the same way as `\stepcounter' @@ -2759,7 +3015,7 @@ to be the result of `\thecounter'.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \stepcounter, Next: \day \month \year, Prev: \refstepcounter, Up: Counters -11.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}' +13.7 `\stepcounter{COUNTER}' ============================ The `\stepcounter' command adds one to COUNTER and resets all @@ -2768,7 +3024,7 @@ subsidiary counters.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \day \month \year, Prev: \stepcounter, Up: Counters -11.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters +13.8 `\day \month \year': Predefined counters ============================================= LaTeX defines counters for the day of the month (`\day', 1-31), month @@ -2782,7 +3038,7 @@ current day (*note \today::).  File: latex2e.info, Node: Lengths, Next: Making paragraphs, Prev: Counters, Up: Top -12 Lengths +14 Lengths ********** A `length' is a measure of distance. Many LaTeX commands take a length @@ -2800,7 +3056,7 @@ as an argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \setlength, Next: \addtolength, Up: Lengths -12.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}' +14.1 `\setlength{\LEN}{VALUE}' ============================== The `\setlength' sets the value of \LEN to the VALUE argument, which @@ -2810,7 +3066,7 @@ can be expressed in any units that LaTeX understands, i.e., inches  File: latex2e.info, Node: \addtolength, Next: \settodepth, Prev: \setlength, Up: Lengths -12.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT} +14.2 \addtolength{\LEN}{AMOUNT} =============================== The `\addtolength' command increments a "length command" \LEN by the @@ -2819,7 +3075,7 @@ amount specified in the AMOUNT argument, which may be negative.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \settodepth, Next: \settoheight, Prev: \addtolength, Up: Lengths -12.3 `\settodepth' +14.3 `\settodepth' ================== `\settodepth{\gnat}{text}' @@ -2830,7 +3086,7 @@ to the depth of the `text' argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \settoheight, Next: \settowidth, Prev: \settodepth, Up: Lengths -12.4 `\settoheight' +14.4 `\settoheight' =================== `\settoheight{\gnat}{text}' @@ -2841,7 +3097,7 @@ equal to the height of the `text' argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: \settowidth, Next: Predefined lengths, Prev: \settoheight, Up: Lengths -12.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}' +14.5 `\settowidth{\LEN}{TEXT}' ============================== The `\settowidth' command sets the value of the command \LEN to the @@ -2850,7 +3106,7 @@ width of the TEXT argument.  File: latex2e.info, Node: Predefined lengths, Prev: \settowidth, Up: Lengths -12.6 Predefined lengths +14.6 Predefined lengths ======================= `\width' @@ -2869,231 +3125,6 @@ size, e.g., say `\makebox[2\width]{Get a stretcher}' - -File: latex2e.info, Node: Line breaking, Next: Page breaking, Prev: Environments, Up: Top - -13 Line breaking -**************** - -The first thing LaTeX does when processing ordinary text is to -translate your input file into a sequence of glyphs and spaces. To -produce a printed document, this sequence must be broken into lines -(and these lines must be broken into pages). - - LaTeX usually does the line (and page) breaking for you, but in some -environments, you do the line breaking yourself with the `\\' command, -and you can always manually force breaks. - -* Menu: - -* \\:: Start a new line. -* \obeycr & \restorecr:: Make each input line start a new output line. -* \newline:: Break the line -* \- (hyphenation):: Insert explicit hyphenation. -* \fussy:: Be fussy about line breaking. -* \hyphenation:: Tell LaTeX how to hyphenate a word. -* \linebreak & \nolinebreak:: Forcing & avoiding line breaks. -* \sloppy:: Be sloppy about line breaking. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \\, Next: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking - -13.1 `\\'[*][MORESPACE] -======================= - -The `\\' command tells LaTeX to start a new line. It has an optional -argument, MORESPACE, that specifies how much extra vertical space is to -be inserted before the next line. This can be a negative amount. - - The `\\*' command is the same as the ordinary `\\' command except -that it tells LaTeX not to start a new page after the line. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \obeycr & \restorecr, Next: \newline, Prev: \\, Up: Line breaking - -13.2 `\obeycr' & `\restorecr' -============================= - -The `\obeycr' command makes a return in the input file (`^^M', -internally) the same as `\\' (followed by `\relax'). So each new line -in the input will also be a new line in the output. - - `\restorecr' restores normal line-breaking behavior. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \newline, Next: \- (hyphenation), Prev: \obeycr & \restorecr, Up: Line breaking - -13.3 `\newline' -=============== - -The `\newline' command breaks the line at the present point, with no -stretching of the text before it. It can only be used in paragraph -mode. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \- (hyphenation), Next: \fussy, Prev: \newline, Up: Line breaking - -13.4 `\-' (discretionary hyphen) -================================ - -The `\-' command tells LaTeX that it may hyphenate the word at that -point. LaTeX is very good at hyphenating, and it will usually find -most of the correct hyphenation points, and almost never use an -incorrect one. The `\-' command is used for the exceptional cases. - - When you insert `\-' commands in a word, the word will only be -hyphenated at those points and not at any of the hyphenation points -that LaTeX might otherwise have chosen. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \fussy, Next: \hyphenation, Prev: \- (hyphenation), Up: Line breaking - -13.5 `\fussy' -============= - -The declaration `\fussy' (which is the default) makes TeX picky about -line breaking. This usually avoids too much space between words, at -the cost of an occasional overfull box. - - This command cancels the effect of a previous `\sloppy' command -(*note \sloppy::. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \sloppy, Prev: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Up: Line breaking - -13.6 `\sloppy' -============== - -The declaration `\sloppy' makes TeX less fussy about line breaking. -This will avoid overfull boxes, at the cost of loose interword spacing. - - Lasts until a `\fussy' command is issued (*note \fussy::). - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \hyphenation, Next: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Prev: \fussy, Up: Line breaking - -13.7 `\hyphenation' -=================== - -Synopsis: - - \hyphenation{WORD-ONE WORD-TWO} - - The `\hyphenation' command declares allowed hyphenation points with -a `-' character in the given words. The words are separated by spaces. -TeX will only hyphenate if the word matches exactly, no inflections are -tried. Multiple `\hyphenation' commands accumulate. Some examples -(the default TeX hyphenation patterns misses the hyphenations in these -words): - - \hyphenation{ap-pen-dix col-umns data-base data-bases} - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak, Next: \sloppy, Prev: \hyphenation, Up: Line breaking - -13.8 `\linebreak' & `\nolinebreak' -================================== - -Synopses: - - \linebreak[PRIORITY] - \nolinebreak[PRIORITY] - - By default, the `\linebreak' (`\nolinebreak') command forces -(prevents) a line break at the current position. For `\linebreak', the -spaces in the line are stretched out so that it extends to the right -margin as usual. - - With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the command -from a demand to a request. The PRIORITY must be a number from 0 to 4. -The higher the number, the more insistent the request. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: Page breaking, Next: Footnotes, Prev: Line breaking, Up: Top - -14 Page breaking -**************** - -LaTeX starts new pages asynchronously, when enough material has -accumulated to fill up a page. Usually this happens automatically, but -sometimes you may want to influence the breaks. - -* Menu: - -* \cleardoublepage:: Start a new right-hand page. -* \clearpage:: Start a new page. -* \newpage:: Start a new page. -* \enlargethispage:: Enlarge the current page a bit. -* \pagebreak & \nopagebreak:: Forcing & avoiding page breaks. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \cleardoublepage, Next: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking - -14.1 `\cleardoublepage' -======================= - -The `\cleardoublepage' command ends the current page and causes all -figures and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. -In a two-sided printing style, it also makes the next page a right-hand -(odd-numbered) page, producing a blank page if necessary. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \clearpage, Next: \newpage, Prev: \cleardoublepage, Up: Page breaking - -14.2 `\clearpage' -================= - -The `\clearpage' command ends the current page and causes all figures -and tables that have so far appeared in the input to be printed. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \newpage, Next: \enlargethispage, Prev: \clearpage, Up: Page breaking - -14.3 `\newpage' -=============== - -The `\newpage' command ends the current page, but does not clear floats -(see `\clearpage' above). - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \enlargethispage, Next: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \newpage, Up: Page breaking - -14.4 `\enlargethispage' -======================= - -`\enlargethispage{size}' - - `\enlargethispage*{size}' - - Enlarge the `\textheight' for the current page by the specified -amount; e.g. `\enlargethispage{\baselineskip}' will allow one -additional line. - - The starred form tries to squeeze the material together on the page -as much as possible. This is normally used together with an explicit -`\pagebreak'. - - -File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak, Prev: \enlargethispage, Up: Page breaking - -14.5 `\pagebreak' & `\nopagebreak' -================================== - -Synopses: - - \pagebreak[PRIORITY] - \nopagebreak[PRIORITY] - - By default, the `\pagebreak' (`\nopagebreak') command forces -(prevents) a page break at the current position. For `\linebreak', the -vertical space on the page is stretched out where possible so that it -extends to the normal bottom margin. - - With the optional argument PRIORITY, you can convert the -`\pagebreak' command from a demand to a request. The number must be a -number from 0 to 4. The higher the number, the more insistent the -request is. -  File: latex2e.info, Node: Making paragraphs, Next: Math formulas, Prev: Lengths, Up: Top @@ -3238,17 +3269,17 @@ summations. For example * Menu: -* Subscripts & Superscripts:: Also known as exponent or index. +* Subscripts & superscripts:: Also known as exponent or index. * Math symbols:: Various mathematical squiggles. * Math functions:: Math function names like sin and exp. * Math accents:: Accents in math. * Spacing in math mode:: Thick, medium, thin and negative spaces. -* Math Miscellany:: Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else. +* Math miscellany:: Stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Subscripts & Superscripts, Next: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas +File: latex2e.info, Node: Subscripts & superscripts, Next: Math symbols, Up: Math formulas -16.1 Subscripts & Superscripts +16.1 Subscripts & superscripts ============================== To get an expression exp to appear as a subscript, you just type @@ -3258,7 +3289,7 @@ stuff in the natural way. It even does the right thing when something has both a subscript and a superscript.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Math symbols, Next: Math functions, Prev: Subscripts & Superscripts, Up: Math formulas +File: latex2e.info, Node: Math symbols, Next: Math functions, Prev: Subscripts & superscripts, Up: Math formulas 16.2 Math symbols ================= @@ -4063,7 +4094,7 @@ Accents::).  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Spacing in math mode, Next: Math Miscellany, Prev: Math accents, Up: Math formulas +File: latex2e.info, Node: Spacing in math mode, Next: Math miscellany, Prev: Math accents, Up: Math formulas 16.5 Spacing in math mode ========================= @@ -4087,9 +4118,9 @@ use in math mode: A negative thin space (-1\over6\,quad).  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Math Miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas +File: latex2e.info, Node: Math miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Math formulas -16.6 Math Miscellany +16.6 Math miscellany ==================== `\*' @@ -4133,14 +4164,15 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Math Miscellany, Prev: Spacing in math mode, Up: Ma `\underline{text}' Causes TEXT, which may be either math mode or not, to be - underlined. + underlined. The line is always below the text, taking account of + descenders. `\vdots' Produces a vertical ellipsis.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Modes, Next: Page Styles, Prev: Math formulas, Up: Top +File: latex2e.info, Node: Modes, Next: Page styles, Prev: Math formulas, Up: Top 17 Modes ******** @@ -4181,9 +4213,9 @@ paragraph mode". Its normal paragraph mode, which it starts out in, is called "outer paragraph mode".  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Page Styles, Next: Spaces, Prev: Modes, Up: Top +File: latex2e.info, Node: Page styles, Next: Spaces, Prev: Modes, Up: Top -18 Page Styles +18 Page styles ************** The `\documentclass' command determines the size and position of the @@ -4197,7 +4229,7 @@ page's head and foot. The page style determines what goes in them. * \thispagestyle:: Change the headings/footings style for this page.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \maketitle, Next: \pagenumbering, Up: Page Styles +File: latex2e.info, Node: \maketitle, Next: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles 18.1 `\maketitle' ================= @@ -4227,7 +4259,7 @@ obtained from the following declarations:  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagenumbering, Next: \pagestyle, Prev: \maketitle, Up: Page Styles +File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagenumbering, Next: \pagestyle, Prev: \maketitle, Up: Page styles 18.2 `\pagenumbering' ===================== @@ -4254,7 +4286,7 @@ Synopsis: uppercase letters  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagestyle, Next: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagenumbering, Up: Page Styles +File: latex2e.info, Node: \pagestyle, Next: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagenumbering, Up: Page styles 18.3 `\pagestyle' ================= @@ -4295,7 +4327,7 @@ typeset from the current page onwards. Values for STYLE:  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagestyle, Up: Page Styles +File: latex2e.info, Node: \thispagestyle, Prev: \pagestyle, Up: Page styles 18.4 `\thispagestyle{STYLE}' ============================ @@ -4305,7 +4337,7 @@ The `\thispagestyle' command works in the same manner as the STYLE for the current page only.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: Spaces, Next: Boxes, Prev: Page Styles, Up: Top +File: latex2e.info, Node: Spaces, Next: Boxes, Prev: Page styles, Up: Top 19 Spaces ********* @@ -4320,11 +4352,11 @@ useful in math mode (*note Spacing in math mode::). Horizontal space * \hspace:: Fixed horizontal space. +* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space. * \SPACE:: Normal interword space. * \AT:: Ending a sentence. * \thinspace:: One-sixth of an em. * \/:: Per-character italic correction. -* \hfill:: Stretchable horizontal space. * \hrulefill:: Stretchable horizontal rule. * \dotfill:: Stretchable horizontal dots. @@ -4335,7 +4367,7 @@ Vertical space * \vspace:: Add arbitrary vertical space.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \hspace, Next: \SPACE, Up: Spaces +File: latex2e.info, Node: \hspace, Next: \hfill, Up: Spaces 19.1 `\hspace' ============== @@ -4354,7 +4386,7 @@ backspacing. or end of a line. To preserve this space, use the optional `*' form.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \hfill, Next: \hrulefill, Prev: \/, Up: Spaces +File: latex2e.info, Node: \hfill, Next: \SPACE, Prev: \hspace, Up: Spaces 19.2 `\hfill' ============= @@ -4367,7 +4399,7 @@ glue value `0pt plus1fill'); thus, `\hspace\fill' is equivalent to `\hfill'.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \SPACE, Next: \AT, Prev: \hspace, Up: Spaces +File: latex2e.info, Node: \SPACE, Next: \AT, Prev: \hfill, Up: Spaces 19.3 `\SPACE' ============= @@ -4408,7 +4440,7 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: \thinspace, Next: \/, Prev: \AT, Up: Spaces '".  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hfill, Prev: \thinspace, Up: Spaces +File: latex2e.info, Node: \/, Next: \hrulefill, Prev: \thinspace, Up: Spaces 19.6 `\/' ========= @@ -4429,7 +4461,7 @@ correction. Compare pdfTeX (in the TeX output, there is a small space after the `f') with pdfTeX.  -File: latex2e.info, Node: \hrulefill, Next: \dotfill, Prev: \hfill, Up: Spaces +File: latex2e.info, Node: \hrulefill, Next: \dotfill, Prev: \/, Up: Spaces 19.7 `\hrulefill' ================= @@ -4778,9 +4810,11 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Text symbols, Next: Accents, Prev: Reserved charact ================= LaTeX provides commands to generate a number of non-letter symbols in -running text. +running text. Some of these, especially the more obscure ones, are not +available in OT1; you may need to load the `textcomp' package. `\copyright' +`\textcopyright' The copyright symbol, (C). `\dag' @@ -4792,18 +4826,33 @@ running text. `\LaTeX' The LaTeX logo. +`\guillemotleft (<<)' +`\guillemotright (>>)' +`\guilsinglleft (<)' +`\guilsinglright (>)' + Double and single angle quotation marks, commonly used in French: + <<, >>, <, >. + `\ldots' - An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `...'. This command - also works in math mode. +`\dots' +`\textellipsis' + An ellipsis (three dots at the baseline): `...'. `\ldots' and + `\dots' also work in math mode. `\lq' Left (opening) quote: `. `\P' +`\textparagraph' Paragraph sign (pilcrow). `\pounds' - English pounds sterling. +`\textsterling' + English pounds sterling: #. + +`\quotedblbase (")' +`\quotesinglbase (,)' + Double and single quotation marks on the baseline: " and ,. `\rq' Right (closing) quote: '. @@ -4814,6 +4863,126 @@ running text. `\TeX' The TeX logo. +`\textasciicircum' + ASCII circumflex: ^. + +`\textasciitilde' + ASCII tilde: ~. + +`\textasteriskcentered' + Centered asterisk: *. + +`\textbackslash' + Backslash: \. + +`\textbar' + Vertical bar: |. + +`\textbardbl' + Double vertical bar. + +`\textbigcircle' + Big circle symbol. + +`\textbraceleft' + Left brace: {. + +`\textbraceright' + Right brace: }. + +`\textbullet' + Bullet: *. + +`\textcircled{LETTER}' + LETTER in a circle, as in (R). + +`\textcompwordmark' +`\textcapitalwordmark' +`\textascenderwordmark' + Composite word mark (invisible). The `\textcapital...' form has + the cap height of the font, while the `\textascender...' form has + the ascender height. + +`\textdagger' + Dagger: \dag. + +`\textdaggerdbl' + Double dagger: \ddag. + +`\textdollar (or `$')' + Dollar sign: $. + +`\textemdash (or `---')' + Em-dash: -- (for punctuation). + +`\textendash (or `--')' + En-dash: -- (for ranges). + +`\texteuro' + The Euro symbol: Euro . + +`\textexclamdown (or `!`')' + Upside down exclamation point: !. + +`\textgreater' + Greater than: >. + +`\textless' + Less than: <. + +`\textleftarrow' + Left arrow. + +`\textordfeminine' +`\textordmasculine' + Feminine and masculine ordinal symbols: a, o. + +`\textordfeminine' + Feminine ordinal symbol: (R). + +`\textperiodcentered' + Centered period: \cdot. + +`\textquestiondown (or `?`')' + Upside down questionation point: ?. + +`\textquotedblleft (or ```')' + Double left quote: ". + +`\textquotedblright (or `'')' + Double right quote: ". + +`\textquoteleft (or ``')' + Single left quote: `. + +`\textquoteright (or `'')' + Single right quote: '. + +`\textquotestraightbase' +`\textquotestraightdblbase' + Single and double straight quotes on the baseline. + +`\textregistered' + Registered symbol: (R). + +`\textrightarrow' + Right arrow. + +`\textthreequartersemdash' + "Three-quarters" em-dash, between en-dash and em-dash. + +`\texttrademark' + Trademark symbol: ^\hboxTM. + +`\texttwelveudash' + Xx 12u-. + +`\textunderscore' + Underscore: _. + +`\textvisiblespace' + Visible space symbol. +  File: latex2e.info, Node: Accents, Next: Non-English characters, Prev: Text symbols, Up: Special insertions @@ -4823,13 +4992,18 @@ File: latex2e.info, Node: Accents, Next: Non-English characters, Prev: Text s LaTeX has wide support for many of the world's scripts and languages, through the `babel' package and related support. This section does not -attempt to cover all that support. It merely the core LaTeX commands -for creating accented characters. +attempt to cover all that support. It merely lists the core LaTeX +commands for creating accented characters. + + The `\capital...' commands produce alternative forms for use with +capital letters. These are not available with OT1. `\"' - Produces an umlaut, as in o". +`\capitaldieresis' + Produces an umlaut (dieresis), as in o". `\'' +`\capitalacute' Produces an acute accent, as in o'. In the `tabbing' environment, pushes current column to the right of the previous column (*note tabbing::). @@ -4838,29 +5012,36 @@ for creating accented characters. Produces a dot accent over the following, as in o.. `\=' +`\capitalmacron' Produces a macron (overbar) accent over the following, as in o=. `\^' +`\capitalcircumflex' Produces a circumflex (hat) accent over the following, as in o^. `\`' +`\capitalgrave' Produces a grave accent over the following, as in o`. In the `tabbing' environment, move following text to the right margin (*note tabbing::). `\~' +`\capitaltilde' Produces a tilde accent over the following, as in n~. `\b' Produces a bar accent under the following, as in o_. `\c' - Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in +`\capitalcedilla' + Produces a cedilla accent under the following, as in c,. `\d' +`\capitaldotaccent' Produces a dot accent under the following, as in .o. `\H' +`\capitalhungarumlaut' Produces a long Hungarian umlaut accent over the following, as in o''. @@ -4870,14 +5051,35 @@ for creating accented characters. `\j' Produces a dotless j, as in `j'. +`\k' +`\capitalogonek' + Produces a letter with ogonek, as in `o'. Not available in the + OT1 encoding. + +`\r' +`\capitalring' + Produces a ring accent, as in `o*'. + `\t' - Produces a tie-after accent, as in `oo['. +`\capitaltie' +`\newtie' +`\capitalnewtie' + Produces a tie-after accent, as in `oo['. The `\newtie' form is + centered in its box. `\u' +`\capitalbreve' Produces a breve accent, as in `o('. +`\underbar' + Not exactly an accent, this produces a bar under the argument text. + The argument is always processed in horizontal mode. The bar is + always a fixed position under the baseline, thus crossing through + descenders. See also `\underline' in *note Math miscellany::. + `\v' - Produces a ha'c <1>: Spacing in math mode. (line 16) * \>: tabbing. (line 31) * \> (tabbing): tabbing. (line 30) * \@: \AT. (line 6) +* \@fnsymbol: Symbolic footnotes. (line 11) * \[: Math formulas. (line 18) * \\ (for \shortstack objects): \shortstack. (line 22) * \\ (for array): array. (line 28) @@ -6064,9 +6382,9 @@ Command Index * \\* (for eqnarray): eqnarray. (line 17) * \]: Math formulas. (line 18) * \^: Reserved characters. (line 21) -* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 26) +* \^ (circumflex accent): Accents. (line 33) * \_: Reserved characters. (line 11) -* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 29) +* \` (grave accent): Accents. (line 37) * \` (tabbing): tabbing. (line 51) * \a (tabbing): tabbing. (line 60) * \a' (acute accent in tabbing): tabbing. (line 61) @@ -6112,7 +6430,7 @@ Command Index * \ast: Math symbols. (line 29) * \asymp: Math symbols. (line 32) * \author{NAME \and NAME2}: \maketitle. (line 11) -* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 37) +* \b (bar-under accent): Accents. (line 46) * \backslash <1>: Reserved characters. (line 16) * \backslash: Math symbols. (line 35) * \bar: Math accents. (line 13) @@ -6150,13 +6468,28 @@ Command Index * \Box: Math symbols. (line 83) * \breve: Math accents. (line 16) * \bullet: Math symbols. (line 86) -* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 40) +* \c (cedilla accent): Accents. (line 50) * \cal: Font styles. (line 86) * \cap: Math symbols. (line 89) +* \capitalacute: Accents. (line 20) +* \capitalbreve: Accents. (line 85) +* \capitalcaron: Accents. (line 95) +* \capitalcedilla: Accents. (line 50) +* \capitalcircumflex: Accents. (line 33) +* \capitaldieresis: Accents. (line 16) +* \capitaldotaccent: Accents. (line 54) +* \capitalgrave: Accents. (line 37) +* \capitalhungarumlaut: Accents. (line 58) +* \capitalmacron: Accents. (line 29) +* \capitalnewtie: Accents. (line 80) +* \capitalogonek: Accents. (line 69) +* \capitalring: Accents. (line 74) +* \capitaltie: Accents. (line 80) +* \capitaltilde: Accents. (line 43) * \caption: figure. (line 51) * \cc: \cc. (line 6) * \cdot: Math symbols. (line 92) -* \cdots: Math Miscellany. (line 10) +* \cdots: Math miscellany. (line 10) * \centering: \centering. (line 6) * \chapter: Sectioning. (line 10) * \check: Math accents. (line 19) @@ -6175,15 +6508,15 @@ Command Index * \cong: Math symbols. (line 104) * \contentsline: \addcontentsline. (line 31) * \coprod: Math symbols. (line 107) -* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 9) +* \copyright: Text symbols. (line 10) * \cos: Math functions. (line 24) * \cosh: Math functions. (line 27) * \cot: Math functions. (line 30) * \coth: Math functions. (line 33) * \csc: Math functions. (line 36) * \cup: Math symbols. (line 110) -* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 43) -* \dag: Text symbols. (line 12) +* \d (dot-under accent): Accents. (line 54) +* \dag: Text symbols. (line 14) * \dagger: Math symbols. (line 113) * \dashbox: \dashbox. (line 6) * \dashv: Math symbols. (line 116) @@ -6193,25 +6526,34 @@ Command Index * \dblfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 39) * \dbltextfloatsep: \twocolumn. (line 44) * \dbltopfraction: \twocolumn. (line 30) -* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 15) +* \ddag: Text symbols. (line 17) * \ddagger: Math symbols. (line 119) * \ddot: Math accents. (line 22) -* \ddots: Math Miscellany. (line 14) +* \ddots: Math miscellany. (line 14) * \deg: Math functions. (line 39) * \delta: Math symbols. (line 125) * \Delta: Math symbols. (line 122) * \depth: Predefined lengths. (line 10) * \det: Math functions. (line 42) +* \DH (AE): Non-English characters. + (line 19) +* \dh (ae): Non-English characters. + (line 19) * \diamond: Math symbols. (line 131) * \Diamond: Math symbols. (line 128) * \diamondsuit: Math symbols. (line 134) * \dim: Math functions. (line 45) * \displaystyle: Math formulas. (line 36) * \div: Math symbols. (line 137) +* \DJ: Non-English characters. + (line 23) +* \dj: Non-English characters. + (line 23) * \documentclass: Document classes. (line 6) * \dot: Math accents. (line 25) * \doteq: Math symbols. (line 140) * \dotfill: \dotfill. (line 6) +* \dots: Text symbols. (line 31) * \doublerulesep: tabular. (line 105) * \Downarrow: Math symbols. (line 146) * \downarrow: Math symbols. (line 143) @@ -6245,6 +6587,7 @@ Command Index * \flushbottom: \flushbottom. (line 6) * \fnsymbol: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. (line 24) +* \fnsymbol, and footnotes: Symbolic footnotes. (line 11) * \fontencoding: Low-level font commands. (line 11) * \fontfamily: Low-level font commands. @@ -6264,8 +6607,8 @@ Command Index * \footskip: Page layout parameters. (line 16) * \forall: Math symbols. (line 170) -* \frac: Math Miscellany. (line 18) -* \frac{num}{den}: Math Miscellany. (line 17) +* \frac: Math miscellany. (line 18) +* \frac{num}{den}: Math miscellany. (line 17) * \frame: \frame. (line 6) * \framebox <1>: \fbox and \framebox. (line 6) * \framebox: \framebox (picture). (line 6) @@ -6281,7 +6624,11 @@ Command Index * \glossary: Glossaries. (line 8) * \glossaryentry: Glossaries. (line 11) * \grave: Math accents. (line 28) -* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 46) +* \guillemotleft (<<): Text symbols. (line 23) +* \guillemotright (>>): Text symbols. (line 24) +* \guilsinglleft (<): Text symbols. (line 25) +* \guilsinglright (>): Text symbols. (line 26) +* \H (Hungarian umlaut accent): Accents. (line 58) * \hat: Math accents. (line 31) * \hbar: Math symbols. (line 194) * \headheight: Page layout parameters. @@ -6300,8 +6647,12 @@ Command Index * \Huge: Font sizes. (line 11) * \huge: Font sizes. (line 11) * \hyphenation: \hyphenation. (line 6) -* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 50) +* \i (dotless i): Accents. (line 62) * \iff: Math symbols. (line 206) +* \IJ (IJ): Non-English characters. + (line 27) +* \ij (ij): Non-English characters. + (line 27) * \Im: Math symbols. (line 209) * \imath: Math accents. (line 34) * \in: Math symbols. (line 212) @@ -6323,16 +6674,17 @@ Command Index * \itemindent: itemize. (line 52) * \itemsep: itemize. (line 75) * \itshape: Font styles. (line 23) -* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 53) +* \j (dotless j): Accents. (line 65) * \jmath: Math accents. (line 37) * \Join: Math symbols. (line 224) +* \k (ogonek): Accents. (line 69) * \kappa: Math symbols. (line 227) * \ker: Math functions. (line 60) * \kill: tabbing. (line 65) * \L (/L): Non-English characters. - (line 19) + (line 31) * \l (/l): Non-English characters. - (line 19) + (line 31) * \label: \label. (line 6) * \labelenumi: enumerate. (line 36) * \labelenumii: enumerate. (line 36) @@ -6351,14 +6703,14 @@ Command Index * \LARGE: Font sizes. (line 11) * \Large: Font sizes. (line 11) * \large: Font sizes. (line 11) -* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 18) +* \LaTeX: Text symbols. (line 20) * \lbrace: Math symbols. (line 242) * \lbrack: Math symbols. (line 245) * \lceil: Math symbols. (line 248) -* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 21) +* \ldots: Text symbols. (line 30) * \le: Math symbols. (line 251) * \leadsto: Math symbols. (line 254) -* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math Miscellany. (line 20) +* \left DELIM1 ... \right DELIM2: Math miscellany. (line 20) * \leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 259) * \Leftarrow: Math symbols. (line 256) * \lefteqn: eqnarray. (line 25) @@ -6383,6 +6735,8 @@ Command Index * \line: \line. (line 6) * \linebreak: \linebreak & \nolinebreak. (line 6) +* \linespread: Low-level font commands. + (line 70) * \linethickness: \linethickness. (line 6) * \linewidth: Page layout parameters. (line 21) @@ -6399,7 +6753,7 @@ Command Index * \longmapsto: Math symbols. (line 295) * \longrightarrow: Math symbols. (line 298) * \lor: Math symbols. (line 301) -* \lq: Text symbols. (line 25) +* \lq: Text symbols. (line 36) * \makebox: \makebox. (line 6) * \makebox (picture): \makebox (picture). (line 6) * \makeglossary: Glossaries. (line 6) @@ -6455,6 +6809,11 @@ Command Index * \newpage: \newpage. (line 6) * \newsavebox: \newsavebox. (line 6) * \newtheorem: \newtheorem. (line 6) +* \newtie: Accents. (line 80) +* \NG: Non-English characters. + (line 35) +* \ng: Non-English characters. + (line 35) * \ni: Math symbols. (line 339) * \nocite: \nocite. (line 6) * \nofiles: Tables of contents. (line 20) @@ -6472,18 +6831,18 @@ Command Index * \nu: Math symbols. (line 348) * \nwarrow: Math symbols. (line 351) * \O (/O): Non-English characters. - (line 23) + (line 39) * \o (/o): Non-English characters. - (line 23) + (line 39) * \obeycr: \obeycr & \restorecr. (line 6) * \oddsidemargin: Document class options. (line 55) * \odot: Math symbols. (line 354) * \OE (OE): Non-English characters. - (line 27) + (line 43) * \oe (oe): Non-English characters. - (line 27) + (line 43) * \oint: Math symbols. (line 357) * \omega: Math symbols. (line 363) * \Omega: Math symbols. (line 360) @@ -6494,10 +6853,10 @@ Command Index * \oslash: Math symbols. (line 372) * \otimes: Math symbols. (line 375) * \oval: \oval. (line 6) -* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math Miscellany. (line 25) -* \overline{TEXT}: Math Miscellany. (line 29) +* \overbrace{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 25) +* \overline{TEXT}: Math miscellany. (line 29) * \owns: Math symbols. (line 378) -* \P: Text symbols. (line 28) +* \P: Text symbols. (line 39) * \pagebreak: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak. (line 6) * \pagenumbering: \pagenumbering. (line 6) @@ -6521,7 +6880,7 @@ Command Index * \pm: Math symbols. (line 399) * \pmod: Math functions. (line 87) * \poptabs: tabbing. (line 71) -* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 31) +* \pounds: Text symbols. (line 43) * \Pr: Math functions. (line 90) * \prec: Math symbols. (line 402) * \preceq: Math symbols. (line 405) @@ -6534,6 +6893,9 @@ Command Index * \Psi: Math symbols. (line 417) * \pushtabs: tabbing. (line 74) * \put: \put. (line 6) +* \quotedblbase ("): Text symbols. (line 47) +* \quotesinglbase (,): Text symbols. (line 48) +* \r (ring accent): Accents. (line 74) * \raggedbottom: \raggedbottom. (line 6) * \raggedleft: \raggedleft. (line 6) * \raggedright: \raggedright. (line 6) @@ -6553,7 +6915,7 @@ Command Index * \rfloor: Math symbols. (line 438) * \rhd: Math symbols. (line 441) * \rho: Math symbols. (line 444) -* \right: Math Miscellany. (line 21) +* \right: Math miscellany. (line 21) * \rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 450) * \Rightarrow: Math symbols. (line 447) * \rightharpoondown: Math symbols. (line 453) @@ -6564,9 +6926,9 @@ Command Index * \rmfamily: Font styles. (line 20) * \roman: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol. (line 18) -* \rq: Text symbols. (line 34) +* \rq: Text symbols. (line 51) * \rule: \rule. (line 6) -* \S: Text symbols. (line 37) +* \S: Text symbols. (line 54) * \savebox: \savebox. (line 6) * \sbox: \sbox. (line 6) * \sc: Font styles. (line 98) @@ -6577,7 +6939,7 @@ Command Index * \section: Sectioning. (line 13) * \seename: Indexes. (line 20) * \selectfont: Low-level font commands. - (line 71) + (line 76) * \setcounter: \setcounter. (line 6) * \setlength: \setlength. (line 6) * \setminus: Math symbols. (line 465) @@ -6608,18 +6970,20 @@ Command Index * \spadesuit: Math symbols. (line 489) * \sqcap: Math symbols. (line 492) * \sqcup: Math symbols. (line 495) -* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math Miscellany. (line 32) +* \sqrt[ROOT]{arg}: Math miscellany. (line 32) * \sqsubset: Math symbols. (line 498) * \sqsubseteq: Math symbols. (line 501) * \sqsupset: Math symbols. (line 504) * \sqsupseteq: Math symbols. (line 507) +* \SS (SS): Non-English characters. + (line 47) * \ss (ss): Non-English characters. - (line 30) -* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math Miscellany. (line 38) + (line 47) +* \stackrel{TEXT}{RELATION}: Math miscellany. (line 38) * \star: Math symbols. (line 510) * \startbreaks: \startbreaks. (line 6) * \stepcounter: \stepcounter. (line 6) -* \stop: Command Line. (line 15) +* \stop: Command line. (line 15) * \stopbreaks: \stopbreaks. (line 6) * \subparagraph: Sectioning. (line 21) * \subsection: Sectioning. (line 15) @@ -6635,7 +6999,7 @@ Command Index * \surd: Math symbols. (line 534) * \swarrow: Math symbols. (line 537) * \symbol: Reserved characters. (line 25) -* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 56) +* \t (tie-after accent): Accents. (line 80) * \TAB: \SPACE. (line 6) * \tabbingsep: tabbing. (line 79) * \tabcolsep: tabular. (line 109) @@ -6644,23 +7008,72 @@ Command Index * \tanh: Math functions. (line 108) * \tau: Math symbols. (line 540) * \telephone: \telephone. (line 6) -* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 40) +* \TeX: Text symbols. (line 57) +* \textascenderwordmark: Text symbols. (line 95) +* \textasciicircum: Text symbols. (line 60) +* \textasciitilde: Text symbols. (line 63) +* \textasteriskcentered: Text symbols. (line 66) +* \textbackslash: Text symbols. (line 69) +* \textbar: Text symbols. (line 72) +* \textbardbl: Text symbols. (line 75) * \textbf: Font styles. (line 32) +* \textbigcircle: Text symbols. (line 78) +* \textbraceleft: Text symbols. (line 81) +* \textbraceright: Text symbols. (line 84) +* \textbullet: Text symbols. (line 87) +* \textcapitalwordmark: Text symbols. (line 94) +* \textcircled{LETTER}: Text symbols. (line 90) +* \textcompwordmark: Text symbols. (line 93) +* \textcopyright: Text symbols. (line 11) +* \textdagger: Text symbols. (line 100) +* \textdaggerdbl: Text symbols. (line 103) +* \textdollar (or $): Text symbols. (line 106) +* \textellipsis: Text symbols. (line 32) +* \textemdash (or ---): Text symbols. (line 109) +* \textendash (or --): Text symbols. (line 112) +* \texteuro: Text symbols. (line 115) +* \textexclamdown (or !`): Text symbols. (line 118) * \textfloatsep: figure. (line 71) * \textfraction: figure. (line 75) +* \textgreater: Text symbols. (line 121) * \textheight: Page layout parameters. (line 27) * \textit: Font styles. (line 23) +* \textleftarrow: Text symbols. (line 127) +* \textless: Text symbols. (line 124) * \textmd: Font styles. (line 29) * \textnormal: Font styles. (line 50) +* \textordfeminine: Text symbols. (line 130) +* \textordmasculine: Text symbols. (line 131) +* \textparagraph: Text symbols. (line 40) +* \textperiodcentered: Text symbols. (line 137) +* \textquestiondown (or ?`): Text symbols. (line 140) +* \textquotedblleft (or ``): Text symbols. (line 143) +* \textquotedblright (or '): Text symbols. (line 146) +* \textquoteleft (or `): Text symbols. (line 149) +* \textquoteright (or '): Text symbols. (line 152) +* \textquotestraightbase: Text symbols. (line 155) +* \textquotestraightdblbase: Text symbols. (line 156) +* \textregistered: Text symbols. (line 159) +* \textrightarrow: Text symbols. (line 162) * \textrm: Font styles. (line 20) * \textsc: Font styles. (line 44) * \textsf: Font styles. (line 41) * \textsl: Font styles. (line 38) +* \textsterling: Text symbols. (line 44) +* \textthreequartersemdash: Text symbols. (line 165) +* \texttrademark: Text symbols. (line 168) * \texttt: Font styles. (line 47) +* \texttwelveudash: Text symbols. (line 171) +* \textunderscore: Text symbols. (line 174) * \textup: Font styles. (line 35) +* \textvisiblespace: Text symbols. (line 177) * \textwidth: Page layout parameters. (line 34) +* \TH (): Non-English characters. + (line 51) +* \th (): Non-English characters. + (line 51) * \thanks{TEXT}: \maketitle. (line 21) * \theta: Math symbols. (line 543) * \thicklines: \thicklines. (line 6) @@ -6689,10 +7102,11 @@ Command Index * \twocolumn: \twocolumn. (line 6) * \typein: \typein. (line 6) * \typeout: \typeout. (line 6) -* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 59) +* \u (breve accent): Accents. (line 85) * \unboldmath: Math formulas. (line 31) -* \underbrace{math}: Math Miscellany. (line 42) -* \underline{text}: Math Miscellany. (line 45) +* \underbar: Accents. (line 88) +* \underbrace{math}: Math miscellany. (line 42) +* \underline{text}: Math miscellany. (line 45) * \unitlength: picture. (line 10) * \unlhd: Math symbols. (line 564) * \unrhd: Math symbols. (line 567) @@ -6707,10 +7121,10 @@ Command Index * \usebox: \usebox. (line 6) * \usecounter: \usecounter. (line 6) * \usefont: Low-level font commands. - (line 75) + (line 80) * \usepackage: Document class options. (line 74) -* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 62) +* \v (breve accent): Accents. (line 95) * \value: \value. (line 6) * \varepsilon: Math symbols. (line 591) * \varphi: Math symbols. (line 594) @@ -6719,7 +7133,7 @@ Command Index * \varsigma: Math symbols. (line 603) * \vartheta: Math symbols. (line 606) * \vdash: Math symbols. (line 609) -* \vdots: Math Miscellany. (line 49) +* \vdots: Math miscellany. (line 50) * \vec: Math accents. (line 43) * \vector: \vector. (line 6) * \vee: Math symbols. (line 612) @@ -6742,10 +7156,10 @@ Command Index * \|: Math symbols. (line 11) * \}: Reserved characters. (line 11) * \~: Reserved characters. (line 21) -* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 34) -* ^: Subscripts & Superscripts. +* \~ (tilde accent): Accents. (line 43) +* ^: Subscripts & superscripts. (line 6) -* _: Subscripts & Superscripts. +* _: Subscripts & superscripts. (line 6) * a4paper option: Document class options. (line 19) @@ -6812,10 +7226,12 @@ Command Index * quotation: quotation. (line 6) * quote: quote. (line 6) * report class: Document classes. (line 13) +* secnumdepth counter: Sectioning. (line 54) * slides class: Document classes. (line 13) * tabbing environment: tabbing. (line 6) * table: table. (line 6) * tabular environment: tabular. (line 6) +* textcomp package: Text symbols. (line 6) * thebibliography: thebibliography. (line 6) * theorem environment: theorem. (line 6) * titlepage environment: titlepage. (line 6) @@ -6831,207 +7247,208 @@ Command Index  Tag Table: -Node: Top1667 -Node: Overview3852 -Node: Starting & ending5720 -Node: Document classes6282 -Node: Document class options6858 -Node: Typefaces9450 -Node: Font styles9892 -Node: Font sizes12218 -Node: Low-level font commands13453 -Node: Layout15681 -Node: \onecolumn16150 -Node: \twocolumn16363 -Node: \flushbottom17868 -Node: \raggedbottom18230 -Node: Page layout parameters18516 -Node: Sectioning20607 -Node: Cross references21931 -Node: \label22362 -Node: \pageref23227 -Node: \ref23526 -Node: Environments23916 -Node: abstract25371 -Node: array25612 -Node: center26943 -Node: \centering27420 -Node: description28260 -Node: displaymath29074 -Node: document29641 -Node: enumerate29898 -Node: eqnarray31190 -Node: equation32200 -Node: figure32573 -Node: flushleft35397 -Node: \raggedright35882 -Node: flushright36441 -Node: \raggedleft36929 -Node: itemize37486 -Node: letter41120 -Node: list41358 -Node: math42182 -Node: minipage42484 -Node: picture43676 -Node: \circle47674 -Node: \makebox (picture)48007 -Node: \framebox (picture)48703 -Node: \dashbox49193 -Node: \frame49720 -Node: \line50046 -Node: \linethickness50515 -Node: \thicklines50936 -Node: \thinlines51246 -Node: \multiput51548 -Node: \oval51914 -Node: \put52531 -Node: \shortstack52779 -Node: \vector53255 -Node: quotation53561 -Node: quote54017 -Node: tabbing54449 -Node: table57612 -Node: tabular58501 -Node: \multicolumn62418 -Node: \cline63216 -Node: \hline63536 -Node: \vline63850 -Node: thebibliography64163 -Node: \bibitem65303 -Node: \cite66034 -Node: \nocite66534 -Node: Using BibTeX66818 -Node: theorem68310 -Node: titlepage68696 -Node: verbatim69297 -Node: \verb69924 -Node: verse70474 -Node: Footnotes70968 -Node: \footnote71512 -Node: \footnotemark72028 -Node: \footnotetext72595 -Node: Footnote parameters73079 -Node: Definitions73808 -Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand74523 -Node: \newcounter75738 -Node: \newlength76206 -Node: \newsavebox76718 -Node: 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+Node: \dashbox49649 +Node: \frame50176 +Node: \line50502 +Node: \linethickness50971 +Node: \thicklines51392 +Node: \thinlines51702 +Node: \multiput52004 +Node: \oval52370 +Node: \put52987 +Node: \shortstack53235 +Node: \vector53711 +Node: quotation54017 +Node: quote54473 +Node: tabbing54905 +Node: table58068 +Node: tabular58957 +Node: \multicolumn62874 +Node: \cline63672 +Node: \hline63992 +Node: \vline64306 +Node: thebibliography64619 +Node: \bibitem65759 +Node: \cite66490 +Node: \nocite66990 +Node: Using BibTeX67274 +Node: theorem68766 +Node: titlepage69152 +Node: verbatim69753 +Node: \verb70380 +Node: verse70930 +Node: Line breaking71424 +Node: \\72480 +Node: \obeycr & \restorecr72948 +Node: \newline73350 +Node: \- (hyphenation)73638 +Node: \fussy74246 +Node: \sloppy74637 +Node: \hyphenation74964 +Node: \linebreak & \nolinebreak75589 +Node: Page breaking76240 +Node: \cleardoublepage76848 +Node: \clearpage77255 +Node: \newpage77531 +Node: \enlargethispage77766 +Node: \pagebreak & \nopagebreak78291 +Node: Footnotes78984 +Node: \footnote79602 +Node: \footnotemark80120 +Node: \footnotetext80686 +Node: Symbolic footnotes81171 +Node: Footnote parameters81728 +Node: Definitions82464 +Node: \newcommand & \renewcommand83179 +Node: \newcounter84394 +Node: \newlength84862 +Node: \newsavebox85374 +Node: \newenvironment & \renewenvironment85681 +Node: \newtheorem86948 +Node: \newfont87914 +Node: \protect88394 +Node: Counters89258 +Node: \alph \Alph \arabic \roman \Roman \fnsymbol90499 +Node: \usecounter91544 +Node: \value91906 +Node: \setcounter92291 +Node: \addtocounter92582 +Node: \refstepcounter92878 +Node: \stepcounter93223 +Node: \day \month \year93474 +Node: Lengths94019 +Node: \setlength94588 +Node: \addtolength94930 +Node: \settodepth95225 +Node: \settoheight95500 +Node: \settowidth95779 +Node: Predefined lengths96043 +Node: Making paragraphs96557 +Node: \indent97129 +Node: \noindent97601 +Node: \parskip97887 +Node: Marginal notes98145 +Node: Math formulas99664 +Node: Subscripts & superscripts101448 +Node: Math symbols101915 +Node: Math functions108729 +Node: Math accents109673 +Node: Spacing in math mode110580 +Node: Math miscellany111212 +Node: Modes112705 +Node: Page styles114538 +Node: \maketitle115032 +Node: \pagenumbering116104 +Node: \pagestyle116521 +Node: \thispagestyle117663 +Node: Spaces117969 +Node: \hspace119029 +Node: \hfill119589 +Node: \SPACE119986 +Node: \AT120452 +Node: \thinspace120913 +Node: \/121172 +Node: \hrulefill122008 +Node: \dotfill122270 +Node: \addvspace122494 +Node: \bigskip \medskip \smallskip122986 +Node: \vfill123665 +Node: \vspace123970 +Node: Boxes124400 +Node: \mbox125119 +Node: \fbox and \framebox125406 +Node: lrbox126206 +Node: \makebox126523 +Node: \parbox127239 +Node: \raisebox128572 +Node: \savebox129169 +Node: \sbox129584 +Node: \usebox130033 +Node: Special insertions130291 +Node: Reserved characters130935 +Node: Text symbols132337 +Node: Accents135653 +Node: Non-English characters138126 +Node: \rule138792 +Node: \today139219 +Node: Splitting the input139664 +Node: \include140305 +Node: \includeonly140892 +Node: \input141383 +Node: Front/back matter141874 +Node: Tables of contents142079 +Node: \addcontentsline143107 +Node: \addtocontents144006 +Node: Glossaries144517 +Node: Indexes145036 +Node: Letters146663 +Node: \address148603 +Node: \cc149208 +Node: \closing149444 +Node: \encl149677 +Node: \location149869 +Node: \makelabels150131 +Node: \name150419 +Node: \opening150641 +Node: \ps150966 +Node: \signature151149 +Node: \startbreaks151432 +Node: \stopbreaks151654 +Node: \telephone151869 +Node: Terminal input/output152101 +Node: \typein152366 +Node: \typeout152947 +Node: Command line153570 +Node: Document templates154265 +Node: book template154580 +Node: beamer template154923 +Node: tugboat template155461 +Node: Concept Index157686 +Node: Command Index192630  End Tag Table -- cgit v1.2.3