From af9df03e853a6f1bc4745504f3a7ac18c160c85a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Karl Berry
For a brief summary of the major changes in this edition of TeX Live, see the end of the document,
section 9 (p. 77).
+href="#x1-700009">9
Contents
1.1 1.1 TeX Live and the TeX Collection
-
1.2 1.2 Operating system support
-
1.3 1.3 Basic installation of TeX Live
-
1.4 1.4 Security considerations
-
1.5 1.5 Getting help
-
2 2 Overview of TeX Live
-
2.1 2.1 The TeX Collection: TeX Live, proTeXt, MacTeX
-
2.2 2.2 Top level TeX Live directories
-
2.3 2.3 Overview of the predefined texmf trees
-
2.4 2.4 Extensions to TeX
-
2.5 2.5 Other notable programs in TeX Live
-
3 3 Installation
-
3.1 3.1 Starting the installer
-
3.1.1 Unix
-
3.1.2 Mac OS X
-
3.1.3 Windows
-
3.1.4 Cygwin
-
3.1.5 The text installer
-
3.1.6 The graphical installer
-
3.2 3.2 Running the installer
-
3.2.1 Binary systems menu (Unix only)
-
3.2.2 Selecting what is to be installed
-
3.2.3 Directories
-
3.2.4 Options
-
3.3 3.3 Command-line install-tl options
-
3.3.1 The -repository option
-
3.4 3.4 Post-install actions
-
3.4.1 Environment variables for Unix
-
3.4.2 Environment variables: Global configuration
-
3.4.3 Internet updates after DVD installation
-
3.4.4 System font configuration for XeTeX and LuaTeX
-
3.4.5 ConTeXt Mark IV
-
3.4.6 Integrating local and personal macros
-
3.4.7 Integrating third-party fonts
-
3.5 3.5 Testing the installation
-
3.6 Links for additional downloadable software
-
4 Specialized installations
-
4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations
-
-
-
4.2 Portable (USB) installations
-
5 3.6 Uninstalling TeX Live
+
3.7 Links for additional downloadable software
+
4 Specialized installations
+
4.1 Shared-user (or cross-machine) installations
+
4.2 Portable (USB) installations
+
5 tlmgr: Managing your installation
-
5.1 GUI interfaces for 5.1 GUI interfaces for tlmgr
-
5.2 Sample 5.2 Sample tlmgr command-line invocations
-
6 Notes on Windows
-
6.1 Windows-specific features
-
6.2 Additional software included on Windows
-
6.3 User Profile is Home
-
6.4 The Windows registry
-
6.5 Windows permissions
-
6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin
-
7 A user’s guide to Web2C
-
7.1 Kpathsea path searching
-
7.1.1 Path sources
-
7.1.2 Config files
-
7.1.3 Path expansion
-
7.1.4 Default expansion
-
7.1.5 Brace expansion
-
7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion
-
7.1.7 Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files
-
7.2 Filename databases
-
7.2.1 The filename database
-
7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
-
7.2.3 Examples of use
-
7.2.4 Debugging actions
-
7.3 Runtime options
-
7.4 6 Notes on Windows
+
6.1 Windows-specific features
+
6.2 Additional software included on Windows
+
6.3 User Profile is Home
+
6.4 The Windows registry
+
6.5 Windows permissions
+
6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin
+
7 A user’s guide to Web2C
+
7.1 Kpathsea path searching
+
7.2 Filename databases
+
7.3 Runtime options
+
7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR
-
8 Acknowledgements
-
9 Release history
-
9.1 Past
-
9.1.1 2003
-
9.1.2 2004
-
9.1.3 2005
-
9.1.4 2006–2007
-
9.1.5 2008
-
9.1.6 2009
-
9.1.7 2010
-
9.1.8 2011
-
9.1.9 2012
-
9.1.10 2013
-
9.1.11 2014
-
9.1.12 2015
-
9.1.13 2016
-
9.1.14 2017
-
9.1.15 2018
-
9.1.16 2019
-
9.1.17 2020
-
9.2 Present: 2021
-
9.3 Future
+
8 Acknowledgements
+
+
+
9 Release history
+
9.1 Past
+
9.2 Present: 2021
+
9.3 Future
1 Introduction
-
-
1.1
To the best of our knowledge, the core TeX programs themselves are (and always have been) extremely robust. However, the contributed programs in TeX Live may not reach the same level, despite everyone’s best efforts. As always, you should be careful when running programs on untrusted input; to improve safety, use a new - - subdirectory or chroot.
This need for care is especially urgent on Windows, since in general Windows finds programs in the current directory before anything else, regardless of the search path. This opens up a wide variety of possible attacks. @@ -306,7 +212,7 @@ is the safest bet.
Another aspect of security is ensuring that downloaded material has not been changed from what was created. The tlmgr program (section 5) will automatically perform cryptographic verification on downloads if +href="#x1-430005">5) will automatically perform cryptographic verification on downloads if the gpg (GNU Privacy Guard) program is available. It is not distributed as part of TeX Live, but see news:comp.text.tex, and the mailing list texhax@tug.org. Their archives have years of past questions and answers for your searching + + pleasure, via, for the latter two, http://groups.google.com/group/comp.text.tex/topics and @@ -406,8 +314,6 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">tex-live@tug.org. However, if that program’s maintainer or mailing list. Often running a program with the --help option will provide a bug reporting address. - -
The other side of the coin is helping others who have questions. All the above resources are open to anyone, so feel free to join, start reading, and help out where you can. @@ -470,6 +376,8 @@ class="list"> class="ec-lmtt-10">readme-*.dir
Quick overview and useful links for TeX Live, in various languages, in both HTML and plain text. + +
This TeX Live documentation itself is in texmf-dist/doc/texlive, available in several languages:
@@ -543,7 +449,7 @@ installation. href="https://tug.org/tds" class="url" >https://tug.org/tds), with all its myriad subdirectories, or files may not be found. Section 3.4.6 (p. 41) +href="#x1-350003.4.6">40) describes this in more detail. The order here is the reverse order in which the trees are searched, that is, later trees in the list override earlier ones.@@ -565,6 +471,8 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">updmap-sys and fmtutil-sys, and also by tlmgr, to store (cached) runtime data such as format files and generated map files. + +
The tree which users can use for their own individual installations of additional or updated macros, fonts, etc. The expansion of this variable dynamically adjusts for each user to their own individual directory. - -
TEXMFSYSVAR, TEXMFCACHE + +
Privately generated and configuration data for the current release.
Here are a few other commonly-used programs included in TeX Live:
- -
+ +
TeX Live includes a program named TeX Live includes a program named tlmgr for managing TeX Live after the initial installation. Its
capabilities include:
tlmgr’s functionality completely subsumes the texconfig program. We still distribute and maintain texconfig
@@ -2959,19 +2971,19 @@ for the sake of anyone used to its interface, but we recommend using tlmgr nowadays.
TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for TeX Live contains several GUI front-ends for tlmgr. Two notable ones: (1) Figure 9 shows 9 shows tlshell, which is
written in Tcl/Tk and runs out of the box under Windows and Mac OS X; (2) Figure 10 shows 10 shows tlcockpit,
which requires Java version 8 or higher and JavaFX. Both are separate packages.
- tlmgr also has a native GUI mode (shown in figure 11), which is started with:
+
After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:
+ After the initial installation, you can update your system to the latest versions available with:
This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory:
+ This more complex example adds a collection, for the engine XeTeX, from a local directory:
As you can see, installed.
+ As you can see, tlmgr installs dependencies, and takes care of any necessary post-install actions, including
updating the filename database and (re)generating formats. In the above, we generated new formats for
XeTeX.
- To describe a package (or collection or scheme): To describe a package (or collection or scheme): Last and most important, for full documentation see 657941k
+ Last and most important, for full documentation see https://tug.org/texlive/tlmgr.html, or:
+
+ id="x1-460006">Notes on Windows
+
Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
+ id="x1-470006.1">Windows-specific features
+ Under Windows, the installer does some extra things:
5.1 GUI interfaces for GUI interfaces for tlmgr
-5.2 Sample Sample tlmgr command-line invocations
-
collection-xetex
+install: arabxetex
...
arabxetex
+...
+install: xetex
xetex
+install: xetexconfig
xetexconfig
+install: xetex.i386-linux
-
xetex.i386-linux
+running post install action for xetex
xetex
+install: xetex-def
...
xetex-def
+...
+running mktexlsr
mktexlsr
+mktexlsr: Updating /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/ls-R...
...
-
/usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-dist/ls-R...
+...
+running fmtutil-sys --missing
...
--missing
+...
+Transcript written on xelatex.log.
xelatex.log.
+fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive/2021/texmf-var/web2c/xetex/xelatex.fmt installed.
collection-latexextra
+category: Collection
Collection
+shortdesc: LaTeX supplementary packages
-
packages
+longdesc: of add-on packages for LaTeX.
LaTeX.
+installed: Yes
Yes
+revision: 46963
46963
+sizes: 657941k6 Notes on Windows
-6.1 Windows-specific features
-
Also, have a look at Also, have a look at tlaunch, described in section 4.1, for a different approach.
+href="#x1-410004.1">4.1, for a different approach.
-
+
To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows
+ id="x1-480006.2">Additional software included on Windows
+ To be complete, a TeX Live installation needs support packages that are not commonly found on a Windows
machine. TeX Live provides the missing pieces. These programs are all installed as part of TeX Live only on
Windows.
-
+
6.2 Additional software included on Windows
-
command. If necessary, run fc-cache first to update font information.
-
+
The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the User Profile is Home
+ The Windows counterpart of a Unix home directory is the %USERPROFILE% directory. Under Windows Vista
and later it is C:\Users\<username>. In the texmf.cnf file, and Kpathsea in general, ~ will expand
appropriately on both Windows and Unix.
-
+
Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically
+ id="x1-500006.4">The Windows registry
+ Windows stores nearly all configuration data in its registry. The registry contains a set of hierarchically
organized keys, with several root keys. The most important ones for installation programs are
HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKCU and HKLM in short. The HKCU part of the registry is in
the user’s home directory (see section 6.3). 6.3). HKLM is normally in a subdirectory of the Windows
directory.
- In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information,
+ In some cases, system information could be obtained from environment variables but for other information,
for example the location of shortcuts, it is necessary to consult the registry. Setting environment variables
permanently also requires registry access.
-
+
In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the
+ id="x1-510006.5">Windows permissions
+ In later versions of Windows, a distinction is made between regular users and administrators, where only the
latter have free access to almost the entire operating system. We have made an effort to make TeX Live
installable without administrative privileges.
- If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If
+ If the installer is started with administrative permissions, there is an option to install for all users. If
this option is chosen, shortcuts are created for all users, and the system search path is modified.
Otherwise, shortcuts and menu entries are created for the current user, and the user search path is
modified.
- Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always
+ Regardless of administrator status, the default root of TeX Live proposed by the installer is always
under %SystemDrive%. The installer always tests whether the root is writable for the current
user.
- A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since
+ A problem may arise if the user is not an administrator and TeX already exists in the search path. Since
the effective search path consists of the system search path followed by the user search path, the new TeX Live
would never get precedence. As a fallback, the installer creates a shortcut to the command-prompt in
which the new TeX Live binary directory is prepended to the local search path. The new TeX
Live will be always usable from within such a command-prompt. The shortcut for TeXworks, if
installed, also prepends TeX Live to the search path, so it should also be immune to this path
problem.
- You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for
+ You should be aware that even if you are logged in as administrator, you need to explicitly ask for
administrator privileges. In fact, there is not much point in logging in as administrator. Instead,
right-clicking on the program or shortcut that you want to run usually gives you a choice ‘Run as
administrator’.
-
+
Windows and Cygwin (see section Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin
+ Windows and Cygwin (see section 3.1.4 for Cygwin installation specifics) users may find that they run out of
memory when running some of the programs shipped with TeX Live. For example, asy might run out of
memory if you try to allocate an array of 25,000,000 reals, and LuaTeX might run out of memory if you try to
process a document with a lot of big fonts.
- For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin
+ For Cygwin, you can increase the amount of available memory by following the instructions in the Cygwin
User’s Guide (https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html).
- For Windows, you have to create a file, say For Windows, you have to create a file, say moremem.reg, with these four lines:
-
+
and then execute the command 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
+"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff00
+ and then execute the command regedit /s moremem.reg as administrator. (If you want to change memory
only for the current user instead of system-wide, use HKEY_CURRENT_USER.)
-
+
Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.
+ id="x1-530007">A user’s guide to Web2C
+ Web2C is an integrated collection of TeX-related programs: TeX itself, Metafont, MetaPost, BibTeX, etc.
It is the heart of TeX Live. The home page for Web2C, with the current manual and more, is
https://tug.org/web2c.
- A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
+ A bit of history: The original implementation was by Tomas Rokicki who, in 1987, developed a first
TeX-to-C system based on change files under Unix, which were primarily the original work of Howard
Trickey and Pavel Curtis. Tim Morgan became the maintainer of the system, and during this period
the name changed to Web-to-C. In 1990, Karl Berry took over the work, assisted by dozens of
additional contributors, and in 1997 he handed the baton to Olaf Weber, who returned it to Karl in
2006.
- The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems.
+ The Web2C system runs on Unix, 32-bit Windows systems, Mac OS X, and other operating systems.
It uses Knuth’s original sources for TeX and other basic programs written in the WEB literate
programming system and translates them into C source code. The core TeX programs handled in this way
are:
-
+
Maintaining bibliographies.
+ Maintaining bibliographies.
Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
+ Expands virtual font references in DVI files.
DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
+ DVI to MPX (MetaPost pictures).
DVI to human-readable text.
+ DVI to human-readable text.
Generic font proofsheets.
+ Generic font proofsheets.
Generic to packed fonts.
+ Generic to packed fonts.
GF to human-readable text.
+ GF to human-readable text.
Creating typeface families.
+ Creating typeface families.
Prettyprinting Metafont source.
+ Prettyprinting Metafont source.
Creating technical diagrams.
+ Creating technical diagrams.
Creating hyphenation patterns.
+ Creating hyphenation patterns.
Packed to generic fonts.
+ Packed to generic fonts.
PK to human-readable text.
+ PK to human-readable text.
Plain text property list to TFM.
+ Plain text property list to TFM.
Display Display WEB pool files.
WEB to Pascal.
Typesetting.
+ Typesetting.
TFM to plain text property list.
+ TFM to plain text property list.
Virtual font to virtual property list.
+ Virtual font to virtual property list.
Virtual property list to virtual font.
+ Virtual property list to virtual font.
WEB to TeX. The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
+ The precise functions and syntax of these programs are described in the documentation of the individual
packages and of Web2C itself. However, knowing a few principles governing the whole family of programs will
help you take advantage of your Web2C installation.
- All programs honor these standard GNU options:
+ All programs honor these standard GNU options:
print basic usage summary.
+ print basic usage summary.
print version information, then exit. And most also honor:
+ print version information, then exit. And most also honor:
print detailed progress report. For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea ( print detailed progress report. For locating files the Web2C programs use the path searching library Kpathsea (https://tug.org/kpathsea).
This library uses a combination of environment variables and configuration files to optimize searching the
@@ -3529,12 +3562,12 @@ maintaining TeX’s standard distribution and local and personal extensions in d
searches, the root of each tree has a file ls-R, containing an entry showing the name and relative pathname for
all files under that root.
-
+
Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
- We call a Let us first describe the generic path searching mechanism of the Kpathsea library.
+ We call a search path a colon- or semicolon-separated list of path elements, which are basically directory
names. A search path can come from (a combination of) many sources. To look up a file ‘.:/dir’, Kpathsea checks each element of the path in
class="ec-lmtt-10">./my-file In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use
+ In order to adapt optimally to all operating systems’ conventions, on non-Unix systems Kpathsea can use
filename separators different from colon (‘:’) and slash (‘/’).
- To check a particular path element To check a particular path element p, Kpathsea first checks if a prebuilt database (see “Filename database”
on page 66) applies to 65) applies to p, i.e., if the database is in a directory that is a prefix of p. If so, the path specification
is matched against the contents of the database.
- Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional
+ Although the simplest and most common path element is a directory name, Kpathsea supports additional
features in search paths: layered default values, environment variable names, config file values, users’ home
directories, and recursive subdirectory searching. Thus, we say that Kpathsea expands a path element, meaning
it transforms all the specifications into basic directory name or names. This is described in the following
sections in the same order as it takes place.
- Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘ Note that if the filename being searched for is absolute or explicitly relative, i.e., starts with ‘/’ or ‘./’ or
‘../’, Kpathsea simply checks if that file exists.
-
+
A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
-
+ id="x1-550007.1.1">Path sources
+ A search path can come from many sources. In the order in which Kpathsea uses them:
+
You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions”
+ class="enumerate" id="x1-55008x4">The compile-time default.
+ You can see each of these values for a given search path by using the debugging options (see “Debugging actions”
on page 69).
-
+href="#x1-660007.2.4">68).
+
Kpathsea reads Config files
+ Kpathsea reads runtime configuration files named texmf.cnf for search path and other definitions. The search
path TEXMFCNF is used to look for these files, but we do not recommend setting this (or any) environment
variable to override the system directories.
- Instead, normal installation results in a file Instead, normal installation results in a file .../2021/texmf.cnf. If you must make changes to the
defaults (not normally necessary), this is the place to put them. The main configuration file is in
.../2021/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf. You should not edit this latter file, as your changes will be lost
when the distributed version is updated.
- As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an
+ As an aside, if you merely wish to add a personal directory to a particular search path, setting an
environment variable is a reasonable method:
To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘
+ To keep the setting maintainable and portable over the years, use a trailing ‘:’ (‘;’ on Windows) to insert the
system paths, instead of trying to write them all out explicitly (see section 7.1.4). Another option is to use the
+href="#x1-580007.1.4">7.1.4). Another option is to use the
TEXMFHOME tree (see section 3.2.3).
- All texmf.cnf files in the search path will be read and definitions in earlier files override those in later
files. For example, with a search path of value may contain any character. However, in practice
class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf
values are related to path expansion, and since various special characters are used in expansion
(see section 7.1.7), such as braces and commas, they cannot be used in directory names.
- A ‘7.1.7), such as braces and commas, they cannot be used in directory names.
+ A ‘;’ in value is translated to ‘:’ if running under Unix, in order to have a single texmf.cnf that
can support both Unix and Windows systems. This translation happens with any value, not just
search paths, but fortunately in practice ‘;’ is not needed in other values.
- The The $var.prog feature is not available on the right-hand side;
A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
-
+ A configuration file fragment illustrating most of these points is shown below:
+
+
+
Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
+ id="x1-570007.1.3">Path expansion
+ Kpathsea recognizes certain special characters and constructions in search paths, similar to those available in
Unix shells. As a general example, the path ~$USER/{foo,bar}//baz, expands to all subdirectories under
directories baz. These expansions are
explained in the sections below.
If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 60) contains an Default expansion
+ If the highest-priority search path (see “Path sources” on page 59) contains an extra colon (i.e., leading,
trailing, or doubled), Kpathsea inserts at that point the next-highest-priority search path that is defined. If
that inserted path has an extra colon, the same happens with the next highest. For example, given an
@@ -3815,18 +3853,18 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> .:$TEXMF//tex Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
+ Since it would be useless to insert the default value in more than one place, Kpathsea changes only one
extra ‘:’ and leaves any others in place. It checks first for a leading ‘:’, then a trailing ‘:’, then a doubled
‘:’.
-
+
A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, Brace expansion
+ A useful feature is brace expansion, which means that, for instance, v{a,b}w expands to vaw:vbw.
Nesting is allowed. This is used to implement multiple TeX hierarchies, by assigning a brace list
@@ -3837,19 +3875,19 @@ made:
We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:
+ We then use this to define, for example, the TeX input path:
which means that, after looking in the current directory, the
+ which means that, after looking in the current directory, the $TEXMFVAR/tex, $TEXMFHOME/tex,
$TEXMFLOCAL/tex and $TEXMFDIST/tex trees will be searched (the last two using ls-R data base
files).
-
+
Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory Subdirectory expansion
+ Two or more consecutive slashes in a path element following a directory d is replaced by all subdirectories of d:
first those subdirectories directly under d, then the subsubdirectories under those, and so on. At each level, the
order in which the directories are searched is unspecified.
- If you specify any filename components after the ‘ If you specify any filename components after the ‘//’, only subdirectories with matching components are
included. For example, ‘/a//b’ expands into directories /a/1/1/b, and so on, but not /a/b/c
or /a/1.
- Multiple ‘ Multiple ‘//’ constructs in a path are possible, but ‘//’ at the beginning of a path is ignored.
-
+
The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration
+ The following list summarizes the special characters and constructs in Kpathsea configuration
files.
-
+
Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle,
+ Separator in path specification; at the beginning or the end of a path, or doubled in the middle,
it substitutes the default path expansion.
Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like Separator on non-Unix systems (acts like :).
Variable expansion.
+ Variable expansion.
Represents the user’s home directory.
+ Represents the user’s home directory.
Brace expansion.
+ Brace expansion.
Separates items in brace expansion.
+ Separates items in brace expansion.
Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
+ Subdirectory expansion (can occur anywhere in a path, except at its beginning).
Start of comment.
+ Start of comment.
At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.
+ At the end of a line, continuation character to allow multi-line entries.
Search Search only database to locate file, do not search the disk. Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is
+ Exactly when a character will be considered special or act as itself depends on the context in which it is
used. The rules are inherent in the multiple levels of interpretation of the configuration (parsing, expansion,
search, …) and so cannot be concisely stated, unfortunately. There is no general escape mechanism; in
particular, ‘\’ is not an “escape character” in texmf.cnf files.
- When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all.
-
+ When it comes choosing directory names for installation, it is safest to avoid them all.
+
Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live,
+ id="x1-620007.2">Filename databases
+ Kpathsea goes to some lengths to minimize disk accesses for searches. Nevertheless, in the standard TeX Live,
or at any installation with enough directories, searching every possible directory for a given file will take
an excessively long time. Therefore, Kpathsea can use an externally-built plain text “database”
file named ls-R that maps files to directories, thus avoiding the need to exhaustively search the
disk.
- A second database file A second database file aliases allows you to give additional names to the files listed in ls-R.
-
+
As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be The filename database
+ As explained above, the name of the main filename database must be ls-R. You can put one at the root of
each TeX hierarchy in your installation that you wish to be searched ($TEXMF by default). Kpathsea looks for
ls-R files along the TEXMFDBS path.
- The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ The recommended way to create and maintain ‘ls-R’ is to run the mktexlsr script included with the
distribution. It is invoked by the various ‘cron, so that it is
automatically updated when the installed files change, such as after installing or updating a LaTeX
package.
- If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
+ If a file is not found in the database, by default Kpathsea goes ahead and searches the disk. If a particular
path element begins with ‘!!’, however, only the database will be searched for that element, never the
disk.
-
+
The kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
+ The kpsewhich program exercises path searching independent of any particular application. This can be useful
as a sort of find program to locate files in TeX hierarchies (this is used heavily in the distributed
@@ -4038,12 +4076,12 @@ class="ec-lmro-10">option Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
+ Kpathsea looks up each non-option argument on the command line as a filename, and returns the first file
found. There is no option to return all the files with a particular name (you can run the Unix ‘find’ utility for
that).
- The most common options are described next.
-
+ The most common options are described next.
+
Set the resolution to Set the resolution to num; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. ‘dvips. Default is 600.
class="ec-lmtt-10">--format=
+
Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
+ id="x1-650007.2.3">Examples of use
+ Let us now have a look at Kpathsea in action. Here’s a straightforward search:
By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for By the way, that last is a BibTeX bibliography database for TUGboat articles.
Next we turn our attention to Next we turn our attention to dvips’s header and configuration files. We first look at one of the commonly
used files, the general prologue tex.pro for TeX support, before turning our attention to the generic
@@ -4316,7 +4354,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10"> We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
+ We now take a closer look at the URW Times PostScript support files. The prefix for these in the standard
font naming scheme is ‘utm’. The first file we look at is the configuration file, which contains the name of the
map file: It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
+ It should be evident from these examples how you can easily locate the whereabouts of a given file. This is
especially important if you suspect that the wrong version of a file is picked up somehow, since kpsewhich will
show you the first file encountered.
-
+
Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
+ id="x1-660007.2.4">Debugging actions
+ Sometimes it is necessary to investigate how a program resolves file references. To make this practical,
Kpathsea offers various levels of debugging output:
-
+
stat calls (disk lookups). When running with an up-to-date ls-R database this should almost
give no output.
@@ -4445,64 +4483,67 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R References to hash tables (such as References to hash tables (such as ls-R databases, map files, configuration files).
File open and close operations.
+ File open and close operations.
General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
+ General path information for file types searched by Kpathsea. This is useful to find out where a
particular path for the file was defined.
Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
+ Directory list for each path element (only relevant for searches on disk).
File searches.
+ File searches.
Variable values. A value of Variable values. A value of -1 will set all the above options; in practice, this is usually the most convenient.
- Similarly, with the Similarly, with the dvips program, by setting a combination of debug switches, one can follow in detail
where files are being picked up from. Alternatively, when a file is not found, the debug trace shows in
which directories the program looks for the given file, so that one can get an indication what the
problem is.
- Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
+ Generally speaking, as most programs call the Kpathsea library internally, one can select a debug option by
using the KPATHSEA_DEBUG environment variable, and setting it to (a combination of) values as described in the
above list.
- (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
+ (Note for Windows users: it is not easy to redirect all messages to a file in this system. For diagnostic
purposes you can temporarily SET KPATHSEA_DEBUG_OUTPUT=err.log).
- Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, Let us consider, as an example, a small LaTeX source file, hello-world.tex, which contains the following
input.
This little file only uses the font
+ This little file only uses the font cmr10, so let us look at how dvips prepares the PostScript file
(we want to use the Type 1 version of the Computer Modern fonts, hence the option -o
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips dvips starts by locating its working files. First, texmf.cnf is found, which gives the definitions of the
search paths for the other files, then the file database +amsbkm.map
class="ec-lmss-10">dvips At this point At this point dvips identifies itself to the user: After having found the file in question, After having found the file in question, dvips outputs the date and time, and informs us that it will generate
the file hello-world.ps, then that it needs the font file <cmr10.pfb>[1]
Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
+ id="x1-670007.3">Runtime options
+ Another useful feature of Web2C is its possibility to control a number of memory parameters (in particular,
array sizes) via the runtime file texmf.cnf read by Kpathsea. The memory settings can be found in Part 3 of
that file in the TeX Live distribution. The more important are:
-
+
Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
+ Total words of memory available, for TeX, Metafont and MetaPost. You must make a new format
file for each different setting. For instance, you could generate a “huge” version of TeX, and call
the format file hugetex.fmt. Using the standard way of specifying the program name used by
@@ -4813,29 +4854,29 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you
+ Extra space for “large” TeX data structures: boxes, glue, breakpoints, etc. Especially useful if you
use PI CTeX.
Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all
+ Number of words for font information available for TeX. This is more or less the total size of all
TFM files read.
Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is Additional space for the hash table of control sequence names; its default value is 600000. This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely
+ This facility is no substitute for truly dynamic arrays and memory allocation, but since these are extremely
difficult to implement in the present TeX source, these runtime parameters provide a practical compromise
allowing some flexibility.
- In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with In various places above, we gave various search paths starting with . (to search the current directory first), as
in This is a simplification. The This is a simplification. The texmf.cnf file we distribute in TeX Live uses $TEXMFDOTDIR instead of just
‘TEXINPUTS=$TEXMFDOTDIR;$TEXMF/tex//
class="ec-lmtt-10">$TEXMF/tex// The reason to use the variable The reason to use the variable $TEXMFDOTDIR in the path definitions instead of simply ‘.’ is purely so that
it can be overridden. For example, a complex document may have many source files arranged in many
@@ -4869,22 +4910,22 @@ build the document) and they will all get searched. (Warning: don’t use .// by default; it’s usually
highly undesirable, and potentially insecure, to search through all subdirectories for an arbitrary
document.)
- As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for
+ As another example, you may wish not to search the current directory at all, e.g., if you have arranged for
all the files to be found via explicit paths. You can set $TEXMFDOTDIR to, say, /nonesuch or any nonexistent
directory for this.
- The default value of The default value of $TEXMFDOTDIR is just ‘.’, as set in our texmf.cnf.
- TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl
+ id="x1-690008">Acknowledgements
+ TeX Live is a joint effort by virtually all of the TeX user groups. This edition of TeX Live was overseen by Karl
Berry. The other principal contributors, past and present, are listed below.
Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin ( Builders of the binaries: Marc Baudoin (amd64-netbsd, i386-netbsd), Ken Brown (i386-cygwin,
@@ -5062,24 +5103,24 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">x86_64-linuxmusl Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French),
+ Translators of this manual: Takuto Asakura (Japanese), Denis Bitouzé & Patrick Bideault (French),
Carlos Enriquez Figueras (Spanish), Jjgod Jiang, Jinsong Zhao, Yue Wang, & Helin Gai (Chinese), Nikola
Lečić (Serbian), Marco Pallante & Carla Maggi (Italian), Petr Sojka & Jan Busa (Czech/Slovak), Boris
Veytsman (Russian), Zofia Walczak (Polish), Uwe Ziegenhagen (German). The TeX Live documentation web
page is https://tug.org/texlive/doc.html.
- Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and
+ Of course the most important acknowledgement must go to Donald Knuth, first for inventing TeX, and
then for giving it to the world.
-
+
+ id="x1-700009">Release history
+
Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for
+ id="x1-710009.1">Past
+ Discussion began in late 1993 when the Dutch TeX Users Group was starting work on its 4AllTeX CD for
MS-DOS users, and it was hoped at that time to issue a single, rational, CD for all systems. This was too
ambitious a target for the time, but it did spawn not only the very successful 4AllTeX CD, but also the TUG
Technical Council working group on a We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
+ We first undertook to make a new Unix-based TDS CD in the autumn of 1995, and quickly identified
Thomas Esser’s teTeX as the ideal setup, as it already had multi-platform support and was built with
portability across file systems in mind. Thomas agreed to help, and work began seriously at the start of 1996.
The first edition was released in May 1996. At the start of 1997, Karl Berry completed a major new release of
@@ -5105,7 +5146,7 @@ same time, a new revision of teTeX was being made, and TeX Live included almost
features. The 4th edition followed the same pattern, using a new version of teTeX, and a new
release of Web2C (7.3). The system now included a complete Windows setup, thanks to Fabrice
Popineau.
- For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
+ For the 5th edition (March 2000) many parts of the CD were revised and checked, updating hundreds of
packages. Package details were stored in XML files. But the major change for TeX Live 5 was that all
non-free software was removed. Everything in TeX Live is now intended to be compatible with the
Debian Free Software Guidelines ( The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
+ The 6th edition (July 2001) had much more material updated. The major change was a new install concept:
the user could select a more exact set of needed collections. Language-related collections were completely
reorganized, so selecting any of them installs not only macros, fonts, etc., but also prepares an appropriate
language.dat.
- The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to
+ The 7th edition of 2002 had the notable addition of Mac OS X support, and the usual myriad of updates to
all sorts of packages and programs. An important goal was integration of the source back with teTeX, to
correct the drift apart in versions 5 and 6.
-
+
In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it
+ id="x1-720009.1.1"> In 2003, with the continuing flood of updates and additions, we found that TeX Live had grown so large it
could no longer be contained on a single CD, so we split it into three different distributions (see section 2.1,
p. 7). In addition:
+href="#x1-90002.1">6). In addition:
+
2004 saw many changes:
+ id="x1-730009.1.2">2004
+ 2004 saw many changes:
.map files are now searched for in subdirectories of fonts/map only (in each texmf tree), along
@@ -5199,7 +5240,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">fonts/enc For methods of handling this and other information, please see
+ For methods of handling this and other information, please see
https://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html.
@@ -5207,7 +5248,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">https://tug.org/texlive/mapenc.html It also means it’s It also means it’s more important than ever to use the ifpdf package (works with both plain and
LaTeX) or equivalent code, because simply testing whether mpost) now accepts double quotes containing spaces and
special characters. Typical examples:
- See the Web2C manual for more:
+ See the Web2C manual for more: texmf-dist/doc/web2c.
+
2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
+ id="x1-740009.1.3">2005
+ 2005 saw the usual huge number of updates to packages and programs. The infrastructure stayed relatively
stable from 2004, but inevitably there were some changes there as well:
+
+
In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the 2006–2007
+ In 2006–2007, the major new addition to TeX Live was the XeTeX program, available as the xetex and
xelatex programs; see https://scripts.sil.org/xetex.
- MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future ( MetaPost also received a notable update, with more planned for the future (https://tug.org/metapost/articles),
likewise pdfTeX (https://tug.org/applications/pdftex).
- The TeX The TeX .fmt (high-speed format) and the similar files for MetaPost and Metafont are now stored in
subdirectories of texmf/web2c, instead of in the directory itself (although the directory is still searched, for the
@@ -5493,19 +5535,19 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">tex The (plain) The (plain) tex program no longer reads %& first lines to determine what format to run; it is the pure
Knuthian TeX. (LaTeX and everything else do still read %& lines).
- Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
+ Of course the year also saw (the usual) hundreds of other updates to packages and programs. As usual,
please check CTAN (https://ctan.org) for updates.
- Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
+ Internally, the source tree is now stored in Subversion, with a standard web interface for viewing the tree,
as linked from our home page. Although not visible in the final distribution, we expect this will provide a
stable development foundation for future years.
- Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX
+ Finally, in May 2006 Thomas Esser announced that he would no longer be updating teTeX
(https://tug.org/tetex). As a result, there was a surge of interest in TeX Live, especially among
@@ -5513,72 +5555,72 @@ GNU/Linux distributors. (There is a new tetex installation scheme in TeX Live, which provides an
approximate equivalent.) We hope this will eventually translate to improvements in the TeX environment for
everyone.
-
+
In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an
+ id="x1-760009.1.5"> In 2008, the entire TeX Live infrastructure was redesigned and reimplemented. Complete information about an
installation is now stored in a plain text file tlpkg/texlive.tlpdb.
- Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after
+ Among other things, this finally makes possible upgrading a TeX Live installation over the Internet after
the initial installation, a feature MiKTeX has provided for many years. We expect to regularly update new
packages as they are released to CTAN.
- The major new engine LuaTeX ( The major new engine LuaTeX (http://luatex.org) is included; besides a new level of flexibility
in typesetting, this provides an excellent scripting language for use both inside and outside of
TeX documents.
- Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
+ Support among Windows and the Unix-based platforms is now much more uniform. In particular, most
Perl and Lua scripts are now available on Windows, using the Perl internally distributed with TeX
Live.
- The new The new tlmgr script (section 5) is the general interface for managing TeX Live after the initial installation.
+href="#x1-430005">5 With the advent of With the advent of tlmgr, the texconfig actions to edit the format and hyphenation configuration files are
now disabled.
- The The xindy indexing program (http://xindy.sourceforge.net/) is now included on most
platforms.
- The The kpsewhich tool can now report all matches for a given file (option –all) and limit matches to a given
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--all The --subdir).
+ The dvipdfmx program now includes functionality to extract bounding box information, via the command
name extractbb; this was one of the last features provided by dvipdfm not in dvipdfmx.
- The font aliases The font aliases Times-Roman, Helvetica, and so on have been removed. Different packages expected them
to behave differently (in particular, to have different encodings), and there was no good way to resolve
this.
- The The platex format has been removed, to resolve a name conflict with a completely different Japanese platex;
the polski package is now the main Polish support.
- Internally, the Internally, the WEB string pool files are now compiled into the binaries, to ease upgrades.
- Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See
+ Finally, the changes made by Donald Knuth in his ‘TeX tuneup of 2008’ are included in this release. See
https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92knut.pdf.
-
+
In 2009, the default output format for Lua(L2009
+ In 2009, the default output format for Lua(LA )TeX is now PDF, to take advantage of LuaTeX’s OpenType
support, et al. New executables named dviluatex and dvilualatex run LuaTeX with DVI output. The
LuaTeX home page is http://luatex.org.
- The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
+ The original Omega engine and Lambda format have been excised, after discussions with the Omega
authors. The updated Aleph and Lamed remain, as do the Omega utilities.
- A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
+ A new release of the AMS Type 1 fonts is included, including Computer Modern: a few shape
changes made over the years by Knuth in the Metafont sources have been integrated, and the
hinting has been updated. The Euler fonts have been thoroughly reshaped by Hermann Zapf (see
https://tug.org/TUGboat/Articles/tb29-2/tb92hagen-euler.pdf
unchanged. The AMS fonts home page is https://ams.org/tex/amsfonts.html.
- The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and
+ The new GUI front end TeXworks is included for Windows, and also in MacTeX. For other platforms, and
more information, see the TeXworks home page, https://tug.org/texworks. It is a cross-platform front-end
inspired by the Mac OS X TeXShop editor, aiming at ease-of-use.
- The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
+ The graphics program Asymptote is included for several platforms. This implements a text-based graphics
description language vaguely akin to MetaPost, but with advanced 3D support and other features. Its home
page is https://asymptote.sourceforge.io.
- The separate The separate dvipdfm program has been replaced by dvipdfmx, which operates in a special compatibility
mode under that name. dvipdfmx includes CJK support and has accumulated many other fixes over the years
since the last dvipdfm release.
- Executables for the Executables for the cygwin and i386-netbsd platforms are now included, while we were advised that
OpenBSD users get TeX through their package systems, plus there were difficulties in making binaries that
have a chance of working on more than one version.
- A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use A miscellany of smaller changes: we now use xz compression, the stable replacement for lzma
(https://tukaani.org/xz/ Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
+ Final note on the past: all releases of TeX Live, along with ancillary material such as CD labels, are
available at ftp://tug.org/historic/systems/texlive.
-
+
In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
+ id="x1-780009.1.7">2010
+ In 2010, the default version for PDF output is now 1.5, enabling more compression. This applies to all the
TeX engines when used to produce PDF and to dvipdfmx. Loading the pdf14 LaTeX package changes back to
PDF 1.4, or set \pdfminorversion=4.
- pdf(L pdf(LA )TeX now automatically converts a requested Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) file to PDF, via the
epstopdf package documentation
(https://ctan.org/pkg/epstopdf-pkg).
- A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the A related change is that execution of a very few external commands from TeX, via the \write18 feature, is
now enabled by default. These commands are repstopdf, conf texmf shell_escape 0 Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
+ Yet another related change is that BibTeX and Makeindex now refuse to write their output files to an
arbitrary directory (like TeX itself), by default. This is so they can now be enabled for use by the restricted
\write18. To change this, the TEXMFOUTPUT environment variable can be set, or the openout_any setting
changed.
- XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently
+ XeTeX now supports margin kerning along the same lines as pdfTeX. (Font expansion is not presently
supported.)
- By default, By default, tlmgr now saves one backup of each package updated (tlmgr option autobackup 1), so
broken package updates can be easily reverted with tlmgr restore. If you do post-install updates, and don’t
have the disk space for the backups, run tlmgr option autobackup 0.
- New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program
+ New programs included: the pTeX engine and related utilities for typesetting Japanese; the BibTeXU program
for Unicode-enabled BibTeX; the chktex utility (originally from A )TeX documents; the dvisvgm (https://dvisvgm.de) DVI-to-SVG translator.
- Executables for these new platforms are now included: Executables for these new platforms are now included: amd64-freebsd, amd64-kfreebsd, i386-freebsd,
@@ -5715,53 +5757,53 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-freebsd A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables
+ A change in TeX Live 2009 that we failed to note: numerous TeX4ht-related executables
(https://tug.org/tex4ht) were removed from the binary directories. The generic mk4ht program can be used
to run any of the various tex4ht combinations.
- Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
+ Finally, the TeX Live release on the TeX Collection DVD can no longer be run live (oddly enough). A
single DVD no longer has enough room. One beneficial side effect is that installation from the physical
DVD is much faster.
-
+
The Mac OS X binaries (2011
+ The Mac OS X binaries (universal-darwin and x86_64-darwin) now work only on Leopard or later; Panther
and Tiger are no longer supported.
- The The biber program for bibliography processing is included on common platforms. Its development is
closely coupled with the biblatex package, which completely reimplements the bibliographical facilities
provided by LaTeX.
- The MetaPost ( The MetaPost (mpost) program no longer creates or uses .mem files. The needed files, such as plain.mp, are
simply read on every run. This is related to supporting MetaPost as a library, which is another significant
though not user-visible change.
- The The updmap implementation in Perl, previously used only on Windows, has been revamped and is now used
on all platforms. There shouldn’t be any user-visible changes as a result, except that it runs much
faster.
- The The initex and inimf programs were restored (but no other ini* variants).
-
+
2012
+ tlmgr supports updates from multiple network repositories. The section on multiple repositories in the tlmgr
help output has more.
- The parameter The parameter \XeTeXdashbreakstate is set to 1 by default, for both xetex and xelatex. This allows line
@@ -5769,51 +5811,51 @@ breaks after em-dashes and en-dashes, which has always been the behavior of plai
Existing XeTeX documents which must retain perfect line-break compatibility will need to set
\XeTeXdashbreakstate to 0 explicitly.
- The output files generated by The output files generated by pdftex and dvips, among others, can now exceed 2 gigabytes.
- The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of The 35 standard PostScript fonts are included in the output of dvips by default, since so many different
versions of them are extant.
- In the restricted In the restricted \write18 execution mode, set by default, mpost is now an allowed program.
- A A texmf.cnf file is also found in ../texmf-local, e.g., /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/texmf.cnf, if
it exists.
- The The updmap script reads a per-tree updmap.cfg instead of one global config. This change should be
invisible, unless you edited your updmap.cfg’s directly. The updmap --help output has more.
- Platforms: Platforms: armel-linux and mipsel-linux added; sparc-linux and i386-netbsd are no longer in the main
distribution.
-
+
Distribution layout: the top-level 2013
+ Distribution layout: the top-level texmf/ directory has been merged into texmf-dist/, for simplicity. Both the
TEXMFMAIN and TEXMFDIST Kpathsea variables now point to texmf-dist.
- Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
- MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
- LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library ( Many small language collections have been merged together, to simplify installation.
+ MetaPost: native support for PNG output and floating-point (IEEE double) has been added.
+ LuaTeX: updated to Lua 5.2, and includes a new library (pdfscanner) to process external PDF page
content, among much else (see its web pages).
- XeTeX (also see its web pages for more): XeTeX (also see its web pages for more): xdvi: now uses FreeType instead of t1lib for rendering.
- microtype.sty: some support for XeTeX (protrusion) and LuaTeX (protrusion, font expansion, tracking),
among other enhancements.
- tlmgr: new pinning action to ease configuring multiple repositories; that section in tlmgr --help has
more, online at https://tug.org/texlive/doc/tlmgr.html#MULTIPLE-REPOSITORIES.
- Platforms: Platforms: armhf-linux, mips-irix, i386-netbsd, and amd64-netbsd added or revived; powerpc-aix
removed.
-
+
2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the
+ id="x1-820009.1.11">2014
+ 2014 saw another TeX tune-up from Knuth; this affected all engines, but the only visible change likely is the
restoration of the preloaded format string on the banner line. Per Knuth, this now reflects the format that
would be loaded by default, rather than an undumped format that is actually preloaded in the binary; it may
be overridden in various ways.
- pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter pdfTeX: new warning-suppression parameter \pdfsuppresswarningpagegroup; new primitives for fake
interword spaces to help with PDF text reflowing: \pdfinterwordspaceon, \pdfinterwordspaceoff,
\pdffakespace.
- LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a
+ LuaTeX: Notable changes and fixes were made to font loading and hyphenation. The biggest addition is a
new engine variant, luajittex and its siblings texluajit and XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode
+ XeTeX: The same image formats are now supported on all platforms (including Mac); avoid Unicode
compatibility decomposition fallback (but not other variants); prefer OpenType to Graphite fonts, for
compatibility with previous XeTeX versions.
- MetaPost: A new numbersystem MetaPost: A new numbersystem decimal is supported, along with a companion internal numberprecision;
a new definition of drawdot in plain.mp, per Knuth; bug fixes in SVG and PNG output, among
others.
- The The pstopdf ConTeXt utility will be removed as a standalone command at some point after the release, due
to conflicts with OS utilities of the same name. It can still (and now) be invoked as mtxrun –script
pstopdf.
- psutils has been substantially revised by a new maintainer. As a result, several seldom-used utilities (fix*,
scripts/ directory rather than being user-level
executables (this can be reversed if it turns out to be problematic). A new script, psjoin, has been
added.
- The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section The MacTeX redistribution of TeX Live (section 3.1.2) no longer includes the optional Mac-only packages
for the Latin Modern and TeX Gyre fonts, since it is easy enough for individual users to make them available
to the system. The convert program from ImageMagick has also been excised, since TeX4ht (specifically
tex4ht.env) now uses Ghostscript directly.
- The The langcjk collection for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean support has been split into individual language
collections for the sake of more moderate sizes.
- Platforms: Platforms: x86_64-cygwin added, mips-irix removed; Microsoft no longer supports Windows XP, so our
programs may start failing there at any time.
-
+
LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the LaTeX2e now incorporates, by default, changes previously included only by explicitly loading the fixltx2e
package, which is now a no-op. A new latexrelease package and other mechanisms allow for controlling what is
@@ -5936,35 +5978,35 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">babel Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters,
+ Internally, LaTeX2e now includes Unicode-related engine configuration (what characters are letters,
naming of primitives, etc.) which was previously part of TeX Live. This change is intended to be invisible to
users; a few low-level internal control sequences have been renamed or removed, but the behavior should be
just the same.
- pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if pdfTeX: Support JPEG Exif as well as JFIF; do not emit a warning if \pdfinclusionerrorlevel is
negative; sync with xpdf 3.04.
- LuaTeX: New library LuaTeX: New library newtokenlib for scanning tokens; bug fixes in the normal random number generator
and other places.
- XeTeX: Image handling fixes; XeTeX: Image handling fixes; xdvipdfmx binary looked for first as a sibling to xetex; internal XDV opcodes
changed.
- MetaPost: New numbersystem MetaPost: New numbersystem binary; new Japanese-enabled upmpost and updvitomp programs, analogous
to up*tex.
- MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution
+ MacTeX: Updates to the included Ghostscript package for CJK support. The TeX Distribution
Preference Pane now works in Yosemite (Mac OS X 10.10). Resource-fork font suitcases (generally
without an extension) are no longer supported by XeTeX; data-fork suitcases (.dfont) remain
supported.
- Infrastructure: The Infrastructure: The fmtutil script has been reimplemented to read fmtutil.cnf on a per-tree basis,
analogous to mktextfm, mktexpk) now prefer programs in
their own directory, instead of always using the existing PATH.
- Platforms: Platforms: *-kfreebsd removed, since TeX Live is now easily available through the system
platform mechanisms. Support for some additional platforms is available as custom binaries
(https://tug.org/texlive/custom-bin.html). In addition, some platforms are now omitted from the
DVD (simply to save space), but can be installed normally over the net.
-
+
LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure
+ LuaTeX: Sweeping changes to primitives, both renames and removals, along with some node structure
rearrangements. The changes are summarized in an article by Hans Hagen, “LuaTeX 0.90 backend changes for
PDF and more” (https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb37-1/tb115hagen-pdf.pdf); for all the details, see the
LuaTeX manual, texmf-dist/doc/luatex/base/luatex.pdf.
- Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont,
+ Metafont: New highly experimental sibling programs MFlua and MFluajit, integrating Lua with Metafont,
for trial testing purposes.
- MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0.
- MetaPost: Bug fixes and internal preparations for MetaPost 2.0.
+ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH support in all engines except LuaTeX (which will come in the next release) and
original tex (intentionally omitted): if the environment variable \month, \day, \time. The pdfTeX manual has examples
and details.
- pdfTeX: new primitives pdfTeX: new primitives \pdfinfoomitdate, \pdftrailerid, \pdfsuppressptexinfo, to control values
appearing in the output which normally change with each run. These features are for PDF output only, not
DVI.
- XeTeX: New primitives XeTeX: New primitives \XeTeXhyphenatablelength, \XeTeXgenerateactualtext, Other utilities: Other utilities: MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility;
+ MacTeX: The TeX Distribution Preference Pane is gone; its functionality is now in TeX Live Utility;
bundled GUI applications upgraded; new script cjk-gs-integrate to be run by users who wish to incorporate
various CJK fonts into Ghostscript.
- Infrastructure: System-level Infrastructure: System-level tlmgr configuration file supported; verify package checksums; if GPG is
available, verify signature of network updates. These checks happen with both the installer and tlmgr. If GPG
is not available, updates proceed as usual.
- Platforms: Platforms: alpha-linux and mipsel-linux removed.
-
+
LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; 2017
+ LuaTeX: More callbacks, more typesetting control, more access to internals; ffi library for dynamic code
loading added on some platforms.
- pdfTeX: Environment variable pdfTeX: Environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH_TEX_PRIMITIVES from last year renamed to
FORCE_SOURCE_DATE, with no changes in functionality; if the \pdfpageattr token list contains the string
/MediaBox, omit output of the default /MediaBox.
- XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug
+ XeTeX: Unicode/OpenType math now based on HarfBuzz’s MATH table support; some bug
fixes.
- Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with Dvips: Make the last papersize special win, for consistency with dvipdfmx and package expectations; the
-L0 option (L0 config setting) restores the previous behavior of the first special winning.
- epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \pdfuniformdeviate, \pdfnormaldeviate, \pdfrandomseed,
@@ -6087,7 +6129,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">\pdfrandomseed MacTeX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches
+ MacTeX: As of this year, only Mac OS X releases for which Apple still releases security patches
will be supported in MacTeX, under the platform name x86_64-darwin; currently this means
Yosemite, El Capitan, and Sierra (10.10 and newer). Binaries for older Mac OS X versions are not
@@ -6098,7 +6140,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">i386-darwin Infrastructure: The Infrastructure: The TEXMFLOCAL tree is now searched before TEXMFSYSCONFIG and TEXMFSYSVAR (by
@@ -6108,7 +6150,7 @@ has a new mode shell for interactive and scripted use, and a new action conf auxtrees to easily add and
remove extra trees.
- updmap and fmtutil: These scripts now give a warning when invoked without explicitly specifying either
so-called system mode (https://tug.org/texlive/scripts-sys-user.html for
details.
- install-tl: Personal paths such as TEXMFHOME are now set to MacTeX values (~/Library/...) by
@@ -6132,24 +6174,24 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">-init-from-profile SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like SyncTeX: the name of the temporary file now looks like foo.synctex(busy), instead of
foo.synctex.gz(busy) (no .gz). Front-ends and build systems that want to remove temp files may need
adjusting.
- Other utilities: Other utilities: texosquery-jre8 is a new cross-platform program for retrieving locale and other OS
information from a TeX document; it is included in shell_escape_commands by default for restricted shell
execution. (Older JRE versions are supported by texosquery, but cannot be enabled in restricted mode, as they
are no longer supported by Oracle, even for security issues.)
- Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes.
-
+ Platforms: See MacTeX entry above; no other changes.
+
Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set 2018
+ Kpathsea: Case-insensitive filename matching now done by default in non-system directories; set texmf.cnf or
environment variable texmf_casefold_search to 0 to disable. Full details in the Kpathsea manual
(https://tug.org/kpathsea).
- epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive epTeX, eupTeX: New primitive \epTeXversion.
- LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary LuaTeX: Preparation for moving to Lua 5.3 in 2019: a binary luatex53 is available on most platforms, but
must be renamed to luatex to be effective. Or use the ConTeXt Garden (https://wiki.contextgarden.net)
files; more information there.
- MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output.
- pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for
+ MetaPost: Fixes for wrong path directions, TFM and PNG output.
+ pdfTeX: Allow encoding vectors for bitmap fonts; current directory not hashed into PDF ID; bug fixes for
\pdfprimitive and related.
- XeTeX: Support XeTeX: Support /Rotate in PDF image inclusion; exit nonzero if the output driver fails; various obscure
UTF-8 and other primitive fixes.
- MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in MacTeX: See version support changes below. In addition, the files installed in /Applications/TeX/ by
MacTeX have been reorganized for greater clarity; now this location contains four GUI programs (BibDesk,
LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop) at the top level and folders with additional utilities and
documentation.
- tlmgr: new front-ends tlshell (Tcl/Tk) and tlcockpit (Java); JSON output; uninstall now a synonym
for remove; new action/option print-platform-info.
- Platforms: Platforms:
+
Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable 2019
+ Kpathsea: More consistent brace expansion and path splitting; new variable TEXMFDOTDIR instead of
hard-coded . in paths allows for easily searching additional or sub-directories (see comments in
texmf.cnf).
- epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \readpapersizespecial and \expanded.
- LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library
+ LuaTeX: Lua 5.3 now used, with concomitant arithmetic and interface changes. The homegrown library
pplib is used to read pdf files, thus eliminating the dependency on poppler (and the need for C++); Lua
interface changed accordingly.
- MetaPost: MetaPost: r-mpost command name recognized as an alias for invocation with the –restricted option,
+class="ec-lmtt-10">--restricted pdfTeX: New primitive pdfTeX: New primitive \expanded; if new primitive parameter \pdfomitcharset is set to 1, the /CharSet
string omitted from the PDF output, since it cannot feasibly be guaranteed correct, as required by PDF/A-2
and PDF/A-3.
- XeTeX: New primitives XeTeX: New primitives \expanded, \creationdate, \elapsedtime, \uniformdeviate, \randomseed; extend \Ucharcat to produce
active characters.
- tlmgr: Support curl as a download program; use lz4 and gzip before xz for local backups, if available;
prefer system-provided binaries over binaries provided with TeX Live for compressor and download programs,
unless the environment variable TEXLIVE_PREFER_OWN is set.
- install-tl: New option -gui (with no argument) is the default on Windows and Macs, and invokes a new
Tcl/TK GUI (see sections 1.3 and 3.1.6).
- Utilities: Utilities: MacTeX: MacTeX: x86_64-darwin now supports 10.12 and higher (Sierra, High Sierra, Mojave); x86_64-darwinlegacy
still supports 10.6 and newer. The spell checker Excalibur is no longer included, since it requires 32-bit
support.
- Platforms: removed Platforms: removed sparc-solaris.
-
+
General: General: epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives epTeX, eupTeX: New primitives \Uchar, \Ucharcat, \current(x)spacingmode, \iffontchar. For eupTeX only: \currentcjktoken.
- LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines LuaTeX: Integration with HarfBuzz library, available as new engines luahbtex (used for lualatex) and
luajithbtex. New primitives: \eTeXgluestretchorder, \eTeXglueshrinkorder.
- pdfTeX: New primitive pdfTeX: New primitive \pdfmajorversion; this merely changes the version number in the PDF output; it
has no effect on any PDF content. \pdfximage and similar now search for image files in the same way as
\openin.
- pTeX: New primitives pTeX: New primitives \ifjfont, \iftfont. Also in epTeX, upTeX, eupTeX.
- XeTeX: Fixes for XeTeX: Fixes for \Umathchardef, \XeTeXinterchartoks, \pdfsavepos.
- Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities
+ Dvips: Output encodings for bitmap fonts, for better copy/paste capabilities
(https://tug.org/TUGboat/tb40-2/tb125rokicki-type3search.pdf).
- MacTeX: MacTeX and MacTeX: MacTeX and x86_64-darwin now require 10.13 or higher (High Sierra, Mojave, and Catalina);
x86_64-darwinlegacy supports 10.6 and newer. MacTeX is notarized and command line programs have
@@ -6361,7 +6403,7 @@ hardened runtimes, as now required by Apple for install packages. BibDesk and Te
not in MacTeX because they are not notarized, but a README file lists urls where they can be
obtained.
- tlmgr and infrastructure: General: General: Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named Aleph: The Aleph-based LaTeX format, named lamed, has been removed. The aleph binary itself is still
included and supported.
- LuaTeX: LuaTeX: MetaPost: MetaPost: pdfTeX: pdfTeX: XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning.
- Dvipdfmx: XeTeX: Fixes for math kerning.
+ Dvipdfmx: Dvips: Dvips: MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder MacTeX: MacTeX and its new binary folder universal-darwin now require macOS 10.14 or higher
(Mojave, Catalina, and Big Sur); the x86_64-darwin binary folder is no longer present. The
@@ -6515,14 +6557,14 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">x86_64-darwin This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and
+ This is an important year for the Macintosh because Apple introduced ARM machines in November and
will sell and support both ARM and Intel machines for many years. All programs in universal-darwin
have executable code for both ARM and Intel. Both binaries are compiled from the same source
code.
- The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are
+ The additional programs Ghostscript, LaTeXiT, TeX Live Utility, and TeXShop are all universal and are
signed with a hardened runtime, so all are included in MacTeX this year.
- tlmgr and infrastructure:
+
We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation,
+ id="x1-900009.3">Future
+ We intend to continue to release new versions of TeX Live, and would like to provide more documentation,
more programs, an ever-improved and better-checked tree of macros and fonts, and anything else TeX. This
work is all done by volunteers in their spare time, and there is always more to do. Please see
https://tug.org/texlive/contribute.html.
- Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
- Please send corrections, suggestions, and offers of help to:
+ https://tug.org/texlive Happy TeXing!
6.4 The Windows registry
-6.5 Windows permissions
-6.6 Increasing maximum memory on Windows and Cygwin
-
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Cygwin]
"heap_chunk_in_mb"=dword:ffffff007 A user’s guide to Web2C
-
-
-
-7.1 Kpathsea path searching
-7.1.1 Path sources
-
-7.1.2 Config files
- TEXINPUTS=.:/my/macro/dir:
+
+
TEXMF = {$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFMAIN}
-
TEXINPUTS.latex = .;$TEXMF/tex/{latex,generic;}//
-
TEXINPUTS.fontinst = .;$TEXMF/tex//;$TEXMF/fonts/afm//
-
% e-TeX related files
-
TEXINPUTS.elatex = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{latex,generic;}//
-
TEXINPUTS.etex = .;$TEXMF/{etex,tex}/{eplain,plain,generic;}//
- 7.1.3 Path expansion
-7.1.4 Default expansion
-7.1.5 Brace expansion
-
+
+ TEXMF = {$TEXMFVAR,$TEXMFHOME,!!$TEXMFLOCAL,!!$TEXMFDIST}
+ TEXINPUTS = .;$TEXMF/tex//
+
+7.1.6 Subdirectory expansion
-7.1.7 Summary of special characters in Summary of special characters in texmf.cnf files
-
-7.2 Filename databases
-7.2.1 The filename database
-7.2.2 kpsewhich: Standalone path searching
-
num
Set the format for lookup to name. By default, the format is guessed from the filename. For
formats which do not have an associated unambiguous suffix, such as MetaPost support files and
@@ -4079,7 +4117,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">kpsewhich --help-formats
Set the mode name to string; this only affects ‘gf’ and ‘pk’ lookups. No default: any mode will
--must-exist
Do everything possible to find the files, notably including searching the disk. By default, only the
ls-R database is checked, in the interest of efficiency.
@@ -4098,7 +4136,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">ls-R
Search along the path string (colon-separated as usual), instead of guessing the search path from
the filename. ‘--format’
class="ec-lmtt-10">--progname=
Set the program name to name. This can affect the search paths via the .kpsewhich.
class="ec-lmtt-10">--show-path=
shows the path used for file lookups of file type name. Either a filename extension (.pk, --format’ option.
class="ec-lmtt-10">--debug=
sets the debugging options to num.7.2.3 Examples of use
-7.2.4 Debugging actions
-
- \documentclass{article}
+ \begin{document}
+ Hello World!
+ \end{document}
+
+
kdebug:search(config.cms)
=>/usr/local/texmf/dvips/cms/config.cms
7.3 Runtime options
-
.
extra_mem_bot 7.4 $TEXMFDOTDIR
-8 Acknowledgements
-
@@ -5038,7 +5079,7 @@ class="ec-lmss-10">xindy
.
9 Release history
-9.1 Past
-9.1.1 2003
-
9.1.2 2004
-
.
\input "filename with spaces" % plain
+\input{"filename with spaces"} % latex
+
+ 9.1.3 2005
-
@@ -5417,7 +5459,7 @@ class="ec-lmtt-10">texmf.cnf
. In any case the real location of these fil
class="ec-lmtt-10">TEXMFCONFIG and TEXMFSYSCONFIG must agree. See section 2.3, p. 8.
+href="#x1-110002.3">7.
+
+ latex --translate-file=empty.tcx yourfile.tex
+9.1.4 2006–2007
-9.1.5 2008
-9.1.6 2009
-9.1.7 2010
-9.1.8 2011
-9.1.9 2012
-9.1.10 2013
-
.
9.1.11 2014
-9.1.12 2015
-9.1.13 2016
+ id="x1-840009.1.13">2016
-
\XeTeXinterwordspaceshaping, \mdfivesum; character class limit increased to 4096; DVI id byte
incremented.
-
-9.1.14 2017
-9.1.15 2018
-
have been removed.
9.1.16 2019
-
: report font information from DVI files, a
9.1.17 2020
-
,
href="https://latex-project.org/news" class="url" >https://latex-project.org/news).
-
and infrastructure: 9.2 Present: 2021
-
.
option, other fixes to manual.
class="ec-lmtt-10">epsilon
-
-
or other image file is not found, exit with bad status.
9.3 Future
-
-