From 505a11a94e5dc6b9010250a0cae90880e6e23182 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Karl Berry <karl@freefriends.org>
Date: Sun, 27 Aug 2006 18:25:23 +0000
Subject: amslatex package amscls update from latex-tds (27aug06)

git-svn-id: svn://tug.org/texlive/trunk@2048 c570f23f-e606-0410-a88d-b1316a301751
---
 Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/amscls/amsthdoc.tex | 374 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 374 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/amscls/amsthdoc.tex

(limited to 'Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/amscls/amsthdoc.tex')

diff --git a/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/amscls/amsthdoc.tex b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/amscls/amsthdoc.tex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..21e824f5ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Master/texmf-dist/source/latex/amscls/amsthdoc.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+%%% ====================================================================
+%%% @LaTeX-file{
+%%%   filename  = "amsthdoc.tex",
+%%%   version   = "2.20",
+%%%   date      = "2004/08/03",
+%%%   time      = "15:02:46 EDT",
+%%%   checksum  = "15807 374 1763 14655",
+%%%   author    = "American Mathematical Society",
+%%%   copyright = "Copyright 1999, 2004 American Mathematical Society,
+%%%                all rights reserved.  Copying of this file is
+%%%                authorized only if either:
+%%%                (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy,
+%%%                including name; OR
+%%%                (2) if you do make changes, you first rename it
+%%%                to some other name.",
+%%%   address   = "American Mathematical Society,
+%%%                Technical Support,
+%%%                Publications Technical Group,
+%%%                201 Charles Street,
+%%%                Providence, RI 02904,
+%%%                USA",
+%%%   telephone = "401-455-4080 or (in the USA and Canada)
+%%%                800-321-4AMS (321-4267)",
+%%%   FAX       = "401-331-3842",
+%%%   email     = "tech-support@ams.org (Internet)",
+%%%   codetable = "ISO/ASCII",
+%%%   supported = "yes",
+%%%   keywords  = "latex, theorem, proof, amsthm",
+%%%   abstract  = "This file is the User's Guide for the amsthm
+%%%                package.",
+%%%   docstring = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
+%%%                checksum as the first value, followed by the
+%%%                equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
+%%%                count) utility output of lines, words, and
+%%%                characters.  This is produced by Robert
+%%%                Solovay's checksum utility.",
+%%% }
+%%% ====================================================================
+\documentclass[twoside]{article}
+\pagestyle{myheadings}
+
+% Use the same version numbers as for the amslatex instructions.
+\def\instrversion{2.20}
+\def\instrdate{August 2004}
+
+\title{Using the \pkg{amsthm} Package}
+\author{Version \instrversion, \instrdate\\American Mathematical Society}
+\date{}
+
+\providecommand{\qq}[1]{\textquotedblleft#1\textquotedblright}
+\providecommand{\mdash}{\textemdash\penalty\hyphenpenalty}
+
+% Embedded \index commands are a legacy from the time when this
+% documentation was part of amsldoc. Since they don't hurt anything,
+% let's leave them in. Maybe they will become useful again in the
+% future. [mjd,2000/06/06]
+
+\chardef\bslchar=`\\ % p. 424, TeXbook
+\newcommand{\ntt}{%
+  \fontfamily\ttdefault \fontseries\mddefault \fontshape\updefault
+  \selectfont
+}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cn}[1]{{\ntt\bslchar#1}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\cls}[1]{{\ntt#1}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\pkg}[1]{{\ntt#1}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\opt}[1]{{\ntt#1}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\env}[1]{{\ntt#1}}
+\DeclareRobustCommand{\fn}[1]{{\ntt#1}}
+
+\providecommand{\qedsymbol}{\leavevmode
+  \hbox to.77778em{%
+  \hfil\vrule
+  \vbox to.675em{\hrule width.6em\vfil\hrule}%
+  \vrule\hfil}}
+
+%%  Provide a meta-command facility; provide an alternate escape
+%%  character so it can be used within the verbatim environment.
+
+\catcode`\|=0
+\begingroup \catcode`\>=13 % in LaTeX2e verbatim env makes > active
+\gdef\?#1>{{\normalfont$\langle$\textup{#1}$\rangle$}}
+\gdef\0{\relax}
+\endgroup
+\def\<#1>{{\normalfont$\langle$\textup{#1}$\rangle$}}
+\def\ntnote#1{{\normalfont$^{#1}$}}
+
+\hfuzz4pt \vbadness9999 \hbadness5000
+\def\latex/{{\protect\LaTeX}}
+
+\setlength{\textwidth}{210mm}\addtolength{\textwidth}{-2in}
+\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{39pt}
+\setlength{\evensidemargin}{39pt}
+\addtolength{\textwidth}{-2\oddsidemargin}
+
+\begin{document}
+\maketitle
+\markboth{USING THE \pkg{amsthm} PACKAGE}{USING THE \pkg{amsthm} PACKAGE}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\section{Introduction}
+
+\begin{sloppypar}
+The \pkg{amsthm} package provides an enhanced version of \latex/'s
+\cn{newtheorem} command for defining theorem-like environments. The
+enhanced \cn{newtheorem} recognizes a
+\cn{theoremstyle} specification (as in Mittelbach's \pkg{theorem}
+package) and has a \verb'*' form for defining unnumbered environments. The
+\pkg{amsthm} package also defines a \env{proof} environment that
+automatically adds a QED symbol at the end. AMS document classes
+incorporate the \pkg{amsthm} package, so everything described here
+applies to them as well.
+\end{sloppypar}
+
+If the \pkg{amsthm} package is used with a non-AMS document class and
+with the \pkg{amsmath} package, \pkg{amsthm} must be loaded
+\emph{after} \pkg{amsmath}, not before.
+
+Examples are given in the file \fn{thmtest.tex}.  For best understanding,
+examine the output side-by-side with the input.
+
+
+\section{The \cn{newtheorem} command}
+
+In mathematical research articles and books, theorems\index{theorems}
+and proofs\index{proofs} are among the most common elements, but authors
+also use many others that fall in the same general class: lemmas,
+propositions, axioms, corollaries, conjectures, definitions, remarks,
+cases, steps, and so forth. It is natural to handle these elements as
+\latex/ environments, but document classes do not
+provide predefined environments for theorem-like elements because
+(a)~that would make it difficult for authors to exercise the necessary
+control over the automatic numbering, and (b)~the variety of such
+elements is so wide that it's not possible for a document class to
+provide every one that will ever be needed. Instead there is a command
+\cn{newtheorem}, similar in effect to \cn{newenvironment}, that makes it
+easy for authors to set up the elements required for a particular
+document.
+
+The \cn{newtheorem} command has two mandatory arguments; the first one
+is the environment name that the author would like to use for this
+element; the second one is the heading text. For example,
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newtheorem{lem}{Lemma}
+\end{verbatim}
+means that instances in the document of
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{lem} Text text ... \end{lem}
+\end{verbatim}
+will produce
+\[\makebox[.8\columnwidth]{%
+  \textbf{Lemma 1.} \textit{Text text \dots}\hfill}\]
+where the heading consists of the specified text \qq{Lemma} and an
+automatically generated number and punctuation.
+
+If \cn{newtheorem*} is used instead of \cn{newtheorem} in this
+example, numbers will not be generated automatically for
+any of the lemmas in the document. This form of the command can be
+useful if you have only one lemma and don't want it to be
+numbered; more often, though, it is used to produce a special named
+variant of one of the common theorem types. For example, if you have a
+lemma that should be labeled \qq{Klein's Lemma}, then the statement
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newtheorem*{KL}{Klein's Lemma}
+\end{verbatim}
+would allow you to write
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{KL} Text text ... \end{KL}
+\end{verbatim}
+and get the desired output.
+
+Sometimes additional information is desired in the heading of a
+theorem or lemma, often because it is cited from another source.
+An optional argument is used to provide this information:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{lem}[Alinhac-Lerner \cite{a-l}]
+\end{verbatim}
+yielding the output
+\[\makebox[.8\columnwidth]{%
+  \textbf{Lemma 2.} (Alinhac-Lerner [1]). \textit{Text text \dots}\hfill}\]
+
+
+\section{Numbering modifications}
+
+In addition to the two mandatory arguments, \cn{newtheorem} has two
+mutually exclusive optional arguments. These affect the
+sequencing\index{theorems!numbering} and hierarchy of the numbering.
+
+By default each kind of theorem-like environment is numbered
+independently. Thus if you have three lemmas and two theorems
+interspersed, they will be numbered something like this: Lemma 1, Lemma
+2, Theorem 1, Lemma 3, Theorem 2. If you want lemmas and theorems to
+share the same numbering sequence\mdash Lemma 1, Lemma 2, Theorem 3, Lemma
+4, Theorem 5\mdash then you should indicate the desired relationship as
+follows:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+\newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+\end{verbatim}
+The optional argument \verb'[thm]' in the second statement means that
+the \texttt{lem} environment should share the \texttt{thm} numbering
+sequence instead of having its own independent sequence.
+
+To have a theorem environment numbered subordinately within a
+sectional unit\mdash e.g., to get propositions numbered Proposition 2.1,
+Proposition 2.2, and so on in Section~2\mdash put the name of the parent
+unit in square brackets in final position:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newtheorem{prop}{Proposition}[section]
+\end{verbatim}
+With the optional argument \verb'[section]', the \verb'prop' counter
+will be reset to 0 whenever the parent counter \verb'section' is
+incremented, and the proposition label will have the section number
+prepended.
+
+Note that theorem numbering is not accomplished by the same method
+as the \cn{numberwithin} facility of \pkg{amsmath}, so an attempt to
+use that to relate theorem numbers to equation numbers will not work
+in the expected way.  A method for accomplishing that, as well as
+some other variations, is given in the AMS Author FAQ \cite{AF},
+in the section on \qq{Theorems in AMS-\LaTeX}.
+
+
+\section{Changing styles for theorem-like environments}
+
+\subsection{The \cn{theoremstyle} command}
+
+The \pkg{amsthm} package supports the notion of a current theorem style,
+which determines what will be produced by a given \cn{newtheorem}
+command. The three theorem styles provided\mdash
+\verb'plain',\index{plain theo@\texttt{plain} theorem style}\relax
+\index{definition theo@\texttt{definition} theorem style}\relax
+\index{remark theo@\texttt{remark} theorem style} \verb'definition',
+and \verb'remark'\mdash specify different degrees of
+visual emphasis corresponding to their relative importance. The
+details of this typographical treatment may vary depending on the
+document class, but typically the \verb'plain' style produces italic
+body text, while the other two styles produce roman body text.
+
+If no \cn{theoremstyle} command is given, the style used will be
+\texttt{plain}. To specify different styles,
+divide your \cn{new\-theorem} commands into groups and preface each
+group with the appropriate \cn{theo\-rem\-style}. Some examples:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\theoremstyle{plain}% default
+\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}[section]
+\newtheorem{lem}[thm]{Lemma}
+\newtheorem{prop}[thm]{Proposition}
+\newtheorem*{cor}{Corollary}
+\newtheorem*{KL}{Klein's Lemma}
+
+\theoremstyle{definition}
+\newtheorem{defn}{Definition}[section]
+\newtheorem{conj}{Conjecture}[section]
+\newtheorem{exmp}{Example}[section]
+
+\theoremstyle{remark}
+\newtheorem*{rem}{Remark}
+\newtheorem*{note}{Note}
+\newtheorem{case}{Case}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+The following list summarizes the types of structures which are
+normally associated with each theorem style.
+
+\smallskip
+\begin{tabular}{ll}
+ \relax\env{plain} & Theorem, Lemma, Corollary, Proposition, Conjecture, \\
+                   & Criterion, Algorithm \\
+ \relax\env{definition} \quad & Definition, Condition, Problem, Example \\
+ \relax\env{remark} & Remark, Note, Notation, Claim, Summary, \\
+                    & Acknowledgment, Case, Conclusion
+\end{tabular}
+
+\subsection{Number swapping}
+
+A common style variation is to have the theorem number at the beginning
+of the heading instead of at the end, for example \qq{1.4 Theorem}
+instead of \qq{Theorem 1.4}.  As this variation is usually applied
+to all \cn{theoremstyle}s, it is done by
+placing a \cn{swapnumbers} command at the beginning of the list of
+\cn{newtheorem} statements that should be affected. For example:
+\begin{verbatim}
+\swapnumbers
+\theoremstyle{plain}
+\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}
+\theoremstyle{remark}
+\newtheorem{rem}{Remark}
+\end{verbatim}
+
+In AMS document classes, when numbers are swapped, the style of the
+numbers matches that of section headings; this may not be the same
+style as the rest of the theorem heading.
+
+\subsection{New theorem styles}
+
+The \pkg{amsthm} package provides a \cn{newtheoremstyle} command
+to aid in the creation of custom styles, should the three predefined
+styles prove insufficient.  The following example illustrates the use
+of the \cn{newtheoremstyle} command.
+\begin{verbatim}
+\newtheoremstyle{note}%  |?name>
+  {3pt}%      |?Space above>
+  {3pt}%      |?Space below>
+  {}%         |?Body font>
+  {}%         |?Indent amount>|ntnote1
+  {\itshape}% |?Theorem head font>
+  {:}%        |?Punctuation after theorem head>
+  {.5em}%     |?Space after theorem head>|ntnote2
+  {}%         |?Theorem head spec (can be left empty, meaning `normal')>
+\end{verbatim}
+\noindent
+\ntnote1 Indent amount: empty = no indent, \cn{parindent} = normal
+ paragraph indent
+
+\noindent
+\ntnote2 Space after theorem head: \verb+{ }+ = normal interword space;
+ \cn{newline} = linebreak
+
+\smallskip
+Apply the new theorem style in the same manner as the predefined ones.
+For examples, see the file \fn{thmtest.tex}.
+
+
+\section{Proofs}
+
+A predefined \env{proof} environment provided by the \pkg{amsthm}
+package produces the heading \qq{Proof} with appropriate spacing and
+punctuation. The proof environment is primarily intended for short
+proofs, no more than a page or two in length; longer proofs are
+usually better done as a separate \cn{section} or \cn{subsection} in
+your document.
+
+An optional argument of the proof environment allows you to substitute
+a different name for the standard \qq{Proof\/}. If you want
+the proof heading to be, say, \qq{Proof of the Main Theorem}, then write
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{proof}[Proof of the Main Theorem]
+\end{verbatim}
+
+A QED symbol, \qedsymbol, is automatically appended at the end of
+a \env{proof} environment. To substitute a different end-of-proof
+symbol, use \cn{renewcommand} to redefine the command \cn{qedsymbol}.
+For a long proof done as a subsection or section instead of with the
+\env{proof} environment, you can obtain the symbol and the usual
+amount of preceding space by using \cn{qed}.
+
+Placement of the QED symbol can be problematic if the last part of
+a \env{proof} environment is a displayed equation or list environment
+or something of that nature. In that case put a \cn{qedhere} command at
+the place where the QED symbol should appear, for example,
+\begin{verbatim}
+\begin{proof}
+...
+\begin{equation}
+G(t)=L\gamma!\,t^{-\gamma}+t^{-\delta}\eta(t) \qedhere
+\end{equation}
+\end{proof}
+\end{verbatim}
+When used with the \pkg{amsmath} package, version 2 or later, \cn{qedhere}
+will position the QED symbol flush right; with earlier versions, the
+symbol will be spaced a quad away from the end of the text or display.
+
+If \cn{qedhere} produces an error message in an equation, try using
+\verb'\mbox{\qedhere}' instead.
+
+\begin{thebibliography}{[AF]}
+
+\bibitem[AF]{AF} AMS Author FAQ,
+\texttt{http://www.ams.org/authors/author-faq.html}
+
+\end{thebibliography}
+
+\end{document}
-- 
cgit v1.2.3

